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Principle Functions of Modern Stock Exchange Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Principle Functions of Modern Stock Exchange 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The essay outlines the various functions that the stock exchange plays in the stock market. Principle Functions of Modern Stock Exchange Shares and bonds are referred to as securities in the capital market. The buying, selling, and dealings involving shares and bonds in Australia are controlled by the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). The first function of the stock exchange is to facilitate or create a platform for companies to raise capital. Companies or trusts are allowed to sell shares to either the members of public or private investors so that they can get finances to fund their expansion or establish new businesses. The trading of those shares by the investors can be done when listing of the company or trust on ASX is done. The second function of the stock exchange is to provide a market where securities are traded. Buyers and sellers exchanging securities make up the share market. The stock exchange has provided the players with an electronic trading system where orders to sell or buy shares are entered electronically without the sellers and buyers having to meet physically. Before the automation of the trading system, the ‘trading floor’ was a physical location, where orders of trading shares were taken. The legal ownership of securities can be transferred electronically when trading takes place between the buyer and the seller. According to Bruce (29), the stock exchange establishes rules to be followed by the companies and other players so as to ensure fair trading of securities. The rules enable the stock exchange to regulate the trading process and ensure best practices are followed by companies and stock brokerage firms. Listed companies are obliged to inform the stock exchange on critical issues like mergers and changes of management. The stock exchange will then release the information to the market. Such information is very vital to the market players and the members of the public since it affects the share price of the company (Bruce 33). Information like when a company wants to release its financial reports will influence share price as traders anticipate the profitability or the financial position of the company. The fourth function of the stock exchange is to establish the rules that regulate the trading that takes place at the stock exchange. The buying and selling overovershare done by licensed stock brokerage firms. Stock brokerage firms are responsible for entering the orders of the customers (buyers or sellers) into the market upon such directives from the customers without delay. The rules also stipulate how brokerage firm should carry out their business so that the integrity of the market is maintained. Finally, the stock exchange performs the function of supervising the parties within the market to ensure that all parties follow the rules adequately and that the trading process is running smoothly at the highest level of efficiency. There is continuous monitoring of the price and the volume of the shares traded to ensure that a normal pattern is maintained. The computer system can generate real-time trading information and this helps the stock exchange to detect any unusual change of price or volume of shares. Any unusual movement of the share price is investigated and measures are taken to curb any market abuse. Conclusion It is with no doubt that the stock exchange plays an important role that ensuring the smooth running of processes in the stock market. Computerization of the systems is very critical so that the trading process can be efficient. Works Cited Bruce, Robert. Handbook of Australian Corporate Finance . Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Washington, Jefferson and Parker’ Role in the US History Essay Table of Contents 1. George Washington (1732-1799) 2. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 3. John Parker (1827-1900) 4. Works Cited George Washington (1732-1799) As the first elected president of the United States of America, George Washington is associated with several achievements. To begin with, he was in the forefront in creating and institutionalizing strong, well organized, and steadily financed government that was inclusive of the states with the US territory. Previously a soldier and a leader of a regiment, George Washington’s government was very successful in establishing a very firm united nation out of the remains of a series of military campaigns against the British government (Conlin 35). George Washington is accredited for having initiated different government rituals and forms that have persisted to the present day. For instance, inaugural speech and cabinet system of governance were the creation of George Washington. The current transitional process was first implemented by George Washington. After serving two successful terms in the office as an elected president, George Washington facilitated peaceful and structure transition to John Adams. This act established a strong foundation for democracy and acceptance of the will of the people of America. George Washington was the first president to accept the voice of the people who democratically elected his predecessor. Due to the peaceful transition, America has remained ahead of other states and countries in promoting democracy and respect of the laws on elections (Brinkley 37). This might have not been possible if George Washington did not lay the foundation for the same. In fact, Washington earned the title of the ‘Father of America’ when he was still active in the public life as political figure and popular leader. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) As one of the founding fathers of the US and the third president of the post independence America, Thomas Jefferson is attributed with several achievements which permanently changed the history of the US in a positive way. To begin with, Jefferson authored the Declaration of Independence, which internalized the ideals of the post revolution America. While still in the office as the president, Jefferson passed the religious freedom statute in Virginia, which is associated with the current freedom of religious affiliation in the modern American society (Conlin 41). Lastly, Jefferson was the founder of the University of Virginia, which has since grown into a center of excellence with more than five million alumni. Jefferson’s statute was significant and formed the foundation of his declaration, which abolished slave importation in the US. Some of the current civil rights such as equality and freedom of association were expanded from Jefferson’s statute. John Parker (1827-1900) Born in 1827, Parker faced the reality of slavery at a tender age of eight years. He proceeded to serve as a slave for close to two decades under the control of a doctor before purchasing his freedom. As a slave, his position on social justice, need for fair income redistribution, and personalized inspiration to transformation among the minority races in the US ignited the engine for later civil rights movements across the US (Brown 29). His fame as a social justice crusader climaxed with the daring mission of freeing over a thousand slaves. The achievements of Parker have inspired many liberation movements among the colored population in the US over the years. For instance, the abolition of the slave trade and slavery in the US was possible due to his earlier activist campaign against slavery and unfair treatment of the minority races in the US (Brown 34). Works Cited Brinkley, A. American History: Connecting with the Past, Volume 1 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. Print. Brown, M. John Parker . New York: Wiley and Sons, 2001. Print. Conlin, J. The American Past: A Survey of American History . Alabama, Al: Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethics of Big Data Collection in Health Care Services Essay The highly innovational data collection is one of the most useful and controversial measures invented by people. Privacy concerns have already arisen the problems in social networks, which might sell the users’ data to third parties. Similar worries have awoken for the value of big data in medicine as it might ignite discrimination and other unwanted consequences. For instance, employers examine the genetic data of potential workers, or health insurance companies raise their bills according to the information collected from patients’ phones (Price & Cohen, 2019). This essay addresses the issue of privacy in health care services and examines the role of medical professionals in tackling the problem. Big data in medicine is crucial for several studies directed to improving the health service quality. It can help assess the efficiency of a particular type of drug, monitor the patient’s condition after the treatment, evaluate the doctor’s performance, or help to develop some scientific hypothesis (Price & Cohen, 2019). However, such mass data collection is a serious downside: violation of the privacy of patients, who might be subjected to negative consequences of giving access to their personal information (Gostin et al., 2018). This disadvantage is the reason behind the slow development of the named approach. As health care workers are the professionals who are most likely to use the collected knowledge, they can significantly assist in resolving this problem. They are responsible for handling and processing it in medical goals. The doctors and other medical personnel have to consider health privacy principles, which state the confidentiality of patient records (Price & Cohen, 2019). As a result, they can hinder discrimination by health; for instance, those patients with HIV can be saved from the pressure of society (Walker et al., 2017). To summarize, all health care agents must be considerate of the information they are using to solve the issue of health privacy. There are some ways of how doctors can address the named issue. First, there should be a detailed policy about the use of the named data. The legibly written rules of application help the patients to understand what consent they are giving clearly. Moreover, it helps the doctors to recognize the scope of allowed invasion of privacy, thus preventing possible conflicts and misunderstandings. Second, medical professionals should thoroughly talk to their patients about the consent to access their data. Usually, determining the scope of what is right and useful is nearly impossible in terms of morality, as there are as many points as people in the world. The actions, which aim to help the patient, may deteriorate his situation, as for some people, their privacy is more important than health. Thus, hospital staff has to consider all variables of the consent to reduce the possibility of future mistakes. To conclude, the health privacy problem is one of the most challenging questions to address because of the complexity of ethical morale. Severe disadvantages accompany the advantages of big data collection in the health care system. Hence, there comes the question of the compatibility of this seemingly useful approach. Even though there cannot be a distinct way of solving it, medical workers should always keep privacy matters in mind. The existing privacy rules, which are likely to be improved, should be delicately examined by both patients and doctors, as parties are better to know their rights and restrictions. References Gostin, L. O., Halabi, S. F., & Wilson, K. (2018). Health data and privacy in the digital era . Journal of the American Medical Association, 320 (3), 233-234. Price, W. N., & Cohen, I. G. (2019). Privacy in the age of medical big data . Nature Medicine , 25 (1), 37–43. Walker, D. M., Johnson, T., Ford, E. W., & Huerta, T. R. (2017). Trust me, I’m a doctor: Examining changes in how privacy concerns affect patient withholding behavior . Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19 (1), 1-11. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Car Purchase and Verbal Contract Legality Essay Unwritten arrangements and oral contracts are usually legal and lawfully binding on the condition that they are rational, unbiased, conscionable, and made in upright belief. Even though the major part of individuals links contracts with authorized documents reproduced on paper with a determination of delivering them to legal officials to sign and imprint them, the thing is that only a small number of categories of contracts are obligated by the law to be written (Penner, 2014). The cause why spoken contracts and oral arrangements are repeatedly looked suspiciously upon is that they have a tendency to arise complications when it comes to the implementation. Contracts that are plainly inscribed and implemented are easier to present as evidence in law court than the testament of the pledged parties. It is as well stimulating to dismiss contract flaws when they are not written. When verbal contracts are reviewed in court, there is constantly a risk of one of the sides being dishonest about the footings of the contract (Williston, Currier, & Hill, 2012). Sometimes, all sides of the contract may select to be deceitful about the terms of the bond and thus produce a lawful stalemate for the judges. In the case described, the contract is an arrangement between the two parties to deliver a product (car in this example) that is totally lawful. There are fundamentally six basics of a contract that make it lawful and binding (Penner, 2014). The contract reviewed in the example is a lawful contract for the reason that there are present all six elements: 1. A proposal that precisely details what will be provided and is comprehended by both sides of the contract (Williston et al., 2012). The salesperson provided Jim and Laura with all the necessary information about the car that they were about to buy. 2. Mutual agreement, which is the acceptance of the proposal offered by the other party (Williston et al., 2012). When Jim and Laura picked the car that they liked, they decided to buy it the next day, and the salesperson agreed to hold the car for a day. 3. Something of interest or monetary value is exchanged by the parties in order to come to an agreement (Williston et al., 2012). In this case, Jim and Laura gave the salesperson a $100 deposit. An important note would be that the salesperson and the customers agreed to the terms that this deposit is refundable. 4. Adequacy of the parties partaking in the contract in terms of intellectual capacity (Williston et al., 2012). This point is also reflected in the example as both parties proved they were sane when agreeing to the terms of the contract. Both customer and the salesperson realized the importance of the pledge and the responsibility it comes with. 5. The determination of both sides to keep their promise and be fair to each other (Williston et al., 2012). The salesperson promised Jim and Laura that it is not a problem if they come back on the next day to buy the car, and the customers promised the salesperson to purchase the car on the next day. 6. Legal standings and circumstances, also known as the object of the agreement (Williston et al., 2012). The fact of the car purchase is legal, and both parties agreed on the terms that are in compliance with the law. The case demonstrated that both parties behaved like law-abiding citizens. To state otherwise, an agreement is applicable and lawful for the reason that both parties agreed to the terms, sealed the promise with a $100 deposit, both were in the acceptable mental and physical condition and pledged to keep their promise and what they swore to do was in compliance with the law. Even though generally a contract is printed and signed by the sides, it was one of some other types of bonds that are well-thought-out to be implemented lawfully (Penner, 2014). Despite the fact that the verbal agreement reached in the case might assist the court only in defining the responsibilities on the side of either party, it still functions in a similar way. To conclude, it is obvious that, in this case, the customers and the salesperson came to an agreement that can be called a verbal contract. All six basic elements of a proper contract are also present, so it is reasonable to assume that the dealer breached the contract and rejected the previous set terms. Nevertheless, a tailback may arise in the court regarding the fact that Jim and Laura promised to buy the car but changed their mind. On the other hand, the salesperson negotiated that the deposit is refundable but failed to return it the other day when the customers came back to the car dealership to explain the situation. The case described is a definitive representation of a contract law case. All the probable inaccuracies and misunderstandings should have been specified in advance in order to evade litigation and satisfy both parties. References Penner, J. E. (2014). The Law of Trusts . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Williston, S., Currier, R., & Hill, R. (2012). Commercial Law . New York, NY: American Institute of Banking. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Emotional Scene in the “Malcolm X” Film Essay (Movie Review) Brief description of the most emotional segment of the film The most powerful part of the film was when Malcolm X started his ‘Nation of Islam’ campaign in the streets of the ghetto. It took enormous courage to stop strangers in the street and tell them about Elijah Muhammad’s teachings. He appears to be quite passionate about his cause regardless of the passersby’s indifference to his pleas ( Malcolm X ). At this point, one wonders whether anything fruitful will ever come from the meetings because the faith’s membership base is quite small. In this scene – when Malcolm X hands out leaflets to the event – one can detect the sense of hopelessness held by people in this neighborhood. Malcolm’s energy and firm resolve oozes out of him. To some extent, it even contradicts his environment. Perhaps the reason why this scene was central to the film was its portrayal of the protagonist. Mr. X has such an unyielding belief in the Nation of Islam that he is willing to sacrifice his economic or personal gain for the sake of the group. It was a full-time job for Malcolm to conduct membership drives, such as the one in the scene, so this was a clear sacrifice on his part. Mr. Little’s enthusiasm never waned throughout his involvement in the Nation of Islam. He was a leader from the beginning and continued to show these leadership qualities until his death. The scene was packed with emotion for me because I saw the makings of a great man. Malcolm was a transformative agent in African American society as he was already firmly rooted in his own beliefs. It was from this abundance of faith that he could teach other people how to believe in themselves. Analysis of the film’s meaning The film intended on showing the transformative power of faith in society. Through the ‘Nation of Islam’, Malcolm was able to sensitize oppressed people (African Americans) about their state of affairs. He made them realize that they were valuable, and deserved better treatment. As such, Mr. X fought against the injustices of twentieth Century America. He also showed the predominant race that their racist ways were undermining the very principles that founded the United States of America. I responded positively to this message because I learned how societal structures had failed the African American people. Many African Americans, including Malcolm X, had lost their parents due to this hate-inspired attitude. Furthermore, most of them were forced into criminal or anti-social activities owing to the glass ceilings intrinsic to typical sectors of the economy. Malcolm X became a bugler when he saw no other gainful opportunities for himself, as a black man. Through the film, I realized that there was a context to the African American community’s woes. The movie illustrated that, through spiritual transformation, one does not have to become a victim of social unfairness. One can become a force for change rather than a product of society’s ills. Malcolm X slowly evolved from a criminal to a religious leader. Through spiritual mentorship, he developed into one of the most influential people in the black community. Religion helped Mr. X to conquer his undesirable habits (drug addiction, criminality) and to embrace a journey of righteous living. The meaning of this film was unmistakable and powerful. Works Cited Malcolm X . Ex. Prod. Spike Lee. NY: Largo International. 1992. DVD. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Why Electing Minorities Matters” by John Sides Essay (Book Review) The reading “Why Electing Minorities Matters,” written by John Sides, adds to the description of issues stemming from the unequal representation of minority groups in politics. Meanwhile, the successful advancement of their interests positively correlates with their greater involvement in the corresponding processes. However, as follows from the article, the fact of their election does not guarantee the improvement of the conditions for specific categories of citizens. This outcome is conditional upon the effectiveness of these officials’ actions when they are not on public display. Nevertheless, their influence is complicated by the distorted communication with their constituents during the service. These results of the analysis of this situation conducted by the author seem credible due to the provision of comprehensive statistical data based on the comparison of white and black employees in this field. Thus, this source efficiently underpins the information on the topic presented by other scholars and adds precision to it. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
UAE’s Banking Industry Analysis Research Paper UAE’s banking industry is regarded as the most competitive market in Gulf Cooperation Council region (Haseeb, 2012). This competitiveness is justified by the comparative statistics of banking industries in the GCC region. As for instance, the difference between interest paid by UAE’s banks on their customers’ deposits and the interest charged on loans and advances provided by those banks is lowest in the region, i.e. 2.9 %, which in itself is evident of the competitiveness of UAE’s banking industry. The banking industry in the United Arab Emirates is composed of local and international banking companies. As per the statistics for 2011, there were 23 local and 28 international banking companies operating in the country (Moukahal, 2011). Owing to the significant infrastructural development and economic activities taking place in the UAE, the banking companies are faced with a major challenge of coping up with the domestic finance needs. Apart from this, the UAE’s banking sector has also been affected by the recent financial slowdown and the profitability of the banking companies declined significantly in 2009 (Moukahal, 2011). Financial Performance Review In this section, financial and strategic analysis of Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank and National Bank of Abu Dhabi is presented while referring back to their respective financial performances. The financial performance of Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank and National Bank of Abu Dhabi has been analysed in this section on the basis of information presented in the annual reports of the two banks pertaining to the financial year 2011. The financial performance review for both banks is individually presented as under: Financial Performance of Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank In 2011, apart from the fact that the total customers’ deposits in 2011 declined by 2.4 %, Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank showed a considerable increase in its revenues and an equivalent increase in its operating margin. Moreover, the bank has been able to achieve higher use of its deposits in 2011 as consumer financing as compared to 2010. The bank has maintained its strong capital adequacy position in both 2010 and 2011. The international rating agencies, such as Moody and Fitch, declared the outlook of the bank as stable (Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, 2011). In addition to this, as stated by the Chairman in his statement, the bank also distributed about 50 percent of its net income for the year in dividends to the shareholders (Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, 2011). Financial Performance of National Bank of Abu Dhabi National Bank of Abu Dhabi was able to report only 1% increase in its net profits for the year 2011 and earnings per share were reported as AED 1.19. Moreover, the management set a 20 % return on average shareholders’ funds in 2011, which came out to be 16.3 % in actual, but this gap has been due to unfavourable changes in the financial market (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). Given the fact that banking companies faced unfavourable market and economic conditions during the financial year 2011 and while comparing this percentage of 16.3 % to other industry leaders, it can be said that National Bank of Abu Dhabi performed well in this respect. The bank has successfully maintained higher capital adequacy levels in both years. In view of the banks strong position in the market, it has been able to attract greater deposits in 2011 (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). Final Analysis Keeping in view the strategies of the two banking companies selected in this analysis, it can be stated that both of them have been able to attain their strategic goals as planned in 2011 to a certain extent (Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, 2011; National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). Owing to the fact that effects of the financial crisis, which emerged in 2008 existed in 2011 also, the strategy of the two banks was to remain stable as far as financial performance was concerned. In this regard, both banks were able to report even better results, as they not only maintained their performance but also improved overall profitability and revenue levels in 2011. However, the comparison of both banks performance reveals that National Bank of Abu Dhabi has been a better performer than Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank (Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, 2011; National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). As has been noted in the financial analysis of the two banks presented earlier, National Bank of Abu Dhabi has shown stability and growth in profitability as compared to Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). Moreover, the gearing level of the bank also came down in 2011 in comparison with previous years, which was also a part of management’s strategy (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). On the other hand, liquidity and solvency positions of both banks remained similar in 2011 and did not show significant variations in comparison with previous years (Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, 2011; National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2011). The fact that both banks made strategies increase their market share was also achieved successfully by way of growth in their depositors. However, NBAD appears to be more strategically successful as compared to the other bank as its financial position is better than ADIB. Reference List Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank. (2011). Annual Report 2011. Abu Dhabi: Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank. Haseeb, H. (2012, January 12). UAE’s banking industry most competitive in the GCC. Khaleej Times . Moukahal, W. (2011). The banking industry in the UAE. Web. National Bank of Abu Dhabi. (2011). Annual Report 2011. Abu Dhabi: National Bank of Abu Dhabi. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Claude Debussy. Images for Piano. Reflets dans l’eau Essay The plot of the first piece of Images , Reflets dans l’eau , suggests a pictorial rather than musical solution. The aesthetics of Impressionism considered it possible to blur clear lines between various types of art. The desire for sound recording, transmitting the murmur of water, requires an exquisite pedaling technique, the finest play of side tones, a lyrical touch, complex phonics of passages, and figurations. The composer deliberately avoids rough, “percussive” sonorities, suggesting that performers “forget that the piano has hammers.” There is subtle poetry in Reflets dans l’eau : the music depicts quiet splashes, the charming murmur of water jets, and in the end, some distant bell echoes. With the usual skill, the composer juxtaposes and replaces harmonic and modal colors (diatonic, chromatic, whole tone, etc.). The general tone of the music is marked by transparent sadness. The music lulls, although moments of uplift are inherent in it (the highest emotional culmination – sonorous and joyful – is given on the sound of an E-flat major triad). Soft chord tones define the character of this genuinely impressionistic soundscape. A feature of the composer’s musical language’s intonational nature is the frequent combination of pure diatonism with complex sounds of an increased scale. The variety of sound combinations is contained in the first eight bars of the piece. Immediately after this, complex chromatic alternations of discordant combinations appear so that after a few bars, they will be replaced by successions of pure quarts and fifths. One of the most significant features of Debussy’s music is sonic variety. It should constantly be in the field of vision of the performer (Walsh, 2018). The path to sound diversity, to multicolor, should mostly go through the acquisition of motor freedom and lightness through finger work. Speaking about Debussy’s piano texture, one should highlight its multi-layered nature, the phonic “illusion” of impressionistic writing (Walsh, 2018). The specificity of the piano, its percussiveness must be overcome. Therefore, when playing the first part of the piece, it is essential to pay attention to the bass. On its overtones, the line of the sixteenths of the right hand, drawing the water surface (smooth surface), is performed legato as close to the keyboard as possible, horizontally. The three-sounding motive, where a small dash at the top underlines these notes, is the first thematic grain. Some musicians believe that they should be played separately, while others are louder. The piece is marked with a note – Tempo rubato, which indicates a change in nuance and movement. The pedal in the work is textured and necessary. When pedaling, a performer needs to focus on the bass, which should be extended and at the same time sufficiently sonorous. Mixing of overtones creates a sharp color, and the resulting chromatic alternations create a different, more severe sound atmosphere. Voiced descending sixteenths in the upper register of the right hand are played slowly, showing the sun’s glare reflected in the water. Therefore, it is necessary to compare registers and find the corresponding “colors.” At the beginning of the second page, pure quarts and fifths meet each other from the extreme registers’ depths. This phrase should have one line without gaps or stumbling. It is necessary to build a general dynamic wave, gradually accelerating, as indicated by the composer. The transition to the new second theme is plastic, almost imperceptible. There are three sound planes in this construction: the orchestral “pedal” in the bass, figuration, and the middle voice. The texture should sound transparent, which depends primarily on the vertical distribution of sonority. It is necessary to continually work to ensure that the bass, despite the left hand’s constant transfers, is taken softly and calmly. The middle melody should have a slightly denser sound but with a completely soft and free hand. In the first theme’s reprise, the pianist’s right hand moves circularly, hinting at circles on the water. In the next episode (enanimant), the evening haze seems to spread. Arpeggios in the upper register splash, sparkle, fall like a veil of water. The second theme now sounds loud and sharp in the high register. In the process of purposeful development, it leads to a bright culmination. For the first time in the play, a pure tonic triad appears. It creates the effect of a sudden flash of light. Plunging all the weight into the keyboard for fortissimo, a performer needs to build a general phrase, as if feeling the movement forward. The pedal does not change during one harmony, and starting with ritenuto, it lasts for 3 bars. Arpeggiated passages in the left hand convey water splashes, the murmur of water, and at the same time envelop the main contours of the melody. The calm silence of nature reigns in the code. Here, it is required to listen carefully in harmony, overtones, with no rush. It is necessary to hold the left pedal throughout the entire code. With such a performance, the sound becomes more illusory. The ending is played on both pedals, without changing the right pedal – the sounds pass into one another, naturally resonating. The combination of these techniques and following the instructions of the composer allows performers to create an image of a living and mobile water. Reference Walsh, S. (2018). Debussy: A painter in sound. Faber & Faber. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Political Reformation in the Arab World Essay In his article, Diamond illustrates the political mayhem currently taking place in many nations of the Arab World. The current chaotic nature of these countries is because of political reformists that have sensitized the large mass of citizens about the significance of moving from dictatorial-type of ruling to democratic-type of governance. This document, therefore, critically analyzes these incidences and examines the causes and impacts of these occurrences in Arab world reformation, as illustrated in Diamond’s article. In the last few decades, most countries around the world have experienced major political revolts, all in a bid to oust tyrannical rulers, who have sunk their countries into havens of corruption, nepotism and other ills associated with bad governance. The revolts chiefly originated in Eastern Europe, where angry activists toiled hard, to uproot these autocratic rulers, and their regime of corruption and non-democracy. In the 1970s, for instance, countries such as Greece, Spain and Portugal had undergone this reformation and had transformed into democratically governed states. This phase was dubbed as the first wave of political transformation, with a shift from dictatorial rule to democracy. The second phases took place in Korea and Taiwan, with the Philippines following suit. The third occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where Muslim states took their frustrations to the streets to force out these leaders. Established political analysts around the world, now view the political mayhem happening in Arab world as a possible start of the fourth phase. Diamond also exemplifies how different leaders have been overthrown, paving way for democracy, examples being the Tunisian leader, and his Egyptian counterpart. Diamond, on one side, believes that the mass oppositions will bring liberation and end despotism in the concerned Arab countries (King 35). This is evident in countries such as Egypt, which is now headed for fresh elections that will bring in a new dawn of democracy (Ottaway and Amr 25). On the other hand, the article seems to differ with the protestors’ main call, arguing that they are now gradually petering out as they tyrant forces overpower them through intimidations, seizure and persecutions. As it is evident in Bahrain and Yemen, the law enforcers have retaliated by perpetrating violence to demonstrators, killing and injuring scores along the way. As a result, many have relented, negatively affecting their struggle for reformation. Based on this unending struggle for independence in most of the Arabian countries, it is safe to say that other unaffected countries such as Morocco and Jordan will use this as an example, thereby starting political upheavals in their nations as well. This will hence lead to the ultimate end of the long-lived tyrannical rule and institute a fair and democratic ruling regime. Conversely, if the protestors admit defeat in their struggle for liberation, the current tyrants will be more vigilant and strengthen their authority to fight any further opposition. This will in turn make it more difficult protestors to struggle for political overhaul. Currently, rulers of the nations unaffected by these civil disorders have taken new measures, in a bid to curb protests, but not necessarily to bring reform. The said leaders put up boards that studies reforms in governance, but they do not proceed to implement these reforms. Besides, the people are watchful and may as well revolt, on failure of reform implementation. It is also apparent that the older ruling styles of power inheritance are gradually losing ground, and are bound to fail if intervention through reform does not occur. Moreover, even if these governments defeat the reformists, their relief is only for a while, since more and more revolts will emerge. Such are the cases that have taken place in Libya and Syria. In addition, international players such as the US are also responsible in sensitizing the natives of these countries about the benefits democracy. On the other hand, the US and some European countries exacerbate the condition by supplying demonstrators with ammunitions. Numerous nations in the Arab region have experienced countless protests as reform advocates clash with the authorities, in an effort to bring democracy in these autocratic systems of ruling. In their struggle, they have undergone through strong opposition from the authorities, leading to many casualties, many of whom are innocent demonstrators. However, some have succeeded by ousting and prosecuting their leaders. Moreover, this trend seems to continue until the end of the tyrannical regime. Works Cited King, Stephen. The New Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa. Indiana, IN: Indiana University Press, 2009. Print. Ottaway, Marina, and Amr, Hamzawy. Getting to pluralism: political actors in the Arab world . Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Physical capital in Ruiz Construction Company Essay Table of Contents 1. Ruiz Construction Company 2. Company’s production process 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Physical capital refers to machinery, buildings, equipment and other tangible facilities used in the transformation processes. Production process utilizes inputs and converts them into outputs. Ideally, physical capital cannot convert inputs into outputs without additional supporting factors of production. Economically as noted by Gwartney et al., production process entails conversion of inputs such as labor, capital and raw materials into valuable products (54). According to Anon, physical capital is subjected to non-economic version of measurement (3). Essentially, the optimal point of physical capital is production of goods and services. Studies indicate that United States’ long run economic growth is largely contributed by the human capital, technology and the physical capital. Industries in the contemporary production depend on physical capital and technologies to increase production. Construction industry is one of key development initiatives that physical capital through machinery and technologies has impacted. Through research, economic application of the physical capital to the production processes in most vital industries provide a conclusion as to why some states are richer than others, and the significant sources of economic development (Anon, 5). Ruiz Construction Company is an example of a real company where physical capital has dominated the production process. Ruiz Construction Company Ruiz Construction Company is a family owned company and a recognized corporation of producing high quality services and products. It is a general building construction and has wide experience and expertise in engineering related works as well as estate development. The company specializes in structural construction, repairs, tunnel construction, installation of infrastructure, and general estate building. Investment in an economy is essentially the process of creating a free market system. Typically, investment can indicate the level of current capital stock, and capital stock in future. Construction companies result to physical development of the real estates in the United States. Modern construction companies are investing in physical capital since it is efficient and an effective way of producing quality products. Traditional methods of construction were labor intensive. Present technologies and innovativeness have encouraged utilization of physical capital resources in production (Anon, 10). The corporation growth is accelerated by the investment in technology and capital goods. A large percentage of corporation activities are capital intensive yielding to its efficiency and quality of products. Usually, aggregate inputs are subjected to capital intensity production process. Interestingly, the construction industry in United States is growing highly and substantially. The consequence of the growth and the competition makes companies to enhance strategies to provide a competitive advantage. Company’s production process Contractors are searching many technologies to achieve international standards of building. In United States, technology changes are highly impacting on the current building systems and process. For this purpose, companies such as Ruiz Construction Company are developing new processes and investing on capital intensity. The company production process entails building system technology, technical aspects, and managerial aspects, environmental aspects, laying out site, planning and product making. In addition, product making is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors range from customer’s request, inputs, technologies used and the construction process. Conclusion Issues related to human labor intensity in production is old an economic concept. Modern society has changed from labor intensity to capital intensity methods of production. Companies have adapted to growth oriented policies that are driven to capital creation and adoption. Exploring human capital and physical capital in construction industry is regarded as the order in value creation. In nut shell, physical capital intensity in production, especially in construction industry, increases economic growth and promote development sustainability. The current level of technology and improvement in physical capital creation with human capital endowment acts as an economy broadening factor. Works Cited Anon. (nd). Physical capital. How great places boost public value. Web. Gwartney, James, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, and David MacPherson. Economics: Private and Public Choice. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Thus Spoke Zarathustra Essay In the story, “ Thus Spoke Zarathustra ”, Friedrich develops a controversial character by the name Zarathustra. The character introduces his ideologies to members of his community upon returning from self-imposed exile in the wilderness. The concepts presented in the story reflect Friedrich’s personal beliefs and revolutionary ideas, especially on the ability to differentiate between good and evil. In the story, Zarathustra takes the role of a reformed and enlightened philosopher, who after having stayed in the wilderness for ten years, gains knowledge about morality, ethics and best practices recommended for all people. The paper makes an analysis of Zarathustra’s claims and ideologies, their implications towards conventional religions, and controversies surrounding his moral definitions. One of the significant elements asserted by Zarathustra is ‘overman’, a perfect state of being, which lies past the state of man. In his analysis, Zarathustra claims that man lies between the ‘overman’ and the animal state, but the ‘overman’ state is only achieved through desisting from all evil practices. In his advocacy for the ‘overman’, Zarathustra makes it clear that God is already dead and the only state within which humans should aspire to achieve is the ‘overman’. His claim that God is dead does not make him an atheist per se. In fact, he makes it clear that it is the lurking atheism, mediocrity and democracy in the world that he fears. Through his analysis of infinite time that holds finite matter, he fears the eternal recurrence, which he attributes to decadence in morality. Zarathustra is very specific about the contribution of religion to mediocrity, meekness and weak virtues. According to his newfound belief, religion promotes ideas that are not consistent with life, since it emphasizes on the existence of spirits and afterlife. Zarathustra claims that moral uprightness must be consistent with life dimensions and support the values and virtues within the understanding of man. Issues that go contrary to common life dimensions hinder humans from becoming an ‘overman’, a process that takes places in three stages. One of the first stages towards achieving the ‘overman’ state requires total and harsh self-discipline, coupled by renouncing of all forms of comfort like a camel does. Through self-discipline, humans generate resilience to differentiate between good and evil. The second stage requires humanity to declare their freedom boldly as the lion does, in order to enter the last stage of creativity and innocence of a child. Having successfully passed these three stages, Zarathustra claims that humans become ‘overmen’, with freedom and authority to set up personal values and live a perfect life. Zarathustra argues against religion, and in one instance, he cites three issues, which are highly condemned in most religions and especially Christianity, his most referenced religion. In his analysis of morally justified issues, Zarathustra cites sex, power and selfishness, and gives controversial statements in support of his controversial selection. Based on his newfound doctrine, Zarathustra claims that these three issues provide humanity with unconditioned satisfaction. It is within these three issues that humans generate the will to live, to co-exist with each other, and to evaluate their personal success. The story brings about a revolutionary approach to life by provoking social and moral limits of achieving personal goals. By using Zarathustra’s statements, Friedrich brings into focus the implication of beliefs and practices in realizing a satisfactory life. Although the author seems to satirically, refer to and match Zarathustra with Christianity excerpts, like Jesus in the wilderness for forty days, and the last supper, he seems troubled by the lurking spiritless eternal recurrence. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A Play “Topaz” by Marcel Pagnol Analytical Essay It is difficult for an honest man to live in a corrupt world. This is the premise of Marcel Pagnol’s play entitled Topaze. An honest man in a corrupt world is like a fish out of water. In the said play the protagonist adhered to a set of values that are alien to the people that have adapted to a belief system that was rooted in corruption (Pagnol 10). If this is the case, then, the future looks bleak for those who aspire to follow the right path. It is therefore important to answer the query with regards to the difficulty of living in a corrupt world. However, a closer reading of the play will reveal that Pagnol did not write about the difficulty of living in a corrupt world, instead, he focused on the difficulty of attaining success. An honest man is an alien in a corrupt world. He possesses values that are counter-intuitive to a corrupt man. This can be seen in the early part of the story wherein the reader is cautioned about the foolishness of seeking after immoral gain (Pagnol 9). In the case of the protagonist named Topaze, he was naive enough to believe that the world he lived in shared his values (Popkin 164). His name symbolizes a precious stone in the midst of useless decaying matter. Corruption in its basic form means something is unable to survive till the end. A piece of meat left in open air cannot see the end of the week because the decomposing flesh is consumed by elements of decay. A precious stone on the other hand is precious not only because of its beauty but its staying power. Thus, a corrupt man may enjoy the trappings of wealth but unable to enjoy the true meaning of life. The rich man in the play wore beautiful clothes but endures the pain of a broken family (Pagnol 15). The wife of the wealthy patriarch possesses all the fine things that money can buy but goes home to an empty house because her husband spends the majority of his time with his mistress. The author said that it is better to suffer evil rather than to enjoy the fruits of immoral actions (Pagnol 9). An honest man may not be able to afford gold and diamonds but he can go home to a family that loves him. He can enjoy life with a wife that treats him with respect. In addition, an honest man can produce children that treat him with respect. There is one thing that can be expected in the life of a corrupt man and that is to replicate the same manner of thinking through his children (Pagnol 10) Consider for instance the way the son of the rich man tried to manipulate the system as he desired to achieve academic excellence without putting in real effort in his studies (Pagnol 11). Going back to the query regarding honesty, one can argue that an honest man can live in a corrupt world. However, it is difficult to attain success. Topaze can survive in a corrupted world, but he found out that it is impossible to succeed (Pagnol 139). There is a big difference between the idea of survival and success. Survival means the ability to live in a society with just the bare essentials. It is living in constant worry that there may not be enough food for the family. It is a life without assurance of permanent shelter and access to healthcare. This is illustrated through the transformation of Topaze from a poor teacher to a man of wealth and power (Pagnol 135). A successful person on the other goes beyond survival. He and his family enjoy privileges that are inaccessible to other people Success is understood as the accumulation of wealth and everything that goes with it. Success is the capability to provide comfort for the family. Success means the assurance of access to solutions for almost every conceivable need. This was illustrated by the evidence of accumulated wealth when Topaze displayed the fruits of his labor like an office with all the trappings of power and titles that speak about his status in the community (Pagnol 183). Nevertheless, Topaze’s life was also an example of the price that has to be paid in terms of exchanging a happy and peaceful life with one that is full of stress and inner turmoil (Pagnol 141). A successful person provides all these things. But a poor man does not have access to resources that enables him to attain success. As a result there is great temptation to bend the rules and sometimes to break them in order to accumulate wealth that leads to success. At the end Topaze succumbed to the temptation because he could not resist not only the charm of wealth but the beauty of women (Pagnol 183). In the end Topaze was not only seduced by wealth but also by the charms of a seductress (Pagnol 183). Thus, it can be said that an honest man can live in a corrupt world but it would be very difficult for him to find success. Conclusion The play entitled Topaze seems to argue that an honest man cannot live in a corrupt world. But a closer reading of the play will reveal that an honest man can live in a corrupt world but will find it difficult to attain success. The difficulty lies in his decision not to violate the principles instilled in his mind and heart. Although an honest man may not find success, he can survive in a corrupt world. Nevertheless, he may find it extremely difficult to remain honest for long. Works Cited Pagnol, Marcel. Topaze . Paris: Aux Grandes, 1930. Print. Popkin, Debra. Modern French Literature . MI: Ungar Press, 1977. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Family Nursing Professional Roles and Values Coursework Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Expertise and devotion are very important in any human undertaking and the nursing process as a profession; where in this case the delivery of the best medical services to the society will be enhanced. With regard to this case, the cooperation of nurses and the appropriate delegation of roles within the clinic are very essential within the nursing service. Further, in this case, there is the need for competence within the nurses’ duties so as to ensure maximum benefit to their clients. Based on the fact that there is a diverse workforce within the clinics, the nursing supervisor is bound to use delegation qualities in ensuring harmony and efficiency within the nursing process. Further, the nursing career has a framework of set rules and regulations, which must be adhered to by all nurses in order to ensure the delivery of quality services to the patients (Kidd, 2002). Discussion The family nurse practitioner gives medical assistance and counseling to the family setup and individuals within their different areas of practice. In order to utilize the diverse workforce available within the clinic, the FNP should first develop a friendship with his/her colleagues so as to encourage the development of teamwork. In this case, clinics have different employees who perform different tasks; which calls for respect and understanding among the workers so as to ensure efficiency within the process of serving the patients. Further, the FNP can become effective by establishing an understanding of the varied needs of their clients which may be psychological, emotional or physical. Additionally, the different clientele within the society have varied needs depending on their gender, age and marital status among others; with regard to which in this case professionalism is important in the administration (Kidd, 2002). Another point to be noted is that the FNP can use their varied workforce within the clinic to meet the needs of their clients; which in this case is possible through the utilization of the varied talents and skills of the diverse workforce available at the clinic. The FNP in this case should adequately consider the importance of teamwork in defining their roles, which in this case will avoid conflicts within the sharing of roles within the clinic. Further, the existence of varied health problems leads to different attention needs to be given to the clients; whereby in this case the nurses undergo different courses within their training thus leading to specialization and division of labor (Kidd, 2002). On the other hand, the delegation of roles is a very technical undertaking which needs professionalism. From another point of consideration, the ANA has a well stipulated set of rules and regulations which must be followed by all nursing practitioners. The delegation of roles among the nurses should also be guided by their areas of specialization and the different tasks to be performed within the nursing profession. Another point to be noted is that, some situations like the emergent inflow of patients with critical injuries will require the nursing supervisor to delegate roles more efficiently; in order to deal with the calamity in question. Further, the nursing supervisor should ensure adherence to the ANA code of conduct so as to ensure harmony within nursing process, and the delivery of quality medical services (Kidd, 2002). In the move to come up with an appropriate staffing plan, the FNP has to consider a number of factors which include the population to be served and the available resources. Moreover, enough staffing is essential for the delivery of quality services; which in this case ensures a proper balance between clients and the nursing practitioners. In this case, the health of the patients should be given the first priority, thus the need to ensure the recruitment of well trained nurses. Further, in order to arrive at a good staffing plan, the FNP should use patients’ records and also population statistics in order to plan for the medical requirements within the given clinic (Kidd, 2002). Further, the need for devotion and competence is inevitable to the FNP; where in this case the situations that need a sophisticated attention and professionalism may call for outside consultation. In addition, internal administrative conflicts may sometimes call for outside consultation, which will help in arriving at a consensus. From another point of consideration, the hierarchy of power and responsibility is essential for the realization of harmony during the delegations of duties; where in this case the nursing supervisor is accountable for the delegation of roles. Additionally, good leadership skills help the nursing supervisor to know how to monitor and control the nurses; thus ensuring the delivery of quality services (Kidd, 2002). Conclusion Based on the discussion it is clear that family nursing practitioners play an important role within the society, where in this case the cooperation of the government and the public is very essential in order to make the work of the FNP more efficient. Additionally, the spirit of teamwork should be adequately addressed in the endeavors of attaining efficiency within the nursing process. Further, a proper training and adherence to the ANA code of conduct is very important in enhancing the improvement of human health service provision. Reference Kidd, P., Robinson, D. & Kish, C. (2002). Family Nurse Practitioner Certification Review . New York: Mosby Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Working Darkly and Beautifully at the Bottom of Our Game Research Paper Eileen Joy is a successful author and editor as she has achieved a lot in her profession. She has created numerous works, and, more importantly, helped other people to achieve their goals and make their dreams come true. Nonetheless, Joy does not feel successful. She believes she could achieve much more. She stresses that she knows she could read and write more books, she could spend more time with the people she loves; she could help more people with their dreams (Joy, 2013). It is possible to note that Joy is too demanding and critical when it comes to her achievements. She has loads of ideas and projects, but she is unable to bring all of them to life as she is a mere mortal. She understands that and brings quite a surprising but very valuable point to the fore. The author states that people should be ready to fail to meet their own goals as well as other people’s expectations. Joy (2013) claims that people may fail to do some task on time or be somewhere at a particular point. However, this should not be a reason for bitter criticism or blame. The author stresses that those people are likely to criticize themselves. They already make some moments of their life unbearable as they worry about some unaccomplished tasks. The author makes readers understand that being positive is the most effective way to be happy and achieve a lot. Reading Joy’s article made me understand that I have quite a correct attitude towards some areas of human life. Of course, I have spent hours, days, or even months worrying about something I failed to accomplish. For example, I often think I could write a great novel, but I fail to achieve this goal. This makes me feel really unsuccessful. As to achieving other smaller goals, I can boast about my being punctual and rather successful in many endeavors. I am always on time and ready with my tasks. Thus, I can say that I am almost a successful person when it comes to short-term goals while I am rather a failure when it comes to some strategic points. However, I know that positive thinking is the key to people’s success. Hunt (2016) notes that being positive can help people focus on their goals and find ways to achieve them. Joy’s arguments were also really helpful. Her ideas concerning letting people down are quite intriguing. I may worry and even be angry about people’s carelessness or inability to complete some tasks especially if I need those things to be done. However, I know that criticism will not help in solving problems. It is necessary to let go. However, apart from that, it is crucial to make sure that all tasks to be done are assigned to people who are capable of completing them. I have a bright illustration of the way to address such issues. One of my friends is never on time. He often fails to help me with something rather important to me. Sometimes I felt offended and really angry. Nonetheless, the article helped me understand an important thing. My friend misses out on many things as we have so much fun trying to cope with problems. Besides, I know that he often feels down as he contemplates his failures. He is his own hangman, and I should not worry about punishing him. References Hunt, M. (2016). Happiness and success: Evidence-based strategies for success . Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Joy, E. (2013). Working darkly and beautifully at the bottom of our game: Failing, fragility, and making things . | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Specifically, anti-capitalism is an ideology that can polarize those who know economic systems. Anti-capitalists are opposed to what is championed by capitalists. While capitalism advocates control of a nation’s trade and profits by private entities instead of by persons who invest their labor and time in corporations, anti-capitalism champions the exact opposite. In America, for instance, more than 50% of persons aged between 21 and 32 have been skeptical about retirement savings since they think that that capitalism will have collapsed by the time they retire. Thus, the younger generations are most likely to be polarized by the ideology of anti-capitalism, which is a divisive issue, since they are opposed to the idea of a few individuals in society controlling trade and wealth (Eden, 2016). Relatively young generations are the risk populations, and they could be radicalized to believe that capitalism is unfair; thus, it should be abolished. In other words, they are radicalized to hold the view that the majority in society remain impoverished because the outcomes of their hard work are enjoyed by a few wealthy companies and people. Eden (2016) and Heywood (2017) argue that one of the most popular strategies the risk populations utilize to elevate their position is violence, which they view can be the best approach to making those in leadership listen to their protests and change what they think is unfair. However, if they use violence, they may harm people and destroy infrastructure. Some human injuries might lead to death or permanent disabilities. In this context, violence can be viewed as an unacceptable way to protest. From a policymaker’s perspective, I would propose legislation to handle the economic conditions that are likely to polarize risk populations. It is critical to state that the bill would intend to provide solutions to end the perennial loss of economic strength of the majority in society; thus, solving the issue of inequality. I would propose four key solutions in the legislation. First, corporations should distribute their wealth to the people because they are the ones devoting their time and energy to enable business establishments to realize huge profits. Second, there should be reductions in taxation because the majority of people in society feel that they are overburdened by the amounts of tax they pay to the state. Third, companies that do not equally share their incomes with the people should face heavy fines or even closure if they are found to disobey the law perpetually. Fourth, the state should save for the retirement of its citizens because many think that their funds are misused by the government and might not help them during their sunset days. The proposed solutions would improve the economic conditions of the risk populations in several ways. First, they would feel that they belong to a just society that institutes fair strategies of sharing its wealth. Second, they would be empowered to work hard for corporations since they would equally benefit from their annual incomes. Third, since the majority would be too busy working for corporations, they would hardly have time to engage in protests to claim economic equality (Miller, 2015). References 1. Eden, D. (2016). Autonomy: Capitalism, class and politics . New York, NY: Routledge. 2. Heywood, A. (2017). Political ideologies: An introduction . New York, NY: Macmillan International Higher Education. York, NY: Routledge. 3. Miller, E. (2015). Anticapitalism or Postcapitalism? Both!. Rethinking Marxism , 27 (3), 364-367. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Religion in Julie Orringer’s Short Stories Essay Julie Orringer is an accomplished literary genius whose themes are substantially different from those of other writers. In her short stories book, How to Breath Underwater , she explores a part of life that is ignored by many writers- childhood. She shows how young girls struggle in their childhoods trying to cope with their parents, win appreciation from boys, learn to deal with jealousy among them, learn religious matters etcetera. Religion is the thematic focal point in almost all of Orringer’s stories. In this essay, we look at the role of religion in the stories, Station of the cross and The Smoothest Way Is Full of Stones . In Stations of the Cross , Orringer portrays religious awareness in her characters. Even the young girls had a ‘religious consciousness’ that led them in their day-to-day activities. In her childhood, Lila meets her best friend, Carney whose world was filled with religious artifacts and evidence. For instance, she gave Lila a picture of Jesus carrying the cross; she even took Veronica as her middle name after Saint Veronica. She says that Carney “seemed a little awed by the fact that I had come from New Orleans, a city she’d heard to be full of sinners …” (Orringer, 2005, p. 202). Lila’s mother forbade Lila from talking ill of her Aunt Marian with the fear that they would judge her. In this non-Jewish community, everybody was Catholic. Lila felt displaced and was not supportive of the actions of her friend Carney. This was primarily because her actions were mostly wrong, like her derogative talk about her black cousin, and also because her friend was a Catholic. This story also explores the stage of adolescence and relates this stage with the effects of mixing adolescence with religious activities. In this book, Orringer portrays a deep understanding of the intricacies of childhood social life and psychology. She narrates the childhood period of Lila in a way that portrays the social and religious richness of childhood (Orringer, 2005, pp. 196-209). In The Smoothest Way Is Full of Stones , Rebecca spends her summer with her cousin Esty and her family as her mother recovers from an infection, depression, and the death of her infant son. During the period, she finds herself appreciating the religious diversity of Jews and developing sexual awareness. The latter was motivated by a sexually explicit book that comes their way, Rebecca and Esty. She finds that the family is deeply established in Jewish Hasidism. Being an ordinary Jew, Rebecca faces a lot of challenges in trying to observe religious rituals with her Uncle’s family. There is also evidence of religious beliefs like the part when Dovid touches Rebecca. The writer says that Rebecca knew that “… as an orthodox Jew, he was not supposed to touch any other woman who is not his mother or sister …” (Orringer, 2005, p. 98). The story is filled with religious rituals characteristic of Hasidism. For instance, shortly before Rebecca leaves her aunt’s residence, she is told of the milkveh, a monthly cleansing of women after menstruation. There is also the Havdalah which is a recital of blessings etcetera. The story ends with Esty responding to the sexual feelings aroused by the explicit book (Orringer, 2005, pp. 91-103). Evidently, Julie Orringer’s How to Breath Underwater is full of religious beliefs, rituals, and customs in its short stories. Stations of the Cross and The Smoothest Way is Full of Stones show the deep passion Orringer has in integrating religion in her work. In the communities described by these two stories, religion touches every realm of living; social, cultural, sexual, ethics etcetera. Thus Orringer appreciates religion as an integral part of life. Reference Orringer, J. (2005). How to Breath Underwater . U.K. Berkshire. AwesomeBooks. Orringer, J. (2005). Stations of the Cross . In J. Orringer, How to Breath Underwater. Berkshire, U. K.: AwesomeBooks. Orringer, J. (2005). The Smoothest Way is Full of Stones . In J. Orringer, How to Breath Underwater . Berkshire, UK: AwesomeBooks. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Nisa” by Marjorie Shostak Essay African tribes are very unusual and difficult to percept for us. African people live their own lives, they have their own traditions and customs. The vision of the life of African people is absolutely different from ours. Modern people who live in the civilized world cannot understand how it is to live in a place where there are absolutely no modern conditions for life. Modern people cannot imagine their lives without hot and cold water from faucets, bathrooms with perfect conditions, and other conditions without which life is impossible for every person who lives in the civilized world. African people live in their worlds and do not know other lives. The book “Nisa: the life and words of a !Kung woman” by Marjorie Shostak is a story-telling about Nisa, her life, and the life of other African people in their separate world. The main contribution of the book is that it tells us about the style of life of African people, about their rituals and traditions by the very participant of that life, not by the side viewer. Marjorie Shostak spent a lot of time getting acquainted with the traditions of the life of African people, to learn their language to be able to understand what African people are talking about. The story is told by the Nisa, a !Kung woman of the tribe, and Marjorie Shostak had written down all the stories she was telling. The introduction of a book is rather long (for about 40 pages) and has great value. The introduction gives us the understanding that we are absolutely different from African people, that our moral rules are different and it predetermine absolutely different way of life and behavior. Let me give one example from the book for you to understand what I am talking about. Nisa was stealing food in her childhood. This is inadmissible in our world, in our life, and we may think that Nisa was not so good person as Marjorie Shostak wanted to tell us. But after reading introduction we would understand that there was nothing personal in the African tribes. People did not understand the taking of other people things as stealing. Everything was common. This understanding of life is rather unusual and in some ways may be even inadmissible for us, but it is the description of the life of other people with absolutely different understanding of life. The given example explains why it is very important to read the introduction before reading the very stories of Nisa. Introduction inserts us in the world where Nisa lives, gives us the understanding that there are absolutely different rules of life in African tribes and our vision of life cannot be used while evaluating the actions and the thoughts of African people. The whole book consists of different chapters which divide the stories of Nisa according to their topics, to the themes they belong to. In spite of this division, the story-telling is not organized step by step as it should be. The chapter “Earliest memories” tells us about the Nisa’s childhood, her remembering about it. As we know the remembering may be rather confused and mingled. The same is in the Nisa’s telling about her early ears of life. Looking on the contents, we may make a conclusion that the topics choice for the book was not by chance. I am inclined to think, that Marjorie Shostak tired to put such topics in the book which could represent us, the readers the difference between our life and the life of Africa people. “Family life”, “Trial marriages”, “Discovering sex”, “Taking lovers”, “A healing rituals” are some names of the chapters of the book. These chapters inform us about the specific way of life of people with different traditions. Reading this book we, civilized people, get to know about the life of people which is absolutely strange and unknown for us. Marjorie Shostak wanted to show us the difference between these two worlds, which appear to exist in one time and the difference between which seems to be in thousand years. Marjorie Shostak had chosen Nisa as the story-teller of the African tribes’ lives not by chance. Nisa is a !Kung woman. We get to know from the book what does it mean. We read in the book, “!Kung women assume roles of great practical importance, both in family and in the economy. They have maximum influence over decisions…” (Shostak and Nisa 1990-238). I suppose this was the main reason why Marjorie Shostak had chosen Nisa as a story-teller. People, who have some power or influence in the world, are aware of more information. Marjorie Shostak’s book comprises not only the information about traditions and style of life of African people but also the spirit of African people, their understanding of life, their vision of the world which is absolutely different from the vision of world of civilized people. The telling from the African person is much more valuable than the telling of the person who just looks from the side. The vision from inside is always more valuable. The life of African people is rather strange for us, and this is the reason to get to know more about them. Reference List Shostak, Marjorie and Nisa. Nisa: the life and words of a !Kung woman. Earthscan, 1990. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Hatshepsut’s Leadership and Accomplishments Essay Introduction Historically, Hatshepsut was the second female pharaoh who lived between the years 1507 and 1458 BC (Dell 22). She was the leader of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt and ruled with the help of the two-year old Thutmose III. In ancient dynasties, women had an inferior status and were not allowed to hold leadership roles. However, Hatshepsut became pharaoh and challenged the belief that only men were fit to rule dynasties. Her ascent to leadership was a great achievement because the notion of a female ruler was repulsive to the Egyptians. Her reign of twenty years was not revered by the Egyptians who obliterated all her memories. Her major achievements as pharaoh included growing the economy and commissioning numerous building projects. Accomplishments Hatshepsut was an influential pharaoh because of the changes she brought during her 20-year rule. Her major accomplishments included economic development, the creation of a large army, establishment of trade routes, and commissioning of numerous building projects (Dell 32). Economic Development One of the changes that took place after Hatshepsut became pharaoh was rapid economic growth (Sova 48). The growth originated from the expansion of trading relations and sea-borne expeditions (Jordan 42). Hatshepsut established trade routes that had previously been disrupted during the Second Intermediate Period. These trade routes were useful in the creation of the Eighteenth Dynasty’s wealth. She oversaw and funded a trading expedition to Punt that included five large ships and more than 200 hundred men (Sova 49). The expedition brought many goods from Pun including myrrh, frankincense, gold, animal skins, and myrrh trees. After the expedition, the pharaoh conducted several raiding expeditions that played a critical role in boosting the economy. Building Projects Hatshepsut was a prolific builder in Ancient Egypt who launched several building projects to repair the damages done by the Hyskos. She built magnificent temples, renovated her father’s hall, built a chapel, and constructed a mortuary temple at Deir el Bahri (Jordan 51). The temple was described as one of the most beautiful temples in Egypt because its walls were covered by a painting that chronicled the expedition to Punt. The images on the wall included the large ships that were used during the expedition and a marching army (Warburton 77). Hatshepsut is credited with the commissioning and completion of major building projects such as temples and chapels. For instance, she funded and oversaw the construction of two large obelisks at the Temple of Karnak (Kramer 53). One of them still stands in contemporary Egypt and reminds them of the reign of Hatshepsut. She also renovated the Precinct of Mut at Karnak after it was damaged by the Hyksos in about 1650 BC (Scott 82). The Precinct represented the great goddess of Egypt and it was later ravaged by other pharaohs who used the materials to supply other projects. She also constructed so many statues that some of them are available today in various museums around the world that display Ancient Egyptian artifacts (Sova 55). Hatshepsut also commissioned and funded the Karnak’s Red Chapel project. The chapel was sentimental to her because she lined it with stones that represented the most important events in her life (Kramer 58). Her 16 th year as pharaoh was celebrated with the construction of two more obelisks in her honor. One of the obelisks disintegrated during construction and was transformed into a quarry site. Hatshepsut also built the Temple of Pakhet and the Djeser-Djeseru (Scott 82). Great Leadership It was rare for a woman to ascend the throne during Ancient Egypt. However, Hatshepsut became the pharaoh and ruled for twenty years. Historians have describes her as a wise ruler who brought numerous economic changes to Egypt. She was able to recover valuable artifacts and precious metals that had been looted from the dynasty during raids before she ascended to power (Scott 101). In addition, she built more magnificent buildings that any of her predecessors. Her accomplishments were proof of her wisdom and great ability as a pharaoh. Compared to other female rulers, the reign of Hatshepsut was more prosperous (Jordan 63). In addition, it was longer. During the early years of her reign, she successfully conquered other armies that attacked her dynasty (Warburton 79). In later years, she changed her tactics and encouraged peaceful relations with other dynasties. Her strategy of avoiding war and making peace with other dynasties facilitated the re-establishment of trading relationships that improved Egypt’s economic prosperity (Scott 122). Her ambitious building projects raised the standards of Ancient Egyptian architecture to classical levels. Conclusion Hatshepsut was one of the most accomplished pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. She created a large army, grew the economy of Egypt tremendously, commissioned numerous building projects, and established peace and trading relationships with other dynasties. I feel that Hatshepsut defied the odds and traditions of Ancient Egypt by becoming a pharaoh and showed the world that a woman could rule and accomplish greatly like male pharaohs. I also feel that the pharaoh system played a key role in the development and the placement of Egypt as one of the countries of the world with a rich history. Works Cited Dell, Pamela. Hatshepsut: Egypt’s First Female Pharaoh . Capstone, 2008. Jordan, Shirley. Hatshepsut: First Female Pharaoh . Teacher Created Materials, 2007. Kramer, Charlotte. Rebel Pharaoh: Hatshepsut Unveiled . Xlibris Corporation, 2011. Scott, Emmet. Hatshepsut, Queen of Sheba . Algora Publishing, 2012. Sova, Evelyn. Hatshepsut: Queen to King . Page Publishing Inc, 2015. Warburton, David. Architecture, Power, and Religion: Hatshepsut, Amun, & Karnak in Context . LIT Verlag Munster, 2012. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Ecology of the Family Essay The article “The Ecology of the Family” discusses the development of a child in relation to its psychology and social orientation. Prior to the last two decades, the child’s development had always been put under scrutiny. The approach that societies and authorities have been using to analyze child development has been primarily focused on the psychology of the child. It was considered the main contributing factor to the outcome of child development. This method of study has been progressively viewed as narrow and too concentrated for research purposes. In the last twenty years of study, child development has metamorphosed into a broad field where a child is seen to be developing under influence of a broad spectrum of environmental factors. Development is now considered to be affected by institutions such as marriage, the state of family cohesiveness, and the broader community in which the family is incorporated. The community may include other institutions such as schools, churches and people who interact with the child in these places. This social approach coupled with the concentrated psychological approach, creates a comprehensive scheme which is the ecological approach. Article Critique The article mainly discusses the changes that the study of development of a child has undergone. The research of the author shows a bidirectional relationship between a child and the developmental ecology, and avoids one way perspective. It shows that a child has an effect on its ecology. The author articulates evidence that favors a combined social and psychological study for more accurate results. A fair argument in the article is that studying psychological state of a child alone may not be adequate, and may present inaccurate enumeration of all factors involved in development of an individual. The article in question explores the role of the family and the community in which the family thrives in a child’s development. However, the article fails to examine the cardinal role that schools and other institutions play in an individual’s development. The said peripheral institutions constitute the larger part of a child’s environment. Apart from the very initial stages of development, the family may not play a significant role in the ecology of a child especially in later stages, and only acts as a governing factor which determines the exterior environment to which the child is exposed. The education system to which an individual is subjected to has be studied at length in order for one to get the true picture of a child’s ecology. The article fails to adequately explain the role of the education system in the developmental ecology. Detail such as a child’s circle of friends, relationship with teachers, and attitude towards education are not thoroughly explored. The education structure which defines the material that is availed to the child in school has not been explicitly investigated. Involvement of teachers and other professional personnel who affect growth of a child has also not been adequately investigated. The author of the article dwells primarily on the involvement of parents in academic development of a child, and this seems to relate more closely to family than to school and education. The article explores the effect of psychological state and social environment on child development, but does not exhaust the details of all components of development ecology. Otherwise, the article successfully pushes the main agenda through. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Theories and Fundamentals of Protocol and Diplomacy Report Introduction It is necessary to note that the role of influence and networking has been increasing over the years, and the techniques used are much more advanced than they used to be in the past. It is important to be aware of which approaches should be used in particular situations, and prompt decisions are also valuable. Understanding of these concepts is crucial because the knowledge can be used to analyze situations related to diplomacy and can be applied in the workplace. Discussion The first principle suggests that it is imperative to establish long-term relationships to have an influence on the decisions that individuals and organizations make. The approach is appropriate because a well-developed network of partners could be useful in case of emergency. However, it is important to select trustworthy individuals and organizations and be careful when disclosing vital information. The second principle is focused on the establishment of coalitions. It is hard to argue with the importance of this concept because it can be seen from history that groups of people and organizations are much more influential, and the decisions that they make may have an enormous impact on many regions all over the world. Relationships between the countries are paramount because such coalitions could address global issues that may affect the economy. According to the third principle of networking, it may be reasonable to consider collaboration with competitors. This concept is rather intriguing because it is not an easy task to predict the consequences of such actions and many companies would be hesitant when signing agreements. It is necessary to ensure that such relationships are beneficial to both sides to avoid conflicts and disagreements. The fourth principle suggests that it is important to assess the situation in the region and possible consequences of decisions associated with diplomacy. All of the pros and cons should be evaluated because it could damage the relationships and an ability to influence partners. Differences between the cultures and traditions also should be taken into account during negotiations. The impact of influence on public relations (PR), diplomacy, and marketing should not be overlooked according to the fifth principle. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of this ability to gain a competitive advantage because other companies may be able to influence policies and gain a favorable position in the market. Furthermore, it should be one of the central aspects that affect the business strategy. The last principle is one of the most important and needs to be discussed. It is suggested that it is necessary to devote attention to proactive activities because the ability to influence others may be reduced if an individual or a company is passive. A reactive approach is not appropriate in such situations because it leads to a broad range of issues and complications. Also, goals and objectives must be well-defined. It will be much easier to keep track of the progress if they are aligned with the overall strategy. Conclusion In summary, it is possible to state that the understanding of these six principles is crucial to a professional in this area. He or she must be able to analyze the situation, apply the concepts, and come up with a best possible solution. Most of the aspects of protocol and diplomacy are addressed, but one should not disregard the fact that other internal and external factors are also critical. Overall, it is suggested that it is beneficial to be proactive and focus on the development of relationships and coalitions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Misinterpreted role of the media Essay An Editorial Essay The most powerful tool that an individual can have to ensure quick solution of a problem is information. All our daily undertakings that contribute to the overall social, political, and economic development at local, national, and international levels depend on how well we are informed of the emerging issues (Stadler, Para. 2). Thus, media houses have a key role in promoting development, and should be given necessary freedom to deliver their services effectively. However, if control is not given over the operation of the media houses, then their intended purpose may be abused. This has often created conflicts in some countries. In the article entitled “School Discipline Coverage in Australian Newspapers: Impacts on Public Perceptions, Educational Decisions and Policy”, Fields examines the roles that media plays in shaping a country. As Fields (4) argues, it is indeed true that much of the information that an individual possesses and was not given in school is obtained from the media houses. We get the information from the newspapers, radios, and television. Presently, there is a variety of online media outlets. In as much as we might challenge media outlets for exaggerating or giving false information, the public also needs to take an initiative of establishing validity of the statement(s) that come out of the outlets. Quite often, we have seen media houses withdrawing certain statements. This usually follows a suit by an informed individual who was either victimized by such a statement, or just acting in a neutral capacity to prevent possible consequences of the statement. Being a business organization, a media house may rush into an issue prematurely to capture much audience. While this is contrary to the professional ethics, the public has to understand such cases and make informed judgments. The issue of discipline among students in school should be a point of concern for every educational stakeholder. Teachers and parents are the key players in ensuring that students are shaped into the right individuals in the society. In addition, culture that is developed in the society will help shape the behavior of the students (Stadler, Para. 10). There are programmes in the media houses that can influence behavior of students positively or negatively. Here, parents and teachers are better placed to identify and let the student access programmes that are beneficial to them. Besides, the article portrays media presenters as having little or no knowledge at all in Statistics. However, owing to the nature of the career that could land an individual into the field of journalism, incorporating deep study of statistical procedures would simply lower the overall quality of the journalism. Usually, figures that they report alongside their implication to the public should come straight from the source of such information. For instance, the interpretation of the figures concerning population of a country should be done by the officials from the National Bureau of Statistics or any other agency charged with the responsibility. An integrated system should then be adopted that expands coverage of the media sector (Center for Democracy and Governance, Para. 7). Moreover, it should be noted that, while informing the public, estimates and approximation used by the media are sufficient. Exact figures need to be used by the implementers. Some criticisms about the figures given by media houses are often misguided. However, the critiques given by Berliner and Builder in Fields’s article may not have a firm basis. Public schools are known to be less expensive compared to private schools; thus, most students can afford attending such schools, causing congestion. To make the matters worse, availability of limited resources does lead to poor performance in the public schools. If the media reports the same, then it is accused of falsifying information to serve the interest of some eminent persons in the country. The public should be aware of the role of the media, who will be just a whistleblower. Before taking any further steps, more information needs to be sought in order to build confidence in the action. The public need to identify the different items contained in the news broadcasts, while an analyst’s opinion should not be considered as the truth. Works Cited Center for Democracy and Governance. “The role of media in democracy: A strategic approach.” Center for Democracy and Governance. Washington, D.C: Technical Publication Series. 1999. 09 February 2011. https://www.usaid.gov/ Fields, Barry. School Discipline Coverage in Australian Newspaper: Impact on Public Perceptions, Educational Decisions, and Policy . Toowoomba: University of Southern Queensland, Australia. N.d. 09 February 2011. https://www.aare.edu.au/ Stadler, Jane. “Role of the Mass Media in Education and Poverty Eradication.” Role of the Mass Media in Education and Poverty Eradication . Queensland: University of Queensland. N.d. 09 February 2011. http://www.hsrc.ac.za/en | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Higher Order Learning Teaching and Assessment Strategies Essay High-order thinking skills are an essential tool that allows a person to do well in the academic and professional environment. To develop and assess these skills in high school history classroom, it is possible to use rubrics as a scoring guide for the teacher and as an explanation for the students of what is expected from them. High order thinking is of crucial importance in history, for merely remembering events from the past and mechanically recalling them is often of little use. Simply understanding them (that is, accepting the interpretation provided for the student) is also not enough; it does little to develop the learner. Students need to be able to analyze texts and evaluate them, so as to be able to see e.g. the many-sidedness of numerous events in the society more objectively. Thus, it is crucial to apply high order thinking strategies in history lessons, especially if the lessons are given to 9-12 grades students. Even though the understanding of key concepts and interpretation of events is challenging, these learners are mature enough to be able to realize the many-sidedness of historical events (Bulgren, Deshler, & Lenz, 2007). It is even more essential to teach them high-order thinking because for some of them these lessons may be their last chance to learn these strategies and use them in the academic environment, whereas others need to be prepared to use these skills in their further education. High order thinking strategies do much to improve both the quality of the instruction and the achievements of the students. Using these strategies stimulates the teacher to present different points of view on a given problem and look for methods to engage students in the learning process. Students, on the other hand, will be much more interested and involved in the lesson if they are given various points of view and if the multi-sidedness of events is shown to them, rather than when they are simply made to remember a set of facts. Applying rubrics to assess students provides them with additional feedback and gives them a clearer understanding of what they are expected to do to complete an assignment. For the teacher, they serve as a scoring guide (Mertler, 2001). Holistic rubrics provide students with the basic picture of the quality expectations, but the amount of feedback may be too little. On the other hand, analytical rubrics give much more detailed explanation of what the students’ work should look like, but they are much more voluminous, which makes it time-consuming for the teacher to create and use them; in addition, some students may not even read them due to their size. Use of higher-order thinking strategies also allows the teacher to develop more effective assessments of students’ skills. They can serve as guiding criteria for the teacher to formulate what is to be expected from the student, permitting the educator to more clearly see how well the learner uses thinking skills. By using the Bloom’s revised taxonomy (Krathwohl, 2002, p. 215), it is possible to create criteria for a rubric to assess a written assignment. Let us consider a simple example. If a student merely retells the events from a book, and the text is incoherent, they gain 1 point; if the text is coherent (that is, the student apparently understands the materials), they obtain 2 points. If the student applies the data and analyzes the events, successfully classifies them, they receive 3-4 points. If the student evaluates events, providing their own judgments and arguing for one of the positions given in the literature, they get 5 points. If they create their own interpretation that somewhat differs from what is given in the sources, they get 6 points for the assignment. To sum up, high-order thinking is important for a person, and developing them in the history class gives students a powerful mental tool. Using rubrics allow the teacher to provide the student with more explanations of what is expected from them, as well as to give more feedback to the learners. References Bulgren, J., Deshler, D. D., & Lenz, B. K. (2007). Engaging adolescents with LD in higher order thinking about history concepts using integrated content enhancement routines. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40 (2), 121-133. Web. Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41 (4), 212-218. Mertler, C. A. (2001). Designing scoring rubrics for your classroom. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 7 (25). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Consultancy and Problem-Solving Process 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction BrightView Company is a family business that provides plumbing services to both residential and commercial buildings. The founder Mr. Brent Moore aimed to achieve business concepts in estimation, customer service, efficient operation, and timely delivery in plumbing activities. The company employs local contractors to take up plumbing orders received by the company. Mr. Louis Moore identified specific challenges after joining the business concerning inefficient customer service relations, incomplete contract orders, failure to meet customer demands, and a reactive inventory system. These challenges led to the development a new business model that would solve inventory department issues and satisfy customer demands. The business model consisted of warehousing and an inventory process. Procurement of parts directly from manufacturers would increase profits on parts and flow of plumbing activities in fulfilling orders. Employment of customer service representatives to schedule appointments, service technicians to order parts and equipment, and a warehouse clerk to track inventory manually and through the management software are among the changes effected in the new business model. Consultancy and Problem-Solving Process Several challenges ensued the business operations due to gaps that led to its inefficiency. The issues include the lack of arrangement and shelving procedure in the warehouse, causes a delay in fulfilling work orders, and customer dissatisfaction. Inadequate personnel in the warehouse such that any absenteeism cause disruption in tracking the inventory. There is a discordant relationship between the customer service representatives, service technicians, and warehouse clerk thus communication barrier. A report of contractors taking parts from the warehouse without consultation and updating the inventory transaction system. There have been complaints by customers concerning the postponement of scheduled appointments causing the company to make losses in compensation. The management of inventory and forecasting is inaccurate due to the need for double entries. As a consultant hired to solve the company’s issues, I would employ the Flawless Consultancy process to mitigate the challenges. It is crucial to understand the role played in influencing decisions in the company by employing technical, interpersonal and consulting skills. Consulting in BrightView Company would occur in five phases to successfully effect change in operations. The first step is to set meetings with the company managers to identify the challenges faced, to define the expectations, to determine what is required in the consultancy process and the way forward. The second step is to plan for the projects that will effect changes such as to identify the type of data needed, the duration, and the data collection methods crucial in assessing the actual situation. The third step is to provide feedback and obtain an authorization on the actions to be taken, recognizing that the client must be involved in determining the best course of action and the ultimate goals. The fourth step is the engagement and implementation of suggested changes through activities such as awareness, sensitization, training sessions, new company designs, and increased monitoring of company activities. The fifth and final phase involves measuring and assessing the company’s accomplishments and success. Block and Nowlan (1981) indicate that the last phase of consultation work would be evaluating the changes made in the company within the allocated time in terms of achievement of goals and effectiveness. If the changes to the company organization require implementation in another segment to achieve better results – there is an extension of the contract. If the results of specific crucial actions are not yet conclusive, the process is recycled, and a new contract is awarded to a consultant. However, if there is an extreme success or moderate to high failure in the new designs’ effectiveness, the consultants’ contract is terminated. The process taken in solving the warehousing challenge in BrightView Company involves the formulation of step-wise projects. The first project involves the analysis of the parts inventory list to validate the master inventory parts list and report on quality variances by stock items to solve the issues in accounting for inventory. The next project involves the redesign of the warehouse to achieve organization. This project consists of forming alternative models, determining shelving and storage requirements then assessing the cost implications of each model to recommend the best design. Conclusion An analysis of the warehouse inventory process is undertaken to document the current purchasing, forecasting, customer project part allocation, and receiving procedures. This project aims to solve incomplete transactions for all parts removed from storage, maintaining an accurate record of inventory stored in service vehicles, and accurately monitor stock used in service delivery for effective customer pricing. Interviews are done to evaluate the employee’s issues and suggestions for best practices. This project analyzes the quantity variance report and the inventory quantity patterns then document the findings derived. A new inventory process integrates the best practices, the successful current procedures, and recommendations. Van Aken and Berends (2018) state that implementing the new strategies involves the managers’ authorization, training of personnel on the revisions made, purchase of necessary shelving and storage equipment then redesigning the warehouse. An orientation session of the redesigned warehouse is done to achieve awareness of the changes made. References Block, P., &Nowlan, J. (1981 ). Flawless consulting: A guide to getting your expertise used. Pfeiffer. Van Aken, J.E., & Berends, H. (2018). Problem-solving in organizations. Cambridge University Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Coordinate the Work Environment Report Monitoring employees’ performance is critical for any organization, a company’s profitability and customers’ loyalty are dependent on the commitment of the workforce (Rehman, Shareef, & Ishaque, 2012). In this case, various indicators and standards such as “average tenure of employees”, quality of the completed work, and time required to complete a particular task can be used to measure the effectiveness of the employees (Mathis, Jackson, & Valentine, 2014, p. 378). The feedback about the employees could be given in personal emails or private meetings. The staff who does not meet the set goals have to be informed and given some time for improvement. Detailed feedback will help increase the efficiency of the employees faster. Meanwhile, the individuals, who pursue excellence, have to be offered a reward and praised for their efforts (Mathis et al., 2014). As for the conflicts, it is critical to find a suitable negotiation pattern to have a win-win result. Following this concept will assist in building trusting relationships within the organization. It remains apparent that I as a supervisor had to use assertive communication to avoid future conflicts and develop trusting relationships with the employees (Potts & Potts, 2013). Consequently, I have to discover the position of the opponent and evaluate the argumentation for his position in the first place. Next, I have to highlight the benefits of his/her opinion and explain my viewpoint. At this step, I have to take into account his/her potential interests and propose alternative win/win solutions in case of disagreement. The consequence of following this negation pattern will be a win-win outcome, as both parties will be able to satisfy their needs. The supervisor and HR practitioner have to be able to recruit, select, and induct the candidates and staff wisely. The employees are the critical assets of the company, and its success is dependent on the decision-making during the hiring procedure (Rehman et al., 2012). Speaking of recruitment, a job posting is the first step of the hiring process (Mathis et al., 2014). The description of the job has to be clear and concise, as it has to contain only the essential information about the offer. This procedure will assist in doing the initial screening and ease the recruitment process (Mathis et al., 2014). The information can be posted on the online Internet panels, and the organization can contact recruitment agencies if it experiences any difficulties with finding suitable candidates. The next step is the selection of the candidates, as the company’s efficiency is dependent on the actions of the HR department (Mathis et al., 2014). To ensure the effectiveness of the selection process, the company has to assess the background of the applications. Meanwhile, conducting an interview will help reveal whether the candidates have appropriate communication skills and are able to find solutions in different situations proposed in the case scenarios. Simultaneously, the assessments and tests have to be used to ensure that the individual will be able to meet the standards of the company (Mathis et al., 2014). Lastly, one cannot underestimate the induction of the employees, as it helps a newcomer to become a part of the team (Mathis et al., 2014). In this case, training will help a new candidate to adapt to the working environment. Meanwhile, providing additional assistance, using multiple learning techniques, and explaining the guidelines of the organization will benefit a worker and help him/her become an important part of the company. References Mathis, R., Jackson, J., & Valentine, S. (2014). Human resource management. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Potts, C., & Potts, S. (2013). Assertiveness: How to be strong in every situation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Rehman, S., Shareef, A., & Ishaque, A. (2012). Role of trust and commitment in creating profitable relationships with customer. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4 (1), 606-615. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Besides coming up with these decisions, strategic management and planning is also concerned with implementing and enforcing them. This is usually conducted in two phases, that is the planning phase and the implementation phase. Strategic planning according to Thompson, Gamble and Strickland (2006) involves “determining the organization’s mission, formulating policies to guide the organization in establishing objectives, establishing long term and short term objectives and determining the strategies that are used in achieving the organization’s mission” (p. 86). Strategic implementation on the other hand involves coming up with guideline to implement the strategy, identifying the resources required to achieve these objectives, organizing the activities in their respective order and monitoring the strategy’s performance in relation to the laid down objectives. Event management is a kind of business that requires effective strategic management and planning. Events in this case include entertainment sprees, weddings, conferences and many other such like events. Strategic management plays a major role in the success of this business for a number of reasons. First, it considers the future of the business and assists in laying down long term strategies. Strategic management ensures that future uncertainties in the industry have been taken care of and this includes changes in technology and the need to expand the market share. The second importance of strategic management is that it results in a greater efficiency owing to the planning involved and this guarantees the success of the business. Third, it reduces instances of confusion since the procedures to be followed are clearly set. Besides this, strategic management catapults growth by discovering greater opportunities in the industry. When conducting strategic planning, the management has to do a thorough research in the industry, and in the process ends up discovering more opportunities. Strategic management in the event organizing business also plays an important role in ensuring business continuity. The planning is done based on future parameters and this means that the company is protected from threatening competition. When conducting strategic planning, one of the most essential areas is the performance of competitors and the loopholes that they can take advantage of. These are sealed and so the management is assured that they will remain on top of the market for as long as the strategies are still being implemented and improved. When running a business, there are many external threats that cannot be discovered without involving strategic management. This therefore forms the other advantage of conducting strategic management (Pearce & Robinson, 2009). One of the parameters under scrutiny in this case is the external threats. When discovered, there are two options of dealing with them to ensure that they are not harmful to the company. They are either eliminated, or where this is not possible they are converted into opportunities. Finally, strategic management employs more focus on a proactive approach that empowers a company to be aware of the opportunities available and grasp them accordingly. When developing and implementing strategic plans, there are four major roles played by the management of the company. The first role is conducting an analysis of the future business trends in the industry. Before making a plan the management needs to be certain on what they are planning for. “This involves coming up with an honest and unbiased analysis of the company’s weakness and strengths from a financial, operational, and staffing point of view” (Pearce & Robinson, 2009 p. 43). They go on to explain other factors that should be considered by the management when conducting the analysis and these are “the technological, political, economic and environmental issues affecting the operations” (p.44). By identifying strengths and weaknesses, the management will be in a position to identify growth and improvement opportunities. The second role that the management plays in strategic management is planning. This involves breaking down the mission and vision statements into short term portions and assigning a timeframe for the implementation of each step. In event management the most preferred parameter to be used when planning is revenue. For example, define the level of revenue that should be attained in six months and the strategies that will be employed to attain this. These first two roles are mostly conducted in the boardroom, after which implementation has to be done. This brings about the third role of the strategic management team which is assigning responsibilities. The responsibilities involved should be clearly defined alongside the people to handle them. This will ensure accountability, timely delivery especially where deadlines are involved. When assigning responsibilities, the management should be clear on the contributions each task makes to the success of the entire strategy (Thompson et al, 2006). The final role is communication, which involves making decisions and ideas known to the parties concerned. Besides that, communication also involves having progress reports for different departments in a timely manner. This ensures that the people concerned with the strategic management process are up to date with the developments made. It also brings out the problems bound to come up along the way and these are dealt with before it is too late. References Pearce, J., & Robinson, R. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Thompson, A., Gamble, J., & Strickland, J. (2006). Strategy: Winning in the marketplace: Core concepts, analytical tools, cases (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
* Product development strategy means Starbucks has an opportunity to improve on its existing products by using new packaging that simplifies and increases the opportunities for consumption both within and outside the stores; * Alternately, Starbucks could use market development strategy to sell existing products to new markets; such strategy means the company has to transform its distribution channels (e.g., online delivery) and overlook the consumer cluster; * Starbucks can use related diversification strategy, i.e., increase its product range as opposed to other food and beverage vendors. An unrelated diversification strategy would mean Starbucks to supply non-coffee-related products and services, which would alleviate some risks its coffee supply chain maintenance presents (Kim and Mauborgne 76). Opportunity statement Our opportunity statement is based on recent successful trends and Starbucks analysis. We maintain that the company would succeed at using market development strategy, for which it has an opportunity to establish a delivery system for all food products and merchandise. In 2015, Starbucks has launched a pilot project of a delivery system. Starbucks went into cooperation with Postmates, a well-known delivery system that processes orders through iOS and Android applications (Postmates n.pag.). The new Starbucks-Postmates delivery system was tested in some districts of Seattle. The delivery price was $5.99 (Russel par. 2-3). The feedback for Starbucks’ previous projects of this kind has mostly been positive, and the project is still functioning (Matthew par. 5; Starbucks n.pag.). With a wider scope, Starbucks could achieve its objective in cooperation with Postmates which is aiming at delivery under half an hour’s time (Perez par. 10). Postmates has established its reputation working with such corporate giants as Apple, 7Eleven, Walgreens, etc. (par. 12). At that, considering the delivery charge, a wise move would be to turn to businesses. If we start over with Seattle, there is a number of organizations that could be interested in placing coffee, baked goods, and other food orders when they conduct their meetings: * Amazon.com; * The Omni Group; * PEMCO; * Safeco; * Capital One Investing; * Seattle Metropolitan Credit Union; * Moss Adams; * Alvarez and Marshal; * Holland America Line; * etc. Initially, the target consumer can be the companies headquartered in Seattle or holding meetings and conferences there. The feature that Starbucks launched in 2015, which is Mobile Order & Pay, is a perfect means for company representatives to place orders (Perez par. 4). Alternately, the clients could use the website. Starbucks should provide them with an opportunity to place orders for coffee and bigger orders for lunch foods, cold beverages, and desserts for business lunches and banquets. The food and beverages can be delivered upon the order placement from the nearest Starbucks store through Postmates service. The orders are to be delivered on-demand to the organizational premises and, possibly, to meeting rooms. Corporate customers can be provided with discount and sales opportunities or special offers. For instance, the meeting participants could get fresh fruit salads for free if they order 8 coffees. From the societal marketing perspective, such strategy would account for the short- and long-term needs of the target consumer (businesses) and enhance their well-being. Works Cited Kim, Chan, and Mauborgne, Renee. “Blue Ocean Strategy.” Harvard Business Review , 82.10 (2004): 76-84. Matthew. “What Starbucks’ Delivery Service Has To Do With Storytelling, Customer Experience and Social Media.” RGBSocial . WordPress, 4 Nov. 2014. Web. Perez, S. “Starbucks Launches A Delivery Service In Partnership With Postmates.” TechCrunch. AOL Inc., 2015. Web. Postmates . Postmates Inc., 2016. Web. Russel, Kyle. “Postmates Will Deliver Starbucks, Starting In Seattle.” TechCrunch . AOL Inc., Web. Starbucks 1607 W Dravus St, Seattle, WA . Postmates. Postmates, Inc., 2016. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Concept of Design and Its Evolution Report The concept of design has undergone extensive changes over the course of its evolution, shifting from a simple idea of an arrangement of visual elements to a more complex phenomenon of creating the environment that is not only comfortable but also aesthetically pleasing. It could be argued that the phenomenon of design has acquired certain societal characteristics and functions. To be more exact, the current approach to designing seems to deviate from abstract concepts and tends to tie form and function together as suggested by Sullivan (Fletcher & Grose, 2012). Moreover, the changes in the interpretation of design as a concept seem to have a tangible connection with a variety of societal issues. The alterations in the interpretation of design as a phenomenon, therefore, can be defined as the key message to be conveyed to the target audience. The participants of the discussions carried during this course can be defined as the target audience. The specified audience includes both the students and instructor. Additionally, the message is aimed at anyone interested in design, its history and the changes that it has undergone over the course of its evolution. While professional designers and the people that are aware of the history of design may already be acquainted with this topic, students need to discuss it to come to agreement about the changes in the philosophy of design. To get the message across to the target audience, I intend to use the calligraphic typeface. The adoption of the specified typeface is bound to create the environment that invites people to participate in a conversation and express their opinions. Being not as stiff as brush scripts, the specified typeface does not seem unnatural, either, in contrast to the handwriting scripts. While the latter copy handwriting, which is pointless in its existence, the calligraphic typefaces help perfect the art of calligraphy by making the curves and lines geometrically impeccable and, therefore, harmonic. Seeing that harmony is the foundation of calligraphy (Carter, Meggs, & Day, 2014), it is assumed that, when rendered in a digital format, the text written in a calligraphic typeface will come impeccable. While it would be wrong to address the result as an art piece, since it will be computer-generated, it will still retain a touch of refinement and the impression of casualty. As a result, attracting the target audience and retaining it will be easier with the help of the specified typeface. A presentation made in Microsoft Office PowerPoint seems to be the most efficient tool for conveying the message in the specified case. The reason for choosing the specified type of media is rather simple; being a perfect tool for representing visual data, it will help bridge the message and the form that it takes together, therefore, creating the environment for the audience to perceive both textual and graphic information. Although the very foundation of design has not changed, still revolving around the idea of arranging elements in a manner that seems the most reasonable for a specific purpose, the philosophy of design has become much more complex. Embracing a variety of aspects of people’s lives, design has become the ultimate tool for self-expression and the means of making people’s lives as comfortable as possible. The style and the substance of design go hand in hand in the 21 st century, and the further evolution of the subject matter is bound to be based on harmony. Reference List Carter, R., Meggs, P. B., & Day, B. S. (2014). Typographic design: Form and communication . New York City, New York: John Wiley & Sons. Fletcher, K., & Grose, L. (2012). Fashion and sustainability: Design for change . London: Laurence King Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Evolving Definition of Juvenile Essay Juvenile Justice The US justice system treats juvenile offenders differently from adults. However, it was not always that way, as juvenile justice had to take a long rode from almshouses in the early 1800s to “tough on crime” policy in the 1990s. In the early history of the US, juvenile offenders were treated as adults and often put to almshouses, one-room buildings where people with different types of problems were kept (Mallett, 2018). However, in 1850-1890, the child-saving movement emerged that utilized the principle of parens partiae , creating reform schools, which were run by parent-like figures (Mallett, 2018). In the early 1900s, juvenile courts were established, finally separating the juvenile justice system form the criminal justice system (Mallett, 2018). Up until the 1980s, the US society fought for the rights of the young people until the “tough on crime” policy emerged (Mallett, 2018). In the 1990s, the country experienced a significant rise in juvenile crime, making the government dismantle the parens partiae approach and trial many juvenile offenders as adults if they committed serious crimes. The US education system often played the central part in supporting the juvenile justice system. Schools often help to prevent juvenile offenses and supervise offenders. Thus, education facilities help juvenile offenders to rehabilitate and reintegrate into society. The education system often plays the role of the advocate of children’s rights and freedoms (Mallett, 2018). Today, courts treat adults and juveniles differently, as the central purpose of the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation rather than punishment. The idea behind the mattes it hat children are weak both mentally and physically, and they cannot make sound decisions. Interventions addressing juvenile delinquency often focus on schools and families to prevent crime (Flores, 2003). This is done because, unlike crime among adults, juvenile delinquency is caused by peer pressure and family problems (Flores, 2003). Thus, the juvenile justice system differs considerably from the criminal justice system. Case Study The case study pictures a cyberbully that was assaulted by the targeted teen for revealing romantic online conversations. As a result of the assault, the parents of the cyberbully decided to press charges against the targeted teen. The case study describes a complicated situation that consists of two types of deviant behavior. First, the targeted teen committed a simple assault towards the cyberbully, as he caused an injury to another person (Mince-Didier, n.d.). If the parents press charges against the targeted teen, the case will be heard in a juvenile court, which may punish the offender with jail time, community service, probation, restitution, anger management classes, and fines (Mince-Didier, n.d.). Since the assault is mild, it is unlikely the targeted teen will be incarcerated. Second, the high school freshman who created a fake social media account is guilty of cyberbullying. The situation with cyberbullying is not as simple as with simple assault, as there is no federal law that acknowledges such crime. State laws about cyberbullying vary from state to state, and the punishment may differ from criminal sanctions to suspension and expulsion (Gordon, 2020). However, schools always accept the responsibility for addressing the fact of bullying under Title IX, and Section 504 that requires federally funded school districts addresses such incidents (Gordon, 2020). Considering the fact that two behaviors occurred concurrently, it is difficult to make adequate judgments. In order to avoid biases, I recommend addressing the two offenses separately. First, I believe that the school authorities should use sanctions against the cyberbully to prevent further abuses. The school should utilize the school policy concerning bullying as a guiding document for choosing a sanction. Second, the simple assault case should be taken to court where the judge should decide appropriate sanctions based on the report made by the probation officers. The most appropriate sanctions are ramification and anger management classes if the offender does not have a history of deviant behavior. At the same time, the situation can be resolved at the school level. For instance, the school authorities may promise the parents to avoid expulsion and use probation to both students, if parents of the cyberbully avoid pressing charges against the teenager. The idea behind the approach is to avoid processing adolescents through the system. According to the Annie E. Casey Foundation (2018), recidivism among adolescents that were not processed through the juvenile justice system is lower in comparison with those who were trialed and sentenced. Moreover, the approach supports rehabilitation, as the two teens will have to spend time together in detention. The approach used to juvenile offenders, however, cannot be used in the case if both students are of legal age. Adults are believed to be able to make sound decisions and resist bullying; thus, the approach discussed above would be inappropriate. Moreover, the sanctions towards the target of cyberbullying would be different, as he would be processed through the criminal justice system. An adult offender is likely to receive a fine, up to six months in jail or probation. In summary, while juvenile and criminal justice systems have common grounds, the differences between them are considerable, as similar offenses may be treated differently depending on the age of the offenders. References Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2018). Transforming juvenile probation: A vision for getting it right . The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Flores, R. (2003). Child delinquency. Web. Gordon, S. (2020). Understanding the legal ramifications of cyberbullying . Very Well Family. Web. Mallett, C. A. (2018). Disproportionate minority contact in juvenile justice: today’s, and yesterdays, problems . Criminal Justice Studies, 31 (3), 230–248. Mince-Didier, A. (n.d.). Juvenile simple assault . Criminal Defense Lawyer. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Symptoms of the Anxiety Disorder 2. Nature versus Nurture 3. Treatment of the Anxiety Disorder 4. Application of the Findings to My Life 5. References Symptoms of the Anxiety Disorder There are different kinds of anxiety disorders including phobia, panic disorder and agoraphobia. Julie, the woman from the video, seems to have a panic disorder. According to Burton, Westen and Kowalski (2018), the common symptoms of panic disorder are the lack of breath, rapid heart rate and pain in the chest. Moreover, people with this disorder are afraid of dying or losing their mind when they have another attack. In some situations, Julie becomes nervous and excited, which results in her heart racing and chest aching. She does not want to do certain things like visit pubs or make love to her husband, because she is afraid of having an anxiety attack. At the same time, Julie believes that if her heart starts to beat faster, she might have a heart attack. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Julie shows symptoms of panic disorder. Nature versus Nurture As with most mental illnesses, it is hard to say precisely whether the panic disorder is primarily caused by nature or nurture. Bandelow, Michaelis and Wedekind (2017) suggest that anxiety disorders could be influenced by both psychosocial factors and “genetic vulnerability” (p. 94). However, it is easier to identify social drivers that could cause the development of the disorder than various biological factors. For instance, childhood events like the experience of trauma or violence may lead to the emergence of anxiety. What is more, stress is reported to be among the main drivers of panic disorder in adults (Burton et al., 2018). Kim (2019) overviews several models that were proposed to explain panic disorder from the neurobiological perspective. All these approaches tried to link the emergence of anxiety to the processes in the human brain. Due to the fact that neurobiological factors can be hardly observed, much research should be done to understand their role in the development of the anxiety disorder better. Treatment of the Anxiety Disorder In the video, the doctor offered Julie two possible ways of treatment: one that includes taking medications and another that suggests more communication between the patient and the physician. First of all, the doctor should talk to Julie again and explain the situation and potential procedures more accurately. Although both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy have proven to be successful in curing the anxiety disorder, one should consider the side effects of “pharmacological treatments” (Kim, 2019, p. 2). The case of Julie does not seem to be hopeless, as she has had the disorder only for a short time. However, in the video, she looked very frightened by her disorder and she actually seemed to believe that she can die from a heart attack. The doctor should avoid medications at first and try to use a psychological approach, but she needs to ensure that Julie accepts this method of treatment. Application of the Findings to My Life I find it useful to be aware of the potential symptoms of anxiety, and particularly, panic disorder, which are described by Burton et al. (2018). Now I know that frequent palpitations, chest pain and difficulty breathing may be caused not by regular excitement but by serious mental disease. It is especially crucial for me to know this being an architecture student because sometimes my studies are associated with a vast amount of stress. Thus, it is assumable that one day, as in the case of Julie, anxiety may suddenly emerge in my life. References Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., & Wedekind, D. (2017). Treatment of anxiety disorders. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 19 (2), 93-107. Burton, L., Westen, D., & Kowalski, R. (2018). Psychology (5th ed.). Milton, Australia: Wiley. Kim, Y.-K. (2019). Panic disorder: Current research and management approaches. Psychiatry Investigation , 16 (1), 1-3. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is currently located at First Markham Place, Ontario. This eatery stands out because of its wide range of fast foods. Presently, it serves Taiwanese cuisine. The restaurant also boasts of darkened and high-ceilinged interiors (“The top 5,” n.d.). This fast food outlet has been in operation for less than two years. It is also one of the most admired restaurants providing Asian foods in Ontario. The founders of this restaurant are unknown to the public. Menu Items Mabu Generation’s menu items are categorized into these groups: desserts, appetizers and meals, and lunch specials. Lunch specials offers are usually priced at 12.00 US dollars. These include Taiwanese-style pan-fried pork intestine, chicken on rice, fried chicken with ginger or basil, pork chop, sweet potato noodles, and oriental rice noodles. Desserts include a milk pudding, chocolate cream, and Taiwanese egg cake, Matcha cream, raindrop cake, and tiramisu with banana and Oreo (“Appetizers and meals,” n.d.). These desserts are priced from 7.99 to 15.00 US dollars. Common appetizers include deep-fried tofu (with garlic, satay, or soya sauce), deep-fried squid ball or fish cake, and curry fish balls. These are priced from 8.99 to 11.00 US dollars. From this analysis, it is evident that the prices for different products range from 7 to 16 US dollars. Target Market This restaurant focuses on the needs of Asian and Canadian citizens who want to sample Taiwanese cuisine. In order to market itself successfully, the company has created the best environment that resonates with the demands of many Asians. The issue of artistic space is taken seriously since the targeted consumers embrace it. The interior décor is lovely and admirable. The potential customers also enjoy good foods, spices, and desserts (“Appetizers and meals,” n.d.). They also require quality services, customer support, and comfort. These individuals also expect the intended foods and menus to be affordable. Niche Market Placement Mabu Generation’s products target Asian consumers. They form their niche market. The focus on this segment reduces the challenge of competition. This is the case because the targeted market cannot be satisfied by the products marketed by mainstream restaurants. In terms of placement, the firm is properly positioned since its offers Taiwanese cuisine. However, the level of competition in this niche market is high. For instance, there are similar businesses providing Asian cuisines such as Yin Ji Chang Fen, Dagu Rice Noodle, Potman Hotpot, and QJD Peking Duck Restaurant (“The top 5,” n.d.). Additionally, large companies that have outlets in Canada (such as Starbucks) compete indirectly in Mabu Generation’s niche market. Marketing Successes Mabu Generation has succeeded because of its powerful marketing strategy. The first aspect that supports its model is advertising. This is achieved through the use of social media and the company’s website. Local channels and online newspapers are consulted to inform more people about the available menu items. Promotion is also pursued using free meals or desserts during specific public days (“The top 5,” n.d.). Public relations (PR) is taken seriously by this restaurant. Timely updates, emails, and proper customer support are some of the strategies used to improve the company’s PR model. Internal marketing revolves around the use of attractive interior décors and spaces. Direct marketing efforts are pursued using billboards, the company’s website, and social media platforms. This strategy makes it possible for the restaurant to achieve its goals. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Mabu Generation has skilled attendants and managers. * The firm boasts of quality, fast foods, and offerings. * Its sustainable business model is informed by customers’ changing needs. * It is strategically located. * Its interior décor is admirable. * The sitting space is fun and relaxed. Weaknesses * The company is yet to open new outlets. * Taiwanese cuisine might not meet the needs of every Asian customer. * Language barrier affects service delivery. Opportunities * The region has an increased number of potential customers. * Many people in Ontario earn a good income. * The firm can open new stores in surrounding towns and cities (Batinic, 2015). * It can consider new offerings, drinks, and foods to attract more customers. Threats * Mabu Generation’s business model is replicable. * Giant restaurants such as Starbucks can threaten its performance. * Many consumers are keen to consume healthy foods (Leung, Xue, & Bai, 2015). This means that fast foods are becoming less admirable to many people. Synopsis Mabu Generation has introduced Taiwanese cuisine in Ontario. Its business model is supported using a relaxed environment and interior décor. Customers have a wide range of options such as drinks, desserts, and meals. The company’s pricing strategy is capable of supporting the needs of different consumers. Advertising and promotional goals are achieved using social media, free meals, and billboards. PR is maintained to support the firm’s performance. The level of competition in the market is quite high. The company also faces threats such as a replicable model and the increasing demand for healthy foods. The restaurant must, therefore, reconsider these issues in order to remain competitive. References Appetizers and meals. (n.d.). Web. Batinic, I. (2015). The role and importance of internet marketing in modern hotel industry. Journal of Process Management – New Technologies, International, 3 (3), 34-38. Leung, X. Y., Xue, L., & Bai, B. (2015). Internet marketing research in hospitality and tourism: A review and journal preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 27 (7), 1556-1572. Web. The top 5 new Chinese restaurants in Toronto . (n.d.). 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The Role of the State Expository Essay The term states and nation are commonly used in the international political theory. According to the totalitarianism, a state is defined as a vital institution that runs all facets of public life. Thus, some attributes of the state include: separation of powers and the rule of law. However, both nation and state bear different meanings as a result of their past usage especially from the onset of 19 th century to the eruption of World War I. In addition, the two terms became entwined with on another such that they are commonly perceived to be one and the same or even combined to form the term ‘nation-state’ in the modern society. In the past Christian epoch, the state was viewed as an essential evil establishment, a biased cure to the sinful nature of humans. Nonetheless, as the 18 th century came to an end, a number of Greek republicanism began to perceive the state as an affirmative force needed to enhance an ethical life in the society. Thus, while a nation was perceived in the past as a grouping of individuals in one place, the onset of 19 th century changed that perception as many scholars promoted the idea that the world was logically split into nations, and that these nations were the only genuine basis upon which a state was constructed. Power was also used on behalf of the nation, a concept used to represent people (Naiman 185). A nation-state is referred to as a political unit that has power over a delineated territory that usually matches with the allotment of a merged ethnic identity. The nation-state in Europe took over from the imperial and religious basis for political authority after the Reformation. The national sovereignty was a vital concept in social contract theory as it was used to limit outsiders from interfering with internal affairs of the country (Naiman 186). Keynesianism is an economic hypothesis attributed to John Maynard Keynes, a British economist. Keynesian theories were crafted during the Great Depression in 1930s and later widely used by major Western countries in the post World War II period. These theories suggest that governments are required to utilize fiscal policy (government spending) and monetary policy (money supply) to influence the operations within the economy. Keynesian theories strongly advocate for government deficit spending to reduce unemployment levels. According to Keynesian, the free market is unstable and thus unable to generate the optimal output in the economy. Thus, the government must to control economic factors to stabilize the economy and improve the welfare of citizen. Since Keynesian is mainly concerned with changing economic factors, a move that is highly blamed for the recent financial meltdown witnessed globally, majority of government have greatly used the approach to validate their reactions to the financial crisis that occurred in 2008 (Naiman 189). Democracy is a concept coined from the Greek language. It is composed of two words- demos means people and kratein means to rule or govern. Democracy is thus interpreted to mean: government of the majority or people. As a form of state, democracy is not the same as aristocracy, monarchy and dictatorship. Thus, the powers exercised by a democratic government are vested with people, who elect it. The current discourses on democracy are heavily centered on American thoughts on international relations. After the 9/11 terrorist attack, President Bush viewed the expansion of democracy as a moral obligation and inevitable. Thus the US perceived the democratization process as the only way of sustaining global peace where autocracy overseas threatens peace at home. For instance, the US spread democratic principles in Iraq in order to promote realistic policies in favor of idealistic one in the Middle East. Thus, President Bush viewed autocracy as a destructive peril to the US, which could be stopped by spreading democracy (Naiman 194). Works Cited Naiman, Joanne. “How Society Works: Class, Power, and Change in A Canadian Context. Eds.” Fernwood Publishing: Toronto, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The term abortion refers to the act of terminating pregnancy before it is due. Several scholars such as Marqui and Sumner have coined arguments bordering the immorality of abortion from conservative and liberal perspectives. This argumentative treatise attempts to explicitly support the arguments against abortion from an ethical perspective. Specifically, the paper will explain why abortion is unethical and should be treated as termination of innocent lives without their consent. Abortion is unethical in all angles since the act denies the unborn child the chance to experience future activities that have been experienced by the person who wants to abort. This means that that termination of pregnancy denies the unborn child his or her freedom to future outside his or her mother’s womb. Thus, killing it “would be presumptively morally wrong for the same reason that it is wrong to kill a normal adult human being” (Marquis 446). To support this argument, killing the unborn child through abortion would translate into inflicting irreversible loss to the fetus that will never have an opportunity to enjoy life in the future and experience activities that human beings are engaged in. Although the unborn child may not be aware of the future activities and experiences, abortion deprives the fetus a potential future that is not only valuable to it but to the entire world. For instance, the great leaders of this era could have not made the good decisions that are changing the world if they were terminated during pregnancy. Imagine a world without the impacts of Mother Teresa and Albert Einstein. If their fetuses were terminated, the world would still be lagging behind in nursing care and nuclear technology. Apart from the contribution to the world, abortion results in complete loss and denies the victim a chance to explore its potential in human form. Since it is morally wrong to kill human being, it is in order to argue that it is equally wrong to terminate a potential person in the form of a fetus. When abortion is performed at late stage during pregnancy, it exposes the fetus to wanton infliction of pain. In a human being, infliction of pain causes suffering and subjects the victim to unimaginable discomfort. Depending on the degree of wanton infliction of pain, the human being might be subjected to inhuman suffering against his or her will (Marquis 447). In wrapping up this argument, it is in order to state that wanton infliction of pain as a result of abortion is equally immoral since it causes unimaginable pain and suffering to a potential human being against it will. Erasing the value of a potential human being as a result of abortion is an indication that the act is prima facie wrong, irrespective of the justification that might be put forward to support the act. Actually, abortion is prima facie wrong because the victim is not accorded the chance to determine the action which affects its survival and potential of being a human being. This means that the moral permissibility in any argument for or against abortion should accommodate the right to choice of life by the fetus. The act disrespects the aspects of human life in totality. From a moral perspective, it is unethical to kill human being. Since fetus has the potential of transitioning into a human being in the future, it is morally wrong to end the life of some arbitrarily chosen single human being cells in the form of a fetus. Although it is morally wrong to terminate pregnancy at any stage, Sumner opines that the damage is highest at the later stages of pregnancy, when the fetus has assumed human form and can feel (Sumner 473). In order to explain the immorality in abortion, it is important to review the moral status of the unborn child. For instance, during the pregnancy period, there is evolution of the fetus from a single-celled organism into a complex form comprising of millions of human cells that are differentiated to create a human-like form. Basically, “the problem of locating a non-arbitrary threshold is easier to deal with when we recognize that there cab ne no sharp breakpoint in the course of human development at which moral standing is suddenly acquired” (Sumner 475). In this case, it is important to separate the boundary of morality in a fetus in terms of the stage of development. This means that the morality attached to the fetus is dependent on the stage of its development during pregnancy. For instance, termination within the first three months of pregnancy would lead to infanticide that may not necessarily subject the fetus to wanton pain. On the hand, infanticide from the second trimester of pregnancy would subject the fetus to unimaginable pain and suffering. This means that immorality in abortion arises at the point where the fetus is able to feel pain after assuming human form. Thus, abortion, especially at the second and third trimester of pregnancy is immoral since it subjects the fetus to wanton pain against it will. Works Cited Marquis, Don. Why Abortion is Immoral . 2011. Web. Sumner, Wayne. A Moderate View. 2011. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Introduction 3. Literature review 4. Recommendation 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Summary The subject of whether strategic management is an art or science has been very critical amongst strategic management scholars. This paper discusses whether strategic management is an art or science. It explains when strategic management is an art and when it is science. It further explains the aspects that make strategic management an art and science. Introduction Strategic management is a management tool used by corporate organizations. Corporate organizations have used it to determine goals and objectives, values, mission, vision, roles and obligations within the management system. Strategic management requires a mix of strategies used to ensure most achievable accurate decisions and choices in the management process. Strategic management is a progressive process. It appraises and ensures controls during business operations. Besides, strategic management lays down strategies to be used in dealing with both existing competitors and the potential ones. Whether strategic management is a science or an art has been a question of major concern to various scholars. Some have argued that strategic management is more of an art than science while others have argued otherwise (Choo 533). Literature review A number of scholars have described strategic management as both science and art. This is because the whole concept of strategic management borrows from both sides of science and art (McCabe 3). For instance, some scholars have defined strategic management as the science and art of formulating, executing and assessing of critical decisions which are cross functional in nature to assist organizations realize their long-term goals and objectives. This implies that strategic management utilizes both artistic and scientific concepts in the management process. However, it is argued that strategic management is more an art than the science it is believed to be (Mason 5) The concept of art entails the realistic application of personal knowledge and skills so as to realize concrete outcome. This is what defines strategic management as an art (Swayne et al. 435); the whole management process requires personal skills and knowledge in applying management strategies deemed to have the potential of realizing the goals and objectives of an organization (Karami 12). Moreover, in designing management strategies, creativity is paramount. Otherwise, strategic management requires a systematic involvement of certain principles that have been formulated and tested through research. These principles are universal and scholars concur that they can be used universally. These principles give strategic management a scientific dimension (Levner et al. 72). Even though strategic management has been considered to borrow from art, it largely utilizes science through relying on particular theories and principles developed and tested through scientific research. Irrespective of any organization, strategic management is a philosophical task. Hence, strategic managers still face crucial judgments when in the process of formulating strategies for their organizations (Gilbert et al. 137). The resolution to adopt a certain set of strategies has always been grounded on philosophy based on experience, skills, research and rational reason. This makes strategic management to be oriented more towards science than art. Therefore, strategic management is science in practice. Recommendation Strategic management is defined as science and an art of formulating, executing, and assessing of critical decisions which are cross functional in nature to assist organizations realize their long-term goals and objectives. This has created some form of ambiguity in terms of its definition (Kang 30-56). However, scholars agree that strategic management has universally been grounded on philosophy established through systematic research and rational choice. This is a model only consistent with science and for this reason, strategic management should be considered purely as a science. The fact is that science and art disciplines are intertwined into one another; but, each discipline should be defined as science or art depending on its model of practical application. Conclusion The definition of strategic management has been subject to ambiguity given that strategic management scholars have not postulated whether it is an art or science (Kang 30-56). However, they consider it as both science and an art; this is because it borrows from both disciplines. Nonetheless, since its practical application utilizes a specific model of philosophy grounded on research, strategic management should be defined as a science and not an art (Gilbert et al. 137). It is important to note that both science and art disciplines borrow from one another and there definition should be based their practical applications. Works Cited Choo, Chun. The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Gilbert, Marius, et al. Strategic Management in the Knowledge Economy: New Approaches and Business Applications . New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2007. Kang, Young. Understanding the Applicability of Strategic Management in the Public Sector: Does the Goal-setting Process Enhance Productivity Improvement in United States State Governments? US: ProQuest, 2006. Karami, Azhdar. Strategy Formulation in Entrepreneurial Firms . New York: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007. Levner, Eugene, et al. Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems . New York: Springer, 2005. Mason, Merilyn. Strategic Management for Today’s Libraries . New York: ALA Editions, 1999. McCabe, Steven. Corporate Strategy in Construction: Understanding Today’s Theory and Practice . New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Swayne, E. Linda, et al. Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations . New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Researching of Reshoring Companies Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. The Reasons for Reshoring 3. Walmart Reshoring Measures 4. References Summary During the COVID-19 pandemic, reshoring has become one of the key strategies chosen by many companies. Nowadays, the choice of this strategy is often caused by the need to increase health safety and by a severe crisis in the supply chain. However, there is a wide range of reasons for reshoring, such as issues of flexibility and quality or proximity to end customers. The Reasons for Reshoring Walmart is one of the companies that have decided to restore their manufacturing back to the U.S. The company used to have its manufacturing units in Taiwan and China and sell the product in the United States. The decision to change the strategy was caused by the sales decline in the last five years. The decline was caused by offshore variables, such as travel costs, carrying costs, and an increase in salaries overseas. Among other reasons for reshoring are the pledges for the company, shipping delays, and concerns about contaminants in plastics. There are also more positive reasons, for example, one branch has received “over $600,000 from the Walmart U.S. Manufacturing Innovation Fund.” (Official Walmart site, 2021). Moreover, reshoring is aimed to create synergies that would increase the flexibility of production. Walmart Reshoring Measures Within the framework of reshoring strategy, the company has taken complex measures. Walmart has decided to bring back to the U.S. more than 30 manufacturing sites, most of which were located in China (Official Walmart site, 2021). Cindi Marsiligo, the company’s Vice President, reported that Walmart is aiming to create more than 300,000 jobs in the U.S. by 2023, whereas Walmart’s increase in the U.S. manufactured purchases is evaluated as $250 billion over ten years (Official Walmart Site, 2021). Moreover, the company plans to participate in a program called “American Lighthouses,” aimed to reinforce U.S. production (Kapadia, 2021). The program is to involve academics, manufacturers, development groups, and governments. These measures are aimed to provide the dynamic development of the company and to make it crisis-proof. However, according to the report by the European Union, despite the reinforcement, the “reshoring policies of a range of companies based in the U.K., Japan, and the U.S. are quite modest” (Raza, Grohs, Essletzbitchler, et al., p.2). Nevertheless, it still allows to increase the safety during the pandemic crisis and enhances the strategic autonomy and flexibility of companies. This is the reason why it can become an increasing trend in the modern world. References Kapadia S. (2021). Walmart to spend $350B on local sourcing, and work to pinpoint barriers to reshoring. Supplychaindive. Web. Official Walmart Site. (n.d.) Web. Raza W., Grohs H., Essletzbitchler J., & Pintar N. (2021). Post Covid-19 value chains: Options for reshoring production back to Europe in a globalized economy. Policy Department for External Relations Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
State Responsibility Theory Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Treatment of Aliens 2. Imputability 3. Domestic Remedies The theory of state responsibility relates to laws and principles that control when and how a country should be liable for a breach of international law. DJ Harris shows that the theory of state responsibility is general and not specific to any particular obligation. Thus, it only applies when a country breaches provisions of international law and set legal consequences of such acts. From this observation, we can see that provisions of state responsibility are secondary laws. The theory of state responsibility seems to be general and independent from the main international law. In this regard, we can look at state responsibility under obligations that make an act wrongful before international law when we can attribute acts to private persons and officials of a state. In addition, we can also look at liability defence and subsequent consequences of such acts. DJ Harris shows actions of private individuals and state may be difficult to differentiate. However, the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (Draft Articles) have changed the state responsibility. Draft Articles classify wrongful acts as where the state is liable under international law, and involve a breach of international obligation. A country can make reparation that can cover compensation, restitution, and satisfaction as forms of remedies. However, remedies also differ based on a given forum, such as UN, ICJ, WTO, and ICC among others. Treatment of Aliens The ILC does not allow ill treatment of people irrespective of their nationality. This is the basis of aliens, state responsibility, and the international minimum standard for the treatment aliens. We must understand that states are not under obligation to admit aliens to their countries. However, if a state allows aliens to enter its territory, then it must treat them in a civilised way. A state can breach international law if it inflicts injury on aliens even if such aliens are outside its territory. Under ILC primary rules, a state cannot perform such acts in another state without authority of the latter. Under ILC, any failure to act within provisions of the minimum international standard calls for international responsibility of the defendant state, and state of the injured alien to apply its diplomatic right to protection. In other words, a state may use diplomatic means against another state so as to seek redress or compensation. Negotiations, arbitration, or judicial settlements have been useful in such cases. It also crucial to note that the defendant country does not owe the injured alien any duty, but it owes the country of the alien. The idea is that a country experiences a loss in a situation where any of its citizens suffer injuries. Thus, the claimant country can make, ignore, or abandon a claim. In addition, the claimant state can also accept any value of compensation and has no obligation to pay the injured national. Thus, the injured citizen is at the mercy of his or her country. Imputability Imputability maintains that a state is only liable for its own acts or omissions. Characters in this case are government officials. Thus, this does not account for actions of private individuals. Imputability results into problems in cases where state officials exceed their powers or disobey instructions. Draft Articles do not apply in all situations especially where specific treaties apply. There is also a challenge in holding a state liable in situations where nonstate actors, such as terrorist groups, NGOs, and multinational organisations may be involved. In this case, some clauses (saving) of Draft Articles maintain that a state may have secondary responsibility for such actors. In cases where certain acts (including ultra vires ) affect the international community, then such matters become orga omnes . Domestic Remedies According to ILC Draft Article 22, any injured person must exhaust all remedies in courts of the defendant country before his or her state proceeds to make international claims. Domestic remedy rule cannot apply when the local courts cannot provide redress for the injured person and injury directly affects the state. A state cannot seek redress for such injuries in another state’s courts. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
He recognizes the importance of risk-takers in any organization and emphasizes that an organization’s strength and life depends on the organization’s risk-takers. In this case, the author suggests that risk-takers deserve promotion and encouragement regardless of whether they fail or succeed in their endeavors. However, the author also addresses the fact that risk-taking poses a threat to a person’s career, especially in the Navy. Nonetheless, risk-taking is fundamental in any organization. Without taking a risk, it is not possible for an organization to try new ways of transacting business and therefore there will be no possibility for innovation. The author under chapter seven emphasizes on the importance of placing reliance on the independent-minded people. Abrashoff talks about the need to have people who are ready to take the initiative. People who rely on taking orders do not provide much for the organization except for the taking of the orders. In chapter seven, the author recognized the need for breaking rules that do not make any sense. In this case, he addressed the importance of risk-taking notwithstanding the need to follow the rules. Going beyond the standard procedure In the eighth chapter of his book, Abrashoff addresses the need to handle old tasks using new methods and approaches. The author acknowledges that innovation and progress come about when an organization goes beyond the laid down procedures of handling tasks. In this case, an organization should envisage what is to come by thinking imaginatively as well as realistically. In chapter eight, the author explains the need to keep the focus on the priorities. In focusing on the priorities, the organization will be in a better position when it comes to dealing with unforeseen challenges as it is already prepared for challenging scenarios. Another point made by the author in chapter eight is in relation to being ahead of all competitors. Despite the fact that this will need extensive planning, it is advantageous in terms of keeping ahead of one’s competitors. The author in chapter eight also provides for the importance of not ignoring the obvious solutions. The non-complicated solutions that are apparent most of the time get the job done. The author also talks about working smart rather than working hard. Building up the people Chapter nine of Abrashoff’s book talks about the need for the leader to instill confidence and strength in his followers. This not only improves the morale and the output of the followers, but it also builds up the leader at a personal level. The author acknowledges that it is part of the leader’s duty to ensure that followers and the employees enjoy their jobs and associate a sense of pride with their jobs. In chapter nine, the author recognizes the impact trust has on any organization. In any organization, trust is the ingredient needed for progressive change. The author also acknowledges that in building one’s team, the new members need hospitable treatment. This instills self-confidence in the newbie as well as enthusiasm in his workmanship. According to Abrashoff, a leader should counsel his followers continuously with honest intentions. This will improve the spirit of the team. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Business Research Methods Essay Table of Contents 1. Sample Design 2. Customer Service Levels 3. Areas of Improvement 4. Impact on Family 5. References Sample Design Home Depot stocks a variety items for home use. When a customer checks in at the Depot, customer service representatives readily provide professional assistance on the products they intend to purchase. The buying process begins when a customer makes informed decisions on the kind of product to purchase and the options available including warranties. The study and analysis was based on qualitative and quantitative data obtained from a questionnaire administered on customers who called in to help identify areas of business process improvements for Home Depot. This formed the source of primary data used in the study. Ethical considerations formed an important aspect of the study (Bryman & Bell 2007). The sample design consisted of a population of 50 customers on whom the survey was conducted. Inspecting various aspects of Home Depot yielded primary data for evaluating the efficiency and professionalism of Home Depot employees and its services and other company operations. According to Bryman and Bell (2007) the analysis was basically anonymous with clearly informed consent on the part of customers. Customer Service Levels A structured questionnaire was administered to customers on an excel spread sheet which formed an important tool for data collection. An analysis of the data indicated that customers were satisfied with the services offered which were characterized with professional attention. In addition to that, it was noted that customers were provided with adequate information about Home Depot products enabling them to make informed decisions on the products they purchased. The use of the cash register machine was identified as an integral part of the business and over 90% of the customers found it convenient. Additional assistance could be offered by Home Depot employees. Areas of Improvement The purchasing process however had points of weaknesses. Braunstein (2007) notes that an analysis of responses indicated a deviation and a negative skew on a statistical mean, median, and mode of the distribution of customers who returned items already bought. Though their distribution was small, yet in the business context, there was need to further educate support staff on the need to be professional in handling post purchase issues and enhance their professional skills in identifying and detailing customer products. In addition the need to employ skilled personnel with technical knowledge on Home Depot products, these could enhance service delivery. However, an analysis indicated that Home Depot management was keen in addressing customer needs (Braunstein 2007). A statistical analysis on a normal curve indicated customer satisfaction with products sold at Home Depot as the in-flaw of customers was on a discrete binomial distribution. The findings expressed positive satisfaction on good product value for their money in addition to well trained attendants in the area of store provisions. Here customer satisfaction was the key concept (Braunstein 2007). According to the findings, 90% of customers indicated that the store layout provided easy access to the purchased product. And those who returned products, constituting only 0.2%, expressed satisfaction on the professional manner in which they were handled. Despite that, the service time for a customer who returned a product was a bit longer and seemed to be a bone of contention. Post purchase services needed improvement. A need for enhancing service delivery by employing skilled personnel for post purchase services was vital. Impact on Family Most family members made a come back for more products from Home depot in addition to most products possessing the characteristics desired by them all indicting products integrated market needs in their designs. Statistical results indicted members from the same family purchased products from the same Depot an indication of satisfaction with Home Depot products. References Braunstein, J. W. (2007). Research Methodology Help for Dissertation Students . Web. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2007). Business Research Method . 2 nd ed. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Intersection Between Irving Street and Mt Pleasant Street Essay This is a description based on an observation that was carried out Intersection of Irving and Mount Pleasant St NW in Washington DC, on two typical weekdays. The intersection connects the one way Irving Street to the two way Mt Pleasant street such that the two streets join in some form of the skewed cross. The streets leading to the intersection are lined with buildings of different construction styles and which host various types of commercial and residential ventures. Because the intersection links various busy streets the first notable observation is a multitude of people in transit using the various means of transport. In the early hours of the day, the roads are virtually devoid of human traffic, but by midday, the sidewalks have a constant flow of pedestrians headed in different directions. Some of these individuals are vendors delivering commodities to stores. The pedestrians are an amalgamation of all types of races. It was easy to point out Chinese, African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics and Ethiopians coming from their homes, walking to the stores or trying to catch a bus. The Spanish language was notably spoken by the Hispanics while some of the African Americans communicated in English heavily laden with slang. Every once in a while a bike rider would pass by the bus stop which by its nature has several commuters awaiting the arrival of their buses. The streets are generally clean and save for the random, reckless passer-by who spits some bit of gum onto the pavement, most of the pedestrians are responsible enough to know that trash belongs in the trash cans. Various of the city council cleaners can be seen cleaning the streets using brooms, and it is almost guaranteed that some fitness conscious individuals will be seen jogging by. Regular and traffic police officers on bikes and in cars are positioned strategically awaiting any occurrence that would warrant their intervention. Postal workers are also seen regularly, and this is occasioned by the presence of a post office at the corner of the block. Parents, mostly mothers, can also be seen pushing walkers across the various streets that connect at this particular intersection. The block has several stores, but the one that stands out is a block store that has several items of clothing hung outside its doors. Other business establishments included Hispanic restaurants, a thrift store selling cell phones owned by a Caucasian family, several beauty salons, a hair salon and a barber shop owned by a Ghanaian lady, a number of apartment buildings, a store supplying beauty products owned by a Hispanic family, an office dealing with tax and legal service and a well-stocked liquor store owned by an American couple. The liquor store attracts a lot of clients from various walks of life, and it is not strange to see crippled men and women ride up the ramps to purchase their favorite alcoholic drink. Most of the stores are owned by individuals of either Hispanic or Ethiopian origins, but the clientele is of mixed diversity. It is not strange to see Ethiopians going to a Hispanic restaurant and Asians buying cell phones from the Caucasian owned thrift store. The buildings and the businesses/rental houses they host are in a fairly good condition, and they give the impression that their owners are well concerned with the maintenance of the structures judging from the numerous cleaners and repairmen seen around taking refurbishing the buildings. The traffic at this intersection is quite heavy on any given weekday, and this is mainly because the various roads connecting at the particular point generally led into and out of the city square where most individuals go to work. The major traffic issue is that there is a constant movement of cars coming from the three main directions and need to make turns at the intersection. The huge number of pedestrians particularly around midday; therefore, renders turns at this point impractical for all intents and purposes. This is particularly worsened by the presence of three pedestrian crossings, one on Irving Street just after the intersection and two on Mt Pleasant Street (one on either side of the intersection). Pedestrians misuse their right of way at the crossings and sometimes proceed to walk on the road even when the vehicles have been given a green light. The human traffic is a constant nightmare for drivers, and sometimes individuals can get held up at a light for up to three cycles just because the cars in front are waiting to make varying turns at the intersection. This, therefore, makes the loud honking and revving of engines a regular feature and if the authorities were more stringent, the intersection could easily be identified as one is where the aspect of noise pollution is ignored. The neighborhood is physically appealing especially because it carried some decent stores. Some of the buildings in the region are probably over fifty years old judging from their architectural constructions. The neighborhood is up and coming, and one can easily see the restructuring works going on with some older structures being taken down and replaced with new buildings. It is very difficult to get directions from the on-foot commuters, and most people will pass you by without any sense of shame even after you have made the visibly conscious effort to stop them. As such, it is much easier to consult the police officers and the cleaners in the area in case one needs any help in identifying the easiest route to a given place. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Simulation and Changes in Decision-Making Techniques Essay Simulation as a random way of making decisions is not very efficient since the outcome is not always good. Suppose the customer randomly goes into a new store, without even knowing the types of goods and services offered there. The outcome will be either a total disappointment or good results. The new shop will attract more customers since the customers tend to think that the shop has good items and services as compared to the old one. In this case, the old shop will therefore be forced to lower the prices to try and attract more customers that have been attracted by the new shop. Lowering the prices with the vision of attracting customers will lead to reduced stock. Reduction in stock does not mean that the profit levels will go down compared to the previous profit margins. Therefore the result will be bringing out the outcome of the random simulation, but if the prices are not lowered, and instead encourage the workers to do more impressive work for the customer, both the store and the customer will get satisfied with each other. The decision of improved labor will bring out better results. Another outcome of the simulation is the old store lowering the prices to compete with the new store since the main aim is attracting more customers to sell more and get more profits. Lowering prices will attract more customers, but the profits made by the two stores will end up being the same since the number of additional customers substitutes the money lost as a result of lowering prices. This will result in interfering with the market prices making other stores lower the prices hence affecting the economy. Lowering prices is not the best option but if the store introduced gifts once an item is sold, more customers would tend to go for the gifted products. The gifts should be in form of small samples, sweets, and other light goodies. Free samples should also be given if a product is new in the market. Giving discounts is also a way of attracting customers in that the more a customer buys, the less the costs will be. This will encourage the customers to buy goods in bulk. Lack of motivation to employees would also be an outcome of the simulation. When there are no customers, the employees will be idle since there are no customers to attend to; the employees, therefore, quit to go work for busier stores. The few left would serve the customers either bored or will be paying less attention to the customers, which would not give satisfactory services to the customer. This will make the customer avoid the particular employee which would eventually lead the customer to avoid the store completely. This will be a loss for the store. Activities like indoor games such as pool tables, darts, and chess boards would be a motivation to the employees. The games would entertain the employees when there are no customers to serve, and they would always wear happy faces hence attracting more customers. Some of the customers would also be interested in playing the games. The store might even start tampering with measurements of goods sold in measurable quantities, thus chasing more customers since no customer wants to be exploited. The best way to deal with simulation when it comes to packaging is using good and attractive coupons. These are the materials used to wrap the good after they are sold. In conclusion, it is always important for all employers to motivate their employees and to find ways of attracting more customers. Motivating workers, good packaging, and selling original goods would bring better outcomes without interfering with the economy and goods sold. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pluralism of Christian Message “Jesus as Savior” Research Paper In his book Gagging of God, D.A. Carson argues that Jesus Christ is still the one and only valid means of reaching salvation and being reunited with God. Far from the antiquated concepts of traditionalism, Carson presents his ideas from a very modern context by introducing the concept of pluralism. As he introduces it, pluralism is a natural outgrowth of the modern confusion of the postmodern world that is based on illusionary fallacies. In pointing out what these fallacies are, Carson begins to help his readers trace their way back to Christianity within the modern context. Throughout his book, D.A. Carson examines the philosophical issues of our day through a contemporary pluralist approach, finding Christianity as the answer to each of the fallacies that are revealed. One of the elements of pluralism that has served to confuse today’s secular culture is the various approaches that have been taken to the ‘true faith.’ According to Carson, a great deal of the confusion felt by would-be Christians today is brought about as a result of the thousands of ‘Christian’ interpretations of the Bible they are given from numerous, equally valid sources. As various evangelists focus their attention more upon growing their ‘church body’ in the form of growing in physical size of the buildings and metaphysical reach of the pulpit, the original message of the Bible has been lost and seems impossible to find for the average layperson. In pointing out how these various conflicting messages have served to confuse the congregation, Carson insists evangelists must return to the text of the Bible and its obvious intentions as a means of finding clarity of message. However, this presents a problem as the Bible itself presents a number of contradictions and ambiguous passages, forcing a degree of interpretation no matter how careful the interpreter and thus introducing the possibility of numerous possibilities, all valid and within a potential ‘intention’ of the original writer. Although it would seem like a self-defining term in many cases, the truth is that pluralism itself has created confusion in many fields, including Christianity. “The only absolute creed is the creed of pluralism. No religion has the right to pronounce itself right or true, and the others false, or even (in the majority view) relatively inferior … In particular it is bound up with the new hermeneutic and with its stepchild, deconstruction. The outlook that it spawns is often labeled postmodernism” (19). The three general categories of pluralism Carson identifies are classified as empirical pluralism, cherished pluralism and philosophical pluralism. Empirical pluralism refers to the central physical realities of American society. This form of pluralism refers to the level of protected diversity within the modern culture. Cherished pluralism refers to the cultural sense of pride Americans take in this sort of diversity. They truly believe themselves to be the only ‘free’ nation on earth that permits such individualism and take a great deal of pride in this idea. Carson identifies philosophical pluralism as the parent of deconstructionism. This philosophy insists that there are no right or wrong answers, only different ways of looking at things. The flip side of this concept, though, is that there is no security or meaning to be found, leaving individuals free-floating and with no direction. The simplest understanding of pluralism, then, is that meaning is only based on the interpreter’s understanding and there is no meaning beyond this. However, Carson argues against this idea. He points out that a strict interpretation of this theory would refute any intended meaning on the part of the author or any shared general understanding of cultural concepts and ideas. Because people in a given society do have certain shared concepts, at least in general terms, and authors use familiar terms of expression and communication to share their ideas, Carson suggests that original intention can be ‘inferred’ to a great degree. As this is true, pluralism must also be relative. This means that it has different validity to a given situation or may have no validity at all and can therefore be dismissed from consideration. Using the techniques of pluralism itself, then, Carson illustrates how the central idea is flawed forcing confusion where only clarity should be found. To illustrate his conception of the ability to determine author intention, including God’s intention in writing the Bible, Carson insists one must take a long view rather than allowing oneself to become lost in the analysis of minute parts to the point of abstraction and meaningless. Through this discussion, he reveals that even the Bible presents a strong plot-line, through which one can accurately interpret its various subplots and stories. By including in this discussion the various ways in which pluralism has been used to create political ‘spin’ and confuse issues to the point where Americans no longer understand what they are voting for and in other aspects of ‘real’ life, such as in the legal and business worlds, Carson ensures he touches on some nerve for most of his readers. By breaking down meaning into its component parts of meaningless sounds, pluralism has effectively removed any sense of solidity in the world, whether one is discussing politics, law, business or religion. However, examining pluralism as it is manifested provides the sought-for escape from madness. Carson continues to point out how a Christian perspective and response, based on information presented in the Bible itself as it was intended to be read, are the most effective means of dealing with these issues. References Carson, D.A. (1996). Gagging of God: Christianity Confronts Pluralism. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
However, along with all of her astounding successes Jones is known for her courageous fight with such an exhausting and terrible malady as bipolar II disorder. The actress appeared in such a sad condition with her mental health under the effect of numerous stressful experiences she had to go through during the latest period of time including her husband’s stage four cancer diagnosis, and a long and tiresome court lawsuit with her husband’s first wife. After spending some time in the specialized medical establishment under varied types of medication, the celebrity’s mental condition of is reported to be greatly improved. As a result during the last period of time the actress went back to her filming activity, and she is now shot in two promising pictures which are expected to appear on screens in 2012. Jones’ strong will and unconquerable spirit helped her in her fight with this serious problem. Catherine grew in the family of a seamstress of Irish descendent and a sweet factory owner. The family presented their daughter with brilliant education and high moral principles. Catherine seemed to be created for a “cloudless” life for all the period of its duration. However, at the age of 41 Jones had to face the saddest stage of her life as she was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. Speaking about her condition to the moment of her first visit to the specialist, it should be stated that it appeared to be rather severe one. Catherine had to deal with sudden mood changes; and the saddest part of it was in their shift to much longer periods of being severely depressed with attacks of panic and extreme feeling of gloominess. The stage of being depressed at times shifted to a different stage of euphoria. Upon her call to a doctor, Catherine was shocked to learn that she is sick with bipolar II disorder. With regards to the reasons of such a severe mental condition Catherine appeared to find herself in, a row of complicated problems the actress had to face should be mentioned. Jones had to face such tiresome and draining events in her life as her husband’s Michael Douglas stage IV throat cancer and a long fight with this terrible disease, and a court fight with his first wife. Such strong stress reduced the actress’ defensive powers, and she found herself in a long period of being depressed. With the duration of time, her condition became even worse as she came to have sudden mood changes which frightened her on the reason of their extreme character. As a result of all these negative developments the actress had to turn to a doctor who diagnosed her with bipolar II disorder. The doctor offered qualified help which permitted the actress to go back to her favorite activities, and to continue filming. At the latest period of time Jones readily shares her experience in order to ensure those people who came to face such complicated mental problem as bipolar II disorder that their diagnosis is not the end, and they must fight for their future well-being along with the well-being of their families and close ones. Discussing the treatment and medication provided for the actress, it should be mentioned that they are quite many, of course, and took a significant period of time. After experiencing a row of exhausting symptoms the actress decided to check her condition in a specialized medical facility, and to stay there for treatment. One of the major procedures she was subjected to was psychotherapy. This treatment gave its results, and during the current period of time the actress admits significant improvements in her mental condition. This fact is especially optimistic on the reason of the diagnosis’ nature. It is well-known that nowadays bipolar II disorder is considered to be incurable mental condition which may only be controlled and not allowed to progress as a result. Of course, such positive result received during the process of Catherine’s being under medication is mainly dependant on the patient’s own efforts. It is vital and the most important first to step to recognize that you do have such problem. This is one of the most serious challenges for any person, and for public person this is even much more difficult. Thus, Jones’ example is very encouraging to all those people having similar problem as the actress was remarkably honest with herself, her family and her doctor, which helped her in achieving considerable progress in her fight with her sad mental condition. Concluding on all the information related above, it should be stated that famous actress Catherine Zeta Jones is an excellent example of a courageous person who is successfully fighting with such a terrible mental diagnosis as bipolar II disorder. Jones success is in the support from her loving family along with her own innumerable efforts directed to overcoming this sad health situation of hers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Automatic Snog-Vending Machine Essay Business idea self-vending machine of Snog Ice-creams With rising competition in the hospitality industry coupled with high operating costs, companies in the sector need to develop strategies to improve their competitiveness and brand strength growth. Snog Limited is renowned ice-cream and snacks makers and seller in the United Kingdom; the company has a strong brand name and one of the leading sellers in the subsector. With its strong brand name, the company has a chance of brand extension; brand extension is a management term used to mean a diversity of business in the same line with the traditional business system but support for the new system is expected to have originated from the strength of the companies brand. This paper briefly discusses a brand extension applicable at Snog Limited in the nature of new business idea. The Product: Snog Snog is a delicious frozen yogurt that comes in different flavors like chocolate, mango, forest fruits, pineapple, and vanilla; the product was introduced in the United Kingdom in 2007 by Snog Limited. The low fat product is made from fresh non-fat organic yogurt and organic skimmed milk; the product offers a healthy meal to the user. Since the introduction of the product, it has been gaining support and the brand name strengthening in the market. The product is sold in groceries, airports, cafes, cinemas, and theatres. The innovation of the company will be establishment of vending machine to populated places where customers and lovers of the product can get them at their convenience. The business idea: Automatic Snog-Vending Machine With the strength of the brand, it should be made accessible to the people at their own convenience; with a vending machine, the company will increase the accessibility of the product to the people. A vending machine is a self-serving machine whereby a customer only needs to give the machine instructions of the product (in terms of size, flavor, and color) that he or she want. After paying for the product, the customer will automatically get the product according to his/her description. The technology involved in the machine involves giving instructions that are interpolated by the machine and give the desired results, which is the product. The machine will have the capacity to recognize fake money, give the right change, and thank the customer for the service. Other than recognizing currency, the machine will be accepting Visa-cards, credit-cards, debit-cards, and Automated terror machine cards. On the face of the machine, it will be running different categories of the products in the form of sizes and flavor, a customer only needs to tap the commodity he or she will be interested in and the process starts. To facilitate ease in managing the outlet, it will be connected with the company’s integrated stock management system; with the integration it will sense when there is need to refill or when some of the products have become stale thus need to be disposed. A record of all monies that have been collected during a certain period will be maintained by the system. Although the initialization cost of the machine is high, the company will benefit from the innovation as it will access a large number of customers at a minimal cost. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Employment Status, Dismissals and Exit Interviews Essay Types of employment statuses and the importance of identifying an individual’s employment status Three types of employment statuses include the worker, the employee and the self-employed. A worker is a person who fulfils daily duty requirements, hired either on a daily basis or for a fixed term to help in the production system. The worker’s contribution to the company is significant because the worker helps reduce the workload so that the organization can achieve its goals and objectives. An employee is a person who has a regular term of reference in the company, thus able to enjoy the full benefits of the employment contract. The employee contributes to the improvement of the production system without leaving a vacuum. A self-employed person is the individual carrying out his or her business without being subjected to another person’s rules. Self-employment increases specialization and the desire to succeed in advancing the quality of service offered in a company. In addition, it promotes the employment status of a person. Three reasons can be cited for the importance of identifying an individual’s employment status. First, it helps to determine the role that the individual is supposed to play in an organization. Secondly, the status helps to determine the obligations of the employer towards the individual, and the rights of the individual. For example, only employees may present claims of unfair dismissal by an employer and the employer is liable for the actions of the employee and not the self-employed. Thirdly, determination of employment status helps an organization to determine the benefits that the individual is entitled to. For example, the remuneration of an employee is the net amount because of tax deductions. In contrast, the remuneration of a self-employed individual is the gross amount without deductions. Individuals in the three statuses enjoy different benefits and perform different roles. In addition, employers have different obligations to individuals in each of the three statuses. Employment status determines the employer-employee relationship, which determines the control that an employer has over the employee. In addition, it determines the rights that are applied in legal mediation for cases in which the employer commits labour malpractices against the employee. The difference between fair and unfair dismissals In case of an employee’s dismissal, the employer must give convincing reasons for the dismissal. Otherwise, it will be considered an unfair dismissal. An employer has to show the negative effect of an employee’s actions on the company in order to validate the dismissal. For example, an employer may prove that the actions of the employee resulted in a decline in productivity, the employee exhibited dangerous behaviour that affected other employees negatively, and the employee violated the company’s policies. Examples of reasons that constitute fair dismissal include redundancy, conduct, capability and contravention of the law. Redundancy occurs when an employee loses a job because of reasons such as business closure or staff downsizing, which are caused by financial constraints or reorganization. An individual may also be dismissed if his/her retention goes against the provisions of the law. For example, if an employee loses his/her work permit due to carelessness, the dismissal is considered fair. An employee may be dismissed on grounds of conduct if he/she fails to fulfil the required standards of expected behaviour or practices. In addition, dismissal is fair if an employee is no longer able to perform his/her tasks due to factors such as poor health and misconduct. Reasons for unfair dismissal include pregnancy, religious or political opinions, race or sexual orientation and procedural irregularities. Dismissal is unfair if an employee is dismissed because of giving their religious or political opinions, or because of their gender or race. In addition, dismissal is unfair if it is related to pregnancy issues such as breastfeeding. Employers should strictly adhere to the ACAS Code of Practice to ensure that the dismissal of any employee is fair. Unfair dismissal results if the employer fails to follow the ACAS Code of Conduct. Since all employees have a right to fair treatment, they can appeal if they consider their dismissal unfair. The importance of exit interviews with both parties Exit interviews are beneficial to employers and employees. They are conducted when an employee exits a company, be it because of dismissal or resignation. Exit interviews help employers to understand the reasons for an employee’s exit, and his/her experience with the working environment of the company. The employer can gather useful information on the most efficient programs in the company and the effect of policies on productivity and efficiency. They help employers understand the employees’ perceptions of the company’s working conditions, management, benefit and reward schemes, remuneration, and policies. Exit interviews that are conducted well help employers to solve issues that may result in lawsuits. Exit interviews can provide employers with honest feedback that they can use to make significant changes in the company. For employees, exit interviews help to understand the reasons for their exit in cases of dismissal and aids in the evaluation of the quality of their skills and qualifications. In addition, they help employees resolve any conflicts or disagreements with the employer that may result in lawsuits. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Leadership and Governance Report (Assessment) Leadership is a new concept which requires people to influence others to achieve goals. Leadership concerns about doing the right things. This implies that leadership should be practiced through attitude and actions rather than words. Leadership should be taken as a process of influencing others to achieve organizational goals. In this context, a true leader is the one who has the capability to influence a given group towards achievement of group targets and mission. Some people regard a good leader as a person who embraces the best leadership style and has the desirable qualities of leadership. For instance, an individual can be regarded an excellent leader if he or she embraces transformational leadership and possesses traits such as charisma, honesty, integrity, magnanimity, trustworthy, or considerate. According to Drouillard and Kleiner (1996), strong leadership can be defined in terms of morality and goodness. It involves influencing others through reason and inclusion to achieve long term interests for the well-being of the organization, individuals, groups or society. Management and leadership cannot be interchangeable. For instance, leaders and managers should influence the thoughts and actions of the followers or subordinates through commitment, creativity, concern for others, and embracing experiments or changes. At the same time, exemplary leadership should recognize self and potential mistakes and take appropriate measures to minimize them (Drouillard & Kleiner, 1996). Business governance is concerned with how a business should be efficiently managed. The major purpose of governance is to ensure efficient allocation of resources. This creates stakeholders’ value from the business. Good corporate governance enables firms to generate adequate revenues for sustainability of the business. Corporate governance has a net impact on the performance of a business and should be applied efficiently (Strange, Filatotchev, Buck & Wright, 2009). Efficient and effective leadership are the key drivers in efficient and effective corporate governance. Managers should embrace change in the organization if the organization has to achieve goals. Mistakes at the corporate governance level can be fatal to the organization. Change in the organization should be reasoned out and should be viewed as a continuum from incremental to transformational. The business managers should have a starting point for driving the change and should be aware of the difficulties to be encountered during change periods and devise means of overcoming the difficulties (Strange, Filatotchev, Buck & Wright, 2009). The most difficult change situations are individual beliefs, political power and culture. It requires strong leadership at the corporate level to initiate change for all these dimensions. For instance, a change in corporate culture requires management to focus on the result of such a change (Mason, 2006). At the same time, change process should focus on how change should be executed and the relationships between the subordinates. Managing change at this level also calls for maximum and appropriate involvement of groups and individuals within an organization. Another example of how managers can manage change is through facilitation of discussion through prioritization and polling. The management can design a pathway to action, share and inspire the subordinates and groups towards achievement of change purpose. The management should lead in developing new ideas and forcing the pace of change in an organization. There is no distinction between management and leadership since management is action oriented. Through the involvement of subordinates, the obstacles and resistances to changes are surmountable, and business goals and objectives are achieved efficiently (Mason, 2006). Reference List Drouillard, E. S., & Kleiner, H. B 1996, ““Good” leadership”, Management Development Review , vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 30 – 33. Mason, C 2006, ‘What makes a good leader? (Cover story)’, Primary Health Care , vol. 16, No. 10, pp. 18-20. Strange, R., Filatotchev, I., Buck, T., & Wright, M 2009, “Corporate Governance and International Business”, Management International Review , vol. 49 no. 4, pp. 395-407. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A decade filled with love-loving hippies, The Beatles are conquering the hearts of Americans from across the Atlantic and the roaring popularity of the civil rights movement. With activism on the rise and the atmosphere of hope and change in the air, it is easy to disregard the negative parts of the 60s, which were all too real. The Vietnam War, the inner-city riots, and assassinations played an important role in shaping the decade and becoming a turning point in American politics and society. In 1968, the US entered the Sixth Party System, with the murder of Martin Luther King Jr. 1968 becoming a turning point in American politics and society. Background American Politics Pre-1960s Over the years of existence in the modern United States, there have been numerous iterations of the party systems and political structures in the attempts to address the differences between Democrats and Conservatives. The previous party system, the Fifth, was established in 1932 under Franklin D. Roosevelt. Under such a structure, the opposing factions, New Deal Coalition and Conservative Coalition consisted of the members of each of the original parties, namely Democrats and Conservatives. However, the intra-party ideological groups did not prevail for long, and after the events of the 1960s, including the Civil Rights movement and Cold War, the decade gave birth to the Sixth Party System. As a result, Republicans and conservative ideals became more prominent in the US political scene, gaining dominance over the Democrats for decades to come. Key Events of the 1960s As mentioned, the 60s are famous for their tremendous effect on the events of the time and the decades to come. The key events leading up to the 1968 political changes in the party system included both national and international affairs. The decade was packed with the Cold War and the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights movement, the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and John F. Kennedy, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the landing on the moon. While these events might seem disconnected from each other, together, they brought together the societal and political change that allowed the decrease in government intervention in the economy and laissez-faire capitalism. Furthermore, the rise of Christianity in the US facilitates the mass appeal of conservative ideals. Americans were no longer content with compromising their ideals, combining the opposing views, which led to the separation of conservatism from the democratic ideology and the creation of two distinct parties. The events of the 1960s showed American society the need for the limitation of governmental power in the decisions that are made on behalf of the citizens. Millions protested military action and the complacency of the American people, such as can be seen in the Port Huron Statement by the Students for a Democratic Society, 1962 (“The American Yawp Reader,” 2022). This bold statement proposed by young activists emphasizes the need for action to be taken to rescue American society from destruction by excessive militarism and cultural alienation. Not only were the activist movements of the times loud and obnoxious, but they were often heard by authorities and even referred to, such as in Lyndon Johnson’s speech on Voting Rights in 1965 (“The American Yawp Reader,” 2022). Using the language of the activists and the promises that were made to Americans in the past years, he gave authority and validity to the societal changes. At the same time, Americans were fighting for the preservation of their identity and individual freedoms. There is no surprise that, as a result, government intervention in the economy decreased, and the general popular ideology returned to the traditional values, especially after the liberal years that preceded it. Aftermath Who Triumphed? As a result of the political changes, as mentioned above, the Republican party came out on top. Unlike in the previous decades, the parties were no longer mixed in their composition, and instead, the majority of the power lay solely in the hands of the conservatives. While the Democrat party retained its power over some states, the majority of the population became or remained affiliated with the Republicans. This new era first became known as the Raegan era and had since then endured a number of events and occasions. Conclusion As mentioned above, the parties separated once again, with the conservatives and the democrats gaining their own seats at the table. While originally, the changes led to the spike in the popularity of conservatives, over the past few years, the Democrats have begun to regain their popularity. The differences in the ideologies remain as high as ever, and the extreme nature of the opposition between the two parties does not allow for effective cooperation between them. Nevertheless, it might be the case that the new party system will be established soon, whatever it might be. All that is clear is that history shows that the changes in society drive political and structural changes and vice versa. Work Cited The American Yawp . Stanford University Press Edition, 2022. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mattel Inc.’s Stakeholder Analysis Essay Mattel Inc. has its headquarters in California, USA. The company is the largest toy manufacturing company in the world. The company’s manufacturing operation division is in China; it closed all its manufacturing subsidiaries in the USA, to reduce production costs. Strategies to carry out stakeholder analysis in Mattel Inc. are stakeholder mapping and stakeholder audit. According to Freeman (2005, p.131), the stakeholder analysis helps an organization to determine how different levels of cooperation and threats by stakeholders affect the organization. The stakeholder mapping strategy helps to determine the level of interest and influence various stakeholders have on the organization (Bjorn, Fagerhaug, & Onseyen, 2008, p.32). Stakeholders of Mattel Inc. include customers, employees, supplies, government, and environmental groups. Customers are primary stakeholders for they determine the strategies adopted by the organization while employees support the organization to implement the strategies adopted. On the other hand, suppliers play a critical role by providing raw material for production with the government formulating rules and regulations that govern an industry. Finally, environmental groups praise or condemn the impact of the organization’s operations on the environment. Various stakeholders support the organization in different ways; for instance, the customers of Mattel have helped the organization achieve its profitability goals, the employees of the organization provide affordable labor necessary for the organization to achieve cost reduction strategy; the suppliers provide raw material to ensure cost reduction during production. On its part, the government has played a key role in ensuring the organization follows the prescribed rules and regulations in the industry to avoid children getting lead poisoning from their toys while the environmental groups have been condemning Mattel Inc. for environmental degradation for using packaging materials from Asia Pulp Company. To gain stakeholder buy-in and commitment, Mattel Inc. should use different and appropriate strategies for each group of stakeholders (Weiss, 2009, p.44). Mattel Inc. should communicate to its customers through advertisement and to employees through meetings. Negotiations would be appropriate for suppliers, government, and environmental groups. References Bjorn, A., Fagerhaug, T., Onseyen, L. E. (2008). Mapping Work Processes. USA: ASQ Quality Press. Freeman, E. (2005). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. USA: Cambridge University Press. Weiss, J. W. (2009). Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach. The USA. Cengage Learning Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Situation Description 3. Thomas-Kilmann Assessment in Relation to the Conflict 4. Conflict Outcomes 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction The use of leadership qualities in the workplace involves not only stimulating the activity of colleagues but also participating in conflict resolution. Appropriate strategies aimed at maintaining a favorable working microclimate allow achieving high-performance outcomes and avoiding misunderstandings in the team. Regardless of the type of conflict (interpersonal, group, and other forms), correct approaches should be followed by team leaders in order to prevent tense situations. On the example of one of the recent conflicts that occurred in the workplace, it is possible to describe the importance of leadership measures with regard to the problem discussed. The outcomes of the disagreement were positive, which, nevertheless, cannot guarantee the absence of the repetition of a similar situation in the future. The role of the leader in resolving conflicts in the workplace is significant, and maintaining an appropriate style of work is to be an indispensable condition for labor activities. Situation Description Conflicts in the workplace always bring inconvenience to both its immediate participants and colleagues who are forced to engage in their activities in a tense atmosphere. The recent case is the proof of this statement, and almost all the members of the collective were involved in an unpleasant case. It was the misunderstanding that occurred between my two colleagues on the basis of disagreements in the performance of a specific task. I happened to witness a nascent quarrel and call colleagues to order. Nevertheless, a consensus was not reached long, and both parties stood by their opinions. Despite the fact that only two members of the team sorted things out, all the staff was involved in their case since the further mode of work depending on the adoption of this or that decision. Some members of the group took the side of the initiator of the conflict, and some supported the other one. As a result, work was suspended, and serious tension was felt among colleagues. This case cannot be considered an insignificant disagreement between two employees. According to Einarsen, Skogstad, Rørvik, Lande, and Nielsen (2018), “interpersonal conflict may come in the shape of isolated incidents” (p. 553). However, in this context, different participants were involved, which necessitated the search for appropriate resolution strategies. I managed to talk to both sides and find out the reasons for their discontent. If I had not done it, it is likely that the consequences of misunderstanding would have been alarming, and significant challenges would have been observed in the process of work. Thomas-Kilmann Assessment in Relation to the Conflict When evaluating the degree of conflict and its possible consequences, it is possible to pay attention to those current theoretical concepts that are relevant to this topic. In particular, the Thomas-Kilmann assessment submitted by Riasi and Asadzadeh (2015) may allow describing the correctness of actions to eliminate misunderstanding. This approach provides for five possible resolution modes, and I resorted to the help of a collaborating style that involved satisfying the requirements of both parties for the sake of a common goal (Riasi & Asadzadeh, 2015). This method of reconciliation made it possible to take into account the opinions of two opposing colleagues and to satisfy their ideas partially, which satisfied each of them. Conflict Outcomes In the end, the situation was resolved safely, and both conflicting parties came to an agreement. We decided to take into account the position of each of our colleagues and introduce some actions that they proposed. In many respects, a successful outcome was ensured by the timely resolution of misunderstanding; otherwise, the employees could struggle for a long time, which would have a negative impact on the results of work. The application of the concept of collaboration has become a successful and valuable measure in addressing this issue. Conclusion Maintaining the appropriate style of conflict resolution in the workplace is a valuable leadership feature that should be promoted to achieve high-performance results. The application of a collaborative pattern as one of the modes of misunderstanding control allows meeting the needs of opposing sides and avoiding dangerous consequences. Timely intervention in interpersonal conflict is an obligatory measure since even in case of disagreement between two participants, the interests of other people may be affected, which is unacceptable in the workplace. References Einarsen, S., Skogstad, A., Rørvik, E., Lande, Å. B., & Nielsen, M. B. (2018). Climate for conflict management, exposure to workplace bullying and work engagement: A moderated mediation analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 29 (3), 549-570. Web. Riasi, A., & Asadzadeh, N. (2015). The relationship between principals’ reward power and their conflict management styles based on Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument. Management Science Letters , 5 (6), 611-618. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
William Carlos was born and grew up in America (Williams 2004). He was known for imagism and modernism insisting that poetry should be based on day to day circumstances that touch on the common people. He advocated for the adoption of modern poetic technics. W.H Auden, on the other hand, was born in England and spent part of his life in America. On the contrary, he stood for local poetic technics insisting on the need to uphold the traditional British styles of poetry (Bloomfield & Mendelson 2003). In comparing the two poems, Landscape with the fall of Icarus and Musee des Beaux-Arts, the two poetry writing styles stand out. William Carlos representing American poetry employs a style called stepped triadic line. This involves a long continuous line divided into three segments that make up a stanza in a poem. On the other hand, W.H Auden representing British poetry uses a style known as free verse. This style more or less resembles a paragraph in an essay. It involves the use of long irregular sentences within the poetic structure. The writer is limited to neither sentence length nor the number of sentences in a verse and therefore they have the freedom to have as many sentences as one can in order to relay the message (Baym 2007). There is a difference in general poem structure between American and British poetry. American poetry assumes the stanza format, as is the case with Landscape with the fall of Icarus where the poem is written in stanzas where sentences are arranged to form stanzas in the poem. Each stanza may be thematically independent or depend on other stanzas of the poem. British poetry employs a verse structure as evident in Musee des Beaux-Arts. In this structure, sentences are written in prose to form verses whose lengths are determined by the poet. Thus, while a poem in American poetry comprises of stanzas, a poem in British poetry is made up of verses (DeMaria 2001). Language complexity is another difference between the two forms of poetry. The poem by William Carlos is written in a simple diction that can be read and understood with ease. It also misses poetic devices of rhythm from a poetic point of view but is evident in present-day conversation. On the contrary, Auden uses complex sentences in order to attain musicality and rhythm in the poem. For instance “dogs go on with their doggy life”, this needs interpretation to reveal the intended meaning. Hence, American poems can be easily analyzed while analysis of British poetry is slightly harder due to the complexity of the language used (Longenbach 2007). Themes in American poetry as presented by William Carlos are usually in real life situations touching on people and nature. In his poem, William talks of the activities that took place in that spring. He talks of a farmer in the fields and the hot sun which are purely human activities and nature. Themes in British poetry are real but majorly focus on morals. Although Auden’s poem is based on Breughel’s era which is mythical, the farmer might be blamed for moral negligence since he could have noticed Icarus drowning. The first point of the poem Musee des Beaux Arts also talks of suffering martyrdom which is a real-life situation. Thus, the major differences in the two forms of poetry can be said to be writing styles, poem structure and finally thematic concerns of the poems. Works Cited Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology of American Literature . New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. Print. Bloomfield, Charles & Mendelson Edward . W. H. Auden a Bibliography, 1924–1969 . Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 2003. Print. DeMaria, Robert. British Literature 1640–1789: An Anthology , New York, NY: Blackwell Publishing, 2001. Print. Longenbach, James. Modern Poetry after Modernism . London, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Williams, Carlos William. Pictures from Brueghel and other poems: collected poems 1950-1962 . New York, NY: New Directions, 2004. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The anointment of Barack Obama as the first African American President of the United States has signaled to the world that American democracy has finally matured and that it is truly the land of opportunity where dreams can come true. However, no President since Roosevelt has had to face problems of such gigantic proportions as Barack Obama now faces. Amidst a global meltdown triggered by the near-collapse of the American economy, a war machine overstretched across the world bled by two vexing theatres in Iraq and Afghanistan and an unflattering global image, Obama has very little time to put into place corrective measures. People usually give the new President the first 100 days in office to get to the grips of the job that he has inherited. In Obama’s case, he had to hit the ground running. This essay focuses on how Obama has fared till now. Despite the stupendous challenges, Obama has performed remarkably well in such a short time. This has been made possible because of adequate homework and analysis having been carried out during the campaign trail and crystallizing a certain ‘way ahead’ during that period. Obama had promised that he would focus on Afghanistan and reduce troops in Iraq, which he considers to be an American folly inherited from George W Bush. He has made good these promises by ordering an additional 30,000 troops into Afghanistan and agreeing to a drawdown in Iraq. Some critics say that this measure is very similar to the Bush policies. The fact is that corrective measures on the war front would have to be put into place gradually. After all, no leader can precipitously pull out of a quagmire which would only lead to more disaster. In that Obama has displayed admirable sagacity. On the direction of foreign policy, the Obama administration has restored the system to its rightful owners – the State department that had been hijacked by the Defense Department under Rumsfeld and Cheney who de facto ran the American Foreign policy under Bush with disastrous results. It is on the economy that Obama has faced numerous criticisms both from the left and right sides of the political spectrum. The $ 787 billion stimulus plan is seen by many as too much ‘bail out’ and very little ‘start up’. The criticism is unwarranted. After all, permitting the demise of General Motors, Citibank, and other American institutions on whom thousands of American jobs depend would be foolhardy and poor economics. Obama has ensured that institutions handed the bailouts tighten their belts and cut down on extravagant salaries, a measure that is being applauded by everyone. To his credit, he has endeavored to inculcate a politics of consensus to change the rules on the ‘Beltway’. He has also been unusually honest in admitting to his mistakes in choosing high officials, a quality unseen on Capitol Hill for many a decade. Most importantly, Obama inspires hope and is seen as complying with the promises that he made while on the campaign trail. By all yardsticks, given the short time elapsed, Obama is doing pretty well, and Yes! He Can and Will Deliver. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Therefore, these two mechanisms can ensure an effective and well-balanced economic performance of a country and prevent the risks of an economic recession. Otherwise stated, Keynesian theorists believed it critical that the government interferes in the market to ensure a consistent economic growth. In the meantime, it would be unfair to claim that the supporters of Keynesian theory rejected the importance of other sources of spending except for the governmental resource. They likewise considered the importance of business investments or social expenditures, though they did not regard them as the tool capable of spurring an economic growth (“Episode 5”). The practice has shown that Keynesian’s assumptions were rather grounded as the so-called “invisible hand of the market” does not possess sufficient power as it is initially expected – hence, it cannot ensure a stable economic growth and hazards, in such a manner, the country’s wealth. Hayek’s theory, in its turn, puts a particular emphasis on the coordination of humans’ actions in terms of economics. Therefore, Hayek believed that human actions are mainly determined by the market dynamics; the latter is free and spontaneous. The pivot point of the Hayek’s theory is the consideration of those factors that illustrate the market’s failure to coordinate human’s actions in an appropriate manner and the consequences of this failure such as unemployment (“Episode 5”). At this point, it should be noted that admitting the problem of unemployment Hayek contradicted his own assumption that free market coordinates humans’ activity effectively. Therefore, the two economists targeted to explain one and the same problem – the root of unemployment and its elimination. Generally speaking, Keynes relied on the assumption that unemployment is determined by the joined demand rather than by the labor cost (“Episode 5”). He was right pointing out that the government can reduce unemployment by affecting the joined demand level. Hayek would argue that this intervention resulted in the increased inflation. This argument was likewise rational, but the economist overlooked the fact that reduced unemployment and increased inflation can coexist. Works Cited “Episode 5.” Capitalism. , Icarus Films. Brooklyn, New York. 2014. Television. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Browning’s “”My Last Duchess”” vs. Poe’s “”The Cask of Amontillado””” Essay My Last Duchess The speaker is a lover of arts. He appreciates the appearance of the picture calling it a wonder. He, however, is skeptical of its appearance suggesting that the picture looks as though the Duchess is still alive. This tends to suggest that he does not regret the death of the Duchess. Moreover, it exposes his hatred for the Duchess who is dead. He is possessive having drawn a curtain to the picture so that only he can see it. While the beauty of the picture is so nice he would want to show off, his selfishness prompts him to draw a curtain over the picture. The speaker tends to hate the Duchess; he says his presence never made her happy. She was delighted by other things. The speaker is angry with the Duchess’s easily impressed demeanor. He says her heart was made glad too soon. The speaker is jealous saying her looks went everywhere. The speaker feels unappreciated and unattended to by the Duchess. He says she concentrated on other things like the mule she rode and the bough of cherries. He has a proud demeanor saying he would not stoop as low as the Duchess did. The speaker is dictatorial because he did give commands which were unappreciated by the Duchess as the commands stopped her smiles. He, however, never stops commanding often wanting to exercise control over the Duchess. He is regretful of the dowry he did pay and thinks the Duchess was just pretentious. These revelations evoke feelings of hatred for the speaker. It creates a feeling that the death of the Duchess was a relief to her person. The speaker must have imprisoned her in some way. Her freedom was curtailed, and she had to impress. The pride and non-remorseful demeanor of the speaker evoke the feeling of disgust. This is further exacerbated by the speaker’s selfishness always wanting attention. The Cask of Amontillado Montresor is one vengeful man from the onset. He narrates his singular mission to avenge an insult on his person. He is a proud man who will never allow insults to pass by. He even completes his narrative by asserting that, for over half a century, nobody has insulted him. It is this fact that makes him feel vindicated by his action of burying Fortunato alive. Montresor is a bright schemer. He is disappointed by his friend having insulted him. He thinks carefully about how he can have his revenge. By taking advantage of Fortunato’s weakness for the amontillado he not only comes out as bright but is opportunistic. He would not tackle the issue head-on but would hit from below the belt. He is pretentious. As they travel to get the supposed amontillado he pretends to care for Fortunato. At first, he expresses concern over wasting his friend’s time yet he can as well use the services of Luchresi. He afterward opines that the cold Fortunato is suffering from could be fatal. Fortunato, however, soldiers on very unsuspectingly. Further, Montresor pretends to be appreciative of Fortunato’s position in society. He insists that he is important to society and seizes to be responsible for the former’s demise. Fortunato is determined, and despite the sorry state of his friend, he tags him along to his demise. However, Fortunato is presented as being merciless. How he incessantly buries his friend alive is inhumane. He soldiers on with the process of filling the masonry with his stuff up to the eleventh tier and leaves only after satisfied that indeed his friend is history. These revelations of the person of Montresor evoke feelings of hatred and disgust for him. The feeling generally is that Montresor overstretched his revenge. He went overboard in his mission. His highly pretentious nature evokes a lot of mistrust, which contributes to the feeling of hatred and disgust in his person. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Consequently, it is important to stay updated and understand all modern trends or changes. A number of associations located in the United States provide students and workers in this area to expand their knowledge and make sure that they can adjust to quick changes. American Jail Association is aimed to support workers who are connected with the national jail system and update them with the latest changes in the sphere. Graduating students need support at the early stages of their career development. American Jail Association is one of the best organizations that can help young professionals in the beginning. According to Reinhart and Chen (2021), the organization makes everything possible to maintain a high level of public safety by educating specialists in the crime industry. By becoming a part of the association, people are guarded to receive high-quality training and make correct decisions by using the right data from reliable sources. Moreover, participants of the American Jail Association become more confident that they are helping the community. The criminal justice area has a fast-changing trend that requires professionals to stay current and modern in their decision-making skills. Participation in any associations makes the process of adjustment to changes easier as it would take more time and effort to do individual work without additional support. The American Jail Association membership would help me improve my knowledge in the professional area and become a competent worker in the criminal industry. More unique cases, which should be analyzed, appear, and the organization would greatly impact my learning experience related to these extraordinary situations. Reference Reinhar, E. & Chen, D. L. (2021). Association of Jail Decarceration and Anticontagion Policies with COVID-19 Case Growth Rates in US Countries . JAMA Network Open, 4 (9). doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23405 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Importance of Stories in the Person’s Life according to Persepolis Essay The life of any individual consists of a lot of significant stories and details which shape the personality because these stories provide the discussion of the real experiences or real scenarios which are possible to be used or followed by the other people. In her graphic novel Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi presents the autobiographical story, which is based on the combination of the other persons’ life experiences, which became influential for Marjane’s life. Creating her own story, Marjane was affected by many different and rather vivid stories heard and observed during her life. It is possible to refer to the relatives’ experiences, to the family’s story, or stories of the most influential and respected people as they were discussed by Marjane. Furthermore, it is also necessary to refer to the historic events as the important background for forming the personal vision of the reality. Thus, all the stories which were heard or discussed by Marjane affected her life and personal experience significantly because the young woman not only acted in relation to her considerations influenced by the conclusions made from stories but also assessed the life situations with references to these events and the other persons’ experience. The story of Marjane’s life is presented in the book from her childhood, when the first visions of the world are formed, to the adulthood, when the previous experience is rethought from the point of more deep analysis, and this experience acquires the new meaning for the person’s development. That is why, Satrapi not only tells the specific autobiographical story but also comments on the importance of different stories in the personal life as the significant and influential background of the personal growth. The book is the collection of a lot of stories, and each of them symbolizes the important stage in Marji’s development. The author effectively uses a number of situations to create the complex picture with the help of their chronological presentation. Marji’s first desire to reject the social repression is observed when she does not understand the necessity to wear the veil and to be separated from the boys at school. Thus, Marji can examine the role of the religious fundamentalists in the society. It is the beginning of the girl’s personal story, which develops on the background of the Islamic Revolution. The Islamic Revolution changes the life of all people in Iran and divides the population into the opposite categories. From this point, any person’s story is usually influenced by the definite historic events. The life of Marji will be full of such events when the Islamic Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War change the traditional way of living and make people be repressed because of their visions and political beliefs. In her book, Satrapi provides the life story where the personal experience is closely connected with the historic events and political situations which acquire the personal features for Marji because her relatives and friends are actively involved in these events. Marji’s opinion on the importance of politics and history in the people’s life is formed when she discovers the stories of her grandfather and uncle Anoosh, when she feels that nobody can be protected from the influence of the political oppressions. The story based on the national aspects becomes the part of her personal experience and her visions of the meaning of political repression are formed. It is important to note that there are no stories in the book which lack the political background. It is possible to note that Marji’s visions of herself as the personality are shaped by the combination of the national and personal motives. The role of the national and religious identity along with the impact of the historic events on Marji’s life cannot be overestimated. It is rather difficult to state what makes Marji’s character so rebellious, the impact of the stories about her relatives and friends or the girl’s inner inclination to percept these stories as the examples of personal revolutions against the current orders. There are too many people round Marji who have the prison experience because of their desire to be free in their actions and beliefs. Becoming older, Marji builds her life according to some principles studied from the stories experienced and heard. These principles are the freedom and rebellion, and these concepts make the young woman go to Europe to avoid the possible results of being actively opposite to the current regime. The aspects of Marji’s life in Europe and her return back to Tehran, which are associated with the woman’s depression can be discussed as the result of the conscious attitude to the social and political situations in the country because this attitude is based on the personal experience and stories. Satrapi’s Persepolis is the complex story of a person’s life which is significantly influenced by the political and national aspects. The country’s historical background, the personal religious background, and the story of the family matter in shaping the personality. Moreover, the person’s life depends on a variety of stories which were heard, observed or experienced during the life because these stories are the emotional and factual background of the personality. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Results 4. Discussions/Conclusions 5. Personal Reaction 6. Reference Introduction The introduction of this article gives relevant background about the case study. That is, it starts with a general analysis of the previous decades. Women have been seen busying themselves avidly in psychology arena. This can be manually confirmed by a looking at any hall in any typical school affiliation of psychology. This phenomenon was ideally found out that one of every four sophomore or freshmen consulting the department of psychology would be a woman (Weiten, 2006). The main emphasis was on why women were majoring on the discipline! In fact, the main statistics account for about 72% of the undergraduates students graduating from college during time of spring are women (Weiten, 2006). This means that more women are infiltrating the psychology department and creating a shift in the gender composition of the professionals hence bringing a most heated debate. A few sources are listed in relation to this account. They are: Bellas, 1993; Blau & Belier, 1988; and Reskin & Roos, 1990 (Weiten, 2006). One of the apprehensions and discussions put across was that if the field is flooded with female profession it would result in some mishaps in the sector. For example: the salaries will dwindle; job security will be jeopardized; autonomy that is always concerned with the field will degrade; and maybe the potentially lucrative opportunities in the field may go to waste (Weiten, 2006). As a result there was formulation of a Task Force meant to police on the true nature and any implications of women who are alarmingly participating in the psychology. Methodology The methodology used in this research relied on this case study was broad based and correlated various findings from federal agencies and other sources. For example, the method of sampling and gathering data, that is open and closed questionnaires, interviews, observation were carried along different perspectives. A few of the Perspectives include the “flow of women through the undergraduate and graduate training pipeline” (Weiten, 2006). The study took a longer span of period and most of the findings was tabled and correlated with different interests. Results The research team tabled the results received, found the central measures like null hypothesis and came up with a finding. The team in the research found out that gender differences are quite small. Funny enough the involvement of the women in the field did not specialize in one core area. The salary remained constant despite their infiltration. Therefore women involvement in psychology was a positive incident that was not very alarming but need to outsource more talent that is relevant disrespect of gender. Discussions/Conclusions Reskin and Roos are noted that “greater regulation and decline of autonomy make fields less attractive” (Weiten, 2006). The freedom in the field that was presumably thought to decline was being restructured in departmental controls. The increased “university-level administration control of departmental decisions about hiring and promotion, the growing competition for research dollars” seemed a problem but it is universal problem (Weiten, 2006). Personal Reaction The study topic raised my enthusiasm about the topic of psychology. The whole study was quite strange because of the amazing facts about women’s interest in psychology and other related sub-faculties that would lead to negative effects. However, the reason about the professional value of the discipline authenticated the research in this topic. There were many ethical and gender related issues concerning femininity. Reference Weiten, W. & McCann, D. (2006). Psychology: Themes and Variations . Toronto: Nelson College Indigenous. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
As a result, the foundation for predicting its future development and carrying out a comprehensive analysis can be built. It is the openness of the semantic networks, however, combined with their radiality that makes it possible for semantic networks to evolve and incorporate an increasingly large number of words and morphemes, therefore, allowing or an unceasing evolution of the language. By definition, semantic networks incorporate the words and morphemes that are distinctly related to each other and, therefore, create a semantic unit together. It should be borne in mind that the identified definition is rather loose, which allows for stretching the concept of similarity and incorporate several domains under the umbrella of a single semantic network (e.g., the morphemes that include people, phenomena, ideas, etc., such as “teacher-student,” “challenge – accomplishment,” etc.). Indeed, since the very concept of similarity cannot be viewed as an invariant construct, the opportunities for building large semantic nets are truly ample. Furthermore, seeing that the relationships between the identified words and morphemes are represented in the form of a radial structure, an array of opportunities for including new lexemes and morphemes into the network remain open. Consequently, the foundation for an unceasing increase of the semantic network is created. The concept of radiality in linguistics is fairly simple. In semantic networks, the relationships between the words and morphemes are represented as a labeled graph – or, to be more specific, a multigraph – where the relationships between the construals may vary based on the scale of the net. For instance, the radial structure may imply a single-level relationship (e.g., a part-of one, such as “a door – a doorknob,” etc.). However, expanding it further, one may add new layers of meaning to the links between the elements included in the network. The semantic indexing used to determine the correlation between the elements of the network, in turn, suggests that concepts should be true as opposed to terms (e.g., “weather” instead of blizzard“). The identified approach toward marking the correlation between the construals of a single network helps handle the problems associated with synonymy, at the same time, simplifying the overly complicated relationships between the contents of the network. Therefore, using the identified method, one may make the existing semantic networks blend and integrate into a single entity by changing the proximity between the construals and determining the semantic similarity to the rest of the elements of the net (e.g., “parent-child,” “adult – child,” etc.). As a result, the classification framework rooted in the concept of perceived similarity can be built, allowing one to place the construals into different categories based on their proximity to the center of the semantic net. Seeing that the opportunities for locating similarities between different construals based on their semantic proximity are practically endless, the idea of a semantic network as the entity into which an increasingly large number of new phenomena can be incorporated based on their perceived similarity is quite sensible. Indeed, with the addition of new semantic links to the semantic net, one is likely to have a continuously expanding entity that engulfs new construals as it grows and develops new connections between the ones that already exist in it. Taking the relationships between the elements included in the net on a new level, one will create the premises for a consistent and unceasing expansion of the semantic network, therefore, maximizing its potential. One must admit that there are problems with creating a clear and accurate taxonomy of the relationships between the construals within a specific semantic net. For instance, the calculation of the degree of similarity between the construals based on the “is-a” framework may lack accuracy. Thus, the similarity levels are often identified based on the existing examples as opposed to considering words and morphemes on a case-by-case basis. Consequently, there is a significant degree of approximation in the outcomes of developing a semantic network. Furthermore, some parts of the net where the construals are linked closer to each other than in other areas may have a higher density, which may lead to a disruption in the links between the elements of the semantic network. Nevertheless, the identified issue creates leeway for building increasingly large semantic nets. Furthermore, the very concept of a semantic network is finite can be questioned once the principles of radiality and semantic similarity are deployed into the process of constructing semantic nets. Therefore, it can be assumed that perceived similarities can be deemed as the tool for assimilating semantic networks into a single entity. As a result, a large and comprehensive system can ostensibly be built with the help of the said framework. In the latter, all construals will be categorized based on their relation to the focus of the net and, thus, have strong ties with the rest of the words and morphemes. In other words, the phenomenon of perceived similarities helps build connections between any semantic units and, therefore, create large networks. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Souls of Black Folk Analytical Essay The Souls of Black Folk is an early twentieth century book authored by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) which had an influential impact on African American intellectual life. The novel, which is a compilation of fourteen prose pieces, responds to the Emancipation Proclamation set by Abraham Lincoln to deliver the blacks from the yoke of slavery. In the novel, Du Bois addresses the movements and struggles of the entire black population in the twentieth century. Du Bois gives an evaluation of the advancement of the African Americans, the hindrances to that advancement, and the opportunities for future advancement as the U.S. entered the twentieth century. The novel can be conveniently separated into three different sections. The first section consists of chapters one to three, which have a distinctively historical perspective. Chapters four to nine portray a sociological point of view. Lastly, chapters ten to fourteen express the author’s efforts to capture the spiritual meanings of the black culture. This complete seminal work endeavors to look into the black American mind while maintaining the message in the title of the novel. The implication of the title is evident in the early pages of the book. In the book, Du Bois depicts the condition of the blacks as separated from the whites. However, this separation from the repressive white culture is only by means of a metaphorical veil, which produced the effects of double-consciousness. This implies that even though they were separated from the whites, the blacks were compelled to view themselves through the eyes of the whites as well as their own. In this sense, an African American always felt his or her twoness. This twoness included being an American and a Negro at the same time, having two souls or two imaginations, or two differing opinions in one dark body (Du Bois, 4). The Souls of the Black Folks played a pivotal role during the Harlem Renaissance. The book achieved this by providing guidance and motivation to the talented young African Americans who were the vehicles for change during this period (Young, 96). During the Harlem Renaissance, much progress was made in the community of African Americans. One such advancement was the privilege that the African Americans had of getting education, regardless of the fact that there were inadequate resources in most black schools. Most blacks made the most out of this opportunity. During this period, changes in the political climate of the U.S. enabled the blacks to fight for their rights. In supporting black higher education, Du Bois criticized Booker T. Washington’s vocational education system by asserting that the system was too economical. Moreover, he argued that it would not provide the blacks with the opportunities to develop. Souls also call on the blacks to fight for their fundamental political privileges such as pursuing their right to vote and protecting their civil rights. The symbolism in establishing the black identity as an important aspect of the American history portrayed in the novel served as a source of inspiration for blacks during the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-twentieth century (Horne, 223). Souls reinforced the stand of the black community in the United States. The success that Du Bois had in fighting for the rights of the blacks demonstrated to the leaders of the Movement the abilities they had in store which were just waiting to be released. During the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War, everyone was dreaming about equality among the races. However, these dreams were blown apart at the turn of the century. Souls depict this deplorable condition. This reality resulted in a united cultural identity among the African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. Therefore, this served as a conscious awakening for them to unite in fighting against racial segregation. Works Cited Du Bois, William E. B. The souls of the black folk: essays and sketches . Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, 1961. Print. Horne, Gerald. Black and red : W.E.B. Du Bois and the Afro-American response to the Cold War, 1944-1963. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1986. Print. Young, Mary. W.E.B. Du Bois: an encyclopedia . Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ethical Dilemma 2. Alternative Actions 3. Affected Parties 4. Potential Outcomes 5. The Best Alternative Ethical Dilemma The ethical dilemma described in the case study is a typical problem for many companies that try to preserve the loyalty of their clients at any cost. Thus, a sales manager of Scott Carpets, Peter Green, is asked to sacrifice his moral principles for the sake of the company’s benefit. The dilemma is complicated by the fact that it is imposed from above – it is Peter’s boss who insists on committing an immoral act. Alternative Actions In the framework of the relevant context, Peter has a series of alternatives. On the face of it, the sales manager has a moral right to refuse to commit an action that contradicts his ethical principles. The opposite way out that Peter might choose is to obey his boss’s order despite the personal vision of the situation. Another alternative solution resides in finding a compromise. In this case, the manager will have to be particularly enterprising as he will need to find some alternative offers that will both satisfy Bob Franklin and remain within the borders of Peter’s morality. Moreover, if the man chooses the last variant, he will also need to be persuasive enough to convince his boss of the rightness of this decision. Affected Parties Whatever alternative is selected, there are three main parties that will be affected most of all. First and foremost, it is the sales manager that can be affected in two ways. In case he decides to fulfill the boss’s request, he will essentially experience a certain moral discomfort as this action contradicts his ethical principles. In the meantime, if the man chooses to refuse to act upon Murphy’s directions, it is likely that he will have to face some job-related problems. The second involved party is Murphy. The boss has two key interests in the relevant situation. Firstly, he needs to prove his authoritative capacity and see to the fact that his subordinate obeys. Secondly, Murphy is highly interested in maintaining collaboration with profitable customer. The last party involved in the conflict is Bob Franklin, who is interested in the company fulfilling his conditions. To a wider extent, all the stakeholders of Scott Carpets are affected as they will, to a larger or smaller extent, benefit from a profitable deal. Potential Outcomes Potential outcomes mainly depend on the behavior pattern that Peter chooses. If he prefers to stand his ground, there is a strong possibility that he will lose his job – his refusal will necessarily signify his disagreement with the general company’s policy so that his boss might want to replace him with a more conformable employee. In case the man gives in to the boss’s insistence, the problem will be resolved; however, it is likely to reappear once in a while as more raw deals will need to be managed. Finally, if he finds an alternative that suits both the boss and the client, he will manage to hold down his job without sacrificing his moral principles. The Best Alternative The best way out in the relevant context is finding a compromise – Peter should come up with an alternative offer that will suit his client and convince his boss of the advantages of this solution. This variant is beneficial from both moral and practical perspectives. Nevertheless, it is essential to admit that this idea will be the most problematic to realize. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Aldi Supermarket’s Marketing as Business Process Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Group Company: Aldi Supermarket Individual Department: Marketing 2. Enterprise social network 3. Business activity model 4. Technology choice 5. List of References Group Company: Aldi Supermarket Individual Department: Marketing Business Process: The Business Process is the marketing of Aldi Supermarket Products. This involves a series of business activities that must be carried out as identified below. Steps: Business processandsteps 1. Market Research: This involves carrying out activities that would enable this firm to understand the market needs and the current forces that affect the market. 2. Market Segmentation: It involves dividing the market into various sections based on various demographical factors. 3. Product Proposition: This involves positioning a product within the target market. It involves creating the perception of a product in the market. 4. Test Marketing: This involves taking a sample of the product. 5. Commercialization: It involves full-scale market entry of the firm’s products into the market. Enterprise social network The marketing department has various units that it must coordinate with to realize that Aldi sells its products successfully in the market. It is generally assumed that marketing and sales are one and it (Hakim 2000, p. 67). This is very far from the truth. Marketing is a broad activity that involves bringing together various units and departments to ensure that the firm comes up with a clear program that will attract and retain customers to the business. It involves creating a long and beneficial relationship between customers and the firm (Kline 2010, p. 124). Aldi sells various farm products, besides other conventional goods. The main aim of the marketing unit is to develop a good relationship in the market that would help it be sustainable in both the short and long run. The below-identified units are intertwined in this quest. Bird (1977, p. 97) notes that they all have to work as a unit, each having its special activity with the marketing department as the focal point. This way, Aldi Supermarket would be in a position to gain and retain a huge market share in this region and even beyond. Mathematical Model for Social Relation. Business activity model The Business Activity Model below gives a clear guideline of the activities that are to be carried out by various units of the Marketing Department. Weiss (2011, p. 78) states that the marketing unit has the main role in ensuring that the firm is sustainable in the market. The marketing department has various units as shown in the diagram below. It is the responsibility of the marketing manager to ensure that all these units are well coordinated and that none of the units overlaps with the activities of the other firm, and that all the units perform the assigned duties as expected of them (Majer 2011, p. 45). As shown in the model below, all the unit heads would report to the marketing manager. This must be done at a regular interval so that the manager can brief other departments of what is expected of them. The activities must be well coordinated for this department to come up with conscious decisions on how to increase the awareness of the brand, and subsequently, increase sales of the company. Technology choice Technologies have become very important in marketing. Emerging technologies have completely redefined the marketing process (Panagariya 2008, p. 23). For this firm, such aspects of technology as the use of websites would help the marketing department. Social media are also very important to this department. Given that online markets are gaining popularity, these technologies stand to be of benefit to this firm. Innovation is very important to this firm. This firm needs innovative ideas that would enable it to reach its target market most appropriately. List of References Bird, A 1977, Team structure and success as related to cohesiveness and leadership, Journal of Social Psychology , 103(2), 217-223. Hakim, C 2000, Research Design: Successful Designs for Social and Economic Research, Routledge, New York. Kline, J 2010, Ethics for International Business: Decision-Making in a Global Political Economy, Routledge, New York. Majer, C 2011, The silent killers of productivity and profit, T+D, 65 (2), 62. Panagariya, A 2008, India: The Emerging Giant . Oxford, University Press Oxford. Weiss, W 2011, Building morale, motivating, and empowering employees, Supervision, 72 (9), 23. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
US Criminal Justice System, Theories and Methods Essay Criminal justice presents a field connected with a complex system of organizations and practices that allow to control criminal activity. In this paper, I would like to discuss criminal justice system in the United States, theoretical approaches related to the sphere, and methods of measuring crimes. To begin with, I would like to state that my opinion on the criminal justice system has changed due to additional knowledge that I gained during the course with the help of additional materials that we were supposed to read. In general, I can say that my attitudes to this aspect of life of the human society have changed because I have managed to get additional knowledge. In fact, the readings used during the classes helped me to understand the role of each element of this system in particular and this is why the interconnection between these elements and the way that they complement each other have become more obvious. In fact, I would like to pay an increased attention to three parts that remain the most important in this system such as bodies where laws are created, law enforcement agencies, and corrections facilities. As for the latter, the units that we were supposed to read have helped me to understand the great role that they play in the development of the society. Therefore, the topic of crimes and their consequences seems very interesting to me and the information that I have been provided with helped me to better understand the system used to correct criminal behavior. Thus, I can say that my opinion on criminal justice has changed because the roles of its particular elements have become clearer to me. Speaking about criminal justice and the particular practices used by specialists in this field, it is extremely important to consider the topic of methods of measuring crime. As it is clear from many sources related to the topic, there are a few methods that tend to be used in the majority of the cases. To begin with, they include uniform type reports that involve the data concerning all cases of criminal behavior that were reported. There are certain strengths and weaknesses of this method; the former include the ability of such reports to show tendencies related to crimes in the society. At the same time, there can be certain difficulties related to counting crimes and the division between those crimes that have been already completed and the cases of criminal attempts that may be omitted. Another popular method involves reports completed by criminals on their own; as for its advantages, it allows the specialists to better understand the most common motives of crimes and add new facts to official statistical data. Despite that, criminals may conceal important information or distort the facts for their own purposes and it has a negative impact on overall reliability of the reported information. There is one more method of measuring crime that involves the use of victimization studies. The latter are connected with personal experience and this fact causes both advantages and disadvantages of the method. From the one hand, the use of such surveys helps to estimate the level of criminal activity as it is because they also involve the information about those crimes that have not been reported to the police. Nevertheless, human factor remains one of the reasons that may decrease the reliability of information reported by participants of such studies. Some people may report the facts that do not correspond with the reality due to certain memory errors that occur because of psychological stress or age-related changes. Therefore, I suppose that the use of uniform type reports seems to be the most accurate method of measuring crime. I suppose this method to be the best because such reports do not involve the information that cannot be checked. As for the method that I believe to be the least accurate, I would say that self-reports seem to present the least credible information due to twisted perception of reality that is often experienced by people committing crimes. There are different theories related to crimes and the way that people should assess them. In order to better understand current criminal justice system, it may be important to link it with famous theories related to criminology that have been popular earlier. If we speak about classical theory, it does not support the idea of severe punishment for crimes that do not involve serious harm to other people. Therefore, theorists developing this concept wanted to understand the difference between fair and unfair punishment. At the same time, due to strong religious beliefs of its creators, this theory attempts to connect crime with the notion of fate and influence of higher forces. Besides, that system involves the possibility of blood vengeance. Due to these reasons, I suppose that it is quite hard to apply it to present system due to major changes related to people’s assumptions. As for neo-classical theory, it involves the opinions expressed by previous researchers together with new ideas such as different methods of control helping to prevent people from violating laws. The latter involve a few factors such as unwillingness to disappoint other people and the theory focuses on paying more attention to socialization to prevent crime. I suppose that this particular assumption applies to our current system as many practices related to this sphere involve placing emphasis on person’s social responsibility. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
UAE Cybercrime Laws and Statistics in Dubai Report Although the virtual environment of the global network is a comparatively new concept, it has already been inundated with cybercriminals (Yar, 2013). The phenomenon of a cybercrime dates back to 1971, when the web was first invaded by the virus notoriously known as Creeper ( The evolution of the computer virus , n. d.); it was very simple by the present-day standards, yet it managed to cause havoc across the Internet (Ruiz & Winter, 2015). Unfortunately, viruses and other tools used by cybercriminals are only getting smarter and becoming increasingly more sophisticated, causing a global concern regarding people’s personal information and companies’ business data. A similar situation can be observed in the UAE (Enzer, 2011). Although the recent introduction of updates to the cybercrime law impose a set of rather severe penalties on the offenders, including a life sentence, the specified regulation is not going to have a tangible effect on cybercriminals as it does not allow for a willing acceptance of proper behavioral patterns and the recognition of cybercrime as an intrinsically negative phenomenon. Therefore, the development of programs aimed at changing the target audience’s concept of cybercrime is crucial. The fact that the current legislation reinforces the significance of the letter of the law, however, should be viewed as positive. For instance, on the city scale, the regulation regarding cybercrimes has affected Dubai to a considerable extent as the police persuades people to report about the cybercrimes that they have witnessed or fallen victims to: “Dubai Police have urged victims of online social networking sites to approach authorities because their hesitation encourages suspects to target more victims” (Najami, 2010, par. 1). Nevertheless, the lack of information regarding the concept of cybercrime, the ways of inhibiting it, the tools that every single member of the UAE society can use to prevent cybercrimes, etc., is obvious seeing that the number of problems created by hackers and crimes committed online is getting increasingly larger in the UAE, in general, and Dubai, in particular (See Fig. 1). Figure 1. Cyber Crimes in Dubai (2011–2013) (Hasbini, 2014). According to the chart provided above, the introduction of the new legislation has contributed to a minor drop in cybercrimes. However, the specified measure is also likely to spur the further identification of new ways to evade justice as it does not allow for a conscious change of the target audience’s behavioral patterns (Najami, 2010). Therefore, it would be adequate to suggest that the focus should be shifted from providing penalties to reinforcing knowledge promotion among the target denizens of the population. In addition, it can be suggested that programs should be created to educate people on the issue of cybercrimes. Thus, significant progress can be expected. Reference List Enzer, G. (2011). UAE faces high rates of cyber-crime . Web. The evolution of the computer virus . (n. d.). Web. Hasbini, M. A. (2014). The rise of cybercrime in Dubai and UAE . SecureList . Web. Najami, S. A. (2010). Dubai Police urge victims to report online crimes . Gulf News . Web. Ruiz, R., & Winter, R. (2015). [email protected] : The end of antivirus . Web. Yar, M. (2013). Cybercrime and society . Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Palahniuk’s Fight Club Book and Its Adaptation Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Differences and Alterations 3. Criticism and Discussion 4. Works Cited Introduction Fight Club (1999) has received excellent reviews from critics and is highly relevant in pop culture. However, it is not common knowledge that the movie was adapted from Chuck Palahniuk’s novel written three years prior. While the book was also praised for its creative plot and relevant themes, it has not received nearly enough attention as the consequent movie adaptation. Several critics note that the film was more successful due to significant narrative alterations and additions. Therefore, the current essay attempts to discuss the crucial differences between the book and the movie and examine the response of the critics concerning the film adaptation. Differences and Alterations While the narrative of the movie generally follows the plot of the book, there are several minor and major differences between the two works. The slight alterations concern the first meeting of the Narrator and Tyler Durden, Marla’s behavior during the support group gatherings, and some practical nuances (Peeke par. 10). For instance, the Narrator gets his cheek severely injured in one of the fights, which leaves a hole present for the rest of the book (Peeke par. 12). Nevertheless, it would have been highly inconvenient to represent the wound for the entirety of the movie, so the direction team excluded this moment from the narrative. Overall, most of the minor differences between the book and movie adaptation are implied by the practical nuisances and the director’s decisions. However, the most significant alteration of the plot concerns the finale of the movie. The iconic scene of the Narrator holding hands with Marla Singer and the quote “you’ve met me at a very strange time in my life” have never occurred in the novel ( Fight Club ). The book concludes with the protagonist undergoing treatment in a mental institution while the rest of the team awaits his return (Peeke par. 23). Furthermore, in the novel, the plan of Tyler Durden was more radical, and he intended to stay in the skyscraper as it explodes to commit suicide (Peeke par. 21). However, the direction team has decided to take a different approach, which resulted in one of the most distinguished scenes in the history of filmmaking. Ultimately, the vast difference in the finale scenes has pressured Chuck Palahniuk to continue the work on the novel and produce several sequels to the story. However, the success of the movie has never been overshadowed by these literary works. Criticism and Discussion As mentioned briefly before, the movie adaptation of Fight Club is generally considered to be a cult film that reveals a large number of socially relevant issues and defines the generation. Nevertheless, initially, the movie failed at the box office and could hardly cover the expenses of the production (Fight Club). Over the course of 444 days, the film has earned approximately $100 000 000 with a budget of $63 000 000, which are modest results for a movie of such prominence (Fight Club). The controversy concerning the socially sensitive areas and the promotion of violence was one of the reasons for the initial rejection of the movie. Nevertheless, Fight Club has received a second wave of attention with its DVD release and has been accepted with vastly positive reviews. Ultimately, despite the initial failure at the box office and certain alterations in the movie adaptation, Fight Club has deservedly become a cult classic over time. Works Cited “Fight Club.” Box Office Mojo , n.d. Web. Fight Club . Directed by David Fincher, performances by Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, and Helena Bonham Carter, Fox 2000 Pictures, 1999. Peeke, Dan. “Fight Club: 10 Differences between the Book and the Film.” ScreenRant, 2020. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Stephen Benjamin and his vision Essay Stephen Benjamin is a man who has aroused the political interest of most residents in the metropolitan area of Columbia. Steve has already been at the helm of this city’s leadership for over two years. This man, whose life started some forty-two years ago, has many accomplishments in his repertoire. Some of these preceded his election as mayor of Columbia. In addition, some of these were in service to the larger South Carolina community. Before being elected as mayor of Columbia, Stephen Benjamin had his formal education in New York. Later on, his family relocated to this state and Steve undertook his undergraduate education in the University of South Carolina. As a student, the mayor was involved in numerous extracurricular activities. For instance, he was active in various student organizations and had affiliations with the NAACP. Career wise, Mayor Benjamin had served in various public positions before his election. Most of his pre-election career activities revolved around Benjamin Law Firm, LLC. The mayor has also served in the Governor’s cabinet of South Carolina. Prior to the elections, Steve had made various promises concerning the City of Columbia. These promises touched on areas such as the city police department, the fire department, and investment opportunities. His campaign was filled with optimism about the city’s transformation. Most of his detractors had faulted the mayor’s vision for the city as unattainable. However, the mayor has shown a great display of character by sticking with his vision for the city. Among the things that Mayor Benjamin had promised to help the city achieve, was helping stimulate the city’s economic growth. Currently, the economic prospects of the city are better than they were when the mayor took over. In his state of the city address, the mayor urged residents to look around and witness the fruits of this development. It should also be noted that during Mayor Benjamin’s tenure, there was a $1.1 billion dollar increase in investments. Moreover, the level of unemployment fell tremendously. Right now, there are over nine thousand job openings within Metro Columbia. It was also the mayor’s vision that the city fosters a culture that values art and creativity. This vision has materialized in the form of the just opened Tapps Art Center. In the wake of his campaign, Mayor Benjamin had expressed concern that public safety should be a priority in the City’s budget. True to his word, the city’s police and fire departments have had a two million dollar boost in funding since then. The men and women in uniform have also benefited from new personal benefits that address the risks they face in their line of duty. It has not been all bliss for the mayor during these first two years. For instance, there was uproar over the mayor’s decision to commit taxpayer’s money to a new year’s celebration festival. However, the mayor’s steadfastness paid off because the festival was able to generate over $1.4 million. The festival was so successful such that everybody is looking forward to the next year’s event. Although Mayor Benjamin’s performance has been above average, he still needs to do a lot in order to realize his vision fully. Among the areas that the mayor needs to pay attention to, include the city’s education sector. The mayor should also be vigilant to ensure that the gains he has made are not reversed because of laxity. In overall, Stephen Benjamin might go down in history as one of the best performing mayors this city has ever known. However, his success is dependent on consistency. It should also be noted that Benjamin has been in this position for only two years. This is not enough time for anyone to judge his performance accurately. Therefore, it is entirely up to Mr. Mayor to curve out his place in Columbia’s history. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Newspaper Coverage of Japan-America Internment in WW2 and the Civil Rights Movement Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main text 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Racism in newspaper reporting has changed a great deal. This is seen when one compares the way newspapers covered the Japan-America internment in World War Two (WW2) as compared to the civil rights movement in America in the 1950s. These camps were set after the Japanese had bombed the Pearl Harbor. These Japanese were first generations who were born in Japan and second-generation who were born in America. These people were placed in internment camps, which were fenced and were rarely given newspaper coverage owing to the fact that they were called the evacuees from a small racial group. These people were suppressed and lived within the fences of these camps. Further, they did not know how to read and communicate effectively in English therefore a big problem to express themselves to the papers. Japanese were not allowed to access information from newspapers because of two main reasons. President Theodore D. Roosevelt signed order 9066. This was designed to create a civilian agency to provide for the removal of persons or classes of people from designated areas like at the coast. Main text Since they had participated in Pearl Harbor bombing and so the American Government decided to cut their navy codes and disconnect them from their country of origin, Japan. They did little to go for newspaper coverage because of the bombing at Pearl Harbor and they tried to prove that they were loyal so that they could get better treatment in America since they could not go back home. This limited their formation of a movement that was to champion for their rights. “Lieutenant General John DeWitt, who administered the internment program, repeatedly told newspapers “A Jap’s a Jap” and testified to Congress, “I do not want any of them [persons of Japanese ancestry] here. They are a dangerous element. There is no way to determine their loyalty… It makes no difference whether he is an American citizen, he is still Japanese. American citizenship does not necessarily determine loyalty… But we must worry about the Japanese all the time until he is wiped off the map.” The inclusion of orphaned infants with “one drop of Japanese blood” (as explained in a letter by one official) lends credence to the argument that the measures were racially motivated, rather than a military necessity”.(Loewen 2006). This made even newspapers shun covering their problems. Unlike the Black Americans who did not know their exact origin, they were exposed to harsher racial prejudice. This treatment was harsher in the south of California and so they moved northwards where they were met with even harsher segregation laws. This made them to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) that championed for the rights of black Americans through lobbying and litigation and arranging for mass demonstrations. When two whites murdered Emmet Till and later acquitted there was a lot of bitterness. This led to the swelling of membership of NACCP (Loewen 2006). Finally, mass demonstrations replaced litigation. The media covered this because this movement persuaded whites to join them in their mass protests and they were killed in the event. Therefore, the newspapers had to cover the deaths of the whites and the mysterious circumstances surrounding their deaths. Conclusion Some of the other activities that were largely covered by the newspapers were the mass demonstrations for freedom and jobs in Washington; from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial led by Martin Luther King Junior which was the largest march of the time and when Rosa Parks refused to stand for a white person in a bus in Montgomery.(Loewen 2006). References Loewen, James. “A hidden dimension of American Racism”. Touchstone Publishers, 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Creating New Housing Opportunities in UAE Report (Assessment) To study available economic opportunities for a business venture that deals with affordable housing, one will have to use both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The chances to explore all possible factors that may affect the economic growth of the business can be deemed as the key rationale for the specified choice. Quantitative research, in turn, will demand to focus on quantitative relationships between variables. For instance, the correlation between the changes in the rent price and the levels of customer loyalty can be drawn in order to outline a financial strategy. As a result, a more coherent approach toward running the organization can be designed; particularly, a framework for handling risks can be created successfully. Furthermore, mixed research needs to be introduced into the context of the case. Representing a combination of the qualitative and quantitative analysis types, the specified approach helps embrace every possible factor that may affect the business. Research Proposal Literature Review An overview of the Dubai real estate market will reveal that its supply pipeline can be described as rather active ( Dubai real estate market overview 2016). Therefore, the specified environment offers numerous opportunities for developing an efficient supply chain and introducing a cost-efficient management framework (Christersson, Vimpari & Junnila 2015). Ne opportunities can be pursued once the principles of lean management and sustainable use of resources are utilized (Somani & Minde 2017). It should be noted that the current UAE real estate market environment may turn out to be quite competitive. A recent report indicates that providing affordable housing is becoming increasingly popular in the UAE (Bhat 2017). Similarly, the adoption of the Six Sigma principles as the means of improving quality and reducing the expenses for raw materials, supply chain management, etc., will have to be regarded as a necessity (Dakhli, Lafhaj & Bos 2016). However, the Value Adding Management (VAM) technique will also have to be utilized to increase the profit margins and ensure the sustainability of the business (Voordt et al. 2016). Research Objective The goal of the study is, therefore, to define the essential characteristics of the target market and buyers’ behaviors. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the efficacy of possible financial strategies will have to be carried out. Thus, the key risks of the target market and the opportunities that can be pursued in it will be identified. Furthermore, the implications of the study will help design an efficient marketing strategy and outline the elements of the future promotion campaign for the specified project. Research Questions This research seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What behaviors do Asian customers tend to develop in the UAE real estate market? 2. What economic, cultural, financial, and social factors affect the choices of the target demographics in the UAE real estate market? 3. How does the introduction of discounts and other financial opportunities affect the target audience’s behavior in the UAE real estate market? 4. What marketing strategies can be used to attract Asian customers in the environment of the UAE real estate market? By answering the specified questions, one will be able to outline an appropriate strategy for thriving in the UAE real estate market Reference List Bhat, 2017, ‘ Why buying real estate in a down market is a good bet ,’ Khaleej Times . Web. Christenson, M, Vimpari, J & Junnila, S 2015, ‘Assessment of the financial potential of real estate energy efficiency investments: a discounted cash flow approach,’ Sustainable Cities and Society , vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 66-73. Dakhla, Z, Lafhaj, Z & Bos, 2016, ‘Experiencing Lean Six Sigma in the French residential construction: setting effective performance indicators to address client satisfaction,’ International Journal of Lean Six Sigma , vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 346-368. Dubai real estate market overview. 2016. Web. Somani, A & Minde, P 2017, ‘Lean waste assessment and blueprint for the elimination of waste through lean digital method,’ International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) , vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 116-119. Voordt, TVD, Jensen, PA, Hoendervanger, JG & Bergsma, F 2016, ’Value Adding Management (VAM) of buildings and facility services in four steps’, Corporate Real Estate Journal , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 42-56. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees Campaigns Report The games between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox have always been among the most entertaining events during MLB season due to the historic rivalry between two teams. While both teams employ similar incentivization tactics, there are some notable differences in their priorities. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the tactics used by these teams in their promotional campaigns to determine whether they lean towards the use of price-based or non-price-based incentives. Red Sox and New York Yankees offer special discounts and passes for different social groups. Red Sox offer cheap tickets for students, and Yankees fans can purchase a student pass, which allows members to receive special offers and discounts as well. Compared to Red Sox, Yankees offer more price-based incentives, such as discounted tickets for Military and First Responders and Ballpark pass. They also offer giveaways at special events such as Healthcare and First Responders nights. Boyd and Krehbiel (2006) note that correctly determining the current trends is extremely important for the success of giveaway campaigns, and marketers at Yankees certainly follow this advice. Both teams actively use official websites and social media to communicate with consumers. Involvement with special causes is one notable example of a non-price-based incentivization tactic used by both teams. According to Twitter accounts of Yankees and Red Sox, they send presents to children in underserved communities and children victims of commercial sexual exploitation, respectively. Irwin et al. (2008) note that cause-related marketing is an effective promotional tool. Red Sox also use Twitter for more direct communication with fans, making short custom videos for them upon request as a part of their #GiftOfSox promotional campaign. Green (2016) states that such forms of engagement help increase consumer trust and the team’s market image. Overall, the incentivization tactics of Yankees and Red Sox are fairly balanced, with the former offering more price-based incentives compared to their competitors. References Boyd, T. C., & Krehbiel, T. C. (2006). An analysis of the effects of specific promotion types on attendance at Major League Baseball games . American Journal of Business, 21 (2), 21-32. Web. Green, M.R. (2016). The impact of social networks in the development of a personal sports brand . Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 6 (3), 274-294. Web. Irwin, R. L., Sutton, W.A., n McCarty, L. M. (2008). Sport promotion and sales management. Human Kinetics. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Organizational Politics and Power Essay An organization is a group of people who work together with coordinated efforts to achieve certain objectives or goals. Organizational goals and objectives are of various categories and it is this variation of the goals and objectives which classify organizations into three main categories namely profit making; service based and social responsibility based organizations (Murray, Poole, and Jones, 2006. pp.45-69). Organizational culture refers to shared beliefs, values, norms and practices which characterize an organization. Organizational culture is a very important aspect in any organization which aspires to realize its vision through the mission (Murray, et al, 2006. pp.45-69). There are various models of organizational culture. One such model is the power culture, which is characterized by centralization of power to some few people within the organization. These people are usually very influential in organizations and therefore everybody else tends to foster a good relationship with them. In this culture, employees are motivated to the degrees into which they emulate those persons in positions of power. According to Morgan, organizations are composed of people of varied personal interests, tasks and careers (Morgan, 1998). It is on these grounds that Morgan describes organizations as political entities. On his part, Pfeffer defines organizational politics as ‘those activities carried out by people to acquire, enhance, and use power and other resources to obtain their preferred outcomes in a situation where there is uncertainty or disagreement” (Pfeffer, 1981.p.4). As per this definition therefore, organizational politics implies the use of organizational power and culture to make certain decisions in regard to key organizational issues with a view of promoting both organizational agenda as well as personal agenda. Power and politics in organizations are therefore intertwined because whoever who makes decisions must hold or occupy a position of power in the organization concerned. This makes the study of organizational politics complicated because it presents varied vested interests, which are usually not easily visible, but are integrated with personal interests. Organizational politics is not an issue which can be easily understood because for one to know or understand the politics, he or she has to be acquainted with the organizational functions, procedures, processes and its mission and vision. One issue which is linked to organizational politics is the issue of promotion and demotion of employees. Some managers may abuse their positions of power in the promotion or demotion of employees by promoting employees who are loyal to them or those who are ‘user friendly’ and demoting those who are not ‘user friendly’. They do this in order to have an opportunity to continue pushing for their selfish interests as they discharge the duties in the organizations. Another example of organizational politics in work is the issue of employee transfer and reshuffling. Managers in organizations can use their positions of power to transfer to hardship areas employees whom they perceive or stumbling blocks in the pursuit of selfish interests. Organizational politics can also feature in policy formulation and implementation. Managers may influence the direction of organizational policies so as to produce some desired outcomes, which are of interest to them. A good example is a policy on tendering for the supply of certain goods or services to an organization. Managers may push for the change of policy to allow for organizational staff to be allowed to apply for such tenders in order for them to get the opportunity supply such goods or services. Politics and power are also related to organizational leadership. Their relationship comes in when it comes to the issue of determining who becomes the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or the managing director through lobbying those who are in charge of the appointments (the board of directors) for support. Politics are also used in determining who heads key organizational departments such as finance and administration. The department of fiancé for example is very crucial because it determines the allocation of organizational resources and the areas of priority in the allocations. Reference List Morgan, G. (1998). Images of organization . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Murray, P., Poole, D., and Jones, G. (2006).C ontemporary issues in management and organizational behavior . Farmington Hills, MI: Cengage Learning. pp.45-69. Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in organizations . Marshfield, MA: Pitman. p.4. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Illegal Use of Marijuana Essay The use of illegal Marijuana in Canada has been the subject of discussion in the twenty first century. Canada is among the leading nations in the percentage use of illegal marijuana as stated in the World Drug Report of the year 2007. The same studies indicate that the report of the united nations illustrates that 16.8% of the Canadians aged between sixteen and sixty four years either smoked or took some derivatives of marijuana in the year 2006. Although some reports indicate that the percentage use of marijuana may have decreased, research conducted by United Nations on Ontario students indicate that the trend is actually on the increase [1] . With that background in mind, this paper shall discuss some of the reasons behind the high usage rate as well as ways that can be used to reduce illegal usage of the drug in the country. There are many reasons that may have contributed to the high percentage use of Marijuana in Canada but high production of the drug in the country contributes greatly to the same. In reference to the production of cannabis which is used to make marijuana, Canada ranks third after North America and United States. Some areas such as British Columbia specialize in the illegal production of the drug. Further studies illustrate that the British Columbia specializes heavily not only in the production, but also in the sale of Cannabis and marijuana. Therefore, due to the high production, there is increased availability of the drug in the country. As a result, accessibility of the drug to the public is not a major problem. As much as illegal use of Marijuana is prohibited in Canada, there are still some laws that influence increased usage of the drug. Research indicates that the prosecution of people found in possession of marijuana is usually dependent on the amount. For instance, people found in possession of less than fifteen grams may only get a criminal record or a fine of a certain amount of money. However, it is important to note that marijuana use in Canada is still illegal although people found in small possessions may not be taken to a court of law. However, most of the citizens and the organized gangs make use of such laws to propagate their illegal activities thus the reason why there is increased illegal usage [2] . There are a number of measures which can be taken to reduce illegal usage marijuana. Although the police and the criminal justice have been involved in the war against drugs, little has been achieved from their efforts. It is important to come up with other strategies which can help in the same. As studies of Martin [3] indicate, the government can establish laws that can prevent people found in possession of less than thirty grams from being taken to court. Such a measure can be of help since the domestic market can be destroyed and that may affect the business of the organized gangs. In addition, some preventive programs targeting the young people should be set up. The money that was initially being used for prosecuting people can be used to fund such preventive programs. By so doing, it can be possible to curb the illegal use of marijuana. Apart from the presence of the organized gangs in Canada, research has indicated that increased production of marijuana as well as controversies over decriminization of marijuana and other drugs laws contribute greatly to the increased usage of the same. It is important to come up with measures that can destabilize the business of the organized gangs with an aim of reducing the usage of the drug. Lastly, research conducted has indicated that preventive programs as well as education to the youth can be effectively used to mitigate the problem. Bibliography Blackandred. Canada Leads World in Marijuana Use. 2010. Web. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. About Marijuana. 2010. Web. Martin, Keith. Decriminalize pot, destabilize gangs. 2009. Web. Footnotes 1. Blackandred. Canada Leads World in Marijuana Use. 2010. 2. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. About Marijuana. 2010. 3. Martin, Keith. Decriminalize pot, destabilize gangs . 2009. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Atom Methodology for Project Risk Assessment Essay Projects vary in cost and resources involved; some are more routine while others are more innovative. Moreover, some new strategies promise quick significant wins, while others only have negligible long-term benefits. The scale of the risks they involve is also different, not requiring similar attention. Therefore, it is essential to differentiate between small, medium, and large projects while conducting a risk assessment. Although the standard ATOM procedure is directed at medium-size projects, with several adjustments, this approach can also be applied to large and small ones. These alterations typically include either simplification or amplification of the standard methodology. For instance, dangers involved in small projects do not demand having special meetings and can be addressed on a day-to-day basis (Hillson & Simon, 2020). In the case of large projects, managers should, on the contrary, dedicate more time and attention to evaluating risks before proceeding to implement the activity. For instance, a quantitative risk assessment (not necessary for medium-size projects) and a more meticulous review cycle should be used (Hillson & Simon, 2020). In some situations, for projects of particular importance, it might even be useful to divide them into several smaller ones and approach the risks involved in their implementation separately. Overall, all decision-making during the application of the ATOM approach should be driven by the particular needs of a company and a project. Answer to Leroy Hello, Leroy! I agree that since the ATOM approach is scalable, it can be successfully used for all kinds of projects. I also believe that you are right about the key reason why it is essential to make a distinction between activities of different sizes. Making the process of project implementation cost-effective is hugely important, and it would be unwise to dedicate extra time and resources to small projects of little importance. Which steps do you think can be reduced and how? References Hillson, D., & Simon, P. (2020). Practical project risk management: The ATOM methodology (3 rd ed.). Berrett-Koehler Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Reuse of the Carbon Dioxide Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction It should be noted that the beer production process is centered around fermentation by yeast organisms to convert sugar into alcohol. However, the process also produces significant carbon dioxide, which requires capturing and reuse. There are three major ways CO2 can be used: beer recycling, photosynthetic organisms, and genetically modified strains of bacteria. Main body The beer manufacturing process uses CO2 in order to make the beverage more acidic and crisp. Therefore, the most evident use of the released CO2 from the fermentation is its reuse at the same facilities. However, the latter requires a capturing mechanism, which can be expensive. In the case of microorganisms, photosynthetic microbes can use light and CO2 to create carbohydrates. Thus, using algae or cyanobacteria might be useful in order to convert the CO2 byproduct into sugar, which can also be used for future fermentations. In addition, the latest developments indicate that E. coli can be genetically modified in order to capture and consume CO2, similar to cyanobacteria (Callaway, 2019). The main advantage of such bacteria is the fact that they are “relatively easy to engineer, and its fast growth means that changes can be quickly tested and tweaked to optimize genetic alterations” (Callaway, 2019, para. 5). In other words, there is a wide range of alternatives when it comes to the reuse of CO2 from beer fermentation. Conclusion In conclusion, the beer fermentation process involves the conversion of sugar into alcohol and CO2 by yeast cells. The released carbon dioxide gas can be reused with proper capturing within the beer manufacturing process itself. However, the use of photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms is also feasible. It should also be noted that genetically modified strains of E. coli can be applied due to their fast growth times. Reference Callaway, E. (2019). E. coli bacteria engineered to eat carbon dioxide. Nature. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Discrimination and Profiling in “Crash” Movie Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The profiling problem in the movie Crash 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Individuals who have never been victims of profiling or who do not know anyone who has suffered the same may know the real effects that profiling brings. Profiling has several direct and real mental, psychological, physical, emotional, and even financial consequences. Studies carried out by scholars demonstrated that there are widespread influences of ethnic profiling within the social structure. The effects are not felt only by the one who directly faces the profiling but also by there are also widespread effects on his neighbors, friends, families, and even classmates, if any. The researches have also demonstrated that the problem of racial profiling has the worst consequences on the children and the youth. Some of the common problems that are brought about by profiling include compromising the future of several young people due to a feeling of being discriminated against. The situation may lead to losing opportunities to get quality education, development of antisocial behaviors, and criminalization of young people, among others. Profiling also promotes the growth of mistrust in the communal organizations, including the learning systems, boundary and civilizations control, bylaw implementation, and criminal integrity institutions by individuals. It also makes individuals feel alienated or like they are less worthy citizens of a state (Ontario Human Rights Commission par. 1-4). The profiling problem in the movie Crash The movie brings out various experiences of different races, among them the Iranian, Hispanic, and African American races. The film highlights several instances of stereotypes about races. The first demonstration of profiling is shown in a case where a white police officer (Ryan) stops a black couple while driving a car that resembles one that was stolen in an earlier scene. The officer gets the couple out of the car, and in the process of his investigation, the man (Cameron Thayer) is cooperative, but his wife Christine gets into arguments with the cop. The cop ends up molesting the woman in front of her husband, who does not intervene due to feeling helpless just because of his race. The man fears the consequences that would follow if a black man were charged with assaulting a police officer. The scene exhibits that black men have been given considerations to make on the stereotypes of their ethnic groups every time they are working with those in power. The other scene that depicts profiling is when Jean’s car is stolen by two black men at gunpoint. As they approach the car and Jean sees the two black men in an area that is dominated by white people, she grabs the arms of her husband due to the fear that she has for black men. She also does not look back at the men again in the belief that looking at them again would make her be seen as racist. She strongly believes that black men must be criminals because there is nothing else that they would be doing in an area dominated by whites. She, however, gets justified since the two men end up carjacking them (Loe par. 7-9). After their car is stolen, both Jean and her husband go to a locksmith who happens to be of the Hispanic race to change for them the locks. In the process of changing the locks, Jean starts complaining of the Hispanic gang member, and he would sell spare keys to his compatriots (the black men). Jean is demonstrated to be having an opinion that all males of the Hispanic origin must be involved in crime. A scene is also demonstrated where a Persian shop owner by the name of Farhad argues with a shop owner who refuses to sell him a revolver in the process referring to him as “Osama”, even though Farhad tells him that he is a citizen of America. The gun owner who owns a store even goes ahead and orders Farhad out of his shop. To the owner of the gun store, all individuals of the Arabian race are regarded as dangerous and he is therefore so reluctant to sell him a gun. A scene is also shown where two black men are seen emerging from a restaurant while complaining about the service that they got there. Anthony complains that they were neglected while the server was giving the white customers coffee refills. Anthony goes ahead and tells his companion, Peter, that they did not get any refills from the server because she had an opinion that blacks do not give tips and so she had no time to waste on them (Rivera 12). Even though the movie depicts aspects of racism earlier on, the characters are shown to be better individuals later in the movie. They are demonstrated to be able to show love and care. Conclusion For a conclusive solution to the profiling problem to be found, the problem of profiling should first be properly understood by all. The people should be educated on all the adverse effects that profiling brings about to the society first. Reforms should then be enforced in all the public institutions to curb out any form of profiling because of one’s race. Oversight must be put for these reforms to ensure that they are implemented. Guidance and counseling should also be provided to those who are already affected by profiling to ensure that they feel a sense of belonging again. Works Cited Loe, Daniel. Crash’ A Movie Really About Racism ? Web. Ontario Human Rights Commission. The Effects of Racial Profiling . Web. Rivera, Whitney. “Addressing the Real Problem of Racial Profiling in Seattle, Washington”. Journal of Race, Gender and Ethnicity , 2.1 (2008): 11-13. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
State Ohio System of Medicare and Medicaid Essay Medicare is a centralized health insurance program for older people, and some young people who are disabled, while Medicare covers low-income people, and sometimes seriously sick or disabled individuals. Medicare and Medicaid have a special place in Ohio State because the health factor is important to all Ohioans. Therefore, the following paragraphs explain the healthcare insurance program of Ohio, considering the requirements that must be met, and the financing of the system. Ohio prepares its budget which is approved by the federal government, and for the last ten years, Ohio has been allocating a figure between ten and fifteen billion dollars to its healthcare system. The system is meant to serve everyone who resides in Ohio including legal immigrants (Harlow, 2011). However, some requirements must be followed before one can be absorbed into the system. Medicare is provided to individuals who are 65 years and above. For people who make contributions to their social security fund, they are guaranteed of being absorbed into the system once they turn 65 years. This option is for the people who are employed, but fortunately those that are in self employment or have never been employed can join the system by filling out a form. Medicare services include in-patient and out-patient services. However, these services come at a fee, and for those who are covered through the social security fund, their bills are paid by this entity. Walker (2011) argues that those who cannot afford to pay for Medicare services cannot be denied the assistance they need because the state of Ohio finances the Medicare system, but their financial support is partial. For the state government to assist in paying Medicare bills, they consider the age of the patient and the amount of money that he/she earns. The government of Ohio has a set amount of money that one should be earning to qualify for government assistance; the money is determined by the type of illness. Likewise, Medicaid is reserved for little children, expectant mothers, and people with special needs. Additionally, people with ailments such as cancer are entitled to Medicaid services. People who earn little money are also included in this system. The Medicaid services are monitored by the jobs and family services department, and varied applications are depending on one’s earnings and age among other factors. This is necessary because the department needs to identify the people who can afford to pay for themselves and those who cannot (Walker, 2011). The Ohio state government is doing a good job in providing healthcare services to its residents. Family services department is helping people to pay their medical services bills. That is a commendable role because many people live below the poverty line, and thus they cannot afford to pay for healthcare services. By helping such people, the government of Ohio shows that it is committed to protecting its residents from health problems, and caring for the less fortunate in the society. In addition, the department has been helping people to get jobs so that they can be able to pay for their medical bills. However, Lawson (2011) argues that Medicare and Medicaid programs take a greater percentage of Ohio’s budget, and this has generated debate on the way funds are managed by the state government. As a result, Governor Kasich and other leaders are in the process of controlling the burden of Medicaid. In this regard, nurses can assist the needy and the poor people in Ohio by educating them on the issues of family planning so that they can have manageable number of children. This will go a long way in regulating the entire population of Ohio. The poor lack time to think about family planning, but ignoring them could result in a crisis in future. This is because they may multiply at a very fast rate, and hence the number of people who rely on government assistance may increase and overwhelm the government. Soon, the state government may run out of funds to assist them, leading to increase in child mortality rates. References Harlow, K. (2011). Ohio’s Proposed Budget . Triage. Web. Lawson, R.G. (2011). Are the Blind Leading the Blind? The Challenges of Confronting Ohio’s ‘Pac-man’. The Buckeye Institute. Web. Walker, D.A. (2011). Ohio Medicare & Medicaid. eHow. US: Demand Media, Inc. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why Engineers Need to Be Ethical? Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Ethics in Engineering 3. Young Engineers Pressures 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Ethics refers to the positive guidelines that are used in various professions to guide the action and behavior of people in a given profession (Kreiner & Putcha, 2005). Ethics is based on morals that mandate professionals to act in a consistent manner that upholds good values. The main tenets for ethical behavior in any professional practice include acting with dignity, fairness, honest, and trustworthy. Lau (n.d.) noted that ethical behavior involves the ability to exercise their own discretion when faced with a dilemma. Ethical practice in engineering entails making thoughtful decisions that align with the needs of society and upholds the dignity of all people. The following paper discusses the need for engineers to be ethical and the pressures young engineers face. Ethics in Engineering Engineers are responsible for many artifacts in contemporary society. They deal with the constructed world that has both benefits and risks. For example, civil engineers are tasked with designing structures that are used by people such as roads. In order to promote the common good for the public, engineers are supposed to uphold the safety, health, and welfare of the public (Lau, n.d.). In addition, ethical standards ensure that engineers do not offer services in the fields that they have no competence. Engineers are tasked with solving problems in society by identifying and understanding the issues that affect the public. This aspect of engineering forms the basis for choosing the cause of action that is morally acceptable and evaluating the possible impacts of the engineering action. Kreiner and Putcha (2005) noted that engineers are involved in many activities that touch on the lives of the public. It is thus required that engineers should bear in mind that the decisions and practices they make should put into consideration the lives, health, and safety of the public. According to Lau (n.d.), engineers are supposed to complement the technical competence with an evaluation of the implications of their project designs. For example, projects undertaken by engineers may result in environmental degradation or alter the natural course; diversion of a major waterway may interfere with the bionetwork, pose health and safety risks, and may negatively affect the environment. In contemporary society, there have been increases in technological development. Technology is regarded as a means of social progress, therefore, in order to advance the social good, engineers are tasked with ensuring that the technological equipment they design does not pose health and safety concerns to the public. Thus, there is a concern about the actions of engineers and their connections with the larger world. This becomes a great concern when the actions of the engineers lead to environmental degradation or pose health risks to residents. According to Lau (n.d.), engineers should uphold the health and safety of the people. In line with safety and health requirements, engineers are required to maintain moral standards in executing their mandate. Bearing in mind the roles played by engineers, it is evident that there is a need for engineers to be ethical in order to design projects properly and avoid practices that pose problems to society. Young Engineers Pressures Young engineers face many ethical dilemmas in the execution of their duties. For example, young engineers are faced with a conflict of interest issues. The conflicts commonly arise when there are issues of loyalty to the organizations they are working for and the need to advance self-interest. For example, young engineers employed in various organizations experience ethical dilemmas when their firms are engaging in illegal and harmful practices that contradict the ethical behaviors of engineers. Due to the need to maintain employment and, at the same time, to remain morally upright as per engineering ethics, the young engineers face difficulties in making a sound judgment. According to Kreiner and Putcha (2005), engineers are obligated to obey their employers, but at the same time, they should engage in activities that promote the public good. In order to solve such pressures, Lau (n.d.) noted that the protection of society is paramount. Therefore, young engineers facing dilemmas should prioritize matters that relate to the public. Even though this may have a great career and financial implications for the young engineers, Kreiner and Putcha (2005) argued that the gratification of doing the right thing should supersede personal interests. Conclusion The concerns for health, safety, and dignity of humanity are critical issues in the engineering practices. The artifacts of engineers may interfere with the life of different species. In modern society, sustainable development requires engineers to design projects that minimize wastes and in line with practices that the community regards as morally accepted. Therefore, just as the other professionals such as doctors, engineers are involved in activities that directly touch on the safety and health of the public. Hence, it is clear that engineers need to be ethical in order to promote the safety and health of the public. Ethical considerations in engineering act as the roadmap of good behavior and outlines the values that enhance humanity. Thus, engineers should make choices that confront humanity’s challenges, such as environmental degradation practices. References Kreiner, J., & Putcha, C. (2005). Ethical and professional issues facing engineers in global settings . Fullerton, CA: California State University. Lau, E. (n.d.). Is ethics important to engineers? Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Multispecialty Group Practice in Medicine Report Multispecialty group practice is a practice that is composed of physicians from different specialty working collaboratively in the same health care facility to provide effective and efficient comprehensive health services to the patients (Pauly, 2009). Although multispecialty group practice is currently on the increase, it is not a guarantee that it will achieve economies of scope (Pauly, 2009). Besides, recent researches have shown that the economic advantage of this practice is its ability to coordinate care in a managed care setting, though it requires large practices (Robibson, 2010). According to a qualitative research about group practices, more than 20% of health care facilities practice multispecialty group practice because of the potential for high quality and low cost through clinical coordination, economies of scale and the physicians’ culture of total responsibility (Pauly, 2009). Additionally, it is beneficial to the patients because the reception of multiple services at one place expedites referral process (Pauly, 2009). For instance, multispecialty practice may include specialists from orthopedics, cardiology, medicine, neurology and gynecology in one building to facilitate patients’ access to a well-coordinated standard care (Pauly, 2009). Multispecialty group practice achieves economies of scale through purchasing of supplies and equipment in large volumes because it is always cheap to procure goods and services in large quantity (Robibson, 2010). Secondly, economies of scale is achieved through computerized information system because information technology saves on expenditure by cutting down on the cost of stationery (Pauly, 2009). Thirdly, economies of scale is achieved through the spread of insurance risk and access to financial capital at a lower interest rate and finally, the prominent name of multispecialty group practice in the community does not only attract the people at the grass root level but also experienced physicians and administrators (Robibson, 2010). According to researches done, multispecialty group practice achieve economies of scope in the coordination of clinical care by combining the services provided by non-physicians, physicians and specialists (Pauly, 2009). Secondly, it achieves economies of scope by maintaining a balance in the health care professionals via avoiding of under capacity in physicians and overcapacity in specialists (Pauly, 2009). Finally, it achieves economies of scope by retaining the clinical accountability to their patients from their residence, through the outpatient, the inpatient and long-term care setting (Robibson, 2010). Moreover, multispecialty group practice can adapt a culture that involves physicians’ collaboration and group medicine through promotion and payment policies that promote a concern for the whole enterprise rather than one specialty (Pauly, 2009). Multispecialty group practice has several advantages and to begin with, it is beneficial to the patients with multiple health care problems because it promotes an environment that motivates and enhances communication and collaboration leading to standard care (Robibson, 2010). Secondly, it offers all services at one stop and this time is saving to the patients because they will not require to visit another facility for extra services (Pauly, 2009). Thirdly, it provides an environment in which physicians can specialize and become experts in a particular area (Pauly, 2009). Finally, multispecialty group practices often provide services that are not available in many communities and this attract many people (Robibson, 2010). In conclusion, multispecialty group practice needs to be adapted because as medicine grows, it becomes impossible for a single physician to know everything that the health care field has to offer (Pauly, 2009). Furthermore, the number of patients who require visiting a multi specialty group practice is on the increase (Robibson, 2010). For instance, there is an increase in the number of patients with multiple medical problems, atypical diseases, undiagnosed problems and complicated problems like heart diseases, cancer or stroke (Pauly, 2009). References Pauly, J. (2009). Should you Choose a Multispecialty Group Practice for your Care? Journal of Ambulatory Care Management , 20 (7), 780-800. Robibson, A. (2010). The Limits of Prepaid Group Practice. Journal of Health Politics, Policies and Law , 65 (27), 199-211. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
If only the metallic quality is taken, the meaning of the word is limited. But Merriam Webster online dictionary gives two other meanings also. Malleable also means something “ capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences .” (1). This definition makes the term a little negative. If we take this meaning in the case of a human being, this quality seems a personality defect or shortcoming. A malleable person is a weak person who alters his decisions and aims when he faces difficulties or challenges. It directs us to related words like bendy and flexible. The man with such a quality will be the object of contempt of his friends and fellow beings due to his malleability, and sometimes he may be called by others as black-legged. Some sentences using this term are given below: 1. Shirley’s malleability is evident from the way she changes opinions. 2. Freddie is so malleable . He makes a decision according to his wife’s wishes. The very negative meaning turns positive when it comes to the third definition of the term as “ having a capacity for adaptive change .” (1). This definition is more accepted and widely used. When it comes to the personality of a human being, ironically, the term epitomizes one to a near-to-perfect-personality because adaptability is being considered by all the management specialists and human resource development scientists as one of the value points of ideal personality. Then one having the capacity for adaptive change will be a success in his life, both personal and professional. He will not be affected by sudden changes and fluctuations that may happen in his life. He will be an enthusiastic, progressive, unconventional, and energetic person. He will be well-liked by everyone by his adaptive nature. He can make a lot of friends, which he can maintain for a long time due to the peculiarity of his personality. Some examples of the word malleable are given below: 1. John is very malleable so that he finds it very easy to adjust to the frequent transfers he has. 2. My husband Denny went to Africa for one year of social work. He says that it is very easy to adjust to the situations there. I know that he would say like this only because he is very malleable in nature. In my life, malleability, in its positive sense, has been a factor of success. During my childhood, I remember that I was not so malleable because I found it very difficult to adjust to the new school in those days. But things had changed when I grew up. Adolescence has given me this quality like a blessed gift. During that mature stage, with my malleable nature, I could mingle with people very easily, and I could adjust to the circumstances very quickly. When I joined the new hostel, everything was different from the old hostel. At first, I found life there very difficult. The hostel had a strict timetable, and I thought it very difficult to follow the instructions given by the warden. The seniors came to tease me in the name of ragging. But malleability made me face all adversities with courage. I got many friends, including the hostile seniors, within a short span of time. This quality made me the leader among the group. My opinion is that malleability should be there in everyone’s life to become a success in life. Work Cited Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
William Bradford as a Founder of American Ideals Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The colonial period in American literature was rich in valuable ideas the authors of which are regarded as the founders of the American ideal. One of such writers was William Bradford, whose political and creative activities and writings are still relevant nowadays. The greatest contribution of this statesman and author was the foundation and description of the first colony. This work was described in the book Of Plymouth Plantation , and it was considered an enormous achievement both by Bradford’s contemporaries and ancestors (Sargent 389). The relevance of Bradford’s ideas is revealed in the modern system of building political relationships as well as in the notions of patriotism and righteousness (Moran 44). Back in the colonial period, Bradford established these issues in his literary works, and even nowadays, his ideas have not lost their essence and value. Main body Bradford’s ideas of colony life were the first ones, but they were quite successful. Probably the most valuable of them, which are rather crucial for present-day life, were the notions of such democratic institutions as town meetings and franchise. Those were the initial attempts of establishing the life of a society in a way that would be comfortable for everyone. Nowadays, democracy plays an important role in people’s lives, too. It is quite uncomfortable to live in a state of dictatorship, where a common citizen has no right to express his or her preferences and live by them. Because of Bradford’s ideas, it became possible for the modern U.S. society to exist in the way it does. Democracy offers a large number of advantages to people, such as the possibility to select their political leaders and participate in the major decisions upon which their lives depend. The themes raised in Bradford’s works helped the next generations to develop and improve their political and patriotic beliefs. The idea of franchising was another asset among Bradford’s accomplishments. This notion was closely related to the religious arrangements in the Plymouth settlement. Bradford was a very religious person, and it was important to him that his subordinates could express their beliefs freely. Thus, even though he was a Pilgrim, he acknowledged the influence of Puritans on his worldview (Moran 44). Franchising was established in Plymouth churches, where the majorities (Separatists or Congregationalists) did not prevent the minorities (Presbyterians) from the free expression of their faith. This idea is especially relevant to modern life since there is a large variety of churches in the world, in general, and in the USA, in particular. Conclusion Because of Bradford’s initiatives, it became possible for present-day religious institutions to function while co-existing peacefully. People can choose what church to attend, and they are not prosecuted if their choice does not coincide with the majority. Thus, it is possible to conclude that literary contributions made by Bradford had a positive effect on the formation of modern society. The notion of the American ideal was partially conceived in Bradford’s works, which makes this author’s legacy a valuable part of U.S. history and literature. Works Cited Moran, Eugene V. A People’s History of English and American Literature . Nova Science Publishers, 2002. Sargent, Mark L. “William Bradford’s “Dialogue” with History.” The New England Quarterly, vol. 65, no. 3, 1992, pp. 389-421. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The reasons for the near extinction include poaching, habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, pollution, diseases, climate change, and low birth rates (IUCN, 2021). Some of the most endangered species include the Javan rhino, African elephants, black rhino, snow leopards, orangutans, the vaquita, Amur leopards, and the eastern lowland gorillas. With the appropriate conservation measure, endangered animals may increase over time. Captive breeding and reintroduction are among the most effective conservation approaches. They involve capturing, breeding, and rearing endangered animals in wildlife reserves, zoos, or aquariums to help increase their numbers. After a significant number is raised, the animals can then be released back to their natural habitats. For example, in 1982, only 22 California condors existed in the wild; however, captive breeding increased the number to 425 in 2014 (Association of Zoos & Aquarium, n.d). Thus, when threats are reduced, the rare species can improve in numbers. Habitat protection is critical in ensuring the safety of endangered animals. Protected areas where endangered species can be placed include nature reserves, national parks, and wildlife refuges. There are various marine reserves and protected areas that prohibit fishing, thus safeguarding the marine species. In this case, New Zealand has several marine reserves that protect sea turtles, aquatic mammals, and some fish species such as manta rays and white pointer sharks (Ministry for Primary Industries, n.d). Additionally, some laws and regulations safeguard wildlife at state, national, and global levels to prevent animal extinction. In this case, CITES or the Washington convention significantly regulates the global trade of wild animals. This treaty restricts and controls any trade involving endangered species to ensure they do not become extinct In conclusion, human activity and climate change continually threaten some wild animals’ survival. Nonetheless, appropriate conservation methods such as captive breeding and habitat protection can ensure the continuous reproduction of these species. The enactment of state, national and global laws that safeguard wild animals also promotes the survival of these species. Human beings have a responsibility to ensure the protection of wild animals and their habitats. Global warming is one of the biggest threats to animal and plant survival. The accumulation of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, deforestation, and increased agricultural activities are major contributors to this phenomenon. The increased earth temperature associated with global warming has led to climate change resulting in several natural calamities. However, the threat of global warming can be reduced by using renewable energy, recycling, planting more trees, and lowering the emission of greenhouse gases. Global warming has significant adverse impacts on human beings and the environment. The extreme heat associated with climate change increases complications from underlying respiratory and heart diseases such as renal failure and asthma and may cause other heat-related disorders. Global warming also increases the risk of storms and drought, affecting food supply, which may cause death to both humans and animals (Global Climate Change, 2021). It has also been linked to ocean acidification, increased ocean temperature, and rising sea levels. Such occurrences have led to the death of a significant number of marine life. Rather than human actions, global warming may result from natural forces. Human activities such as deforestation, industrial processes, and agricultural activities have long been attributed to climate change. However, there are claims that complex gravitational interactions, particularly alterations in the earth’s orbit, torque, and axial tilt, may also influence climate change resulting in increased temperature (Neaves, 2017). Gradual shifts in the earth’s orbit combined with its axial tilt places the south and north poles more directly to the sun resulting in temperature extremes. In conclusion, global warming has adverse effects on humans and nature. It exposes humans to heat-related diseases and increases complications of respiratory illnesses such as asthma. Climate change depletes vegetation causing food shortage and death to humans and animals. Similarly, it causes ocean warming and acidification, which destroys marine life. Although some natural forces such as shifts in the earth’s orbit and axis may trigger temperature changes, human activities are the greatest contributors to global warming. References Association of Zoos & Aquarium (n.d). Reintroduction programs . Web. Ministry for Primary Industries. (n.d). Protecting marine life . Web. Neaves, T., T. (2017). The climate is changing, but not just because of humans. Here’s why that matters . NBC News . Web. International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2021). African elephant species now endangered and critically endangered – IUCN Red List . Web. Global Climate Change. (2021). The effects of climate change . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The crash occurred due to a collision of two trains, one with passengers and the other carrying diesel tanks outside Paddington station. The collision resulted in derailed carriages and a massive fire that engulfed the trains. The accident became a morbid part of history but led to significant reforms in national policy on train protection systems as well as management and regulation of rail safety. Emergency service responders faced significant hazards as they arrived on the scene of the crash. First, they had to consider the ongoing fire that resulted due to the crash, as flames rose up to 100 feet in the air. The train carrying diesel had a hazardous and easily flammable substance. Therefore, there was a danger of an ongoing spill of a chemical substance as well, which could be dangerous to health when touched or inhaled. There was a threat of electrical hazard since the trains were running on electric lines and after the crash, many of the lines tripped out. It was not until later that the central control room disconnect the power to prevent residual current. There were physical barriers that proved to be challenging to find survivors and investigate the incident, including wreckage, bent rails, and other objects that limited mobility of first responders. The fire brigade to physically remove the roofs of train carriages to led survivors out. This was endangered by suspended roofs of the carriage and electrical lines dangling overhead. The first responders faced logistical, social, and physical challenges as well. The crash site was difficult to access, and a security gate to the area could not handle the traffic or size of the equipment. There were issues with opening the gate initially. Afterwards, a hole was cut in the fence as well to allow access by medical personnel and allow for removal of live casualties. The operation required significant logistical challenges, including cooperation amongst the emergency service departments that had between 500 and 600 personnel on the ground. The London Emergency Services department had to implement a special protocol to manage a major disaster to coordinate activity. Furthermore, all train routes had to be stopped or redirected. Finally, the physical challenges that the responders faced were extreme. The initial rescue operations took more than 12 hours in arduous, dangerous, and distressing conditions. The reports by the Health and Safety Commission in the aftermath of the crash dedicated a whole section dedicated to the actions of emergency service responders, some of which are covered above. The report openly states that the emergency services deserved “great praise.” Based on the descriptions and accounts of the incident, it seemed that many of the responders showed tremendous courage and persistence in their work. They found innovative solutions to resolve challenges and approached the situation in a systematic and efficient manner that helped to save a lot of lives. The emergency services conducted a thorough search of the crash site for bereaved and injured that the government and families of victims greatly appreciated. The incident saw unprecedented use of police family liaisons as well. A few criticisms were aimed at the emergency responders. Firstly, passengers that were taken off the crash site to adjoining premises noted that no steps were taken to assist them in recovery. The solution to this aspect is to provide care for passengers even if they do not require immediate medical attention. Arrangements for the after-care should be made. Based on the report, the train operating companies are responsible for this aspect. There was an increased criticism of the organisation of the Casualty Bureau of the Metropolitan Police Service. There was a lack of adequate systems in place to collect inquiries and release information to family members and the public. At the time, railway crashes with numerous injured and dead, placed a significant strain on the bureau’s information system. Since it was not yet computerised, it relied on paper forms to collect details of missing persons. In the first day, more than 3,868 calls came in, resulting in 2000 missing person reports, which increased to 5,000 on the second day. The volume of reports and complex logistics of cross-referencing them with official files resulted in many inquiries unanswered or having gone missing. The solution to this issue is an implementation of an up-to-date IT system that relies on automatic matching and filing of reports to increase the practicality of information notifications during times of crisis. This is the responsibility of the Casualty Bureau. In the weeks after the crash, debriefings showed that all emergency services felt that better coordination and communication is required. There was a lack of liaison at the North Kensington fire station and no adequate communication with the train operating company or the railway station central office. Weaknesses in communication were evident during the commute to the scene and at the crash site itself. The solution to this issue was found by conducting joint emergency service debriefings with representatives from all public and private organisations. The emergency services departments showed significant initiative in conducting the meeting and establishing lines of communication. The Railway Group was involved as well to ensure that if such disasters occur, there would be an adequate response. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Is Being a Human a Sufficient Condition for Having a Right to Life? Essay (Critical Writing) The right to have rights is nearly as essential as living. It is decidedly within the contemporary society where every person has a right to self-expression, which subsequently entails all other rights’ implementation. However, there is a notion of people’s desires and interests that cannot by any means be regarded as equal as rights. Cohen claims that moral rights are those that have to always be respected no matter what, while interests represent a lower case of respect. So, whether being a human is a sufficient condition to have a right to live or not is a very disputable question. It is believed that having a right to live by a person means that a human cannot be killed by any other human. Therefore, modern society has long been struck with endless debates on the rights of people of moral and legislative origin. To make the conclusion obvious and clear up all facets of this problem it is necessary to compare the human issues to the animals’ existence. For many years already there exist debates on euthanasia, capital punishment, abortion, etc that directly address the right of a human to live. It is said that nobody and nothing can stop the life of a person except for the natural condition, namely, it is when a person dies a natural death – from disease or being sheer old. It would seem obvious that this right is evident and reasonable for living creatures because humans mostly support the notion of justice. Nevertheless, many scientists, as Carl Cohen, suggest that such living creatures like animals cannot have moral rights; hence they can be killed, used in food, medical industries, scientific experimentation, etc. In order to prove that Cohen says that the absence of rights in animals is explained by their immoral conduct: “there is no morality for them, animals do no mortal wrong…concepts of wrong, and of right, are totally foreign” (p.31). So, since animals cannot indulge in deliberations, fix moral principles, and follow them, they are not even close to having moral rights, hence no one can prevent people from harming them. Interestingly, people are confident in their supremacy over all other creatures. So, from the deliberations of Cohen, is it possible to draw a conclusion that having a right to live is decided by the supremacy of one over another? If so, then humankind should be really careful under such conditions. There is another opinion of a scientist named Gaverick Matheny who significantly outlines the basic principles that were actually formed and adopted by many people centuries ago and interpreted newly today. To be more exact, Matheny talks about animals having the same exact rights to live as people do leaning on a matter of Bible: “Love your neighbor as you love yourself” (Matthew 22:39) and of equal consideration of interests’ principle: “Act in such a way that the like interests of everyone affected by your action are given equal weight.” This directly contradicts Cohen, of course, though has much in common with the majority of people’s view on animals’ treatment. Utilitarianism is about the efforts of many people to maximize the overall satisfaction of interests all over the planet. However, Cohen differentiates the two notions of a right and interest. So, is it enough to be a human to have a right to live? Basically, there are two opinions that contradict each other: animals should be treated equally because of their interests, and another view: an animal is not developed enough to morally fight for life. Thus, it is necessary to decide whether a human is moral enough to have a right to life. It is well-known that many humans today act as if they were animals, literally and figuratively. So, if – after Cohen – an animal cannot choose to live because of the absence of morality, then why do those immoral humans (killers, maniacs, and simply loafers) have to live? Thus, it is possible to draw a conclusion in favor of capital punishment, for example. If a human harms society and does not contribute anyhow, then he/she can be easily sentenced to death as per Cohen. Therefore, being a human is not a sufficient condition to have a right to life. However, here we face another disagreement: being united under the high mammals’ class, all humans can be considered similar this way, and so how can one human be sentenced to death by another human if they originate from one clan? Therefore, the theory of Cohen is likely to collapse. Of course, that would be the right outcome because people are of the highest intellectual development and deserve to have a right to life just because the life was given to them. And yes, being a human is a sufficient condition to have a right to life. So do animals, actually, but we, as highly developed creatures, decide to deprive them of that right, but it does not mean they cannot have it. Being a human is a precious gift, and only a person decides what to do with it with regard to social moral rules. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In this respect, the abovementioned concepts should be analyzed in terms of their appropriateness for democracy and its principles. Property and political rights are integral components of democracy as people are supposed to enjoy equal rights and act by certain laws and have a property that can be owned, sold, or purchased. In other words, every person that denies the concept of property and political rights is not a democrat. Political equality is another concept that exists within the domain of democracy about the political rights that should be given to all members of a democratic society. In this respect, the concept of political equality includes equal rights to enjoy political rights given to all members. Judicial review is one of the components of democracy that demonstrated its effectiveness in practice because some laws passed by federal and state courts that contradict the articles of the Constitution of the country where democracy has been established. Deliberation and legitimacy should be analyzed in terms of democratic principles because every member of the democratic society has a right to be treated by these concepts. Bell’s and Hayek’s proposals can be compared in terms of the abovementioned values and priorities. Thus, both authors treat democracy as a regime that can be changed into something different in the future. As every regime is characterized by certain values, democracy has those as well. However, the situation can shift some priorities in the future. For instance, the concept of the property may be changed so that it does not contradict the concept of political rights. Difference between cultures of West and East Asia Bell speaks of differences in Western and East Asian cultural contexts. The author tries to take into account all differences and similarities of cultures and the applicability of democratic liberties and freedoms to countries with different traditions. In this respect, it is necessary to mention that Bell does not agree that democracy can be applied to every country in the world because all regions have a unique history and should be approached differently. So, I fully agree with the observations by Bell who managed to justify the inappropriateness of democracy to the countries with long Confucian traditions that influence all sectors of society and human activity including the lives of ordinary people, social, political, and economic relations, and other important areas. As traditions mean a lot for people in East Asian regions, it is necessary to take into account the interrelation of traditions and political powers for people. Variations in culture are closely related to issues of political legitimacy in terms of the traditions important for Eastern people that can be ruined by a democratic regime about political legitimacy whereas the main concepts applicable to Eastern culture include rule, respect, and traditions. As reported by Bell, the principles of selectivity differ greatly from those typical of Western culture. For instance, the Western culture in the conditions of a democratic political regime assumes that every member of a society has a political right to become a member of the authoritative body. In contrast, the Eastern culture is based more on the moral rights of members of a society to become members of authoritative bodies. Works Cited Bell, Daniel A. “Taking Elitism Seriously: Democracy with Confucian Characteristics.” Beyond Liberal Democracy: Political Thinking for an East Asian Context . (152-179). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006. Print. Bell, Daniel A. “The Old War.” The New Republic . 1993. Print. Waldron, Jeremy. “Freeman’s Defense of Judicial Review.” Law and Philosophy 13: 27-41. 1994. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
)” by Rossi et al. Essay (Book Review) In chapter 8, “Assessing Program Impact,” aimed to explore the concept of impact assessment as a measure for producing the intended effects of a program. Impact assessments have been developed for determining which effects of a program will yield positive outcomes. A program effect refers to the change in the social conditions or target population that has been brought by a program. An impact assessment is appropriate when implementing a range of points in the course of a social program. Rigorous forms of evaluating the impact of programs are associated with a range of managerial and technical challenges. Target audiences of social programs may be linked to individuals and even families that are difficult to reach and from which outcome and follow-up data are hard to collect. In order to determine the impact of a program, it is required that evaluators compare conditions of targets that have undergone an intervention. In a randomized field experiment, scholars usually assess causal effects between variables. Participants are selected in a random way and differentiated into two groups, such as intervention and control groups (Byrd-Bredbenner et al., 2017). Then, outcomes are observed for both groups, with any differences being linked to the influence of intervention. Non-randomized quasi-experiments also divided participants into intervention and control groups; however, due to the lack of randomization in design, they do not offer the desired level of reliability. Randomized field experiments can be used for defining the difference between outcome targets and equivalent units. Equivalence implies identical composition, identical predisposition, and identical experiences (Rossi, Lipsey, & Freeman, 2004). The most efficient way of achieving equivalence between control groups and interventions is using randomization. To create a true random assignment, a chance-based procedure is implemented, ranging from a random number table to the roll of dice. Random number sequences are the most popular among researchers due to their convenience. Units of analysis represent the range of measures implemented during the assessment. The choice of such units is usually based on the kind of intervention as well as target audiences to which they are delivered. The logic of randomized experiments relies on the idea that mean change on an outcome variable from before and after the intervention. Understanding the difference between control and intervention groups is essential for making conclusions on the statistical significance of the results. Randomized experiments are expected to work in cases when there are expectations of outcomes, increasing the chances of success. Such variables as political or ethical considerations can limit randomization; however, it remains the most widespread and effective way of program impact assessment. References Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Wu, F., Spaccarotella, K., Quick, V., Martin-Biggers, J., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Systematic review of control groups in nutrition education intervention research. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity , 14 (1), 91. Web. Rossi, P., Lipsey, M., & Freeman, H. (2004). Evaluation: A systematic approach (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main Body 3. Absorption 4. Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) Process 5. Advantages and disadvantages to absorption 6. Fuel gas desulfurization 7. Alternative solutions 8. Solid Sorbents 9. Conclusion Introduction The increase of CO 2 in the atmosphere poses a significant challenge in global heating. The reduction of the gas is hence an essential area of research. Separating and sequestrating CO 2 are among the near-term methods for reducing emissions. This essay explores the absorption of CO 2 using diverse methods. Main Body Separating and sequestrating CO 2 can be conducted using various methods such as absorption through solvents or solid sorbents, pressure-swing, and temperature-swing. A variety of solid sorbents, cryogenic decontamination, films, and new and emerging technologies are employed alongside the methods. The largest obstacle in separating CO 2 is the cost incurred. Some techniques afford highly clean jets of CO 2. However, they undergo substantial degradation and damage caused by other elements in the outlet gas. Other methods afford long-term solutions but take a long to attain a satisfactory selectivity when separating CO2 while others demand equipment and separation conditions that are too costly. Absorption The method of absorbing CO 2 through a liquid solvent or solid matrix is contemporarily underway. The solvent used in the process only dissolves CO 2 . The CO 2 –containing solution is pumped through the regeneration column where the CO 2 is stripped off. Optimal conditions for CO 2 absorption are high pressure and low temperature that is typically between the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) step and the stack. The absorption follows after the electrostatic precipitation and the FGD stages. The resultant flue gas (low in CO 2 ) is released to the atmosphere or harnessed for other purposes such as chemical production. Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) Process Monoethanolamine (MEA) is a valuable and cost-effective solvent. Once pumped through a column containing MEA, the flue gas is selectively rid of the CO 2 . Between 70 and 80 percent of operating costs arise from temperature manipulation. Finding a novel solvent or fine-tuning the current techniques is an area that requires much improvement. Advantages and disadvantages to absorption The process of CO2 absorption has diverse advantages and disadvantages. Many of the disadvantages arising from the fact that there are many design issues to conquer. Re-generability of the solvent is among the issues that arise. In addition, the amount of oxygen in the flue gas raises concerns as high concentrations lead to corrosion of carbon steel absorption apparatus. The outstanding advantage of the process is the existence of easily re-generatable solvents. The absorbing solution once placed in the regenerator can be re-used to perform the procedures with similar results as new solvents. Fuel gas desulfurization SO x compounds are used in forming CO 2 -absorbing solvents. Compounds formed from limestone are used to separate SO x from flue gas before absorption. Consequently, they are run together to form the solvent for absorption. Using cost-effective transportation to the absorber reduces the capital cost of retrofitting an operational facility. Alternative solutions Guaranteeing utmost interaction between the solvent and the flue gases through better techniques is a possible solution to improving absorption. The packing of the absorbing material increases the surface area of the solvent while reducing the residence time. Alternative improvement is the dilution of MEA solution with organic solvents. They have lower heat capacities hence reducing the energy demand for regeneration. Solid Sorbents These include calcium and lithium hydroxides. They are associated with higher temperatures but higher absorption rates. They induce cleaning costs due to the formation of CaCO 3 on the surfaces. However, they possess similar advantages and disadvantages as wet solvents. Conclusion The conditions inherent in the shaft gas stream determine the most appropriate methods for utilization in separating CO 2. They affect the absorption rate and regeneration energy. The proper combination of solvent, packing, and conditions will reduce the costs of absorption of CO 2. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Hills Like White Elephants by Hemingway Essay In ‘Hills like White Elephants’, the author has extensively used dialogue and setting to address a personal and emotional situation. The short story revolves around a couple and one other woman at a train station. The three characters engage in dialogue to express different feelings towards an issue under discussion. The setting of this story is given as small campsite or a restaurant located near a hill and next to a railway station. The setting of the place also seems perfect for the discussion that the couple had. In this essay, the researcher seeks to determine how the author’s minimalist and obtuse approach enhance the theme presented in the story. Dialogue is one of the widely used literary devices that most authors use when building up a theme. The dialogue between the girl and the man brings out an emotional feeling between the two. It may be easy to say that the two are in love. This is especially so when the girl says, “I love you now. You know I love you” (Hemingway 477). However, there is a twist to this love that is presented through this dialogue. The man is trying to make the girl do something that will make both of them happy. He is using love to get what he wants from the girl. He says, “And if I do it, you’ll be happy … and you’ll love me” (Hemingway 477). The theme that comes out of this statement is misuse of love. The man is using love to find her way with the girl. The girl reminds him that she loves him even before doing it. However, he insists that the act will be the only way of demonstrating the love, and that it will generate a strong bond between the couple forever. On the side of the girl, her statement brings out another theme that may be described as reckless love. She is convinced that she is in love with him and doing it will not change much about their relationship. However, she is willing to do what he wants simply because it will make him happy. She fails to look at some of the possible consequences of such actions. In fact, the girl deliberately fails to put the man to task about some of the possible outcomes of their actions, and the man takes a great advantage of that fact. The author uses their dialogue to paint the picture of how the American youths always make mistakes at the early stages of their lives simply because they are not willing to put to task the people who mislead them. Hemingway uses the girl to demonstrate this. The lavish lifestyle that is common among many Americans is also presented as a major theme in the dialogue. At the beginning of the story, the girl tells the man, “Let’s drink beer” (Hemingway 475). The couple, through their dialogue, confirms the fact that they love lavishness and the fantasy of being able to own everything. The setting of the story also helps to present the theme. The statement ‘hills like white elephant’ is a simile. The girl could be referring to a possible pregnancy that may be the outcome of their planned act. What is strange is that she seems not to fear the hills like white elephants. This demonstrates that she is comfortable with the pregnancy should it happen to be the outcome of their action. Work Cited Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants: Short Story . Toronto: HarperCollins, 2014. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Child Protection Actions in the United Kingdom Case Study If there is a suspicion that the child is being harmed or is a victim of abuse or direct evidence of such activity, it is necessary to take measures as soon as possible. However, it is also essential that such actions are carried out deliberately, without haste and following instructions and legislation. Otherwise, the situation may not only not be resolved but even worsened. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the available documentation and display a specific list of actions if a threat to the child is identified. First of all, all actions taken must be consistent with the existing legislation. In the United Kingdom context, the Local Safeguarding Children Board (LSCB) is the governing body for most of these activities. Although not the most prominent child protection body, the LSCB is an inter-ministerial body present in every government (“Local safeguarding children boards,” n.d.). This body’s effectiveness is supported by interaction with the Director of Children’s Services, which sets the general line of conduct and the ability to work on children’s problems on a smaller scale, focusing on a specific area. Each LSCB has its guidelines that help professionals deliver child protection services more efficiently with helpful contact details. For example, the London LSCB updates the guidelines for social protection workers every six months, dividing them into basic procedures and practical approaches, as well as providing contact details for communication (“London child protection procedures,” 2020). Therefore, the first step in dealing with a potentially dangerous situation for the child is to check against the specific area’s current guidelines. Besides, to know and understand the guidelines for action, each specialist must strictly know their rights and responsibilities for their activities’ most effective performance. While the specific list may differ from place to place, there is a general example of what skills a child protector should have and what activities he should perform. The main qualities are experience in working with children, interest in ensuring their welfare, the ability to listen and find compromises, as well as to make judgments in difficult situations (“Roles and responsibilities,” n.d.). However, in the modern context, it is necessary to pay attention to the basic principles and transform them according to technological progress. In this regard, it is incredibly relevant to consider the child protection policy in media and online interactions. Unfortunately, on the Internet, children can be exposed to content that they should not see for one reason or another. Therefore, it is the child advocate’s responsibility in this context to create a safe environment for interaction by maintaining the privacy of conversations, using authorized accounts, and an age-appropriate language (“Social media and online safety,” 2020). Communication on the Internet can be challenging due to many different factors, such as slang, so a social worker must be familiar with most of the current modern trends to establish reliable contact with children. Either way, a child protection officer’s primary purpose should be safeguarding children’s protection and welfare. To implement these tasks with maximum efficiency, it is necessary to turn to additional sources, as indicated above. They can be both direct targeting and general overviews of the system, providing general guidance and information regarding work in this area. For example, in addition to solving practical problems, Tickell (2011) advises all specialists to raise awareness of the society about existing issues, drawing attention to urgent matters. Naturally, ensuring the child’s safety is the most crucial task. However, society’s problems must be solved in dangerous situations and by taking systemic preventive measures. These actions are also part of the responsibilities of a specialist in this area. Thus, the child protection officer must act following general and local laws, be clear about their roles, and use existing guidelines to address the challenges they face, both direct and virtual. References Local safeguarding children boards. (n.d.). Citizens Advice. 2021, Web. Roles and responsibilities . (n.d.). Orkney Islands Council. 2021, Web. Social media and online safety. (2020). NSPCC Learning. Web. Tickell, D. C. (2011) The early years: Foundations for life, health and learning. Department for Education. Web. London child protection procedures and practice guidance (2020). London Child Protection Procedures. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ankle Foot Orthosis and Stroke Essay Table of Contents 1. Spasticity and orthotic intervention 2. Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO) 3. Equinus 4. Hearing and Speech problems 5. Reference list Stroke is a health problem that occurs from blockade of blood flow to a specific area of the brain. The National Stroke Association [NSA] (2011), asserts that stroke develops when a “clot of blood barricades an artery or a when an artery ruptures, thereby impeding blood flow to an area of the brain served by that vessel.” This situation leads to brain cells’ necrosis and subsequent damage to the brain. Necrosis of the brain cells caused by stroke results in loss of the body functions associated by the part(s) of the brain involved. Such abilities involve memory, motion, and speech. The impact of stroke is proportional to the region of the brain affected and the magnitude of the damage. The subsequent paragraph describes some conditions that can arise due to stroke, including their interventions. Spasticity and orthotic intervention Spasticity refers to an increased barrier to the reflex movement of a joint due to hypertonus (high muscle tone). There are various interventions to this condition, including orthotic intervention. Tone reducing orthotics is useful to enhance gait patterns and alleviate reflexive muscle stimulation in patients with spasticity. In addition, the practitioner can use adjustable orthosis to manage muscle impairment of the left hand. This method is comparable to casting since it facilitates prolonged stretching of an elbow flexion contracture. The technique is easy to adjust and can be removed for short time intervals on daily basis. Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO) Ankle-foot orthosis is essentially designed to compensate for drop-foot (weakness of dorsiflexor). In absence of AFO, drop foot causes gait alterations leading to increased energy use from compensatory movements including excessive hip and knee flexion or hip hiking to enable foot clearance during swing stage. Spastic plantar flexors typically necessitate a strong AFO designed to sustain a 90-degree position of ankle dorsiflexion. Nevertheless, without spasticity, a spring-aided dorsiflexion is commonly used. “Spring-aided dorsiflexor can be integrated into double metal upright AFO and Plastic designs to enable partial ankle movement –from perpendicular to complete ankle dorsiflexion” (DeLisa, Gans & Walsh, 2005, p.165). The ankle in an AFO is unable to plantar-flex past the 90-degrees, thereby maintaining the GRF line behind the knee, causing a knee flexion instant from first contact through midstance. Nevertheless, from midstance through terminal stance, a rigid AFO does not enable the tibia to articulate progressively forward through dorsiflexion, facilitating rather early heel ascent from knee flexion. Importantly, sustaining foot capacity though in limited range is important during initial and mid-swing stages (DeLisa, Gans & Walsh, 2005, p. 165). The aforementioned AFO makes prevent toe drag by constraining plantar flexion. Equinus Equinus is a health condition that involves a limitation of an upward bending articulation of the ankle joint. A person with equinus lacks the plasticity to flex the foot anterior of the leg. The orthotic intervention for this condition, include arch supports that are convention orthotic devices, which fit inside the shoe to sustain proper weight distribution and to help manage muscle/tendon imbalance (American College of Foot and Ankle surgeon, 2009). Hearing and Speech problems Certain communication problems associated with stroke may pose challenge to orthotist. Thus, the orthostis should take the following factors in consideration. 1. The amputee may have problem in putting thoughts together to narrate an event. 2. Patient changes topics without warning. 3. Problem taking turns during conversation. 4. Problem using a proper voice tone during communication. 5. Challenge interpreting the detail of conversation. 6. The patient has tendency to inappropriate reaction. 7. The patient may exhibit minimal or zero self-consciousness of her or his improper behaviors. Reference list American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeon. (2009). Equinus. Chicago: ACFAS. Web. DeLisa, J. A., Gans, B. M., & Walsh, N. E. (2005). Physical medicine and Rehabilitation principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. National Stroke Association. (2011). what is stroke? Englewood, Colorado: National Stroke Association. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Wolof Culture and Crisis of Masculinity in It Exploratory Essay Crisis of masculinity and factors that led to masculinity crisis in rural Wolof communities The rural Wolof community is in a crisis of authority because of several interlinked processes. The conflict and concession do not signal to end soon as men due to their conservative nature want to maintain their dominance. Nevertheless, global factors that draw women to engage in commercial activities currently leaves Wolof men powerless, and this might transform the crisis from masculinity to that of femininity. One of the factors that have led to masculinity crisis is lack of benefits derived from Programme Agricole where men infringed upon women’s control of their own-account farms. When the Programme Agricole ended, male financial dominance also ended, leaving a vacuum in the provision of basic commodities in the house (Perry 213). The fear of moral discourses and patriarchal wrath is another factor that has led to masculinity crises. In this era of neoliberal reform, men have diminishing control over women mobility. Women now attend louma at their own will, where they interact with people against most men’s wish. Men claim that this is against Islamic teaching. Old men, particularly the polygamous one fear that adultery between their wives and young men (Perry 215). This has pressed on men to deride the female petty trade. Household setup of separable, often competing, interests, rights, and responsibility is another factor that has contributed to the crisis. Money rules Senegal in that economic power minimizes male opposition to women petty trade. The shift from women’s labor as unpaid family workers to a liberal and independent trader has not been taken lightly in this dominant patriarchal society. Women have contributed much of these by exhibiting purpose and agency in a society where men have failed to provide food for the family as well as land and equipment for cultivation (Perry 220). This is in the quest to uphold family values, where men fear the humiliation and mockery of the society for their failures. The reality in African culture is clearly demonstrated in the three films reality entails injustices and inequality between men and women in the society. Nevertheless, the films demonstrate how struggle, persistence, and goodwill in women can change their status from the traditional society to the modern society where women are respected and appreciated. They show the real roles played by African women as mothers, sisters, providers, supporters, educators, and talent nurtures. This is a clear indication that African society is gradually shifting from a male-dominant patriarchal society to accommodate and appreciate the role played by both ganders. Developmental schema of women’ status in Senegalese society based on the three movies In the film “Faat Kine” , the main character Faat represent a typical African woman who has straggled in life due to cultural expectation but later succeeded because of her vigor and will. She represents modern women who are financially independent. Her early life demonstrates the traditional African woman, whose role is to please men. However, her present life reveals how the society has changed and changed the perception toward women and their roles. Her children on the other hand represent the future and show women independence in decision-making (Newman). The film “Tableau Ferraille” on the other hand indicates how women are the pillars of the society to an extent of making or breaking a man. Although Daam is handsome, eager, ambitious, and westernized, he opts to marry a second wife because his first wife, Gagnesiri was unable to have children. Ironically, Gagnesiri uphold family values. Upon realizing that her husband married another wife for own selfish end, she leave him and set to another land (Dembrow). This is an indication of societal shift to modernity, as well as how women are able to make independent decisions. Lastly, “Moolaade” demonstrate the struggle in modern African society in budging from the culture of gender stereotyping (Ebert). It shows how strong and focused women can unite and defeat the evil in the patriarchal society. Works Cited Dembrow, Michael. “Tableau Ferraille.” 14 February 1999. Web. Ebert, Roger. “ Moolaade .” 01 July 2007. Web. Newman, Talibah. “A Review of the Film “Faat Kine”.” 24 September 2006. Web. Perry, Donna L. “Wolof Women, economic liberalization, and the crisis of masculinity in rural Senegal.” Ethnology (2003): 207-226. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Chain of Command in Design of Constructional Organizations Essay There is no doubt that every organization working stably is submitted to several rules and organizational plans that presuppose full accountability to the internal requirements. The organization is a group of people working cohesively together for a primarily predetermined purpose using financial, material, and most important human resources. A constructional organization’s definition is likely to follow the same statement outlined above; it is a formal organization that is characterized by specific features. One of those is the divisions where people are divided into different sub-units that are responsible for their specific tasks. Another thing is the chain of commands, which indicates who reports to whom and on whose behalf. This, of course, develops hierarchical relationships within the constructional company. To make the work efficient and make sure that the organization is going to be successful there is an organizational design developed. “Organizational design is the deliberate process of configuring structures, processes, reward systems… capable of achieving the business strategy” (Kates, p.1). The purpose of this paper is to show the necessity of organizational design and possible good outcomes that can be achieved via using the chain of command in the design of constructional organization because with more competition, the need to improve performance increases (Roberts, p.3) . Below you will find three effective ways to make the organizational design of a constructional company better because to keep to the vents of the current market it is necessary to improve internal policies, besides, organizational innovation has taken on significantly greater prominence in recent years (Gaynor, p.4). First of all, the managerial posts have to hold efficient people. The prior requirement, of course, is a PhD degree or at least a Master’s one. This may mean that a person had already had an internship and is ready to present their insight of the position’s obligations to contribute to the company’s success. Besides, it is necessary to find a motivating and inspiring since we are talking about the chain of command. This presupposes inspiring employees who happen to be under the managers’ command. Once the right person is chosen for this position this entails many fruitful results. Moreover, a person we are talking about within this chain of command has to be experienced in terms of task tasks’ assigning because those have to be relevant to employees’ capabilities to submit professionally completed work on time. The second variant to use the chain of commands to make the organizational design of the constructional organization better is to make the employees feel important disregarding their place in the chain of command. Informing people of the purpose they are working for along with changes is required. Besides, making the purpose common for everybody in a chain of command is necessary to create one big team of people accomplishing their different tasks for one single aim. Before demanding an experienced work completion it is important to make sure the people of a specific establishment get enough information – that communication is perfectly planned across the company because increasing size and complexity result in chaos and missed opportunities (Simons, p.3) . Hence, this will enable the seniors to convey useful knowledge to the subordinates. Here it can be transparently seen how the chain of command works effectively. In conclusion, it is to be said that a chain of command is very beneficial for the organizational design of a construction company. It serves as a perfect opportunity to teach people, give them a chance of promotion, and as a result reap the fruits of their labour performed within a cohesively structured hierarchy. Works Cited Gaynor, Gerard, H. Innovation by Design: What It Takes to Keep Your Company on the Cutting Edge. New York, AMACOM: 2002. Print. Kates, Amy., Galbraith, Jay R. Designing Your Organization: Using the STAR Model to Solve 5 Critical Design Challenges. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass: 2007. Print Roberts, John. The Modern Firm: Organizational Design for Performance and Growth. New York, Oxford University Press: 2007. Print. Simons, Robert. Levers Of Organization Design: How Managers Use Accountability Systems For Greater Performance And Commitment . Boston, Harvard Business Press: 2005. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Tracking The Murderer One of the most controversial and, therefore, the most problematic issues in the sphere of crime fighting, except the fact that crimes are committed every single day and the forensic experts are supposed to expose themselves to the constant danger of being taken hostage, wounded or killed, there is a certain concern about the way the rest of the population takes the image of a forensic expert and the way the population understands the daily routine of the experts. According to what Byers (2011) says, “When confronted with decomposed bodies or skeletonized remains, forensic anthropologists attempt to provide law enforcement officials with as much information as possible about the decedents and the circumstances surrounding their deaths” (p. 11). Playing an essential role in the process of detecting the crime, forensic anthropologists remain in the shadow, which is most unfair. However, even though the movie in question reveals certain aspects of the forensic anthropologists work, it still contains a number of widespread prejudices, which is another reason for conveying a research on the degree to which the given movie reveals the work of a forensic anthropologist. Analyzing the Problem: The Case of a Misinterpretation To bring the matter in question to the attention of the audience, it is necessary to mark that in the given series, the murder revealed during the paintball tournament is revealed, and the most detailed autopsy of the corpse is being conducted to finds out further on that the murderer, the doctor who had been curing the victim in an unorthodox way, was motivated by one of the most vulgar reasons, namely, the money. However, one must give the credit to the plot, since the evidence was the tooth print left on a chewing gum (Hansen 2005). Looking Closer at the Evidence: The Details That Give Everything Away Speaking of the issue that makes the movie create an image of a forensic expert that differs from the reality quite considerably is the specifics of the forensic anthropologist’s work, namely, the specific procedures that make the essence of the investigation. Because of the tiniest slips in the sphere of the forensic anthropologists’ working process, the movie suffers from a professional point of view and distorts the image if a forensic anthropologist considerably. As Byers (2011) explains, the essence of a forensic expert’s work consists of achieving “five main objectives,” (p. 1) namely, determining ancestry, sex, age, etc. ; offering ideas concerning the nature of the injury, offering suggestions concerning the postmortem interval; locating the remnants so that the investigation could be continued, and offering identifications of the diseased (Byers, 2011, p. 1). In the given movie, however, the entire process of the forensic analysis is being distorted, and certain essential yet, unfortunately, unattractive moments are skipped. For instance, the concern about the fingerprints (Hanson, 2005) should have risen long before, and the investigation would have gone considerably further. Cutting the issues of the forensic anthropologists’ daily routine, Hanson creates a more entertaining, yet less credible series. A Cup of Coffee and a Cigarette: The Experts’ Daily Routine It is important to mark that the specifics of the forensic experts’ work concerns such an important element as osteology. Since a skeleton is the only thing that remains of a human being, it is necessary to consider every single fact that the skeleton of the body can offer to the scientists. As Byers (2011) explains, “all forensic experts must be fully knowledgeable in human osteology and, to a lesser extent, odontology” (p. 27). However, it is quite remarkable that in the given movie, very little attention is paid to examining the skeleton of the victim. Thus, the movie obviously lacks in the most essential details of forensic experts’ routing. Conclusion: When There’s Nothing to Find. The Truth, Revealed Summarizing the above-mentioned, one must mark that the movie handles rather well various issues concerning the investigation itself, even though coloring the elements that might seem quite grayish for an average uninitiated spectator, or even skipping the elements that make the movie heavy and boring. Despite the exaggeration of certain facts, one cannot deny the movie certain charm and the detailed portrayal of the deduction process that leads the forensic anthropologists to the main villain of the crime, a psychotic mind that has committed the God-awful crime and has plotted numerous deaths. However, it must be marked that the movie does have certain flaws which might have considerable impact on the shaping of the image of a forensic expert. Creating a more credible plot with more details concerning the forensic analysis and at the same time keeping the movie entertaining might be quite a challenge, yet it would contribute to the shaping of the right image of a forensic anthropologist. Among the key elements that would make the movie ore credible, one should mark a more detailed analysis, more precise use of the specific terms and the right consequence of the analysis procedures. With that in mind, Hanson will be able to create a more credible image of a forensic expert. Reference List Byers, S. N. (2011). Introduction to forensic anthropology (4 th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Web. Hanson, H. (Producer). (2005). The memories in the Shallow Grave. Bones . United States: Fox. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Maternal Mortality Reduction Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Impact Indicators For Maternal Mortality 3. Emergency Obstetric care (EmOC) 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Maternal deaths are on the increase around the world with the recent statistic standing at 99% in developing countries. In the United States, more than 1.7 million women lose their lives while giving births due to pregnancy complications (Smith 2). Maternal deaths are mostly attributed to lack of proper medical attention of a skilled health or medical worker, unsafe abortions, excessive bleeding when giving birth and generally lack adequate education to pregnant women on pregnancy complications and their preventions (World Health Organization 7) Impact Indicators For Maternal Mortality Due to the increase of maternal deaths, something had to be done urgently to reduce the fatalities. The World Summit came up with a set of indicators that were to be used to closely monitor the maternal mortality reduction goals. The Impact indicators agreed upon by UNICEF and WHO are the Maternal Mortality and Prenatal Mortality. In Maternal Mortality, the levels, causes, and trends of maternal deaths are compared in different places. The Maternal Mortality ratio measures the probability of deaths caused due to pregnancy complications once pregnant, that means it measures live births. Inquiries from relatives in the household about deaths can also ascertain maternal mortality. This is called the ‘sisterhood method’ (Marlene 57). The survey conducted using this indicator has played a significant role in capturing the number of maternal deaths and helps to know the cause of death. However, its main limitation is that it is unable to record the exact figure of deaths due to various reasons. The process is expensive, and the state has to rely on reports made by close members regarding the end. This is a problem since not all deaths are reported. Deaths caused by abortions are also very hard to be captured. Perinatal Mortality is used for evaluating and monitoring maternal mortality programs that aim at reducing maternal deaths. Its main goal is to ascertain the circumstances and causes under which the maternal deaths occur such as the delivery management and the health of the mother (Tinker 16). This indicator is mostly preferred as perinatal deaths occur at a higher rate as compared to maternal deaths. However, this indicator lacks adequate local surveillance to measure neonatal deaths and stillbirths which are under-reported. Emergency Obstetric care (EmOC) EmOC refers to the process of medical response in saving a pregnant woman during the pregnancy period, delivery or post-partum period. It can be either basic EmOC, which can be performed at the level of a health center by a midwife or a nurse, or Comprehensive EmOC which requires an operating theatre. There are several service indicators that refer to the use and availability of EmOC. These service indicators include the availability of emergency obstetric care facilities, the Geographical distribution of these emergency obstetric care facilities, the various cesarean sections and the direct fatality rate in obstetric cases. These indicators are in most cases considered approximate as they are based on the best estimates, assumptions, and data (Bailey 5). However, most countries do not meet the acceptable level for the needed appropriate interventions making the work of program planners to reduce the maternal deaths difficult. Conclusion Maternal deaths cause grief to those left behind and should, therefore, be addressed. Pregnant women should be educated and advised on getting the best medical care from qualified health trainers. Any complications during pregnancy should also be reported immediately. Works Cited Bailey, Patsy. Monitoring Emergency Obstetric Care. Switzerland: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-publication data , Vol (4) 13-15, 2009. Marlene, Goldman. Women and Health . London: Academic press, 2000. Print. Smith, Stephanie. Doubling lof Maternal Deaths in U.S. CNN Health. 2010. Web. Tinker, Anne. Making Motherhood Safe . London: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data, 1996. Print. World Health Organisation. Maternal Deaths Disproportionately High in Developing Countries . 2009. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Researching Nursing Perspectives Coursework Images of Professional Nursing in Health Education Nursing is a multi-faceted profession because it involves service delivery in various fields that are aimed at ensuring the health of a community is promoted. Health education is an important sector in the nursing practice because of the role nurses play in ensuring they promote healthy practices in society. First, nurses are community educators because they promote practices like proper dieting and physiological activities that help people to keep their bodies healthy (Ryan, Twibell, Brigham and Bennett 2000). Nurses educate and advise communities, patients and their families on how to balance their diets to ensure they do not consume unhealthy foods. Secondly, nurses are indispensable in promoting palliative care to patients and they do this by advising them and their family members on how to manage long-term diseases (Wood and Atkins 2006). Thirdly, they are at the forefront in ensuring that patients and their families understand the need for medical interventions in ensuring that they are healthy and can manage diseases easily. Nursing health education reduces the time and cost of managing patients and ensures nurses have less work. Nursing Leadership from Individual and Community Perspectives Nurses are leaders because they champion the fight against diseases and ensure people are healthy (Wood and Atkins 2006). The leadership roles of nurses as individuals are evident in how they manage different health situations and develop innovations that ensure diseases are managed properly. Nurses are indispensable in policy formulation to compel governments and relevant authorities to implement measures that will ensure health care services are offered appropriately (Ryan, Twibell, Brigham and Bennett 2000). In addition, they lead fights against diseases by conducting research, public awareness campaigns and community-based approaches that ensure the health of people is safeguarded. Health is not an individual’s concern because people are social beings and they share food, air, water, shelter and public facilities (Wood and Atkins 2006). Therefore, nurses focus on communal interventions in ensuring they lead the public in embracing healthy practices like vaccination and proper sanitation. Nursing Perspective to Members of the Multidisciplinary Health Care Team in Health Promotion Nurses are indispensable members of the nursing fraternity because they access whether patients are able to offer self-care or require the assistance of caregivers. Therefore, they determine whether a patient will be admitted into a hospital or discharged (Wood and Atkins 2006). This means that they are important in determining where patients will receive medical attention and allows other health practitioners to attend to patients at designated places. In addition, nurses are in regular contact with patients; therefore, they observe and make comments about their progress (Ryan, Twibell, Brigham and Bennett 2000). These reports are important in ensuring doctors offer quality services to patients. Lastly, nurses offer palliative care to patients and this is very important in ensuring the efforts of other health care practitioners achieve their objectives (Wood and Atkins 2006). Poor after-treatment care can worsen health complications and increase treatment period, introduce opportunistic infections or cause death. Caring-Based Nursing Practice Nursing is a unique profession because the roles of nurses do not just end at health care facilities. Nurses must make follow-ups on their patients and ensure they follow doctors’ prescriptions. In addition, they make regular visits to home-based patients to ensure they make positive progress (Wood and Atkins 2006). This means that nursing is more than just providing health care services to patients because it involves other interventions like counseling and research that ensure patients recover within the shortest time possible. Nursing Situations and Discovery of Knowledge Nurses are important in transforming nursing because of the following reasons. First, they are in close contact with patients and this means that their reports are important in developing interventions that ensure they offer quality services (Wood and Atkins 2006). Secondly, they are involved in nursing research to ensure new knowledge is generated to improve this profession. In addition, they conduct regular assessments on the effectiveness of medical strategies in managing diseases (Ryan, Twibell, Brigham and Bennett 2000). This helps this practice to adopt practices that are effective in promoting good health. Lastly, they are indispensable in recommending changes in medical interventions to ensure effective measures are adopted in preventing diseases and promoting quality palliative care services. References Ryan, M., Twibell, T., Brigham, C. and Bennett, P. (2000). Learning to care for clients in their world, not mine. Journal of Nursing Education, 39 (9), 401-408. Wood, M. J. and Atkins, M. (2006). Immersion in another culture: one strategy for increasing cultural competency. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 13 (1), 50-54. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
A Reaction Paper on Dying to Be Thin Film Essay The term beauty has diverse definitions depending on an individual’s viewpoint. Female members of society find the art of social beauty useful in establishing a family. The film Dying to be Thin presents a relevant scenario in which female ballerinas take extreme health precautions to maintain a fit body shape (McPhee, 2004). Professional healthcare experts, however, reveal underlying medical conditions the athletes face. The medical team was working alongside the ballerinas to maintain fitness, then identified anorexia and bulimia nervosa as common eating disorders affecting the athletes. Anorexia nervosa is a health condition associated with eating patterns to assure a certain body weight. This film is objective in highlighting both mental and physical efforts for maintaining the fitness of the body. Bulimia nervosa is also highlighted in the film as a common disorder among the majority of people (McPhee, 2004). This condition is attributed to unregulated eating patterns among individuals with normal body weight according to medical standards. Most importantly, normal health is enhanced by eating practices which value nutrition in food diets instead of quantity. I find the documentary informative in explaining the extreme conditions associated with eating disorders. Many people in modern societies have adopted an interesting pattern of eating aimed at maintaining a certain body weight. However, these individuals expose their health to serious medical conditions, as identified in the film. It is important to note starvation is a common social practice attributed to poor eating behaviors. Depriving oneself of a healthy diet can result in both short and long-term illnesses (McPhee, 2004). As a result, maintaining a given body weight should be guided by nutritional experts for accurate positive outcomes. Moreover, the film has been objective in highlighting the influence of popular personalities in determining social behavior (McPhee, 2004). Social media, for instance, celebrities influence their followers to improve sales using strategic communication practices aimed at determining consumer preferences. The documentary notes that positive social impact is critical in enhancing awareness of eating disorders (McPhee, 2004). Vital medical concepts can be relayed to promote healthy eating patterns, through social media platforms, for avoiding chronic weight illnesses. Eating disorders form a part of prolonged illnesses attributed to unhealthy practices of consuming food. Objectively, the course has been useful in highlighting the essence of health among individuals. For instance, scheduling an outdoor physical activity as a morning routine is significant in maintaining health. Regular medical checkups for diagnosing illnesses are also a critical practice for guaranteeing the normal biological functioning of a human body. Besides, the course has facilitated an adequate understanding of physical fitness in relation to mental health. The film noted that the ballerinas experienced instances of solitude and sadness when they violated standard bodyweight regulations for the sport (McPhee, 2004). It indicates that eating disorders can result in related health complications if allowed to develop without early medical intervention. In conclusion, lessons obtained from the film reflect class objectives regarding an informed description of healthy eating. Medical experts advise the clients to engage in cautious food consumption in diets containing a high nutritional value for maintaining normal body weight. The film has been objective in explaining eating disorders associated with negative professional influence evidenced by the ballerinas. However, the film raises several questions on the relevance and applicability of eating disorders. For instance, how can eating disorders arise from poor short-term food consumption behavior? Similarly, when should individuals with poor food consumption attributes be medically diagnosed with an eating disorder? Lastly, what signs and symptoms identify related medical conditions of chronic eating disorders? Reference McPhee, L. (Director). (2004). Dying to Be Thin. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Exceptions to the predicted skin-color pattern 3. Skin color and the migratory patterns of human populations 4. Convincing explanation for the hairlessness of humans 5. Reasons for thicker and longer hair in some areas 6. Functions of skin 7. Variety of skin color across the globe 8. How touching premature babies can raise their survivorship Introduction Having dark skin (more melanin) improves the probability of not suffering from skin cancer ailments such as basal cancer. However, dark skin is very reactive to stimuli and may easily attract pimple, inflammation, and rash among others. The occurence of post inflammatory hyper pigmentation is more common in skin with more melanin than light skin. Light skin improves the chances of not suffering from skins bumps such as the acne keloidalis nuchae condition. However, light skin exposes the body to more ultraviolet rays that is known to cause skin ailments. Exceptions to the predicted skin-color pattern Polygenic inheritance is associated with unpredictable skin color. Thus, modification of the polygenic elements will eventually lead to an unpredictable skin color. Besides, migration from different regions has an impact on the skin color and various skin diseases. Skin color and the migratory patterns of human populations The dark skin color is predominant in the southern hemisphere of the globe while the light skin color is common in the northern hemisphere. The variation in skin color in these regions is related to the position of sunlight in each location. Dark skin is common in the southern hemisphere where the sun is hot and ultra violet radiation very intense. Convincing explanation for the hairlessness of humans The cooling theory is the most convincing explanation as to why human beings are hairless. According to this theory, the loss of hair was necessary to survive the hash and hot savannah climate. The loss of hair protected man from exposure to excess sun rays. Thus, hairlessness feature ensured that mankind was in a position to lose and radiate heat through convective cooling. Reasons for thicker and longer hair in some areas Mankind retained thicker and longer hair on some parts of the body such as the head, armpits, and pubic area to protect sensitive body organs against harsh weather. Besides, retention of thicker and longer hair defined sexuality and its ornamentation. In addition, longer and thicker hair in these parts would hide what mankind considered private, especially the sexual organ. Functions of skin The skin has a composite layer that offers protection against damage and pathogen from the external environment. It has active sensation nerve endings that facilitate involuntary reaction against slightest change in temperature, touch and bruises among others. The skin acts as a heat regulator through conduction, convection and radiation. It protects the body from dehydration through its thick and semi-impermeable barrier besides being a storage organ for water and lipids. In addition, the skin facilitates excretion of urea from the body through the sweat glands under the epidermis. Variety of skin color across the globe Jablonski offers explanation on the differences in skin color across the globe as contributed by location of mankind and weather (heat). For instance, people living in the northern hemisphere have light skin because of the low level of ultraviolet rays. However, people living in the southern hemisphere have dark skin since the level of ultraviolet rays is very concentrated per square area. How touching premature babies can raise their survivorship Touching a premature baby through stroking and gentle massage stimulates the sensitive skin to promote physical and psychological development. Through a regular and gentle touch, a premature baby is able to grow faster and gain weight within a short time since its body temperature is enhanced through the body contact. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Originality Through Graphic Design Essay In visual culture generally, and in graphic design in particular, idea of originality was intertwined with the vision of a definitive and irrevocable deviation from overly abridged past. The nihilist views on existence and the need to reevaluate and reconceptualize has become an indispensable part of visual culture, theoretically as well as practically. With regard to graphic design, the originality and independence of it is questionable (Donnelly 147). The following paper is aimed primarily at exploring the issue of graphic design in terms of originality, reproduction, and aesthetic value that can be attributed to it. Whether graphic design can exist on its own or is a perpetual reflection on any given event is largely the matter of graphic design philosophy. To understand graphic design, one needs to accept it as an art form, and the mimetic nature of it, at that. In addition, one needs to fully understand that art is produced with some purpose. The imagery that visual art – and graphic design – creates is powerful, blatant, and scandalous at times, which is mainly determined by the purpose of it and because it is at all possible to visualize freely. Under such circumstances, graphic design can smother the viewer in venom, as it does in the case of propaganda (Heller n.pag.). The venom can be partially explained by the fact that artists seldom work in peaceful conditions, either external and objective or strictly internal, especially graphic artists. The works are either created in some historical or cultural settings or are the result of the artists’ inner concerns that might take catastrophic proportions (Smiers 238). This just about summarizes the reasons art can be regarded as one provided that it has a purpose. The purpose of art is to mime in a sense that Aristotle subsumed, just as the purpose of the artistic media is to reflect to the movements of socio-political surroundings. The issue of reconceptualization and reintroduction of designs as contribution to the originality is densely intertwined with pop culture. Indeed, no art can be considered as massive as pop art. To estimate the nature and status of pop art in relation to originality, it is needed to define whether the value of art and imagery is decreased in an inverse proportionality with its popularity. One of the important points of consideration here is that art in mass reproduction – for example, in advertising – is well-nigh entirely symbolic (Gill 93). Simplified and laconic, symbols are persistent, and it might seem that the inspiration that they cause is far from artistic. On the other hand, in what concerns advertising as a form of mass reproduction of imagery, symbols are entities powerful enough to inspire those who do not excel in their artistic dispositions despite the fact that the viewers have many chances to see such images. Another feature of mass reproduction is the influence that symbolic art has over collective subconscious. Whether propaganda is concerned or the consumers’ decisions over this or that particular brand, pop art proves extremely powerful. As a consequence, the ease with which pop art manipulates social inclinations make it a valuable asset of the appraisal of consumerism in its glory and the tool of relentless critique. Finally, the value that graphic art has, can be contemplated anew as many times as graphic design reintroduces itself either deploying new techniques or reviving the old ones. The concept of originality in art is that of undoubtable value; on the other hand, the boundaries between what can and cannot be regarded as original are ever so vague. First, there is the question of value of a replica as opposed to the original work. Because there is a plethora of reproductions and quite a few original works, the value of graphic art as a single entity can be questioned, by some. The modernist concept of intertextuality can be perfectly applicable in advertising but not quite in genuine art. An original work can be regarded as a piece of art simply because it is a logical outcome of the process of creation. At that, a reproduction appears no more than a reference to the genius (Janowski 148). Indeed, although digital tech is expanding the framework of graphics, originality can still be limited as to the ways and means it can actually be produced. However, from the aesthetical point of view, the aura of graphic art still bears the sensation and stance of the original work – for instance, the magnificence of a sculpture can still be felt when viewing a photo of it (Sontag n.pag.). The original and the reproduction overlap, which can be observed in graphic design as well, which is what makes graphic design valuable in a sense. Thus, the concept of originality appears to be important in what concerns graphic design as a subarea of art. The originality of art is in the ways it mirrors reality, and graphic design is perfect for these purposes. In advertising and propagating, it is a means of unarguable influence, and the value of it is hard to overestimate. Works Cited Donnelly, Brian. The Inversion of Originality through Design . n.d. Web. Gill, Leslie Ernest. Advertising and Psychology . Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2013. Print. Heller, Steven. Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design . New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 2014. Print. Janowski, James. “The Moral Case for Restoring Artworks.” Ethics and the Visual Arts . Ed. Elaine A. King and Gail Levin. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 2013. 143-154. Smiers, Joost. Arts Under Pressure: Protecting Cultural Diversity in the Age of Globalisation . London, UK: Zed Books, 2003. Print. Sontag, Susan. On Photography . London, UK: Macmillan, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Effects of the War in “Slaughterhouse 5” by Kurt Vonnegut Essay Kurt Vonnegut’s novel “Slaughterhouse 5” is one of the novels that are written as an anti war book. An anti-war book either speaks against war or is written in a way that the deadly consequences of war are brought out clearly. This particular book was written during the Second World War. It features one very important character by the name Billy whose pilgrim’s tales are narrated. The book reveals its anti-war nature through the themes that are presented in the book. It is a book that contains very ugly scenes and hardships that are experienced by Bill (Harold, 2007). Through reading the novel, the reader gets to feel the effects of the war. A very good example of such a theme is the consequences of war. Billy’s unfortunate experience during his abduction by the aliens is compared to the experience an individual soldier would have in the event of war. The writer was motivated by the events that took place during the Second World War. In his language of writing, he uses some very deeply sentimental statements that speak against war (Thomas, 2002). Also the experience that Billy – one of the characters – went through shows how detrimental the war can be to the lives of people. It compares to the real life experience that a man by the name Vonnegut who was involved in the Second World War went through. This happened at the time when he was working in a place called Dresden where there was a bomb explosion. This bombing event greatly affected him for rest of his life. The event also claimed a total of more than 135,000 lives which can also be compared to the incident that occurred in Hiroshima. In this particular book, the character Billy also had an experience of the war the same way that Vonnegut did. Some of the experiences of Bill and Vonnegut that resemble each other include the bombing and the issue of being a prisoner of war (POW). However, in the novel the experience of Billy is more of a lesson that tries to teach readers against war through the manner in which Billy is seen to perceive war (Thomas, 2002). This influences the reader to also take war as a very absurd event to get involved in. Apart from the writer showing the experiences of Billy during the war, he also shows the effects he had to suffer after the war. The fact that Billy is shown to help people correct their sights shows how destructive a war can be. In addition to the war events and effects, the use of fiction by the writer is another way in which the book is revealed as anti-war. Some of these include life with the aliens. Also the use of tralfamadorians by the writer shows his strong feelings against war. It is used to demonstrate how Billy used it to escape the effects of the war on earth. Another way in which this book is shown to be anti-war is through its structure and style. A good example is the use of black humor; very dark comedy. These are used to amuse or make the audience to laugh when they are not supposed to or to minimize the stress of the disturbing effects of war (Harold, 2007). A good example is when Billy attempts to write about his experience with tralfamadorians. It is also illustrated in the ironical experiences in the book for instance where a soldier survives the war but still dies later from dry heaves as he buried the bodies. The novel “Slaughterhouse 5” is anti-war in so many ways. The adverse effects of the Second World War such as the loss of lives of people and the effects on survivors all demonstrate that the book is opposed to any war. Reference List 1. Harold, B. (2007). Kurt Vonnegut’s slaughterhouse-five. London: Chelsea House. 2. Thomas, F. (2002). Kurt Vonnegut: a critical companion. New York, NY: Greenwood Publishing Group. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Such painful conditions are usually associated with the oppression of the patient’s central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in arbitrary and uncontrolled muscle contraction, tremor and twitching of the limbs, as is typical of Parkinson’s disease. It is worth saying that this neurodegenerative disease starts from the cortex, where under the influence of external environmental factors, genetic heredity, or aging processes, slow degradation of dopamine-producing neurons is noticeable (Melinosky, 2019). The result of such destructive processes is a general decrease in neurotransmitter concentration, which is expressed in the extrapyramidal system disorder. This effect leads to increased alpha and gamma activity of motor neurons, which causes the development of rigidity of muscle fibers and their regular contraction. The everyday life of a Parkinson’s patient is slowly and consistently changed for the worse. In particular, the patient’s necessary daily actions are complicated by lack of muscle control, weakness, slow motion, tremor, and even inhibition of speech function (“Parkinson’s disease,” 2020). In addition, degenerative changes become visible in the patient’s postures, gait, and facial expressions. At the same time, there is an oppression of the cognitive center: thus, cognitive disorders are expressed through a general decline in intellectual capacity, narrowing of the spectrum of interests, development of paranoia, and depressive moods (Melinosky, 2019). However, according to Spears (2017), in the early stages of the disease, a person continues to perform daily activities without hindrance. It is worth admitting that the evolution of Parkinson’s disease is not unified because experts in medicine determine a different number of consecutive stages. Thus, according to Robinson (2019), the disease progresses through three stages: mild, moderate, and advanced. If, during the mild phase of Parkinson’s disease, the patient suppresses most of the symptoms with medication, then, in the last one, drugs do not work anymore, and the patient’s life is limited to being in bed. However, Downward (2017) offers a more extended chronology of the disease through five stages, three of which are characterized by complete patient independence. In the last two stages, the patient continually falls and stumbles, so walkers or a wheelchair are traditionally used. Most patients with a diagnosed condition have almost no chance of full recovery. It is difficult to discuss the prognosis of the disease because it is strictly individual for each patient: while after five years, some patients cannot walk on their own, others can continue to lead active lives. In other words, although the symptoms are steadily progressing, the duration of each stage is individual. Moreover, over time, the patient acquires a disabled person’s status and loses the independence of action and the ability to act. Traditional treatment of the disease aims to restore the synthesis of dopamine molecules, preventing physical activity and social support for the patient. Drug therapy includes taking medications such as levodopa, amantadine, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors: both combined and specialized treatment is possible. However, even if the medication is adequately selected by a medical officer, this does not guarantee that cells will stop dying. As side effects, most medications have the potential to cause mild and severe health problems (Watson & Han, 2018). Mild forms include nausea, loss of appetite, reduced blood pressure, and hallucinations. More severe forms include stomach ulcers, orthostatic hypotension, mental disorders of various types, erythromelalgia, and fibrosis. References Downward, E. (2017). What are the stages of Parkinson’s disease ? Parkinson’s Disease. Web. Melinosky, C. (2019). Parkinson’s disease and mental health . WebMD. Web. Melinosky, C. (2019). What causes Parkinson’s disease ? WebMD. Web. Parkinson’s disease . (2020). Mayo Clinic. Web. Robinson, J. (2019). How Parkinson’s disease progresses . WebMD. Web. Spears, C. (2017). Cognitive changes . Parkinson’s Foundation. Web.. Watson, S. & Han, S. (2018). 7 ways to cope with the side effects of Parkinson’s drugs . healthline. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Avionics and the Future of Aircraft Systems Essay Avionics are the set of electronic types of equipment and systems designed to use in aviation. The first such device to be used on aircraft was the communication and navigation systems based on analog and old gauge systems (Federal Aviation Administration, 2012). The aviation industry has advanced, requiring more efficient and intelligent functionalities that initiated the need for high-grade avionic plans. The current aviation systems comprise modern-tech avionics fitted with integrated modular systems that are reliable and productive. Different techniques have been developed that are focused on advancing the future of aircraft systems. This paper will form a framework to compare Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), Global Positioning System (GPS), and how the FAA’s NextGen System-Wide Information shapes aircraft systems’ future. ADS-B GPS FAA’s NextGen This is a more accurate system than the current radar that broadcast aircraft information like speed, location, and route to air controllers using satellite radio signals and ground stations. This refers to a radio navigation system based on space for monitoring and controlling aircraft using a constellation of satellites broadcasting the navigation signals (Yang et al., 2020). It is a series of interlinked technologies and policies designed to modernize and make the airspace system more efficient. Ensures surveillance and informs the situation of traffic in both pilots and the ATC in real-time. GPS sends information such as speed, bearing, and altitude to the ATC at a given interval. The camera system is initiated and developed to replace the conventional wing mirrors to improve aerodynamics It requires no operator invention and broadcasts real-time data display of air traffic to pilots and ground controllers. GPS is maintained and operated by the Department of Defense and requires a network of ground stations with satellite control stations. Provided air traffic managers and pilots with tools to proactively identify and resolve hazards such as bad weather. ADS-B is efficiently used in ground stations where obstructions and physical limitations do not allow radar because they use the Wide Area Multiliterate (WAM) for coverage (Baek et al., 2014). It is helpful in data-sparse areas such as the oceans due to the ability to allow separation between aircraft, allowing them to fly more favorably. System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) can share identical data to pilots, ground controllers, dispatchers, and other NAS users, advancing the onboarding experience (Sharma, 2018). ADS-B provides location, speed, attitude, and other parameters to ground stations, ATC, and other aircraft tracking applications. GPS provides speed, bearing, and locations to its control segments of the ground receiving stations and then is shared by transmitters to other satellites. It incorporates both advancements in ADS-B and GPS for a more secure, efficient, and resilient aircraft system that is more accurate with real-time data sharing. In conclusion, new technologies and procedures have increased the national airspace system’s safety, efficiency, capacity, access, and resilience. With the FAA’s NextGen implementation, the future of aircraft systems is promised because it will transform all aviation segments. There is efficient communication of accurate data between different aircraft operators, high-security surveillance, and improved onboard technology. The ADS-B system shapes the industry by offering IFR separations where radars cannot reach and providing real-time weather and airspace display information to controllers ensuring safety and efficiency. In addition, it helps pilots to avoid Collison with other aircraft due to the accurate information shared simultaneously between different airspace users. GPS has a precise solution to transmitting information in regular intervals that are automated in planes. This shows the vital role technology in avionics systems is playing in modernizing the future of aviation. References Baek, J., Byon, Y., Hableel, E., & Al-Qutayri, M. (2015). Making air traffic surveillance more reliable: A new authentication framework for automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) based on online/offline identity-based signature. Security and Communication Networks, 8(5), 740-750. Web. Federal Aviation Administration. (2012). Advanced avionics handbook; FAA-H-8083-6 . Ringgold, Inc. Sharma, N. (2018). An intelligent avionics system onboard an aircraft enhances communication. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering , 376(1), 12062. Web. Yang, H., Sun, Y., Li, L., Guo, Y., Su, S., & Huangfu, Q. (2020). Safety analysis of integrated modular avionics system based on FTGPN method. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering , 2020, 1-12. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Interview with a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Reflective Essay The female licensed mental health counselor had over 10 years experience assessing the psychological, social, cultural and financial needs that impact recovering drug and alcohol addicts in an addiction program run by an international agency. Previously, the interviewee worked in a health facility that provided mental and psychosocial services to the elderly population. From the interview with the licensed mental health counselor, it was clear that that the participant subscribes to a theoretical orientation known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which essentially attends to dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and other impaired cognitive processes exhibited by the population of recovering clients in the program using a multiplicity of goal-oriented, precise and methodical approaches. The favorite part of the job, as proposed by the interviewee, entailed experiencing former drug addicts and alcoholics being reintegrated back into the society after undergoing a three-month program, which assisted them to select and internalize specific strategies that they could always use to deal with their problems. The least favorite part of the job came in dealing with uncontrollable and potentially dangerous clients, who most often are in the last phase of addiction. According to her, this part is discouraging as it is increasingly difficult to make these clients follow the recommended treatment procedures, resulting in use of force in some cases. The interviewee acknowledged that burnout is a normal part of practice and anybody planning to become a licensed mental health counselor should be prepared to face burnout and deal with it in a manner that is less likely to affect his or her health and wellbeing. The interviewee said that she had experienced burnout when listening to intensely heart-wrenching life experiences of drug and alcohol addicts, and when sharing in the grief, loss, and sadness of family members of addicted clients. Additionally, the interviewee suggested that it is important to develop internalized indicators that one could use to recognize burnout and fatigue early on before they became health and professional challenges. The interviewee coped with the burnout by engaging in things that bring joy and relieve stress (e.g., leisure activities), exploring new hobbies, avoiding taking on extra clients, taking time each day to relax, reading non-professional literature for fun, and receiving counseling in difficult situations. The interviewee took time to describe her transition from a student at the university to professional counseling in a program specifically providing mental, psychological and healthcare services for the elderly. She was surprised by the variances between her expectations as a student and the realities on the ground. According to her, it is difficult to apply most of the theories learned from school in real-life contexts, hence the need for transitioning students to develop a flexible and innovative predisposition to deal with issues beyond the boundaries of the educational institution. Consequently, the advice she provided to new counselors is to maintain an open mind and flexibility and also come up with new approaches to ensure they stay informed on current evidence-based practices in the field of counseling psychology. Overall, this particular interview provided useful insights not only on how to deal with burnout and fatigue in practice settings but also on what attributes to consider and internalize in transitioning from student life to professional counseling. The coping strategies advocated by the interviewee are critical in ensuring that my practice as a licensed mental health counselor will be largely successful in terms of dealing with mental and health challenges related to burnout and fatigue. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sociological Perspectives on Religion Essay Defining religion is difficult since it not only encompasses on the belief in an infinite supernatural entity but also includes those with no belief systems such as theists. The ideology came with civilization when human felt a need to worship thus establishing various religions such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhist, Judaism and Chinese traditionalism. However, Religion can be explained as an institution that comprises obedient humans with a high regard to a supernatural being who has divine powers and is believed to dictate the human destiny. The supernatural powerful being is regarded as the reason behind occurrences of certain phenomenon in the universe and therefore has to be worshipped and appeased to award favors. It defines the reason behind human existence, his origin, his value and his fate which portrays man as dependent and unable to defend himself thus, a slave of the Supreme Being. Its essence revolves around an individual’s sense of divinity and such individuals come together to practice their beliefs in the society and contributes to their culture. Religion touches on various aspects of human experiences with God’s divinity through faith, sacrifices and worship (Haught 24). In religion, human beings are considered inferior under the Supreme Being and are guided by certain laws which help to recognize what is sacred and what is profane. Feelings are hard to separate from religion since human adores the sacred entity and failure to abide to the laws is followed by a sense of guilt. The significance of religion is controversial although many agree that it is essential in offering moral guidance to humans to positively live. For instance, it warns of taking another person’s life or stealing other’s properties. These are some of the aspects that the legal systems duplicate and implement them in the society to guide man to live harmoniously with one another. In addition, during sorrow e.g. death, religion comforts its followers with some like Christians believing of the promise of resurrection. However, religion is implicated with various historical wars and deaths. It is important in basing legal systems in the society. It forcefully tangles itself with the political and economic systems in shaping the society (Haught 187). Some take advantage of it to enrich them financially and dictate other’s life to serve their personal interests. For instance, some of the churches established are meant to extract money from people’s pockets even to the extent of advertising themselves and enticing people to join them. This portrays greed and corruption instead of upholding moral values to alleviate humanity. Religion affects people of all race and age globally and acts as a universal language for those with common believes. The social relevance of religion depends on the number of people that embrace it. If it is supported by the majority, its significance is reflected in the political systems and in the cultural values of the society. Critically, societies that strongly uphold religion are submerged in poverty which reflects its social impact since it controls the political and economic systems of that particular society. The scenario reflects what Karl Marx pointed as “Religion is the opium of the masses” (Clark 257). Therefore, it could be used as a haven to exploit and oppress the members of the society. Poor members of the society cling to religion and the political systems may tend to support it so as to acquire social control. Elsewhere, religion may overwhelm the political systems to dominate other religions resulting to religious conflicts and civil wars Works Cited Clark Kelly. Reading in the Philosophy of Religion . New York. Broadview Press. 2000. Print. Haught, John. What is Religion? : An Introduction . New Jersey: Paulist Press. 1990. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Public Accounting in the Age of It Coursework The traditional AIS was designed on the paper-based accounting information with the goal of the improved processing of paper-based accounting data. Online financial reports serve to translate the written financial content into the electronic form, satisfying the stakeholders’ demand for saving space and time. The introduction of cloud computing brought significant changes in a way the financial information is gathered, processed, and communicated. It is defined as “a network-based, configurable sharing computing resource and also a convenient model for access per demand,” offering the advantages of low-cost and strong sharing capability (Wang & Zhou, 2017, p. 534). The financial specialists using cloud computing are not tied to the location and have the freedom to use the dynamic cloud data resource pool to communicate and share information with clients, which makes the accounting process more cost-effective and time-saving compared to the traditional accounting. The demand for employees with skills in both accounting and IT is relatively high, and there is a vast amount of career opportunities to choose from. The profession of systems consultant, for instance, involves the design of new systems, selection of computer software, and optimization of business processes. (Simkin, Worell, & Savage, 2017). AIS students skilled in both accounting and IT become effective systems consultants since they understand how data functions in accounting systems. Another option for AIS students with accounting and IT background is the profession of an information technology (IT) auditor, which involves the analysis of the risks associated with computer-based information systems. I agree with the following statement, “When we computerize an AIS, we merely change how the data is processed; we do not change what tasks are performed,” because it underlines the idea that an AIS doesn’t change the accounting tasks, but instead, modifies the accounting cycle. The tasks that accountants used to do manually, such as making journal entries and preparing balance sheets, are now performed with the help of an AIS, which saves time and effort while increasing the accuracy of the work. Therefore, the way accountants process data has seen the positive change and improvement, but the tasks remain unchanged in the Age of IT. All in all, the accounting profession is constantly changing and requires its specialists to adapt to the changes by acquiring, for example, the skills in IT. References Simkin, M.G., Worell, JL, & Savage, A.A. (2017). Accounting information systems (14th ed.) . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Wang, S. & Zhou, A. (Eds.). (2017). Collaborate computing: Networking, application, and worksharing: 12 th International Conference, CollaborateCom 2016, Beijing, China, November 10-11, 2016, proceedings . New York, NY: Springer. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is a state or condition marked by feeling of agitation or anxiety. It can also be described as a feeling of disquiet. Fear is an abstract concept and may have different meanings. Holder (2007) adds that fear is more pervasive when there is lack of faith that we have greater significance in the universe than what we own or how others perceive us. Fear is manifested in many ways in human beings. It may manifest as showing signs of withdrawing or by cowering. But the most profound manifestation of fear is anger and hatred. People acts out their insecurity as anger which shows that they are the most fearful people. Effects of fear Effects of fear have been documented in many studies. Fear has been documented to case mind paralyses, heart attacks and closure of fallopian tube due to fear of pain during child birth (Jim Rohn, 2004), describes fear, indifference, indecision, doubt, worry and timidness as the five greatest enemies within us which can destroy our lives completely. Fear may manifest itself in physical short term effects or affect your whole life. It will affect both he physiology of the body and the brain. Fear generates stress which manifests itself physically in many signs physically and emotionally. It causes judgmental errors and affects our reasoning that most of time when we are in a fearful situation; we tend to take the wrong action. According to Sidney B., (1988), fear is a great paralyzer. It will keep you from making positive changes in your life and thus retard your recovery from depression. He continues to argue that fear persuades you to set easier goals and do less than your capability. It will also cause internal defense system fooling you that you have good reasons not to change. Fear of failure reduces the available alternatives you can pursue because you cannot stand by the outcome of what you do. You always feel that you cannot succeed in anything you try. It will keep you away from seeking help because you don’t want others to see you as a failure. Fear has been identified by psychologist as what causes people to give up when they are one step short to their goal. It will keep you stuck or make you develop unhealthy habits and behavior problems. Most of all fear keeps many people from taking risks. How to overcome fear Rim Rohn, (2004), argues that we are not born with courage, neither are we born with fear. He argues that some of our fears are brought on by our own experiences by what someone has told us or what we read in papers and books. Sri Swami Sivananda, (2007), describes fear as an illusion that cannot live. He suggests that to overcome fear we should always feel the presence of a Supreme Being watching us, by meditating and developing positive thoughts all the time. We should devote ourselves to eradicating fear. Since we have seen that fear is developed within our minds, it can also be eradicated within our mind and hence it is just a matter of reconditioning our minds that will help us overcome fear. It is also suggesting that we should share with others our fears. In this way they will help us find solutions to the cause of fears. President Roosevelt said, “We have nothing to fear but the fear itself” hence fearing fear starts and ends with us. References Holder P. (2007): FEAR… YOUR WORST ENEMY . Web. Rohn, J., (2004). Build courage to face the enemies within. Web. Sidney S., (1998). Getting Unstuck: Breaking through Your Barriers to Change . Web. Sri Sivanand, S. (2007). The Divine Life Society: How to overcome fear. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Obesity Cure in Children Essay Proposal of the Study Obesity Cure in Children Currently, obesity has been on the rise in the United States. This has lead to various problems for children. The children’s physical and social activities have been seriously affected. Health experts have focused their concerns on the matter and are working hard to come up with a possible cure. Several medications such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), sibutramine, and orlistat, have been introduced to help in treating obesity. Thesis Statement The purpose of the research will focus on examining the effectiveness of the medicines introduced, usage, and any associated side effect. Study Variable Various factors will be considered while carrying out the study. The children to be examined should come from diverse social and economic backgrounds. This will comprise of children from rich, middle, and poor families. The experiment will focus on kids of the age between 5-12 years. Their daily physical activities will also be monitored to help in the study. The gender composition of the kids will also be a significant consideration. Population of Study The population of the study will compose children between the ages of 5-12 years. A population of 200 boys and 200 girls will be selected from different social and economic backgrounds. All the population selected will be expected to compose of kids who are using a medication, or have previously used any of the three medicine listed to cure obesity. The Expected Direction of Effect The children will be expected to portray different responses to the medication. Some of the children will be expected to show some sign of healing while others will show no positive gain in terms of healing. Other kids will show a negative effect as a result of the medication. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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