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The Theory, Culture, and Society Website Essay Humanity is one of the most exciting aspects of people dictated by them and defined by their social and cultural norms. Culture is understood chiefly as traditional and conservative beliefs and practices of related people either by blood or location. This essay discusses the concepts of culture and society concerning the aspects highlighted on the Theory, Culture & Society website. The website is a resource that addresses issues of culture and people across the globe from the general public’s perspective. The existence of culture is based on the relationships between people. However, it is essential to note that the practices and beliefs that define a culture are passed down from one generation to another. Aspects of culture from a traditional perspective are the most documented, but little is documented and studied on culture from the digital age perspective. Technology is a significant force in the world and heavily dictates what happens in the present as it is used both as the primary and supporting component to humanity. With the rise of technology as an integral component to people, it is important to explore elements of culture and society and the changes brought to them by present-day technology. In an online seminar hosted by Theory, Culture & Society , the issue of digital archives was discussed concerning space, time and memory (“AI And Society: ‘Digital Archives: Space, Time and Memory’. Free Online Seminar. — Theory, Culture & Society | Global Public Life”). In a world where cultures are sprouting in almost all corners, there needs to be more space to record, organize and archive information on cultures. Physical space and resources are limited and present a significant issue on how cultures will be transferred in the future. This issue can swiftly be resolved by integrating technology and culture to provide a resource that will be both valuable and timeless. Work Cited “AI And Society: ‘Digital Archives: Space, Time and Memory’. Free Online Seminar. — Theory, Culture & Society | Global Public Life”. Theory, Culture & Society | Global Public Life , 2021. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Autonomy, Surrogate, and Paternalism Case Study Physicians usually encounter dilemmas in the course of their profession that requires effective resolution due to ethical, legal, and practical ramifications. The case study shows an 80-year-old man who has been suffering from congestive heart failure for five years. After undergoing a preliminary examination, the physician notes that he needs surgery to save his life. However, the patient states that he wants to die, yet there is no DNR, living will, or advanced directive. In this view, to determine the competence of the patient, as a physician, I would question the patient regarding the nature of expected interventions, prognosis, and why he needs to die. Entwistle, Carter, and McCaffery (2010) argue that clinicians should provide patients with enough information regarding the nature of the interventions and prognosis of their conditions so that they could make informed decisions about their health. In the case study, it appears that the patient is incompetent because he has not gained enough information for him to make an informed decision about his health. I would base my decision on the incompetence of the patient. Since the patient wants to die, his decision emanates from his incompetence because he does not understand the impact of surgery and the prognosis of his condition. Thus, I consider his wish to die as unreasonable and uninformed decision. Moreover, since the patient is old (80 years), I would consider him as incompetent because age and congestive heart failure have deteriorated his health condition for the last five years. Concerning surrogate decisions, I would not base my actions on the decision of the wife because it is irrational and unreasonable. The wife has no any medical reason why she is objecting surgery, except personal fears. In contrast, the opinion of the daughter has more weight than that of her mother because she wants to save the life of his father using available medical interventions. In this view, the daughter seems reasonable as she is acting in the best interest of the patient, which is in line with the principle of beneficence. Koppel and Sullivan (2011) assert that when a patient is incompetent, healthcare providers need to consider the decisions of the surrogates so long as they reasonably represent acts of beneficence. Hence, as a physician, I would consider the opinion of the daughter deeply and proceed to perform appropriate surgery to save the life of her father. To persuade the patient to proceed with the testing and treatment, I would inform him about the importance of the interventions in improving his health condition. Moreover, I would delve into prognosis so that the patient could understand the essence of testing and surgery as critical interventions that could save his life. In essence, I would ensure that my paternalistic actions comply with principles of beneficence and maleficence. If the patient were my patient, I would recommend him to undergo testing and surgery as medical interventions that are critical to improve his condition. Voluntariness and understanding are two elements that are essential for one to make an informed consent. Voluntariness requires one to give consent without undue persuasion, coercion, or manipulation, while understanding requires one to make informed consent after considering the pros and cons of the consent (Valapour, Kahn, Balley, & Matas, 2011). When dealing with incompetent patients such as children, the elderly, critically ill patients, and people with mental disorders, it is difficult to gain informed consent because they do not have the mental capacity to act voluntarily and understand the details of consent. References Entwistle, V., Carter, S., & McCaffery, K. (2010). Supporting Patient Autonomy: The Importance of Clinician-Patient Relationships. Journal General Internal Medicine, 25 (7), 741-745. Koppel, A., & Sullivan, S. (2011). Legal Considerations in End-of-Life Decision-Making in Louisiana. The Ochsner Journal, 11 (4), 330-333. Valapour, M., Kahn, J., Balley, R., & Matas, A. (2011). Assessing Elements of Informed Consent among Donors. Clinical Transplant, 25 (2), 185-190. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Partridge-Raleigh Oilfield Explosion in 2006 Problem Solution Essay Sequence of events The fatal Partridge-Raleigh oilfield explosion occurred in June 2006. Partridge-Raleigh had hired contractors from an independent firm (Stringer’s Oilfield Services) to carry out maintenance on the tanks used by Partridge-Raleigh to store oil. Specifically, the contractors were required to install pipes from two oil storage tanks to another tank. During the installation process, welding sparks came into contact with the flammable vapor generated by open pipes eventually causing a fatal explosion. Out of the four workers deployed on the facility, three of them lost their lives while the other suffered serious injuries. Before this incidence, workers from Stringer’s Oilfield Services had managed to relocate two oil tanks from other sites to the new site. The only task left was to install connecting pipes on the facility, but the explosion messed up everything. In a summary, the explosion was caused by errors made by the welders due to their inability to observe safety precautions when dealing with dangerous and explosive components (The US Chemical Investigation Board, 2007). Preventative measures In order to prevent the occurrence of such incidences, I would have taken quite a number of preventive measures. Since the equipments are highly flammable, I would have used a gas detector to find out flammable vapour present in the tank other than using a lit torch. I would isolate the open pipes and remove the pipes that were connecting the new tank with the older tanks that contained flammable liquid (The US Chemical Investigation Board, 2007). Other measures of preventing such explosions include employment of qualified and well trained personnel to perform such tasks, observing extreme caution when working on containers with flammable liquids and also ensuring that every person involved understands the welding hazards. The storage drums should be grounded especially when there is need to transfer flammable liquids from one storage tank to another (Ferguson & Janicak, 2005). The subsequent investigations carried out by the government officials only relied on the findings from investigation agencies. In order to make a proper assessment of the accident, it is necessary to carry out thorough investigation in order to find out the real cause of the accident besides establishing why the accident happened. This will help in making appropriate changes to prevent the occurrence of such incidences in future. In my own opinion, it is evident that the two firms did not follow safety practices required when working with highly flammable liquids. The Stringers Oilfield Services did not undertake proper training of its workers. While working on the facility, workers did not use the right equipment to ensure the safety of the process. For example, besides using a scaffold to work on raised surfaces, the welder used an ordinary ladder. Partridge-Raleigh also failed to take any step to ensure that the hired firm had well trained workers capable of observing caution when operatting containers with flammable materials. According to the US Chemical Investigation Board (2007), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) did not carry out its duties effectively. Hence, OSHA failed to inspect Stringer’s Oilfield Services and Partridge-Raleigh for close to three years before the explosion occurred. Thus, I totally agree with the investigation methods used by the United States Chemical Safety Board. Proper hazard analysis would have averted the crisis since both firms would have prior knowledge on the likely practices that would endanger the whole process. This would help the two firms to come up with preventive measures before starting the maintenance process. References Ferguson, L. H., & Janicak, C. A. (2005). Fundamentals of fire protection for the safety professional . Lanham, Md: Government Institutes. The US Chemical Investigation Board (2007). Case study: hot work control and safe work practices at oil and gas production wells . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Maritime China as Transitional Periods Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Maritime China as Segment 3. Maritime China as Periphery 4. Maritime China as Terminus 5. The whole Maritime China and Ideal Maritime China 6. Conclusion Introduction Maritime China can be conceptualized in terms of the changes witnessed as the Chinese people went through socio-political processes explained in the following maritime Chinas: * Maritime China as segment * Maritime China as periphery * Maritime China as terminus * The whole Maritime China * An Ideal Maritime China Maritime China as Segment This maritime China had a linkage with a tributary system of a continental empire, which some historians show as a weakening structure. The tributary system was a series of a concentric circle with its center occupied by the land of the Son of Heaven followed by the Chinese feudal lords and princes. Next were the minority chieftains on the Chinese borders. Leaders and kingdoms that intended to have relationships with China occupied some distant lands near the proximity of the feudal lords. As the Chinese reached the whole length of the coast, they extended the tributary system across the oceans. This system saw maritime China as the segment of the impartial condition dedicated to naval defense, diplomatic relations, and merchant control. Maritime China can be perceived as a period of transition as the once passive official China for close to a millennium, experienced changes in which at least four maritime kingdoms controlled the empire. Maritime China as Periphery Maritime China as periphery involved all the people from the districts that wanted to trade with foreign merchants coming by sea. These were mainly the fishermen whose main economic activities depended entirely on the sea. The population of fisher folk had increased rigorously between tenth and thirteenth centuries during the Tang dynasty. They represented the venturous and human dimensions of maritime China. The Ming founder of the fourteenth century put restrictions for the people of the maritime periphery to carefully regulate the coastal regions to conform to higher and more vital concerns of the dynasty. The initiatives of the merchant networks in the fourteenth century increased economic activities along the coasts as more Chinese associated with the numerous Muslim groups, Indians, Japanese, and Southeast Asians. The arrival of Portuguese and Spanish in the fifteenth century threatened the Ming officials. Though resistant at first, some change was seen when the Ming officials allowed the Portuguese to use Macau as their base accessing Chinese ports by the Spanish living in Manila. The aspect of maritime as periphery demonstrates that China was undergoing some form of transition brought about by immigration from Portugal and Spain. Maritime China as Terminus This maritime China features foreign merchants coming to exploit the China market through trade. Maritime China is perceived as one end of the larger maritime Asia having a different structure from that of China. China did not play a pivotal role in the trade. It served as a terminus. Thus, the goals of the foreign traders were more emphasized than Maritime China. Nevertheless, brave and entrepreneurial Chinese groups traded with the foreigners. It is worth noting that key links with China and its trade were regulated and maintained from outside. Thus, China’s prosperity came from its external extensions with the rest of Asia. The whole Maritime China and Ideal Maritime China Some historians suggest two more maritime Chinas, the Whole, and the Ideal. The Whole maritime China encompasses the three maritime Chinas mentioned above. This holistic approach combines the changes that happened during maritime the segment, terminus, and periphery. Modern scholars have also argued that the discontinuities witnessed in maritime China might have led to unnoticed issues. Breaks included the Bangkok uprising, emergence of new Sojourner networks in the region, increased trade, silver fluctuations, British dominance, and the escalating opium consumption. However, a look at the three maritime Chinas, more linkages, and interconnectedness is observed that explain the transition observed. Conclusion Maritime China does not imply a maritime empire. It entails the transitional periods and events that shaped China during the tenth and nineteenth century. Chinese people embraced unanticipated changes. They first confronted immigrations from Portugal, Spain, Asia, India, Japan, and the British dominance with resistance. However, Maritime China later accepted and embraced modernity as evidenced by the increased inter-connectedness through trade relationships. This paper portrays Maritime China as a period of transition and change. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The same may be said about the system of values. After all, these are the things that mostly give shape to a person’s identity and mindset. Naturally, a worldview in itself is a thing that may somehow interfere when working with customers. Not all of the customers are ready to share others’ worldviews or values, nor will they necessarily accept or agree with them. Therefore, it may be reasonable to try to limit one’s worldview and values’ influence on their work to avoid possible misunderstandings or workflow distortions. If this is out of the way, working with customers may become much easier and efficient at the same time. This is why I will try to avoid conflicting with my clients about their worldviews and will not impose my values on them. Core Ethical Principles Although it seems that the core ethical principles are absolute and must be implemented without any doubt, “the interpretation of the core principles is generally indicated by use of the term “should” (“Ethics Framework,” 2015, para. 32). It is not always possible to follow these core principles. Sometimes, even the customer’s concerns may oppose these as a client may require something that goes beyond these principles. The primary concern must then be the focus on finding a way to follow the core ethical principles while also ensuring that a customer is provided with their needs. This is what makes it hard to assist clients and work with colleagues. Moreover, some of the co-workers may find it either easier or harder to disregard the core principles which may also become a significant challenge for establishing a successful working process. In both cases, the ability to find a compromise must be in focus. As for the one core principle that is the hardest to follow, I believe that for me that would be the principle of justice. The most important reason for this is that it is often impossible to treat everybody fairly. Moreover, regulations and laws often oppose the things one deserves. This is why the principle of justice may be challenging to adhere. References Ethics Framework . (2015). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Conventional and Virtual Organizations’ Differences Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Conventional organizations 3. Discussion section 4. Conclusion 5. Bibliography Introduction The main difference between conventional organization and virtual organization is based on their organizational arrangements and the nature of business itself. Conventional organizations represent well-established businesses with long history. Most of them use the Internet and online sites as a promotional tool only trying to reach wider target audience (Mowshowitz 2002). In contrast to conventional organizations, virtual businesses emerged with the development of the Internet and exist in virtual environment only. In new environment, conventional companies may have advantages that virtual ones lack. First, because their contact with customers will mostly be channeled through the telephone, or increasingly e-mail, they will be able to record and keep track of their customer’s preferences and needs much more effectively than a company that communicates through different media. Second, conventional companies will be able to offer added value services, for instance by personalizing products or services that they sell based on the information gathered and manipulated through different media. The examples of conventional companies are Ford Motor Company and Toyota. The conventional language of their strategy makes consumers think of new product features, but these analogies may not always be the most appropriate in a new and hostile economic environment in which there is as much to be gained from working together as from fighting against each other (Child, 2005). Conventional organizations Virtual companies like Amazon, provide electronic commerce solutions seeing it as an activity that is information based. The Amazon does not rely on shared office accommodation, or even on achieving traditional economies of scale, but on being able to split the skills and experience of the participants (Mowshowitz 2002). Amazon also seems likely that the single most important of these assets will be information on buyers. Knowing who Amazon’s customers are will allow virtual companies of this type to bypass traditional middle men and distribution channels; knowing what customers want — potentially on a personal basis — will enable virtual companies to develop new products and sell them effectively; knowing how they behave will allow consumers to link up to other organizations so that our joint offering is that much more persuasive (Merriman, 2007). Discussion section The other difference between two types of companies is that conventional companies have traditional office structure while virtual companies support only online communication. This method can be bad as well as good for consumers; although they have much more choice, they no longer have access to familiar benchmarks of whether the online sites are dealing with is reliable (an office, real employees and so on (Child 2005). Though, for the start-up it is an ideal situation: it takes just days to be able to encourage an image on a par with an organization that has existed for decades. For all modern organizations, both conventional and virtual, the costs of setting up a website are so low that there is nothing to stop an person having a larger, more impressive site than a large corporation (certainly, this is often the case, as the latter find it difficult to reconfigure their conventional method to marketing to the more interactive environment of the Internet (Mowshowitz 2002). Conclusion In sum, both traditional businesses and newly emerged like Amazon use online sates and the Internet to attract more consumers and expend their businesses. Modern economy means that companies in the future are more probably going to be looking for ways to combine their internet information with others than looking to maintain the conventional barriers between industries. Bibliography Child, J. 2005, Organization: contemporary principles and practice . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Merriman, K. K. 2007, Profiling Virtual Employees: The Impact of Managing Virtually. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 14 (1), 44. Mowshowitz, A. 2002, Virtual Organization: Toward a Theory of Societal Transformation Stimulated by Information Technology. Quorum Books. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Whiteboard App Marketing and Advertising Models Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Brief Summary of the Collaboration Project 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction While applying for a Writeboard program, I have created a collaboration project with my friend whose major is also business and economics. In particular, I have created a product description that will be launched to the market as well as strategies for the product presentation. The product description has been improved and edited by me and my friend as long as the corresponding material has been found for its promotion. My part of the work consisted of searching for theoretical models of marketing and advertising whereas my friend was responsible for defining the threats and challenges of the current market situation. While working on the collaboration project, I have realized that using Writeboard is much more effective than e-mailing or online conferencing because it is always possible to see any project updates and introduce certain amendments to the project any time I can do that. Also, the program presents the project online to find more effective approaches and share experiences with other people interested in these issues. Brief Summary of the Collaboration Project The main strengths of this program lie in free and easy access to a personal account and the possibility to notify a friend if a new idea has been introduced to the project (Chee and Franklin, 2010). Based on the principle of cloud computing, my friend can track any changes I have made via viewing two different versions of Writeboard and see the difference between those. Besides, it is also possible to see what corrections my friend and I have made to the project under consideration. Aside from the program functionality, the Writeboard is available completely for free, meaning that one should not pay for accessing the application. What is more important is that the Writeboard implies all necessary security measures, which is especially vital for cloud computing tools (Schneier, 2009, n. p.). Particularly, the created account and password will not be available to those users who do not have rights to enter a particular discussion and introduce any changes. The access is allowed only to those project members who are invited to the discussion. Despite the bulk of the advantages of using the Writeboard, there are several limitations as well. First, the program restricts access to other discussions if a person is not invited (Fornes, 2010). Second, because the main purpose of cloud computing application consists in sharing experience and expanding practical and theoretical knowledge on a particular issue, restricted access to other interesting projects hampers exploration. Finally, because the Writeboard is a relatively new cloud computing application, a few people can be engaged in this online communication. Conclusion Contrasting collaborative computer-based tools to telephone and face-to-face communication, many benefits and pitfalls of the Writeboard utilization have emerged. Particularly, the online program provides several advantages in terms of greater availability of resources. For instance, if I need to discuss a particular product description and implementation, I may not waste time arranging meetings and disputes; it will be enough to invite people to the discussion online for them to reply as soon as they see the invitation message. Such form of collaboration is quite convenient for viral marketing and product advertising (Babcock, 2010, n. p.). Additionally, it has also been recognized that the introduction of cloud computing technologies is much more beneficial for the deployment and advancement of all human activities, including marketing and business management (Amrhein and Quint, 2009). Finally, the online tool excels in WordO applications in greater security and functionality. Reference List Amrhein, D., and Quint, S. (2009) Cloud computing for the enterprise: Part 1: Capturing the cloud. IBM Corporation . Web. Babcock, C. (2010) Microsoft Pushes Platform As A Service In Cloud. InformationWeek. Web. Chee, B. and Franklin, C. (2010) Applications for Clouds. Chapter 4 in Cloud Computing: Technologies and Strategies of the Ubiquitous Data Center . CRC Press. Web. Fornes, D. (2010) The Software as a Service Dilemma. The Software Advice Blog. Web. Schneier, B. (2009) Cloud Computing. Schneier on Security . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Darkness in Robert Frost’s and Emily Dickinson’s Poems Essay The Image of Darkness in “Acquainted with the Night” by Robert Frost and “We Grow Accustomed to the Dark” by Emily Dickinson The poems “Acquainted with the Night” by Robert Frost and “We Grow Accustomed to the Dark” by Emily Dickinson depict the images of the night and darkness in different ways. The poem of Emily Dickinson is more dynamic as it shows the process of getting accustomed, which is reflected in the following phrases: “we grow accustomed”, “they learn to see”, “the Darkness alters” (56). The imagery of the poem that includes the road also presupposes some action or development. The darkness in the poem appears suddenly (“when light is put away”), and it is absolute, not illuminated by moon or stars (Dickinson 56). It enters the life of the characters and causes doubt and uncertainty. The uncertainty is reflected in the sentence structure itself, the sentences being disconnected, hesitant as the steps in the dark. The characters of the poem seek to change the situation, even though the author points out that bravery is needed for that. Their actions, however, can be harmful to themselves (“sometimes hit a Tree”) and do not appear to be necessary as it is the darkness that alters and adjusts (Dickinson 56). In the end, the characters do not fight the darkness; they appear to survive it. Still, the change brought by the darkness is inevitable, and the life of the characters becomes only “almost straight” (Dickinson 56). The imagery of the poem by Robert Frost is similarly depressing: it features rain, the “saddest city lane”, an interrupted cry, and all of these images are incorporated in that of the night (987). However, the night is not the source of uncertainty in this poem; in fact, the picture created by Frost is almost concrete and includes a city with people and particular objects (for example, the lights, the lane, the clock). The character is unwilling to talk, “unwilling to explain” what he knows about the night, but this phrase presupposes that he does possess some knowledge about it (Frost 987). The tense repeatedly used by the author shows that the character has been familiar with the night for a prolonged amount of time. The sentence structure (featuring long constructions) is suitable for painting a static picture: while some occurrences do happen (for example, the cry), they are something the character is used to and not even interested in. The concept of time itself appears to be somewhat frozen since the time is “neither wrong nor right” (Frost 987). Apart from that, in the poem by Frost, the darkness is not absolute, as it is interrupted by city lights and the “luminary clock” (987). These sources, however, appear to be unhelpful, as they do nothing to chase the night away. The last of the city lights is outwalked and, therefore, left behind, while the clock does not provide any valuable information. The two poems depict one phenomenon portraying it as something inevitable and disturbing. However, the stages of relationships with this phenomenon are different for the two works. The poem by Dickinson shows the process of getting acquainted with the night and describes the confusion that a person feels when thrust in the dark. The consequences that the dark brings appear only in the last line and are mostly hinted as the author emphasizes the psychological state of the person. The character of the poem by Frost, on the other hand, has already gotten accustomed to the night and its nightmares and depicts them as something usual and irrelevant. Works Cited Dickinson, Emily. “We Grow Accustomed To The Dark”. The Pocket Emily Dickinson. : Shambhala. Ed. Brenda Hillman. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala, 2009. 56. Print. Frost, Robert. “Acquainted With The Night”. Compact Literature . Ed. Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 2015. 987. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advanced Pharmacology and Pain Management Essay Pain management is one of the core tasks that a healthcare expert must address when tending to the needs of patients with severe impairments. However, for the demographic that has been suffering from chemical dependency, the introduction of pain management medications may imply the threat of a relapse (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Therefore, to ensure that patients are offered the relevant pain management techniques. Furthermore, additional patient factors such as allergies and lung conditions will have to be considered. In turn, in the scenario at hand, the use of general anesthesia appears to be reasonable, given the fact that it will prevent him from being subjected to another risk factor that may lead to relapse (Beaulieu, 2017). Nevertheless, given the low pharmacokinetics, additional options for sedating the patient to ensure that the procedure will be entirely painless should be considered. In turn, discussing the options with the patient appears to be ethically and medically sensible, given the vital information that the patient may provide. However, if the patient had a comorbid condition such as heart failure, the use of strong pain management medications would be required to avoid a cardiac arrest due to painful experiences (Misra et al., 2020). References Awan, R. A., Khanzada, M. F., Mumtaz, Z., & Qadir, F. (2020). Successful radio-frequency catheter ablation of two cases of supraventricular tachycardia via a left-sided inferior vena cava. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36 (6), 99-102. Web. Beaulieu, P. (2017). Anesthetic implications of recreational drug use . Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal Canadien D’anesthésie, 64 (12), 1236-1264. Web. Gouse, B. M., Spears, W. E., Archibald, A. N., & Montalvo, C. (2020). Catatonia in a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 and proposed immune-mediated mechanism . Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 89 , 529. Web. LLevot, J. R., Suarez, F. M., Gómez, A. M., Herrera, A. S., & Pérez, G. T. (2021). Hip fracture in elderly and COVID-19 infection. Report of 3 cases. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition), 68 (2), 99-102. Web. Misra, L., Fukami, N., Nikolic, K., & Trentman, T. L. (2017). Peroral endoscopic myotomy: Procedural complications and pain management for the perioperative clinician . Medical Devices (Auckland, NZ), 10 , 53-59. Web. Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Interpreting World Macroeconomic Conditions Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The Gross Domestic Product is responsible for production that takes place in a country. Inflation comes about due to an increase in demand. Inflation is also bound to occur if the supply increases. The rate of unemployment is said to increase when the labor market is faced by shifts (Baumol and Blinder, 2008). The Neo-Keynesian theory states that the real Gross Domestic Product should not grow too fast so that price inflation does occur. This is because companies are always in competition and hence to cut cost they employ very few employees leading to unemployment. Main body Production of wine is greatly enhanced by technology that is innovative and creativity of individuals. Wine production is successful across the globe because it has integrated the aspects of the economies. The production of wine is related more to the gross domestic product compared to the rates of interest. The import and export of wine is affected by the changes in exchange rate. The wine industry contributes greatly to the economies globally and thus raises the Gross Domestic Product. For example, in New Zealand, it is said to be one of the sectors that has been performing well. The wine industry employs very many people who are estimated to be 16,500 in New Zealand and hence helps to decrease the rate of unemployment. It generates very high revenue of 3.5 billion US dollars. The wine industry also participates in the wine tourism. In the year 2006 the wine industry had 224,000 wine tourists. The wine industry is said to benefit greatly from this tourists in New Zealand (Baumol and Blinder, 2008). Compared to the daily industry the growing of grapes is said to earn a high export value to the economies in various countries. The wine industry in South Africa ensures that the industry continues to grow and hence the growth in the economy. It said to offer 275,600 people an opportunity to work. In 2008, the wine industry recorded a 2.2% of the Gross Domestic Product. From the agricultural sector the wine is said to lead in the exports. The United States is said to be one of the countries that produces wines that are of quality. In 2006 the United States dollar was weakened and this greatly supported the wine industry in the US. The foreign competitors were affected and the wine exports in the United States did very well to upgrade the economy. Prices set on the wine determine the quality of that wine. In china the wine industry is still growing, however it has recorded a high consumption of wine. It is said to be concentrated when compared to the spirits and beer and it records very high profits. When the wine industry records a low growth this affects the demand of the consumers on goods. The low income has an effect of substitution to the consumers because their purchasing power is reduced since the budget is low and hence consumers cannot also be able to purchase the wine. This is particularly on wines that are of high quality compared to those of a lower quality. Research on the wine industry is still being enhanced in the whole globe. The wine producers now face the challenge of understanding what motivates the consumers to certain brands of wine. If price stability can be achieved on the economies then inflation fails to occur. The other industry is the fast food industry.The United States has the highest number of spending on the fast food restaurants in the whole world. People have greatly invested in the first food restaurants due to the high income that it fetches (Challen and Hagger, 2000).Majority of people both in developed and developing countries spend a large amount of their income in restaurants. This gives the fast food industry a very good chance of expansion. During times of recession people are said to eat most of the times in the restaurants because the foods that are traditional are very expensive at that time. This industry offers so many opportunities for people because many fast food restaurants continue to be opened. In the United States the fast food industry is said to contribute a total of $ 1.23 trillion to the economy (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009). Conclusion Inflation in the United Kingdom is said to affect the consumer spending in the country. The rise in prices of energy and oil has led to food becoming expensive. The eating out at fast food restaurants has posed danger to the health of many people especially in America. There have been reported cases of heart diseases which are related to the fast food industry. Cancer is also on the rise and obesity too. However in order to keep up with the preferences of the consumers the fast food restaurants have added healthier foods in the menus so that people cannot be discouraged from eating out. Fast foods are still not encouraged due to health reasons. Inflation leads to intervention of prices by the government. Policies need to be implemented to curb inflation so that the economy can be able to achieve full employment. References Baumol, W. & Blinder, A. (2008) Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy . London: Cengage Learning. Central Intelligence Agency (2009). The World Factbook 2008 . London Government Printing Office. Challen, D. & Hagger, A. (2000). Unemployment and inflation: an introduction to macroeconomics. Chicago: Longman Cheshire. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Small business owners need to be able to turn their ideas into practice. Hatten (2011) reveals that they need to identify needs that exist in potential markets and come up with plans on how they can satisfy them (pp. 75-77). Business owners need to find suitable locations suitable for the type of businesses they want to start. The location chosen should allow customers easy access to the business. A business owner should have targets on what he wants his business to achieve after a specific period of time. The business owner needs to identify ignored opportunities in a market and how they can be of benefit to his firm. It is important to have a plan on how and what needs to be achieved by the business. Small business need know how to make their presence felt within their target markets. They should have a clear understanding of customers’ needs and how they can fulfill them. This approach guides them on the marketing approaches they need to use to reach out to potential customers. Small businesses can rely on word of mouth from satisfied customers to build positive reputations in the market (Moore, 2008, p. 64). They do not need to spend a lot of funds in advertising campaigns which their businesses cannot sustain. Small business preference programs are offered to businesses seen to be disadvantaged in the market. These programs make small businesses to be given preferential treatment during public procurement procedures in public agencies. Vagstad (1995) argues that these programs are unfair because they go against the principle of free markets forces (pp. 284-286). These programs do not offer a level playing field for businesses offering the same type of goods and services in a market. All firms that seek business opportunities in public agencies need to be considered fairly during procurement processes. All procurement received bids need to be considered without bias for the process to be transparent. Public officials need to be accountable and offer equal opportunities to all businesses to bid for procurement services being sought. Preferential business treatment for small businesses is unethical and can be manipulated to suit the interests of a few. Public agencies that seek bids from business owners need to advertise in the media to ensure that all interested parties are able to access the information. The information provided needs to define the nature of the procurement, how to deliver the bid and the criteria used to evaluate the received bids. A transparent public procurement process makes taxpayers confident that public funds are well managed. Small business preference programs are unjust and open up possibilities for corrupt practices in public agencies (Hastard, Rothkopf & Fu, 2003, pp. 73-76). Officials of public agencies can use proxies to award themselves lucrative public contracts at inflated prices. The favored business owners may not have the expertise required to meet the specified conditions of a contract. In conclusion, small businesses need to understand the markets they operate in to devise strategies that can make them competitive. They should be aware of advantages, problems and opportunities that they are likely to encounter while operating. They should make all their operations fair and transparent to ensure that they build a positive image and reputation in the market. References Hastard, R., Rothkopf, M., & Fu, Y. (2003). Is subsidizing bidders actually costly? Management Science, 49 (1), 71-84. Hatten, T.S. (2011). Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond (5th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Moore, C.W. (2008). Managing small business (14th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Vagstad, S. (1995). Promoting fair competition in public procurement. Journal of Public Economics , 58 , 283-307. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
ZAPA Chemical Sold Company’s Distributions Essay Table of Contents 1. The summary of the case 2. Details to Consider 3. Events Prompting to Re-Evaluation 4. Works Cited The summary of the case The American company ZAPA Chemical sold one of its distributions in Germany, and they earned DM 7.6 millions. However, the management did not know when this money could be available for repatriation (Moffett and Barrett 111). The main task was to eliminate or at least minimize the losses that could be caused by exchange rate fluctuations. At that time, the German mark cost $ 1.4649, and it was a historical minimum for the dollar (Moffett and Barrett 111). Nevertheless, Stephanie Mayo, who was the currency analyst of ZAPA Chemical, believed that the value of dollar could decline even further. In turn, it was necessary for the company to mitigate currency fluctuations risks. Stephanie Mayo chose to acquire out-of-the-money put options. This hedging strategy enables a person to sell the option at a specified price, even though this price is higher than the market value of the asset (Ianieri 8; Madura 151). This approach was critical for minimizing the risks caused by the declining value of the U.S. dollar. Additionally, the revenues of the company could be affected by various economic trends and political decisions taken by the government. For instance, one can mention the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty that led to the greater integration of European economies (Moffett and Barrett 116). There was a short period during which the value of dollar fluctuated significantly. Moreover, it was not clear how the situation could evolve during the next two months. In turn, Stephanie Mayo had to select the most optimal hedging strategy. One should note that very soon ZAPA Chemical had to repatriate the assets from Germany. So, she had to decide if it was possible to sell the put options. Details to Consider Overall, Stephanie Mayo should consider several details in order to decide if it is possible to sell the put option protection. It should be mentioned that on September 18, the put option premium was 1.95 cent for the German mark (Moffett and Barrett 116). In turn, the strike price was $ 1, 5152 per DM (Moffett and Barrett 111). The price of protection paid by ZAPA Chemical can be calculated according to the formula: The premium per a unit of currency × the total amount of foreign currency = $ 0. 0140/ DM × DM 7.6 millions = $ 106 400. The total revenue derived by the company will be determined in this way: The total amount of foreign currency ÷ the strike price – protection outlay = DM 7.6 million ÷ $ 1. 5152 per DM – $ 106 400 = $ 4 909 439. In turn, one should consider the use of the forward contract that will be valid for 90 days. In this case, the company can acquire the capital for investment. Its amount is estimated in this way: (Put option premium on September 18 – Fixed put option premium) × DM 7.6 million = DM7.6 millions ×($0.0195- $0.014) = $41800. Provided that the company invests this capital for 90 days, it will receive $ 42146. Additionally, according to the contract, the exchange rate will be DM 1, 5255/$. This exchange will yield $ 4 981 973. The total return will be $ 5 024 119. So, by selling the put option, Stephanie Mayo will be able to generate additional revenues for the company. However, this forward contract implies that the owner is obliged to sell the assets at a certain price. In turn, the put option does not impose this obligation on the owner (Zweifel and Eisen 134). This problem can become very important if the value of the U.S. dollar will fluctuate significantly. This possibility should also be considered by the management of the company. Events Prompting to Re-Evaluation There were several events that prompted Stephanie Mayo to re-evaluate her views on the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the German mark. In particular, one should speak about the uncertainty caused by the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty. This agreement could lead to the creation of the single currency that could be used in various European countries (Fuchs 10; Roy 30). The very possibility of the new monetary policy could depreciate many European currencies. Therefore, the value of the German mark could decline relative to the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, it was possible that the German government could reduce the interest rates (Moffett and Barrett 116). This measure could also impact the exchange rate. Furthermore, it is important to mention that the value of dollar tended to fluctuate considerable. So, Stephanie Mayo could not determine how the situation could evolve until the maturation date when the assets had to be repatriated to the United States. Overall, she began to think that the use of put option might not be the best strategy for ZAPA Chemical. To a great extent, these examples suggest that currency analysts have to consider a wide range of factors in order to select the most optimal hedging strategy. Furthermore, they should be responsive to the changes in external environment. Works Cited Fuchs, Fabian. The Treaty of Maastricht – the Result of Rational State Preferences? , Munich: GRIN Verlag, 2010. Print. Ianieri, Ron. Option Theory and Trading: A Step-by-Step Guide To Control Risk and Generate Profits , New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Print. Madura, Jeff. International Financial Management , New York: Cengage Learning, 2014. Print. Moffett, Michael, and Edgar Barrett. Cases in International Finance , New York: Addison Wesley, 2001. Print. Roy, Joaquin. Euro and the Dollar in a Globalized Economy , New York: Ashgate Publishing, 2007. Print. Zweifel, Peter, and Roland Eisen. Insurance Economics , New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Definition of the Organizational Sustainability Expository Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Organizational Sustainability 3. Importance of Sustainability 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Organizations have a lot needs and goals that need to be achieved for it to maintain a competitive position and stay relevant to its goals and mission. Despite putting in place many good strategies, organizations sometimes face the challenge of staying relevant to their goals. In doing so, many organizations often turn to sustainability as a strategy of achieving their set goals and policies. Sustainability is the act of coming up with strategies that intend to meet the goals of the strategy and aim at making the organization flexible to the ever changing business world. This essay is going to explore how sustainability is going to be carried out through the position of Chief Sustainability Officer (CSO) offered to an individual. Organizational Sustainability Sustainability in organizations is a practice that is usually carried out by senior management officials and it undertaken by various departments in the organization. However, due to the recent changes and challenges as such financial problems and global climate changes in business sustainability is important in maintaining organizational policy (Phillis). Organizational policy involves reviewing the strategies of the organization to be in tune with current business practices that will make the organization to overcome business challenges. In setting up of the position of Chief Sustainability Officer, the organization should set up this position to be equivalent to the head of a department. This is important in that as the head of sustainability I have to be in constant touch with the heads of departments and the CEO (Chief Executive Officer). In doing so I am able to analyse the decisions undertaken by management and make a decision based on strategies that affect sustainability in the organization. The position of the CSO should be fitted in between the departmental heads and all other employees for this position to play a critical role in informing of the organizational strategy (Froschheiser). As the head of sustainability in the organization it is important to undertake the duties of advising the CEO and the board of directors of the organization on the making decisions and strategies that will make the organization sustainable. As the Head of sustainability, the CSO is responsible for ensuring that the organization’s strategies are communicated to all staff and to make sure that these strategies are well understood. Sustainability is complimentary to organizational strategy and therefore the CSO has the responsibility of ensuring that the organizational strategy is in tune with goals and missions of the organization. Within the organization, the CSO has a duty of gathering the ideas and thoughts of all employees on important strategies necessary for making the organization have a competitive edge and transcend into the future easily (Froschheiser). Implementing sustainable ideas requires an organization to have visionary and strong leaders who can aid in implementing these ideas within the organization. Importance of Sustainability Sustainability is very important within the organization in that it helps in aligning the organizational goals with the organizational values and beliefs. The position of the CSO is very critical since this position acts as a link between the management and the other staff in ensuring that communication is important in making the organization sustainable. Leadership is important in building a sustainable environment for business activities to flourish within an organization. Sustainability encompasses a lot activities leadership, production efficiency and improving compliance to environmental and international laws. Sustainability includes making use of new technology in the undertaking of business activities and incorporating safe business practices (Phillis). A sustainable organization is one in which use sustainable production methods through proper use of land, air and water in achieving its clients’ needs. An organization should have provisions for sustainability in its business goals and strategies. Therefore by having organizational leader such as the CSO who could audit the organizational strategies and come up with better strategies is very important. Sustainability ensures an organization can easily anticipate challenges and come up with better solutions to their problems and therefore stay ahead of the competition. Sustainability ensures that there is diversification in the organizational strategy and activities of the organization are guided on engagement and relationship building (Froschheiser). Sustainability encompasses the art of learning and therefore sustainable organizations have the capacity to manage its strategies through prudent use of data collected through research and review. Conclusion The skill of organizing an organization to achieve sustainability either through its strategies and planning is very challenging. Many organizations do not realise the importance of sustainability and therefore they tend to operate without proper, clear and well focussed strategies. For sustainability to be successful in the organization there needs to be a strong leadership and a flexible organizational structure that works together in a team to ensure organizational goals are met. The importance that sustainability has on the running of an organization requires for the position of a Chief Sustainability Officer to oversee all strategies are geared towards sustainability. Works Cited Phillis, Yannis. Sustainability of Organizations. The Business Thinker, 5 April 2010. Web. < http://businessthinker.com/sustainability-of-organizations/ >. Froschheiser, Lee. Business Sustainability: The Strategies to Achieve, the Leadership that Makes It Happen. n.d. Web. < https://www.mapconsulting.com/ > | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
My Greatest Passion and How It Has Contributed to My Personal Growth Essay The 18th century French philosopher Denis Diderot’s remark that “Only passions, great passions can elevate the soul to great things”, is significant and deserves primary attention as a close look at history reveals that all the great people were obsessed with some passion or the other. The ambition and the passions of an individual are closely linked as one is most likely to go after his most dominant passion to cherish his ambition in life. It is the innate passion of the individual that motivates him and leads him to undertake any amount of challenges for the accomplishment of his dreams and ambitions. Each individual has his/her own unique passions and my greatest passion in life is for the poor and needy humans. Hailed from a very poor region in Russia and having lost my dad at the age of 15, I always had a passion to make this world a better place for the poor and the homeless children whom I came across from my early childhood onwards. Thus, my passion for the suffering humanity has drastically changed my life and this instilled in me a strong desire to dedicate my life for their cause. Within no time I realized that I needed to pursue the career of a social worker to fulfil my passion for the poor and downtrodden section of the society. My desire to become a committed social worker transformed my way of life too. I became more and more interested in social issues, and each time I saw injustice and maltreatment done to the helpless, I was tormented with sympathetic and empathetic feelings towards them. I still remember how I dreamt of building a huge house in my locality so that I can provide solace and shelter to the homeless and the needy. I even cherished the fantasy of building a shelter for the strayed animals and birds that did not have a resting place to sleep. I wanted to learn more about social problems and my passion for the society and the people around me prompted me to pursue my higher studies either in psychology or sociology. My passion for the suffering humanity was so strong that I always enjoyed travelling, discovering new cultures, and meeting new places and people. Knowing more about various cultures and human beings provided me immense satisfaction and I used to spend sleepless nights learning about human behaviour and human psychology. After my school studies I decided to pursue my higher studies at the California University where I want to study either Health and Social Care Management or Sociology. My family members realized how determined I was in the pursuit of my ambitions and I am grateful to my mother and relatives for providing me constant support, encouragement and confidence. One of the reasons I wanted to study in California was that I really fell in love with Los Angels the very first time I visited the city. Besides, I am fascinated by the American culture and I believe that Los Angels is the right place to equip myself with the necessary knowledge and skills to cherish my passion in life-that of helping the humanity and making the lives of the people around me happier. Thus, my passion for the cause of the poor, the helpless and the needy has contributed both to my personal and professional growth. The years I worked hard to accomplish my innate passion also saw me through the development of my personality. Within no time I established myself as a person with a lot of social contacts and I could see that my communication skills and leadership abilities have also been improved considerably. To conclude, it was my social commitment and my passion for the poor and the needy that resulted in my personal and professional growth. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Climate Change as a Battle of Generation Z Report Generation Z refers to the youngest generation and it entails individuals aged between 6 and 24 years. They were born when negative impacts of climate were being felt across the globe. These changes are becoming a matter of urgency since they are affecting many people. The need for more stringent measures is on the rise as the number and intensity of natural disasters such as floods, wildlife, hurricanes, and earthquakes continue to rise (Crichton et al ., 2009). These issues have attracted the attention of the generation who they have identified climate change as the most challenging problem the world is facing today. This paper explains that climate change is the greatest issue affecting Generation Z and needs to be addressed. Climate change is a major issue of concern to people born after 1997 since they cannot recall a time when the problem did not exist. They were born when measures to address global warming were the main agenda in regional meetings encouraging them to become part of the solution. The generation understands that the problem can affect their future implying that it is necessary to establish effective corrective measures (Nordhaus, 2019). Moreover, it is affecting their career choices since climate change has impacted many sectors of the economy negatively. Since everyone would like to study a marketable course, many young people are considering areas that are not directly affected by climate change. For instance, many are avoiding agriculture because it is one of the highly affected areas. Most people in generation Z understand that climate change is an issue affecting everyone and not the government alone. This implies that every individual has a role to play in supporting beneficial changes and facilitating the reduction of the negative impact. Many young people are motivated to make a difference as they have a passion for nature (Crichton et al ., 2009). Moreover, the problem is affecting their decisions on how and where to live. This is because many areas that were considered favorable are now being marked with endless natural disasters, which are life-threatening. Many young people are concerned about issues that can affect the quality of their future and are determined to offer solutions to the problem by being more responsible. The US seems to have heard the cry of the generation as President Biden announced a policy of bringing back the United States into the Paris Climate Change. The generation understands that climate change can worsen in case effective measures are not taken to address it. They are concerned since the issue can escalate to cause devastating issues and compromise the quality of life. Natural disasters can overturn the economy, and destroy properties and the way of life (Henderson and Seekamp, 2018). This implies that all young people should be concerned about problems that affect their future. In conclusion, climate change is increasing with time becoming the greatest issue of concern among the Generation Z population. It is affecting nearly every decision that a young person is making today including career choices, where to live, how to travel, and what to eat, and do. This implies that the generation has a big task ahead to address the problem and make the world a better place for them. Failure to take the necessary measures can cause many problems most of which are unbearable. Reference List Crichton, D., Nicol, F., and Roaf, S. (2009) Adapting buildings and cities for climate change . Routledge. Henderson, M., and Seekamp, E. (2018). Battling the tides of climate change: The power of intangible cultural resource values to bind place meanings in vulnerable historic districts. Heritage , 1(2), pp. 220-238. Nordhaus, W. (2019). Climate change: The ultimate challenge for economics. American Economic Review , 109(6), pp. 1991-2014. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Sun Also Rises” Novel by Ernest Hemingway Essay Table of Contents 1. Meaning and Context of the Phrase 2. Jake Barne’s Nature 3. Significance of the Quote to the Novel 4. Conclusion “The Sun Also Rises” is one of the Ernest Hemmingway’s novels, that was written in the hours of solitude, and that describes the life of the Lost Generation. This novel is about life, thoughts and feelings of Jake Barnes – the Great War veteran, who tries to find himself in the after war life. The novel also describes his love to Brett Ashley. “ You can’t get away from yourself by moving from one place to another” Meaning and Context of the Phrase This phrase is said by Jake Barnes in chapter II, and he says it in response to the words of Robert Cohn, when he aims to persuade Jake to travel to South Africa. Cohn states, that he is dissatisfied with his life in Paris, and he believes, that the change of the surrounding scenery would help him to fill the void that he feels in the life. Actually, Jake clearly realizes that such reasoning is absurd and Cohn’s unhappiness originates from his outdated values of life, his decadent lifestyle and the eternal dissatisfaction with life. Jake aims to explain Robert that the attitude towards life is independent on the place a men lives in. Jake reveals the unique and deep insight into reviewing and solving problems, as he perfectly knows the post war generation. Jake Barne’s Nature This quote reveals Jake’s nature and the way of solving problems. He is pragmatic veteran of the World War I, and works as a journalist. He is the most stable among all his friends; however, he is also subjected to some ill-considered steps because of his feelings to Lady Brett Ashley, his impotence because of injury, and the moral vacuum left from the war. This analyzed quote positions him like an observer. He does not aim to do anything in order to fill his moral vacuum, and pragmatically views the world because of his ignorance to the surrounding world, and disgust to everything. However, in describing the events that happen around him and people he meets or remembers, Jake reveals much of his real feelings, thoughts and considerations. Significance of the Quote to the Novel The significance of this quotation to the entre novel is included in the words “you can’t get away…” The protagonist aims to get away from himself, his previous life and experience, which hurts him every time he aims to remember the previous years. Jake is not very satisfied with the life in Paris, however, he likes this city. Most probably, that he will not be able to find himself in any other corner of the world, as it does not matter, what place you live in as everything depends on the nature, and world perception. The lost generation, which Jake Barnes belongs to, is doomed to the eternal self-search, as the representatives of the Lost Generation experienced the worst disaster in the world, and they would not be able to accept and enjoy the peaceful life as they did it before the war. Conclusion In conclusion, it should be mentioned, that it is always difficult to get away “from yourself”. Nevertheless, as we can see, Jake managed to do this. He succeeded in forgetting the disasters of the war, and could distract from his feelings to Brett, his impotence and the necessity to persuade Cohn in the uselessness of the trip to South Africa. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Issue 2. Rule of Law 3. Application 4. Conclusion 5. References Issue Duncan is a shop owner. He employed Jarrad, his son, to work in the shop at a wage. Among the duties of Jarrad is the responsibility to undertake and maintain the cleanliness at the shop in which he is employed. Jarrad performs his duties as an employee though Duncan who is his father and employer feels that the shop is not always clean enough. In a move to improve the cleanliness of the shop, Duncan makes a proposal to increase Jarrad’s weekly payments by £ 30 subject to Jarrad’s commitment to ensure that the cleanliness of the shop is improved. This move was a motivational measure by Duncan towards his employee’s efficiency. Jarred agreed to the offer and undertook the measure to comply with Duncan’s condition of improving the state of hygiene of the shop. After one month, Duncan declines to make the extra payment to Jarrad claiming that cleaning the shop was his duty under the original contract. Rule of Law A contract is an arrangement between two or more parties to undertake a particular task or to refrain from a form of commission at that particular period of time or in future periods (Miller and Jentz, 2009, p. 161). For a contract to be valid there must have been an offer by one of the parties and a corresponding acceptance by the other party to whom the offer is made. The parties engaging in the contract must also have the capacity to make such contracts as required by law. The contract must also be legal and subject to consideration (Miller and Jentz, 2009, p. 161). An offer becomes valid when it is communicated and therefore binds the parties unless it is rejected by the other party (Cavendish, 2006, p. 6). Failure by one party to perform obligations in the arrangement, therefore, amounts to contract of breach. Increment in payment was an agreement to the new arrangement and failure to perform it amounts to breach of contract by the offeror (Marsh and Soulsby, 2002, P. 153). The formalization of a contract is normally characterized by the acceptance of a legal offer by the party to whom the offer is made. Once accepted, both parties to the contract are legally tied to meeting their obligations as per the contract (Salzedy and Brunner, 2004, 1). Application When terms are made in a contract, they remain binding to the parties of the contract (Smith and Thomas, 2007, P. 2129). An employer who makes express or implied terms to an employee is liable to meeting such terms or risk facing consequences of breach of terms of the contract. Agreements to make payments under contracts are enforceable in courts. A case example of such a payment agreement was enforced in the case of “Way v Latila”. In this case, the plaintiff agreed with the defendant that the defendant would make considerable advances to the plaintiff (Smith and Thomas, 2007, P. 2129). The agreement was not clear as to the mode of consideration to be accorded and even the extent of the consideration. The defendant consequently refused to make payment to the plaintiff leading to the appeal. The House of Lords held that under the arrangement, the plaintiff was entitled to financial consideration and the House of Lords decided on the amount to be given to the plaintiff (Smith and Thomas, 2007, P. 2129). The conditions laid by the employer and which an employee relies upon plays an important factor in the determination of what the employee is entitled to if at all the employee is entitled to a remuneration. The case of “Way v Latila” was determined by the House of Lords in the year 1937 (Burrows, McKendrick and Edelman, 2006, p. 332). Conclusion Jarrad is an employee in the shop as it is recorded that he works there and was entitled to a payment prior to the increment that was promised by his employer and father, Duncan. Terms in contracts must not necessarily be written and therefore the promise for extra £ 30 per week to Jarrad remains to be binding. The promise is further significant as it is the condition under which Jarrad improved his performance. Jarred fulfilled his obligation but Duncan failed. This constitutes breach on Duncan’s side since Jarrad fulfilled his part of the agreement. Using the decision made by the House of Lords in the case of Way v Latila, it can be seen that Jarrad is entitled to the payment because there was an express agreement that he would be paid the extra amount of money. Jarrad is therefore advised to file a legal complaint against Duncan because he stands a high chance of winning. References Burrows, A., McKendrick, E and Edelman, J. (2006) Cases and materials on the law of restitution . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Cavendish. (2006) Contract law . New York, NY: Routledge. Helewitz, J. (2010) Basic Contract Law for Paralegals . New York, NY: Aspen Publishers. Lewis, D and Sargeant, M. (2004) Essentials of Employment Law . London, UK: CIPD Publishing. Marsh, S and Soulsby, J. (2002) Business law . London, UK: Nelson Thornes. Marson, J. (2009) Business Law . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Miller, R and Jentz, G. (2009) Fundamentals of Business Law: Excerpted Cases . New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Mulcahy, L. (2008) Contract law in perspective . London, UK: Taylor & Francis. Salzedy, J and Brunner, P. (2004) Briefcase on Contract Law . London, UK: Routledge. Smith, I and Thomas, G. (2007) Smith & Wood’s employment law. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Winfield, P and Porter, B. (2004) Core management for HR students and practitioners . London, UK: Elsevier. Wishart, M. (2007) Contract Law . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Rayong Marriott & Spa’s Strategies for Queer Consumers Coursework When marketing to LGBTQ+ consumers is concerned, the opinions regarding the best strategies tend to diversify. Firstly, there is a view that if an LGBTQ+ traveler appreciates some features of a hotel they stop at, it is likely that other people would appreciate that as well (Anders 45). At the baseline of another perspective lies a supposition that LGBTQ+ persons, especially couples, are more vulnerable when planning their holidays due to a high probability of coming-outs they will be forced to make as they travel (Johnson 86). Marriot’s LGBTQ+ campaigns have eliminated most of the difficulties connected with brand awareness among such audience (“LGBT Tourism Demographic Profile,” par. 6). Considering that the Marriott brand is known and renowned on the Web as a gay-friendly hotel brand, Rayong Marriott hotel is unlikely to experience awareness difficulties (“Gay-Friendly Hotels,” n.pag.). On the other hand, the competition rates run high. The SWOT analysis below is to illustrate the advantages and potential hazards that Rayong Marriott can possibly undergo. Strengths Weaknesses * Advantageous location: Klaeng Rayong (“Rayong Marriott Resort & Spa,” n.pag.); * Beneficial facility range; * Fair pricing policies; * Effective service; * In terms of LGBTQ+ target customer: no LGBTQ+-related opportunities are presented on the website; * Marriage and honeymoon handling; * Low brand awareness in LGBTQ+-friendly sources and media, among leisure travelers, etc. * Excellent Web appearance and brand image; * A mobile application is present; * Positive stakeholder reviews and opinions, as a consequence of good location and facility range, pricing and service terms, and ease of reach via the Internet and mobile application. Opportunities Threats * Involvement with local groups that need support and/or sponsorship, e.g., local LGBTQ+ communities and chambers; * Working with tour operators and travel agents specializing in LGBTQ+-friendly destinations; * Sent the hotel’s representatives to visit LGBT traveling expositions in Europe and US to get an insight; * Vulnerability to competitors, especially budget hotels with more apparent LGBTQ+-friendly disposition; * Cooperate with other businesses that are targeted at LGBTQ+ consumers; * Prestige hotels might also develop new brands of local budget hotels targeted solely on LGBTQ+ clients. * The Marriott brand is known on LGBTQ+ traveling websites, e.g., Gaytravel.com (“Gay-Friendly Hotels,” n.pag.). Rayong Marriott could be enlisted in such sources as well; * Provide LGBTQ+-related information directly via Rayong Marriott’s website. As is the case with any marketing, the ways to promote a hotel are plentiful. In the case of Rayong Marriott, the root of the problem seems to be the lack of awareness. Considering the wide popularity of the brand, the difficulties with awareness raising will probably be minor. On the other hand, it only takes to google “gay-friendly hotels in Rayong” to acknowledge that the awareness and competition issues are tangible. One of the strategies, as it has been enlisted, is to cooperate with gay-friendly tourism firms. The Marriott brand is enlisted on the majority of gay tourism portals, which cannot be said in relation to Rayong hotel. Cooperation with major tour operators would increase awareness immensely and give the hotel the opportunity to welcome LGBTQ+ visitors from all over the world. One of the most optimal marketing strategies, at that, can be summarized as showing commitment. It is worth considering that, although Thailand is widely considered a destination friendly to LGBTQ+, the Thai population does not seem to welcome gender and sexual non-conformity as readily as tourism business (Thanthong-Knight par. 5). By showing commitment – and being committed – the hotel could attract both foreign and local customers. Such goals can be achieved through advertising that appeals directly to LGBTQ+ audience. To produce quality advertisements, outsourcing and LGBTQ+ exposition attendance might be needed since the target audience can easily detect whether the advert’s messages are genuinely concerned with them or not. Finally, and in relation to being committed to the LGBTQ+ community, is showing support to the local LGBTQ+ community. The brand itself and Rayong Marriott in particular, can get involved with groups to get a fuller understanding of LGBTQ+ issues and preferences. Besides, it could sponsor LGBTQ+-related activities in Rayong, e.g., festivals, concerts, performances, and so forth. Another step forward would be to host such activities since the hotel possesses excellent facilities and is located to the advantage of performance hosting. Furthermore, the account of such events can be given via the hotel’s website. In this way, both the brand and the hotel can benefit: the Marriott brand would receive further recognition and the Rayong hotel would tackle its awareness issues. The benefit would be, in fact, threefold. In addition to the brand’s and hotel’s position, the local LGBTQ+ community would receive support and be enabled to draw public attention to their issues. Also, LGBTQ+ tourists and couples would regard Rayong Marriott as a holiday option and support it in return. To conclude, the hotel would have to invest in advertising, provide more information on the website, and get committed to the LGBTQ+ community to attract this cluster of consumers locally. Considering the popularity of the brand and its investments in LGBTQ+ campaigns, increasing awareness for Rayong Mariott hotel is not an issue of extreme complexity on the global scale. Works Cited Anders, Helen. “Gay Travel Guru on a Mission.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2013: 45. Print. “Gay-Friendly Hotels.” Gaytravel.com . Gaytravel.com, 2016. Web. Johnson, Ian. “The $180-billion dollar question “How is a gay traveller different to any other traveller?”” WTM Business 2013: 85-87. Print. “LGBT Tourism Demographic Profile.” CMI Community Marketing & Insights . Community Marketing, Inc., 2016. Web. “Rayong Marriott Resort & Spa.” Marriott . Marriott International, Inc., n.d. Web. Thanthong-Knight, Siraphob. “The bitter truth behind Thailand’s gay-friendly image.” Deutsche Presse Agentur . CRM Nation Group. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Serco Company’s Management and Culture Proposal Essay The Current Serco Issues Since recently, the Dubai subway management has been reorganized, since the Serco Company has taken over the former. By providing their services to the Dubai subway, the Serco Group has reorganized the methods in which the Dubai subway is maintained. To evaluate the effects of the Serco services provided for the Dubai metro, the ISO 9000 program (ISO, 2008) is going to be applied. By specifying the improvements that the Serco Group has provided for the Dubai subway operations and the quality of the subway management, and analyzing the existing drawbacks, as well as the “side effects” of the model application, the efficiency of the latter, can be evaluated fully in the most graphic way possible. Quality Management First and foremost, the improvements concerning how the metro in Dubai is managed must be checked. As the existing sources say, the chosen business excellence model is supposed to provide a clockwork operation of the Dubai subway system. By comparing the ISO 9000 quality expectations to the standards set by Serco (2011), one will be able to check whether the Dubai metro upgrade follows the business excellence model provided by ISO 9000. Also, Serco’s understanding of integral quality management (Serco, 2011a) must be incorporated into the analysis. Finally, since Serco is aiming at promoting the Dubai metro concept further into the Middle East (Serco, 2011e), it will be especially important to compare Serco’s “Plan do-check-act” (Serco, 2011h)with the quality standards set by ISO 9000, since the latter has proved efficient all over the world (Almenida, Caten, & Gutterres, 2009). Planning and Scheduling at Serco To evaluate Serco, the quality of planning in Dubai metro (Serco, 2011b) must also be considered. By adopting the standard ISO 9000 evaluation methods, one will be able to assess the quality of the Dubai metro upgrade. Company’s Policies and Corporate Culture Naturally, it will also be required to check whether the policies used by Serco to make the Dubai metro manageable and, which is more important, popular among the city dwellers are going to be justified. Also, it is crucial that the chosen methods should comply with the existing moral standards and ethical principles, which the ISO 9000 is going to be very helpful for. By using the ISO 9000 model, one will be able to evaluate Serco’s Policy and supporting philosophies (Serco, 2011c), especially the company’s policies concerning the quality of the provided services (Serco, 2011g). The latter is especially important, seeing how the Dubai metro quality management policies have been questioned in the past two years at least once (Webb & Rayner, 2011). To achieve precise results and conduct an objective assessment, it will be required to consider the Serco management system quality manual (Serco, 2011d). By using ISO 9000, one will be able to take into account every major field of Serco’s activity. Management System: Information Sharing and Organizational Behavior Last but not least, such issues as knowledge management and organizational behaviour strategies must be evaluated (Serco, 2011f). ISO 9000 must provide the latest demands concerning the quality of the knowledge management process, which means that the system of knowledge sharing introduced into the operations of the Dubai metro by Serco will be checked fully. Reference List Almenida, M. H., Caten, C. T. S. & Gutterres, M. (2009). Evaluating ISO 9001:2000 Certified and non-certified organizations in Brazilian leather-footwear chain. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 6 (2), 51-73. ISO (2008). International standard. 4th ed. Geneva, SW: ISO. Serco (2011). Concession agreement for the operations and maintenance. Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011a). Integral quality management . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011b). Planning . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011c). Policy and supporting philosophies . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011d). Serco management system quality manual . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011e). Serco Middle East integrated management system manual . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011f). Serco Middle East quality management procedure document control Procedure . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Serco (2011g). Quality policy . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. 2 Serco (2011h). Plan “do-check-act.” Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. Webb, R. & Rayner, C. (2011). Dubai metro quality management policy . Dubai: Serco Dubai Metro. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Searching process 3. Selection process 4. Implementation process 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Research shows that companies that are doing well in the business world embrace innovations. Innovations within the environment have seen the success of numerous companies. Thus, innovations have given numerous organizations competitive advantage. This has seen tremendous efforts being made to enhance innovations in organizations. A remarkable example is Apple Incorporation. This organization has had a competitive advantage over its competitors by using appropriate innovations. In fact, the organization has created a system that supports and advances innovations to underpin its operations. Recently, Apple incorporation reviewed its innovation strategy. In this organization, innovation has been achieved in processes, business models, customer experience and leadership. The organization has established an Innovation Factory to oversee its processes. The innovation factory encompasses the research and development department (Müller, 2011). Here, there are experts and researchers entrusted with the responsibility of innovating. This has seen the introduction of innovations such as iPod, iTunes, iMac and iPods. These innovations have been well managed and accepted by customers worldwide. Furthermore, there is a likelihood of other innovations that can be associated with Apple Incorporation. Searching process The organization embraces the culture of innovation in its operations. All employees in the organization are encouraged to present their ideas on innovation. In some occasions, brain storming sessions are done to generate innovative ideas. Apple Incorporation employs efficiency- minded personnel (Abbing, 2012). In fact, its managers and administrators are innovation oriented. Apple incorporation applies brand driven innovation in meeting the needs and requirements of clientele. Through them, the organization has managed to acquire key things that have seen the proliferation of innovation (Abbing, 2010). Furthermore, innovation factory scans the environment for business opportunities. This facilitates integration of customers’ ideas in innovations. This also ensures that the demands and needs of the technological markets are met. Selection process Generated ideas are subjected to screening to determine their practicability. This reduces the number of ideas available for selection. This results in about two to three viable innovations that are further subjected to thorough analysis (Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, 2010). Analysis and thorough scrutiny are done in relation to the goals and objectives of the organization. Thus, innovative ideas that enhance organizational goals are selected. Furthermore, other aspects such as resources; capital and personnel are also considered. Apple Incorporation assess whether it can finance innovations to the commercialization stage or not. Besides, other aspects such as sustainability and profitability of the same are analyzed. Likewise, machinery that is required for the realization of innovation ideas is also analyzed. For instance, Apple Incorporation gives priority to innovative ideas that will make use of its machinery. This encompasses aspects such as its software and programmers. This ensures that the cost associated with production is minimized to levels that will not strain the organization. After the above selection criteria, the innovation factory settles on one innovative idea. In most cases, the idea addresses the needs of the customers and enhances achievement of organization goals. The next step involves contacting the purchases and supplies department for the raw material to transform the innovation idea into a product. Besides, the finance department also provides the required financial resources to the purchasing department. Implementation process Apple Incorporation embraces active participation in its implementation strategies. Moreover, there is networking, partnership and experimentation (Lüsted, 2012). This ensures that there is the reduction in conflicts. First, a prototype is produced and introduced to a target population. Research is then done to get feedback on the same. If the product is effective in meeting the demands and needs of customers, a strategy is established for mass production of the product. However, if customers are not satisfied, or if there is negative feedback, adjustments are made. When all the researchers are sure that everything is clear and appropriate, massive productions are made. This is then followed by commercialization activities. Customers are educated on the use of the innovated product through intense marketing activities. The products are then introduced to the market for consumption by the sales department of the organization. There is also a monitoring and evaluation team that oversees the progress and performance of the product in the market. This is team ensures that it relays effective feedback to the organization on performance of the product. This ensures that the organization monitors all aspects that affect the performance of the product (Andriopoulos & Dawson, 2009). Value addition can be applied if the monitoring and evaluation team determine that the sales of the product are declining. The key issue is to ensure that customer needs and requirement are being met by the product. Therefore, this is the reason behind customer involvement in all that concerns innovation. Thus, as the organization endeavors in business, it involves customers at each level. This, together with researchers, ensures that there are few conflicts. Moreover, problems and errors are easily identified and addressed before worsening. Conclusion In summary, Apple Incorporation has one of the best frameworks in the department of innovation. This has seen proper management of innovations leading to success of the business. Additionally, this has seen the achievement of goal oriented results within the organization. References Abbing, E. R. (2010). Brand-driven Innovation: Strategies for development and design . Lausanne: AVA Pub. Andriopoulos, C., & Dawson, P. (2009). Managing change, creativity and innovation . Los Angeles: SAGE. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. (2010). Inspired by Technology, Driven by Pedagogy: A Systemic Approach to Technology-Based School Innovations . Paris: OECD, Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. Lüsted, M. A. (2012). Apple: The company and its visionary founder, Steve Jobs . Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Pub. Müller, C. (2011). Apple’s approach towards innovation and creativity: How Apple, the most innovative company in the world, manages innovation and creativity . München: GRIN Verlag GmbH. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Personal Finance Concepts Essay The needs analysis has two variables. That is, expenses incurred at death and expenses to sustain the household. This could be split up into the following divisions. 1. Clean up fund. 2. Family sustenance fund 3. Fund for surviving spouse. 4. Emergency expenses fund and 5. Retirement fund for spouse (Investment Dictionary, 2009). The first thing would be clean up fund, which is a necessity in the case of Tom and Sue. This could be around $10,000 say. Continued income, at the rate of $67,800 per year is needed. The income for surviving spouse can be met with on long-term basis as Tom is still working and young enough. The final fund, The Retirement fund may also be met with on a long-term basis, with small savings. What remain are the Emergency fund and the matter of $67,800 (75% of 84,000 and 4800 child care) dollars per year. Here we should know that it is wise to overestimate a little, according with the practice of Tom and Sue (Investment Dictionary, 2009). Emergency funds are usually to a tune of 3 to 6 months expense (i.e., around $31,500) of the household. That is, when we add $10,000, $67,800 and $31,500 and reduces the income of $56,400. Calculating we get an insurance gap of around $52,900 plus the premiums needed for surviving spouse and his sustenance (Build Yourself An Emergency Fund. 2009). If we round off the gap at $50,000, First it would be better that the Wrights should consult an analyst and conduct a thorough analysis. Then if the gap cannot be bridged, Consult an insurance agent and buy more policy. They could also buy the gap cover policies offered by many companies (life insurance protection gap.2009). Bob Brown can rest assured that the auto insurance payments would clearly cover for him as well as his passenger. It provides reasonable and necessary medical treatment for him and his passenger Ruth, regardless of who was at fault. The treatment coverage offers expenses for surgery, ambulance, physicians, hospital and even funeral expenses (not necessary in this case.). This part comes under the medical payments or med-pay (Roedar, 2007). The collision damages to the vehicle are also well covered by the insurance. This coverage pays for the damages to Bob’s car. He should file a claim against the car that rammed into his car. It would cover for the repair of his car and even replace the car if it is necessary. Here the Actual Cash value of the car is taken, along with the depreciation to the car with age use and, wear and tear. This part comes under collision coverage section. As for the car moving in front of his car, he must overcome the legal presumption of his responsibility in hitting the car. For any liability proved against him he could use the Liability claim which would cover any property damage, bodily injury or even death, disease, or even loss of health. It even covers emergency first aids, bail bonds and even legal defense costs (Question, 2009). Since the car behind Bob’s car slammed on to him the insurance company of the car is liable to pay for the damages of that car. Since there is no legal liability Bob’s insurance company is not liable for the damages. The bodily injury and property damages are paid out on a per occurrence basis. This means that every accident drains your prescribed limit. This means that if you stick to the state prescribed limits of bodily injury and property damages you may run out on your prescribed limits and may have pay out from your own pocket (Question, 2009). References: Build Yourself An Emergency Fund. (2009). Web. Investment Dictionary: Needs Approach. (2009). Web. Question. (2009). Web. Roedar, T. (2007). Types of Auto Insurance Coverage. Web. What are the steps to closing a life insurance protection gap?. (2009). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. The plot of the “Swarn” 3. The main idea of the “Swarn” 4. Conclusion Introduction “Swarn” written by Bruce Sterling is a science fiction story included in the collection of fantasy stories “Crystal Express”. The quotation given for analysis reveals the whole plot and contents of the story. It exposes the essence of the main idea. The plot of the “Swarn” Human beings, struggling to get as much useful information as possible from the universe, fighting for new horizons, never thought of the actual life itself. Life as it is. Life is a precious thing, given by the highest powers and not just a period for storing knowledge. This is exactly what Capitan-Doctor has been doing during his entire life – serving his government, faction, and race. The given passage helps to understand that the human race leaders have set useless goals of superior existence. As an outcome, it appears that though it is a century of the highest technologies and the story set is way far in the future, the main values remain the same. Information gathering is worth nothing. As proof, Bruce Sterling makes his hero choose between devotion to the native land, its interests, and his own life. The main idea of the “Swarn” The author approves neither arm race nor the race for information. What do rivalry, fights, and wars bring into our lives? – Aggression and violence. The given passage explains to the reader the terrible impact on the human race caused by themselves. People do ruin their genetics with artificial methods. They are chasing the goal to become better, improved, and perfect. Capitan-Doctor is a wonderful example of such a metamorphosis. His genes have been altered; nevertheless, it does not help him to succeed in life. He is an instrument of a huge machine running people’s lives. Sterling also helps to understand there is always a greater power to any power existing. There is always someone smarter, quicker, and more persistent. Capitan-Doctor gave up all Earth comforts and conveniences for the sake of fraction. The competition between Mechanists and Shapers takes a very important role in his life. He was ready to seek the universe thoroughly, far and wide, stinting himself in everything. He cherished a hope to leave everything aside and have a nice, quality vacation. The desire was to have a good rest from his work; instead, he remained in Swarm forever. The cause of this was his total devotion to the mission, which, by the way, does not take the first place in deciding the life problem. However ironic it may seem, all efforts put to fulfillment of the mission were unclaimed. But, the main point is that a human being remains a human being with own interests and desires. Feelings always prevail over the mind. Conclusion The major message conveyed in the story is that humanity should strive for spiritual growth and inner development instead of short-term satisfaction with basic needs. The author makes it clear – all efforts of humanity are pointless; they are meaningless when it comes to humanity overall rather than short-term personal goals. Regardless of what actions are being undertaken by individuals within a society, the development of civilization will continue in the same direction – in circles. History evolves in circles – only minor things change – the form, shape. Body, and mind; but not spirituality and inner peace, as this is the primary goal one should strive for throughout life. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Selling Bonneau’s Wholesale Sunglass Distribution Firm Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main text 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The decision to sell the business after so many years of hard work is not an easy one; however, it seems to me that it is the right thing to do. The reasons for this are several. Main text First off, taking into account the overall balance in the amount of money invested at the beginning and what is received in the end, one has to conclude that Bonneaus is to gain much. From the investment total of $6000, they receive $20 million in the end, not to mention how much money they probably earned throughout the period of thirty years which is how long they were running the business. Secondly, the maturing of the market that brought about significantly smaller profits is definitely a sign of not-so-great opportunities to prosper in the future because the buyers have found ways to consolidate and gain more power. For that reason, the only way to respond back is to join forces with other companies in the industry which is precisely what the prospective buyer intends to do. Finally, the fact that Ed no longer finds enjoyment in running the business and has developed some other interests is a clear sign that it is the right time to make a good harvest. The only thing that seems to cause worry is what is going to happen with the firm and the employees after it is bought by the financial buyer because Ed and Barbara have devoted 30 years of their lives to the business and it is evident that they cared much about the employees because they had a company chaplain who was there to help the employees in difficult situations. As for Ed’s opportunity to remain involved in the company’s work as a consultant, it is probably a good thing for both him and the company. It seems that despite the fact that the buyer is a financial one, he does not have the intention to sell out the company because he stated that he intends to buy several other firms and establish a large-scale business. For that reason, if he is to make a good start, he needs someone who has a lot of experience in the field. Ed certainly has the necessary qualifications since he has run the firm for thirty years and managed to do so in a very successful way by increasing its value several times. In addition, his presence in the company would ensure a smooth transition rather than an abrupt change in the working environment which would be beneficial for the atmosphere in the firm. Such a proposal on the part of the buyer is definitely a sign of his serious intention to continue running the business successfully. Conclusion In that light, granting the position of Chief Operating Officer to Bonneaus’ son-in-law does not seem problematic at all. Given the fact that he was a part of the management team in the company he is certainly one of the people with the most knowledge about the firm’s daily practices and can serve as a good connection between the employees and the new management team, thereby also ensuring a smoother transition. furthermore, it represents an opportunity for Bonneaus to despite no longer being the owners continue to contribute to the growth of the business only without that much risk. References Small Business Management: Launching and Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures, 16th edition | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
According to Niinimäki (2012 p.9), in the fashion industry, there is a special algorithm that determines the nature of interaction with the target audience to maintain stable sales and satisfy customer interest. As the author remarks, if specific products meet clients’ needs or emphasize their personal identity, this is an additional incentive to purchase (Niinimäki 2012 p.9). For instance, when taking into account the wishes of the target audience regarding styles and color shades, sellers can increase sales. Therefore, productive dialogue with consumers is the key to sustainability in the fashion industry. Maintaining sustainable demand by creating effective information exchange programs and resale platforms is a valuable mechanism in the modern fashion sector. Goldsworthy et al. (2018 p.15) state that an opportunity to discuss specific products with their subsequent exchange allows keeping buyers interested in a particular brand. If the purchased items are exchanged and resold through special applications, this will help maintain the reputation of the brand. For instance, as Goldsworthy et al. (2018 p.15) note, when using social networks, consumers can discuss certain products and comment on desired purchases. As a result, demand is stable, and the power of the brand is fueled by the constant exchange of goods. Consumers’ justified decisions concerning the purchases of specific goods are accompanied by the availability of product information. Pookulangara and Shephard (2013 p.23) argue that those manufacturers and distributors who create a sustainable system of informing the target audience about the benefits of certain products have a higher percentage of sales. The demand for fashion that is sustainable depends on how customers are aware of all the characteristics of goods, including pricing, delivery times, and other factors. For instance, product offerings will be accepted more successfully if distributors use interaction mechanisms with potential customers through online media and notification systems (Pookulangara and Shephard 2013 p.23). Therefore, the effectiveness of sales largely depends on how detailed and accessible the description of all market offerings is. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Symbolism of the House in a “Rose for Emily” by Faulkner Essay A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner vividly depicts the gradual decline of the Southern aristocracy in the Civil War aftermath. The author’s intentions are achieved primarily through the extensive use of symbols within the story. In particular, the symbol of the house is of primary importance, since it stands for the demise of the Pre-Civil War epoch. The author develops this symbolism through several clues, incorporated within the narrative for readers to discover. Indeed, extensive descriptions of the Griersons’ mansion vividly represent the deterioration of their pre-Civil War well-being. For instance, Emily’s house is filled with objects representing the past, such as her father’s crayon portrait, “tarnished” items, and “cracked” furniture (Faulkner 51). The Negro butler at Emily’s house is also perceived as a relic since the range of his tasks becomes limited to letting visitors in and out, and therefore his services are needless. The author deliberately mentions the former splendor of the house, which “had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies…” (Faulkner 49). However, over time, the luxurious appearance of the house and its prestigious location come to nothing: “only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores” (Faulkner 49). In other words, Emily’s old-fashioned house becomes opposed to the present-day industrial area around it. Hence, the author emphasizes the conflict between Emily and her community, which is a driving force of the story. The author identifies the decaying symbolism of the house in the text through the author’s constant mentions of dust, which fills the Griersons’ mansion: “faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils” (Faulkner 61). Stagnation is further emphasized by the use of adjectives “even,” “patient,” and “biding”: “…beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust” (Faulkner 61). In such a manner, the author highlights that the time stood still in the Griersons’ mansion for years. Furthermore, dust defines a specific smell and atmosphere of the house in general: “…a dim hall… smelled of dust and disuse – a close, dank smell” (Faulkner 50). Later on, terrible malodor starts emanating from the house outside, which naturally disturbs Jefferson’s townspeople. Emily Grierson’s denial of the new reality and reluctance to adapt to new social norms gradually lead to her isolation from the community of Jefferson. As a result, the dusty house becomes Emily’s only shelter from the contemporary world: “And so she died. Fell ill in the house filled with dust and shadows” (Faulkner 59). The reader perceives this fundamental opposition between Emily and her community when townsmen enter the house: “…a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs…” (Faulkner 51); “The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust” (Faulkner 60). As one can easily observe, entering the house is described as a transfer to another universe – the world of the past, where dust is the only thing that welcomes Jefferson townspeople. The biblical “dust to dust” concept is another significant association, which further supplements the symbolism of the house. Thus, Emily’s house symbolizes the decay of the pre-Civil War upper class, who failed to accept the inevitable changes and new values established in the New South. Through the extensive descriptions of the Griersons’ house, William Faulkner emphasizes the necessity to adapt to new conditions of life. The author consistently develops the deteriorating symbolism of the house by repeatedly using specific lexical units, such as “dust,” “tarnished,” and the like. Due to the presence of this symbol, readers perceive the literary work as not only Emily Grierson’s life story but as a representation of a historically significant shift in the U.S. worldview. Work Cited Faulkner, William. Selected Short Stories of William Faulkner . New York: Modern Library, 1961. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Men’s Store Project Essay Introduction The men’s store will have a rectangular shape divided into various sections that display different items. Many shoppers always look left first before turning right as they search for items they want to purchase. The right side of the store will have products that entice consumers to explore other items being displayed in the store. The store’s design will be made more inviting to encourage customers to sample items that are displayed in different sections. Many shoppers prefer moving in an anti-clockwise direction when they are sampling items they intend to purchase in shopping stores. The aisles around the store need to be about one and a half meters wide to make it easy for customers to move around the store (Andersen, 1997, p. 123). All sections will be labeled and segmented to make it possible for customers to identify products they intend to purchase quickly. These sections will be partitioned with glass to make it easy for managers to monitor sales staff. The store will divided into several sections each offering different types of apparel. The first section needs to cater for general shopping interests and it will display casual wear targeting different types of customers. This section will display denim jeans, shirts, t-shirts and other items which men wear whenever they perform different outdoor activities or when they are relaxing. The next section will display a wide range of sportswear for men who are actively involved in sports (Pride, 2008, p. 67). This section will also display other items such as tennis balls, footballs, soccer balls, basketballs, baseball equipment and other items. The third display section of the store will have men’s attire for that men can wear when attending different official occasions. This section needs to be segmented into different areas to cater for unique customer tastes and preferences (Pride, 2008, p 74). The business attire section will have ties, jackets and suits for male clients searching for official work attire. The other segment will display tuxedos, hats and other apparel men wear when they attend high profile red carpet events. The last merchandise section will display different types of shoes, belts, wallets and other accessories. These items will be kept in locked transparent cabinets to safeguard them from shoplifters. The office needs to be allocated space at the end of the store to make it possible for managers to monitor different activities being done in the store. Office space of about 100 square feet (10 x 10) will be adequate for three managers. The office will also have a separate section to accommodate three IT professionals who will monitor security in the store. They will use CCTV cameras placed in strategic locations to monitor all business activities done in the store to minimize theft. The storage area will be adjacent to the office and only the operations manager will have entry codes. The area will be used to store different types of merchandise to ensure all items on sale do not run out of stock (Piotrowski & Rogers, 2013, p. 54). The storage area needs to be about 250 square feet (10’x 25’) to make it possible for large quantities of merchandise to be stored there. All sections will have their own counters to make it possible for customers to pay at the point of purchase. All employees will be expected to be accountable for what happens in their workstations to make it easy for managers to compare the performance of each section. Counters will be manned by accountants who will make entries of every item purchased into automated payment records. They will be required to give customers receipts which will be used to prove the transaction has taken place. Electronic sensors will be placed at the exit to nab any customers that try to leave the store without paying for items purchased (Pycraft, Singh & Phihlela, 2000, p. 76). All apparel will have electronic chips that will only become inactive after payments have been made. These electronic chips will notify the system about any act of theft in the store to ensure all items are paid for. Conclusion The layout needs also to leave a space for washrooms to ensure all customers who visit the store have an area they can relieve themselves. It will have male and female toilet facilities to enable them transact in the store comfortably. The store will also need a dressing room (Zentes, Morschett & Schramm –Klein, 2011, p. 93). This will make it possible for customers to try out different types of apparel displayed in the store to see how they fit. The last merchandise section will have glass cabinets which will display different items. These cabinets will contain watches, wallets, wrist bands, rings, chains and belts. The store will also have surveillance cameras which will be used to monitor and record any insecurity acts in the store. All display sections will have seats to allow customers to rest as they wait to be served. References Andersen, A. (1997). Small store survival: Success strategies for retailers. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Piotrowski, C. M., & Rogers, E.A. (2013). Designing commercial interiors. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Pride, W.M. (2008). Foundations of marketing. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Pycraft, M., Singh, H., & Phihlela, K. (2000). Operations management. Johannesburg: Pearson South Africa. Zentes, J. Morschett, D., & Schramm –Klein, H. (2011). Strategic retail management: Text and international cases. London: Springer. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
PTSD is normally characterized as a mental disorder that is a direct result of anxiety-related syndromes that came about as a direct result of a traumatic event (Chemtob, 2011). One example of this can be seen in the case of natural disasters such as flooding which occur as a direct result of excessive rainfall which creates a PTSD response in certain individuals wherein they continue to respond negatively to various external stimuli such as storms, videos of flooding or other such examples. Situation Events that Trigger PTSD Constant Re-experiencing This aspect takes the form of constant flashbacks to the traumatic event resulting in severe stress and anxiety or the equivalent thereof in the form of a negative psychological response. This symptom is often brought out as a direct result of distinct triggers (such as in the case of the previously mentioned example where images of floods, rain, etc. acted as the necessary trigger to bring about the memory) (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Exposure to a Traumatic Event A traumatic event in this particular case comes in the form of even that elicited a great deal of intense fear, resulted in serious injury, or had the very real possibility of death for the individual involved (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). It is thought that such events are necessary for the development of PTSD since they leave a deep psychological “scar” so to speak which interacts with the fear and anxiety mechanisms within the brain that create the various symptoms associated with PTSD. It must be noted though that various studies have yet to determine what constitutes a sufficiently traumatic event to cause PTSD. What is considered as “traumatic” apparently varies per individual with some cases (i.e. a severe car accident, war, near-death experience, etc.) causing no apparent symptoms of PTSD in one person but manifesting in another who endured a similar event. For example, just as PTSD develops differently in various individuals (as seen in the case of returning U.S. soldiers from Iraq) several individuals who experience similar experiences were noted as being completely fine after a few hours in a recovery center (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Clinical Manifestations of PTSD Emotional Numbing Emotional numbing is a symptom that manifests itself as a distinct detachment from people, social situations, and activities that were previously thought of to be enjoyable. It also happens to manifest itself as a form of detachment or state of withdrawal where these individuals are unresponsive to external stimuli (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Increased arousal (Heightened sense of awareness) This particular aspect of PTSD manifests itself as being in a constant state of readiness resulting in difficulty falling asleep, being in a constant state of agitation, and even manifests itself as a form of hypervigilance. It is thought that such a state comes about as a direct result of a traumatic event with the need for constant vigilance and readiness being imprinted on the mind (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Various experts are actually at odds over this particular aspect of PTSD as to whether or not it has its background in a repressed evolutionary response mechanism (i.e. the behavior of constant vigilance displayed by herbivores when watching out for predators) or if the condition is merely a form of anxiety syndrome (Wells & Colbear, 2012). Treatment and Therapies Involved Pharmacotherapy Pharmacotherapy is a method of treatment that utilizes the administration of drugs as a way of dealing with the symptoms and resulting adverse mental conditions that come about from PTSD (Trickey, Siddaway, Meiser-Stedman, Serpell & Field, 2012). It is often the case that mild sedatives, anti-depressants, and various other forms of psychoactive drugs are utilized to help deal with abrupt “episodes” of PTSD as they occur. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is a form of treatment that involves 1 on 1 (or at times group sessions) between the patient and a trained psychotherapist. These particular forms of treatment often involve an exploration of what triggers instances of re-experiencing and attempts to help resolve such issues through progressive methods of disassociation till the event no longer elicits the same amount of stress (Trickey et al., 2012). This particular method of treatment also involves the implementation of a variety of coping mechanisms to lessen the degree of anxiety generated by PTSD. Patient education Patient education imparts relevant information to patients to help them better alter their behaviors and improve their overall mental health (Trickey et al., 2012). This process often involves helping patients understand their current condition, how it is negatively affecting their mental and physical well-being, and the various methods they can employ to get better. Conclusion It must be noted though that it is not an issue of which method produces the best treatment outcome since all of the methods of treatment have varying levels of results. Rather, it has been discovered by clinical psychologists that implementing all therapies in conjunction with one another, often creates a more effective outcome as compared to using the aforementioned treatment methods individually. Reference List Chemtob, C. (2011). Screening for Trauma Exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms among Mothers Receiving Child Welfare Preventive Services. Child Welfare , 90 (6), 109. Muldoon, O. T., & Lowe, R. D. (2012). Social Identity, Groups, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Political Psychology , 33 (2), 259-273. Trickey, D., Siddaway, A. P., Meiser-Stedman, R., Serpell, L., & Field, A. P. (2012). A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review , 32 (2), 122-138. Wells, A., & Colbear, J. S. (2012). Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Metacognitive Therapy: A Preliminary Controlled Trial. Journal Of Clinical Psychology , 68 (4), 373-381 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Economic Problems in World Textile Industry Report (Assessment) Introduction Textile industry over the world comprises a large chunk of the many economies all over the world. In fact we are told that international trade in textiles reached a whopping 530 billion dollars, which is about 5% of total world merchandise trade. It is therefore an area that is sensitive to many governments. Trade and Conflicts Trade in textiles and apparel has caused many conflicts between developed and developing countries due to various reasons. One major reason is that textile industry, being labor intensive, employs so many people such that should it be disrupted, many would lose their employment (Griffin &Pustay, 266). Such a scenario would first of all worry politicians in such countries since it could lead to their losing their seats or even general instability. This could equally cause an economic crisis no one can fathom due to the numbers that will lose a source of livelihood, not forgetting their dependents. Cheap labor in developing countries make them produce textile products that may be cheap in such a case that when exported to developed countries, will be cheaper than what the developed countries produce.This could make workers in the developed industries to lose their source of livelihood too (Griffin &Pustay, 267). This may lead to conflict between nations. Trade and Barriers I feel totally free trade in textile and apparel is not a good thing. This is because different countries have different intervening factors. Some countries, as already seen, have some advantages over others in terms of labor, management, government subsidy etc. For instance cheap labor can make one country gain undue advantage over the other country whose labor cost is higher. Some governments, on the other hand,subsidize their farmers thus making them also have undue advantage over those that do not. Other countries have management advantage over the others. This is why it is good for a kind of balance to be imposed to control skewed trade that may cater for such imbalances (Griffin &Pustay, 267). For instance bodies like GATT and MFA were formed in 1961 and 1974 respectively to give some quotas. MFA was particularlymeant to shield textile industries in the developed world from cheaper exports coming from developing countries. Due to such sensitivities, it is therefore good for nations to be allowed to erect some trade barriers to trade in these goods. However, some countries have found maneuvers that circumvent the trade quotas. Some for example, use quotas underutilized by other countries to manufacture and end export large quantities of cheap textile products to US. They do this through for instance building industries in these countries. But this has been detrimental to the US for example since it has to use enormous resources vetting the exact source hence furthering the cost of the textile products (Griffin &Pustay, 268). With the aforementioned, it is therefore crucial for individual countries to impose certain safe- guard measures to protect jobs and economy. Who Benefits or loses in Free Trade The other tricky question is who benefits and who loses in free trade in textile? As things appear now China seems to have an upper hand in this field due to many factors favoring it. However were the industry made free could be benefits for all since the textile industry would grow as quota restrictions will no longer be there to limit expansion (Griffin &Pustay, 269). Faced with cut-throat competitionfrom China, US factories may shut down as many workers lose employment. Conclusion In conclusion it can be seen that free trade is an issue that should be handled intricately. Due to the stakes that the industry holds, it is imperative that delicate balancing act is done to cushion vulnerable nations from the vagaries of open competition while at the same time allowing for the free growth of the industry. Work Cited Griffin, Ricky W &Pustay, W Michael. International Business (6 th Ed) . New Jersey, Prentice hall, 2010 For Discussion tab A country embracing membership to MFN is required to mandatory extend its signatory to tariff concessions fixed to other participating nations. The sole purpose of the principle is to simplify tariff bargaining thus increasing prospect of tariff decrease. The principle of MFN which encourages nations treats the second nation as it would treat the third one helps most countries in balancing trading activities. Besides lowering trade tariffs, it promotes multilateralism, unlike bilateralism since by practicing bilateralism it would be going against the GATT requirements that require that nations compete in trade non-discriminately. In essence this would also go against GATT’s requirement of reducing barriers to trade, so that trade is increased. MFN brings about considerable advantages to countries which take part. Some of the benefits anchored on this principle. A country that embraces MFN on imports will get favors from the most efficient and reliable supplier. This is unlike in the case where tariffs may differ from other countries. Also, small nations benefit immensely from developed nations thus this advantage wouldn’t be accomplished on their own. Though MFN enhances mutual and free trading practices within signatory members, powerful nations have a dominant presence. Thus, they tend to overlook the needs of poor or developing nations. Besides, regional blocks such as European Union have constantly eliminated tariffs amongst its members whereas upholding tariff walls to poor nations across the world. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sedation Effect on Blood Pressure in Ventilated Patients Research Paper Sedative drugs in patients are used in ventilated Patients to reduce anxiety and also to reduce instability of the cardiovascular to maintain ventilator synchrony in the patient. Propofol is a commonly used drug in sedation but this drug has analgesic properties that are used to control pain in ventilated patients. The problem with this kind of drug is that it is very addictive when it is used over some time to the ventilated patient and this can bring other problems in the patient like respiratory depression and the patient always find it difficult to exuberate. Sleep is very important for terminally ill patients because it facilitates quick healing to patients and this is why medical personnel will use sedatives to ventilated patients so that the patient can achieve the right balance in sleep because patients who are having enough sleep will recover quickly. The use of sedation in patients who are in the ICU is commonly used to promote sleep and reduce the anxiety which sometimes is found in these patients and this will ultimately optimize the care that is given to these patients, the, most commonly used type of drug in the ICU is midazolam and lorazepam. Continued usage of these two drugs will cause over sedation and will cause the patient to develop pneumonia and this can lead to death it is not diagnosed earlier. “Sometimes oversedation of midazolam and lorazepam will cause the patient not recovering quickly and this will lead the patient to overstay in the hospital or the ICU” (Parrillo 2001). “Benzodiazepines (BNZs) is a commonly used type of drug in sedation for ventilated patients” (Leikin 2007). This type of drug usually interacts with the body-specific receptors and is part of gamma-aminobutyric acid. This type of drug will depend on the body of the patient because the effect of this particular drug can be reversed by an antagonist This type of drug is safe if it is safely used but when it is associated with alcohol which is usually used in cirrhotic patients it will depress the respiratory center and the effect of this will induce apnea in the terminally ill patient. “The other effect of this type of a drug, as it was observed in other patients is that it caused depression in patients” (Mohr 2004). “The depression has been brought about by direct effects on hemodynamics in addition to indirect effect when it blocks ‘adrenergic drive’ in the patient” (Lachmann 2007). Propofol is an extreme lipophilic drug and it is used generally for terminal patients to induce and maintain anesthesia inpatient. This type of drug was recently allowed to be used as a sedative in the I.C.U. the main purpose of using this type of drug in terminally ill patients is because it can dissolve fats emulsion in the patient body, an example of that fat which is found in the patient body is glycerol. Propofol has a quick response and this will prompt the patent to arousal after a single dose. This type of drug metabolism can be extracted by the kidneys. Some problems are being associated with this drug cause it causes transient elevation to the patients and to the extent it will cause allergic reactions to the patient. his type of drug in the terminally ill patient will cause cardiovascular and respiratory depression effect in the patient and sometimes it may affect the heart rate of the patient. “In some incidents, this type of drug has brought infectious complications to patients and this has been brought about by contamination by fat emulsion which is found in the patient body” (Hogarth 2008). Etomidate is this type of drug used to induce anesthesia to a ventilated patient, this kind of drug has shown some advantages when applied as a sedative to patients who are in ICU and is usually applied in emergency cases such as endotracheal and cardioversion procedures. This type of drug will produce hypnosis in patients and the patient will start to have nausea and the ventilated patient will feel like vomiting, it can cause seizures to ventilated patient. When this drug is mostly used in a ventilated patient it increases the mortality of the patient and this is a result of the suppression of adrenal steroidogenesi s which is found in the human body. Ketamine is a derivative of phencyclidine and the patient being administered with this drug will have anesthesia, and this is caused by the interactions between the drug and the neurotransmitter glutamic acid and this will be found in the limbic system. In this state is where the patient will the advantage of this type of drug is that it can be eliminated by the kidneys and has minimal respiratory depression which can be experienced in ventilated patients. The disadvantage of this type of drug is that it will increase the heart rate of the patient and also the blood pressure of the patient will increase. To some extend ketamine increases salivation and produces muscle movement in the patient body. “but the most worry doctors have when they use this type of drug is that the patient will hallucinate and delirium that why this type of drug is rarely used for patients who are in the ICU” (Barash 2009). Reference List Barash, P.G. (2009). Clinical Anesthesia. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Hogarth, D.K. (2008). Critical care medicine: just the facts. London: McGraw-Hill Professional. Lachmann, B. (2007). Mechanical Ventilation: Clinical Applications and Pathophysiology.London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Leikin, J.B. (2007). Poisoning and toxicology handbook. New York: Informa Health Care. Mohr, J. P. (2004). Stroke: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Parrillo, J.E. (2001). Critical care medicine: principles of diagnosis and management in the adult. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Education in The Early National Period Report Introduction The Early National Period occurred between 1776 to 1840. During this time, most of the children were taught how to read and write by their parents at home, using a handbook and the bible as points of reference. Education was mainly about teaching good morals and the curriculum was based on religion. Since the paper was so expensive, the children wrote on a copybook and those from rich families had the privilege to hire a private tutor. During this period, such pioneers of education as Jefferson and Webster were against the teaching of political and moral values in school and this led to a slow evolution of the school. Additionally, there was not much difference between private and public institutions of learning and both these institutions received grants from the government. Moreover, society gave these schools land and financial aid. During this period, the different types of schools included district schools, free school societies, and academies. The academies provided basic education and taught other things such as Latin, Greek, Mathematics and history (Gordon and Reid, p. 45). This topic has had a major impact on the current system of education and for this reason, there is the need to explore it further. In addition, it also enables us to assess the progress that has been made within the education system since early times. This is important as it helps us to appreciate the progress made and those responsible for it. Three educational contributions of the Education during the Early National Period There are several educational contributions during the early national period that needs to be explored. To start with, this education led to the establishment of academies. These were secondary schools that taught both Latin and English grammar, among other subjects. Secondly, during this period, Dewitt Clinton helped in the establishment of free schools, and this play a significant role in enlarging the system of education. Children from less fortunate families were able to get an education due to the presence of these schools (Gordon and Reid, p. 45). Thirdly, since the curriculum was based on religion and the main goal of sending children to school was to enable them to become devoted and religious people, they were taught the importance of such values as honesty and obedience. As a result, they became good students at school and at home and obeyed their teachers. Moreover, they acquired good morals and hence became good citizens. Strength of the Education during the Early National Period One of the strengths of the Education of the Early National period is that so many people were involved in its establishment. Each of these individuals came up with a certain issue concerning education and this led to new developments in education. For example, between 1706 and 1790, Benjamin Franklin contributed a lot to this system of education. He initiated the English Academy in 1942. Separately, Thomas Jefferson advocated for the establishment of new public universities and an expansion of the system of education. Moreover, between 1769 and 1828, Clinton organized a free school society that helped children from poor families to get an education. Lastly, Horace and Baynard helped in establishing common schools (Gordon& Reid, p. 46). Limitation of the Education during the Early National Period One of the limitations of the education of the early national period is that it was gender bias (Gordon and Reid, p. 46). For instance, boys could be allowed to attend grammar schools and even colleges where they could be taught apprenticeship. On the other hand, girls remained at home and were only taught how to take care of the family and become good housewives. Works Cited Gordon, Crews and Reid, Counts. The evolution of school disturbance in America: Colonial times to modern-day . New York: Greenwood Publishing, 1997. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Asthma and Emphysema Analysis Essay Young and co-workers described Asthma and Emphysema as respiratory ailments and in many respects the symptoms overlapped. Asthma is recognized as restricted airflow through air pipes or bronchial. The restricted airway and airway edema could be due to muscular constriction of air pipes and/ or layering of sticky mucus towards inner wall. Typical asthmatic symptoms are breathlessness, wheezing, occasional exacerbations and other airway hyper-responsiveness. Allergens are the principal cause for Allergic asthma. Intrinsic asthma is independent of allergens, due to cold or exercise. Hay fever asthma can be triggered by mast cell degeneration. The early response of asthmatic attack is release of histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandin, leading to airway constriction, blood vessel dilation and mucus buildup. Late responses involve release of interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and platelet activating factor, resulting in adhesion of inflammatory cells – eosinophils and neutrophils towards inner bronchial tissue. Series of oxidative and toxic manifestations lead to upper respiratory tract edema, muscular hypertrophy and mucus plugging (24-30). Emphysema affects the distal parts of air pipes, i.e. the alveolar sacs, which get clogged up due to mucus or phlegm. It is hard to clinically distinguish Asthma and Emphysema as the symptoms are largely similar, although as O 2 supply to the brain reduces and CO 2 concentration goes up, impaired mental ability and blue nail, skin, lips associate with emphysema (Fletcher & Pride 81-85). According to Kinsella and others, etiology of emphysema is often associated with smocking, and this led to the hypothesis that emphysema develops with age whereas asthma is mostly prevalent in children. Much of the diagnostic pulmonary functions like FEV1, FVC, TLC, and DLco etc. also can not differentiate asthma from emphysema. In computer tomography that distinguishes the images of aerated lungs from malfunctioned alveoli; quantitative difference between the two disorders can be obtained. Bronchial wall thickening and fibrosis at different peripheral pulmonary regions is associated with emphysema and not asthma. Increased level of IgE is associated with smocking and is more prevalent in emphysema patients. Another important biomarker associated with emphysema is α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is poor prognosis marker for asthma (286-289). | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
* and reviewing the country’s: + geographical, + demographical , + governmental. Historical Background * Argentina’s territory was discovered in the 16 th century. * Spanish Empire colonized Argentina to extract gold and silver. * 1816 – Argentina became independent from Spain 1 . * Paraguay, Bolivia , and Uruguay were separated from Argentina. * The era of Peronism began after the Second World War. * 1983 – Argentina became democratic * 2016 – Mauricio Macri is the president 2 . Geography Territory of Argentina – 2,780,400 km 2 with 98.4% (2,736,690 km2) of land. Argentina is the 8 th largest country in the world and 2 nd largest country in South America. It borders with: * Bolivia; * Uruguay; * Chile; * Brazil; * the Atlantic Ocean. Climatic zones : subpolar in the south and subtropical in the north 3 . Natural resources: zinc, copper, lead, tin, iron, and manganese. Industrial problems: degradation of soils, forest cover loss, desertification, and air/water pollution. Population of Argentina * Population of Argentina is 43,887,700 people. * 91,8% of the population live in urban areas. * 97% are White. * Annual growth of population is about 0,93%. * Average life expectancy at birth is 77,1 years 4 . * Literacy rates – 98,1 %. * Unemployment rates – 18,3 %. * Religion : + Christianity is dominant, + Roman Catholics (92%), + Protestants (2%), + Judaists (2%), + and other (4%). Government of Argentina * Since 1983 , Argentina is a democratic country 5 . * Argentina is a federal constitutional presidential republic. * The president is chosen every four years. * The main legal document is the Constitution of Argentina. * Legislative branch: the National Congress and the Chamber of Deputies. * Judicial branch : the Supreme Court. * Administrative branch: 23 provinces with local governments and the capital Buenos Aires. * Parties: 11 political parties with a certain influence. Economic Background The main characteristics of Argentina: * natural resources; * large land territory; * numerous agricultural processes; * diverse industrial processes. Argentina is export-oriented: * 51,1% of GDP – the agricultural sector; * 31,6% of GDP – the industrial sector; * 8,8% of GDP – the mining sector; * 8,5 % of GDP – other sectors. Political Instability 2001 – 2002 was the period of certain political , economic , and social crises. The Central Bank canceled the peso/dollar exchange rate that was 1:1. 2002 – GDP was decreased considerably. High poverty rates. People cannot gain control over their financial situations. Economic Recovery President Nestor Kirchner offered several effective policies and steps to promote the recovery of the country in the political and economic spheres. * In 2010, the country experienced considerable improvements. * In 2011, the governmental interventions took place. * In 2012, the foreign reserves were improved. * In 2013, the government gained control over the foreign trade of the country. * In 2015, a new president, Macri , liberalized the country’s economy. Government’s Interventions Macri helped to save the country from a new economic crisis in 2015 and took a number of steps to support its people and develop the required portion of international relations: * stabilization of the economic situation; * control of an unsteady economy; * large volumes of import; * necessity to be export-oriented. GDP * GDP Indicators: + 2013 – $885,2 billion; + 2014 – $862,9 billion; + 2015 – $884,2 billion. * Growth Rate: + 2013 – 2.4%; + 2014 – -2.5%; + 2015 – 2.5%. Poverty Rates * Poverty Rates: + In 2010, 30% of population suffered from poverty. * Inflation Rates: + Since 2010, the rates were not improved. * Public Dept : + In 2015, it continued to grow so that the President decided to liberalize the economy. * Predictions: + Poverty rates and public debts could be reduced during the next year 6 . Conclusion Argentina is rich in: * territorial, * mineral, * social, * economic resources. What Argentina needs is: * effective leadership, * proper management, * time. Reference List 1. Central Intelligence Agency, ‘The world factbook. South America: Argentina’, Central Intelligence Agency , 2016b. Web. 2. Reuters, ‘Argentina lifts currency controls, floats peso in bid to boost economy’, The Guardian, Argentina, 2015. Web. 3. Hobbs, J. J., World regional geography , 6th edn, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, Belmont, 2009, p. 596. 4. Central Intelligence Agency, ‘The world factbook. Country comparison: Life expectancy at birth’, Central Intelligence Agency , 2016b. Web. 5. Levitsky, S.& Murillo, M. V., Argentine democracy: The politics of institutional weakness , The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA, 2005, p. 5. 6. Flannery, N. P., ‘Will Argentina’s economy finally start to recover in 2016?’, Forbes, 2016, para. 1. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The firm’s website is “www.emirates.com”. This airline is part of the Emirates Group. The company is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The airline is the largest in the Middle East. The ‘airline operates over 3,300 flights every week’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 473). It has numerous destinations in over 78 nations. The company has over 50,000 employees. Such workers are obtained from various backgrounds. The rate of employee turnover is very low. However, some workers leave the company in search of better opportunities. The company provides transportation and logistical services. EA’s services satisfy the needs of different clients. The targeted customers include businesspeople, politicians, business managers, and tourists ( Emirates: Hello Tomorrow 2015). Emirates Airline also has a proper management structure. The Emirates Group has a Board of Governors. Emirates Airline is headed by a Chief Executive Officer (CEO). There are ‘several executive vice presidents who monitor different segments such as Human Resources (HR), operations, project and facility management, and services’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 475). EA operates in the global aviation industry. It’s major ‘competitors include British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, and Etihad’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 474). Emirates Airline uses powerful strategies in order to deal with competition. Emirates Airline has performed positively within the past decades. The company ‘generated $24 billion revenues between 2014 and 2015’ ( Emirates: Hello Tomorrow 2015, para. 2). Its cargo department has also been getting numerous revenues. Emirates Airline has formed new alliances with other companies in order to deliver quality services to its customers. Fig 1: Diagrammatic Representation of EA’s Management Structure Innovative Policies and Strategies at Emirates Airline Emirates Airline is one of the leading competitors in the global aviation industry. Emirates Airline embraces ‘modern technologies and ideas in order to support its Services Improvement Strategy (SIS)’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 482). Technological change is used by this company in order to transform its services. The practice has made it easier for Emirates Airline to satisfy the needs of its customers. There are numerous sources of innovation. Some of these sources include technological changes, competitors, employees, and customers. EA also examines every new change in modern technology. The airline company devises new practices that can segment its services. The firm ‘uses such needs to produce quality services and offerings that can improve the level of performance’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 479).The company uses the punctuated equilibrium theory whenever embracing new technological changes. The firm introduces new services for its customers. Such services are configured to support the firm’s goals. The innovative practices embraced at the company supports its product strategy. The company’s ‘core product is the experience of every passenger’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 474). The company uses ‘modern technologies to improve the level of safety and airport proximity’ (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011, p. 478). The firm has also improved its cabin services. Passengers are also provided with current information, communication services, and entertainment. Its planes are ‘equipped with Wi-Fi thus fulfilling the needs of different customers’ ( Emirates: Hello Tomorrow 2015, para. 6). This discussion shows clearly that the demand pull model is used as an innovation process at the firm. Emirates Airline examines the changing needs of many customers. This knowledge encourages the firm to offer customised services. The practice also increases the level of sales. The company encourages different stakeholders to present their incentives. The firm has also introduced loyalty programs in order to attract more customers. Powerful advertisement strategies are used to commercialise the firm’s innovations. Its online presence and e-ticketing strategy continues to support the firm’s goals. Its adverts attract more customers from different backgrounds (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011). EA purchases modern aircrafts in order to offer superior experiences. The above innovative practices and services explains why EA remains one of the leading airlines in the world today. The firm focuses on new practices that can satisfy more customers from diverse backgrounds. Emirates Airline offers customised services thus increasing the level of satisfaction (Nataraja & Al-Aali 2011). These strategies explain why the customers have remained loyal to the company. Recommendations The above analysis shows clearly that Emirates Airline is a pacesetter in the global aviation industry. The company implements appropriate innovation strategies in order to remain competitive. The firm uses new technologies in order to introduce quality services to its customers. The company borrows new practices from its customers, workers, and competitors. The nature of the market also dictates the strategies embraced by the company. EA’s product strategy fulfills the expectations of many customers. EA’s promotional strategy informs more customers about its superior services. The firm has collaborated with different airlines in order to improve the quality of its services. EA’s online presence ‘makes it easier for many customers to book flights, order services, and check timetable’ ( Emirates: Hello Tomorrow 2015, para. 4). These admirable practices continue to make Emirates Airline successful. The airline company can also engage in different corporate social responsibilities (Smith 2010). The strategy will encourage more passengers and stakeholders to support EA’s mission. EA’s innovative strategy should also focus on the dominant design (DD) theory. The theory will ensure the company creates a standard design for everu customer. This theory will reduce the expenses associated with the punctuated equilibrium strategy. List of References Emirates: Hello Tomorrow 2015, < https://www.emirates.com/english/ >. Nataraja, S & Al-Aali, A 2011, ‘The Exceptional Performance Strategies of Emirate Airline’, Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 471-486. Smith, D 2010, Exploring Innovation, McGraw Hill, New York. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
High Speed Railway System and Tourism Market Essay Not so long ago the representatives of the general public started to pay enormous attention to government spending, as it is based on their money received with the help of taxes. Seeing that some initiatives fail to provide an expected advantage, the population tends to question their benefit for the country and require some explanations. It also happens that the criticism starts before the implementation of alteration. The same happened to the USA because of the idea to maintain and develop a high-speed rail network (Darson para. 1). People are already wary of the spending that does not regain itself. As a result, they are willing to receive some evidence that the new system will be beneficial. The fact that the amount of proposed money for the high-speed rail is already almost $80 billion less cannot ensure positive outcomes (Kiely para. 23). Taking into consideration such information, I believe that the program was not efficiently developed, which prevented the government from meeting desired goals and having expected funds. However, in total, the initiative seems to be rather advantageous for the country. It is hard to say whether the obtained investment is good and whether it will be enough for the USA to get on the new level. Still, the country can consider those benefits that will be reached after the implementation, including speed, mobility, and energy savings. The new train system will require new professionals, which means that numerous green jobs will be needed through the USA (US HSR para. 1). It is good for the representatives of the general public, as fewer people will be unemployed. Oil spending will also reduce, which is advantageous for the economy. Moreover, the reduction of its usage is good for the environment. In this way, there will be no necessity anymore to allocate so many military forces to protect oil flow. As a consequence, national security will not be so affected as it is now. The population of the county and tourists will have an opportunity to travel through the USA and to other locations in convenient trains that follow a particular schedule with no delays. Trains also provide an opportunity to reduce congestion on roads. More people will be able to afford traveling due to the ticket price that will be lowered. A new way of transportation will also be much safer as it was statistically proved that the majority of accidents happen when people use cars. I also believe that the implementation of a high-speed travel system will affect my county’s tourism system in a positive manner. Many people treat such trains as a project from the future that can compare with the air industry (Steketee para. 6). Thus, the image of the country improves and tourists got attracted by it (Delaplace, Bazin-Benoit, and Pagliara 6). New trains can entail the occurrence of new routes that are likely to be used by the US population, the majority of which stated that they prefer rail transportation to planes. Train tickets are cheaper than those needed for a plane that is why more Americans and foreigners will travel. The fact that trains are safer will also appeal to the customers. Tourists will also have an opportunity to see some additional sightseeing attractions while traveling. Except for that, more business trips will be maintained, as companies tend to choose both cheap and fast means of transport (Pagliara et al. 190). Works Cited Darson, Lauren. Obama Budget to Include another $8B for High-Speed Rail , 2011. Web. Delaplace, Marie, Sylvie Bazin-Benoit, and Francesca Pagliara. High-Speed Railway System and The Tourism Market: Between Accessibility, Image, And Coordination Tool , 2014. Web. Kiely, Eugene. Biggest Budget Cut in U.S. History? 2011. Web. Pagliara, Francesca, Andrea Pietra, Juan Gomez and Jose Vassallo. “High Speed Rail and the Tourism Market: Evidence from the Madrid Case Study”. Transport Policy 37.1 (2015): 187-194. Print. Steketee, Mike. High speed and high cost: Are We Heading towards a Major Rail Project? 2016. Web. US HSR. Numerous Benefits with Train Systems , 2016. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Reynold Commercial Door Company Essay Table of Contents 1. Overview of Reynold Company and products 2. Company’s vision 3. Objectives 4. Key Individuals 5. Business variables 6. Key problems and issues Overview of Reynold Company and products Reynold Corporation is a renowned family owned professional dealer of quality overhead door equipments. The company that started its operations in 1963 produces top quality garage and door equipments such as sliding doors and electric operators. The products are used in servicing the needs of residential and commercial consumers. Since its inception, the company has recorded a tremendous growth in terms of structural expansion and financial performance. The growth is attributable to its effective management, production of quality items and effective distribution of products. The company’s excellent performance is also attributable to the quality of its workforce, innovation, teamwork and provision of timely services. These elements have been the cornerstone of the company’s success over the years. Indeed, the company operates with a mission to servicing its customers to the best of its ability. Its workers are determined to ensure that customers are satisfied beyond their expectations. This element has enabled the company to record high financial turnover due to high sales and return purchasing. It has also enabled it to establish its business portfolio and build a strong competitive edge over its rivals in the market. This has enabled the company to be recognized as the leading producer and distributor of overhead door servicing equipments globally. Currently, the company has embarked on an ambitious expansion initiative to cover new markets with an aim of expanding its global presence and improving service delivery to its customers. Company’s vision The company’s key vision is to become the leading consulting service agency globally with strong business operating units. This is essential in enhancing customer satisfaction. It also seeks to be the leading distributor of overhead door equipments with an aim of providing unmatched solution to consumers. Objectives 1. To produced customized garage door equipments that matches the needs of customers with limited complications 2. To produce quality items that conforms to the required standards and customer specifications 3. To enhance its market share and performance through adoption of viable strategies that are economically sustainable Key Individuals As noted, the company operates under effective and flexible operating structure that fosters its growth. Its flexible operating structure facilitates coordination of activities, control, organizing and building of viable work groups. In its structure, the company has three levels of operation that include the management, production officials and functional workers. In particular, it has 15 mangers that coordinate activities in all its branches and subsidiary units. They are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that every activity is executed appropriately. The company also has about 250 to 260 employees who are well qualified and hold immense knowledge in the field of electronics. Consequently, it has 30 supervisors whose responsibility is to carryout performance assessment on key business units. Business variables Major business variable that threaten to impede the company’s performance include different customer preferences in terms of product quality, size and efficiency. Other variables include expansion of product portfolio, operating network and enhancement of efficiency in production. These variables are significant since they define the level of performance in any institution. Key problems and issues As noted, the company is currently facing severe challenges and issues that require adoption of favorable operating policies. Firstly, there is lack of favorable working conditions and guidelines that creates less flexibility in operation. The company’s employees are complaining that they are working under unethical restrictions and poor terms of late. The company is also facing a challenge in expanding its business portfolio due to financial implications. Therefore, the company’s management must do everything within their power to mitigate the effects of the challenges. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The primary issue implied the fact that the accounting firm produced a low-quality report of MER’s finances for 2011. Some statements were overestimated, whereas certain assets were almost doubled. The impact that influenced KPMG as a result of the previously mentioned fine led to the obligation of its engagement partner, John Riordan (who is guilty of the false report), to compensate $25 thousand. The following paper will analyze the case with KPMG’s low-quality financial report and explain some tactics that could have been sound and pertinent here. Inferences of Corporate Ethics Indeed, John Riordan appeared to be accountable for the misstatement of MER’s profits and other financial circulations of the company (Shoaib, 2017). However, every employee of KPMG is supposed to be responsible for the management of internal controls. Moreover, every department of the company has to assure the establishment, appropriate documenting, and maintenance of internal controls in every minor operation that this firm does. KPMG is blamed for not providing a high-quality financial report fairly because its employees should control such processes to avoid similar outcomes that make an adverse influence on their corporation as a whole (Shoaib, 2017). It appears that the work of people who made the false report was not under the strict control of their superiors. It is necessary to mention that it is inappropriate to put the blame on one’s auxiliaries when they do not achieve particular goals as managers have to teach them how to cope with similar cases. Ethical Standards The primary ethical considerations of KPMG’s values and leadership that had a significant influence on the situations discussed in the previous sections will be discussed in the given paragraph. To begin with, it is necessary to state that it is inappropriate, unfair, and incorrect to provide one’s customers with false information, regardless of their expectations and attitudes towards collaboration with an accounting firm (Parrino, 2016). Despite one’s financial interest and benefits, accountants are obliged to state only accurate data in their reports as even minor mistakes might lead to significant problems in a client company. Not only will this demonstrate the unprofessionalism of an accounting firm’s workers, but also the incompetency of its leaders. Values that must be inherent in KPMG’s offices include customer satisfaction, the organization’s reputation, colleagues’ careers, and trustworthiness of the company (Parrino, 2016). The absence of several qualities listed above influenced the fine imposed on KPMG and Riordan. Specific Conduct Violations Specific conduct violations were committed by both KPMG and MER. Some of them will be discussed below. Although KPMG employees developed an inaccurate report, they have been provided with certain information by their partners from MER. The latter organization overestimated the value of various assets (Shoaib, 2017). Some of them were counted and recorded as if they were multiplied by two. It is necessary to mention that such an action misinformed financial investors who could lose their resources because of the discussed mistake (Shoaib, 2017). From what has been said above, it appears that KPMG did not adhere to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). According to the standards of PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board), the SEC had all the legal rights to impose a fine on the accounting firm as it miscalculated profits and product returns of MER, which made the company figure on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) list (Defond & Lennox, 2017). Supportive Argument The penalty was imposed on John Riordan. This person occupied the position of KPMG’s engagement partner. The fine is considered to be fair because he consciously neglected certain ethical and professional rules that were discussed in the previous sections of the paper. The termination of Riordan’s collaboration with the accounting firm is appropriate as he did not assess the risks accurately and did not provide competent employees up to MER’s services. Recommendation From what has been formulated above, it becomes obvious that KPMG failed to maintain its internal control system. In contrast, this element must be inherent in any accounting company to avoid similar cases. The ICS must eliminate any attempts of fraudulence among its employees or other partners (Parrino, 2016). Not only this makes a company more trustworthy, but it also reduces a tremendous amount of work that an auditor has to do. Regulative organizations should make unexpected revisions and inspections to various firms they control. Also, it would be beneficial for them to investigate methodologies used in the work of accounting services to identify whether or not their employees follow all professional standards in their operations (Parrino, 2016). Finally, it would be proper for regulators to check a firm’s adherence to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act’s accounting standards. Conclusion To conclude, it is necessary to state that members and partners of accounting firms must realize what their responsibilities are and how they are important for other companies. Indeed, almost all accounting organizations get involved in such unfortunate situations once in a while. Nevertheless, they have to be regarded, addressed and prevented in the future. References Defond, M. L., & Lennox, C. S. (2017). Do PCAOB inspections Improve the quality of internal control audits? Journal of Accounting Research, 55 (3), 591-627. Web. Parrino, R. J. (2016). New compliance guidance by SEC staff signals increased scrutiny of non-GAAP financial measures. Journal of Investment Compliance, 17 (4), 23-33. Web. Shoaib, A. (2017). KPMG fined £4.8m over Miller Energy audit . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Perks of Resource Based View Essay The resource based view of strategy explains that the performance of companies is impacted by the available resources and capabilities. This approach to strategy is advantageous to the firm as it enables managers to prioritize and effectively use the available organizational resources. It is indeed true that resources are scarce and limited. Organizations therefore have to use what is available according to the importance of tasks. This view of strategy enables managers to examine the order of importance of various organizational activities. Based on this list, the manager is able to offer the most important activities the opportunity to utilize resources first. Resources vary from equipment, money, time, personnel and skills. The resource based view forces the managers to strategize on how best these resources can be put to use in their companies. According to the business-level model of entrepreneurship, optimization of resources is very important. Optimization is defined as making the best use of what is available. The purpose of businesses is to make profits (Morris, Schindehutte and Allen 727). Profitability usually depends on the ability of companies to use their resources well. Resources such as time should be managed using schedules and plans of action. Personnel and skills can be managed by human resource management techniques and proper leadership. Equipment on the other hand can be managed through optimization whereby the most important activities are accorded the first chance to use them. This approach increases profitability by increasing effectiveness and efficiency in the use of resources. The resource based approach however undermines the firm’s ability to adapt to change. This approach was developed and widely used many years ago. There are newer challenges in the business environment that make it difficult for managers to achieve profitability simply by properly allocating resources. The corporate-level-model of diversification looks at the interests of the company as a whole on matters such as stability and growth (Rasheed 3). There are many aspects of an organization as a corporate. For instance, professionalism, code of ethics, organizational culture and communication channels are factors that describe the character of corporations. The corporate-level-model of diversification describes how organizations have had to broaden their view on business. There has been the need to diversify the approach to management and use of resources in the current world. Despite this, the resource based view of strategy enables managers to make the best use of what is available despite the hard business environment in which they operate. It is important that resources are allocated to the most important activities so that all crucial matters are taken care of first. This approach however does not react to the changes that occur regularly. Since the environment of today has unique challenges and diversification needs, strategy development should be based on more changeable methods. The resource method limits strategy development to what is available and capabilities that are already there. The current world requires strategies that seek acquisition of new resources and addition of skills and capabilities. In summary, the resource based view should be considered by all managers since all organizations utilize what is available so as to achieve their goals. The resource based view can also help in development of the global strategy. This is because even in the global markets, there is scarcity of resources. Funds limit the ability of organizations to enter new markets, create products and acquire other companies. Implementation of global strategies depends on a company’s ability to optimize on their available resources. Efficiency in the use of resources determines whether a company will successfully implement its global strategies. Works Cited Rasheed, Howard S. “Growth or retrenchment strategy choices for declining Entrepreneurial firms: The effects of performance and resources”. Journal of Business and Entrerpreneurship. 1-20. Web. Morris Michael, Schindehutte Minet and Allen Jeffrey. “The entrepreneur’s business model: toward a unified perspective”. Journal of Business Research. 58(2005): 726–735. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1002583/The_entrepreneurs_business_model_toward_a_unified_perspective | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Determining the Nature of the Investor’s Actions Case Study Table of Contents 1. Determine the nature of the investor’s actions 2. The plaintiff’s arguments 3. Defendant’s arguments 4. The decision Determine the nature of the investor’s actions The investor actions are well within the business ethics. From the word go, his intention is to purchase a business that is on the verge of collapse and using his business management skills, turn it round and hopefully make a handsome profit once he sells it. This would be the goal of any investor and as such, the investor in the case provided has clearly spelt out his goal beforehand. Having identified Cabinet Manufacturing Limited, a firm faced with financial difficulties, the investor then seeks the services of a business consultant so that he can assess how worthy Cabinet Manufacturing Limited is as an investment. This is a crucial move because it would help the investor to determine whether the business would be worthy of his time and money and since he is not a business consultant, he has sought for professional help in the form of a business consultant. The investor then goes ahead and authorizes Harris, a business consultant, to approve the buying of the company’s shares, if at all his investigation indicate that this is a good purchase. Harris recommends that the investor should also engage the services of Danzil, who happens to be a consulting engineer, so that he can assist with determining the condition and value of the company’s equipments. The two discover that Cabinet Manufacturing Limited is a viable business opportunity, as long as the manufacturing processes can be improved further and the equity-to-debt ratio of the company changed. Danzil and Harris establish a corporation and present an offer to purchase the firm to the present owners. They inform the investor that the business is worth $ 3 million but they present the owners with a purchase offer of $ 3.1 which is accepted before the investor can make a second offer. Upon realizing that Harris and Danzil also happen to be the principle shareholders of the corporation whose offer was accepted, the investor decides to sue the two for damages. The plaintiff’s arguments In bringing charges against Harris and Danzil, the investor could argue that the two took advantage of his situation to gain information about Cabinet Manufacturing Limited and upon realizing its business potential they decided to make an offer to purchase it themselves. The investor could also argue that the two business consultants knew all along what the intentions of the investor were, and that they failed to inform him of the actual value of the firm’s shares so that they could gain a competitive advantage with their improved offer. In addition, they presented their counteroffer to that provided by the investor (which was slightly better by the way) within a very short time, without giving the investor time to make a second offer. Defendant’s arguments The defendants could argue that their actions were within the legal framework because they provided the investor with all the information that he needed to know regarding Cabinet Manufacturing Limited. In addition, they could also argue that like any other investor, they saw an opportunity and decided to pursue it. In any case, the current owners of the business were at liberty to accept or reject their offer. They did not prevail on the owners to accept their offer and in any case, they had won after competitive bidding. The decision The two business consultants, Danzil and Harris, were supposed to advise the investor on whether it would be worthwhile to invest in Cabinet Manufacturing Limited. Through their valuation, they were supposed to advise the investor accordingly. However, they got interested in the business when they realized that it would be a lucrative investment and decided to make their offer as well. To this end, their actions were unethical as they did not advise the investor on the true worth of the company, which is why his offer was rejected. They also approached the real owners without the knowledge of their client and this amounts to breaking of client-consultant confidentiality. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Infomercial in OxiClean Ad by Billy Mays Essay Infomercials are television or radio commercials that provide contact number or website to its consumers after the end of an advertisement. Such commercials have three or four significant segments that determine the effectiveness of the commercial. Infomercials provide product demonstration, outline the feature of the good, analyses benefits, and presents evidence of the effectiveness of the material. This paper shall evaluate OxiClean Ad by Billy Mays to help an individual understand these segments OxiClean Ad is an infomercial by Mays , which provides consumers with solutions to stain and dirt removal. The main actor in this commercial is Mays who does all the demonstrations within a period of 2 minutes. Mays begins the advert by demonstrating how OxiClean works. This helps a viewer to understand how the product is used because most people are lazy on following written instructions after purchasing a new product. During the advert, Mays particularly demonstrates procedures of using the product. This can be evidenced by the way the actor scoops one spoon of OxiClean, pours it in a bowl of water and dips a piece of cloth. May proves that OxiClean is color friendly by dipping colored cloths in the mixture. Another demonstration involves wiping stained surfaces using a napkin dipped in OxiClean. Throughout the advert, the actor provides evidence on the effectiveness of the product. The final part involves stating where the product can be purchased and how a consumer can obtain it at a discount. Mays provides consumers with his contact number for any questions and directions on how to make a quick purchase at a discount. This commercial requires consumers to pay attention. This is because bleaching agents can be dangerous when used wrongly. If an advert is not convincing the consumers, engage in counterargument. This can destroy a company’s reputation leading to low sales. In order to avoid counter argument, marketers must be convincing. This can be done through providing demonstrations that prove to a consumer that the product is effective. When a product is being advertised, the actors must use different persuasion styles to convince consumers that the merchandise is worth buying. In this case, Mays uses different marketing principles to convince consumers to purchase OxiClean. During the advert, one can determine that the actor is likeable in terms of demonstrating how the product works. It is vital for buyers to like the person selling a product, which can be in terms of appearance or sense of humor, Mays uses the principle of authority to woo consumers. Basing on the introduction of the advert, May pioneers oneself as a stains specialist. Advertisers should note that consumers believe in authority. This is because a person feels safe when using products from a known seller. In this case, May is known to provide several products that meet consumer expectation. With respect to his popularity, the actor receives attention from different buyers. The number of viewers who stream online to check on Mays adverts can evidence this. The principle of scarcity is portrayed effectively in this advert. In today’s society, the economy requires innovative people. This calls for time management that can allow a person to deal with other things that can help in sustaining a person’s life. In this case, most people demand washing and cleaning detergents that are fast an effective. These detergents are scarce because of their effects. However, May uses this opportunity to demonstrate the effectiveness of OxiClean for people who need a product that is affordable and effective among other detergents. The social proof principle is the ability to prove to consumers that a product sells. Mays advertises may products which gain attention from varied viewers. Another way to tell if a product sells is through analyzing peoples comment on the products website. In the end, all these make infomercials effective. Advertisement Link Original Billy Mays OxiClean Ad from October 2000 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTpXh33Mbeg | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Young Adults in Prison and Behavioral Correction Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Importance of Separate Confinement 3. Long-Term Positive Effects of the Incarceration 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The number of legal cases involving young adult offenders aged between 18 to 25 years has been on the rise (Harvey 6). Although the journey of these young male offenders to adulthood is inseparable from their earlier experiences, it is a paramount stage in their lives with its vital avenue of influence. If this group of youth is helped to move successfully to adulthood, it is most likely to desist from committing further offenses and become better people in their communities. Young male offenders need to be incarcerated in an environment that will support their positive social, physical, and psychological development. Importance of Separate Confinement When young male adults are imprisoned together with adult prisoners, they may not achieve the desired behavioral change. In adult prisons, the young prisoners face various challenges that sometimes make their behaviors even worse. While some of them learn more tactics of conducting crimes from the older inmates, others go through mistreatments such as sexual assault and physical torture, among other challenges (Harvey 131). In prisons confining young adults only, there are specific policies, services, and educational/therapeutic programs that mainly address specific developmental maturity and needs of the youth. Besides, the young offenders have many incentives for encouraging them to change their deviant behavior. The institutions foster autonomy, socially approved values, and norms mentoring and eventually facilitating behavioral changes among the young inmates as well as offering them a conducive environment for positive development (Kolivoski and Shook 1247). The young male offenders are also taught how to counter their negative self-images. Prisons confining adults and young inmates together may lack these learning opportunities for the young offenders. Long-Term Positive Effects of the Incarceration Prisons providing special confinement for young adults use the concept of ‘assisted resistance in their rehabilitative efforts to promote the impetus of their inmates specifically to stop them from further committing offenses (Esperian 316). To achieve this drive, the facilities offer a positive, structured environment for young adults to have positive identities and become resilient in their journey towards leading law-abiding lives. The institutions facilitate talks to the young prisoners by role models who are trusted by various communities and detention centers for motivational support. The courses offered to the young inmates by prisons in special programs help in reducing recidivism in future years. The programs assist them in their personal growth and development. The knowledge and skills derived from prison education programs help young male prisoners to have higher chances of survival when they are out of confinement since they feel more hopeful and determined to overcome life challenges. The programs also assist the inmates in identifying the reasons that led them to commit crimes and guide them on how to overcome such criminal behavior. Therefore, these programs are paramount in reducing future recidivism among young adults and increasing their chances of a successful re-entry into society upon their discharge from imprisonment (Esperian 328). The building and management of prisons cost huge sums of public money. For this reason, a significant reduction in the number of young adult inmates leads to a remarkable decrease in the overall justice system costs to taxpayers. Conclusion In conclusion, in a natural maturing process of young male offenders, effective rehabilitative programs together with a positive, structured environment are some of the essentials of their behavior change. To the young inmates, such provisions act as platforms for turning a leaf and becoming acceptable members of the society. Works Cited Esperian, John. “The Effect of Prison Education Programs on Recidivism.” Journal of Correctional Education, vol. 1, no. 1, 2010, pp. 316-334. Harvey, Joel. Young Men in Prison. Routledge, 2012. Kolivoski, Karen, and Jeffrey Shook. “Incarcerating Juveniles in Adult Prisons Examining the Relationship between Age and Prison Behavior in Transferred Juveniles.” Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 43, no. 9, 2016, pp. 1242-1259. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Spectroscopy as the Detecting Oil Fraud Tool Research Paper The problem of oil fraud remains a global concern that affects the quality of food products and, thus influences the health rates of people across the globe. Therefore, tools for detecting oil fraud have to be introduced into the industry. At present, two approaches are deemed as the most popular ones; these are spectroscopy and chromatography (Jiang et al. 2016; Ali et al. 2018). Because of the efficacy with which spectroscopy allows determining the status of oil and the analysis of its compounds, the specified tool should be recognized as superior in detecting the cases of oil fraud. The use of spectroscopy should be considered as an indispensable strategy for preventing oil fraud since the selected method helps to perform a detailed analysis of chemical compounds in the oil. For instance, the vibration spectroscopy approach allows analyzing the interaction between light and matter to locate the presence of extra elements in oil (Holland et al. 2019; Rohman 2016). Specifically, the ability of the bonds between the atoms to stretch can be assessed to prove the quality of oil (Basri et al. 2017; Da Costa et al. 2016). The vibrations between the molecules provide the quantitative data the measurement of which defines the outcomes of the analysis, making the assessment quite accurate. Since the application of spectroscopy serves to assess changes in the mass of oil, its constituents, and the overall status of the substance, the described tool has to be regarded as a more effective one than chromatography. By applying the spectroscopy tool, one will be able to determine individual molecular spectra that will allow defining the presence of alien elements and, thus evaluating the quality of oil (Trapani et al. 2016). The application of spectroscopy simplifies the process of detecting oil fraud and increases the chances of maintaining consumers’ health rates high. Reference List Ali, H, Saleem, M, Anser, M, Khan, S, Ullah, R & Bilal, M 2018, ‘Validation of fluorescence spectroscopy to detect adulteration of edible oil in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by applying chemometrics’, Applied Spectroscopy , vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 1371-1379. Basri, K, Hussain, M, Bakar, J, Sharif, Z, Khir, M & Zoolfakar, A 2017, ‘Classification and quantification of palm oil adulteration via portable NIR spectroscopy’, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy , vol. 173, no. 1, pp. 335-342. Da Costa, G, Fernandes, D, Gomes, A, de Almeida, V & Veras, G 2016, ‘Using near infrared spectroscopy to classify soybean oil according to expiration date’, Food Chemistry , vol. 196, no. 1, pp. 539-543. Holland, T, Abdul-Munaim, A, Watson, D & Sivakumar, P 2019, ‘Influence of sample mixing techniques on engine oil contamination analysis by infrared spectroscopy’, Lubricants , vol. 7, no. 1, p. 4. Jiang, X, Li, S, Xiang, G, Li, Q, Fan, L, He, L & Gu, K 2016, ‘Determination of the acid values of edible oils via FTIR spectroscopy based on the OH stretching band’, Food Chemistry , vol. 212, no. 1, pp. 585-589. Rohman, A 2016, ‘Infrared spectroscopy for quantitative analysis and oil parameters of olive oil and virgin coconut oil: a review’, International Journal of Food Properties , vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1447-1456. Trapani, S, Migliorini, M, Cecchi, L, Giovenzana, V, Beghi, R, Canuti, V, Fia, G & Zanoni, B 2016, ‘Feasibility of filter-based NIR spectroscopy for the routine measurement of olive oil fruit ripening indices’, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology , vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 1-4. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Historical, Present, and Future Perspectives of the Social Security Program in the US Report (Assessment) The concept of social security system is complex, although understandable under rigorous exertion. Various socioeconomic factors inspired the concept of social security system. This essay discusses the historical, present, and future perspectives of the social security program in the US. The starting point of Social Security lies in anticipation of how an individual or a family sustains income when age encroaches, or disability jeopardizes the capacity to work, when a wage earner dies, or when an employer encounters involuntary unemployment (DeWitt, 2010, p. 1). Every society, through history, encountered this challenge often and developed various strategies to address this issue. The diverse strategies intended to solve this problem were based on the interplay of individual and collective efforts. Private insurance provided a historical basis for Social Security. In the seventeenth century, private insurance was the chief way that the affluent protected their assets, particularly real property. Nevertheless, the notion of insuring against consistent economic hazards and threats was established in the late nineteenth century in a model of social insurance. Social insurance in contemporary industrial societies offers an avenue for mitigating setbacks of economic security. The ideology of social insurance is that, people contribute into a fund scheme controlled by the government, which it uses to reimburse individuals when they become unable to sustain themselves. The U.S. social security system benefits are weighted to allow individuals with lower earnings get higher benefit relative to those with higher incomes. Thus, the system provides progressivity regarding benefits. At the onset of the industrial revolution, the demand for a working social security was inevitable. In preindustrial era, most Americans depended on land for self-employment as farmers, artisans, and laborers (DeWitt, 2010, p. 2). They lived in extended families, which provided the principal form of economic security for unproductive members. Economic security was not a threatening issue in preindustrial America because for people did not live for long due to poor healthcare systems and living habits. Nevertheless, with industrialization came prolonged life expectancy; therefore, the need for new and dynamic strategies for reliable economic security became a necessity. The aforementioned transformation led to the development of many programs to maintain social security of individuals who due to old age or disability reached an endpoint of productivity. The last decade of the nineteenth century saw the conception of Civil War Pension program. DeWitt (2010) observes that, the federal government started to pay benefits to Union War veterans and their living families about the commencement of war (3). The Civil War pension scheme became a genuine social insurance program by the end of the 19th century. This program was valid until 2003 when the last surviving widow of Civil War veteran passed on. In January 17, 1935, the Economic Security Act was proposed and presented to Congress for discussion, which culminated into its enactment into law on August 14, 1935 (DeWitt, 2010, p. 4). Currently, this law is termed as the Social Security, which consists of seven distinct programs. The aforementioned Social Security Act inspired the initial payroll taxes in 1937 and the 1942 introduction of monthly benefits. This represented a form of a vesting period during which the least amount of work will be prerequisite to monthly benefits qualification. In addition, this period provided time to accumulate some level of reserves in the program’s account prior to flow of payments to recipients (DeWitt, 2010, p. 7). The Social Security program, following its conception, was more sensible compared to the current system. The original program reimbursed two types of one-time, huge benefit. An individual approaching age 65 then, would be entitled to payment worth 3.5 percent of his/her covered income, while deceased employee’s estate would get a death benefit computed in a similar manner. Therefore, I would ensure the future of the social security program by adopting the initial strategies, which worked satisfactorily for the benefit of all people. Reference DeWitt, L. (2010). The Development of Social Security in America. Social Security Bulletin , 70(3), 1-27. Retrived from web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Human Impact on Seismic Activity Essay It has been recorded that human activity can directly cause artificial earthquakes, with the numbers of such events increasing every year in proportion to the growth of destructive human impact on the planet. Artificial earthquakes, also known as induced seismicity, have been linked with many human interventions, especially in industrial sectors, such as mining, water pollution, oil and gas fracking, and a multitude of other detrimental activities. However, certain academics note that the presentation of the issue, especially by media and news outlets, is often unrestrained, restricted by a lack of scholarly expertise, or otherwise not entirely honest to the findings. A literature review that analyzed the media attention towards induced seismicity concerning state policy and gas and oil fracking in Ohio, Oklahoma, and Texas. The research found that the exposure was either insufficient or goes beyond the offered data (Fisk et al., 2017). The point has merit as it exposes inadequacies in which the public will perceive the actual impact of induced seismicity, whether the news outlet emphasizes or downplays the issue. In this particular case, the review argues that the induced seismicity origin of human impact is overstated. Researchers and academics may agree that insufficient or incorrect media intervention in the field of induced seismicity is a drawback. Those within the industry of oil and gas fracking may agree with this viewpoint. However, despite the media intervention being inadequate, the review also downplays the impact of human activity on induced seismic activity. It has been frequently cited that activities such as oil and gas fracking do have a connection with artificial earthquakes, and this relation cannot be ignored. Current hydraulic fracking which often occurs in the collection of gases and oil has shown to have higher propensities of seismic events, an essential argument for the relevance of human impact of induced seismicity (Zang et al., 2019). As such, while the literature review makes an essential assessment of wrongful analysis of data in media, it is not reflected in the interpretation of the interconnectedness of human impact on artificial earthquakes. Consulting data that shows the observable interconnectedness of human activity and earthquakes will provide more merit and validity than the prior argument. References Fisk, J. M., Davis, C., & Cole, B. (2017). “Who Is at ‘Fault?’” The Media and the Stories of Induced Seismicity. Politics & Policy, 45 (1), 31-50. Web. Zang, A., Zimmerman, G., Hofmann, H., Stephansson, O., Min, K., & Kim, K. (2019). How to Reduce Fluid-Injection-Induced Seismicity . Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52 , 475–493. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ford Motor Company’s Stock Technical Analysis Report Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. Relative Strength Index (RSI) 3. Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) 4. A simple moving average (SMA) 5. References Abstract One of the essential tenets of investment is a technical analysis of stocks. The process enables investors to determine the movement of prices in the stock market and identify the trends of trade. Moreover, technical analysis provides important information that can be used to make proper investment decisions (Aronson, 2007). This study is based on a technical analysis of Ford Motor Company, which is located in the U.S. The company trades in the New York stock market. The technical analysis of the organization’s stocks will embrace the three common methods outlined as follows: Relative Strength Index (RSI) The relative strength index focuses on the magnitude and velocity of price changes. It is a momentum indicator that enables Ford Company to determine oversold and overbought instances of its stocks. RSI values in the market start from 0 to the highest figure of 100. For instance, if Ford is using the RSI any stock value at 70 is said to have reached the overbought level. In this case, the stocks may be overvalued despite the instances of a pullback. On the other hand, if the asset is marked at the level of 30 it may be undervalued or it may get oversold (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014). This information can be clearly clarified using the graph below. Adapted from (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014) From the graph shown above, the momentum of Ford’s stocks is derived from the ratio of positive price changes to the negative changes in price. At the bottom of the graph, it is evident that the company had an oversold of 30 and an overbought of 70. The neutral point is marked at 50. Any alerts will inform the organization on overbought and oversold by looking at the price movement from the neutral point (Park & Irwin, 2007). Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) Moving average convergence divergence shows the average of moving prices of the organization’s stocks (Aronson, 2007). To calculate Ford’s MACD, it is essential to subtract 26-day EMA from the 12-day Exponential Moving Average. However, the signal line of the chart is derived from a 9-day EMA, which is plotted above the MACD. The signal line provides sell and buy signals. A clear analysis of the MACD must embrace three common concepts. One of the concepts is a dramatic rise, which occurs when the long term moving average moves away from the short term moving average (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014). Crossovers are bearish signals that occur when the signal line goes above the MACD. Divergence occurs when there is a divergence between security price and the MACD (Aronson, 2007). Ford’s MACD is indicated in the graph below. Adapted from (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014). From the graph, the Company’s MACD trends can be analyzed as follows: * Short Term Intermediate-Term Long Term * Tops top1 > top0 top2 > top1 top2 > top0 * Bottoms bottom0 > bottom1 bottom1 > bottom2 bottom0 > bottom2 (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014). It is therefore evident that the organization has no MACD alerts for short term, intermediate, and long term periods. The values are zero for the three periods as indicated in the graph (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014). A simple moving average (SMA) The simple moving average of the company is used to determine to change averages of prices. It is derived from the sum of the past prices for a given period divided by the total number of the prices (Westerhoff, 2005). The company’s SMA can be expressed as in the graph as shown. From the graph shown above, the company’s moving average has been derived for a short term of 5 to 13 days, the intermediate period has been calculated from 20 days, and the long term period has been calculated from 50 days period. Alerts on prices will be received the bullish signals move above or below the 20 days period (Stock Technical Analysis, 2014). References Aronson, D. (2007). Evidence-based technical analysis: Applying the scientific method and statistical interference to trading signals . New York: John Wiley & Sons. Park, C. & Irwin, H. (2007). What do we know about the profitability of technical analysis? Journal of Economic Survey, 21 (4), 786-826. Stock Technical Analysis. (2014). Ford moving average convergence divergence analysis . Web. Westerhoff, F. (2005). Technical analysis based on price-volume signals and the power of trading breaks. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied finance, 9 (2), 227-244. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How Indiscipline Leads to Accidents in the Aviation Industry Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main Body 3. Conclusion 4. References List Introduction Indiscipline is the main cause of accidents not just in aviation transport but also in road transport and factories among other sectors. Failure to adhere to standards and rules governing air transport including laxity on the part of relevant parties has led to the loss of thousands of lives. It is however ironic that although we need to have learned this lesson a long time ago, there are still loopholes in management and coordination in air travel leaving thousands of lives at risk especially with a continuous expansion of air travel. I will look at one case where indiscipline on the part of a captain and fellow co-pilots led to the loss of hundreds of lives. (Kern, 1998) Main Body In this particular case, an air force pilot in charge of wing Standardization made dangerous attempts to show off his skills. This incident occurred on 24 th June 1994 at Fairchild Air Base in Washington State. After taking off, this pilot in charge made a dangerous 90 degrees wing movement intended to show off although the lane that he was flying was outside such parameters. This was followed by a crash and the death of all on board. This particular case shows how indiscipline by the lieutenant pilot that was in charge and lack of leadership and intervention by fellow pilots led to fatalities. This is something that is still happening in the aviation industry today endangering millions of lives. Although records had shown that this particular pilot had made many other illegal and risky decisions, nothing was done by relevant organs precipitating this particular incident. (Kern, 1998) Why is it that no action was taken against this lieutenant after making such earlier mistakes? There is a great possibility that there is no effective monitoring mechanism in the air force. These incidents could therefore have gone without resorting to high decision-making organs. Personalization of affairs in the air force where acquaintances and friendship matter more than professionalism can also explain why no action was taken against this lieutenant. It is important to notice that this particular pilot held a high rank of a lieutenant and was in charge of wing standardization meaning that he must have been acquainted with very high-ranking officials in the air force. (Kern, 1998) With his rank in the air force, this lieutenant must have held some clout of authority and decision-making. He must have chaired important meetings that made decisions that affected the lives of the whole air force in general. This explains why fellow crewmen overlooked his earlier mistakes partly because they must have been afraid of him and desired to be on good terms with him because of his clout. To be in charge of wing standardization, this particular pilot must have gone for specialized training and must have been in charge of training. This meant that fellow pilots must have felt inferior to him and therefore felt no need to report earlier mistakes. (Dekker, 2005) Because of his positions, the lieutenant held formal and informal authority. This is even made worse by the fact that there is a particular hierarchy in the air force meaning that the lieutenant peers or people below him in rank were the ones required to take decisions against the lieutenant. This played to the lieutenant’s advantage making it very difficult to deal with his mistakes. (Dekker, 2005) It can be seen that failure to take necessary actions against this lieutenant led to the loss of many lives in the end. It would have been appropriate if earlier incidents by the lieutenant would have been reported. Investigations on the incidents would then have been launched. This should then have prompted disciplinary measures against the lieutenant and any other person that would have been found guilty of omitting responsibility like a failure of reporting indiscipline. Nearly all of the earlier incidents on indiscipline can only be described as gross like flying directly over an air show crowd on May 19, 1991. One can only imagine a potential catastrophe that can occur from such actions. Such indiscipline warrants immediate expulsion from flying activities and the air force besides a long jail term. This should have been done within a framework that would have provided hearing and prosecution by relevant justice systems in the airfare. If such measures had been taken, then the precious lives of the crew onboard the demised flight would have been preserved besides deterring other officers from trying such dangerous gimmicks. (Risukhin, 2001) Conclusion Indiscipline remains the major cause of all accidents including air accidents in the world. It is very sad to note that the lack of an effective mechanism of monitoring, evaluating and disciplining pilots and other people in command of flights still exists in our world today. It is very important for the whole aviation industry including the air force to strengthen and improve this mechanism for our air space to be even safer. References List Dekker, S. (2005). “Ten Questions about Human Error” Human Factors in Transportation . Routledge. Kern, T. (1998). “ Flight Discipline” . McGraw Hill Professional. Risukhin, V. (2001). “Controlling Pilot Error” Automation . McGraw-Hill Professional. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Parental Disclosure of Artificial Conception Essay Modern medicine has advanced significantly in the methods of artificial conception, and today, almost any couple can give birth to a child if an appropriate method is applied. From a wide variety of practices, medical specialists, as a rule, choose the one that best suits the physiological characteristics of a particular pair or one of the partners. For instance, according to Steinberg, “the most common treatment for male infertility is artificial insemination,” and for women, specific fertility drugs are prescribed to stimulate ovulation (66). Also, there are alternative methods, for example, surrogate motherhood that is a common practice among those couples who are not able to have children and are forced to resort to the help of third parties. One of the most advanced techniques is in vitro fertilization that implies conception separately from the uterus. All these approaches help many couples to overcome their difficulties and become parents. Although all the aforementioned practices of artificial insemination can solve a number of difficulties, they may entail some ethical nuances. In particular, one of the essential issues is the need to tell a child about the method of his or her conception. Certainly, the advantage of such a decision is parents’ sincerity and trust towards the son or daughter. Nevertheless, the consequences of the revealed truth may be severe. For example, a child who has learned that he or she was bred by another woman or was conceived outside a mother may feel inferior, which, in turn, is fraught with psychological trauma. The desire to separate oneself from parents and reject the human origin is one of the probable consequences of such knowledge. In order to avoid this threat, it is crucial to take into account the peculiarities of each individual child in order not to injure his or her psyche and live happily, despite the method of fertilization. Work Cited Steinberg, Laurence, et al. Development: Infancy Through Adolescence . Cengage Learning, 2010. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Snowstorm Causes Accidents In North Dakota Essay A sudden snowstorm surprised the North Dakota area on Monday morning, causing many accidents around the area. One of the accidents had happened at around 9:40 a.m. at Interstate 94. “Two cars and a truck wrecked at about 9:30 a.m. and left motorists stuck on the highway for 70 minutes,” Lieutenant Bob Boone, the Fargo Fire Department spokesman reported. This was evident with the many cars packed up half a mile on both sides of the scene. At the scene were two fire engines, a water-tanker truck, a rescue squad, a paramedics unit, a tow truck, and state and county troopers. Boone confirmed that the truck driver got minor injuries but was rushed to MeritCare medical Center. John Washburn, an undergraduate in a local university, was lucky to remain uninjured after driving into a mailbox. He reported that he had just pulled off his snow tires the previous week. “The ground froze fast last night when it was near zero. The concrete was so cold this morning that instead of melting, the snow turned to ice,” said Dotty, who witnessed the accident. A 68-year-old woman died on impact when her vehicle slammed into a mailbox. There were no witnesses to the accident. On a separate incident, students taking driving lessons collided but remained unharmed. However, the driving instructors suffered broken bones. The National Weather Service at Fargo’s Hector International Airport reported about the source of the snowstorm. The forecasters had only expected mere flurries. Boone reported that the accidents occurred since the drivers had removed their snow tires. In total, sixty vehicle accidents occurred between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Appearance and Reality in “The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Necklace 3. Appearance vs. Reality in The Necklace 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The Necklace can be considered one of the most significant and well-known works of Guy de Maupassant. The author wrote this short story in 1884; it was published in the same year for the first time. The Necklace presents an ironic ending, which is a distinct feature of de Maupassant’s writing style. This paper discusses the problem of appearance and reality presented in the story, as well as conveys de Maupassant’s idea behind its ending. The Necklace The story tells the reader about Mathilde Loisel, who has always wanted to be an aristocrat and follow an upper social class lifestyle. She dreams about wearing expensive clothes and having beautiful dresses and jewelry. Her dreams are a significant part of her life, and she is ashamed of her current social position and the house she has to live in. Mathilde’s husband invites her to the Ministry of Education party, and she decides to borrow a fancy necklace from one of her friends to attend this important event. After the party, the woman realizes that she had lost the necklace and tries to replace it, paying 40,000 francs for a similar and falling in debt for the next ten years. A decade later, the woman accidentally meets her friend again, who tells Mathilde that the piece of jewelry was fake and not worth much money. Appearance vs. Reality in The Necklace One of the major themes of the story is the difference between appearance and reality. From the beginning of the story, the reader can feel that Mathilde is irritated with her appearance and distressed with “the poverty of her apartment” and the reality she has to live in (De Maupassant 31). The woman is envious of other people, who live in houses with fine furniture, wear expensive clothes, and eat delicious food. She feels like she does not belong to her social class and is born into it by mistake. When Mathilde’s husband invites her to the party, the woman realizes that her appearance is different from the looks of its attendees. She imagines elegantly dressed people whose wealth radiates through their expensive clothes. Mathilde’s friend, Ms. Forestier, also belongs to the high class in the woman’s eyes, as she has many fine pieces of jewelry. At the party, Mathilde’s appearance becomes a success, as everyone seems interested in her. She sees that all those wealthy people she has always envied treat her as if she belonged to their social class. However, de Maupassant wants to tell the reader that appearance does not mean anything and that envy has its price. Mathilde learns that the necklace was a fake, which means that nothing that the woman had believed is true. Expensive-looking dresses and jewelry, as well as individuals’ appearance, cannot tell others anything about their wealth. They only show how much effort a person puts in preserving their social position. By adding an ironic twist, the author shows that the classist attitude may be dangerous (Kuhn 18). He conveys the idea that appearances may be significantly different from reality, and it may be harmful to an individual to believe otherwise. Conclusion The Necklace is a notable piece of literature that conveys an important idea. It shows that perceptions based on other people’s appearances may differ from reality. One should not envy others because they seem wealthy or have a better social status. The outcomes of such misconception may result in negative outcomes, as it happened for Mathilde Loisel because she thought that the necklace was authentic. Works Cited De Maupassant, Guy. The Necklace and Other Short Stories. Dover Publications, 1992. Kuhn, Gielle. Exploring French Short Stories: Guy de Maupassant’s Writing Style and Social Justice. 2016. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In the nineties, the genre of reality shows started to gain popularity very quickly. The producers predicted that reality television is going to have global success. This genre was relatively new to the audience of 1998; this is why the film “The Truman Show” appeared, it reflected the common fascination towards the reality television in the society of that time. The film highlights all the standard features of the reality show including the advertisements. The placement of various products in movies and TV shows is a highly effective technique of advertising. “The Truman Show” demonstrates the obvious and hidden advertisements in the reality show. Both types of advertisements are used to create a certain product image for the audience, who are also potential consumers. Advertisement breaks on TV are often skipped by the viewers, while when the advertisement is placed right in the middle of the film it becomes impossible to skip. Besides, the audience of Hollywood movies and shows is known always to be huge; this provides a guarantee that millions of people all over the world are going to see the advertisement for the product. The list of products advertised in “The Truman Show” is quite long. The techniques of attraction the potential buyers in these advertisements are various. For example, different goods get promoted by the characters, to which the potential buyers of these goods would relate to the most. “The Chef’s Pal”, “Mococoa” and “Macaroni” are presented by Meryl Burbank, a typical wife, the beer is advertised by Marlon, a typical “good friend”, a collective image of an average beer lover, the magazine called “Dog Fancy” is mentioned by a lady holding a dog. All of the products are advertised in the responding surroundings so that each time the product is placed into the movie scene it looks like a fully developed standard advertisement on TV. When in the movie Christoff says that “we accept the reality of the world with which we are presented”, this means that unconsciously every one of us would love to live in the world with the ideal reality that is depicted in the popular shows (The Truman Show, 1998). All of the fake realities presented on TV possess some mesmerizing kind of charm for the audience. The viewers want to be like the characters of the shows, wear clothes of similar style, have the same haircuts, drink the same beverages, and eat the same food. This is why product placement is so effective in films and shows. Humans tend to have a strong desire to escape the reality they do not like, and almost no one is fully satisfied with the world they live in. People try to alter their reality to make it more like the world they observe on TV, forgetting that the TV world is fake and artificially created by the producers, that this world is designed to cause even bigger escapist desire in the minds of the audience. The reality shows popular today such as Top Model, Big Brother, or the Kardashians have little in common with the actual world, but they possess several things that most people dream about – beauty, money, fame, love, adventures, memorable events, traveling, beautiful locations. These realities are designed to attract and encourage the audience to desire the TV life that practically is unachievable because it is made up. Reference List Feldman, E. S. (Producer) & Weir, P. (Director). (1998). The Truman Show [Motion picture]. United States: Scott Rudin Productions. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The World Wars’ Consequences for European Countries Essay Chapters 31 and 32 from the book by Perry et al. (2015) describe the important social stages of the 20th century, namely the period after World War I, the events of World War II, and their consequences for European countries. The information provided reflects the full picture of the situation in Europe and all the prerequisites that led to the rise of Hitler’s power, the growth of his authority, and the final defeat due to the efforts of the allies. This part of the book details the sequence of events that led to the unfolding of the bloodiest war in human history. The policies of the strongest powers of the time, including Britain, France, and the USSR, are described in the context of countering the German threat. The narration is conducted in chronological order, which allows all the key prerequisites and reasons for the attack by the German army on Poland, the USSR, and other countries of the anti-Hitler bloc. As a result, by the end of Chapter 31, the reader has a complete understanding of why Europe was drawn into the war. Chapter 32 describes the main consequences of World War II, including territorial changes, the reallocation of forces, and methods for overcoming the crisis. The struggle for world domination is mentioned, including the growing tension between the USSR and the United States and the prerequisites for the development of the Cold War. The role of victory is seen against the backdrop of the social and political difficulties that Europe faced after the defeat of Hitler’s army. The instruments of pressure from different states are described, and these factors allow obtaining a complete picture of how World War II changed the course of modern history, including not only geopolitical but also social aspects of life. Reference Perry, M., Chase, M., Jacob, J., Jacob, M., & Daly, J. W. (2015). Western civilization: Ideas, politics, and society (11 th ed.). Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Chaos in Theatre’ Play Analysis Essay Reasons Why the Play Failed ‘Chaos in Theatre’ is a play that portrays the challenges that actors, producers and other stakeholders face when preparing to present plays. This is a good illustration that gives a glimpse of the torturous journey producers and actors experience before producing a play. Theatres are known to present classical work that portrays the themes, plots, characters and styles used by various writers in their works. However, in this case things do not turn out as expected since the planned presentation fails due to the death of one main actor. It is necessary to note that the play has not yet been staged but it is still in its final rehearsal stages. It can be concluded that the planned rehearsal was the final attempt to streamline all stage aspects to ensure the characters present a faultless play. However, the death of Gastino throws the whole cast in disarray and interferes with their final rehearsal. In addition, Thierry is more concerned with drinking than rehearsing and thinks that the drink will ease his tension during rehearsal. There are misunderstandings and confusions regarding various stage presentations. Whose Leadership Might Be Blamed for the Chaos in this Theatre, and Why? Most of the blame lies squarely on Thierry for his dictatorship and lack of wisdom in executing various functions. He does not consult anyone before deciding which names to use in the play; instead, he decides that all actors must use their real names and not the stage names as shown in the play. He does not want anyone to challenge his opinion and also makes his decision to be final instead of consulting other actors before making this decision. Dan is also to blame for letting his colleague die at his hands. He could have saved him by calling emergency services soon after he realized that Gastino was unable to resurface in the pool. However, he waited for about two minutes before calling for assistance and by this time Gastino was already dead. Ethical Leadership Principles to Explain the Failure of the Play Doctor Thierry is a dictator who thinks that he knows and understands issues more than all other characters in the play. He is not ready to listen to anyone who has a different opinion. A good leader must always accommodate opinions and suggestions from other people and allow negotiations to pave way for agreements (Bluhm and Heinemann 2006). However, Thierry is not ready to stomach this and wants to make his statements stand as the final word. In addition, a good leader must delegate duties to other people. However, he is not ready to see any person performing a role that he thinks suits him. He wants to be at all places at the same time and do all things simultaneously. In addition, a good leader must always be humble and not let his authority supersedes his actions and moral principles (Bluhm and Heinemann 2006). He makes irrational decisions and does not want any person to challenge his actions. The Relationship between the Power of the Leading Actor of the Play and Leadership Ethics Poor leadership ethics are demonstrated by Thierry as he tries to interfere with the rehearsal by changing scripts, directions, names of characters and introducing new issues in the play. The leading actor fails to show leadership skills that would have been necessary in ensuring the rehearsal becomes successful. The characters struggled to rehearse the play due to the time limit and influences from the leading actor. Reference Bluhm, W. and Heinemann, R. (2006). Ethics and Public Policy. Methods and Cases. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Role of the Assessment in Education Essay Assessment is a process that is measurable in terms of knowledge, skills, beliefs and attitudes. Assessment as a process involves coming up with an evaluative process that is measurable, objective and achievable. In the learning process, assessment takes both curricular and extracurricular activities that are geared towards producing an all rounded student. Education assessment takes two distinct categories. Mostly, these are summative or formative. Summative assessment is done at the end of a course or academic term and is mostly geared towards awarding a grade or as means towards evaluating students’ progress so that they can proceed to the next level. On the other hand, formative assessment is carried out throughout the learning process and it aids the learning process through gauging the students’ understanding and competence in the subject content. Formal assessment takes a standardized format, this type of assessment is mathematically computed, calculated and analyzed to give precise data of the assessment, and it takes the form of percentile and standard scores. In formal assessment, the teacher gives all the students a test on a similar theme. Mostly, this is done in reading and writing tests. The objective of formal assessment is to establish and evaluate systematically each student’s response of the theme in respect to the instructions given. This allows for flexibility in terms of the learners’ response. Formal assessment comes in handy in the classroom environment as the teacher is able to formulate out-of-level test to determine the student progress throughout the learning progress. Formal assessment basically allows a teacher, parents and the administrators to have two points of comparison; the rate of student growth over time and the level of student performance (Sweet, 1993). On the other hand, Informal assessment forms part of the authentic assessment. It takes various forms from common classroom activity like assignments, literature discussion groups, and essays to more dynamic forms of assessment like experiments, individual projects, performance and demonstrations. Unlike the formal assessment where data is readily computed, informal assessment calls for teachers to create a check list to record their observations and gauge it so as to allocate marks to it. According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, (2004), informal assessment in education allows teachers to be able to equalize or standardize the students’ performance in this view, some student are not particularly good in writing essays, but are good at giving presentation. Informal assessment is open and flexible in the manner that it can be made formal if the teacher gives guidelines and criteria to the subject topic. Standardized tests according to analyst are fair and objective means for measuring student performance. Standardized tests allow for accountability for both students and teacher in their performance. In testing students’ literacy strengths, standardized tests come in handy for teachers as they are able to formulate tests based on the available data from previous formal assessments. These allow teachers to benchmark the performance of the learners. However, some people are of the view that standardized tests are biased in that students are gauged on a particular theme of an entire learning process whereas it should focus on each student’s sphere of interest and intellect. Standardized tests should not only focus on classroom academics, but should have a facet in general knowledge. (National Centre for Education Statistics, 2009) Reference National Center for Educational Statistics. (2004). National assessment of educational progress. Web. National Centre for Education Statistics. (2009). institute of education science. U.S. Department of education. Web. Sweet, D. (1993). Performance assessment. Office of Education Research Consumer Guide. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. History and the concept 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Extreme sports have always attracted people by promising them a chance to experience new emotions and to get a true adrenaline rush. Nowadays skydiving is one of the most popular extreme activities in the world. People include it in their must-do lists as a symbol of a true challenge both to their physical skills and spirit. However, some consider going in for skydiving too thoughtless due to the high risks the sport implies. History and the concept To begin with, the history of skydiving might seem completely unexpected as the appearance of this sport dates back to 90 B.C. when the first parachuting attempts were made in China. The use of the parachute, which had a form close to the one we know, today first happened at the end of the seventeenth century in France. At that time, it performed a safety function for balloonists who ventured their lives traveling in hot air balloons despite the high accident frequency ( The History of Skydiving, 2015). Today skydiving has turned into a real sport with its rules and regulations. Some people, though, regard it as a hobby and a perfect opportunity to escape the routine. As well as every sporting activity, skydiving has its advantages and disadvantages. The benefits of skydiving are varied and numerous. The sport makes a positive contribution both to one’s physical and mental conditions. First of all, being extremely risky, the activity serves as an ideal source of stress relief. The experienced adrenaline rush releases the tension of the mind and muscles. Secondly, although, a sky-jump is a serious challenge to one’s courage, its overcoming makes a person more confident. After facing the fears, people start believing in their abilities. Moreover, skydiving is a very spectacular sport. As far as the decision is made, and the divers have finally jumped, all the preceding difficulties are made up with a breath-taking view beneath the sportsmen. Some divers claim that the sight of the Earth from above is capable of changing a person’s mindset. One stops being afraid of life’s uncertainty and gets rid of unnecessary prejudice ( The Health Benefits of Skydiving, 2014). Nevertheless, despite all the favorable points mentioned above, the sport has its drawbacks as well. Like all extreme sports, skydiving requires some preliminary training so that a sportsman is in the proper physical condition for the jump. Even though no serious medical restrictions are referring to the sport, one is advised to test his heart condition before taking it up. However, the gravest disadvantage of skydiving is, definitely, its riskiness. A self-command loss or equipment failure can lead to deplorable consequences varying from severe injuries to fatal outcomes. For this reason, every person willing to go in for skydiving is obliged to attend special courses and to pass a relevant examination. This preparation is supposed to prevent possible accidents in the sky. Conclusion In conclusion, one should admit that skydiving is an utterly specific kind of sport, at least, because it is performed high above the Earth. Taking up this activity is an important decision that demands careful consideration and maturity. A person is to be ready to bear responsibility for his actions in order not to endanger anyone’s life. Meanwhile, the impressions one is likely to get from the first jump promise to be unforgettable. References The Health Benefits of Skydiving . (2014). Web. The History of Skydiving. (2015). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Religious Prosecutions in North Korea Essay In many countries, religion is still a very sensitive topic that might lead to severe violations of human rights and dignity. North Korea is particularly notorious for its oppressive political regime where people have virtually no civil rights and freedom to express their faith. According to the laws, North Korea does not prohibit any religions; however, in reality, most beliefs are being actively persecuted (Burkle, 2020). Linda Burkle (2020) explains that Christians are some of the most oppressed groups in North Korea. As a result, Open Doors 2020 World Watch List declared North Korea as the worst country to live in for Christian people (Burkle, 2020). Christians are being transferred to labor camps and prisons, while approximately 200,000 Christians have also gone missing for “unknown reasons’ ‘ (Burkle, 2020). Even acquiring sacred texts is impossible and might lead to imprisonment and torture. Unfortunately, other nations do not interfere in North Korea’s internal affairs due to immense differences in political regimes and the possibility of a war. The North Korean government is widely known for its inhumane laws and policies while holding significant military potential and nuclear weapons. That is why other nations attempt to achieve a diplomatic solution and do not interfere with religions within the country. Concerning reasoning, North Korea prosecutes Christians due to the government’s belief that religious people undermine national values and integrity. North Korea emerged after World War II and gradually increased the severity of political control. As a result, for more than 70 years, the North Korean government has been actively prosecuting religious groups and, specifically, Christians to mitigate the spread of freedom. It is an unjust policy, but, unfortunately, other nations cannot do much to help oppressed religious people in North Korea. Reference Burkle, L. (2020). North Korea’s secret Christians . Persecution. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In this context, the topic of soft power becomes critical since it involves the process of influencing other nations’ preferences and attitudes through the dissemination of various cultural values. The tools used in soft power strategies may include the popularization of traditional foods, customs, and pop culture. The topic chosen for the final research paper is Soft Power: Korean Pop Culture. The primary reason for choosing this topic is that K-pop and other aspects of Korean culture have become increasingly popular around the globe, which sparked people’s interest in other aspects of Korean culture. Therefore, it is assumed that Korean pop culture can be used to exemplify the concept of soft power and outline its function in the contemporary world. Asian countries play an important role in the contemporary political and economic environment. Nevertheless, until the 20th century, most Asian countries did not have well-established relationships with other nations. This enabled Asian nations, including Korean, to maintain a strong sense of national identity and preserve their authentic cultural values. Globalization made it more difficult for Korea to seclude its culture from the rest of the world and encouraged the country to build strong relations with other nations. Korean pop culture assisted the nation in earning a distinctive place on the global sociocultural stage due to its immense popularity in other countries (Iwabuchi 423). The final research paper will seek to examine the role of Korean pop culture as a soft power influencing global attitudes toward and perceptions of Korea. The research will provide a deeper understanding of the cultural processes involved in globalization and their effect on different nations of the world, including Asian countries. Work Cited Iwabuchi, Koichi. “Pop-Culture Diplomacy in Japan: Soft Power, Nation Branding and the Question of ‘International Cultural Exchange’.” International Journal of Cultural Policy , vol. 21, no. 4, 2015, pp. 419-432. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Existence of Ghosts Essay In the traditional cultural beliefs, a ghost is universally thought of as the spirit or soul of a dead person. It could even be that of an animal, which can appear to the living in different manifestations. In every culture, people believe that ghosts exist, which is certainly true, except that their description differs. Ghosts may manifest in realistic, life-like visions or even as an invisible presence. They could as well be manifested as wimpy shapes. Those do not believe in the existence of ghosts can only be thought of as living in an ideal world. We have witnessed or heard stories of ghosts haunting particular people or locations associated with them when they were still alive. Ghosts are known to exist because there have always been evidences of them communicating with people directly or even in dreams. In the Bible, which forms an integral part of lives of all Christians, it is documented that spirits spoke to Jesus when he wanted to cast them, asked him why he wanted to interfere with them while his time was not yet, and begged him to drive them into a herd of pigs. Jesus answered them and said “Go!” and they left the two men whom they had controlled for years and instead went into the pigs. These scriptures, along with many other scriptures in the Bible, are a clear proof of the existence of ghosts. They existed even before what we now call the modern world and they are still there since people die every day and transform into ghosts. It is something we just cannot assume that does not exist. They have powers in the spirit world, time and again, we have witnessed circumstances of spirits controlling certain aspects of life activities and our lives. There have been several instances of ghost activities or people meeting and talking to ghosts. Although some people tend to dismiss such stories or events, I believe that it is just a matter of time before they experience such instances before they come to believe that ghosts exist. Some people who have walked through cemetery lands in the dark have always had memorable experiences. Some of them have been chased by ghosts from the cemeteries or have heard voices of invincible beings talking to them or talking on their own. There have been instances of people who have encounters with ghosts being mentally disturbed or ill, and in some cases, developing complications which can not be diagnosed or explained scientifically. Some people, who to me, pretend to be living in an ideal world, have tended to explain the existence of ghosts as being in the minds of people, and therefore to them, people react according to what they believe in their minds. Such perceptions are certainly not true. For example, in my Junior High School, students would wake in the morning only to find their pair of shoes missing from under their beds, but later find their well polished shoes in the lavatories. According to the history of the school, a catholic nun had died while teaching in the mission school and therefore her spirits have returned to haunt those in the school. If anybody was to dismiss the existence of ghosts in my former school, how would they explain such instances? How do they explain the presence of over 20 pairs of well polished shoes in the lavatory, against the knowledge of their owners? Again, we have always had black spots along the major roads. Most of the drivers interviewed after accidents in the black spot areas have always reported having seen somebody cross the road or standing in the middle of the road and in attempts to avoid hitting the person, the vehicle overturned or something like that. How do you explain such incidences? We have also constantly witnessed pastors or men of God rebuke spirits out of ailing people. They sometimes speak to them, and while some spirits would reply, some would just go away, and in the event, the person gets healed. How then does anybody dispute the fact that ghosts exist? What would explain the sickness of such a person; obviously his or her sickness had resulted from the control by spirits. It is under the same ideology that spirits exist that witchdoctors operate. Many people including patients have consulted witchdoctors to get healed or to seek some favors, which they have always found through the witchdoctors communication with ghosts. People should therefore understand that ghosts are real and that they exist. They have even been recognized by God as demonstrated by works of Jesus. They have supernatural powers and can control our lives or events in our lives. They are able to see, communicate and control every being in the world, including those who pretend that ghosts do not exist. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Problem of Smoke-free Campus Argumentative Essay Over the past, smoking has posed a big danger to the community. Many people have become victims of smoking both directly and indirectly. The people who are affected directly are the smokers themselves while those who are affected indirectly are the people who stay near the people who smoke. Smoking therefore poses a very big problem especially to people who live as a group or as a community. In campus, the issue of smoking has been a major problem. This is due to the risks associated with smoking to the students as well as the workers. However, the issue of whether smoking should be outside or inside the campus has been controversial. Discussion From my point of view, smoking should completely be barred from all public places where people are mixed up. This is because smoking has been found to affect both the smokers as well as those staying around them. Therefore, when smoking is carried out inside the campus, those people who are non-smokers will also be affected. Some will even be forced to move away from the places like entertainment halls in case someone smokes around them. This denies them their right as individuals. In other words, people should smoke outside the campus to avoid interfering with other people’s lives. Another reason why people must smoke outside the campus is to avoid peer influence into smoking activities. Peer influence is one of the main ways through which people are ‘recruited’ into smoking. Therefore, by allowing smokers to interact with non-smokers while smoking in campus, this may cause non smokers to adopt the vice. Thus, people should smoke outside the campus to avoid such temptations. Also, smoking is closely associated with abuse of other drugs like cocaine. Most of the people who smoke are also victims of other drugs. Therefore, banning smoking within the campus will still be preventing the spread of other drugs’ abuse among the campus students. In the same way, banning smoking within the campus will make smoking a burden to the smokers. This is because they will be forced to move outside the campus every time they want to smoke. In the long run, this may encourage the smokers to quit smoking. Smoking in the campus will expose every person residing in the compound to secondary smoke. That is, both students and workers who work around the campus. Smoking has been associated with very many diseases. For instance, smoking has been a major cause of lung cancer. Smoking is also associated with other breathing and the general respiration system complications. Therefore, smoking within the campus increases the cases of illnesses. Consequently, this increases health care service costs incurred by institutions in treating students and other workers within the campus. Most of the people suffering from the lung cancer are smokers. Therefore, smoking outside the campus protects non smokers from acquiring such illnesses. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that smoking in campus is very dangerous. Many problems can be avoided by banning smoking within the campus. For instance, it will be possible to protect non smokers from illnesses associated with smoking. It will also be possible to protect non smokers from the temptation of engaging themselves in the vice. Therefore, smoking should be abolished from within the campus by designating smoking zones outside the campus. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Canada’s Municipal Spending Watch in 2014 Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses and Suggestions 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Carrying out an analysis of consumerism trends in a specific society is an essential step towards designing tools for reducing inflation rates within the specified area, as well as identifying the key threats to and opportunities for the local economy. An overview of the Canada’s Municipal Spending Watch (Gormanns, 2014) shows that, while increasing together with the overall amount of the Canadian citizens, the overall spending rates are still dangerously high. Analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses and Suggestions While the next issue to discuss might seem a nitpick, it still points at an obvious flaw of the report that may lead to further misconceptions and, therefore, the location of an improper strategy for addressing the problems raised. Particularly, the fact that the study takes little to no account of the stabilisation fund and its further role in the state economy deserves to be mentioned. On the one hand, Canada may not necessarily need a stabilisation fund, as no major natural resources such as oil can be located within the state. On the other hand, Canada does have a range of assets that need to be protected from financial crises and, therefore, require the enhancement of the role of the stabilisation fund. By omitting the subject matter, the author makes the report incomplete. It seemed reasonable that the author focused on the key changes that occurred in the financial landscape of the state over the past few years, such as the introduction of the municipal pension reform into the framework of the state’s operations. Despite the fact that the above-mentioned innovation is only in its conceptualising stage at present, it has already had its toll on the overall course of the state economy, which the report stresses in quite an obvious manner: “Last February, the Quebec (provincial) government proposed legislation that would require municipalities to restructure their pension plans under certain conditions” (Gormanns, 2014). In addition, the fact that the report addresses the employment issue in the target area should also be recognised as a very valid point to make. By highlighting the employment issues, the authors of the report link the economic and the social issues that can be observed in the target society. Particularly, the connection between the social challenges and the economic ones can be drawn. Apart from the above-mentioned issue, the analysis of growth in the number of jobs, including both municipal and the ones suggested by private entrepreneurships helps view the scope of the Canadian private business development, i.e., the success and promotion of the local SMEs. Therefore, by shedding light on both positive and negative aspects of the financial policy and the budget allocation that the Canadian authorities designed for 2014, the report provides a rather objective analysis of the key factors that defined the economic growth in Canada in 2014. The author’s decision to include the information concerning the correlation between the overall spending trends in Canada and the increase in the number of the Canadian citizens seems a very legitimate step to make, as the further changes in the demographics of the state may serve as the key determinants for the identification of the changes in the spending rates within the state. Consequently, the report provides an essential remark concerning the future of the Canadian economy and the location of the strategies that will help address the existing issues within the state. From the perspective of a small business owner, the specified report can be considered an essential tool in defining the further strategy towards marketing to the target demographics. Apart from helping define the chances for succeeding in the target area by calculating the annual growth of the population, the report allows one to indicate the trends in consumer behaviour in different regions of Canada; as a result, the organisation in question will be enabled to design a flexible approach to catering to the needs of the target audience and promote its product to the latter. Additionally, the information regarding the inflation rates in different regions of Canada will provide the premises for designing the further strategy for expansion into different markets of the state. There is no need to stress that adjusting to new market conditions is always stressful for an organisation; the information provided in the report, in its turn, will facilitate the process, making it much easier. Therefore, the report in question can be recommended to a small business owner, who is planning to expand into the Canadian market or further. Once a company sets the goal of exploring new markets, comparing the consumption rates within different regions of Canada makes sense; however, as far as local companies and entrepreneurships, including sole proprietorships, are concerned, a detailed study of the report in question does not seem necessary. Conclusion Offering an overview of the consumption rates across Canada, the Canada’s Municipal Spending Watch can be considered a rather important tool for analysing the general tendencies among the Canadian buyers. Despite minor dents in its design, the report covers most of the essential social and economic issues related to Canadian buyers. Therefore, the specified report can be considered a solid tool in defining a company’s further strategy in the Canadian market. Reference Gormanns, N. (2014). Canada’s Municipal Spending Watch . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
An Example of the Use of Corpora in Linguistic Research Report (Assessment) Ways of Comparing and Contrasting Synonyms Although synonyms have similar meanings, it is possible to distinguish between their usage. One of the most precise ways to investigate the subtle characteristics of words’ use is to search these entities in corpora. The current assignment uses the British National Corpus (BNC) to compare the meaning of two synonyms and to provide an example of how corpus tools benefit linguistic research. The two words chosen for the comparison in the first question are contemporary and current. The search in the BNC will demonstrate that these words are used in different kinds of texts and are associated with specific semantics. To start with, one can look at the words’ definitions in the dictionaries. According to Oxford Dictionary (Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries), contemporary is an adjective that has three meanings, namely, “belonging to the same time,” “belonging to the present time,” and “following modern ideas in style or design.” Current can be used in the meaning of “happening now; of the present time,” or “being used by or accepted by most people” (Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries). The next step is to look at how these terms are presented in the corpus. The most frequent types of texts in which contemporary is used are academic literature (frequency = 1479) and magazines (frequency = 719) (Fig. 1). Current is most often used in non-academic texts (frequency = 3400) (Fig. 2). Moreover, current can be found quite often in almost all types of texts, except for literary fiction and speech, while contemporary seems to be specific to two kinds of literature. Thus, contemporary is more likely to be encountered in an academic context, while current has a more general use. Furthermore, BNC offers a separate search for word comparison (Fig. 3). According to the outcome of this search, the most frequent words associated with contemporary are the concepts from art and crafts, such as painting, dance, and artist (Fig. 4). Current is usually observed in the context of economic terms, for example, rate , assets , and deficit (Fig. 4). Therefore, the comparison showed that the words imply different semantics of the context. Fig 1. Screenshot of the results of the search for contemporary. Fig 2. Screenshot of the results of the search for current. Fig 3. Screenshot of the field for comparison. Fig 4. Screenshot of the results of the comparison of current and contemporary. Uncountable Nouns Uncountable nouns are appealing for the search in corpora because they can show examples of the grammatical properties of these words’ usage. For the second question, the same corpus will be used to study how the word data is grammatically treated in use. Although data is an uncountable noun, it is likely that there is a preferable usage of this word. According to the Oxford Dictionary, data is uncountable, but “used as a plural noun in technical English” (Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries). The corpus search will show that data is more often observed in the plural number. It is possible to specify the query to search for the collocations of data with a verb (Fig.5). According to the results of this search, the most frequent verb observed after data is are (Fig. 6) . Are is used with plural numbers, and, therefore, data is most often perceived as plural. If one looks at the context of data usage, it will be apparent that there are many examples of collocation, where data is plural (Fig. 7). For example, there are recordings, such as complete data are available, can be seen that data were collected, data are expressed as the change in absorbance. However, the second frequent verb after are was is (Fig.6). The difference is between frequencies does not seem dramatic (491 and 452). That is why the preference for the usage as a plural noun may be insignificant. Therefore, data is more often used as a plural noun, although it is probably not an absolute preference. Fig.5 Screenshot of the field for the search of data followed by a verb. Fig. 6. The results of the list display for data with a verb. Fig. 7. The context for data with a verb. To conclude, corpus tools help to study unobvious linguistic characteristics. Using BNC, this paper showed the ways to compare and contrast synonyms, and to find out how language users perceive an uncountable noun. Corpora offered several functions, such as showing frequencies by text type and specifying the part of speech in collocation. Thus, it is necessary to use these tools to conduct a thorough investigation of the language in use. Works Cited Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries. Oxford University Press, 2020. Web. The British National Corpus . Oxford University Press. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Understanding of Marketing Strategy Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Relationship between differentiation and positioning 3. Identifying appropriate price strategy 4. References Introduction Every product has to be marketed to help businesses increase their revenue as well as widen their market base. For that reason, researchers have come to a conclusion that there is need for respective departments to have a full understanding of the different stages of product life cycle to develop the right marketing strategies for a product or service (Kotler & Keller, 2012). As suggested by Perreault, Cannon & McCarthy, 2011 in the current competitive world of business, organizations need to regularly analyze their products and services in order to improve how they serve their customers. Relationship between differentiation and positioning Product differentiation and positioning has been attributed to iconic nature of such firms as Apple Inc., McDonalds, and Coca-Cola among others (Kotler & Keller, 2012). Product differentiation has been thought of as the inclusion of all types of attributes or characteristics for instance packaging, pricing, quality, design of product, courtesy of those who offer the service or product, product functionality among others in order make the end users to have a perception that the product or service is different and desirable. An example is products offered to customers by Apple Inc. the company has differentiated their product in numerous ways for instance through sleek designs, functionality, delivery, quality to mention but a few. Ideally it has been shown that there are five dimensions of differentiating a product or service and they include; product through quality, performance and conformance. Other dimensions include service, personnel, channel and image differentiation (Perreault, Cannon & McCarthy, 2011). On the other hand, it has been shown that although one might have cleverly differentiated his or her product, failing to position it in the market will counter such efforts. In layman language positioning means how the company positions its products and services in the market (Perreault, Cannon & McCarthy, 2011). Product positioning is what the firm tells potential buyers about a given product or service. This is accomplished through advertising, sales promotions among others. As in the example previously used, Apple has constantly position its products to be of unmatched functionality, unique design and flawless. There is no doubt that the two concepts are directly related to each other. Upon deciding on the ways to differentiate the products or services, then how to position the same in the market follows. There is need for the two concepts not to contradict since it will send mixed messages to potential buyers. Identifying appropriate price strategy According to Kotler & Keller, 2012 developing an appropriate pricing strategy is more important in the present world of hyper-competition. Pricing strategy has a direct impact on the profits to be made by any business organization. A better pricing strategy should be systematic as well as strategic. Ideally it is worth noting that pricing strategy should be part and parcel of a firm thus it should be an integral part of marketing plan from the initial stages of product development. Additionally there are a number of factors that need to be consider while identifying pricing strategies they include; survival of the business, differentiation, maximizing profit margin, maximizing quantity, maximizing short-term revenue, maximizing short-term profit, cost both fixed and variable, positioning and demand curve (Perreault, Cannon & McCarthy, 2011). Similarly a better pricing strategy is arrived at after carrying out research to establish how much potential customers are willing to pay for a given service or product. Additionally there is need to factor in the issue of distributors, a price that will ensure that distributors make profit will for sure ensure that the firm continue running. There are various ways to set prices for instance cost-plus, competition-based pricing among others. Researchers have shown that no single pricing method is appropriate and there is need to use a combination of these methods (Kotler & Keller, 2012). References Kotler, P. & Keller, K. (2012). Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Perreault, W., Cannon, P. & McCarthy, E. (2011). Basic marketing: A marketing strategy planning approach . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Principal Causes of the First World War Research Paper The First World War has become one of the most tragic and bloody events in the history of mankind. The consequences of this War had a powerful impact on the course of history. Its beginning had a series of determinants, each of which needs to be critically evaluated in order to acquire a clear vision of the entire phenomenon. The paper at hand is aimed at examining the key factors that are considered to be the principal causes of the war, breaking out: militarism, alliance, nationalism, imperialism, and assassination. First and foremost, it should be noted that at the relevant historic point, two powerful European countries were aimed at enhancing their military forces. In other words, at the beginning of the twentieth century, Great Britain and Germany started an overall arms race in order to establish a leading position in the region. As a result, new military technologies developed rapidly, and the climate grew tenser. The most numerous armies of the time were German, French, and Russian, with 5, 4, and 1.2 millions of soldiers relatively. Secondly, it is essential to point out that at the stated historic point, all the relationships were determined by the alliances terms. Thus, the entire European continent was divided into two major unions: triple entente and triple alliance. The former comprised such countries Great Britain, France, and Russia, whereas the latter included Germany Austria-Hungary and Italy. Each member of the alliance was obliged to provide the essential military support to its allies. Moreover, one of the key characteristics of the beginning of the twentieth century is the appearance of the nationalistic implications in the social environment. Along with the national pride and the feeling of self-identity, the willingness to receive the overall recognition increased. Hence, for example, Slavic groups publicly announced their determination to acquire independence, and were actively supported by the Russians. It should be, likewise, noted that the nationalism of the relevant period possessed aggressive and radical connotations – in their intention to gain independence, nations were ready to employ any resources available to them. Furthermore, at the end of the nineteenth centuries, European countries would engage in extending their influence through colonies. Germany’s imperial ambitions contradicted the reality, as the country had a few number of colonies in the New World. As a result, it was eager to reorganize the existed world order. The rivalry in the colonial race had a negative impact on the general tone of the diplomatic relationships. As it has been mentioned above, Germany was the most interested party in breaking out the war. In the meantime, it could not carry out this plan without the relevant formal reason. As a result, the formal reason was found. It was the assignation of the Archduke of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire which was organized and executed by the representatives of the Serbian terrorist organisation “Black Hand”, namely Gavrilo Princip. Thence, the European community reached the point of no return, and it was Austria who first declared the war on Serbia. Then, Germany would also join in, begging one of the most crucial wars that history would have ever known. Meanwhile, it is essential to note that the causes mentioned above are just the complex groups of prerequisites – in fact, there might be hundreds of accidental coincidences that led to the tragic events. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The company offers consumers with different products and drinks. The success of Coca Cola Company results from its supply chain and unique brand name. The products of the company are unique and easy to identify. The consumers are aware of the Coca Cola products (Henry 2008, p. 21). This has made its business successful. However, several factors affect the company’s success. These factors include competition, poor transportation network, and declining consumption. The company faces various threats that affect its profitability. The Porter’s Five Forces identifies the business environment for Coca Cola South Pacific. The first force is the existence of rivalry in the market. This results from Pepsi and fruit juices from different companies. There are substitute goods that offer a challenge to Coca Cola’s drinks. These goods include tea, milk and alcoholic beverages (Kemp 2009, p. 26). The bargaining power of the suppliers affects the production levels of the company’s products. The suppliers provide packaging solutions and sugar to the company. The consumers also have their bargaining power. The nature of supply chains and pricing strategies determine the power of the customers. Strategy of the Major Competitors The major competitors for Coca Cola Company include Fruit Processing Companies and Pepsi. These companies use an effective strategy to market and distribute their products. The companies use low prices and proper packaging (Hays 2010, p. 74). This makes handling and transportation easier. Pepsi Company employs a strategic approach to market its drinks. The drinks have unique labels and names. This has made the marketing process successful for the company. The fruit juice industry uses different pricing strategies to attract more customers (Roy 2011, p. 65). The above approaches have made the competitors profitable. It is necessary for Coca Cola South Pacific to adopt new ideas. This will help the company to overcome the level of competition and become successful. Coca Cola South Pacific has succeeded in the market because of its unique strategy. The company’s brands are unique thus making it possible to target the customers. Coca Cola uses an effective pricing strategy thereby selling its products to the esteemed consumers. The other strength of Coca Cola’s strategy is its use of a powerful supply chain. The supply chain has made it possible for the company to meet its targets (Hays 2010, p. 98). The company’s brand identity and name is an important aspect of its strategy. However, the strategy faces certain challenges such as reduced consumption and increased competition from Pepsi and the fruit juice industry. Recommendations for Coca-Cola South Pacific Coca-Cola South Pacific is a leading player in the Soft Drink industry in the region. It has the best team that promotes its profitability. The major challenge results from the new competition from the companies selling fruit juices and beverages. I would recommend that the current strategy is enhanced by penetrating deeper into the market. As well, the company can reduce the prices of certain drinks (Kemp 2009, p. 26). This will make its business successful thereby overcoming the current competition. New advertising strategies will inform more consumers about the products offered by Coca-Cola South Pacific. The company can also produce new products to attract new consumers. This will improve the company’s competitive advantage. The above recommendations can be used improve Coca Cola Company’s strategy. This will make it the leading player in the market. Reference List Hays, C 2010. The Real Thing: truth and power at the Coca-Cola Company, Oxford University Press, Canberra. Henry, A 2008. Understanding Strategic Management, Longman, New York. Kemp, K 2009. God’s Capitalist: As a Candler of Coca-Cola, Oxford University Press, Sydney. Roy, D 2011. Strategic Foresight and Porter’s Five Forces: Towards a Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, New York. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
* One in three children has cavities at 3 years old, and one in two has them at 5. * Parents often use non-prescription drugs without consulting doctors. * Overuse or misuse of antibiotics and analgesics may lead to adverse outcomes. Dentists cannot do much to address the issues of child dental health unless the child is introduced to them early in its life. However, parents often refuse to trust doctors or misjudge the severity of the issues and resort to self-medication. Overuse of drugs may lead to antibiotic resistance, indigestion, and diarrhea for antibiotics and headaches, weakness, and nausea for analgesics. Literature Review * Garofalo et al. (2015) conclude that 69.2% or more of Italian households participate in self-medication, with 53.4% doing so at least once a year. * Medical services were considered unnecessary or too expensive. * Dar-Odeh et al. (2018) state that 59.3% of females in their study reported that they participated in self-medication. * Unwillingness to visit a dentist, limited access to services, lack of medical insurance, and inappropriate pharmacist behaviors were cited as reasons. * Nayyar and Tavargeri (2018) note that 61% of parents have medicated their children without consulting medical specialists. * Socioeconomic class was directly correlated with the incidence of self-medication practices. * Gohar et al. (2017) claim that 77.25% of their study participants medicated their children, with 66% doing so while the children were aged 1-5. * 45% of participants have done so 3-4 times per year, primarily due to lacking knowledge, money, or specialist access and the minor character of the issues. * Shehnaz et al. (2014) note that overall, approximately 70% of parents medicate their children 3-4 times a year for a variety of reasons. * They also describe practices such as the use of old prescriptions to obtain restricted medications. * KomalRaj et al. (2015) note that 100% of their study participants employed self-medication and 60% reported to medical drugs to do so. * Many people practice alternative medicine, sometimes in conjunction with pharmaceutical drugs. People from disadvantaged backgrounds were more likely to medicate their children, usually with antibiotics and analgesics due to their ability to alleviate pain. KomalRaj et al. (2015) propose measures such as education about the dangers of self-medication and improved pharmacy control to avoid a deterioration of the situation. Results * 87.5% of parents, 76.5% of whom were mothers, used medication without consultation. * 83.1% of parents described the pain as the primary reason why they self-medicate. A majority of parents, at 50.5%, did not have dental insurance for themselves or their children. * A significant majority of parents, at 59.7%, prefer using analgesics to antibiotics. * Most people obtain the medications they use for self-treatment from pharmacists. Most parents take a variety of safety precautions before medicine application. 68.3% are worried about overdoses, 76% check the expiration date, 60.3% use teaspoons to measure the drug, 66% read the prescriptions, 58.6% check prescriptions for children, and 88.9% follow the suggested dosages. 64.3% learn the information required for self-medication from friends and family, 58% are informed by pharmacists, but only 14% trust strangers in this regard. 62% use old prescriptions, 84.3% follow advertisements, and most use leftover medicines from other treatments. 55.7% note that pain relief is a reason to self-medicate and 79.7% disbelieve that there will be any side effects. 60.9% cite high drug cost as a disincentive to visit dentists, 66.3% consider the visit prices too high, 59.7% note the long queues, 77.4% have issues accessing a dentist, 65.7% do not have the time, 72.3% have had negative prior experiences, and 78.3% believe that milk teeth do not require in-depth treatment. Discussion * Most families are not covered by dental insurance, making dentist visits costly. * Most parents obtain the drugs they use for self-medication from pharmacists. * People mostly react to external symptoms, such as pain, for issue identification. * Friends, family, and pharmacists are the primary sources of medical information that leads people to self-medicate. Conclusion * Most parents turn to self-medication to address their dental issues and those of their children. * Costs are the primary driving factor behind the choice, as most of them do not have dental insurance. * The parents are aware of some of the dangers of self-medication, but not of all of them. * Further research is necessary to identify potential solutions to the issue. References Dar-Odeh, S, Othman, B, Bahabri, R, Alnazzawi, A, Borzangy, S, Fadel, H, Alolayan, A & Abu-Hammad, O 2018, ‘Antibiotic self-medication for oral conditions: characteristics and associated factors’, Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatriae Clinica Integrada , vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-10. Garofalo, L, Giuseppe, G & Angelillo, I 2015, ‘Self-medication practices among parents in Italy’, BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, pp. 1-8. Gohar, U, Khubaib, S & Mehmood, A 2017, ‘Self-medication trends in children by their parents’, Journal of Developing Drugs, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-7. KomalRaj, MR, Padma, KB & Aruna, CN 2015 ‘Self-medication practices for oral health problems among dental patients in Bangalore: a cross-sectional study’, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 68-75. Nayyar, A, & Tavargeri, A 2018 ‘Self-medication practices by parents in children for dental conditions’, International Journal of Current Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 65684-65688. Shehnaz, S, Agarwal, A & Khan, N 2014 ‘A systematic review of self-medication practices among adolescents’, Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 467-483. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Executive Compensation vs. Employee Salary Report The large gap between the size of the employees’ salaries and those of the executives and CEO has been the issue of discussion for years. The debates become especially heated and passionate in times of financial crises when the employees are in distress, and their salaries stop matching their everyday financial needs. In 2015, U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission have established a new rule according to which all the publically held corporations are obliged to disclose their levels of executive compensation along with the median pay of the employees (Hoppmann, 2015). In theory, the ratio between the two numbers is to indicate which companies have the tendency towards income inequality. However, there is no official data as to what difference does it take for the company to become judged for lack of equity. The salaries of the CEOs are extremely high compared to those of the workers. The gap is determined by the fact that the executives are in charge of their own payment (all they need is to convince the board to agree to a certain salary for them) levels whereas the employees are limited by the company regulations (Lawler, 2009). The main argument supporting the higher salaries for the executives is the fact that they are in a tight dependency on the market forces (Hoppmann, 2015). In other words, the high payments of the executives reflect the value of their talent that is rather rare. From the point of view of the workers, the CEOs of the companies may seem as people who do not have many duties and therefore, do not deserve such high salaries. However, once a high-standing executive leaves for a vacation, the company begins to face serious challenges in terms of management and important decisions. At the same time, when a worker who is at the bottom of the organizational hierarchy leaves for a vacation, the company is unlikely to experience any serious skills shortage. That way, the value of an executive corresponds to the level of their compensation. The primary argument against the excessive payment for the CEOs concerns with the influence the executives have over the process of payment control. In other words, the individuals who are responsible for the establishment of the CEO’s payment (the board members) are hired by the CEO as the head of the board. That way, it becomes impossible to manage and limit the salary of the CEO for anyone regardless of their position in an organization. Basically, the executives name their own price once they are hired. One aspect that regulates the value of the CEOs is the performance they demonstrated in the past while occupying other positions or being in charge of other companies. The executives are selected by the organization based on the level of their professionalism. That way, the board of directors can anticipate the approximate value and salary of the executive and use this assumption as the basis for the decision whether or not they should invite a particular professional as a CEO of the organization. To sum up, the argument concerning the excessive compensation of the executives is complicated by the fact that the arguments pro and against are intertwined – the level of the CEOs’ salaries reflects their value for the companies, however, when this value in the form of a salary becomes excessive, it starts to devale the other employees and cause a disruption in the organization, so the leader who was hired to bring the company forward begins to drag it down. References Hoppmann, B. (2015). When it comes to CEO pay, how much is too much? Web. Lawler, E. E. (2009). Fixing Executive Compensation Excesses . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Food and Drug Administration in United States of America Research Paper Introduction The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is one of the United States of America’s government agencies. The FDA falls under the US Department of Health and Human Services. The Food and Drug Administration was formed in 1906. It has the responsibility of “supervising and regulating food products and drug substances with the aim of promoting and protecting public health”. The Food and Drug Administration in USA also implements laws and regulations found under the Public Health Service Act especially Section 361. The FDA enforces “sanitation requirements on interstate travel, as well as, the control of disease on products such as pets”. This paper examines, the FDA’s organization and structure, its funding, and the regulatory programmes carried out by the Food and Drug Administration. The Structure and Organization of the Food and Drug Administration A commissioner who is appointed by the USA President following the Senate consent heads the FDA. The commissioner “reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services”. The FDA has a number of centers and offices. For instance, some of the Food and Drug Administration centers include the following: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER); Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN); and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) among others. The headquarters of the Food and Drug Administration are located in the State of Maryland, Silver Spring. The agency’s offices, as well as, its laboratories are situated in all the states of America. The FDA also has its offices in a number of foreign countries like China, United Kingdom, Belgium, and Chile. The initiative of opening its offices in the foreign countries began in 2008. The Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) and the Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA) conduct most of the FDA’s fieldwork. The officers of the OCI and ORA are found in all regions of the country. The Office of Regulatory Authority is charged with the responsibility of analyzing physical samples such as drugs, food, and cosmetics that are collected from the field. On the other hand, the Office of Criminal Investigations investigates criminal cases. Some of the criminal cases, which the Office of Criminal Investigations deals with, include cases of wire and mail fraud, false statements and conspiracy. The Office of Criminal Investigations also works intimately with other government agencies like the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Assistant Attorney General (AAG). The Scope and Funding of the Food and Drug Administration The FDA is responsible for “the regulation and supervision of more than $1 trillion worth consumer goods, which is averagely 25% of consumer expenditures in the United States of America”. The agency also monitors most of the imports. The Food and Drug Administration generates its income majorly from the consumer fees. For example, the funds that are used by the Food and Drug Administration to produce reviews on drugs are generated from the fees levied on pharmaceutical firms. The FDA also receives funding from the federal government that enables it to run its activities appropriately. Regulatory Programmes Conducted by the Food and Drug Administration The major responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration agency in the US is to regulate and supervise food and drug substances. Therefore, the FDA conducts several programmes aimed at regulating food products, drugs, cosmetics, and veterinary products. The FDA through the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) ensures that almost all the food products consumed in the United States of America are labeled accurately and safely. The Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) ensures that food standards are established and maintained accurately. It also establishes the necessities for nutrition labeling as stipulated in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The CFSAN also regulates cosmetic products. CFSAN approves all color additives used in cosmetics. The FDA’s branch that is concerned with the regulation of drug substances in the United States of America is the Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). The CDER conducts extensive inspection of different types of drugs. For instance, the FDA ensures that new drugs undergo a New Drug Application (NDA) process. The new drugs can only be available to the public after the approval of the NDA. The FDA also ensures that over-the-counter drugs can be consumed without the prescription of a doctor. The FDA through the Centre for Veterinary Medicine regulates animal foods, additives, as well as, animal drugs. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the Food and Drug Administration plays a critical role in the promotion and protection of public health in the United States of America. The FDA’s well-organized structure and a clear funding system enable it to carry out its regulatory programmes effectively and efficiently. Therefore, it is worth noting that the FDA is a major agency of the US government. Works Cited Hickmann, Meredith. The Food and Drug Administration. New York: Nova Publishers, 2003. Print. Oyarzabal, Omar and Steffen Backert. Microbial Food Safety: An Introduction. New York: Springer, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advantages of a Cohesive Team in the Modern World Essay (Article) Introduction Companies are structured today so that to have more profits. In this respect one of the main fallacies is that most of the corporations do not pay much attention to their skeleton, meaning employees. As a result, the personnel is motivated solely by financial stimuli. However, it would be better to make more glimpses at those companies where the code and the principles of team building are strictly followed. One of the pivotal points in the development of the internal relationships Cohesiveness inside the company should, first of all, touch upon the idea of a win-win approach. This strategy can be realized through the intention of sharing some ideas of one employee with another one(s) to inherit them. This prospect sounds like: “I want to win and I want you to win too” (Ritchie, 2010, p.1)! It is up to the company whether to square up or to neglect such a principle. Though, it should be done voluntarily. It should be one of the pivotal points to the internal code of relationships development. A winning approach The problem is that members of the staff are more directed to solve more personal problems than the problem of a company. As ridiculous as it may seem, problem-aimed strategy should grab employees’ attention. Team building requires a set of sequential steps in organizing a team to do its best afterwards. Further still, one should pay special attention to four steps design for developing beneficial traits of a cohesive team, namely: * Forming (making team together on its initial stage); * Storming (getting the team through the professional trials); * Norming (generalizing lessons on how it is better to achieve goals); * Performing (combining efforts for the next cases) (Team Building & Team Cohesion, 2009). Throughout all four stages in attaining cohesiveness in a team it is better to maintain open and straightforward communication. This component helps in understanding the flow of things going on in the workspace. Moreover, it makes employees up-and-coming in their efforts and their use for a company. It is also the way to constructive development inside a company or even to some changes in it. One should also bear in mind that the traditional viewpoint on how it is better to achieve results (team composition – team process – team results) is no longer useful (Chung, 2009). Contemporary trends in management urge more for suchlike schemes in completing the industrial process with more synergy between process and personal contributions of a team (Chung, 2009). One more tip to make efficiency inside a company is concerned with the ability of the administration to state clear goals. It means that an employee may just get bewildered about what to do at the moment. He/she can also guess how it can be done to meet deadlines. It is not that easy to make it clear when one does not want to interrupt a chief by frequent requests for repetition. Thus, dominants at work should highlight clear goals primordially by further remarks on how (and why) to make it faster. Conclusion At last, crossing of roles because there is interdependence should be taken into consideration inside a team. The question is that each member of the staff should provide positive development at his/her place. It is no need to think of personal superiority while the rest of the team is struggling in vain. The relationships should follow the rules of subordination along with points on cohesive partnership as related to each department and each person working in it. Reference Chung, S. E. (2009). Supporting Creativity in Interdisciplinary Teamwork: Examining Relationships among Individual Traits, Group Characteristics, Team Process, and Creative Performance in an Applied Setting . Gainesville: University of Florida. Ritchie, B. (2010). Win Win Approach. Web. Team Building & Team Cohesion. (2009). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Concept of the Terrestrial Ecology Essay Terrestrial ecology is an organization that deals with study and conservation of plants, animals and soil by ensuring sustainability of natural resources for the benefit of humanity. The organization has observed that human activities and natural processes cannot conserve the environment if there are no viable objectives that ensure sustainability of natural resources. Human activities such as farming, construction, settlement, deforestation, poaching, hunting and gathering gradually leads to the depletion of natural resources if not checked. Moreover, natural processes such as erosion, weathering, predation, competition, floods, volcanic, and earthquakes destroy the natural environment thus calling for the ecological conservation. Kjaer explains that, “The terrestrial organization focuses on how plants, animals and their habitats are affected by natural conditions, climate and soil, as well as human activities, air pollution, pesticides, genetically modified plants and various agricultural management systems” (1). The organization conducts research on various aspects of terrestrial ecology and gives viable recommendations for the government to make real time policies and laws regarding conservation of environmental resources for sustainability. Due to rampant pollution and destructive natural processes all over the world, the organization has designed effective programs that ensure real time assessment and conservation of terrestrial environment. The terrestrial ecology has several programs directed at and specialized in soil, plants and animals. The soil, plants and animals are three components of the terrestrial environment that need conservation in order to avoid depletion of natural resources or pollution of the environment. Regarding conservation of the soil, the terrestrial organization has realized that soil is the dominant factor in the terrestrial environment, which determines existence of plants and animals. The organization has designed programs that assess and evaluate the extent of pollution in the soil with the view of mitigating the effects of pollution and even preventing their occurrence. According to Wickland, “…programs such as field surveys and laboratory assessment of toxic substances in the soil provide an over view of the extent of soil pollution that will enhance formulation of essential measures of conservation” (25). Quality of soil in a given terrestrial environment is critical in determining survival of plants and animals in certain environment. Other programs of the terrestrial organization focus on the study and conservation of the plants and animals. Human beings pollute the environment and the toxic chemicals find their way into plants and animals, thus threatening their existence, which may lead to extinction. In the environment, animals can least survive because they accumulate more toxins in their system as compared to the plants due to biomagnifications of toxins up the food chain. Lawson and Smith argue that, “…genetic modification of plants and animals coupled with the increased pollution are deliberate human activities in that if not controlled, they may lead to extinction of organisms or reduction of biodiversity in the universe” (51). Therefore, the terrestrial organization assesses genetic aberrations and toxicity in the organism relative to the air, soil and water pollution in order to come up with appropriate measures of environmental conservation. The terrestrial ecology organization is an international organization that aims at conservation of the world’s natural resources for sustainable benefit of humanity. According to Kjaer, “terrestrial ecology collaborates with a number of international partners and has the overall responsibility for several large international research and development programs in various parts of the world,” (5). The research studies carried by the organization have both national and international significance and are imperative in addressing environment issues relating to pollution and human activities. The organization also encourages development of sustainable agricultural systems by designing good agricultural practices that enhance productive farming. Works Cited Kjaer, Christian. “Terrestrial Ecology.” National Environmental Research Institute, (2011): 1-12 Lawson, James & Smith, Richard. “Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.” Natural Environment Research Council, (2002): 1-36 Wickland, Diane. “Terrestrial Ecology.” Tennessee Valley Authority , (2007): 1-62 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Experience Gained During Clinical Rotation Essay It is necessary to note that the last eight weeks were critical. The fact that I achieved course outcomes is vital because I am now much more prepared to meet core competencies. My knowledge and skills are steadily increasing, and I am willing to devote my time to studying. The experience that I gained during the clinical rotation was vital, and it would be reasonable to discuss it. I was able to recognize which conditions are the most common. I have noticed that the patients complain about such diseases as pharyngitis, diabetes, back pain, pneumonia, and others in most cases. Moreover, I was able to provide help and support much faster as I gained experience. The interactions with individuals were quite intriguing, and it made me more motivated. I worked with patients of different age groups, and it is critical because they require a unique approach. Therefore, I have recognized that the quality of services is of utmost importance because the health and well-being of patients are at risk. I understand that privacy is essential for patients, and I tried to apply concepts of ethics to ensure that individuals are satisfied and do not have complaints. Another core aspect that should not be disregarded is the responses and comments that I received from individuals helped me to recognize which characteristics are critical for a nurse, and a caring behavior was appreciated (Peng, Liu, & Zeng, 2015). The fact that I had to interact with other nurses also needs to be highlighted, and they shared some of the tips regarding how to become an outstanding leader. I am aware that it is not an easy task, and I need to develop as a professional and an individual, but I am slowly making progress. It is also worth mentioning that I had an opportunity to improve my communications patterns because it is an essential skill for every nurse. The focus on evidence-based practice also needs to be discussed, because they need to utilize the most effective approaches should not be disregarded (Reuben et al., 2015). I was able to look up necessary information with the use of databases, and it is a critical skill for every registered nurse. Health care professionals have to deal with numerous changes, and one must keep track of the latest developments to stay competent (Leung, Trevena, & Waters, 2016). I devoted much more attention to a self-development plan than previously, and I think that it is incredibly useful because it allows keeping track of my progress and I can stay on schedule. The tasks that I performed over this period were also quite helpful, and most of the techniques that I learned were essential during the rotation. I tried to avoid common mistakes because I understand that they are not acceptable in practice. In conclusion, it is hard to argue with the fact that the last eight weeks were crucial for me. The personal growth that I have shown is quite significant, and the knowledge that I gained is tremendous. I understand that some of the areas need to be addressed, and I try to focus on them to achieve better results. Overall, I hope that I will be able to gain more experience in the clinic because I think that it helps me to learn much faster, and makes me more prepared for my future career. References Leung, K., Trevena, L., & Waters, D. (2016). Development of a competency framework for evidence-based practice in nursing. Nurse Education Today, 39 (1), 189-196. Peng, X., Liu, Y., & Zeng, Q. (2015). Caring behaviour perceptions from nurses of their first‐line nurse managers. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 29 (4), 708-715. Reuben, D. B., Herr, K. A., Pacala, J. T., Pollock, B. G., Potter, J. F., & Semla, T. P. (2015). Geriatrics at your fingertips (17th ed.). New York, NY: The American Geriatrics Society. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Marr’s Computational Theory and Explanation Levels Essay Marr’s Levels of Explanation David Marr’s book, ‘The Vision’ highlights the fact that complex systems like brain or computer are better understood at various levels. Marr further stresses out that the explanations at the different levels are independent of the each other. He also observes that there is a relationship between neuroscience and computation. He claims that similar to a software engineer who does not need to learn hardware in details, every level of the brain has its own specialization; it uses a computational approach to study human visual processes (Scrimali and Tullio, 56). In his book, David Marr dwells on a computational theory for vision. He states that a visual process needs to pass through several steps where there exists a different representation of retina image. The three levels of explanations are designed to perform a task of information processing. Basically, his aim is to differentiate the three levels of explanation and give the computation theories. Marr levels have found their application in the study of cognition, namely, the three levels are computational, algorithmic and implementation level. Level one is the computation level, which defines the process that is being computed. It tries to identify the input and output of information into the system. At this level, the goal is a mental representation of the visual images, for example, the input can be person’s senses while the output is his or her behaviors. The computation level tries to answer the question of logic according to which the information input and output happens. A binocular is used as an example in the illustration of computation level of the visual processes. The input is the left and the right eye image while the output is the depth of the sample being viewed (Scrimali and Tullio 61). Level two is an algorithmic and representation level. In this level, the system is specified to convert the system output and input. It tries to determine the algorithms that the brain uses so as to attain the computational goals. The algorithm level tries to answer the question of how the brain transforms visual information into a mental representation of 3D image. For example, the binoculars stereopsis has stereo algorithms as their input. The course algorithm computes the blurred image of the depth into input image at a finer scale (Scrimali and Tullio 70). Level three is an implementation level. It tries to comprehend how the algorithm is grasped into the physical structure in the mind. It tries to answer the question how the system is physically comprehended. An example is the computer hardware or neuron cells in the brain. Sensitive neurons have been identified to be in action in the brain, closer to the input or output stage (Scrimali and Tullio 74). David Marr’s approach on vision provides a framework which is both computationally traceable and biologically plausible in the understanding of human vision. Marr’s Methodology and a Reductionist View of the Relation Between Psychology and Neuroscience There are concerns on the Marr’s computational theory. The name computational theory has been found to be misleading as the researcher does not explain the computational procedures. He only explains the tasks to be performed by the computation system. Marr’s analysis is questioned by David Broadbent who claims that, connectionism in psychologist analysis of Marr’s implementation level is irrelevant to psychology. David Marr algorithms and cognitive representations focus rather on the nature of problems than on the mechanism and hardware in which they are embodied. Many philosophers recommend a study of human hardware so as to understand the judgments and common sense concepts. There are questions on these levels where theorizing and research is a concern for psychology. There is some controversy between mentalism and behaviorism on suitable level of analysis (Baars, 281). There is a tension that exists on the reductionist view between neuroscience and psychology. Biological as well as social approaches to the behavior of humans have always been contrasted to one another. The two functions act as mutually exclusive or antagonistic entities. The underlying assumption in social neuroscience consists in the fact that the mechanisms behind the behavior and mind will never be entirely explicable by using social or biological approach in solidarity (Brain & Christine 129). Multilevel integrative scrutiny is needed; it can be added that the scientific language that is universal and fully grounded in the function and structure of the brain is highly crucial and important. A human behavior is entirely biological at some levels. The biological reductionism gives rise to singular, simple, and satisfactory explanations on molecular representation forms, and complex behaviors are the source of the highest degree analysis that prompts the understanding of human behaviors (Brain & Christine 113). In conclusion, it must be emphasized that connectionism models are built with similarity with neural processing. It is my opinion that they are suitable for representing the cognitive phenomena. The social sciences have developed a molar construct that is the prime source of understanding activities that are highly complex (Brain & Christine 136). Works Cited Baars, Bernard J, and Nicole M.Gage. Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness: Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience . Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2010. Print. Brain, Christine. Advanced Psychology: Applications, Issues and Perspectives . Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, 2002. Print. Scrimali, Tullio. Neuroscience-based Cognitive Therapy: New Methods for Assessment, Treatment, and Self-Regulation . Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Print | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The main actor, Marjane Satrapi, hails from a middle-class family, which is unhappy with the fundamentalist Islamic regime. Palmer (51) states that at the beginning of the film, the main Actor Marjane takes the viewers back to her childhood when she witnessed several injustices practiced on the society by Islamic fundamentalists. It is also at the beginning of the film that viewers get to know the middle-class position of Marjane’s family and their involvement in political rallies and protests. In the middle of the film, Marjane goes against the provisions of the Islamic rulers and is constantly in and out of trouble. The frequent rebellion and her troublesome character compel her parents to take Marjane to Austria. However, in Austria, the young Marjane is annoyed by the character of the nuns and is sent out of the home when she behaves in a manner contrary to the requirements of the Catholic religion. Towards the end of the film, Marjane returns home but continues demonstrating her western behavior, which disregards the norms and beliefs practiced in Iran. Since Marjane continued rebelling against the provisions of the state, a factor that would lead to her imprisonment, her mother insisted that she left the country. The film ends when Marjane is in a taxi and presents a demonstration of confidence from her concerning her place of origin. The themes that are evident in the film include freedom of worship, political stability, and gender parity. From the film, several events transpire because of the strong beliefs held by the Islamic leaders of the time. Palmer (51) elucidates that during her childhood, Marjane becomes a victim of the rules and provisions dictated to the society by the Islamic leaders. As such, the society has to abide by the rules or face severe punishments. It is practical in the film that the country does not permit freedom of worship and citizens should profess Islamic religion irrespective of their orientations. Consequently, the theme of political instability becomes clear from the several instances of violence that erupted after the election. After the election, a section of the society is unhappy with the results. Therefore, they engage in violent protests and initiate instances of war in the country. The theme of gender disparity is very clear from the various challenges that the young Marjane experiences during her time in Iran. As a young girl, Marjane witnesses the oppressive society compelling women to wear hijabs and dress in a manner that overrides their personal preferences. The challenges make her rebellious and eventually lead to her exit from the country. The film plays a very crucial role in presenting the challenges that societies living in Islamic states experience. From the film, viewers get to understand the oppressive nature of governance practiced by leaders who profess misguided Islamic provisions (Palmer 51). Moreover, the film is very essential because it encourages others in society especially those going through similar experiences to fight for their freedom using legal and diplomatic avenues. It is fundamental to state that in the absence of the film, several individuals would not know these challenges. As a result, the roles played by institutions that champion for freedom of worship, human rights, child rights, and women rights in these countries could not materialize. Therefore, the film is one that needs recommendations from stakeholders who advocate for the rights of all individuals around the globe. Works Cited Palmer, Tim. Brutal intimacy: Analyzing contemporary French cinema . Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 2011. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Peer Review and Total Information Network Coursework Peer Review Advantages of peer review to scholar-practitioner Peer review has both merits and disadvantages depending on one’s argument and perception. Considering the merits, peer review helps scholar-practitioners in various capacities. It provides the needed criticism to various scholarly works, which includes articles and journals. Such criticisms are extremely essential to scholar-practitioners in various perspectives. For instance, criticism helps in identifying weak points of scholar-practitioners’ works (journals). This, in turn, helps the scholar-practitioner to avoid his current mistakes while working on his other journals. Moreover, it also helps scholar-practitioners improve their future works or journals thus giving quality academic outcomes. Peer reviews also refine the works or journals written by scholar-practitioners. It helps in revising journals thus modifying the works of scholar-practitioners to a better academic product. This ensures that the best and most refined academic work of the scholar-practitioner is published for viewers or readers (Molnar, 2011). Ways of determining peer-reviewed articles There are various ways one can determine whether peers have reviewed any two articles. For instance, one can search on peer-reviewed websites to determine whether the articles exist in the sites. This is possible by searching the name of the journal in the peer-reviewed website (CALPOLY, 2011). If the articles appear, then it has been reviewed. One can also know that an article has been reviewed by looking at the front cover of the article (David, 2011). Some journals always provide information on whether the article has been reviewed by peers on front pages. However, it is necessary to understand that the information must not always be on the first page. Therefore, sometimes one will have to look in the entire journal to determine that the article has been reviewed. Another way of asking whether the article was indeed reviewed is by contacting the editor of the document or article. Describing Total Information Networks Online resources Numerous resources are continuously being posted in various Internet sites. However, these online resources often have both scholarly and non scholarly journals. These resources offer a wide range of information needed for any research or study. However, it is imperative for one to evaluate the nature of a resource before using them, since some of them are often invalid thus unreliable. An example of a link that provides numerous journals that can be significant for carrying out an extensive study, which contains adequate information. Sites are also suitable locations for obtaining the reliable information. Academic libraries Academic libraries also contain a wide range of information that can help in conducting various research projects. They contain books, journals, newspapers, electronic resources and other various materials necessary for conducting academic research. These libraries are often found in learning institutions such as colleges and universities. Some of these academic libraries often limit the access of information by strangers; therefore, only students and staffs are allowed to visit the libraries. It is also imperative to understand that academic libraries also offer Internet services, whereby one can access scholarly sites suitable for researches. Public libraries These are institutions, which offer library services to anyone (Edwards, 2009). They contain a wide range of information, similar to academic libraries. However, most public libraries consist of more information than most academic libraries. They contain information about various historical events, preserved for reference or academic purposes. They also contain various resources such as books, journals, newspapers and other reading materials. One can access these books in these libraries or borrow the books to access them at preferred locations. Most resources in public libraries are often scholarly thus making them reliable. References CALPOLY. (2011). Peer-reviewed articles . CALPOLY. Web. David, I. (2011). How to know when an article is peer-reviewed . University of Liverpool. Edwards, B. (2009). Libraries and learning resource centers . Oxford, OX: Architectural Press. Molnar, W. (2011). The importance of peer-review of scholarly journals . Sribd. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Hunting a Christmas Tree by Barbara Dean Essay For a long period of time, I cannot even imagine that one reading may create such a great number of emotions, both negative and positive, at the same time. Probably, it happens because I did not have a chance to read the work by Barbara Dean, “Hunting a Christmas Tree”. This story is an amazing combination of natural beauty, human pretentiousness, and despair that may spoil even the most beautiful events in a human life like Christmas. “Hunting a Christmas Tree” is Dean’s personal position on how to celebrate Christmas and combine the nature with family traditions and expectations; it is a story that teaches how the nature should and may be treated regarding human interests, abilities, and imagination and explains that people are free to make their own decisions and give explanations to their actions. “Hunting a Christmas Tree” begins with a captivating description of the Christmas mood, human individualism, and the beauty of the nature that surrounds people but remains to be invisible for many of them. Dean introduces different aspects of living beings around carefully: the ground squirrels that “disappear underground early in November”, powerful oaks that “begin to loosen their grip on dying leaves”, and wood ducks “flapping wings, to remain through the winter” (10). It is hard to resist the power of her words. She chooses each word so attentively not to confuse the feelings or hurt the nature. Her decision to full fill a forest with a spirit has the function of reanimation. The reader believes that all around has its purpose and may be alive. People should remember that their existence is nothing in comparison to the power of nature. Unfortunately, it is the only aspect that I find really fascinating in the story. The rest of the article makes me feel upset and even nervous. The author begins describing her attitude to the process of cutting a tree for Christmas. She has fears and compassion to everything around her. She demonstrates a unique ability to mix the joy of the holiday with the sorrow of loss and turn even the most beautiful emotions into something unpleasant and oppressive. Constant personal resistance and doubts about the necessity to cut a fir, chewing the process of tree choice, and comparison of expectations and reality may oppress the reader considerably. Dean describes a fir cutting as a death of a living being. “Each death is clearly part of sustaining another life, and, just as clearly, my own survival depends on being part of this chain every day in one way or another” (Dean 11). On the one hand, it is a powerful literary technique to compare the process of cutting a tree with a hunting process. On the other hand, it is too much to see that a person asks a tree for forgiveness and suffers from remorse. Of course, Dean is not the only author, who finds it correct and logical to talk to the nature and try to find a consensus between the co-existence of the two different worlds. Somé finds it normal as well to talk to the tree “not angrily, but respectfully” (45). In other words, all those doubts and whining may be justified in case Dean does not cut the tree. However, the results of her meditation and talks with the nature lead to one simple outcome – the tree has been cut and Christmas has come. After reading the article, one question is left – why have you cut the tree at all, dear Barbara? There are many other options to be chosen in this situation. If the author respects the nature so much, she can buy a tree that has been planted at special places for a holiday. If it was so hard for her to cut a tree, she could ask another person to find a Christmas tree. Finally, it is always possible to grow a tree from a seed in a garden. Dean represents herself as a mettlesome conservationist and devoted vegetarian. She prefers to live in a country instead of spending her days in a big city. It is strange not to see a real fir in her garden. Such decision could deprive her of numerous doubts and stresses during Christmas holidays. In general, the article helps the reader to understand personal worth of life. People are free to choose what to eat, whom to befriend with, what words to choose, etc. Dean seems to be a confident person with a strong will and abilities to determine her expectations from life. However, in the article, she represents herself as a weak person, who neglects her beliefs and respect to the nature to meet personal needs and make her soul surviving and finding peace in the holiday. The article teaches that it is not always necessary to focus on the details and be in harmony with everything around. It seems to be enough to be happy for a moment and do not impose or find explanations to personal happiness. Works Cited Dean, Barbara. “Hunting a Christmas Tree.” Orion 11.1 (1992): 9-15. Print. Somé, Malidoma, P. The Healing Wisdom of Africa . New York, NY: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1999. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Shared Value Concept Essay The concept of shared value is oriented chiefly at strategic planning in the corporate domain. Its three-level structure operates the concepts of value chains, markets, products, and customers, which suggests a direct application to the business sector. Thus, it is tempting to limit its use to the issues of profitability, societal progress, and an overall well-being of the stakeholders involved in the business processes. However, the concept is broad enough to be utilized outside the for-profit companies and can be equally successfully applied by governments, communities, and, with certain adjustments, individuals. The following paper provides an overview of the two ways in which a shared value business concept affects me on a daily basis. The first area is the observed consequences of successfully implemented shared value creation. In the majority of cases, the shared value created in the process is oriented primarily at customers and has an overall positive effect on all parties. Therefore, it would be reasonable to conclude that at least some modern business practices are either in the process of developing positive changes or have already included them in their business model. For an individual consumer, these changes are usually manifested in decreased product costs due to optimized resource use, coverage of previously unaddressed needs, and, in the long run, increased growth and prosperity of a community. A good example of such effect is the delivery and packaging optimization undertaken by several major retail chains. In many cases, the savings facilitated by such initiatives allow the companies to lower the prices of their products in order to retain a competitive advantage. From the customer’s point of view, the effect of such approach is twofold. On the one hand, the described process results in more attractive prices of the goods and otherwise caters to the customer’s interests. On the other hand, some of the strategies provide greater alignment with the customers’ views, values, and beliefs. A good example of such alignment is a product packaging of higher volume that reduces environmental impact while at the same time decreases the cost of an item. Admittedly, the described effects are usually negligible and only observable over a long period of time. In addition, it should be pointed out that from the customer perspective, some of the described initiatives are indistinguishable from corporate social responsibility programs without in-depth inquiry. Nevertheless, it is possible to refer to them as affecting me on a daily basis. The second area involves the applicability of shared value principles to non-business aspects of life. The concept in question prioritizes long-term strategic approach and emphasizes holistic nature of the relationship between the stakeholders. Most importantly, it provides feasible means of integrating the societal needs into the process of performance enhancement. In this regard, the generalized nature of the concept allows implementing it in everyday life to a certain extent. In other words, it is possible to perceive the concept as an overarching direction that is based on the mutually beneficial effect of actions for all involved stakeholders. Admittedly, this aspect is neither measureable nor well-defined. Nevertheless, I consider it a positive influence on my everyday life. The feasibility of the shared value business concept has not been established conclusively, mostly due to its broad scope. However, it is evident that in its current form it affects individuals on a daily basis. On the one hand, it offers tangible benefits in the form of reduced costs and improved coverage of needs. On the other hand, it provides a novel approach to handling the scenarios with conflicting interests. Thus, it is possible to perceive it as a positive force both in business and societal domains. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Trans-Atlantic Chattel Slavery and the Rise of the Modern Capitalist World System Essay The Rape of Africa The reading provides an extensive background of the historical rise and fall of the African nations. Before the emergence of slavery, Africa was just as developed as Europe, which is evident from the involvement of many black people in European politics (Dubois, 1946). This reading demonstrates the remarkable development of the African region, which many people today find impossible due to slavery. The Dawn of Freedom The reading gives a detailed account of the Civil War and the color line within its context. Dubois (2020) argues that although slavery was a significant part of the war, it was widely unacknowledged. What I find interesting in this text is how the separation of people by their race was such a controversial issue that even in a directly related conflict, people denied its importance. Introduction: Re-Grounding the Intellectual-Activist Model of Walter Rodney The introduction to Rodney’s Groundings is a detailed explanation of why the book is written and in what context it should be studied. The most remarkable detail about this introduction is the modern examples of racism: a denial to host black visitors in the Hilton hotel and dominance of white participants in beauty contests (Davies, 2019). The evidence of de-facto segregation provides a stable ground for many arguments that the author presents in the book, proving that the color line still exists. Hate Makes a Comeback The article argues that newly created hate groups create racial tension by their violent attacks on the immigrant population. The reading proves that although the historically capitalistic need for discrimination of people of color has ceased, cultural and ideological segregation still prevails (Avila et al, 2009). As evident from the emergence of the Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazis, the color line is still deeply rooted in American society. Georgia Restaurants Report Labor Shortages After Passage of Anti-Illegal Immigration Law The article voices many concerns of Georgia’s businesses in regards to the new anti-migration law. According to Redmon (2011), the recent policy resulted in many restaurants and farms facing shortages of workers. This example demonstrates the importance of widely oppressed immigrants for American businesses. It also shows that similar to the enslavement of blacks, people of color are still needed by the modern capitalist world system to sustain the economies. References Avila, J., Tribolet, E., & Francescni, C. (2009) Hate makes a comeback: Groups like the Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazis target Mexican immigrants . ABC News . Davies, C. B. (2019). Introduction: Re-grounding the intellectual-activist model of Walter Rodney. In W. Rodney (Ed.), Groundings with my brothers (pp. 2-6). Verso Books. Dubois, W. E. B. (1946). The world and Africa . International. Dubois, W. E. B. (2020). The dawn of freedom. In J. Benjamin (Ed.), Race and ethnicity: difference and decolonization (pp. 55-65). Kendall Hunt Publishing. Redmon, J. (2011). Georgia restaurants report labor shortages after passage of anti-illegal immigration law. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
From this video, I have learned about the meaning of briefing a case, how it should be done, and what is its goal. I have learned that it is an important part of the introductory process in understanding case laws. Its focus should not be on mastering the case completely, but to learn how the rule of law was applied in the particular case and how to use this knowledge in my future practices. The briefing would allow a student to be prepared for the professor’s calls and provide a better engagement during class time, which allows achieving better grades. With more knowledge, it is possible to switch from writing a separate paper about the case to simply writing the keynotes on the margins of the book. To master case briefing is to be able to articulate the rule statement after reading case law. The second video I would like to review is “Chasing Zero: Winning the War on Healthcare Harm”. This documentary film discusses the preventable harm done in hospitals. The point of this video was to convey the fact that nowadays it is possible to consider mistakes done in hospitals not as an inevitable part of the healthcare system, but as an unacceptable option. In the past, there were cases in which medical personnel was punished for malpractice, however, the fault was in the system, and their errors were the result of these flaws. It led to a certain fear for speaking out loud about the issue and some hospitals went in denial about the reduced quality of care. There is a certain need for the decriminalization of human errors to improve the healthcare system. A hospital views itself as a business and has to protect itself when liability is involved. hospital lawyers should not get involved only to manage risks after the incident, instead, they should do everything they can to right the situation. Patients are to become advocates of their own health and hold hospitals accountable. Thanks to the efforts of the National Quality Forum, there is a distinctive set of safe practices, technologies that help to prevent human errors, and enough finances to modernize the system. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The most common definition of the concept is associated with the absence of basic resources for an individual’s life. In terms of sociology, poverty is divided into two important concepts: absolute and relative (Van Krieken, 2013). Absolute poverty is defined as the absence of “the material resources” needed to meet people’s needs (Van Krieken, 2013, p. 221). Relative poverty is often defined as the lack of material resources needed to have the lifestyle acceptable in society. In the western world, when people speak about the concept, they mean relative poverty as the vast majority of the poor have certain resources although they cannot afford a lot of things that are seen common and necessary for proper living. In many South Asian or African countries, poverty is often absolute as thousands of people strive as they do not have food or money to buy it. As has been mentioned above, poverty has always been a part of human history. As for modern times, poverty is often associated with capitalism. Capitalism can be defined as an economic system “based on private ownership” where resources are distributed by the laws of a free market (Tischler, 2013, p. 402). Many theorists and practitioners have criticized this economic framework heavily. For example, Marx stressed that capitalism was an unfair world order that is doomed (Fracchia, 2017). However, some economists and sociologists have been less critical. Fracchia (2017) notes that Bernstein called capitalism an effective system that would be used for many decades or even hundreds of years. Irrespective of these differences in opinions, researchers, and practitioners agree that capitalism contributes to the spread of poverty in certain regions. It has been acknowledged that this world is characterized by a relative lack of resources or rather different access to them. Wealthier nations have access to almost all resources scattered across the globe while poorer countries cannot extract their resources to address poverty (Thompson, 2013). The United States has always been associated with capitalism and can be seen as an example of the major vices of this system. People focus on the accumulation of resources, which means that stronger, smarter, or simply more assertive people manage to receive and often take resources from others. Such ways and practices contribute to the spread of poverty as some people find it difficult or impossible to find resources for their proper living. Historically, certain classes managed to obtain a major part of the available resources, which enables their children to retain this position. Capitalism was often associated with the lack of morality and ethical choices, which led to disproportionate allocation and use of resources. References Fracchia, J. (2017). The untimely timeliness of Rosa Luxemburg. In W. Bonefeld & K. Psychopedis (Eds. ), Human dignity: Social autonomy and the critique of capitalism (pp. 105-131). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. Thompson, J. L. (2013). S ociology: Made simple . Oxford, England: Elsevier. Tischler, H. L. (2013). Cengage advantage books: Introduction to sociology (11th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Van Krieken, R., Habibis, D., Smith, P., Hutchins, B., Martin, G., & Maton, K. (2013). Sociology . Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Higher Education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cheesecake Factory’s Business Ethics and Conduct Essay Ethical and socially responsive conduct among business organizations has become crucial in the contemporary business environment. Ethical considerations have proved to have a significant influence on the business activities of organizations. In this essay, the codes of ethics and business conduct of the Cheesecake factory are examined in a bid to determine the extent to which they can influence the organization’s business activities. As already mentioned, the company under scrutiny in this essay is the Cheesecake factory. It is a multinational organization, which operates in the U.S, Canada, and several countries in the Caribbean region ( The Cheesecake Factory , 2014). It runs an assortment of upscale cafes and bakery facilities in about 170 locations across the region ( The Cheesecake Factory , 2014). Its code of ethics and that of business conduct are of great significance to its business activities. Sections of the Company’s Code of Ethics and Code of Business Conduct that is Significant to its Business Activities Both the company’s code of ethics and code of business conduct have areas that are of significance to its business activities. For example, in its code of ethics, Articles III and IV have a direct influence on the organization’s business activities. Article III touches on the standards that are expected to be followed by the organization’s senior staff. Honesty, ethical conduct, and fair treatment have emphasized These features among senior employees are critical for the Cheesecake factory because the senior employees include chief financial officers who have direct control over the organization’s finances. Fairness, on the other hand, is of importance to the organization’s reputation. Article IV cautions staff against engaging in activities that place them in direct conflict with the organization’s business interests. Senior staff can easily use their positions to serve their personal interests at the expense of the organization’s interests. Therefore, Article IV protects the organization against greed and unscrupulous behavior among senior employees. The code of ethics and that of business conduct applied to the remaining employees of the Cheesecake factory also have sections that directly relate to its business activities. For instance, Section C of the document is the most outstanding in terms of significance to the business activities of the Cheesecake factory. It extensively explains matters relating to the conflict of interest between employees and the organization. It places emphasis on such matters as engaging in business with relatives, external employment, corporate opportunities, and the handling of suppliers and contractors. The document points out that it is not permissible for employees to involve in activities that place them in direct or indirect competition with the organization’s interests. Steps to Ensure Adherence to the Code of Ethics The code of ethics of the Cheesecake factory can be enforced in a series of creatively formulated steps as outlined below. First, the organization should ensure that the code of ethics is thoroughly disseminated among employees. Various methods, including bulletins, company website posts, and newsletters, can serve this purpose (Mayhew, n.d.). Second, the company should thoroughly explain to its employees what the code of ethics requires of them. When this step is satisfactorily completed, the third step involves developing a comprehensive reward scheme for those who adhere to the code of ethics. All the employees must be aware of the existence of such a scheme. Fourth, employees need to know that the code of ethics is an integral part of the overall performance appraisal process. Finally, adherence to the code of ethics should be part of the long-term employee recognition and reward program (Mayhew, n.d.). These steps can help the Cheesecake factory to build a culture of adherence to the code of ethics and code of business conduct at all times. How the Cheesecake Factory can Engage in Socially Responsive Activities Some of the activities that the Cheesecake factory can engage in, in order to be considered socially responsive, include making itself accessible, social hiring, and stakeholder engagement (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). The idea of accessibility has to do with inclusion. To earn the approval and goodwill of the community, the organization can strive to project itself as an entity that espouses diversity among its employees and customers. Its products and services, employment opportunities, and information should be open to anyone who is interested in them. This way, everyone will feel included in the activities of the organization. In addition to making itself accessible, the organization can use social hiring to strengthen its position as a socially responsible organization (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). Social hiring implies that the company focuses on hiring marginalized members of the community who have challenges in getting meaningful employment elsewhere. By doing so, it can economically empower the marginalized members of the community and earn the approval of those who care (Carroll & Shabana, 2010). Finally, stakeholder involvement can also help the Cheesecake factory to project itself as socially responsible. It should seek an audience with its customers, employees, and the community at large over sensitive matters and ensure that it acts in the best interest of all the people involved. In cases where the groups do not agree over some issues, the organization can facilitate consensus building among them. Conclusion The Cheesecake Factory has done well over thirty years of its existence. Nonetheless, it can do even better if the matters pertaining to its code of ethics and code of business conduct are addressed in accordance with the proposals outlined in this essay. Ethics and social responsiveness are the key drivers of business growth in the contemporary business environment and must be embraced by all the organizations that seek to achieve success. References Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12 (1), 85-105. Mayhew, R. (n.d.). How to enforce a code of ethics through rewards . Web. The Cheesecake Factory . (2014). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Masdar City and a Global Clean-technology Group Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Masdar’s initiative 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Mubadala Development Company is a business development and investment company and its objective is to facilitate the diversification of Abu Dhabi’s economy and its focus is on managing long-term, capital-intensive investments that deliver strong financial returns and tangible social benefits for the Emirate (Harder and Gibson, 2011). This company was established in October 2002 as a Public Joint Stock Company and is a wholly owned investment vehicle of the Government of Abu Dhabi, in the UAE. Its board of directors include HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan –as the chairman, Mohammed Ahmed Al Bowardi as the Vice-Chairman, Khaldoon Khalifa Al Mubarak as the CEO and Managing Director and Hamad Al Hurr Al Suwaidi , who is a member, among others. Aiming to be the most viable city in the world, Masdar City a Mubadala – an Abu Dhabi government owned company, based in Abu Dhabi, is a developing global clean-technology group that places its local companies in the heart of the global renewable energy and clean-tech industry (Harder and Gibson, 2011). Masdar City is a high-density, pedestrian friendly development where current and future renewable energy and clean technologies are showcased, advertised, researched, developed, tested and implemented (Zaneldin, 2006). It is situated 17 kilometers east of the city of Abu Dhabi, and it is being designed and operated to provide the highest quality of life with the lowest environmental footprint in all manners that is commercially sustainable (Harder and Gibson, 2011). It is being built to host the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Masdar operates through five integrated units, including an independent, research-driven university and seeks to become a leader in making renewable energy a real, sustainable business in Abu Dhabi (Zaneldin, 2006). Masdar’s initiative Abu Dhabi’s Masdar City project was implemented to help Abu Dhabi become a leader in renewable energy technology in the face of decreasing oil and a rise of global weather due to Greenhouse gases (Zaneldin, 2006). The building will also eradicate carbon emissions and reduce liquid and solid waste and its complex will utilize sustainable materials and feature combined wind turbines, outdoor air quality monitors and one of the world’s largest integrated solar energy arrays (Harder and Gibson, 2011). In addition to being the first mixed-use net positive energy building in the world, it will feature one of the world’s largest building-integrated photovoltaic arrays, employ the largest solar thermal driven cooling and dehumidification system (Harder and Gibson, 2011). The city will be the first building in history to generate power for its own assembly, through development of its solar roof pier (Zaneldin, 2006). Masdar city’s electricity will be produced by photovoltaic panels, whereas cooling will be provided through concentrated solar power (Zaneldin, 2006). The new city will provide 70,000 news jobs. Furthermore, with the availability of solar power, the demand for power will decrease and power needed to power the city will be reduced significantly compared with a modern city plant and water consumption will be decreased to half the amount needed. Conclusion Masdar city is a developing global clean-technology group that places its local companies in the heart of the global renewable energy and clean-tech industry. The building will feature one of the world’s largest building-integrated photovoltaic arrays, it will also employ the largest solar thermal driven cooling and dehumidification system, and finally it will be the first building in history to generate power for its own assembly, through development of its solar roof pier before the underlying complex (Zaneldin, 2006). Mubadala’s objective is to assist the diversification of Abu Dhabi’s economy and its focus is on managing long-term, capital-intensive investments that deliver strong financial returns and tangible social benefits for the Emirate (Harder and Gibson, 2011). References Harder, E. and Gibson, J. M. (2011). The cost and benefits of large-scale solar photovoltaic power production in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates . Renewable energy, 2 (36), 789-796. Zaneldin, E. K., (2006) Construction claims in United Arab Emirates: Types, causes and frequency . International journal of project management, 5 (24), 453-459. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It turned out that the lands European people took were already populated. Native Americans have lived on those territories for centuries, and they did not understand why they had to give their homes to the newcomers. First Nations people initially did not have many options of reaction to the situation that they suddenly found themselves in. Some bands decided to fight for their territories. The forces were uneven and much more progressive in the skills of battling Europeans had many advantages. Such wars would not last long, and First Nations people had no chance of winning them. Another way out of the situation was leaving homes and moving to the lands that Europeans still did not occupy. This also could not last long as any territories have limits and boundaries. The tribes that picked this way soon realized that they had nowhere to go. The nations that decided to start an alliance with the new owners of the lands also lost a lot and were limited in many aspects. An alliance between First Nations people and Europeans, in the beginning, was promising for Native Americans. They gained protection in cases of conflicts with other Native bands. The Crown convinced the people of First Nations that in such alliances their rights would be protected better. From that moment till these days, the relationship between the First Nations and the Crown has been evolving and changing. It took generations of court cases to make some progress in resolving some of the issues. The arguments between the Crown and Assembly of First Nations are still going on. These days First Nations people are still fighting for their rights, governance, and accountability, the arguments have led to some progress, but mostly the people of First Nations are dissatisfied with their decision-making powers. After reading about the existing contradictions about the rights of people of First Nations, I learned more about their cultural development and the specifics of their lifestyle and organization. Native Americans truly have a culture that differs a lot from the culture of people that came to America from Europe. Our political organization and our understanding of the world around are completely different. First Nations people have carried their legacy through generations and have managed to save their culture the way it always was using avoiding interactions with the Crown. I think that forcing our way of living and our social and political structure on the bands of First Nations is unnatural for them. If they have not assimilated much through hundreds of years – it is strange to expect them to adopt our way of living now. Their differences have to be respected, although I agree that giving strong decision-making powers to the Native Communities would mean favoring a nation based on its ethnicity. This endangers the wholeness of Canada as a country. To sum up, the aboriginal idea about the obligations and duties of the Crown differs from the idea of the actual government; the range of responsibilities the aboriginal parties expect from the government is wide. Many issues remain unresolved these days. The government is working hard on achieving protection of multiple rights mutually, but accomplishing this without turning the laws and amendments of the constitution into a blind circle is still very difficult. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Audit of Service Environment in Organization Essay Service environment is vital in an organization because it gives the first impression of the products that are marketed in an organization. Whereas the quality of items in two firms could be the same, a consumer may prefer one over the other because of the environment in which the service is provided. It refers to the environment in which services are provided and comprises both interior and exterior factors. Also, customers and sellers interact. Service environment of a local coffee shop The local coffee shop has been chosen because of the cold environment in our locality. The shop is strategically located in the local market. There are several social amenities in the area. The target population is composed of workers from the surrounding area. The biggest population that takes coffee is composed of aging. This is for the reason that they believe in the originality of local coffee. Due to the presence of many social amenities, there are many people who come to relax after work. The surrounding environment is cool with many trees around, making the environment still. Soul music is played at low volumes, and there is a television set that is centrally located in the shop. There is also a DSTV area where football fans sit and watch football as they take tea. Thus, it is a good place for relaxing after work. The colors of the shop are bright enough to attract customers. The room has enough lighting. This makes customers prefer the shop rather than a nearby tea shop because of its dull colors. Utensils are usually clean and neatly arranged in the cupboards. They are medium-sized, and their colors are attractive and presentable. The walls of the shop have charts that give it a good appearance. The room is usually kept clean. There is a source of power, which highly attracts many customers for the reason that consumers’ mobile phone and other electronics are charged for free. The shop also has introduced modern technology, i.e., WIFI. This allows customers to enjoy free internet services at unlimited rates. Power is not limited and many customers like coming to purchase coffee because it is affordable, and there are no regulations about power consumption. As a result, those who use the internet for leisure are frequent customers. There are many trained staff members in the shop who dress in their neat uniforms. Ladies put on black skirts and white blouses, while gentlemen put on black trousers and white shirts. All uniforms have clear logos of the business organization. Some workers are trained in catering and hospitality, while others are trained in sales and marketing. Staff members who are trained in sales and marketing assist in marketing the shop within the locality. In addition, some personnel is trained in customer relations. Customers know the staff by their names and vice-versa. Staff attendants are friendlier to customers compared with others in the nearby coffee shops who stare at new customers and offer them less assistance. Shop attendants explain the many options and suggestions to consumers. The shop has good amenities, for example, the toilets are clean. Moreover, the shop has a community sense compared with other nearby shops. It participates in community development, giving it a good reputation. In addition to the fact that coffee from my shop is affordable, it is of high quality. Conclusion In conclusion, my coffee shop is very attractive, and many customers like coming to take coffee there. Their choices are driven by the factors aforementioned in this paper. For example, a sense of community, attractive colors, trained staff members, the presence of free internet services, and friendliness of staff members. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Global Fund for Women Organization’s Activities Essay Logic models are tools that allow individuals of a variety of professions to create a path that starts with a concept of service and ends with a specific result. In this assignment, the concept of a logic model will be used in the context of a social services organization. Through the use of a logical model, it is possible what an organization seeks to achieve in its practice, establish those that require the organization’s support, as well as determine what community services were needed for addressing the target problems. It was chosen to review the activities of the Global Fund for Women, which is an organization that focuses on the improvement of women’s rights through seeking financial support for the purpose of enhancing the rights of women around the world. According to the organization’s website, the vision of the Global Fund for Women is that every woman is unique and needs support in remaining safe and exploring her full potential. The organization’s mission is to “use our powerful networks to find, fund, and amplify the courageous work of women who are building social movements and challenging the status quo” (Global Fund for Women, 2017, para. 2). In order to achieve its mission, the Global Fund for Women uses the following logical model: * Targeted problems: women trafficking, abuse, discrimination, lack of education, early pregnancies. * Input: influence and advocacy, networking, and grantmaking. * Activities: In order to achieve its goals, the organizations increase its agency, action, and awareness, contribute to the increase of resources and power available to women, facilitates policy and law changes, as well as encourages changes in the mindset to achieve gender equality worldwide. * Output: financial support for women in need, the end trafficking and abuse, the end of discrimination against women, enhanced education of women in developing countries, treatment of health issues and support during early pregnancies, the improvement of women’s self-esteem and self-worth (Global Fund for Women, 2017). * Outcomes: creating a stronger movement for the rights of women, increasing awareness, and funding for achieving gender equality not only in developed countries but also worldwide. * Impact: to support the rights of women across the globe (especially third-world countries), secure laws that protect women against discrimination, facilitate women’s education, help establish new civil rights organizations and funds that have the same objectives, eliminate gender-based violence, establish a framework of political and economic rights of girls and women worldwide, help secure universal sexual health and reproductive rights of women (Global Fund for Women, 2017). Financial support of women across the globe is the key challenge that limits the success of programs that the organization implements due to the difficulties of finding sponsors and donors who could donate to the cause. In the evaluation of the program, it was complicated to assess what inputs go toward the achievement of the goal since the Global Fund for Women is an organization that uses any resources available to it. In programming staff, a logical model can be helpful for assigning responsibilities and establishing short- and long-term objectives. It is essential to understand that logical model used in the context of social and education services are hard to conceptualize (Brun, 2016). However, overall, the logical model used by the Global Fund for Women was identified as the one that focuses on the outputs and the impact of the implemented activities rather than inputs because the organization has a goal of helping women to overcome the struggles of their daily life no matter at what cost. References Brun, C. (2016). A practical guide to evaluation (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford. Global Fund for Women. (2017). Mission & history . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ford Motor Company as a Successful Business Team Essay In the 21 st century, the matters of teamwork and organizational structure have been in the spotlight of the experts’ and researchers’ attention. However, the concept on its own is not a recent invention, as the pioneers of business acknowledged the essential role of a well-organized team in the development of a corporate entity. The creation of a strong, functional team that works in a synchronized manner is not an easy endeavor. As Henry Ford once said, “coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success” (Di Feliceantonio, 2015). In this regard, the case of his company provides a vivid example of how a strong business team can create success in long-term development. Henry Ford is known for having revolutionized the landscape of the automotive industry, but his impact extends beyond one sector of global economy. Ford’s contribution to the rules of business, in general, make him a legendary figure and an important source of inspiration for business-related research. As per Riopelle and Wang (2019), Ford favored teamwork and believed in the prospects of mutually beneficial collaboration as a driving force of business development. Within his own enterprise, he is considered to be the pioneer of efficient organizational structures that utilize the joint efforts of the team to make the production process quick, reliable, and cost-efficient (Link, 2018). The assembly line is one of Ford’s essential inventions that became possible through the precise team-building around a solid central structure. His anecdotal decision to pay his repair workers for the time they rest rather than the time work to ensure that the assembly line remains functional for as long as possible is a case in point. The key to success lay in charismatic leadership that relied on shared values and clear, motivating priorities that guided the structure. Overall, the case of the early 20 th -century Ford Motor Company is one of the most prominent examples of successful team-building at the dawn of corporate studies. Henry Ford was able to create a fully functional mechanism that relied on a solid structure that paved the way to efficient production and distribution patterns. Subsequently, all links of this supply chain saw strong benefits of the organizational efforts made by Ford and his team. While it was not perfect, Ford Motor Company provides an important lesson for today’s research into organizational structure. References Di Feliceantonio, S. (2015). The American Dream Is based on a team . Web. Link, S. (2018). The charismatic corporation: Finance, administration, and shop floor management under Henry Ford. Business History Review, 92 (1), 85–115. Web. Riopelle, K., & Wang, X. (2019). Building a shared present and future: Learnings from Henry Ford and Albert Kahn’s Co-Wuity collaborative innovation network on the moving assembly line and mass production. In Y. Song et al. (Eds.). Collaborative Innovation Networks (pp. 3-41). Springer, Cham. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Significant Achievements of the Islamic Civilization Essay This essay would be based on the significant achievements that were made by the Islamic civilization form the time of Muhammad to the Abbasid dynasty itself. This religion came into existence in the Arabian Peninsula and then spread to different regions ranging from Africa to Southeast Asia. The extent of the speed with which this faith spread was certainly staggering but the sort of values that it propagated and the way it inculcated local values with the Islamic values resulted in some of the biggest civilization mergers to ever have taken place. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 346) During the earlier period of this faith, what was clearly apparent was the impact of the Christian and the Judaism faith but as this religion became more wide-spread its influences started increasing and hence, the integration of the Persian, Indian and the Arabic traditions. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 346)The sort of political and trade framework that came into existence after the advent of this religion resulted in the provision of a legal order that the Arabs had no former experience of and hence, the very base of a reformed society was created through the Islamic civilization. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 351) The source of the Islamic doctrine and Islamic thoughts consisting of the social and the legal regulations; Quran, was in itself one of the greatest books to come into existence as it provided the framework for the way a society should be operated and the beautiful poetry itself was an inspiration for all. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 348) The social and legal code that was initiated by Mohammed after he his expulsion from Mecca, he created a comprehensive social and legal code for the community and the sort of order that came into practice including the five times prayer was a new beginning for many Arabs who had lived the life of nomads until the advent of Islam. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 351) The sort of economic value creation activities that came into play after the advent of Islam included the business of economic exchanges via caravans, commercial ventures which was a great achievement for a civilization which had been bound a code which consisted of theft and robbery. Also, the sort of protectionist policies that came into existence as per the rules laid down by Muhammad for women; widows, charitable activities for the poor and lastly, the giving of alms resulted in some of the most ignored social segments being provided with their overdue recognition and introduction to a society which had never perceived them as equals. The creation of the five pillars of Islam resulted in one of the most powerful frameworks to have come into existence as it resulted in a set practice and code of life which was a true accomplishment as of now; most civilizations were unaware of such occurrences. The sort of military expansion that was seen was in a ways a learning experience for all those who were conquered as it taught valuable lesion in terms of military tactics and use of strategies.( Bentley H. J, Ziegler 351) The way Islamic values and ideas spread across continents exemplified the extraordinary nature of this incredible civilization. Reference Bentley H. J, Ziegler F. H. The Expansive Realm of Islam. Fourth edition Volume One. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Annual Bonus Schemes and Earnings Manipulation Case Study Introduction Compensations and benefits that the companies’ executives receive from the various kinds of earnings manipulations are regarded as one of the most significant incentives for corporate income management. Benefits and bonuses play a significant role in defining the accounting procedures and the key influences on managerial decision-making when they manage the accounting accruals. The most common assumption among the researchers of the accounting decision-making and incentives of the earnings management is that the approaches used by the managers involved in the earnings manipulation differ depending on the impression they want to create concerning the company’s performance. In its turn, the need to make an impression, alongside the aim of misrepresenting the information, has several incentives. The most important of them, in terms of managerial bonuses and manipulation of earnings, is the need to meet the benchmark of the analysts’ forecasts (Dechow 9). However, the important aspects of improving the understanding of the motivation for the accruals management among the senior-level executives include focusing on the analysis of the discretionary accruals, patterns of accruals behavior, and providing the cross-sectional study of the extent of earnings management. Annual bonus contracts for senior-level executives For the senior-level executives, the standard bonus is estimated at the rate of 20% of the overall compensation for the CEO (Holthausen, Larcker and Sloan 32). However, there are some variations in the systems of the bonus calculation. One of the approaches is the budget-based bonus plan when the maximum compensation is contractually defined. Although there are more problematic cases that include ‘shifted’ bonus plans for senior executive combining the short-run benefits with the annual bonuses (Walter 40). For those cases, the significant motivation for the earnings management would be the opportunity for the manager to increase their annual benefits through managing the company’s income. Fixed-target earnings manipulation Overall, it is problematic to define the motivations of the CEOs for the earnings manipulation in each particular case, according to the funding formula (Holthausen, Larcker and Sloan 30). Empirical results suggest that it is more likely that the executives are focused on their bonus plans rather than follow some standard patterns within the accounting bonus schemes when it concerns their annual compensations. Such assumption differs from the suggestions made by Healy (1985) concerning the fixed-target earnings manipulation (Healy 90). The main issue with the fixed-target approach is that the patterns of which discretionary accruals are used for the different types of accrual-based earnings manipulation are hard to define. From a broader perspective, it is also hard to apply to the situation when the managers have the compensation schemes affected and bounded to taxes or other regulations. Therefore, it is more likely that the managed accruals would depend on the manager’s insider bonus plan. Thus, in the situation when the compensation is below or highly above average, the income-decreasing accruals would be a more probable option for them to choose. However, with the average compensation rate, the likelihood that income-increasing accruals are managed is higher. Estimating earnings manipulation The alternative accounting methodologies would involve defining the average total assets in the discretionary accruals and trying to adjust them to other material assets of the company (Hand 602). Also, the other approach is the estimation of earnings management based on the company’s expenditures (Dechow and Sloan 65). For example, the assessment of the abnormal production costs alongside high research and development costs is likely to be one of the traces of the earnings management. Description of the data, empirical results, and data from Healy (1985) According to Healy (1985), the expectations that the analysts and other outside audiences define the approaches used by the firms’ managers who practice earnings management (Healy 98). The first most common cause of earnings management is the situation when the company’s performance does not reach the threshold of expectations, in which case the managers are likely ‘to borrow’ the profits from the upcoming fiscal periods. The different approach is used in the situation when the performance of the company is expected to be lower than it is in reality. In such a case, the managers can delay the earnings reporting. The problem with both strategies is that in both cases if the earnings management is practice continuously, the gap between the actual and reported performance becomes quite substantial. In this regard, the study by Holthausen, Larcker, and Sloan (1995) is similar to the study by Healy (1985) since they recognize both the upward and downward manipulation in the earnings manipulation. Income smoothing In terms of income smoothing, it is important to concentrate on the upper bound of the executives’ benefits. The investment decisions are not likely to be affected by the annual bonus plans. Moreover, in the cross-sectional perspective of the companies, the income smoothing shows a little consistency with the various expenditures, including advertising, research, and development, etc. Summary and conclusions Overall, the extremes (the lower and upper bounds) of the managerial annual bonuses, compensations, and equity offerings can be linked to the income management since they imply that the executives in charge want to gain their benefits from the company’s performance as soon as possible. Works Cited Dechow, Patricia. “Accounting Earnings and Cash Flows as Measures of Firm Performance: The Role of Accounting Accruals.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 18.1 (1994): 3-42. Print. Dechow, Patricia, and Richard Sloan. “Executive Incentives and the Horizon Problem: An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 14.1 (1991): 51-89. Print. Hand, John. “1988 Competitive Manuscript Award: Did Firms Undertake Debt-Equity Swaps for an Accounting Paper Profit or True Financial Gain?” Accounting Review 1.1 (1989): 587-623. Print. Healy, Paul. “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 7.1 (1985): 85-107. Print. Holthausen, Robert, David Larcker, and Richard Sloan. “Annual Bonus Schemes and the Manipulation of Earnings.” Journal of Accounting and Economics 19.1 (1995): 29-74. Print. Walter, Ira. “Using Incentive Compensation to Create Shareholder Value.” Journal of Compensation and Benefits 7.4 (1992): 40-45. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The learning process takes time and involves addition of new information to the already existing one. Learning may take place under several situations motivated by different factors. This may include learning for the purpose of getting an education, training in a certain field of expertise or as a way of developing oneself intellectually or spiritually. Acquisition of knowledge through learning may take place through formation of habits or through formal instruction as in the case of schools and other institutions of learning (Terry, 2006, p.38). In learning, cognition plays a very important role. Cognition is the ability of the mind to process information and apply acquired knowledge in the processes of decision making and problem solving. These are vital processes in learning. A change in behaviour as a result of personal experiences is considered a way of learning. This may involve several variations. The behaviour may elicit a reward or a punishment depending on whether it is positive or negative (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009, p.56). A reward reinforces the behaviour and increases chances of its repetition and adoption while punishment decreases the possibility of its repetition and adoption as a part of an individual’s character. It may also be developed from conditioning in which case a certain stimulus brings about a reflex response. Behaviour may be directly linked to experiences which are a great source of knowledge hence important in learning (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009, p.57). Learning may take place in different ways and all involve the active participation of the learner. Two types of learning include visual learning and auditory learning. In both types the learner uses his senses to receive information (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009, p.66). They are used by different types of learners because any given learner uses a specific sense for learning more than others. Visual learning is a type of learning that involves the use images to pass on information and ideas to the learner. These images include diagrams, maps, drawings, pictures and videos. Learners who prefer this method of learning find it necessary to form mental images of the information they receive in order to retain it. This type of learning is highly effective because learners can use the images to take in more information compared to other types of learning. This type of learning saves more time than others. Auditory learning is a type of learning that involves acquisition of information through listening. Its effectiveness depends on the speaking and listening ability of the learner. Auditory learners possess well developed auditory skills and contrary to visual learners who think in images, they present their information in words. The type of learning preferred by a learner depends on which sense is most developed (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009, p.66). There is a very close relationship between learning and cognition. Learning results in cognition considering that cognition involves different processes of the mind that process and analyze the information acquired through different types of learning. Cognition involves processing the information received in the learning process and also the application of the acquired knowledge (Baars & Gage, 2007, p.67). For example learning through multimedia presentations requires the student to absorb the information presented, process and analyze it. Cognition is applied in processing received information since the information has to be encoded and analyzed for ease of recalling (Terry, 2006, p.46). References 1. Baars, B. J. & Gage, N. M. (2007). Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness: Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience. London: Elsevier Ltd 2. Olson, M. H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2009). An Introduction to Theories of Learning (8th ed.) . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. 3. Terry, W. S. (2006). Learning and Memory: Basic Principles, Processes, and Procedures. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
History 2. Marriage 3. War 4. President of the US 5. Death 6. Works Cited George Washington was the leading military chief of the USA. He led the country from the year 1775 to 1797 and commandeered the army to seek independence from the colonists who were British. He was recognized not only as the commander in chief but also as one of the leaders who assisted in crafting the new constitution. This led him to be chosen to serve as the first president of the great free country. His efforts in establishing a clear governance structure has been recognized, as the main framework still exists (Brookhiser 34). Historians and scholars have rated his deep style of leadership and tenacious nature as one of the reasons that America was able to acquire freedom from its British Colonizers. History George Washington was born in 1732. He grew up in Westmoreland County, Virginia, where he spent most of his childhood. His father passed on when he was only eleven years old. This denied him the privilege of formal education. He later learned some skills in carpentry and surveying. He grew to be over six feet, which was unique at the time. Marriage Washington tied the knot in 1759. He got hitched to Martha Custis who was a widow at the time. At the time of the marriage, she already had two children from her former husband. Both Mr. and Mrs. Washington shared a house in Mt Vernon. At the time of his death, George did not have biological children from the marriage War Physically powerful, courageous, excited for battle and a natural organizer, young Washington rapidly rose to the rank of senior officer in the British. This followed a set of actions following his decisions that precipitated the French & Indian War. He was later chosen as the commander in Chief in the Continental Army, bearing in mind that he was experienced enough (Grizzard 90). During his tenure at the Continental army, he was able to expatriate the COLONIALIST OUT OF Boston. This was followed by defeat during the same year. He is credited as being a strong leader as he was able to keep the nation united even despite the wars that were ongoing at the time President of the US Washington was elected unopposed to the seat of presidency in 1789. This was set to repeat itself in 1792 where he was again elected unopposed to the same seat. The first swearing in ceremony was held in the City of New York and the second swearing in ceremony was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is important to note that this was the capital city at the time (Radd 45). His was gracious and modest enough to leave the seat of power to someone else as he assumed that if he assumed he would become dictatorial if he assumed the presidential role for a third time. This also portrayed his magnanimous character. During his watch, the first ten amendments of the constitutions were accepted. These amendments assure that the rights of American Citizens are always upheld Death Washington passed away on December 14, 1799, at his residence, Mt. Vernon. It was after his death that the US Capital was relocated to the present location which is Washington D.C. This relocation was implemented as a way of remembering the first president of the great Nation. Works Cited Brookhiser, Richard. Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington . New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. Print. Grizzard, Frank. A Guide to All Things Washington. New York: Mariner Publishing. 2005. Print. Radd, Thomas. (1974). Washington: The Indispensible Man. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Searching and Critiquing the Evidence Essay Week 5 Discussion identified that the symptom management theory (SMT) could help manage pediatric oncology patients’ symptoms. However, it is reasonable to find additional scholarly and primary research articles that comment on using the proposed theoretical framework. Thus, the paper will locate four academic studies, one of them is a systematic review, that offers timely and credible evidence to support the merit of the SMT. To begin with, one should introduce and describe the selected articles. Firstly, the research by Eckerblad et al. (2020) is a qualitative study that focuses on how older community-dwelling people with multimorbidity manage various symptoms. The authors demonstrate that the SMT promotes symptom self-management among the participants, leading to their positive experience (Eckerblad et al., 2020). Secondly, a quasi-experimental study by Khamboon and Pakanta (2021) demonstrates that the SMT is a basis for an intervention “to moderate the severity of symptom clusters” among adult patients with lung cancer (p. 267). This fact demonstrates that the theoretical framework leads to positive results when applied within an oncology setting. Thirdly, Torres et al. (2019) relied on the SMT to analyze how children and adults manage cancer symptoms and found that a difference was between experience and report rates. This conclusion means that the theoretical lens can be applied to a pediatric context. Finally, a systematic review by Schmid-Mohler et al. (2019) compares the SMT to other symptom management approaches and identifies that this theoretical framework has essential benefits. Sufficient evidence proves the advantages of relying on the SMT. It is reasonable to critique the articles to determine whether they present high levels of evidence. In the beginning, one should mention that all the selected research pieces meet the general structure requirements. It is so because the four studies have the introduction, methodology, results, analysis, and conclusion sections that are necessary for high-quality scholarly studies. The Duke University Medical Center Library (2009) critique strategy will be used to investigate this issue since it is a hierarchy of evidence as per research designs. This guideline demonstrates that the systematic review by Schmid-Mohler et al. (2019) has a high level of evidence since it offers reviewed and synthesized data. The quasi-experimental study by Khamboon and Pakanta (2021) follows this research in the hierarchy based on its level of evidence. Even though this article does not imply randomization, it is still an experimental design, leading to relatively credible results. Since the two remaining articles are neither systematic reviews nor include any experiments, they are placed lower in the hierarchy of evidence. This information demonstrates that articles with various levels of data introduce the benefits of using the SMT. In conclusion, the paper has offered essential data to claim that the symptom management theory can produce positive outcomes when applied to various populations and health conditions. The four primary research articles, including a systematic review, were located to understand how other scholars analyze the issue under investigation. It has been identified that these studies represent various hierarchies of evidence as seen from the selected guideline. It is so because a systematic review offers almost the highest level since it deals with reviewed and synthesized data, which allows one to generate valuable conclusions. Thus, the located articles bring valuable evidence of different levels to support the merit of the selected theoretical framework, leading to positive outcomes when applied to various groups and health conditions. References Duke University Medical Center Library. (2009). Evidence-based clinical practice resources: Hierarchy of evidence-based medicine (EBM) resources. Web. Eckerblad, J. Waldréus, N., Stark, Å, J., & Jacobsson, L. R. (2020). Symptom management strategies used by older community-dwelling people with multimorbidity and a high symptom burden – A qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics, 20 (210). Web. Khamboon, T., & Pakanta, I. (2021). Intervention for symptom cluster management of fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety among patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 8 (3), 267-275. Web. Schmid-Mohler, G., Caress, A.-L., Spirig, R., & Yorke, J. (2019). Introducing a model for emotional distress in respiratory disease: A systematic review and synthesis of symptom management models. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75 (9), 1854-1867. Web. Torres, V., Nunes, M. D. R., Silva-Rodrigues, F. M., Bravo, L., Adlard, K., Secola, R., Fernandes, A. M., Nascimento, L. C., & Jacob, E. (2019). Frequency, severity and distress associated with physical and psychosocial symptoms at home in children and adolescents with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 33 (4), 404-414. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Genius Coffee Company’s Marketing Project Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Brand Focus 2. Partnership with Gyms/Restaurants 3. Social Media Strategy 4. Reaching out to Customers 5. Conclusion The focus of the brand, taking into account the current characteristics of the market and consumer interest, depends on several factors. The promotion of a new product most effectively has some conventions that should be respected. One of these factors is the timely entry of goods at the right stage of the decision-making process. Regarding the product under consideration, Genius Coffee, this brand has not yet received sufficient customer recognition, and preliminary work to promote it is mandatory. Developing the right marketing campaign is an essential part of advertising activities. Therefore, it is correct to provide such a mode of activity in which Genius Coffee will be aimed at analyzing market preferences as one of the stages of the decision-making process. Brand Focus Since Genius Coffee is a product that has appeared relatively recently, preparatory work is needed before it enters the market. The decision-making process consists of several stages, and when taking into account the absence of a client base and partnership agreements, the greatest emphasis should be placed on analyzing the most effective marketing entry strategy. Genius Coffee has several obvious competitors, and the analysis of client preferences may help determine the optimal plan for advertising the product. Also, based on modern business principles, it is essential to think about how partnership agreements with distributors could be coordinated for the maximum rapid sale of this type of coffee. Partnership with Gyms/Restaurants Since the coffee brand in question is completely natural and contains no additives, focusing on health-conscious people can be a successful practice. Cooperation with gyms where visitors prefer to drink harmless beverages and restaurants where visitors often choose wholesome products may be based on promoting a healthy product. Using the brand for advertising can contribute to attracting the attention of consumers, and relevant promotional materials may be tagged in foodservice establishments and sports venues. Social Media Strategy As a media strategy, the principle of seeking recognition through product promotion is optimal for Genius Coffee. Advertising in social networks where users spend much time may contribute to the growth of interest in a new product. Also, as much information as possible should be found about competitive products and their features. Having relevant data on the specifics of sales and growth rates of certain products, it is possible to adjust the market entry strategy so that the brand in question could be accepted willingly. Reaching out to Customers The target audience for Genius Coffee is people who are willing to take care of their health. Accordingly, efforts are required to disseminate product information at sites where coffee sales may be the highest, for instance, in gyms. If the customers of these establishments are aware of the merits of Genius Coffee over other similar products in the market, this will be an additional initiative for purchases. Therefore, commercial proposals can be sent to relevant sites to establish partnerships with the leaders of gyms to obtain total profits. Conclusion The focus of the Genius Coffee brand should be aimed at the stage of marketing policy analysis in the decision-making process. The promotion of this product may be most successful among people who care about their health because this type of coffee does not contain any additives. As a social media strategy, promotional activities on social networks and other popular Internet platforms can be productive. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
People sometimes declare unique and unusual things that they believe, even though to others they seem silly. Such people are influenced by society and may be overly trusting, which nevertheless does not invalidate their beliefs. The disease is divided into several types, according to the DSM-5. Each type is characterized by specific behavior, depending on whom psychotherapy is conducted. The Erotomanic type is characterized by the person’s belief that the celebrity has a romantic interest (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2020). The person’s beliefs display grandiose about their high importance and power compared to others. The jealous type is prevalent in unstable couples in which one partner is too suspicious of the other. Based on this, marriages often fall apart because the partners cannot agree. Persecutory is the most common type in which people are haunted by an obsessive sense of surveillance or stalking. People complain to law enforcement, express constant anxiety, and experience anxiety. The somatic disorder often occurs when some injuries or circumstances cause the person to worry too much about their health. The etiology of the disorder remains incompletely known. Delusional disorder is not an early stage of schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder, as longitudinal observations of patients have not revealed a further change in the diagnosis of chronic delirium. However, biochemical abnormalities are due to abnormalities in the brain in which proper transmission of neurotransmitters is impossible (González-Rodríguez, et al., 2020). Genetic factors are not fully understood, but no direct correlation with schizophrenia has been found. The social aspect is thought to play a determining role in causing self-consciousness failures (Goodwin, et al., 2020). Causes include low social status, marital dissolution, child loss, frequent illness, and alcohol or drug use. The diagnosis of delusional disorder is performed comprehensively: physical and psychological examinations are equally important. Medical tests help establish the absence of apparent biological abnormalities and rule out some diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s or epilepsy). Consultation with a psychologist gives insight into the frequency of delusions, the presence of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, etc. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). After the conclusion of all data according to ICD-10 and DSM-5, a diagnosis is made, and a referral for treatment is completed. Psychotherapy serves as the primary means of treatment since pharmaceutical support alone does not demonstrate results. The psychotherapist presents the person with an accessible environment where it is possible to develop the correct behavior patterns and learn to recognize symptoms (Goodwin, et al., 2020). In addition, the risk of depression and self-harm episodes remains high until remission, so the therapist may recommend inpatient treatment. Changes in thinking and behavior to prolong remission and prevent relapse are at the heart of successful treatment (González-Rodríguez, et al., 2020). The predominantly delusional disorder occurs in episodes, although it may end in persistent remission for the rest of life. Nevertheless, consultation with the treating physician should be regular. Delusions and intrusive thoughts occur in any person, but individuals with delusional disorder often cannot distinguish between themselves and the real thing and find the right solution (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2020). Their delusions affect their social status, disrupting interpersonal relationships and leading to isolation. In addition, the exacerbation of illness and other disorders aggravates psychotherapy, making seeking help a considerable investment and effort later. Aggressive behavior and infliction of harm can arise because of pressure on the person. For example, when his position is called false, the person may commit rash acts in the neglected course of the disease (Goodwin, et al., 2020). Consequences of the disorder are present in any period of the illness but depend considerably on the type and duration of the illness. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . 5 th Ed. (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association, Arlington. Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Greene, B. S. (2020). Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World (11th Edition). Pearson Education (US). González-Rodríguez, A., Guàrdia, A., Palao, D. J., Labad, J., & Seeman, M. V. (2020). Moderators and mediators of antipsychotic response in delusional disorder: Further steps are needed . World journal of psychiatry, 10 (4), 34–45. Web. Goodwin, T. A., Lowry, T. J., Meurk, C., & Neillie, D. (2020). Treating the untreatable? The biopsychosocial treatment of delusional disorder: a case study. Australasian psychiatry: bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 28 (4), 433–437. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses as Advocates Essay The scope of responsibilities for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) has increased in the past years. One key task that constitutes an APRN responsibility is advocacy. APRNs serve as advocates for patients by availing them with adequate information to enable them make decisions that promote their health. They also conduct patient consultations thereby improving patient satisfaction and acting as a bridge between doctors and the sick (Schmerge, 2016). These healthcare professionals promote community health by spreading awareness on the prevention of diseases. In the past, advocacy was not considered a responsibility of advanced practice registered nurses. Although they provide care to patients by examining, diagnosing, and treating them, this was not defined as advocacy. However, they are now considered advocates because they are primary care providers (Schmerge, 2016). Additionally, APRNs have a responsibility not just to their patients but also to the public. For instance, advocacy currently involves political and legislative actions such as petitioning to policymakers to improve health infrastructure for the public. APRNs also advocate for their profession by fighting the legal barriers to their practice. One of the major issues in APRN practice is the regulatory framework that governs the profession. For instance, in some states, the law requires APRNs to be supervised by physicians. This restriction curtails advocacy because it prevents APRNs from performing to the full extent of their education and competence (Schmerge, 2016). A trend that can be observed in APRN advocacy is the increased blurring of roles between them and other medical professionals. Since advanced practice registered nurses act as advocates, they share this role with other healthcare providers such as physicians. Consequently, patients enjoy a high quality of care provided by the team-based approach adopted by these professionals. Reference Schmerge, M. (2016). Promoting Patient-Centered Team-Based Care: An Advocacy Toolkit . Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses, 1075. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Assessing Marketing Opportunities Essay The marketing strategies used by an organization play a pivotal role towards determining the success or failure of the organization. In order for an organization to market its products and services successfully, it must research and understand the needs of the consumers, and use this information to develop products and services that satisfactorily address those needs. One way of achieving this aim is by developing models that evaluate the consumer buying behavior within a given market. This paper shall describe the steps followed by consumers in the process of buying oatmeal manufactured by Quaker Oats Company. The cultural factors that influence consumers to buy this product shall also be discussed. There are five steps that consumers take in order to make a conclusive purchasing decision. The rate at which consumers pass through these stages depends on the price, place, promotion and product being sold. Below is a graphical representation of the consumer buying behavior: Figure 1: Consumer Buying Behavior Model In regard to the selected product (Oatmeal), the consumers recognizes the need or problem. This can be triggered by an internal stimuli (hunger), which drives the consumer towards buying this product. After identifying the need or desire, the consumer may or may not look for information about the product. If the consumer has used the product before, he/she may buy the product again. However, if the consumer has not yet used the product, he/she may obtain the information about this product from personal or commercial sources. For the oatmeal, commercial sources such as advertisements, packaging and dealers could be useful for potential consumers. The information gathered gives consumers a set of brand choices. In order to select the preferred brand, consumer compare and contrast the brand from a logical or evaluative processes. Some may use calculations (price and content preferences) or choose the product brand on impulse or intuition. After evaluating the alternatives, the consumer ranks the brands and decides which one to buy. The purchase decision is based on the price, income and expected benefits of the product. As such, the consumers may buy the oatmeal as a result of its competitive price, its health benefits and its impact on the consumer’s pocket. The post purchase behavior of consumers refers to the attitude and perceptions the consumers have in regard to the product’s ability to satisfy the identified need. During this step, consumers weigh their expectations against the performance of the product. If the gap between these two factors is large, the consumers will be disappointed, but if the gap is small, the consumers will be satisfied and delighted with the product. Cultural influences on consumers Buying Behavior According to Sheth (2011), cultural factors have a significant impact on a consumer’s buying behaviors. Cultural factors largely influence the wants and behaviors of an individual in regard to value systems, perceptions, material comfort and practicality among others (Sheth, 2011). In order to sell the oatmeal profitably, due consideration should be given to the culture, subculture and social classes within a given market. Marketers should do research in order to ascertain the income levels of the selected market segment, the value system of the consumers and the impact family and friends have on an individual’s purchasing process. Understanding how the aforementioned cultural factors impact buying behaviors will enable marketers to come up with a price and product that meets the consumer’s cultural expectations. In addition, such an understanding will enable marketers to promote the product in a manner that guarantees success. Failure to consider these factors may lead to dissatisfaction among the consumers, and losses to the manufacturers. Reference Sheth, J. (2011). Models of Buyers Behavior: Conceptual, Quantitative and Empirical . Illinois: Marketing Classics Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas” Novel by Thompson Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Analysis 3. Conclusion 4. Bibliography Introduction The novel “Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas” by Hunter Thompson is a brilliant example of the so-called gonzo journalism or probably it would be better to say autobiographic prose. There is no need to summarize its plot, it is the story of two people going to Las Vegas and experimenting with various drugs. The abundance of surrealistic images and flashbacks sometimes makes it very difficult to trace the development of the story. However, we should focus our attention not on the plot but on the hidden symbols of this book, although sometimes they just lie on the surface. Analysis As it is widely known, this novel is also known as “The Savage Journey into the Heart of American Dream”. The concept of journey is many-faceted, and it can be interpreted from various standpoints. In its direct meaning the name of this novel can be viewed as the trip to Las Vegas. However, this city symbolizes various concepts. Additionally their characters look at this city in their own unique way. “The Heart of American Dream” also can have positive and negative connotations. Our task is to show how this journey is viewed by some of the minor characters, how he or she perceives the notion of “American Dream”, and how it reflects his world perception. Regarding minor characters, we can mention the Hitchhiker, a young man, who is picked up by the two travelers. One should bear in mind that Hunter Thompson always contrasts other people with Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo. The narrator usually refers to him as “Okie kid” It should be taken into account that this expression has some derogatory connotations, meaning provincial, a rustic and unsophisticated person. This young man is reticent to the highest degree, and we do not know practically anything about his background. However, some of his phrased can give us some tips as to the personality of hitchhiker. First, he says, “Hot damn! I never rode in a convertible before”(Thompson, p. 7) This phrase only proves that Las Vegas or the “Heart of American” is terra incognita to him. This world of luxury is unknown to him. The narrator tells him “I want you to know that we’re on our way to Las Vegas to find the American Dream” The hitchhiker fails to see the irony of his words he perceives them literally. At this point, he does not know all the peculiarities of life in the “sin city”. Moreover, when he is being offered to take drugs (namely, ether, a fashionable sunstone in early seventies), he is taken aback. The only thing that the hitchhiker can utter is the bewildered “What?” For him, Las Vegas is the mysterious land, that attracts him, but this young man knows nothing of it, and now he faces Duke and Dr Gonzo, people who have often travelled to this “heart of American dream”. Hitchhiker is afraid of them, and regrets having set in their car. Finally, he runs away, having no intention to deal with the two travelers. Such character as the hitchhiker is to some extent symbolic, He represents an average young who is just to just about to taste amenities of the life in a big city , but this new life frightens him. Conclusion Thus, we can arrive at the conclusion that the author contrasts Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo with other characters, and this comparative only develops this concepts of “American Dream”. Bibliography Hunter S. Thompson, Ralph Steadman. “Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream” Vintage Books, 1989. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Capturing Crime, Criminals and the Public’s Imagination Essay Overview of the document “Capturing Crime, Criminals and the Public’s Imagination” The authors, Lippert and Wilkinson, question the effectiveness of some of the highly embraced surveillance systems like the CCTVs and CS. The authors focus on the privacy concerns about the display of images on these surveillance systems and how they can lead to the apprehension of crime suspects. The question that is explored by the authors here is whether these surveillance systems can be fully deployed in the apprehension of criminals given the fact that criminals are becoming more intelligent. Criminals can now manage to hide their identities even under these surveillance systems. Surveillance footages and privacy The article expounds on the privacy issue, where the authors raise concerns about the privacy level that is violated when the images from the surveillance systems are released to the public for identification and possible apprehension of criminals. Although clear images can be released from the CCTV cameras, the images often contain third-party players. Some of the third party players are the victims of crime. It predisposes third parties to possible risks. Under normal circumstances, criminals who are apprehended using the evidence, that is released by the surveillance cameras are bound to divert their agony to the background players by linking them to their identification or tracking. Therefore, the anonymity issue, which is critical in the detection and apprehension of criminals, comes under sharp criticism because of the use of CCTV surveillance to catch people who commit crimes. The question of embracing anonymity will remain to be rhetorical given the ease with which the CCTV footage can be accessed from the CS website. The authors also bring out another dilemma concerning CCTV surveillance. Some countries, such as Canada, have private guidelines requiring the firms to use CCTVs to notify people of the presence of CCTV cameras. The authors raise concerns about the disclosure of the presence of surveillance cameras and the possibility of compromising the security of the enterprises that have CCTV surveillance. However, questions are raised about the validity of the efficiency of the surveillance systems if all people are notified of the presence of the surveillance systems. It can give a chance to the criminals to conceal their identities under the cameras. While the law requires disclosure, there is no guarantee for the people who enter the stores that such footage is not being transmitted to the security organs. It violates the issue of privacy and anonymity when incidences of crime come up. Customers are sometimes victimized by the security organs, yet the security organs cannot ascertain that the customers are participating in criminal activities. The authors give the example of an erroneous transfer of CCTV footages to the police by a bank in Canada. The bank suspected that a customer was cashing stolen checks. It later turned out not to be the case. It is an example of how the character of the customer can be defamed, in addition to the psychological torture the customer can undergo. Surveillance footages and stereotyping of minorities It has also come to the attention of the authors that the surveillance systems can be used to promote racial witch-hunting. It is evident in several countries like Canada and Australia where the minority groups are overrepresented in the surveillance reports released from the surveillance systems. The authors note that the reports are released after the analysis of CCTV surveillance footage by the CS. The authors term this as the ‘ratchet’ effect, whereby surveillance is used as a means of victimizing the minority groups. Works Cited Lippert, Randy, and Blair Wilkinson. “Capturing Crime, Criminals and the Public’s Imagination: Assembling Crime Stoppers and CCTV Surveillance.” Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 2010, pp. 144–46. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Influence of African-American Culture on Rock n Roll Music Essay Rock and Roll were introduced to the mainstream in the 1950s by white musicians such as Elvis Presley. Rock and Roll was a distinct amalgamation of different genres of African-American music such as jazz, blues, and jump blues. The genre was mainly dominated by White musicians despite the significant influences from Black culture. Black artists in the early 20 th century developed distinct sounds that majorly impacted the development of different genres of music in America. Rock and Roll music owes its roots to Africans brought to America through the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The slaves carried with them a distinct music tradition rich in long melody lines, stringed instruments, and complicated rhythms 1 . They developed a unique genre of music known as rhythm and blues (R&B). This music tradition was born of the hardships faced by the early slaves. They used it as an escape from the cruelty of their White masters in a foreign country. Rhythm and blues remained prominent in the African American community until Rock n Roll became popularized to bridge the racial gap in the country. R&B developed from black spiritual songs and stories 2 . Rock n Roll borrowed many elements from this genre to create music that could be listed by both Black and White Americans. Jazz and country, which was predominantly listened to and performed by White musicians, heavily influenced the popularity of Rock n Roll. In the 1950s, the Civil Rights movement was just beginning. The emergence of the new music helped to boost Black artists to the mainstream, where they could contribute towards the national discourse on race 3 . The songs were mainly directed at a teenage audience and therefore faced a lot of criticism from the adults. However, performers such as Elvis Presley became so popular, promoting interracial relationships and exhibiting the robust qualities of African American music. References Friedlander, P., 1996. Rock and Roll: A Social History . Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. Bordowitz, H., 2004. Turning points in rock and roll . New York: Kensington Pub. Footnotes 1. Friedlander, P., 1996. Rock and Roll: A Social History . Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. 2. Friedlander, P. Rock and Roll: A Social History . 3. Bordowitz, H., 2004. Turning points in rock and roll . New York: Kensington Pub. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Three Documentaries on Nature Issues Comparison Essay “The Battle of the Amazon”, “The heart of the Andes” and “The Volga boatmen” are three different paintings done by different artists, but have some similarities and contrasts in terms of their themes and moods. ‘The Battle of the Amazon’, which is a painting done by Peter Paul Ruben in 1618, reveals a vicious battle; that is the Amazon’s battle. The use of the color red brings out the feeling that there is a loss of blood and life through the slaying of people. This is shown clearly through the action of the warriors who are at war with their battle tools. The representation of both people and the horses indicate that there is a struggle, while the use of dark colors points to the dark mood and the sadness of the situation. A general observation of Frederic Edwin Church’s painting “The heart of the Andes”, may allow one to conclude that the scene is a beautiful landscape. Nonetheless, closer examination depicts a dark and sad mood. The emphasis on dark colors brings out a feeling of sadness. This feeling is augmented by an instance of a grave and the people surrounding it. This indicates loss of life and the resulting sorrow. The painting also gives an impression of struggle through the trees alongside the river that are hanging loosely because the ground under them has been washed away, probably through erosion. The painting demonstrates a vast space that allows the mind to ponder beyond the limits of the landscape. Therefore, there is the urge to want to know what lies beyond the yonder, and as Edward (2001) puts it, ‘the eye is made to go through and beyond nature toward something ineffable’. Ryan Repin’s painting ‘The Volga boatmen’ also represents struggle, dejection, and sadness. This is demonstrated by the frail and poorly dressed boatmen as well as the outlook on their faces. There is the mood of exhaustion and bondage. Their looks indicate there is no alternative to the work they are doing, and that they are undergoing a lot of suffering. This is further shown by the fact that they are pulling a very large boat in the shallow area of the sea. In my opinion, this struggle reflects the life of early seamen, especially before the invention of modern technology that now aids in the docking of boats and ships. The extension of the sea to the horizon indicates that there might be more to what is visible in the eye. The three paintings are similar in some ways. In all three paintings, there is a theme of struggle and a mood of darkness. There is the consistent use of dark colors in all the paintings to show sadness, while the struggle is the main theme. Both “The battle of the Amazon” and “The heart of the Andes” illustrate the loss of life and sorrow through slain people and the presence of a grave respectively. However, there are also contrasts among the three paintings. There is extensive use of bright colors in ‘The Volga boatmen’ than in the other two paintings. This brings the irony of the sad situation as bright colors represent cheerful moments. In addition, the mode of the struggle in each painting differs. The warriors in ‘the battle of the Amazon’ show able, courageous and zealous, but vicious warriors. On the other hand, in ‘The Volga boatmen’ the men are weak showing a sense of hopelessness. The struggle in ‘The heart of the Andes’ is shown by trees and not by humans as in the other two paintings. Reference Edward, V. G. (2001). Painters of Faith: The Spiritual Landscape in Nineteenth-century America. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Management Information Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning Case Study Introduction Businesses require constant information to be processed and disseminated to the relevant stakeholders on time. To achieve this, they need Management Information systems. A Management Information System is a set of connected apparatus, mostly computerized combinations that continuously acquire raw and needed data from within and outside a firm. Consequently, the data is processed and stored in a central place called database where it is always updated and availed to those with authority to access it. There are several applications that are described in the case study. They are known as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. The disseminate information relating to financials, inventories, manufacturing, sales and marketing, as well as order management and procurement. The systems also assist in project management documentation as well s post-implementation performance measurement. El Alamein is faced by various challenges as they seek to implement the Enterprise Resource Planning systems. First and foremost, some heads of department have been resistant to change. They are used to relying on separate computers which were fitted with custom excel sheets so as to facilitate the operations. The second challenge was high staff turnover during implementation. It is clear from the case study that El-Alamein suffered loss of six crucial people in a period of six months only. High staff turnover is hurting for business because a corporation has already invested a lot in those people in training as well as other resources offered to them during their stay in the organization. In addition to heavy investment in the staff who left, their departure led to delay in the areas they were in charge of as well as repeating some of the steps already done during the analysis and set up stages. To mitigate the resistance to change, El-Alamein took drastic steps. Firstly, the company identified crucial persons from all major departments to act as agents of change. These agents were to take up the role of convincing the other employees on the need to embrace the system. Secondly, El-Alamein took it upon themselves to train users for the new system so that they understand how the new system will affect business operations. Lastly, the company took a step further by fostering participation by end users through inclusion of more employees than just the senior management when it came to decision making, analysis and implementation. In my opinion, the three steps taken to mitigate resistance to change are so bright. When you involve people and especially the junior staff in decision making, analysis and implementation, the process is bound to be smooth because the feeling of imposition and ambush is expunged. They feel part of the process and as such, they own it and would not wish to see it fail. Over and above, change agents, if well trained on their critical role can influence the viewpoint of other employees. They are trained to believe in the system/process first. Consequently, what they pass on to their colleagues is deep conviction from within them. This becomes easy to convince others in various departments. The Enterprise Resource Planning systems helped El-Alamein to reduce investment risks. In addition, the company has strengthened the process of integration as well as improving the rate of production. The efficiency in regard to handling of inventory is now rated highly. The IT investments have helped El-Alamein to initiate connections with multinational corporations. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Operations Decisions in Dairy Commercial Holdings Term Paper About the company Dairy Commercial Holdings is based in North America. The gap in the provision of a wide range pasteurized dairy products created the need to form a dairy company in the area hence the formation of Dairy Commercial Holding. The primary line of business of the company is the production and sale of daily products such as ice cream, frozen desserts, milk packing, yoghurt, and chilled dairy products among others. Products of the company are sold both in the domestic market and a number of neighboring countries. Dairy Commercial Holding is a public company that was formed by Brigham White in 2003. The owner raised capital from savings, note payable and bonds payable. In 2009, the company was listed on the stock exchange, thus making it a public limited entity. Environmental scan factors There are a number of models that are commonly used by managers to carry out environment scanning of their businesses. When making major business decisions, it is important to carry out an analysis of the possible impact of the decision on the business environment. Some of the models are PEST, SWOT and PESTEL. Based on these approaches, some of the factors that managers will focus on comprise of political, economic, social – cultural, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Out of the six factors, economic and legal factors are the most important in making decisions on whether to continue or to stop the operations of the business (Bhattacharyya, 2011). The economic factors will give information on the cost of production and the profitability of the company. It will further give information on various variables in the economy such as interest rate, exchange rate that are likely to affect future growth of the company. On the other hand, legal factors give management information on the various laws that might affect their decision. Some of the important laws are consumer law and employment law. All the other factors are significant however, economic and legal factors will have more impact on making the decision to close or continue with operations (Siddiqui, 2005). Evaluation of financial performance of the business Total cost of workers in a month = 100 * 20 * $70 = $140,000 Cost of other variable input in a month (20 working days in a month) = $2,000 * 20 = $40,000 Total variable cost in a month = $140,000 + $40,000 = $180,000 Variable cost per unit = Total variable cost / total number of units = 180,000 / 6,000 = $30 Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost The integral of marginal cost gives the total cost. Thus, from the marginal cost, we can obtain the total cost. Total cost = 30Q + C Where Q = units of output C = constant of integration and it represents the fixed cost Assume that the value of the fixed cost (C) is $100,000. Profit = Total revenue (TR) – total cost (TC) Total revenue = price * units of output = 32 * 6,000 = 192,000 Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost = 100,000 + 180,000 = 380,000 Profit = 192,000 – 280,000 = (88,000) Based on the calculations above, a simple marginal cost statement can be generated as presented in the table below. Dairy Commercial Holdings Marginal cost statement As at the end of the month of July, 2013 Sales revenue 192,000 Variable cost Labor 140,000 Variable input 40,000 180,000 Gross profit 12,000 Fixed cost 100,000 Profit (loss) (88,000) It can be observed that the company is making a loss. The sales revenue can adequately cover the variable cost of production but cannot cover the fixed cost of production. This implies that it will take the company a long period of time to recover initial costs of investment. How to improve profitability There are a number of ways through which a business can improve profitability. All these ways should be used jointly. The first plan is to reduce the variable costs specifically labor. This can be achieved by reducing the number of workers for example from 100 to 70. Secondly, the management should increase the number of units it produces and sells. The break even number of units for the company is 50,000 units. Therefore, management should increase production and sales from 6,000 units to a minimum of 50,000 units for it to cover the total costs. Circumstances under which the company should discontinue its operations The decision to shut down is made by the management of a company when the revenues earned from the goods produced and sold cannot cover the variable cost of production. Based on the calculations presented in the table above, it is clear that the revenues can cover the variable costs of production. However, the revenue does not adequately cover the fixed cost of production. Thus, Dairy Commercial Holdings should not be shut down in the short run. A major qualitative factor that management should consider before shutting down is the business surrounding. A favorable business environment will facilitate achievement of the various estimates provided in the cost benefit analysis (McGuigan, Moyer, & Harris, 2011). Other factors are the employee morale, schedule and other staffing related factors. References Bhattacharyya, D. (2011). Management accounting: Marginal costing and cost – volume-profit analysis. South Asia: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. McGuigan, R., Moyer, R., & Harris, F. (2011). Managerial economics: Applications, strategy, and tactics . Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Siddiqui, A. (2005). Managerial economics and financial analysis . New Delhi: New age international (P) limited. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In other words, art is a vehicle for social change, which allows generations from different cultures and times to communicate with each other through various forms, such as paintings, sculptures, literature, and music among others. From the Renaissance through Baroque, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, to contemporary movements, each art era has distinguishing features based on the underlying themes addressing relevant issues at the time. This paper analyses Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned from the Renaissance and Emanuel Leutze’s Washington Crossing the Delaware from the Romanticism movement. Madonna Enthroned Madonna Enthroned also known as Virgin and Child Enthroned (Ognissanti Maestà) is a painting by Giotto (Vespignano, Vicchio di Mugello) using the tempera on wood technique between 1300 and 1305. It was created in Italy and it belongs to the Early Renaissance Movement. In the painting, Virgin Mary is seated on a throne while holding baby Jesus in her arms – a view that elicits the image of a queen seated on a throne. This iconography births the title Maestà, which is the Italian word for Majesty. The Virgin, who is the ceremonial Queen of Heaven, holds a baby on her lap surrounded by angels. The baby’s right hand is raised as a sign of giving blessing while his left hand holds a scroll to symbolize knowledge. The throne is surrounded by a multicolored tabernacle, which is reminiscent of Gothic Architecture that was popular during this time. This painting was highly influenced by the concept of humanism as an emergent ideology during the Renaissance characterized by intense inventiveness and revived interest in literature and learning. The focus during this era was on human beings, their endeavors, responsibilities, and the quest for the common good. Humanism, according to Sachant et al., is “the belief that people are naturally good and that problems can be solved using reason instead of religion” (128). This assertion explains why the focus in this painting is on the Virgin, who is depicted as a queen, a Madonna, as a way of giving her human embodiment. During the Middle Ages, religion defined the Sacred Culture, which in turn shaped the way of thinking and life (Yu 452). However, artists during the Renaissance sought a rebirth, and this aspect explains Giotto’s attempt to incorporate elements of humanism in this painting by portraying the Virgin as a queen. Similarly, baby Jesus holds a scroll in his left hand to symbolize knowledge – a central issue during the 14th century. As mentioned earlier, the belief that reason, as opposed to religion, could be used to solve life’s problems was hinged on the quest to pursue knowledge and celebration of human intellectual and creative accomplishments. Washington Crossing the Delaware Washington Crossing the Delaware is an oil on canvas painting by Emanuel Leutze in 1851 in New York and it belongs to the Romanticism movement. In the painting, George Washington is standing on a rowboat with the bright morning light illuminating his face to capture the underlying determination and heroism. Behind him are armed individuals drawn from various American colonies as a show of the revolutionary cause and strength in pursuit of a common goal of liberation. The colors used in the painting are mostly dark with a few red highlights. The people in the boat are diverse including two farmers, a rower, western riflemen, an African, a man in a Scottish bonnet, and a Native American at the back to underscore the diversity of the American colonies and the unity that they embodied as they sought freedom from their colonial masters. This painting captures Washington’s daring attack in December 1776 when he crossed the Delaware River to invade a Hessian garrison in Trenton, New Jersey. By creating this painting in 1851, almost 75 years later after Washington’s attack, Leutze wanted to inspire liberal reformers to continue fighting for their course during the European Revolutions of 1848. According to Merriman, the European Revolutions were liberal in nature with the objective of dethroning monarchical structures across Europe and replacing them with independent states (715). Therefore, Leutze, inspired by Romanticism – the intellectual and artistic movement that was a product of the Enlightenment seeking freedom for all mankind, hoped that reformers of his time would borrow from Washington’s bravery and continue to agitate for independence. As such, it suffices to argue that the central theme in this painting is Washington’s courage and resolve to fight for freedom. The unity toward a common course of liberation as depicted by the diversity of the people on the boat was also meant to inspire all Europeans to come together and fight for their freedom. Leutze thus hoped that the patriotic pride of the American people as portrayed in the painting would significantly add to the European Revolutions, which were ongoing at the time of creating this piece of art. This assertion fits well into the Romanticism movement and the Enlightenment, which were the major influencing factors from where Leutze drew his ideas. Works Cited Merriman, John. A History of Modern Europe: From the French Revolution to the Present . W.W. Norton & Company, 1996. Sachant, Pamela. Introduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning . University of North Georgia, 2016. Yu, Jenny. “The Influence of Renaissance and Religious Reform on the Development of Music and Art Style.” International Conference on Humanities and Social Science 2016 . Atlantis Press, 2016, pp. 452-456. Appendix Selected Artworks Image 1: Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned. Image 2: Emanuel Leutze’s Washington Crossing the Delaware. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Creating Classroom Community Network for Student” by Korinek, Walther-Thomas, McLaghlin, Williams Critical Essay Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. Descriptors and the key points 3. Thoughts, reactions, and criticisms of the article 4. Reference Abstract The chosen article is aimed at showing why classroom communities are important for the wellbeing of the child. Moreover, the authors describe the strategies for creating them. Furthermore, the researchers identify the elements of the support network which is necessary for creating a more inclusive environment in the modern schools. Descriptors and the key points 1. Classroom community, support network, inclusive. 2. The creation of classroom communities is important for strengthening students’ sense of belonging to school and increasing his/her commitment to learning activities (Korinek, Walther-Thomas, McLaughlin, & Williams, 1999). This article is important because the authors identify a set of strategies that educators can use in order to create a more inclusive environment; so this source has practical implications. The topic is not entirely new because it has already been examined by various researchers. Nevertheless, the scholars synthesize various approaches and integrate them into a single framework which can be applied by teachers. This is one of the innovative elements that can be singled out. Overall, this article can be of great interest to students and educators. Thoughts, reactions, and criticisms of the article 1. This source can enable me to get a better idea about different techniques that are important for the work of educators. In particular, this article can help me better cope with my professional duties. One of my major responsibilities will be to promote the academic, social and moral development of a child.In turn, researchers identify different methods that can benefit students; for example, one can mention the formation of cooperative learning groups, the orientation of new students, the establishment of interest clubs, and so forth (Korinek et al., 1990, p. 5). The knowledge of these approaches can make me more prepared for various challenges. So, it can contribute to my professional development. 2. A teacher can apply the information from this article in his/her classroom activities, and I may rely on some of the methods depicted by researchers. For example, I would like to mention the use of cooperative learning groups because this approach is important for promoting learners’ teamwork (Korinek et al., 1990).Furthermore, this approach is useful because it enables students to learn more from one another. For example, in this way, they can better understand the strengths and weaknesses of different learning styles. There are other valuable tools that can be applied in the classroom; for instance, one can speak about positive discipline policies. 3. Overall, this ideas expressed by the authors are quite consistent with my own views on this topic. The researchers regard school as the community in which a child can acquire various intellectual and social skills. Moreover, this education should help him/her understand the importance of ethical norms.In my view, these tasks are quite justified; furthermore, the method described by researchers can be used to achieve this goal. Much attention should be paid to the creation of classroom communities that promote the cooperation of learners inside and outside the classroom. 4. The discussion provided by the authors can be valuable for explaining some of the observations that I made during my experiences in school.For instance, in many cases, learners can lose interest in certain subjects such as mathematics or physics because there is no academic support system which helps a student overcome possible difficulties. Sometimes, this individual can lose motivation. So, such methods as after-school tutoring and homework clubs can be very useful because they ensure that a student can improve his/her academic performance. Additionally, the methods described by researchers are useful for minimizing deviant behaviors that often undermine the development of students. These are some of the benefits that should not be overlooked. 5. This article has prompted me to think about the responsibilities of teachers and school administrators. The researchers highlight the idea that they can create an inclusive environment which can effectively support various needs of learners.More importantly, the strategies outlined in this article do not require considerable investments. However, in many cases, this goal is not achieved. So, more attention should be paid to the professional development of future educators since this policy can eventually improve the experiences of students. In particular, they should understand how his/her behavior is affected different external factors. Moreover, they should understand how to minimize the negative influences such as peer pressure. Additionally, they should know how to integrate educational approaches into a single framework. This is one of the points that can be made. 6. There are several questions that remain unanswered in this article. In particular, it is important to show how these strategies can be implemented in the neighborhoods which can be affected by poverty or crime. Under such circumstances, the task of educators can become more challenging.Additionally, one should focus more on the specific steps involved in the implementation of different methods outlined in this article. This information can be useful for the practical activities of teachers. These are some of the limitations that one should take into account. Reference Korinek, L., Walther-Thomas, C., McLaghlin V., & Williams, B. (1990). Creating classroom community network for student. Intervention in School and Clinic, 35 (1), 3-8. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Traditional Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolutions Report (Assessment) Traditional litigation occurs when the offended person reports the offense to a court. In this phenomenon, only the accused and the plaintiff appear in court where the court or jury makes a verdict in accordance to the evidence presented by the parties (Kubba, 2012). Usually, the court evaluates the rules that apply to the case and makes a final decision. Traditional litigation depends on the ability of the parties to provide evidence (Molot, 2009). This means that if a person commits offense and the complainant fails to provide adequate evidence, the court cannot make a decision or punish the accused. A pretrial allows recognition of persons participating in the case and the conflicting issue. According to Kubba (2012) “A trial occurs when the court selects a jury and the parties and their attorneys begin by giving opening statements” (p. 413). The trial allows the parties to discover the weak points of their evidence and build strong evidence when the court process proceeds. The costs and duration involved when corporations employ traditional litigation causes calls for better methods for resolving disputes. The process is expensive plus time consuming and any organization using it poses risks to its entire operations. Most corporations prefer Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) because it reduces expenditure plus risks (Cheeseman, 2010). Unlike traditional litigation, methods of resolution such as negotiation are preferable because they can safeguard information of the organization. This helps maintain the image of the organization and thus; ensures proper customer relationship. In case of mediation, the mediator is to make neutral decisions in order to resolve conflicts in an amicable manner (Molot, 2009). What are the risks that businesses and other organizations encounter when dealing with traditional litigation? Organizations found in disputes are susceptible to various business risks because of the situation of the court system. Liquidity may be inevitable where a corporation utilizes most of its resources tackling cases in court (Cheeseman, 2010). Managers should ensure incorporation of Alternative dispute resolutions (ADRs) in order to reduce these risks. Tradition litigation results to time drags due to the nature of the court system. The time wasted affects the wellbeing and operations of the business (Molot, 2009). This results to the inability for the organization to sustain itself by funding it operation and remunerating its employees. Organization image is a fundamental aspect to a successful organization. Use of traditional means for dispute settling may alter its image. This occurs when the public commences to view the organization in a negative way. This perception towards an organization is deleterious and affects the welfare of an organization even to the extent of bankruptcy (Cheeseman, 2010). Traditional litigation is expensive; any organization practicing it risks the courts charges that may drag it to economic failure. Employing traditional litigation in an organization does not yield proper results due to uncertainty. It is not easy to predict the judgment of the court or jury in matters that concern user protection (Molot, 2009). Where might ADR be a more appropriate measure in order for business managers to reduce those risks? Reduction of risks involved in traditional litigation is possible if organizations incorporate Alternative dispute resolution. Cases that concern consumer rights can affect business operations if settled in court. If managers approach such issues through negotiations or mediation, organizations can preserve their image (Cheeseman, 2010). However, the organization should ensure quality of product plus service in order to avoid repetition of the error. Mediation is likely to work where disputes exist between organizations. Here, both organizations can save costs and delays associated with trials and pretrial processes (Molot, 2009). References Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). Business law : Legal environment, online commerce, business ethics, and international issues . Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kubba, S. (2012). Handbook of green building design and construction : Leed, Breeam, and Green Globes . Waltham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Molot, J. T. (2009). A Market in Litigation Risk. University Of Chicago Law Review, 76 (1), 367-439. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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