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Tethys (moon) | Téthys (lune) | Tethys ( or ), or Saturn III, is a mid-sized moon of Saturn about across. It was discovered by G. D. Cassini in 1684 and is named after the titan Tethys of Greek mythology. | Téthys (S III Tethys) est l'une des lunes de Saturne. Elle a été découverte en 1684 par Jean-Dominique Cassini "alias" Giovanni Domenico Cassini. | [
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Iapetus (moon) | Japet (lune) | Iapetus is the third-largest natural satellite of Saturn, eleventh-largest in the Solar System, and the largest body in the Solar System known not to be in hydrostatic equilibrium. Discoveries by the "Cassini" mission in 2007 revealed several unusual features, such as a massive equatorial ridge running three-quarters of the way around the moon. | Japet (S VIII Japet ; désignation internationale "Iapetus") est un satellite naturel de Saturne, le troisième plus grand satellite de la planète par la taille. Il fut découvert en 1671 par Jean-Dominique Cassini. | [
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Apostolic Signatura | Tribunal suprême de la Signature apostolique | The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura () is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church (apart from the pope himself, who as supreme ecclesiastical judge is the final point of appeal for any ecclesiastical judgment). In addition, it oversees the administration of justice in the church. | Le Tribunal suprême de la Signature apostolique est la juridiction supérieure du Saint-Siège, siégeant dans le palais de la Chancellerie apostolique, au Vatican. | [
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Graphite | Graphite | Graphite (), archaically referred to as plumbago, is a crystalline form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It occurs naturally in this form and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Under high pressures and temperatures it converts to diamond. Graphite is used in pencils and lubricants. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Its high conductivity makes it useful in electronic products such as electrodes, batteries, and solar panels. | Le graphite est une espèce minérale qui est, avec le diamant, la lonsdaléite et la chaoite, l'un des allotropes naturels du carbone. | [
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Mascarene Islands | Mascareignes | The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their name derives from the Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas, who first visited them in April 1512. The islands share a common geologic origin in the volcanism of the Réunion hotspot beneath the Mascarene Plateau and form a distinct ecoregion with a unique flora and fauna. | Les Mascareignes sont un archipel de l'océan Indien formé de trois îles principales, La Réunion, l'île Maurice et Rodrigues, ainsi que plusieurs petites îles proches. Cet archipel est partagé entre deux pays : la France avec La Réunion et Maurice avec le reste de l'archipel. Agaléga et les écueils des Cargados Carajos (Saint-Brandon) appartiennent à Maurice et sont parfois rattachées aux Mascareignes. | [
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Captain Haddock | Capitaine Haddock | Captain Archibald Haddock () is a fictional character in "The Adventures of Tintin", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is one of Tintin's best friends, a seafaring pipe-smoking Merchant Marine Captain. | Archibald Haddock, dit le capitaine Haddock, est l'un des personnages principaux de la série de bande dessinée "Les Aventures de Tintin", créée par le dessinateur belge Hergé. Personnage de fiction, il est capitaine de marine marchande et meilleur ami de Tintin. | [
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System administrator | Administrateur système | A system administrator, or sysadmin, is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers, such as servers. The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers they manage meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when doing so. | En informatique, le titre d'administrateur systèmes désigne la personne responsable des serveurs d'une organisation (entreprise, association, administration). Il travaille au sein d'une DSI (direction des systèmes d'information) ou d'une SSII (société de services en ingénierie informatique). L'administrateur systèmes intervient auprès du DSI (directeur des systèmes d'information), des DBA ("Database Administrator", administrateur de bases de données), des administrateurs réseau, des webmestres et apparentés, des développeurs, des responsables bureautique (postes de travail) et enfin des usagers. Il est responsable de la disponibilité des informations au sein de son entreprise. Son rôle ne se limite pas à la résolution des problèmes, mais il doit proposer des solutions en adéquation avec les besoins de son client. | [
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Roman Rota | Rote romaine | The Roman Rota, formally the Apostolic Tribunal of the Roman Rota (), and anciently the Apostolic Court of Audience, is the highest appellate tribunal of the Catholic Church, with respect to both Latin-rite members and the Eastern-rite members and is the highest ecclesiastical court constituted by the Holy See related to judicial trials conducted in the Catholic Church. An appeal may be had to the pope himself, who is the supreme ecclesiastical judge. The Catholic Church has a complete legal system, which is the oldest in the West still in use. The court is named "Rota" (wheel) because the judges, called "auditors", originally met in a round room to hear cases. The Rota was established in the 13th century. | La Rote romaine est l'un des trois tribunaux de l'Église catholique romaine. Ses bureaux sont situés au palais de la Chancellerie apostolique à Rome. | [
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Professor Calculus | Professeur Tournesol | Professor Cuthbert Calculus (, meaning "Professor Tryphon Sunflower") is a fictional character in "The Adventures of Tintin", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is Tintin's friend, an absent-minded professor and half-deaf physicist, who invents many sophisticated devices used in the series, such as a one-person shark-shaped submarine, the Moon rocket, and an ultrasound weapon. Calculus's deafness is a frequent source of humour, as he repeats back what he thinks he has heard, usually in the most unlikely words possible. He does not admit to being near-deaf and insists he is only a little hard of hearing in one ear. | Tryphon Tournesol, ordinairement appelé « Monsieur Tournesol » puis Professeur Tournesol, est un personnage fictif, grand scientifique et inventeur. Il est l'un des personnages principaux des "Aventures de Tintin" par Hergé. | [
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Sologne | Sologne | The Sologne is a region of north-central France extending over portions of the departements of Loiret, Loir-et-Cher and Cher. Its area is about. To its north is the river Loire, to its south the river Cher, while the districts of Sancerre and Berry are to its east. | La Sologne est une région naturelle forestière française de la région Centre-Val de Loire comprise entre la Loire et l'un de ses affluents, le Cher. | [
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Neologism | Néologisme | A neologism (; from Greek νέο- "néo-", "new" and λόγος "lógos", "speech, utterance") is a relatively recent or isolated term, word, or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but that has not yet been fully accepted into mainstream language. Neologisms are often driven by changes in culture and technology,. In the process of language formation, neologisms are more mature than protologisms. A word whose development stage is between that of the protologism (freshly coined) and neologism (new word) is a "prelogism". | Un néologisme est un mot (nom commun, adjectif, expression) nouveau ou apparu récemment dans une langue, le phénomène de création de nouveaux mots communs étant appelé, de manière générale, « néologie ». Les linguistes distinguent : | [
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Baptism | Baptême | Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα "baptisma") is a Christian rite of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into Christianity. It may be performed by sprinkling or pouring water on the head, or by immersing in water either partially or completely. The synoptic gospels recount that John the Baptist baptised Jesus. Baptism is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an ordinance in others. Baptism is also called christening, although some reserve the word "christening" for the baptism of infants. It has also given its name to the Baptist churches and denominations. | Le baptême ou baptême d'eau est un rite ou un sacrement symbolisant la nouvelle vie du croyant chrétien. Il est partagé par la quasi-totalité des Églises chrétiennes, étant donné son importance dans les textes bibliques. L'eau symbolise à la fois la mort par noyade des baptisés dans leur ancienne vie caractérisée par le péché, et leur nouvelle naissance dans une vie nouvelle et éternelle. | [
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Marlinspike Hall | Château de Moulinsart | Marlinspike Hall ( ) is Captain Haddock's country house and family estate in "The Adventures of Tintin", the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. | Le château de Moulinsart est un château situé dans la localité fictive éponyme et imaginé par Hergé pour sa série de bande dessinée "Les Aventures de Tintin". Tintin y est l'hôte du capitaine Haddock à la fin de la série. | [
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Fuselage | Fuselage | The fuselage (; from the French "fuselé" "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, and cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an engine, as well, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage, which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, which is required for aircraft stability and maneuverability. | Le fuselage est la carcasse en forme de fuseau constituant le corps d'un avion ou d'un planeur et dont la forme facilite la pénétration dans l'air. Il est, avec la voilure, l'empennage et le train d'atterrissage, un constituant de la cellule d'un aérodyne. Il est aménagé pour contenir la charge utile transportée, ainsi que le poste d'équipage. Le fuselage est le point d'attache de la voilure et de l'empennage ainsi que, fréquemment, le train d'atterrissage. Il peut aussi contenir tout ou partie du groupe motopropulseur. | [
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Grigori Rasputin | Grigori Raspoutine | Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (; ; – ) was a Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who befriended the family of Emperor Nicholas II, the last monarch of Russia, and gained considerable influence in late imperial Russia. | Grigori Efimovitch Raspoutine, par la suite Raspoutine-Novyi (en ), probablement né le dans le village de Pokrovskoïe et mort assassiné le, est un pèlerin, mystique et guérisseur russe. Il a été le confident d'Alexandra Feodorovna, épouse de l'empereur Nicolas II, ce qui lui a permis d'exercer une forte influence au sein de la cour impériale russe. | [
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Soap opera | Soap opera | A soap opera is a radio or television serial dealing especially with domestic situations and frequently characterized by melodrama and sentimentality. The term "soap opera" originated from radio dramas being sponsored by soap manufacturers. | Un (anglicisme, parfois abrégé en ') ou roman-savon"' (au Québec) est un type de feuilleton radiodiffusé ou télévisé. Cette désignation provient du fait que les premiers feuilletons radiophoniques américains étaient produits et commandités par des fabricants de savon et autres produits d'hygiène comme Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive et Lever Brothers. Aux États-Unis, les premiers "soap operas" étaient radiodiffusés en semaine, à une heure où ils pouvaient être suivis par les femmes au foyer ; ces feuilletons sont donc conçus à l’origine pour une audience majoritairement féminine. | [
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Winter | Hiver | Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones (winter does not occur in most of the tropical zone). It occurs after autumn and before spring in each year. Winter is caused by the axis of the Earth in that hemisphere being oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. In many regions, winter is associated with snow and freezing temperatures. The moment of winter solstice is when the Sun's elevation with respect to the North or South Pole is at its most negative value (that is, the Sun is at its farthest below the horizon as measured from the pole). The day on which this occurs has the shortest day and the longest night, with day length increasing and night length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunset and latest sunrise dates outside the polar regions differ from the date of the winter solstice, however, and these depend on latitude, due to the variation in the solar day throughout the year caused by the Earth's elliptical orbit (see earliest and latest sunrise and sunset). | L'hiver est l’une des quatre saisons de l’année dans les zones tempérées et polaires de la Terre. L'hiver suit l'automne et précède le printemps. Il existe plusieurs définitions de l'hiver : astronomique (saison comprenant les jours les plus courts de l'année), météorologique (saison comprenant les mois les plus froids de l'année), et calendaire (dont les dates varient selon les pays). | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Pulsejet | Pulsoréacteur | A pulsejet engine (or pulse jet) is a type of jet engine in which combustion occurs in pulses. A pulsejet engine can be made with few or no moving parts, and is capable of running statically (i.e. it does not need to have air forced into its inlet, typically by forward motion). | Le pulsoréacteur est un moteur à réaction cyclique,, et développé spécialement pour la bombe volante allemande V1 durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. | [
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Project manager | Chef de projet | A project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers have the responsibility of the planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any undertaking that has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are first point of contact for any issues or discrepancies arising from within the heads of various departments in an organization before the problem escalates to higher authorities, as project representative. | Le chef de projet (CDP) est la personne chargée de mener un projet et de gérer son bon déroulement. De manière générale, il anime une équipe pendant la durée du ou des divers projets dont il a la charge. | [
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Enceladus | Encelade (lune) | Enceladus is the sixth-largest moon of Saturn. It is about in diameter, about a tenth of that of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. Enceladus is mostly covered by fresh, clean ice, making it one of the most reflective bodies of the Solar System. Consequently, its surface temperature at noon only reaches, far colder than a light-absorbing body would be. Despite its small size, Enceladus has a wide range of surface features, ranging from old, heavily cratered regions to young, tectonically deformed terrains. | Encelade () est un satellite naturel de la planète Saturne, découvert par William Herschel en 1789. Il s'agit du sixième satellite de Saturne par la taille, et du quatorzième par son éloignement. | [
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Hanami | Hanami | In modern-day Japan, "hanami" mostly consists of having an outdoor party beneath the sakura during daytime or at night. In some contexts the Sino-Japanese term is used instead, particularly for festivals. "Hanami" at night is called. In many places such as Ueno Park temporary paper lanterns are hung for the purpose of "yozakura". On the island of Okinawa, decorative electric lanterns are hung in the trees for evening enjoyment, such as on the trees ascending Mt. Yae, near Motobu Town, or at the Nakijin Castle. | Le, ou "o-hanami" avec préfixe honorifique, est la coutume traditionnelle japonaise d'apprécier la beauté des fleurs, principalement les fleurs de cerisier ("sakura"), lorsque, à partir de fin mars ou début avril, elles entrent en pleine floraison. | [
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Shatt al-Arab | Chatt-el-Arab | The Shatt al-Arab (, "River of the Arabs"), also known known as Arvand Rud (, "Swift River"), is a river of some 200 km (120 mi) in length formed by the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. The southern end of the river constitutes the border between Iraq and Iran down to the mouth of the river as it discharges into the Persian Gulf. It varies in width from about at Basra to at its mouth. It is thought that the waterway formed relatively recently in geologic time, with the Tigris and Euphrates originally emptying into the Persian Gulf via a channel further to the west. | Le Chatt-el-Arab () ou Chott-el-Arab (« La rive des Arabes ») ou Arvandroud (appelée : arvandrūd en persan) est le principal chenal du delta commun du Tigre et de l'Euphrate. Il débouche sur le golfe Persique après un parcours de 200 km. Sur la partie aval de son parcours, il constitue la frontière entre l'Irak et l'Iran. | [
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Gustave Kahn | Gustave Kahn | Gustave Kahn (21 December 1859, in Metz – 5 September 1936, in Paris) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. He was also active, via publishing and essay-writing, in defining Symbolism and distinguishing it from the Decadent Movement. | Gustave Kahn, né à Metz (Moselle) le et mort à Paris le, est un poète symboliste et critique d'art français. Il est connu sous les pseudonymes : Cabrun, M. H., Walter Linden, Pip et Hixe. Il est pendant un temps le directeur de la revue "La Vogue" et participe à d'autres revues littéraires de premier plan. Il a écrit de nombreux recueils de poèmes, notamment "Les palais nomades," composé en vers libres, ainsi que des biographies d'artistes. | [
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Cell nucleus | Noyau (biologie) | In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin or, meaning "kernel" or "seed") is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. | En biologie cellulaire, le noyau est une structure cellulaire présente dans la majorité des cellules eucaryotes et chez tous les organismes eucaryotes, et contenant l'essentiel du matériel génétique de la cellule (ADN). Il a pour fonction principale de stocker le génome nucléaire ainsi que la machinerie nécessaire à la réplication des chromosomes et à l'expression de l'information contenue dans les gènes. Il disparaît temporairement pendant le processus de division cellulaire pour se reconstituer dans les cellules filles. Il a un diamètre variant de 5 à. En comparaison à certains organites, il s'agit donc d'une importante structure cellulaire. Généralement c'est la plus visible de la cellule à l'échelle microscopique. | [
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English Civil War | Première révolution anglaise | The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") principally over the manner of England's governance and part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. | La Première révolution anglaise (appelée'par les historiens britanniques) est également appelée Grande Rébellion. Elle se déroule de 1642 à 1651 sous le règne de Charles. Cette révolution se termine par le jugement puis l'exécution du roi Charles le à Whitehall près de Westminster. La monarchie est abolie et une « République », appelée Commonwealth d'Angleterre, est instaurée avec Oliver Cromwell à sa tête. Cette révolution marquante pour l'Angleterre et l'Europe est une étape cruciale dans la transformation du pouvoir royal anglais, qui s'oriente progressivement vers une monarchie constitutionnelle. | [
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Guérande | Guérande | Guérande (; ) is a medieval town located in the "département" of Loire-Atlantique in Brittany in western France. The inhabitants are referred to as "Guérandais", for men, and "Guérandaise", for women. | Guérande ( ) est une commune de l'ouest de la France, située dans le département de la Loire-Atlantique appartenant à la région des Pays de la Loire et située en Bretagne historique. Sa partie urbaine occupe le sommet d'un coteau qui domine un territoire presque entièrement entouré d'eau, salée ou douce, dénommé presqu'île guérandaise. L'histoire de la commune elle-même est fortement marquée par la présence de marais salants qui ont fait sa richesse. | [
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Wisconsin River | Wisconsin (rivière) | The Wisconsin River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. At approximately 430 miles (692 km) long, it is the state's longest river. The river's name, first recorded in 1673 by Jacques Marquette as "Meskousing", is rooted in the Algonquian languages used by the area's American Indian tribes, but its original meaning is obscure. French explorers who followed in the wake of Marquette later modified the name to "Ouisconsin", and so it appears on Guillaume de L'Isle's map (Paris, 1718). This was simplified to "Wisconsin" in the early 19th century before being applied to Wisconsin Territory and finally the state of Wisconsin. | Le Wisconsin est une rivière de de long, affluent du fleuve Mississippi et s'écoulant entièrement dans l'État auquel il a donné son nom (le Wisconsin), au nord des États-Unis. | [
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Raphael | Raphaël (peintre) | Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael (, ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. | Raphaël, nom francisé de Raffaello Sanzio (aussi nommé,, ), est un peintre et architecte italien de la Renaissance né le à Urbino et mort le à Rome. | [
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Franz Liszt | Franz Liszt | Franz Liszt (;, in modern usage "Liszt Ferenc" ; 22 October 181131 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, and organist of the Romantic era. He was also a writer, philanthropist, Hungarian nationalist, and Franciscan tertiary. | Franz Liszt ("Liszt Ferenc" en hongrois) est un compositeur, transcripteur et pianiste virtuose hongrois né le à Doborján, en Hongrie (empire d'Autriche) et mort le à Bayreuth, en Bavière (Empire allemand). | [
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Etruscan language | Étrusque | The Etruscan language () was the spoken and written language of the Etruscan civilization, in Italy, in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany plus western Umbria and northern Latium) and in parts of Corsica, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Lombardy and Campania. Etruscan influenced Latin, but eventually was completely superseded by it. The Etruscans left around 13,000 inscriptions which have been found so far, only a small minority of which are of significant length; some bilingual inscriptions with texts also in Latin, Greek, or Phoenician; and a few dozen loanwords, such as the name Roma. Attested from 700 BC to AD 50, the relation of Etruscan to other languages has been a source of long-running speculation and study, with its being referred to at times as an isolate, one of the Tyrsenian languages, and a number of other less well-known theories. | Létrusque fut parlé par les Étrusques sur le territoire de l'ancienne Étrurie, en Italie centrale, correspondant environ à l'actuelle Toscane (qui lui doit son nom), à partir du, jusqu'à son extinction en tant que langue vivante, aux alentours du | [
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JXTA | JXTA | JXTA (Juxtapose) is an open-source peer-to-peer protocol specification begun by Sun Microsystems in 2001. The JXTA protocols are defined as a set of XML messages which allow any device connected to a network to exchange messages and collaborate independently of the underlying network topology. | JXTA est un projet Open Source lancé par Sun Microsystems en avril 2001. JXTA vient du mot anglais « Juxtapose ». En effet le but de JXTA est de pouvoir interconnecter n'importe quel système sur n'importe quel réseau. Le "peer-to-peer" permet d'interconnecter un ordinateur avec un PDA, ou un téléphone portable, etc. et JXTA permet de créer une sorte de réseau au-dessus des autres. | [
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The Trojan War Will Not Take Place | La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu | The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities. | La guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu est une pièce de théâtre de Jean Giraudoux, jouée la première fois le au Théâtre de l'Athénée sous la direction et avec Louis Jouvet. Cette œuvre cherche à déchiffrer les motivations fratricides de la future Seconde Guerre mondiale, comme un avertissement. L'auteur y met en relief le cynisme des politiciens ainsi que leur manipulation des symboles et de la notion de droit. La pièce met en lumière le pacifisme de Giraudoux qui avait combattu en France et à la bataille des Dardanelles mais aussi sa lucidité devant « deux bêtises, celle des hommes et celle des éléments » (I, 1). | [
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This Man Must Die | Que la bête meure | This Man Must Die (), American title The Beast Must Die, is a 1969 French and Italian psychological thriller film directed by Claude Chabrol. The story is based on a 1938 novel by Cecil Day-Lewis, writing as Nicholas Blake, "The Beast Must Die". A widower, obsessed with revenge after his only son is killed in a hit-and-run incident, tracks down and seduces the driver's mistress who was in the car at the time but his efforts to kill the driver misfire. | Que la bête meure est un film franco-italien réalisé par Claude Chabrol, sorti en 1969. C'est un thriller policier déroulant l'enquête et le désir de vengeance d'un père désespéré et résolu, jusqu'au face-à-face complexe avec le meurtrier. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
CNO cycle | Cycle carbone-azote-oxygène | The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction (pp-chain reaction). Unlike the latter, the CNO cycle is a catalytic cycle. It is hypothesized to be dominant in stars that are more than 1.3 times as massive as the Sun. | Le cycle carbone-azote-oxygène (ou, avec les symboles chimiques, cycle CNO), parfois appelé cycle de Bethe, ou cycle de Bethe-Weizsäcker, est l'une des deux réactions de fusion nucléaire par lesquelles les étoiles convertissent de l'hydrogène en hélium ; l'autre réaction est la chaîne proton-proton. | [
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Duke of Orléans | Duc d'Orléans | Duke of Orléans () was a title reserved for French royalty, first created in 1344 by Philip VI in favor of his son Philip of Valois. Known as princes of the blood ("princes du sang"), the title of Duke of Orléans was given, when available, to the King of France's eldest brother. Thus, until 1830, they formed a collateral line of the French royal family, with an eventual right to succeed to the throne should more senior princes of the blood die out. In this way, the title of Duke of Orléans may be considered analogous to the Duke of York, which is traditionally granted to the reigning English (and later British) monarch's second son. | Le titre de duc d'Orléans est un titre féodal initialement créé en 1344 par le roi Philippe VI de France pour son second fils, Philippe. Lorsqu'il était disponible, le duché d'Orléans était traditionnellement donné en apanage au premier fils cadet du roi de France. En tout, dix fils cadets de rois de France ont été titrés "duc d'Orléans", mais seulement six ont reçu effectivement la jouissance de ce fief. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Triple-alpha process | Réaction triple alpha | The triple-alpha process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon. | En astrophysique, la réaction triple alpha désigne un ensemble de réactions de fusion nucléaire convertissant trois particules α en noyau de carbone. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Inch | Pouce (unité) | The inch (abbreviation: in or ′′) is a unit of length in the (British) imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. It is equal to yard or of a foot. Derived from the Roman uncia ("twelfth"), the word "inch" is also sometimes used to translate similar units in other measurement systems, usually understood as deriving from the width of the human thumb. | Le pouce (symbole : ′′ (double prime) ou po au Canada francophone) est une unité de longueur datant du Moyen Âge. | [
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Phylloxera | Phylloxéra | Grape phylloxera ("Daktulosphaira vitifoliae" (Fitch 1855); family Phylloxeridae, within the order Hemiptera, bugs); originally described in France as "Phylloxera vastatrix"; equated to the previously described "Daktulosphaera vitifoliae", "Phylloxera vitifoliae"; commonly just called phylloxera (; from, leaf, and, dry) is a pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. | Le phylloxéra de la vigne (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), est une espèce d'insectes hémiptères de la famille des "Phylloxeridae". C'est une sorte de pucerons ravageurs de la vigne. Le terme de phylloxéra désigne aussi, par métonymie, la maladie de la vigne causée par cet insecte. | [
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Machu Picchu | Machu Picchu | Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel, located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru, on a mountain ridge. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District, above the Sacred Valley, which is northwest of Cuzco. The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and creating a canyon with a tropical mountain climate. | Machu Picchu (du quechua "machu" : vieille, et "pikchu" : montagne, sommet) est une ancienne cité inca du au Pérou, perchée sur un promontoire rocheux qui unit les monts "Machu Picchu" et "Huayna Picchu" (« le Jeune Pic » en quechua) sur le versant oriental des Andes centrales. Son nom aurait été "Pikchu" ou "Picho". | [
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Philippe II, Duke of Orléans | Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723) | Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), was a member of the royal family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth under the title of Duke of Chartres. His father was Louis XIV's younger brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, his mother was Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. | Philippe d’Orléans, couramment appelé le Régent, né le à Saint-Cloud et mort le à Versailles, est le régent du royaume de France pendant la minorité de. | [
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Manuel Ávila Camacho | Manuel Ávila Camacho | Manuel Ávila Camacho (; 24 April 1897 – 13 October 1955) was a Mexican politician and military leader who served as the President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946. Despite participating in the Mexican Revolution and achieving a high rank, he came to the presidency of Mexico because of his direct connection to General Lázaro Cárdenas and served him as a right-hand man as his Chief of his General Staff during the Mexican Revolution and afterwards. He was called affectionately by Mexicans "The Gentleman President" ("El Presidente Caballero"). As president, he pursued "national policies of unity, adjustment, and moderation." His administration completed the transition from military to civilian leadership, ended confrontational anticlericalism, reversed the push for socialist education, and restored a working relationship with the US during World War II. | Manuel Ávila Camacho, né le à Teziutlán, Puebla (Mexique) et mort le à Mexico (Mexique), est le président du Mexique de 1940 à 1946. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Proton–proton chain reaction | Chaîne proton-proton | The proton–proton chain reaction is one of two known sets of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium. It dominates in stars with masses less than or equal to that of the Sun, whereas the CNO cycle, the other known reaction, is suggested by theoretical models to dominate in stars with masses greater than about 1.3 times that of the Sun. | La chaîne proton-proton, aussi connue comme chaîne PP, est l'une des deux chaînes de réactions de fusion nucléaire par lesquelles les étoiles produisent de l'énergie, l'autre réaction étant le cycle carbone-azote-oxygène. Elle est prédominante dans les étoiles de masse relativement faible, comme celle du Soleil ou moindre. | [
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French West Africa | Afrique-Occidentale française | French West Africa (, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger. The federation existed from 1895 until 1958. Its capital was Saint-Louis, Senegal until 1902, and then Dakar until the federation's collapse. | L'Afrique-Occidentale française (A.-O.F.) était un gouvernement général regroupant au sein d'une même fédération huit colonies françaises d'Afrique de l'Ouest entre 1895 et 1958. | [
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Stellar nucleosynthesis | Nucléosynthèse stellaire | Stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation (nucleosynthesis) of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred since the original creation of hydrogen, helium and lithium during the Big Bang. As a predictive theory, it yields accurate estimates of the observed abundances of the elements. It explains why the observed abundances of elements change over time and why some elements and their isotopes are much more abundant than others. The theory was initially proposed by Fred Hoyle in 1946, who later refined it in 1954. Further advances were made, especially to nucleosynthesis by neutron capture of the elements heavier than iron, by Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge, William Alfred Fowler and Hoyle in their famous 1957 BFH paper, which became one of the most heavily cited papers in astrophysics history. | La nucléosynthèse stellaire est le terme utilisé en astrophysique pour désigner l'ensemble des réactions nucléaires qui se produisent à l'intérieur des étoiles (fusion nucléaire et processus s) ou pendant leur destruction explosive (processus r, p, rp) et dont le résultat est la synthèse de la plupart des noyaux atomiques. La position d'une étoile sur le diagramme de Hertzsprung-Russell détermine en grande partie les éléments qu'elle synthétise. | [
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Warez | Warez | Warez is a common computing and broader cultural term referring to pirated software (i.e. illegally copied, often after deactivation of anti-piracy measures) that is distributed via the Internet. Warez is used most commonly as a noun, a plural form of "ware" (short for computer software), and is intended to be pronounced like the word wares,. The circumvention of copy protection (cracking) is an essential step in generating warez, and based on this common mechanism, the software-focused definition has been extended to include other copyright-protected materials, including movies and games. The global array of warez groups has been referred to as "The Scene", deriving from its earlier description as "the warez scene". Distribution and trade of copyrighted works without payment of fees or royalties generally violates national and international copyright laws and agreements. The term warez covers supported as well as unsupported (abandonware) items, and legal prohibitions governing creation and distribution of warez cover both profit-driven and "enthusiast" generators and distributors of such items. | Le terme warez désigne des contenus numériques protégés par les lois du copyright, mais diffusés illégalement sans reverser de droits. Le terme provient d'une déformation du mot anglais "wares" (« marchandises » en français). De manière générale, le terme « "warez" » désigne les activités illégales de diffusion de contenus numériques protégés par les droits d'auteurs. | [
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Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | Miguel Hidalgo | Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or Miguel Hidalgo (), was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, and recognized as the Father of the Nation. | Miguel Hidalgo (Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla y Gallaga Mondarte Villaseñor), né le dans l'hacienda de Corralejo près de Pénjamo dans l’État actuel de Guanajuato et exécuté le à Chihuahua, est un religieux dont l'insurrection en faveur de Ferdinand VII, roi d'Espagne, marqua le début d'une guerre qui se termina avec l'indépendance du Mexique en 1821 | [
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José María Morelos | José María Morelos | José María Teclo Morelos Pérez y Pavón () (September 30, 1765 – December 22, 1815) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader who led the Mexican War of Independence movement, assuming its leadership after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1811. Morelos and Ignacio López Rayón are credited with organizing the war of independence. Under Morelos the Congress of Anáhuac was installed on September 13, 1813, and in November 6 of the same year congress declared the country's independence. On October 22, 1814, a constitution, "Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad de la América Mexicana", was drafted by the Congress which declared that Mexico would be a Republic. | José María Morelos y Pavón est un religieux et un indépendantiste mexicain, né le à Valladolid en Nouvelle-Espagne (actuellement Morelia, Mexique) et mort fusillé le à San Cristóbal Ecatepec (actuellement dans l'État de Mexico). | [
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Jean Zay | Jean Zay | Jean Zay (6 August 1904 – 20 June 1944) was a French politician and freemason. He served as Minister of National Education and Fine Arts from 1936 until 1939. He was imprisoned by the Vichy government from August 1940 until he was murdered in 1944. | Jean Zay, né le à Orléans et mort assassiné par la Milice le à Molles (Allier), est un avocat et homme politique français. Il est sous-secrétaire d’État à la présidence du Conseil, ministre de l'Éducation nationale et des Beaux-Arts, député du Loiret et conseiller général. | [
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Carlos Salinas de Gortari | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | Carlos Salinas de Gortari (; born 3 April 1948) is a Mexican economist and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as President of Mexico from 1988 to 1994. He is widely regarded as the most influential and controversial politician in Mexico since the 1990s. Earlier in his career he worked in the Budget Secretariat, eventually becoming Secretary. He was the PRI presidential candidate in 1988, and was declared elected on 6 July 1988 after accusations of electoral fraud. | Carlos Salinas de Gortari né le à Mexico, Mexique, est un homme politique mexicain, président de la République entre 1988 et 1994. | [
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Cuernavaca | Cuernavaca | Cuernavaca (; "near the woods", ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. The city is located around a 90 min drive south of Mexico City using the Federal Highway 95D. | Cuernavaca est une ville mexicaine, capitale de l'État de Morelos. Elle se situe dans le centre sud du Mexique, à quelque 80 km de Mexico. | [
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Antipope Clement VII | Clément VII (antipape) | Robert of Geneva () (1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as "Clement VII" () by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election led to the Western Schism. | Robert de Genève, né en 1342 au château d'Annecy et mort le à Avignon, est un prélat successivement évêque, puis cardinal puis pape, ainsi que comte de Genève de 1393 à 1394. Il est considéré comme antipape du point de vue catholique. Il est le fils du comte de Genève et de Mahaut d'Auvergne. | [
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Sundial | Cadran solaire | A sundial is a device that tells the time of day when there is sunlight by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky. In the narrowest sense of the word, it consists of a flat plate (the "dial") and a "gnomon", which casts a shadow onto the dial. As the Sun appears to move across the sky, the shadow aligns with different "hour-lines", which are marked on the dial to indicate the time of day. The "style" is the time-telling edge of the gnomon, though a single point or "nodus" may be used. The gnomon casts a broad shadow; the shadow of the style shows the time. The gnomon may be a rod, wire, or elaborately decorated metal casting. The style must be parallel to the axis of the Earth's rotation for the sundial to be accurate throughout the year. The style's angle from horizontal is equal to the sundial's geographical latitude. | Un cadran solaire est un instrument silencieux et immobile qui indique le temps solaire par le déplacement de l'ombre d'un objet de forme variable, le style, sur une surface, la table du cadran, associé à un ensemble de graduations tracées sur cette surface (lignes horaires principalement). La table est généralement plane mais peut aussi être,, sphérique, cylindrique, etc. | [
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Khlysts | Khlysts | Khlysts or Khlysty (, literally "whips") was an underground sect, which existed from 1645 to the late 20th century. It split off the Russian Orthodox Church and belonged to the Spiritual Christians (духовные христиане) tendency. | Les khlysts, khlysty (en russe хлысты́) ou flagellants sont les adeptes d'une secte russe active de la fin du au début du. Le nom dérive de хлыст ("khlyst" : le « fouet »). À l'origine, le groupe s'appelait христововеры ("khristovoveri" : les « croyants du Christ ») ou христы ("christi"). Raspoutine aurait, à un moment de sa vie, été un khlyst. | [
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Earwax | Cérumen | Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a brown, orange, red, yellowish or gray waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. It protects the skin of the human ear canal, assists in cleaning and lubrication, and provides protection against bacteria, fungi, and water. | Le cérumen, appelé cire humaine par abus de langage et proximité phonétique, est une substance jaunâtre, cireuse, sécrétée dans le conduit auditif externe des humains et autres mammifères. Il joue un rôle qui s'est relativisé dans le temps, aidant à son nettoyage et sa lubrification, et fournissant aussi une protection contre les bactéries, les champignons et les insectes. L'excès de cérumen dans les oreilles peut conduire à une perte auditive. | [
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Alain Poher | Alain Poher | Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher (; 17 April 1909 – 9 December 1996) was a French centrist politician, affiliated first with the Popular Republican Movement and later with the Democratic Centre. He served as a Senator for Val-de-Marne from 1946 to 1995. | Alain Poher, né le à Ablon-sur-Seine (Seine-et-Oise) et mort le à Paris, est un homme d'État français. Membre du MRP, il est élu sénateur en 1946, avant d'être nommé secrétaire d'État chargé des Finances dans le deuxième gouvernement Robert Schuman puis du Budget au sein du gouvernement Henri Queuille. Proche de Robert Schuman, il est président du Parlement européen de 1966 à 1969. | [
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Exotic pet | Nouveaux animaux de compagnie | An exotic pet is a rare or unusual animal pet: an animal kept within human households which is relatively unusual to keep or is generally thought of as a wild species rather than as a pet. | Les nouveaux animaux de compagnie (plus généralement nommés par l'acronyme NAC) sont des animaux de compagnie appartenant à des espèces autres que le chien et le chat. Sont par exemple considérés comme NAC le furet, le lapin, des oiseaux (de cage, de volière et de basse-cour), des petits rongeurs, des poissons d'aquarium et de bassin, des « reptiles » (lézards, serpents et tortues), des amphibiens, des arthropodes (insectes, crustacés, araignées...), des grands mammifères domestiques souvent considérés à l'origine comme des animaux de rente (équins, porc, lama, chèvre...) voire des animaux sauvages pas forcément adaptés à la vie domestique, tels que des crocodiliens, des fennecs, des serpents constricteurs géants, des rapaces, des grands félins ou des singes ; tous détenus par l'homme comme animaux d'agrément, dans le but précis d'en faire des animaux de compagnie. | [
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Anna Paquin | Anna Paquin | Anna Hélène Paquin ( ; born 24 July 1982) is a New Zealand-Canadian actress. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba and brought up in Wellington, New Zealand, before moving to Los Angeles during her youth. She completed a year at Columbia University, before leaving to focus on her acting career. As a child, she played the role of Flora McGrath in Jane Campion's romantic drama film "The Piano" (1993), despite having had little acting experience. For her performance, she garnered critical acclaim and received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest winner in Oscar history. | Anna Paquin, née le à Winnipeg, est une actrice et productrice canado-néo-zélandaise. Elle est révélée au cinéma en 1993 par le drame "La Leçon de piano", qui lui vaut l'Oscar de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle, faisant d'elle la deuxième plus jeune gagnante de ce trophée. Par la suite, elle joue dans "L'envolée sauvage" (1996), "Le Choix d'une vie" (1999), la comédie romantique "Elle est trop bien" (1999) et le drame "Presque célèbre" (2000). Ses performances lui valent plusieurs nominations lors des Young Artist Awards. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Angband (video game) | Angband (jeu vidéo) | Angband is a dungeon-crawling roguelike computer game derived from "Umoria". It is based on the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien, in which Angband is the fortress of Morgoth. The current version of "Angband" is available for all major operating systems, including Unix, Windows, Mac OS X, and Android. | Angband est un jeu vidéo libre datant de 1990, développé collectivement via Internet. Il appartient à la famille des rogue-like. | [
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Gordon Freeman | Gordon Freeman | Gordon Freeman is the protagonist of the "Half-Life" video game series, created by Gabe Newell and designed by Newell and Marc Laidlaw of Valve. His first appearance is in "Half-Life". Gordon Freeman is an American man from Seattle, who graduated from MIT with a PhD in Theoretical Physics. He was an employee at the fictional Black Mesa Research Facility. Controlled by the player, Gordon is often tasked with using a wide range of weapons and tools to fight alien creatures such as headcrabs, as well as Combine machines and soldiers. | Gordon Freeman est le personnage central de la série de jeux vidéo "Half-Life" créé en 1998. Ph. D., c'est un chercheur en physique théorique forcé de se défendre avec ses collègues contre des extraterrestres, puis contre d'autres ennemis, en conséquence d'une expérience qui tourna au désastre dans le centre de recherche de Black Mesa. À la suite de ces événements, il est devenu un héros, presque mythique, de la résistance contre les envahisseurs extraterrestres. | [
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Johann Tetzel | Johann Tetzel | Johann Tetzel (c. 1465 – 11 August 1519) was a Holy Roman Empire Dominican friar and preacher. He was appointed Inquisitor for Poland and Saxony, later becoming the Grand Commissioner for indulgences in Germany. Tetzel was known for granting indulgences on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church in exchange for money, which are claimed to allow a remission of temporal punishment due to sin, the guilt of which has been forgiven, a position heavily challenged by Martin Luther. This contributed in part to the Reformation. The main usage of the indulgences sold by Johann Tetzel was to help fund and build the St. Peter's Basilica. | Johann Tetzel (1465-1519) est un prêtre dominicain allemand, surtout célèbre pour les trafics d'indulgences destinées à financer la construction de la basilique Saint-Pierre de Rome. | [
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Contract bridge | Bridge | Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors. The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing bridge at the regional level. | Le bridge est un jeu de cartes, de type jeu de levées, consistant à comptabiliser le nombre de levées réalisées. Il se pratique avec un jeu de 52 cartes, par quatre joueurs, opposant deux équipes composées de deux partenaires. | [
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Anathema | Anathème | Anathema, in common usage, is something or someone that is detested or shunned. In its other main usage, it is a formal excommunication. The latter meaning, its ecclesiastical sense, is based on New Testament usage. In the Old Testament, anathema was a creature or object set apart for sacrificial offering and thus removed from ordinary use and destined instead for destruction. | Le mot anathème désigne une réprobation. Cette réprobation peut concerner une mise à l'index, une personne ou une idée. Ce mot est notamment utilisé en rhétorique dans des expressions telles que et. | [
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Half-Life (series) | Half-Life | Half-Life is a series of first-person shooter (FPS) games developed and published by Valve. The games combine shooting combat, puzzles, and storytelling. | , stylisé, est une série de jeux vidéo de tir à la première personne de science-fiction. La série doit son nom au mot anglais signifiant "demi-vie" qui fait référence à la radioactivité. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Willard Libby | Willard Frank Libby | Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American physical chemist noted for his role in the 1949 development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology and palaeontology. For his contributions to the team that developed this process, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960. | Willard Frank Libby (, Parachute, Colorado, États-Unis -, Los Angeles) est un physicien et chimiste américain connu pour son rôle dans le développement de la méthode de datation par le carbone 14, qui a révolutionné l'archéologie. Il a notamment reçu le prix Nobel de chimie de 1960 pour ses travaux. | [
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Plant pathology | Pathologie végétale | Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by eating of plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. | La pathologie végétale, ou phytopathologie ou phytiatrie, est la science qui étudie les maladies des plantes, surtout des plantes cultivées. La distinction entre une maladie et un problème d'ordre physiologique n'est pas toujours facile à établir. À la fin de cet article est placée une énumération de problèmes physiologiques pouvant être confondus avec des maladies. | [
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Philip Melanchthon | Philippe Mélanchthon | Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and John Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and moulder of Protestantism. | Philippe Mélanchthon, forme francisée usuelle en usage dès le, ou Philipp Melanchton, de son nom humanistique Philippus Melanchthon, latinisation du grec Φίλιππος Μελάγχθων créé d'après son nom allemand interprété de façon erronée Philipp Schwarzert, né le à Bretten, dans le Palatinat (Saint-Empire, actuelle Allemagne), mort le à Wittemberg, est un humaniste, philosophe et réformateur protestant allemand. | [
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Peter principle | Principe de Peter | The Peter principle is a concept in management developed by Laurence J. Peter, which observes that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to their "level of incompetence": employees are promoted based on their success in previous jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer competent, as skills in one job do not necessarily translate to another. The concept was elucidated in the book "The Peter Principle" (William Morrow and Company, 1969) by Dr Peter and Raymond Hull. | Le principe de Peter (appelé parfois « syndrome de la promotion Focus ») est une loi empirique relative aux organisations hiérarchiques proposée par Laurence J. Peter et Raymond Hull dans leur ouvrage "Le Principe de Peter" (1970). | [
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Thread (computing) | Thread (informatique) | In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems, but in most cases a thread is a component of a process. Multiple threads can exist within one process, executing concurrently and sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time. | Un ou fil (d'exécution) ou tâche (terme et définition normalisés par ISO/CEI 2382-7:2000 ; autres appellations connues : processus léger, fil d'instruction, processus allégé, exétron, voire unité d'exécution ou unité de traitement) est similaire à un processus car tous deux représentent l'exécution d'un ensemble d'instructions du langage machine d'un processeur. Du point de vue de l'utilisateur, ces exécutions semblent se dérouler en parallèle. Toutefois, là où chaque processus possède sa propre mémoire virtuelle, les'd'un même processus se partagent sa mémoire virtuelle. Par contre, tous les'possèdent leur propre pile d'exécution. | [
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L'Île-Rousse | L'Île-Rousse | L'Île-Rousse (;, ) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It was founded in 1758 by Pasquale Paoli to create a port that would not be in the hands of the Genoese (such as Calvi). As Italian was until 1848 the administrative language of Corsica, the town was originally named "Isola Rossa" (Red Island) from the eponymous reddish color of a rocky islet that served as a natural harbor. | L'Île-Rousse est une commune française située dans la circonscription départementale de la Haute-Corse et le territoire de la collectivité de Corse. La ville appartient à la piève d'Aregno, en Balagne. | [
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Tyrant | Tyran | In the modern English-language's usage of the word, a tyrant (derived from Ancient Greek, "tyrannos") is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty. Often portrayed as cruel, tyrants may defend their positions by resorting to oppressive means. The original Greek term meant an absolute sovereign who came to power without constitutional right, yet the word had a neutral connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, Greek philosopher Plato saw "tyrannos" as a negative word, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, its negative connotations only increased, continuing into the Hellenistic period. | Un tyran (du grec ancien / ) désigne dans l'Antiquité grecque un individu disposant d’un pouvoir absolu, après s'en être emparé de façon illégitime. Le mot tyran, peut-être d'origine lydienne, a été appliqué pour la première fois au au roi lydien Gygès par le sophiste Hippias d'Élis. Le terme prit très vite un sens péjoratif, notamment à Athènes, impliquant que le tyran abuse de son pouvoir : la nature du pouvoir tyrannique se reconnaît en effet à ce que le tyran, sans abolir les lois, se place au-dessus d'elles. La perversion de ce régime tient aussi au fait que, en raison de l'amour du tyran pour les richesses et de son hostilité à l'égard du peuple qu'il désarme et asservit. En outre, ce régime se caractérise par son arbitraire, le tyran étant ; Platon utilise presque les mêmes termes dans "Le Politique", et le sous-entend en le décrivant dans le "Gorgias". Sur le plan politique, il y a une différence entre « tyrannie » et « despotisme » : dans la Grèce antique, un tyran était un homme qui disposait d’un pouvoir assuré par la force ; ce pouvait être un ancien magistrat, parfois même un esclave, arrivé au pouvoir après un coup d'État, par ruse plus que par violence. Les tyrans ne prirent jamais officiellement le titre de tyran, et il n'y eut pas de titre général et officiel pour les désigner, c'est pourquoi on leur donne le nom dont leurs ennemis les stigmatisaient. | [
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Duron | Duron | Duron is a line of budget x86-compatible microprocessors manufactured by AMD. Released on June 19, 2000 as a lower-cost offering to complement AMD's then mainstream performance Athlon processor line, it also competed with rival chipmaker Intel's Pentium III and Celeron processor offerings. The Duron brand name was retired in 2004, succeeded by the Sempron line of processors as AMD's budget offering. | Duron est un microprocesseur qui fut produit par la société AMD. Le Duron était l'entrée de gamme d'AMD. En comparaison avec Intel, il était à l'Athlon ce que le Celeron était aux Pentium. Le Duron utilisait la même architecture que son grand frère, l'Athlon, à la différence que pour abaisser les coûts de production, AMD avait diminué la taille du cache de niveau 2. Le bus central aussi avait été restreint à 100 MHz (200 DDR) au lieu des 133, 166 ou 200 MHz pour les Athlons. Ce processeur était vendu moins cher que son équivalent Athlon, à performances légèrement inférieures. Tout comme l'Athlon, il était compatible avec le Socket A. | [
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Athlon | Athlon | Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). The original Athlon (now called Athlon Classic) was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and was the first desktop processor to reach speeds of one gigahertz (GHz). It made its debut on June 23, 1999. Over the years AMD has used the Athlon name with the 64-bit Athlon 64 architecture, the Athlon II, and Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) chips targeting the Socket AM1 desktop SoC architecture, and Socket AM4 Zen microarchitecture. The modern Zen-based Athlon with a Radeon Graphics processor was introduced in 2019 as AMD’s highest-performance entry-level processor. | L'Athlon est un microprocesseur de, fabriqué par AMD. Il est aussi désigné sous le nom de code K7. Il s'agit d'une profonde évolution du K6. | [
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Bamenda | Bamenda | Bamenda, also known as Abakwa and Mankon Town, is a city in northwestern Cameroon and capital of the Northwest Region. The city has a population of about 2 million people and is located north-west of the Cameroonian capital, Yaoundé. Bamenda is known for its cool climate and scenic hilly location. | Bamenda est une commune du Cameroun. C'est le chef-lieu de la région du Nord-Ouest et du département du Mezam. Elle a été érigée en Communauté urbaine de Bamenda en 2008. Bamenda possède un aéroport (code AITA : BPC). | [
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Bedouin | Bédouins | The Bedouin or Bedu (;, singular ) are a grouping of nomadic Arab people who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant. The English word "bedouin" comes from the Arabic "badawī", which means "desert dweller", and is traditionally contrasted with "ḥāḍir", the term for sedentary people. Bedouin territory stretches from the vast deserts of North Africa to the rocky sands of the Middle East. They are traditionally divided into tribes, or clans (known in Arabic as "ʿašāʾir"; ), and historically share a common culture of herding camels and goats. The vast majority of Bedouin adhere to Islam, although there are some fewer numbers of Arab Christian Bedouins present in the Fertile Crescent. | Les Bédouins désignent des nomades arabes vivant de l'élevage des caprins, des ovins et des camélidés, principalement dans les déserts d'Arabie, de Syrie, du Sinaï et du Sahara. Cette population arabe d'environ de personnes est reconnaissable par ses dialectes, sa culture et sa structure sociale spécifiques. De nos jours, seuls environ 5 % des Bédouins du Moyen-Orient sont encore nomades, tandis que quelques Bédouins du Sinaï sont encore semi-nomades. Pour certains Bédouins, il ne faut qu'appartenir à une tribu d'origine bédouine pour se revendiquer Bédouin, mais pour d'autres il faut de plus mener une vie de nomade, ce qui en exclut les sédentaires. | [
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Russian Social Democratic Labour Party | Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie | The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP;, "Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)"), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist political party founded in Minsk, Belarus. | Le Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie, ou POSDR ("Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия, РСДРП"), nommé aussi Parti social-démocrate des Travailleurs de Russie ou Parti social-démocrate de Russie, est une organisation politique marxiste révolutionnaire russe fondée en mars 1898. En 1903, le POSDR se divise en deux factions : les bolcheviks et les mencheviks. Le parti bolchevik devient par la suite le Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique. | [
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Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique | The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990, when the Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the most recent 1977 Soviet constitution, which had granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system. | Le Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique (PCUS) (en ou КПСС) était le seul parti politique autorisé dans l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS) entre 1925 et 1990. | [
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Roundup (herbicide) | Roundup | Roundup is the brand name of a systemic, broad-spectrum glyphosate-based herbicide originally produced by Monsanto, which Bayer acquired in 2018. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the United States. As of 2009, sales of Roundup herbicides still represented about 10 percent of Monsanto's revenue despite competition from Chinese producers of other glyphosate-based herbicides. The overall Roundup line of products, which includes genetically modified seeds, represented about half of Monsanto's yearly revenue. The product is marketed to consumers by Scotts Miracle-Gro Company. | Roundup est le nom commercial (nom de marque) d'un herbicide produit par la compagnie américaine Monsanto et commercialisé depuis 1975. Il est utilisé en épandage et peut l'être en pulvérisateur manuel. C'est un herbicide non sélectif, d'où le qualificatif d’« herbicide total », dont la substance active (herbicide) est le glyphosate, associée à un surfactant. C'est un produit toxique, irritant et écotoxique et selon le CIRC cancérogène probable, mais pas selon les autres agences sanitaires internationale qui se sont prononcés. En France, une loi interdisant la vente libre aux particuliers a été adoptée le 1 janvier 2019. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Phoenician alphabet | Alphabet phénicien | The Phoenician alphabet is an alphabet (more specifically, an abjad) consisting of 22 consonant letters only, leaving vowel sounds implicit, although certain late varieties use "matres lectionis" for some vowels. | L'alphabet phénicien (appelé par convention alphabet protocananéen pour les inscriptions antérieures à 1200 av. J.-C.) est un ancien abjad, un alphabet consonantique non pictographique. Il était utilisé pour l'écriture des langues cananéennes et en particulier du phénicien, une langue sémitique utilisée par la civilisation phénicienne. Il s'agit d'un abjad, car il ne note que les sons consonantiques (une "mater lectionis" a été utilisée pour certaines voyelles dans des variétés tardives). | [
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Phoenician language | Phénicien | Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region, then called ""Pūt"" (in Phoenician and Egyptian), "Canaan" (in Biblical Hebrew, Old Arabic, and Aramaic), and "Phoenicia" (in Greek and Latin). It is a part of the Canaanite subgroup of the Northwest Semitic languages. Other members of the family are Hebrew, Ammonite, Moabite, and Edomite. | Le phénicien est une langue morte, parlée à l'origine sur les côtes du Liban, dans un pays qu'on désignait alors comme le « pays de Canaan » aussi bien en phénicien et en arabe, qu'en hébreu et en araméen, « Phénicie » en grec et en latin, et "« Pūt »" en égyptien ancien. Le phénicien est une langue sémitique du sous-groupe cananéen, groupe dont descend l'hébreu. Le phénicien était parlé au Liban, le long des côtes de Syrie, en Palestine, dans la partie nord de l'actuel État d'Israël, ainsi que sur une partie de l'île de Chypre (où il voisinait avec le grec) et, en tant que langue de prestige, dans certaines régions d'Anatolie. Il était aussi parlé dans les régions touchées par la colonisation phénicienne : le long des côtes sud-ouest de la Méditerranée, et notamment l'actuelle Tunisie, le Maroc et l’Algérie, ainsi que Malte, l’Ouest de la Sicile, la Sardaigne, la Corse et les Colonnes d'Hercule. | [
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Huldrych Zwingli | Ulrich Zwingli | Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system. He attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism. He continued his studies while he served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, where he was influenced by the writings of Erasmus. | Ulrich Zwingli est un réformateur protestant suisse, né à Wildhaus (dans le canton de Saint-Gall) le et mort le à Kappel am Albis (dans le canton de Zurich), principal artisan de la Réforme protestante à Zurich et, par suite, en Suisse alémanique. | [
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Eisleben | Eisleben | Eisleben is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is famous as the hometown of Martin Luther; hence, its official name is Lutherstadt Eisleben. As of 2015, Eisleben had a population of 24,198. It lies on the Halle–Kassel railway. | Eisleben (officiellement Lutherstadt Eisleben) est une ville d'Allemagne, dans le land de Saxe-Anhalt, à environ à l'ouest de Halle. Cette ville, qui pendant des siècles a tiré sa prospérité de ses mines de cuivre, est surtout connue comme lieu de naissance et de décès de Martin Luther. La mémoire du Réformateur est évoquée non seulement dans sa maison natale et dans la maison qui le vit s'éteindre, mais aussi par l'église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul où il fut baptisé en 1483, l'église Saint-André, qui abrite la chaire où il prêcha pour la dernière fois, et la Marktplatz, où sa statue fut érigée en 1883. | [
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Konstanz | Constance (Allemagne) | Konstanz (,, ; ) is city and university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years. | Constance ("Konstanz" en allemand) est une ville d'Allemagne, située dans le sud du "Land" de Bade-Wurtemberg. Son centre historique est enclavé sur la rive méridionale du lac de Constance (ou "Bodensee"). En 2012, elle était peuplée de. | [
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Telenovela | Telenovela | A telenovela is a type of a limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America. The word combines "tele" (for "television") and "novela" (meaning "novel"). Similar genres around the world include teleserye (Philippines), dorama (Japan), téléroman (Canada, specifically Quebec), or simply dramas (rest of Asia including the Middle East). | Les telenovelas ou télénovelas et/ou novelas "(télé romances, traduction littéraire)" sont des feuilletons télévisés produits essentiellement dans les pays d'Amérique latine. Elles sont composées d’environ 200 épisodes d’une quarantaine de minutes qui sont diffusés tous les soirs du lundi au vendredi pendant sept à huit mois. Elles sont apparues dans les années 1950. | [
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Final Fantasy IX | Final Fantasy IX | Final Fantasy IX is a 2000 role-playing video game developed and published by Squaresoft for the PlayStation video game console. It is the ninth game in the main "Final Fantasy" series. The plot centers on the consequences of a war between nations in a medieval fantasy world called Gaia. Players follow bandit Zidane Tribal, who kidnaps Alexandrian princess Garnet Til Alexandros XVII as part of a gambit by the neighboring nation of Lindblum. He joins Garnet and a growing cast of characters on a quest to take down her mother, Queen Brahne of Alexandria, who started the war. | Le jeu met en scène les aventures de jeunes adolescents qui tentent d'arrêter une reine tyrannique et belliqueuse, puis un homme mystérieux qui, tourmenté par ses origines, est pris de folie et tente de détruire le monde. Sous une apparence de simplicité des personnages, le scénariste et producteur Hironobu Sakaguchi essaie de proposer une chronologie complexe, une réflexion sur la mort et le but de la vie, notamment avec le personnage de Bibi, qui fait office de narrateur lors de certaines séquences. | [
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Claude of France | Claude de France (1499-1524) | Claude of France (13 October 1499 – 20 July 1524) was a queen consort of France by marriage to Francis I. She was also ruling Duchess of Brittany from 1514. She was a daughter of the French king Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany. | Elle est la fille du roi Louis XII et d'Anne de Bretagne. Elle meurt à 24 ans après avoir mis au monde sept enfants. | [
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Hybrid Theory | Hybrid Theory | Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on October 24, 2000, through Warner Bros. Records. Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood, California, and produced by Don Gilmore, the album's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence, including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents. "Hybrid Theory" takes its title from the previous name of the band as well as the concept of music theory and combining different styles. | Enregistré aux studios NRG Recordings à North Hollywood en Californie et produit par Don Gilmore, l'album traite des problèmes rencontrés par le chanteur principal Chester Bennington lors de son adolescence, notamment sa dépendance à la drogue, les constantes violences et le divorce de ses parents. L'album doit son titre au nom que portait le groupe à la fin des années 1990. | [
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Bernard Giraudeau | Bernard Giraudeau | Bernard René Giraudeau (18 June 1947 – 17 July 2010) was a French actor, film director, scriptwriter, producer and writer. | Bernard Giraudeau, né le à La Rochelle et mort le à Paris, est un acteur, réalisateur, scénariste, producteur de cinéma et écrivain français. | [
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Bolognese sauce | Sauce bolognaise | Bolognese sauce (, ; known in Italian as ragù alla bolognese,, ragù bolognese, or simply ragù) is a meat-based sauce in Italian cuisine, typical of the city of Bologna. It is customarily used to dress "tagliatelle al ragù" and to prepare "lasagne alla bolognese". In the absence of tagliatelle, it can also be used with other broad, flat pasta shapes, such as pappardelle or fettuccine. | La sauce bolognaise (en italien ou ) est une sauce de la région de Bologne. Elle se cuisine essentiellement à base de coulis de tomate, d'oignon et de viande de bœuf. Elle est internationalement connue comme accompagnement des spaghettis, ce qui ne correspond cependant pas à la tradition de la région bolonaise, où elle est surtout utilisée pour garnir les tagliatelles, les lasagnes, ou encore la polenta. | [
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Bolsheviks | Bolcheviks | The Bolsheviks, also known in English as the Bolshevists, were a radical far-left Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov that split from the Menshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898, at its Second Party Congress in 1903. | Les bolcheviks, bolchéviks, bolcheviques, ou bolchéviques ( « majoritaire ») sont les membres d'une des deux factions du Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie, créée en 1903 sous la direction de Lénine, majoritaire au sein du POSDR, devenue ensuite parti indépendant en 1912, l'autre faction étant composée des mencheviks. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Fovea centralis | Fovéa | The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. It is located in the center of the macula lutea of the retina. | La fovéa, la zone centrale de la macula, est la zone de la rétine où la vision des détails est la plus précise. Elle est située dans le prolongement de l'axe visuel de l'œil. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Iris (anatomy) | Iris (anatomie) | In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. Eye color is defined by that of the iris. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. | L'iris est une membrane circulaire et contractile de la face antérieure du globe oculaire. Il constitue la partie colorée visible de l'œil. Il est percé en son centre d'un orifice, la pupille. L'absence d'iris est appelée aniridie. | [
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Rod cell | Bâtonnet | Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells. Rods are usually found concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average, there are approximately 92 million rod cells in the human retina. Rod cells are more sensitive than cone cells and are almost entirely responsible for night vision. However, rods have little role in color vision, which is the main reason why colors are much less apparent in dim light. | En biologie, les bâtonnets (ou « cellule en bâtonnet ») sont des cellules réceptrices situées dans la rétine qui font partie, avec les cônes, des cellules photosensibles. Ils permettent la vision scotopique, c'est-à-dire avec une luminosité faible. Grâce à un pigment nommé rhodopsine, ils transforment le flux électromagnétique de la lumière en signal bio-électrique, un influx nerveux, pris en compte par le cerveau. Le cerveau peut alors interpréter les signaux pour construire la vision. Cette vision n'est qu'en noir, blanc et nuances de gris, car il n'existe qu'un seul type bâtonnet, alors qu'il existe trois types de cônes qui permettent la vision trichromatique pour les luminosités correspondant à la vision photopique. Les bâtonnets tirent leur nom de la forme approximativement cylindrique de ces cellules nerveuses spécifiques. Les bâtonnets sont également les récepteurs associés à la détection des mouvements par le cortex visuel. | [
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NASA X-43 | NASA X-43 Scramjet | The NASA X-43 was an experimental unmanned hypersonic aircraft with multiple planned scale variations meant to test various aspects of hypersonic flight. It was part of the X-plane series and specifically of NASA's Hyper-X program. It set several airspeed records for jet aircraft. The X-43 is the fastest aircraft on record at approximately Mach 9.6. | Le X-43A "Scramjet" a battu, le, le record mondial de vitesse pour un avion propulsé avec un statoréacteur atmosphérique (puisant l'oxygène dans l'atmosphère) en atteignant brièvement (Mach 9.1), soit près de cinq fois la vitesse du Concorde. Il détenait déjà le précédent record, établi le, à (Mach 6.3), soit près de quatre fois la vitesse du Concorde. Le précédent engin ailé ayant ce record est le Kholod russe qui a atteint Mach 6,41 durant le. | [
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Jean-Louis Gassée | Jean-Louis Gassée | Jean-Louis Gassée (born March 1944 in Paris, France) is a business executive. He is best known as a former executive at Apple Computer, where he worked from 1981 to 1990. He also founded Be Inc., creators of the BeOS computer operating system. After leaving Be, he became Chairman of PalmSource, Inc. in November 2004. | Jean-Louis Gassée (né à Paris en ) a été l'un des cadres dirigeants d'Apple de 1981 à 1990. Il est principalement connu pour avoir créé Be Incorporated, la société qui développa le système d'exploitation BeOS. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Alpha particle | Particule α | Alpha particles, also called alpha rays or alpha radiation, consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. They are generally produced in the process of alpha decay, but may also be produced in other ways. Alpha particles are named after the first letter in the Greek alphabet, α. The symbol for the alpha particle is α or α. Because they are identical to helium nuclei, they are also sometimes written as or indicating a helium ion with a +2 charge (missing its two electrons). If the ion gains electrons from its environment, the alpha particle becomes a normal (electrically neutral) helium atom. | Les particules alpha ou rayons alpha sont une forme de rayonnement émis par des noyaux instables de grande masse atomique. Elles sont constituées de deux protons et deux neutrons combinés en une particule identique au noyau d'hélium 4 (hélion) ; elles peuvent donc s'écrire He. La masse d'une particule alpha est de, ce qui équivaut à une énergie de masse de. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Pizzicato | Pizzicato | Pizzicato (, ; translated as "pinched", and sometimes roughly as "plucked") is a playing technique that involves plucking the strings of a string instrument. The exact technique varies somewhat depending on the type of instrument: | Le pizzicato (repris du même substantif italien, dérivé de l'adjectif "pizzicato" « pincé ») est une technique utilisée par les instruments à cordes frottées et par la guitare. | [
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Joseph Darnand | Joseph Darnand | Joseph Darnand (19 March 1897 – 10 October 1945) was a soldier in the French and later German militaries, a leader of the Vichy French collaborators with Nazi Germany and a Waffen-SS officer. | Joseph Darnand, né le à Coligny (Ain) et mort fusillé le au fort de Châtillon, à Fontenay-aux-Roses (Seine, actuel département des Hauts-de-Seine), est un militaire et homme politique français. Il est, sous l'Occupation, une figure majeure de la collaboration française. | [
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1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
250008,
33876,
2541,
19,
2940,
4,
18673,
95,
253,
1311,
1746,
299,
15,
284,
73,
16,
82,
17904,
57574,
91374,
95,
531,
10204,
8,
3751,
45658,
62339,
4,
253,
124003,
13650,
9,
10442,
9,
108278,
90,
15,
4233,
1212,
4,
135684,
123708,
224,
42522,
7,
9,
112,
9,
4233,
1212,
247,
437,
51,
128683,
82,
51512,
48391,
43054,
5,
891,
437,
4,
12570,
96,
25,
670,
143414,
2320,
4,
773,
26366,
134207,
13,
8,
21,
133258,
72358,
5,
2
] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
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