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History of Togo | Histoire du Togo | The history of Togo can be traced to archaeological finds which indicate that ancient local tribes were able to produce pottery and process tin. During the period from the 11th century to the 16th century, the Ewé, the Mina, the Gun, and various other tribes entered the region. Most of them settled in coastal areas.. The Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century, followed by other European powers. Until the 19th century, the coastal region was a major slave trade centre, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast". | L'histoire du Togo a été marquée par la présence des Portugais sur la côte au XVIè siècle, avec l'installation d'un comptoir à Porto Seguro., Colonie allemande dès 1884, le Togo est partagé, après la première guerre mondiale, en deux parties:une partie se trouvera ainsi, en 1922, placée sous mandat de la France, tandis que l'autre, placée sous tutelle de la Grande-Bretagne, sera rattachée à l'ancienne colonie britannique de la Gold-Coast, devenue indépendante en 1957. Le territoire du Togo français a acquis son indépendance en 1960 | [
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Traité de Brest-Litovsk | The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at German-controlled Brest-Litovsk (; since 1945, Brest, nowadays in Belarus), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Russians to stop further invasion. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Allies and eleven nations became independent in Eastern Europe and western Asia. | Le traité de Brest-Litovsk est signé le entre les gouvernements des Empires centraux menés par l'Empire allemand et la jeune république russe bolchevique, issue de la révolution russe, dans la ville de Brest-Litovsk et met fin aux combats sur le front de l'Est. | [
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Carom billiards | Billard français | Carom billiards, sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole, is the overarching title of a family of cue sports generally played on cloth-covered, billiard tables. In its simplest form, the object of the game is to score or "counts" by "" one's own off both the opponent's cue ball and the on a single shot. The invention as well as the exact date of origin of carom billiards is somewhat obscure but is thought to be traceable to 18th-century France. | Le billard français, appelé aussi billard carambole, ou billard à trois billes, est un type de jeu de billard, joué sur une table sans poches (sans trous). Il se pratique en général à deux joueurs avec trois billes. En plus de la carambole (bille rouge), chaque joueur possède une bille d'impact blanche, pointée, ou jaune (principalement utilisée au mode de jeu à trois bandes). Le concept général est de percuter avec sa bille les deux autres. Des variantes existent avec des quilles ou une bille supplémentaire. | [
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Human rights | Droits de l'homme | Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights "to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being" and which are "inherent in all human beings", regardless of their age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal, and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone. They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others, and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances; for example, human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution. | Les droits de l'homme (parfois écrit « droits de l'Homme »), également appelés droits humains ou droits de la personne, sont un concept à la fois philosophique, juridique et politique, selon lequel tout être humain possède des droits universels, inaliénables, quel que soit le droit positif (droit en vigueur) ou d'autres facteurs locaux tels que l'ethnie, la nationalité ou la religion. | [
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The Tale of Genji | Le Dit du Genji | The work recounts the life of "Hikaru Genji", or "Shining Genji", the son of an ancient Japanese emperor, known to readers as Emperor Kiritsubo, and a low-ranking concubine called Kiritsubo Consort. For political reasons, the emperor removes Genji from the line of succession, demoting him to a commoner by giving him the surname Minamoto, and he pursues a career as an imperial officer. The tale concentrates on Genji's romantic life and describes the customs of the aristocratic society of the time. It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see "The Golden Ass".) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate. | Le est une œuvre considérée comme majeure de la littérature japonaise du, attribuée à Murasaki Shikibu. Comme avec la plupart des ouvrages de l'époque de Heian, le Dit du Genji a probablement été écrit principalement (ou peut-être entièrement) en caractères "kana" (écriture phonétique japonaise) et non en caractères chinois, car il a été écrit par une femme pour un public féminin. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Django Reinhardt | Django Reinhardt | Jean Reinhardt (23 January 1910 – 16 May 1953), known by his stage name Django Reinhardt ( or ), was a Belgian-born Romani-French jazz guitarist and composer. He was the first jazz talent to emerge from Europe and remains the most significant. | Jean Reinhardt, plus connu sous le nom de Django Reinhardt, est un guitariste de jazz français né le à Liberchies en Belgique et mort le à Samois-sur-Seine. Son style de jeu et de composition a ensuite été suivi d'adeptes, donnant naissance à un style de jazz à part entière, le jazz manouche. | [
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Diptych | Diptyque | A diptych (; from the Greek δίπτυχον, "di" "two" + "ptychē" "fold") is any object with two flat plates which are a pair, these are often attached at a hinge. For example, the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a recessed space filled with wax. Writing was accomplished by scratching the wax surface with a stylus. When the notes were no longer needed, the wax could be slightly heated and then smoothed to allow reuse. Ordinary versions had wooden frames, but more luxurious diptychs were crafted with more expensive materials. | Un diptyque (du grec ancien δίπτυχος / "díptykhos", deux-volets) est une œuvre de peinture ou de sculpture composée de deux panneaux, fixes ou mobiles, et dont les sujets se regardent et se complètent l'un l'autre. | [
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Gadu-Gadu | Gadu-Gadu | Gadu-Gadu (Polish for "chit-chat"; commonly known as GG or gg) is a Polish instant messaging client using a proprietary protocol. Gadu-Gadu was the most popular IM service in Poland, with over 15 million registered accounts and approximately 6.5 million users online daily. Gadu-Gadu’s casual gaming portal had some 500,000 active users at the end of March 2009. Users send up to 300 million messages per day. | Gadu-Gadu est un logiciel de messagerie instantanée très populaire en Pologne et qui utilise son propre protocole propriétaire. Il est financé par les messages de publicité et, comme pour ICQ, les utilisateurs sont identifiés grâce à un numéro unique. Gadu-Gadu est actuellement disponible en version 10. | [
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Pol Pot | Pol Pot | Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who governed Cambodia as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1975 and 1979. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and a Khmer nationalist, he was a leading member of Cambodia's communist movement, the Khmer Rouge, from 1963 until 1997 and served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from 1963 to 1981. Under his administration, Cambodia was converted into a one-party communist state governed according to Pol Pot's interpretation of Marxism–Leninism. | <dfn>Saloth Sâr</dfn> ( - ), plus connu sous le nom de Pol Pot, est un homme d'État cambodgien, chef des Khmers rouges et du Parti communiste du Kampuchéa. | [
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Boston Tea Party | Boston Tea Party | The Boston Tea Party was a political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts. American Patriots strongly opposed the taxes in the Townshend Act as a violation of their rights. Demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company. | La Boston Tea Party est une révolte politique à Boston, la capitale de la province de la baie du Massachusetts, contre le Parlement britannique en 1773. C'est un événement marquant de la Révolution américaine, précédant la guerre d’indépendance américaine. | [
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Jean-Marie Cavada | Jean-Marie Cavada | Jean-Marie Cavada (born 24 February 1940 in Épinal, Vosges) is a French politician and former journalist who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Ile de France from 2004 until 2019. Since 3 December 2011 he is president of the European Movement France. | Jean-Marie Cavada, né le à Épinal (Vosges), est un journaliste et homme politique français. Il est député européen de 2004 à 2019, ancien président du Mouvement européen-France et président du mouvement Génération citoyens (GC). | [
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Transport Tycoon | Transport Tycoon | Transport Tycoon is a video game designed and programmed by Chris Sawyer, and published by MicroProse in 1994. It is a business simulation game, presented in an isometric view in 2D with graphics by Simon Foster, in which the player acts as an entrepreneur in control of a transport company, and can compete against rival companies to make as much profit as possible by transporting passengers and various goods by road, rail, sea and air. | Transport Tycoon est un jeu vidéo de simulation créé par Chris Sawyer et édité par Microprose en 1994. Le jeu propose de prendre la direction d'une société de transport devant concurrencer les sociétés rivales pour faire autant de bénéfices que possible, en livrant diverses marchandises par transports ferroviaire, routier, maritime et aérien. | [
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Grand Place | Grand-Place de Bruxelles | The Grand Place (French, ; "Grand Square"; also used in English) or Grote Markt (Dutch, ; "Grand Market") is the central square of Brussels, Belgium. It is surrounded by opulent guildhalls and two larger edifices, the city's Town Hall, and the "King's House" or "Breadhouse" (French:, Dutch: ) building containing the Brussels City Museum. The square measures. | La Grand-Place, Grand Place ou Grand'Place (" en néerlandais) est la place centrale de la ville belge de Bruxelles. Mondialement renommée pour sa richesse ornementale, elle est bordée par les maisons des corporations, l'hôtel de Ville et la Maison du Roi (" en néerlandais). Victor Hugo, la considérait comme l'une des plus belles places du monde. Elle a été inscrite en 1998 sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO. | [
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SGI Fuel | SGI Fuel | The SGI Fuel is a mid-range workstation developed and manufactured by Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI). It was introduced in January 2002, with a list price of US$11,495. Together with the entire MIPS platform, general availability for the Fuel ended on December 29, 2006. An equivalent product for the same market segment was not provided until 2008, when the Virtu product line was introduced, based on x86 microprocessors and Nvidia graphics. | La station de travail Fuel est le dernier modèle de milieu de gamme vendu par SGI. La vente a cessé en 2006. | [
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Boeing 2707 | Boeing 2707 | The Boeing 2707 was the first American supersonic transport (SST) project. After winning a competition for a government-funded contract to build an American SST, Boeing began development at its facilities in Seattle, Washington. The design emerged as a large aircraft with seating for 250 to 300 passengers and cruise speeds of approximately Mach 3. It was intended to be much larger and faster than preceding SST designs such as Concorde. | Le Boeing 2707 devait être le premier avion de ligne supersonique des États-Unis. Il aurait été assemblé dans les ateliers de Boeing à Renton, Washington, mais le coût très élevé du projet et les réactions sur les effets environnementaux (notamment le passage du mur du son) menèrent à l'annulation du projet en 1971 avant que les deux prototypes ne soient achevés, seule la maquette de test avait réussi à voir le jour. | [
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Jaime, Duke of Madrid | Jacques de Bourbon (1870-1931) | Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, known as Duke of Madrid and as Jacques de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou in France (27 June 1870 – 2 October 1931), was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Jaime III and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France as Jacques I. | Jacques de Bourbon (en espagnol : "Jaime de Borbón y Borbón-Parma"), né à La Tour-de-Peilz, près de Vevey, dans le canton de Vaud, en Suisse, le, et décédé à Paris () le, aîné des Capétiens et chef de la maison de Bourbon, qui porte les titres de courtoisie de duc d’Anjou et duc de Madrid, est le prétendant légitimiste au trône de France sous le nom de Jacques et le prétendant carliste au trône d'Espagne sous le nom de Jacques, de 1909 à 1931. | [
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Requiem | Requiem | A Requiem or Requiem Mass, also known as Mass for the dead (Latin: "Missa pro defunctis") or Mass of the dead (Latin: "Missa defunctorum"), is a Mass in the Catholic Church offered for the repose of the soul or souls of one or more deceased persons, using a particular form of the Roman Missal. It is usually, but not necessarily, celebrated in the context of a funeral. | Le Requiem (forme à l'accusatif du latin "requies" signifiant "repos"), ou messe de Requiem, est une messe de l'Église catholique qui a lieu juste avant un enterrement ou lors de cérémonies du souvenir. C'est une prière pour les âmes des défunts, aussi connue sous le nom latin de "Missa pro defunctis" ou "Missa defunctorum" ("Messe pour les défunts" ou "Messe des défunts"). Elle est parfois pratiquée par d’autres Églises chrétiennes comme les Églises anglicane et orthodoxe. | [
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Dieppe Raid | Raid de Dieppe | Operation Jubilee or the Dieppe Raid (19 August 1942) was an Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, France in the Second World War. The main assault lasted less than six hours when the German defence and mounting losses forced a retreat. Over 6,050 infantry, predominantly Canadian, were supported by The Calgary Regiment of the 1st Canadian Tank Brigade and a strong force of Royal Marines and smaller Royal Air Force (RAF) landing contingents comprising 5,000 Canadian, 1,000 British troops and 50 United States Army Rangers. | Le raid de Dieppe ou opération "Jubilee" est une attaque par les Alliés en France occupée, menée le sur le port de Dieppe. Le quart des troupes canadiennes engagées dans cette opération y périt, faisant de cette opération la plus meurtrière de la guerre pour ce pays, l'opération se soldant par un cuisant échec. | [
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Matthias Corvinus | Matthias Ier de Hongrie | Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I (,,,, ; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several military campaigns, he was elected King of Bohemia in 1469 and adopted the title Duke of Austria in 1487. He was the son of John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, who died in 1456. In 1457, Matthias was imprisoned along with his older brother, Ladislaus Hunyadi, on the orders of King Ladislaus the Posthumous. Ladislaus Hunyadi was executed, causing a rebellion that forced King Ladislaus to flee Hungary. After the King died unexpectedly, Matthias's uncle Michael Szilágyi persuaded the Estates to unanimously proclaim Matthias king on 24 January 1458. He began his rule under his uncle's guardianship, but he took effective control of government within two weeks. | Mathias (ou Matthias) Corvin I (hongrois : "Hunyadi Mátyás" ; roumain : "Matia" ("Matei") "Corvin" ou "Matia de Hunedoara" ; latin : "Matthias Corvinus" ; allemand : "Matthias Corvinus"), dit "le Juste" (en hongrois : "Igazságos"), né le à Kolozsvár en Transylvanie, aujourd'hui Cluj-Napoca (Roumanie) et mort à Vienne le fut l'un des plus grands rois de Hongrie, régnant du au. Prince humaniste, diplomate habile et excellent tacticien, il perfectionna les tactiques de cavalerie avec la création des hussards noirs, mais, faute de descendance légitime, son empire ne lui survécut pas et fut partagé à sa mort entre la couronne d'Autriche et l'Empire ottoman. | [
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Denbighshire | Denbighshire | Denbighshire (; ) is a county in north-east Wales (but with borders differing from the eponymous historic county). This part of Wales is known to have been inhabited longest – Pontnewydd (Bontnewydd-Llanelwy) Palaeolithic site has Neanderthal remains from 225,000 years ago. Castles include Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Ruthin, Castell Dinas Bran and Bodelwyddan. St Asaph, one of Britain's smallest cities, has one of its smallest Anglican cathedrals. Denbighshire is bounded by coastline to the north and hills to the east, south and west. The River Clwyd creates a broad fertile valley with little industry. Crops appear in the Vale of Clwyd and cattle and sheep in the uplands. The coast attracts tourists; hikers frequent the Clwydian Range, forming an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with the upper Dee Valley. Llangollen hosts the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod each July. | Le Denbighshire (en ) est un comté du nord du pays de Galles. Le "Sir Ddinbych" inclut les villes de : | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
John Titor | John Titor | John Titor is a name used on several bulletin boards during 2000 and 2001 by a poster claiming to be an American military time traveler from 2036. Titor made numerous vague and specific predictions regarding calamitous events in 2004 and beyond, including a nuclear war, none of which came true. Subsequent closer examination of Titor's assertions provoked widespread skepticism. Inconsistencies in his explanations, the uniform inaccuracy of his predictions, and a private investigator's findings all led to the general impression that the entire episode was an elaborate hoax. A 2009 investigation concluded that Titor was likely the creation of Larry Haber, a Florida entertainment lawyer, along with his brother Morey, a computer scientist. | John Titor est le pseudonyme d'une personne ayant posté plusieurs messages d'octobre 2000 à mars 2001 sur des forums traitant de voyages dans le temps en affirmant être un voyageur temporel en provenance de l'année 2036. Si les affirmations de Titor n'ont pas été oubliées, c'est sans doute parce qu'elles sont bien écrites, élaborées et relativement logiques ; elles sont tout de même accompagnées de « preuves » photographiques de très mauvaise qualité, même en 2000. Il justifiera cela par « les imprimantes fonctionnent mal en 12V, alors on est repassés aux moyens traditionnels ». Quelques communautés ont fini par prendre au sérieux ses affirmations, mais la thèse d'un canular bien monté reste la plus admise. Par exemple, dans ses messages (voir archive.org) il parle d’une troisième guerre mondiale en 2015 qui conduit à une modification de la constitution américaine et qui pousse cet état à se séparer en 5 unités distinctes, séparés selon leurs moyens financiers et militaires. L’histoire a montré que ce n’est pas le cas. | [
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52489,
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105506,
1704,
10804,
366,
94,
199,
2
] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Indiction | Indiction | An indiction is any of the years in a 15-year cycle used to date medieval documents throughout Europe, both East and West. Each year of a cycle was numbered (e.g. first indiction, second indiction). However, the cycles were not numbered, thus other information is needed to identify the specific year. | L’indiction romaine – du latin "indictio", « annonce » –, correspond à une imposition en nature, puis sous le Bas-Empire à une période d'actualisation des bases fiscales, fixée à 15 ans. | [
250004,
250054,
22420,
10763,
7,
7311,
538,
15005,
2822,
47,
70,
120164,
22867,
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Chandelier | Lustre (ameublement) | A chandelier (; also known as girandole, candelabra lamp, or least commonly suspended lights) is a branched ornamental light fixture designed to be mounted on ceilings or walls. Chandeliers are often ornate, and normally use incandescent light bulbs, though some modern designs also use fluorescent lamps and recently LEDs. Classic chandeliers have arrays of hanging crystal prisms to illuminate a room with refracted light, while contemporary chandeliers assume a more minimalist design that does not contain prisms and illuminate a room with direct light from the lamps, sometimes also equipped with translucent glass covering each lamp. Modern chandeliers have a more modernized design that uses LEDs, and combines the elements of both classic and contemporary designs; some are also equipped with refractive crystal prisms or small mirrors. | Un lustre est un luminaire décoratif suspendu au plafond. Il est souvent constitué de nombreux prismes et pendeloques en cristal qui réfractent la lumière sur l'ensemble de la pièce et en augmentent la clarté. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Length | Longueur | Length is a measure of distance. In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with dimension distance. In most systems of measurement a base unit for length is chosen, from which all other units are derived. In the International System of Units (SI) system the base unit for length is the metre. Length is commonly understood to mean the most extended dimension of a fixed object. However, this is not always the case and may depend on the position the object is in. | En géométrie, la longueur est la mesure d'une courbe dans un espace sur lequel est définie une notion de distance. La longueur est une mesure linéaire sur une seule dimension, par opposition à la surface qui est une mesure sur deux dimensions, et au volume dont la mesure porte sur trois dimensions. La longueur d'une courbe ne doit pas être confondue avec la distance entre deux points, laquelle est généralement plus petite que la longueur d'une courbe les reliant, la distance la plus courte étant celle mesurée suivant une ligne droite. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Oxalis | Oxalis | Oxalis (American English) or (British English) is a large genus of flowering plants in the wood-sorrel family Oxalidaceae comprising about 570 species. The genus occurs throughout most of the world, except for the polar areas; species diversity is particularly rich in tropical Brazil, Mexico and South Africa. | Le genre Oxalis (en français, les oxalis, terme masculin ou féminin, ou oxalides) regroupe plusieurs espèces de plantes herbacées de la famille des Oxalidacées, vivaces, basses, le plus souvent rampantes. On les reconnaît à leurs feuilles trifoliées, chaque foliole ayant la forme d'un cœur dont la pointe est constituée par le pétiolule. | [
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Harold Garfinkel | Harold Garfinkel | Harold Garfinkel (October 29, 1917 – April 21, 2011) was an American sociologist, ethnomethodologist, and a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is known for establishing and developing ethnomethodology as a field of inquiry in sociology. He is probably best known for his classic book, "Studies in Ethnomethodology", which was published in 1967, a collection of articles some of which had previously been published. Selections from unpublished materials were later published in two volumes: "Seeing Sociologically" and "Ethnomethodology's Program". There was also a collection of'studies of work' by his students which he edited. | Harold Garfinkel ( - ), Professeur à Harvard et à UCLA, est un sociologue américain, fondateur de l'ethnométhodologie, école de sociologie américaine de renommée internationale. | [
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Euboea | Eubée | Euboea or Evia (,, ;,, ) is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only at its narrowest point). In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about long, and varies in breadth from to. Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboea in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos. | L’Eubée (en grec ancien /, en grec moderne / ) est la deuxième des îles grecques après la Crète par la superficie : elle est longue de pour et compte (2005). Située en mer Égée en face de l’Attique et de la Béotie, elle en est séparée par le détroit de l’Euripe. Avec l’île de Skyros, ainsi qu'une partie continentale (Anthidona et Avlida), l'île forme le district régional d'Eubée de la périphérie de Grèce-Centrale. | [
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Breakbeat | Breakbeat | Breakbeat is a broad type of electronic music that utilizes breaks, often sampled from earlier recordings in funk, jazz and R&B, for the main rhythm. Breakbeats have been used in styles such as hip hop, jungle, drum and bass, big beat, hardcore, and UK garage styles (including 2-step, breakstep and dubstep). | Le breakbeat désigne un courant de musique électronique caractérisé par la présence de rythmes binaires très syncopés et l'utilisation intense de polyrythmes (en anglais "breakbeat" signifie littéralement « rythme cassé »). Le breakbeat s'oppose ainsi à d'autres genres de musique électronique au rythme plus régulier et stable telle que la house. | [
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Lars Ulrich | Lars Ulrich | Lars Ulrich (; ; born 26 December 1963) is a Danish musician, songwriter, record producer and podcaster. He is best known as the drummer and co-founder of the American heavy metal band Metallica. The son of tennis player Torben Ulrich and grandson of tennis player Einer Ulrich, he also played tennis in his youth and moved to Los Angeles at age 16 to train professionally. However, rather than playing tennis, Ulrich began playing drums. After publishing an advertisement in "The Recycler", Ulrich met vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and formed Metallica. Along with Hetfield, Ulrich has songwriting credits on almost all of the band's songs. He was the face of the band during the Napster controversy. Later in his career Ulrich began hosting the "It's Electric" podcast, in which he speaks with other prominent musicians. | Lars Ulrich (né le à Gentofte, Danemark) est un batteur danois. Il est connu comme étant le batteur du groupe de metal Metallica. James Hetfield et lui en sont les deux fondateurs et membres permanents du groupe. | [
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Louis de Bonald | Louis de Bonald | Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de Bonald (2 October 1754 – 23 November 1840), was a French counter-revolutionary philosopher and politician. Mainly, he is remembered for developing a set of social theories that exercised a powerful influence in shaping the ontological framework from which French sociology would emerge. | Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, vicomte de Bonald, né le à Millau où il est mort le, est un homme politique, philosophe et essayiste français, grand adversaire de la Révolution française. | [
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Gallipoli campaign | Bataille des Dardanelles | The Gallipoli campaign, also known as the Dardanelles campaign, the Battle of Gallipoli or the Battle of Çanakkale (), was a campaign of the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey), from 17 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Entente powers, Britain, France and Russia, sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, by taking control of the straits that provided a supply route to Russia. The Allies' attack on Ottoman forts at the entrance of the Dardanelles in February 1915 failed and was followed by an amphibious landing on the Gallipoli peninsula in April 1915 to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople (Istanbul). | La bataille des Dardanelles, également appelée bataille de Gallipoli (ou "campagne des Dardanelles", ou "campagne de Gallipoli"), est un affrontement de la Première Guerre mondiale qui opposa l'Empire ottoman aux troupes britanniques et françaises dans la péninsule de Gallipoli dans l'actuelle Turquie du 18 mars 1915 au 9 janvier 1916. | [
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Quierzy | Quierzy | Quierzy, also known as Quierzy-sur-Oise (; formerly in, "Carisiacum", "Charisagum", "Karisiacum"), is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France, straddling the Oise River between Noyon and Chauny. | Quierzy (nom officiel, mais on voit aussi parfois Quierzy-sur-Oise) est une commune du département de l'Aisne, dans la région administrative des Hauts-de-France et la région naturelle du Soissonnais. Située entre Noyon et Chauny, elle est traversée par la rivière Oise. La rivière Ailette rejoint l'Oise à Quierzy. Ancienne villa royale aux temps des Mérovingiens puis palatium impérial avec les Carolingiens, c'est maintenant un paisible village, mais aussi un lieu de mémoire de l'histoire de France, puisqu'il fut le village de France qui eut le passé historique le plus illustre durant le haut moyen-âge. | [
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Boris Godunov | Boris Godounov | Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (;, ; c. 1551) ruled the Tsardom of Russia as "de facto" regent from c. 1585 to 1598 and then as the first non-Rurikid tsar from 1598 to 1605. After the end of his reign Russia descended into the Time of Troubles. | Boris Fiodorovitch Godounov, en (v. 1551 – Moscou, ), gouverne la Russie à partir de 1594 à la place de Féodor, le fils d'Ivan le Terrible, et fut tsar de Russie de 1598 à sa mort subite en avril 1605. | [
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Open Database Connectivity | Open Database Connectivity | In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. An application written using ODBC can be ported to other platforms, both on the client and server side, with few changes to the data access code. | ODBC (sigle de ) est un intergiciel qui permet à une application informatique, par un procédé unique, de manipuler plusieurs bases de données qui sont mises à disposition par des systèmes de gestion de bases de données (SGBD) ayant chacun un procédé propre. | [
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Ajaigarh | Ajaigarh | Ajaigarh or Adjygurh is a town and a nagar panchayat in the Panna District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. | Ajaigarh (hindi : अजैगढ) est une ville de l'État du Madhya Pradesh en Inde, également ancienne capitale d'un État princier de l'Inde britannique. | [
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Double Inconstancy | La Double Inconstance | La Double Inconstance is a three-act romantic comedy by French playwright Marivaux. Its title is usually translated into English as The Double Inconstancy. "La Double Inconstance" was first performed 6 April 1723 by the Comédie Italienne. In this play, a young woman is kidnapped from her lover by the prince of the country, who loves her and intends to marry her. Through ruse and disguises, the prince and a trusty female servant manage to break up the relationship, resulting in two marriages. | La Double Inconstance est une comédie francaise en trois actes et en prose de Marivaux représentée pour la première fois le à l’hôtel de Bourgogne par les Comédiens italiens. | [
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Honeysuckle | Chèvrefeuille | Honeysuckles ("Lonicera", ; syn. "Caprifolium" Mill.) are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in North America and Eurasia. Widely known species include "Lonicera periclymenum" (common honeysuckle or woodbine), "Lonicera japonica" (Japanese honeysuckle, white honeysuckle, or Chinese honeysuckle) and "Lonicera sempervirens" (coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or woodbine honeysuckle). "L. japonica" is an aggressive, highly invasive species considered as a significant pest on the continents of North America, Europe, South America, Australia, and Africa. | Les Chèvrefeuilles (genre Lonicera) sont des arbustes ou lianes de la famille des caprifoliacées. Certaines espèces sont aussi nommées communément des camérisiers. On en connaît environ 200 espèces dans les régions tempérées de l'hémisphère nord et les régions sub-tropicales. L'habitat de la plupart des espèces de chèvrefeuille, est la lisière des forêts et par extension les haies, bords de chemins creux. Les chèvrefeuilles, autochtones ou exotiques sont fréquemment utilisés pour former des haies ou parois décoratives. | [
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Louis V of France | Louis V le Fainéant | Louis V (– 21 May 987), also known as Louis the Do-Nothing (), was a king of West Francia from 979, co-reigning first with his father, Lothair, until 986. During his reign, the nobility essentially ruled the country. Dying childless, Louis V was the last Carolingian monarch in West Francia. | Louis, dit « le Fainéant », né vers 967 et mort le, est roi des Francs de mars 986 à mai 987. Fils de Lothaire et d'Emma, arrière-petit-fils de l'arrière-arrière-petit-fils de Charlemagne, il est l'ultime monarque d'Europe à appartenir à la dynastie carolingienne, le pouvoir en France passant ensuite aux Capétiens. | [
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Yorkshire Terrier | Yorkshire Terrier | The Yorkshire Terrier is one of the smallest dog breed of terrier type, and of any dog breed. The breed developed during the 19th century in Yorkshire, England. Ideally its maximum size is. A popular companion dog, the Yorkshire Terrier has also been part of the development of other breeds, such as the Silky Terrier. It has a grey, black and tan coat, and the breed's nickname is Yorkie. | Le Yorkshire terrier, plus couramment appelé York est une race de chien de petite taille appartenant au groupe des terriers et originaire du comté anglais du même nom. Les traits distinctifs de la race sont sa petite taille (poids maximal ) et son pelage long et soyeux de couleur bleu, gris et feu. Très populaire auprès du grand public et en concours, ce chien surnommé « Yorkie » a également été à l'origine d'autres races comme le Terrier australien à poil soyeux. | [
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Conversation analysis | Analyse conversationnelle | Conversation analysis (CA) is an approach to the study of social interaction, embracing both verbal and non-verbal conduct, in situations of everyday life. CA originated as a sociological method, but has since spread to other fields. CA began with a focus on casual conversation, but its methods were subsequently adapted to embrace more task- and institution-centered interactions, such as those occurring in doctors' offices, courts, law enforcement, helplines, educational settings, and the mass media. As a consequence, the term 'conversation analysis' has become something of a misnomer, but it has continued as a term for a distinctive and successful approach to the analysis of sociolinguistic interactions. | L’analyse conversationnelle est l’étude des mécanismes et de l’organisation de la conversation dans le monde social. Il s'agit d'un champ recherche multidisciplinaire qui s'arrête sur plusieurs phénomènes, comme la rétroaction, les ponctuants du discours, les tours de parole, les réparations et l'ouverture, la fermeture et les sujets de conversations. | [
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Yorkshire | Yorkshire | Yorkshire (; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. | Le (en français : comté d’York) est un comté traditionnel d'Angleterre. Ce comté, le plus vaste du Royaume-Uni, est administrativement divisé entre quatre comtés cérémoniaux : le Yorkshire du Nord, le Yorkshire de l'Ouest, le Yorkshire du Sud et le Yorkshire de l'Est. Malgré cela, le Yorkshire est toujours considéré comme une entité culturelle et géographique unique. | [
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Lèse-majesté | Crime de lèse-majesté | Lèse-majesté ( or ;), a French term meaning "to do wrong to majesty", is an offence against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state. | Le crime de lèse-majesté est une notion juridique mal définie qui a évolué dans le temps, recouvrant différentes qualifications juridiques. Pour l'essentiel, il était relié aux atteintes au souverain, quel qu'il soit (le peuple, un monarque, un principe fondateur), et aux signes de sa majesté (objets, décisions, personnes y compris leurs représentants). | [
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Ethnomethodology | Ethnométhodologie | Ethnomethodology is the study of how social order is produced in and through processes of social interaction. It generally seeks to provide an alternative to mainstream sociological approaches. In its most radical form, it poses a challenge to the social sciences as a whole. Its early investigations led to the founding of conversation analysis, which has found its own place as an accepted discipline within the academy. According to Psathas, it is possible to distinguish five major approaches within the ethnomethodological family of disciplines (see ). | L'ethnométhodologie est une approche sociologique qui étudie les méthodes que les gens utilisent pour comprendre et produire l'ordre social dans lequel ils vivent. Elle se conçoit généralement comme une alternative aux approches sociologiques traditionnelles. Dans sa forme la plus radicale, elle pose un défi aux sciences sociales dans leur ensemble. D'autre part, ses premières recherches ont permis de développer l'analyse des catégorisations et l'analyse conversationnelle, qui ont constitué des innovations méthodologiques importante pour ressaisir les rapports entre le discours et l'activité dans le cadre des interactions sociales. Créée par Harold Garfinkel au cours des années 1950, l'ethnométhodologie s'est développée dans les années 1960 aux États-Unis. Son arrivée en Europe francophone intervient au début des années 1970, mais il faudra attendre les années 1980 pour qu'elle fédère un ensemble de chercheurs. | [
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Nicholas II of Russia | Nicolas II | Nicholas or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer, was the last Emperor of All Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. During his reign, the Russian Empire implemented reforms such as the first civil liberties in the Russian History, literacy programs, State representation, modern infrastructures, beginning of Industrialization and military reforms after the defeat in the Russo-Japanese war (1904–1905). He was reviled by Soviet historians as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects. | Nicolas II (en / "Nikolaj II"), né Nikolaï Aleksandrovitch Romanov (en, "Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Romanov") le au palais de Tsarskoïe Selo et exécuté sommairement avec toute sa famille le à Iekaterinbourg, est connu comme le dernier empereur de Russie, également roi de Pologne et grand-duc de Finlande, de la dynastie des Romanov. | [
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Aysén Region | Région d'Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo | The Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region (,, '), often shortened to Aysén Region or Aisén, is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. Although the third largest in area, the region is Chile's most sparsely populated region with a population of 102,317 as of 2017. The capital of the region is Coihaique, the region's former namesake. | La Région d'Aysén, en (titre complet : "Región de Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo") est une région du Chili située au sud du pays. Elle est entourée au nord par la région des Lacs, à l'est par l'Argentine et au sud par la région de Magallanes et de l'Antarctique chilien. Elle doit son nom au général Carlos Ibáñez del Campo qui sera Président de la République du Chili de 1927 à 1931 et, démocratiquement réélu, de 1952 à 1958. | [
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Wim Wenders | Wim Wenders | Ernst Wilhelm "Wim" Wenders (; born 14 August 1945) is a German filmmaker, playwright, author, and photographer. He is a major figure in New German Cinema. Among many honors, he has received three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature: for "Buena Vista Social Club" (1999), about Cuban music culture; "Pina" (2011), about the contemporary dance choreographer Pina Bausch; and "The Salt of the Earth" (2014), about Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado. | Wilhelm Ernst Wenders, dit Wim Wenders, né le à Düsseldorf, Land de Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, est un réalisateur, producteur, scénariste de cinéma et photographe allemand. Il est l'un des représentants majeurs du nouveau cinéma allemand des. Depuis 1996, il est président de l'Académie Européenne du Cinéma, installée à Berlin. Il travaille principalement aux États-Unis. | [
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Exercise Tiger | Opération Tigre (1944) | Exercise Tiger, or Operation Tiger, was one of a series of large-scale rehearsals for the D-Day invasion of Normandy, which took place in April 1944 on Slapton Sands in Devon. Coordination and communication problems resulted in friendly fire deaths during the exercise, and an Allied convoy positioning itself for the landing was attacked by E-boats of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine", resulting in the deaths of at least 749 American servicemen. | Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’opération Tigre ou exercice Tigre ("operation Tiger" ou "exercice Tiger" en anglais) fut un exercice militaire de répétition du débarquement de Normandie qui eut lieu à Slapton Sands, dans le comté de Devon, dans le sud-ouest de l'Angleterre en avril 1944. | [
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Giardini Botanici Hanbury | Jardin botanique Hanbury | The Giardini Botanici Hanbury, also known as Villa Hanbury, are major botanical gardens operated by the University of Genoa. They are located at Corso Montecarlo 43, Mortola Inferiore, several km west of Ventimiglia, Italy. | Le jardin botanique Hanbury ("Giardini botanici Hanbury"), situé près de la ville de Vintimille en Italie, est un des grands jardins botaniques de la Riviera italienne. | [
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Lizzy Mercier Descloux | Lizzy Mercier Descloux | Martine-Elisabeth "Lizzy" Mercier Descloux (16 December 1956 – 20 April 2004) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, composer, actress, writer and painter. | Lizzy Mercier Descloux, née Martine-Élisabeth Mercier le à Paris, décédée le à Saint-Florent en Haute-Corse, est une musicienne et chanteuse française, une égérie de la "new wave" française et pionnière de la "world music". | [
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Peter Falk | Peter Falk | Peter Michael Falk (September 16, 1927 – June 23, 2011) was an American actor and comedian, known for his role as Lieutenant Columbo in the long-running television series "Columbo" (1968–2003), for which he won four Primetime Emmy Awards (1972, 1975, 1976, 1990) and a Golden Globe Award (1973). He first starred as Columbo in two 90-minute TV pilots; the first with Gene Barry in 1968 and the second with Lee Grant in 1971. The show then aired as part of "The NBC Mystery Movie" series from 1971 to 1978, and again on ABC from 1989 to 2003. | Peter Falk, né Peter Michael Falk le à New York, dans l'État de New York, aux (États-Unis), et mort le à Beverly Hills, en Californie, aux États-Unis, à l'âge de, est un acteur et producteur américain. | [
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Coronation of the French monarch | Sacre des rois de France | The accession of the King of France to the royal throne was legitimized by a ceremony performed with the Crown of Charlemagne at Notre-Dame de Reims. In late medieval and early modern times, the new king did not need to be anointed in order to be recognized as French monarch but ascended upon the previous monarch's death with the proclamation "Le Roi est mort, vive le Roi!" | Du temps du royaume des Francs puis de France, l'avènement du nouveau roi était légitimé par la cérémonie de son couronnement avec la couronne de Charlemagne à Notre-Dame de Reims. Cependant, le roi n'avait pas besoin d'être reconnu comme monarque français ; le nouveau roi montait sur le trône automatiquement à la mort de son prédécesseur, cela étant symbolisé une première fois lorsque le cercueil du monarque précédent descendait dans la chapelle de la basilique Saint-Denis, et que le duc d'Uzès, premier pair de France, proclamait : « "Le roi est mort, vive le roi!" » | [
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Heidenheim an der Brenz | Heidenheim an der Brenz | Heidenheim an der Brenz (short: Heidenheim) is a town in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located near the border with Bavaria, approximately 17 km south of Aalen and 33 km north of Ulm. Heidenheim is the largest town and the seat of the district of Heidenheim, and ranks third behind Aalen and Schwäbisch Gmünd in size among the towns in the region of East Württemberg. Heidenheim is the economic center for all the communities in Heidenheim district and is the headquarters of the Voith industrial company. The town's population passed the 20,000 mark in 1925. Heidenheim collaborates with the town of Nattheim in administrative matters. | Heidenheim est une ville du Wurtemberg, en Allemagne. Elle est située à la frontière entre le Bade-Wurtemberg et la Bavière, à environ 17 km au sud d'Aalen et à 33 km au nord d'Ulm. La rivière Brenz traverse la ville. Le château Hellenstein trône sur la ville. | [
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Hawkwind | Hawkwind | Hawkwind are an English rock band known as one of the earliest space rock groups. Since their formation in November 1969, Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and have incorporated many different styles into their music, including hard rock, progressive rock and psychedelic rock. They are also regarded as an influential proto-punk band. Their lyrics favour urban and science fiction themes. | Hawkwind est un groupe de rock britannique, originaire de Ladbroke Grove, à Londres, en Angleterre. Il s'est formé en 1969. Il est considéré comme l'un des pionniers du genre space rock. | [
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Manfred Rommel | Manfred Rommel | Manfred Rommel (24 December 1928 – 7 November 2013) was a German politician belonging to the Christian Democratic Union, who served as Mayor of Stuttgart from 1974 until 1996. Rommel's policies were described as tolerant and liberal, and he was one of the most popular municipal politicians in Germany. He was the recipient of numerous foreign honours. He was the only son of Wehrmacht field marshal Erwin Rommel and his wife Lucia Maria Mollin (1894–1971), and contributed to the establishment of museums in his father's honour. He was also known for his friendship with George Patton IV and David Montgomery, the sons of his father's two principal military adversaries. | Manfred Rommel (né le à Stuttgart où il est mort le ) est un homme politique allemand. Il a été maire de cette ville pendant plus de vingt ans, | [
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Hour angle | Angle horaire | In astronomy and celestial navigation, the hour angle is one of the coordinates used in the equatorial coordinate system to give the direction of a point on the celestial sphere. The hour angle of a point is the angle between two planes: one containing Earth's axis and the zenith (the meridian plane), and the other containing Earth's axis and the given point (the hour circle passing through the point). | En astronomie, l'angle horaire d'un astre est défini comme la différence, prise dans le sens direct, entre le temps sidéral et son ascension droite. Autrement dit c'est la portion d'arc d'équateur comprise entre le plan du cercle horaire passant par l'astre et le plan du méridien céleste. Cette expression provient de ce que les angles et les heures sont équivalents, vu qu'une rotation terrestre, soit 360 degrés, correspond à 24 heures de temps sidéral. L'ascension droite peut ainsi s'exprimer en degrés ou en heures, et de même, le temps sidéral peut aussi s'exprimer en degrés. L'ascension droite d'un astre (ou d'un point du ciel) étant l'arc d'équateur compris entre le point vernal et le cercle horaire passant par cet astre, et le temps sidéral étant l'ascension droite du méridien supérieur du lieu d'observation, la différence entre ces ascensions droites est l'angle horaire de l'astre dont il est question. Pour plus de précision on peut dire qu'il s'agit du temps sidéral local du lieu au moment de l'observation. | [
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Optometry | Optométrie | Optometry is a health care profession that involves examining the eyes and applicable visual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the correction of refractive error with glasses or contact lenses and treatment of eye diseases. | Le terme optométrie vient des mots grecs ὄψις ("opsis"; « vue ») et μέτρον ("metron" ; « quelque chose servant à mesurer », « mesure », « règle »). La racine du mot opto, est une forme abrégée dérivée du mot grec ophthalmos signifiant « l'œil ». | [
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Wings of Desire | Les Ailes du désir | Wings of Desire () is a 1987 romantic fantasy film directed by Wim Wenders. The film is about invisible, immortal angels who populate Berlin and listen to the thoughts of its human inhabitants, comforting the distressed. Even though the city is densely populated, many of the people are isolated or estranged from their loved ones. One of the angels, played by Bruno Ganz, falls in love with a beautiful, lonely trapeze artist, played by Solveig Dommartin. The angel chooses to become mortal so that he can experience human sensory pleasures, ranging from enjoying food to touching a loved one, and so that he can discover human love with the trapeze artist. | Les Ailes du désir ("") est un film franco-allemand appartenant au genre merveilleux, produit et réalisé par Wim Wenders et sorti le. | [
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Grunge | Grunge | Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is an alternative rock genre and subculture that emerged during the in the American Pacific Northwest state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The style became known as a hybrid of punk and metal. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and the region's underground music scene. The owners of Sub Pop marketed the style shrewdly and the media was encouraged to describe it as "grunge". By the early 1990s, its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals. | Le grunge est un genre musical dérivé du rock et une culture underground, apparus au début des années 1990 essentiellement autour de Seattle dans l'État de Washington. Il est considéré comme la forme la plus populaire du rock alternatif au niveau mondial dans les années 1990, grâce notamment aux groupes Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden et Alice in Chains qui ont vendu des millions d'albums. | [
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École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon | École supérieure de chimie, physique, électronique de Lyon | École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon or CPE Lyon is a French engineering school, located in Villeurbanne, near Lyon. | L’École d'Ingénieurs en Chimie et Sciences du Numérique CPE Lyon (également connue sous le nom de ESCPE Lyon ou CPE Lyon pour chimie, physique, électronique) est l'une des françaises accréditées au à délivrer un diplôme d'ingénieur. | [
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Matthew Perry | Matthew Perry (acteur) | Matthew Langford Perry (born August 19, 1969) is an American-Canadian actor, comedian, executive producer, screenwriter, and playwright who gained worldwide recognition for his role as Chandler Bing on the NBC television sitcom "Friends", which ran from 1994 to 2004. Due to the vast popularity of the sitcom, Perry and the rest of the six-member main cast ensemble were each making $1 million per episode by 2002. Along with starring in the short-lived television series "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", Perry has appeared in a number of films, including "Fools Rush In" (1997), "The Whole Nine Yards" (2000), and "17 Again" (2009). In 2010, he expanded his resume to include both video games and voice-over work when he voiced Benny in the video game "". Perry was the co-creator, co-writer, executive producer, and star of the ABC sitcom "Mr. Sunshine", which ran from February to April 2011. In August 2012, Perry began starring as Ryan King, a sportscaster, on the NBC sitcom "Go On". The series was canceled on May 10, 2013. Perry co-developed and starred in the CBS sitcom "The Odd Couple" portraying Oscar Madison from 2015 to 2017. | Matthew Perry, né le à Williamstown, au Massachusetts, est un acteur américano-canadien. Il s'est fait connaître par son rôle de Chandler Bing dans la série télévisée "". | [
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Syringa | Syringa | Syringa (lilac) is a genus of 12 currently recognized species of flowering woody plants in the olive family (Oleaceae), native to woodland and scrub from southeastern Europe to eastern Asia, and widely and commonly cultivated in temperate areas elsewhere. | Syringa est un genre d'arbustes appartenant à la famille des "Oleaceae" et composé d'une vingtaine d'espèces. Ce genre regroupe plusieurs des lilas véritables. | [
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Alliaria petiolata | Alliaire officinale | Alliaria petiolata, or garlic mustard, is a biennial flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa, Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern Pakistan and Xinjiang in western China. | L'Alliaire officinale ou Herbe à ail ("Alliaria petiolata") est une plante herbacée bisannuelle de la famille des Brassicacées, localement devenue envahissante aux États-Unis (où elle ne doit pas être confondue avec plusieurs espèces indigènes qui lui ressemblent ("Dentaria"), "Osmorhiza claytonii", "Saxifraga virginica"). | [
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Bahawalpur | Bahawalpur | Bahawalpur (), is a city located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Bahawalpur is the 11th largest city in Pakistan by population as per 2017 census with a population of 762,111. | Bahawalpur (en ourdou : بہاولپور ) est une ville située dans le district de Bahawalpur dans la province du Pendjab au Pakistan. En 2017, sa population s'élevait à plus de habitants et sa démographie est l'une des plus vigoureuses du pays. | [
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Balasinor | Balasinor | Balasinor (also referred to as Vadasinor) is a city located in the Mahisagar district of Gujarat, India. Formerly a princely state of the Babi dynasty belonging to the Babai (Pashtun tribe), it was created on 28 September 1758 out of the state of the Junagadh Babis. | Balasinor est une ville du District de Kheda dans l'État du Gujarat en Inde et un ancien État princier des Indes. | [
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Revolver | Revolver | A revolver (also called a wheel gun) is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers (each holding a single cartridge) and at least one barrel for firing. Before firing a round, the hammer is cocked and the cylinder rotates partially, indexing one of the cylinder chambers into alignment with the barrel, which allows the bullet to be fired through the bore. The hammer cocking can be achieved by either the user manually pulling the hammer back (as in single-action), via internal linkage relaying a rearward movement of the trigger (as in double-action), or both (as in double/single-action). By sequentially rotating through each chamber, the revolver allows the user to fire multiple times until having to reload the gun, unlike older single-shot firearms that had to be reloaded after each shot. | Un revolver ou révolver est un système équipant une arme à feu dans lequel les chambres (partie de l'arme contenant la charge propulsive et le projectile) sont amenées tour à tour par rotation devant un canon indépendant, permettant de tirer plusieurs coups sans interruption. | [
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Dwarf (mythology) | Nain (créature fantastique) | In Germanic mythology, a dwarf is a human-shaped entity that dwells in mountains and in the earth and is variously associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting. Dwarfs are sometimes described as short and ugly, although some scholars have questioned whether this is a later development stemming from comical portrayals of the beings. Dwarfs continue to be depicted in modern popular culture in a variety of media. | Le nain est une créature humanoïde, légendaire et imaginaire, souterraine et de petite taille, dont la figure actuelle est principalement issue de la mythologie nordique et des croyances germaniques médiévales. Comme le lutin, le gobelin et le gnome, avec lesquels il est souvent confondu, il fait partie du « petit peuple ». Il partage peut-être l'origine des géants mythologiques. | [
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Veneration | Dulie | Veneration (Latin "veneratio", Greek τιμάω, "timao"), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness. Angels are shown similar veneration in many religions. Philologically, "to venerate" derives from the Latin verb, "venerare", meaning 'to regard with reverence and respect'. Veneration of saints is practiced, formally or informally, by adherents of some branches of all major religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism. | Le culte de dulie est, pour l'Église catholique, le culte réservé aux saints, par opposition au culte de latrie, réservé à Dieu, et au culte d'hyperdulie, réservé à la Vierge Marie. Le mot vient du grec ancien /, « l'esclave, le serviteur ». | [
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Falkland Islands | Îles Malouines | The Falkland Islands (;, ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, and about from the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of, comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The Falkland Islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland. | Les îles Malouines ( ; ) sont un archipel de l'Atlantique Sud situé à au nord-est de l'extrémité orientale de la Terre de Feu et à de l'extrémité nord de la péninsule Antarctique. Elles forment un territoire britannique d'outre-mer. Elles sont revendiquées par l'Argentine et ont été l'enjeu d'un affrontement militaire, la guerre des Malouines, entre les deux pays en 1982. L'archipel est composé de deux îles principales, la Grande Malouine et la Malouine orientale séparées par un large chenal, le détroit des Malouines ("Falkland Sound" en anglais, "Estrecho de San Carlos" en espagnol), ainsi que de plus de et îlots. La superficie de l'archipel est de (superficie équivalente à celle de l'Irlande du Nord), pour une population d'environ (Malouins), dont les deux tiers résident dans la capitale Port Stanley. | [
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Pope Gregory I | Grégoire Ier | Pope Gregory I (; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. He is known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian Mission, to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity. Gregory is also well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as Pope. The epithet Saint Gregory the Dialogist has been attached to him in Eastern Christianity because of his "Dialogues". English translations of Eastern texts sometimes list him as Gregory "Dialogos", or the Anglo-Latinate equivalent "Dialogus". | , dit le Grand, est le 64 pape de l'Église catholique. Il est l'auteur d'œuvres patristiques majeures qui ont marqué et marquent toujours l'histoire de l'Église. Né vers 540, il est élu pape en 590 et décède le ). | [
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Duke of Burgundy | Liste des ducs de Bourgogne | Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by France in 1477, and later by Habsburg sovereigns of the Low Countries (1482-1556). | Le duché de Bourgogne est fondé en 880 à partir du royaume de Bourgogne, par les rois carolingiens Louis III et Carloman II, ainsi que les membres princiers de leur famille qui se partagent l'Empire carolingien de Charlemagne dont ils ont hérité. Ils féodalisent tous les royaumes carolingiens de France en duchés et comtés vassaux des rois de France. | [
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Raï | Raï | Raï (, ), sometimes written rai, is a form of Algerian folk music that dates back to the 1920s. Singers of Raï are called "cheb" (Arabic: شاب) (or "shabab," i.e. young) as opposed to "sheikh" (Arabic: شيخ) ("shaykh", i.e. old), the name given to Chaabi singers. The tradition arose in the city of Oran, primarily among the poor. Traditionally sung by men, by the end of the 20th century, female singers had become common. The lyrics of Raï have concerned social issues such as disease and the policing of European colonies that affected native populations. | Le raï est un genre musical algérien, né dans sa forme traditionnelle, au début du dans la région de l'Oranie (Oran, Sidi-bel-Abbès et Aïn Témouchent). Cette musique s'est alors modernisée dans les années 1970, puis internationalisée depuis les années 1990. | [
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Rifts (role-playing game) | Rifts | Rifts is a multi-genre role-playing game created by Kevin Siembieda in August 1990 and published continuously by Palladium Books since then. "Rifts" takes place in a post-apocalyptic future, deriving elements from cyberpunk, science fiction, fantasy, horror, western, mythology and many other genres. | Rifts est un jeu de rôle de science-fiction, créé par Kevin Siembieda et édité en 1990 chez Palladium Books. Il se déroule sur une Terre post-apocalyptique et mêle univers parallèles et fantastique (magie et démons), avec un côté cyberpunk (humains améliorés, mais pas de réseau informatique). | [
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Banganapalle | Banganapalle | Banganapalle or Banagana Palli is a town in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It lies in Kurnool district, 70 km south of the town of Kurnool. Banganapalle is famous for its mangoes and has a cultivar, "Banganapalle", named after it. Between 1790 and 1948, Banganapalle was the capital of the princely state of the same name, Banganapalle State. Notable Persons who were born here is Pendekanti Venkatasubbaiah | Banganapalle (également appelée Banagana Palli) est une ville de l'État d'Andhra Pradesh, en Inde. Entre 1790 et 1948, Banganapalle était la capitale de la principauté de Banganapalle. La ville est réputée pour ses mangues dont un cultivar porte d'ailleurs son nom. | [
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Nonviolent Communication | Communication non violente | Nonviolent Communication (abbreviated NVC, also called Compassionate Communication or Collaborative Communication) is an approach to nonviolent living developed by Marshall Rosenberg beginning in the 1960s. | La communication non violente (CNV) est un processus de communication élaboré par Marshall B. Rosenberg. Selon son auteur, ce sont. L'empathie est au cœur de la CNV, entamée dans les années 1970, ce qui constitue un point commun avec l'approche centrée sur la personne du psychologue Carl Rogers dont Marshall Rosenberg fut un des élèves. L'expression « non violente » est une référence au mouvement de Gandhi et signifie ici le fait de communiquer avec l'autre sans lui nuire (voir ""). Marshall Rosenberg s'appuie également sur les travaux de l'économiste chilien Manfred Max-Neef, qui a analysé les besoins humains. | [
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Bernard of Clairvaux | Bernard de Clairvaux | Bernard of Clairvaux (; 109020 August 1153) was a French abbot and a major leader in the revitalization of Benedictine monasticism through the nascent Order of Cistercians. | Bernard de Fontaine, abbé de Clairvaux, né en 1090 à Fontaine-lès-Dijon et mort le à l'abbaye de Clairvaux, est un moine bourguignon, réformateur de la vie religieuse catholique. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Ernst Zermelo | Ernst Zermelo | Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (, ; 27 July 1871 – 21 May 1953) was a German logician and mathematician, whose work has major implications for the foundations of mathematics. He is known for his role in developing Zermelo–Fraenkel axiomatic set theory and his proof of the well-ordering theorem. | Ernst Zermelo ( à Berlin - à Fribourg-en-Brisgau, à l'état civil, Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo) est un mathématicien allemand. Il s'est principalement intéressé aux fondations des mathématiques et à la philosophie. Il a donné des développements importants à la théorie des ensembles et fut un des précurseurs de la théorie des jeux. | [
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Bucephalus | Bucéphale | Bucephalus or Bucephalas (;, from "bous", "ox" and "kephalē", "head" meaning "ox-head") ( – June 326 BC) was the horse of Alexander the Great, and one of the most famous horses of antiquity. | Bucéphale (en grec ancien / ) est le cheval d'Alexandre le Grand que lui seul est parvenu à dresser. Il le suit dans ses conquêtes en Asie, participant aux plus grandes batailles. Il meurt peu après la bataille de l'Hydaspe en 326 av. J.-C., de blessures ou de vieillesse. Alexandre a fondé en son honneur une cité, Bucéphalie (ou "Alexandria Boukephalous") au Pendjab pakistanais, sur les rive du Jhelum, à l'endroit où le cheval a été enterré. | [
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Sevastopol | Sébastopol | Sevastopol (Ukrainian, Russian: Севастополь; ) is the largest city on the Crimean Peninsula and a major Black Sea port. Since annexing Crimea in 2014, the Russian Federation has administered Sevastopol as a federal city. Nevertheless, Ukraine and most of the UN member countries continue to regard Sevastopol as a city with special status within Ukraine. The population is made up of mostly Russians with small numbers of Ukrainians and Tatars. | Sébastopol (en russe et, "Sevastopol’" ; en ) est une ville située dans le Sud-Ouest de la péninsule de Crimée. Elle fut fondée par l'impératrice russe Catherine II, sur un site particulièrement favorable à l'implantation d'un port, puisque formé de huit baies en eau profonde, dont celle de Balaklava. La population de la municipalité de Sébastopol s'élève à en 2016. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Paul Cohen | Paul Cohen | Paul Joseph Cohen (April 2, 1934 – March 23, 2007) was an American mathematician. He is best known for his proofs that the continuum hypothesis and the axiom of choice are independent from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, for which he was awarded a Fields Medal. | Paul Joseph Cohen (1934-2007) est un mathématicien américain. Il est connu principalement pour avoir démontré en 1963 que l'hypothèse du continu et l'axiome du choix étaient indépendants des axiomes de la théorie des ensembles de Zermelo-Fraenkel, travaux qui lui ont valu la médaille Fields en 1966. Il a utilisé pour cela une méthode originale, le forcing, technique qu'il avait lui-même inventée. | [
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Bill Laswell | Bill Laswell | William Otis Laswell (born February 12, 1955) is an American bass guitarist, record producer, and record label owner. He has been involved in thousands of recordings with many collaborators from all over the world. His music draws from funk, world music, jazz, dub and ambient styles. | Bill Laswell est un producteur et bassiste américain né le à Salem (Illinois). Il s'exprime à travers des genres musicaux variés comme le jazz, le dub, le drum and bass, le funk, le rock ou encore de façon plus vague la musique expérimentale. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
John Dalton | John Dalton | John Dalton (; 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour. | John Dalton, né à Eaglesfield (Angleterre) le et mort à Manchester le, est un chimiste et physicien britannique. Il est connu surtout pour sa théorie atomique, publiée en 1808, ainsi que pour ses recherches sur le daltonisme. | [
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Politics of Cuba | Politique à Cuba | Cuba has had a socialist political system since 1959 based on the "one state – one party" principle. Cuba is constitutionally defined as a Marxist–Leninist socialist state guided in part by the political ideas of Karl Marx, one of the fathers of historical materialism, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin. Despite being regarded as a Communist state, the ideology of José Martí is what serves as the main source of influence in Cuban politics. The present Constitution, which was passed in a 2019 referendum, also describes the role of the Communist Party of Cuba to be the "leading force of society and of the state" and as such has the capability of setting national policy. The 2019 Constitution also made not only the ideas of Marti, but also those of Fidel Castro superior to those of Marxism with regards to influence over the Cuban Communist Party and Cuban society. | Cuba, officiellement la République de Cuba (en espagnol : "República de Cuba"), se définit constitutionnellement comme étant un État socialiste, guidé par les principes énoncés par José Martí et les idéaux politiques de Marx, Engels et Lénine. La constitution cubaine définit le Parti communiste de Cuba comme. | [
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History of neuroscience | Histoire de la connaissance du cerveau | From the ancient Egyptian mummifications to 18th-century scientific research on "globules" and neurons, there is evidence of neuroscience practice throughout the early periods of history. The early civilizations lacked adequate means to obtain knowledge about the human brain. Their assumptions about the inner workings of the mind, therefore, were not accurate. Early views on the function of the brain regarded it to be a form of "cranial stuffing" of sorts. In ancient Egypt, from the late Middle Kingdom onwards, in preparation for mummification, the brain was regularly removed, for it was the heart that was assumed to be the seat of intelligence. According to Herodotus, during the first step of mummification: "The most perfect practice is to extract as much of the brain as possible with an iron hook, and what the hook cannot reach is mixed with drugs." Over the next five thousand years, this view came to be reversed; the brain is now known to be the seat of intelligence, although colloquial variations of the former remain as in "memorizing something by heart". | Il est intéressant d'avoir une approche historique des représentations du cerveau. Nous sommes habitués à considérer comme normal qu'un dégât au niveau du cerveau ou du cerveau humain puisse entraîner des troubles au niveau d'autres parties du corps. Mais cette idée n'est pourtant pas si évidente. | [
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Huguenots | Huguenot | Huguenots (,, ) were a religious group of French Protestants. Huguenots were French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term has its origin in early-16th-century France. It was frequently used in reference to those of the Reformed Church of France from the time of the Protestant Reformation. By contrast, the Protestant populations of eastern France, in Alsace, Moselle, and Montbéliard, were mainly German Lutherans. | Les huguenots sont les protestants du royaume de France et du royaume de Navarre pendant les guerres de Religion de la seconde moitié du, au cours desquelles ils ont été – sous ce nom – en conflit avec les catholiques. À partir du, les huguenots sont appelés religionnaires, car les actes royaux ne parlaient pas de protestantisme mais de. | [
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Magallanes Region | Région de Magallanes et de l'Antarctique chilien | The Magallanes Region (), officially the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica Region (), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is the southernmost, largest, and second least populated region of Chile. It comprises four provinces: Última Esperanza, Magallanes, Tierra del Fuego, and Antártica Chilena. | La région de Magallanes et de l'Antarctique chilien (en ) est la région la plus méridionale du Chili. Elle est entourée au nord par la région Aisén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo et à l’est par l'Argentine. | [
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Faroe Islands | Îles Féroé | The Faroe or Faeroe Islands (, ;, ) are a North Atlantic archipelago located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway between Norway and Iceland. It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. The islands have a total area of about with a population of 52,110. | Les Îles Féroé (, ;, ) sont un pays constitutif du Royaume du Danemark, avec le Danemark et le Groenland. Ce territoire est composé de l'archipel subarctique du même nom situé dans l'océan Atlantique nord, non loin de la mer de Norvège que seule l'île de Fugloy baigne par son cap nord-est. Les pointes septentrionales des îles de Streymoy et Eysturoy sont à peu près équidistantes de l'Écosse et de l'Islande. L'archipel a une superficie de et compte en 2020, appelés Féroïens. | [
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San Pedro de Atacama | San Pedro de Atacama | San Pedro de Atacama is a Chilean town and commune in El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region. It is located east of Antofagasta, some 106 km (60 mi) southeast of Calama and the Chuquicamata copper mine, overlooking the Licancabur volcano. It features a significant archeological museum, the R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum, with a large collection of relics and artifacts from the region. Native ruins nearby now attract increasing numbers of tourists interested in learning about pre-Columbian cultures. | Le village-oasis chilien de San Pedro de Atacama (littéralement « Saint-Pierre-de-l'Atacama ») est situé dans le bassin du salar d'Atacama, sur le haut plateau de la Puna de Atacama, à quelque d'Antofagasta, en plein désert d'Atacama, dans la deuxième région, dans le nord du Chili. Sauf en période de crue, les rivières Puritama et Purificada s’assèchent à proximité du village. Le tropique du Capricorne passe à quelques dizaines de kilomètres au sud du village. Le village est dominé par le volcan du Licancabur ( d'altitude) et par le volcan de Sairecabur ( d'altitude). Ces deux volcans sont situés à une trentaine de kilomètres à l'est du village. | [
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Lords and Ladies (novel) | Nobliaux et Sorcières | Lords and Ladies is a fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, the fourteenth "Discworld" book. It was originally published in 1992. Some parts of the storyline spoof elements of Shakespeare's play "A Midsummer Night's Dream". | Nobliaux et Sorcières est le quatorzième livre des "Annales du Disque-monde" de l'écrivain anglais Terry Pratchett et traduit en français par Patrick Couton. Il fut publié en 1999. | [
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Leclerc tank | Char Leclerc | The Leclerc tank (French: ) is a main battle tank (MBT) built by GIAT, now Nexter of France. It was named in honour of General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, who led the French element of the drive towards Paris while in command of the Free French 2nd Armoured Division ("2e DB") in World War II. The designation AMX-56 – while very popular – is incorrect. | Le char Leclerc est un char de combat français de troisième génération, fabriqué à l'arsenal de Roanne par Nexter jusqu'en juillet 2008. Il a été nommé en l'honneur du maréchal Leclerc. | [
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Wellington | Wellington | Wellington ( ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island, and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region, which also includes the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa. It is the world's southernmost capital of a sovereign state. Wellington features a temperate maritime climate, and is the world's windiest city by average wind speed. | Wellington ( "" ) est la capitale de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Deuxième ville la plus peuplée du pays après Auckland avec 412 000 habitants en 2017, elle est située à l'extrémité sud de l'île du Nord, dans la région de Wellington. Cette situation en fait la capitale la plus australe au monde depuis 1865 et l'obtention de son statut. L'aire urbaine de Wellington s'étend au-delà des frontières de son administration territoriale. Le Grand Wellington ou la région de Wellington comprend toute l'aire urbaine ainsi que les villes, les régions rurales, la côte Kapiti, la chaîne des monts Remutaka et la Wairarapa. | [
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Normande | Normande | The Normande is a breed of dairy cattle from the Normandy region of north-west France. It is raised principally for its milk, which is high in fat and suitable for making butter and cheese, but also for its meat, which is marbled and good-flavoured. It is a world breed: it has been exported to many countries and is present on all continents. | La normande est une race bovine française originaire de Normandie. C'est une vache de taille moyenne, qui a une robe caractéristique, blanche avec plus ou moins de taches brunes ou bringées (presque noire). Elle a la réputation d'être une race mixte, qui produit une viande de qualité et dont le lait est particulièrement bien adapté à la transformation fromagère, du fait de ses forts taux butyreux et protéiques, et de la nature des caséines qu'il contient. | [
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Igor Stravinsky | Igor Stravinsky | Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (; ; 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century. | Igor Fiodorovitch Stravinsky (en ), né le à Oranienbaum en Russie et mort le à New York aux États-Unis, est un compositeur, chef d'orchestre et pianiste russe (naturalisé français en 1934, puis américain en 1945) de musique moderne, considéré comme l'un des compositeurs les plus influents du. | [
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Paul Klee | Paul Klee | Paul Klee (; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively; his lectures "Writings on Form and Design Theory" ("Schriften zur Form und Gestaltungslehre"), published in English as the "Paul Klee Notebooks", are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's "A Treatise on Painting" for the Renaissance. He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture in Germany. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality. | Paul Klee (prononcer ), est un peintre d'origine allemande, mais d'identité culturelle suisse, né le à Münchenbuchsee (près de Berne en Suisse) et mort le à Locarno (canton du Tessin en Suisse). | [
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Hemeprotein | Hémoprotéine | A hemeprotein (or haemprotein; also hemoprotein or haemoprotein), or heme protein, is a protein that contains a heme prosthetic group. They are very large class of metalloproteins. The heme group confers functionality, which can include oxygen carrying, oxygen reduction, electron transfer, and other processes. Heme is bound to the protein either covalently or noncovalently or both. | Une hémoprotéine (également appelée protéine à hème) est une protéine qui contient un groupe hème comme cofacteur. Les hémoprotéines constituent une large classe appartenant aux métalloprotéines. Le groupe hème leur confère une fonctionnalité, qui peut inclure le transport d'oxygène, la réduction de l'oxygène, le transfert d'électrons ainsi que d'autres processus. L'hème est liée à la protéine soit de façon covalente soit non covalente, ou bien les deux. | [
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