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Burseraceae | Burseraceae | The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also known as the torchwood family, the frankincense and myrrh family, or simply the incense tree family. The family includes both trees and shrubs, and is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. | La famille des Burséracées regroupe des plantes dicotylédones. Selon Watson & Dallwitz elle comprend 500 espèces réparties en 17 genres. | [
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NationStates | NationStates | NationStates (formerly " Jennifer Government: NationStates") is a multiplayer government simulation browser game. It was created by Max Barry and was publicly released on 13 November 2002, based loosely on his novel "Jennifer Government". Barry founded the site as an independent vehicle publicising the book one week before its release. The site continues to promote books written by Barry, but has developed to be a sizeable online community, with over 6.5 million user-created nations having been founded, around 248,000 of which are active. | NationStates est un jeu vidéo de simulation gouvernementale en ligne créé par l'écrivain australien Max Barry, sur le thème de la gestion d'une nation (principalement jeu de rôle seul avec l'ordinateur) et de ses relations avec les autres (principalement jeu de rôle en groupe par l'imagination). | [
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Retinol | Rétinol | Retinol, also known as vitamin A, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency, especially that which results in xerophthalmia. In regions where deficiency is common, a single large dose is recommended to those at high risk a couple of times a year. It is also used to reduce the risk of complications in those who have measles. It is used by mouth or injection into a muscle. Retinol at normal doses is well tolerated. High doses may result in an enlarged liver, dry skin, or hypervitaminosis A. High doses during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Retinol is in the vitamin A family. It is converted in the body to retinal and retinoic acid through which it acts. Dietary sources include fish, dairy products, and meat. Retinol was discovered in 1909, isolated in 1931, and first made in 1947. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Retinol is available as a generic medication and over the counter. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.02–0.30 per 50,000 units. In the United States it is not very expensive. | Le rétinol est l'une des trois formes disponibles de la vitamine A, avec le rétinal et l'acide rétinoïque. Il fait partie de la classe des rétinoïdes de première génération. Le rétinol est hydrophobe. Il peut être synthétisé à partir de l'isoprène. | [
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Polar bear | Ours blanc | The polar bear ("Ursus maritimus") is a hypercarnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is a large bear, approximately the same size as the omnivorous Kodiak bear ("Ursus arctos middendorffi"). A boar (adult male) weighs around, while a sow (adult female) is about half that size. Polar bears are the largest land carnivores currently in existence, rivaled only by the Kodiak bear. Although it is the sister species of the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice and open water, and for hunting seals, which make up most of its diet. Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time on the sea ice. Their scientific name means "maritime bear" and derives from this fact. Polar bears hunt their preferred food of seals from the edge of sea ice, often living off fat reserves when no sea ice is present. Because of their dependence on the sea ice, polar bears are classified as marine mammals. | L'ours blanc (Ursus maritimus), aussi connu sous le nom d'ours polaire, est un grand mammifère omnivore (à prédominance carnivore) originaire des régions arctiques. C'est, avec l'ours kodiak et l'éléphant de mer, l'un des plus grands carnivores terrestres et il figure au sommet de sa pyramide alimentaire. | [
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Sean Connery | Sean Connery | Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born 25 August 1930) is a Scottish retired actor and producer, who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards (one being a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award), and three Golden Globes, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award and a Henrietta Award. | Sir Sean Connery, de son vrai nom Thomas Sean Madingo Connery, né le à Édimbourg en (Écosse), est un acteur et producteur britannique. | [
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Arcadius | Flavius Arcadius | Arcadius (Flavius Arcadius Augustus; ; 1 January 377 – 1 May 408) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 395 to 408. He was the eldest son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Western Emperor Honorius. A weak ruler, his reign was dominated by a series of powerful ministers and by his wife, Aelia Eudoxia. | Flavius Arcadius (en latin : "Flavius Arcadius Augustus") (377-408) est un empereur romain d'Orient souvent considéré comme le premier empereur byzantin (395-408). | [
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Vitamin A | Vitamine A | Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene). Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system, and for good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells. | La vitamine A est une vitamine liposoluble. Dans l'organisme, elle existe sous forme de rétinol, de rétinal, d'acide rétinoïque (trétinoïne) et de phosphate de rétinyle. Ces molécules sont altérées par l'oxygène de l'air, altérations accélérées par la lumière et la chaleur. | [
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Brown bear | Ours brun | The brown bear ("Ursus arctos") is a bear species found across Eurasia and North America. In North America, the populations of brown bears are called grizzly bears. It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in size only by its closest relative, the polar bear ("Ursus maritimus"), which is much less variable in size and slightly bigger on average. The brown bear's range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States, Hokkaido, Scandinavia, the Balkans, the Picos de Europa and the Carpathian region, especially Romania, Bulgaria, Iran, Anatolia and the Caucasus. The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries. | L’<dfn>ours brun</dfn> (<dfn>""</dfn>) est une espèce d’ours qui peut atteindre des masses de 130 à. Le grizzli, l’ours kodiak et l’ours brun mexicain sont des sous-espèces nord-américaines de l’ours brun, l'Ours brun d'Europe la principale sous-espèce eurasienne avec de multiples autres sous-espèces comme l'Ours Isabelle. | [
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Steam engine | Machine à vapeur | A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force is transformed, by a connecting rod and flywheel, into rotational force for work. The term "steam engine" is generally applied only to reciprocating engines as just described, not to the steam turbine. | La machine à vapeur est une invention dont les évolutions les plus significatives datent du. C'est un moteur à combustion externe qui transforme l'énergie thermique de la vapeur d'eau (produite par une ou des chaudières) en énergie mécanique. | [
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Bordigism | Bordiguisme | Bordigism is a variant of left communism espoused by Marxist Amadeo Bordiga, who was a founder of the Communist Party of Italy and a prominent figure in the International Communist Party. Bordigists in the Italian Socialist Party would be the first to refuse on principle any participation in parliamentary elections. | Le bordiguisme est un courant politique habituellement classé à l’ultra-gauche et se réclamant de l’interprétation du marxisme développé par Amadeo Bordiga. | [
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Michael Crichton | Michael Crichton | John Michael Crichton (; October 23, 1942 – November 4, 2008) was an American author and filmmaker. His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide, and over a dozen have been adapted into films. His literary works are usually within the science fiction, techno-thriller, and medical fiction genres, and heavily feature technology. His novels often explore that technology and failures of human interaction with it, especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology. Many of his novels have medical or scientific underpinnings, reflecting his medical training and scientific background. | Michael Crichton, né le à Chicago et mort le à Los Angeles, est un écrivain américain de science-fiction, scénariste et producteur de films. Auteur de nombreux romans et nouvelles à succès comme "Jurassic Park", "Sphère" ou encore "État d'urgence", il est souvent considéré comme étant l'un des pionniers du techno-thriller. Il a au cours de sa carrière utilisé les pseudonymes de Jeffery Hudson et John Lange. | [
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Return to Castle Wolfenstein | Return to Castle Wolfenstein | Return to Castle Wolfenstein is a first-person shooter video game published by Activision, released on November 19, 2001 for Microsoft Windows and subsequently for PlayStation 2, Xbox, Linux and Macintosh. The game serves as both a remake and a reboot to the "Wolfenstein" series. It was developed by Gray Matter Interactive and Nerve Software developed its multiplayer mode. id Software, the creators of "Wolfenstein 3D", oversaw the development and were credited as executive producers. The multiplayer side eventually became the most popular part of the game, and was influential in the genre. Splash Damage created some of the maps for the Game of the Year edition. A sequel, titled "Wolfenstein", was released on August 18, 2009. | En juin 2003 sont sorties deux versions console du jeu sur PlayStation 2 et Xbox et nommées respectivement et. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Calochortus | Calochortus | Calochortus is a genus of North American plants in the lily family. The group includes herbaceous, perennial and bulbous species, all native to North America (primarily the Western United States). | Calochortus est un genre d'environ 60 espèces de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des "Liliaceae". Ce sont des plantes herbacées élancées des régions tempérées d'Amérique du Nord et d'Amérique centrale. Dans la classification de Dahlgren, ce genre est élevé au rang de famille, les "Calochortaceae". Toutefois, cette famille n'existe ni dans la classification classique (1981) ni dans la. Ces classifications placent le genre "Calochortus" dans les "Liliaceae". | [
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Marcian | Marcien | Marcian (; ; ; 392 – 26 January 457) was the Eastern Roman Emperor from 450 to 457. Very little of his life before becoming emperor is known, other than that he was a (personal assistant) who served under the commanders Ardabur and his son Aspar for fifteen years. After the death of Emperor Theodosius II on 28 July 450, Marcian was made a candidate for the throne by Aspar, who held much influence because of his military power. After a month of negotiations Pulcheria, Theodosius' sister, agreed to marry Marcian. Flavius Zeno, a military leader whose influence was similar to Aspar's, may have been involved in these negotiations, as he was given the high-ranking court title of upon Marcian's accession. Marcian was elected and inaugurated on 25 August 450. | Marcien (en latin : "Flavius Marcianus Augustus"), né en Thrace ou en Illyrie en 392 ou en 396 et mort en janvier 457, est un empereur byzantin de 450 à 457. Ses origines sont assez mal connues. Son père est militaire et, très jeune, perpétuant la tradition familiale, Marcien s'engage dans l'armée. C'est le dernier empereur dit « Théodosien ». | [
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Bear | Ursidae | Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, small rounded ears, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails. | Les ours forment la famille de mammifères des ursidés (), de l'ordre des carnivores ("Carnivora"). Le Grand panda, dont la classification a longtemps prêté à débat, est aujourd'hui considéré comme un ours herbivore au sein de cette famille. Il n'existe que huit espèces d'ours vivantes réparties dans une grande variété d'habitats, à la fois dans l'hémisphère Nord et dans une partie de l'hémisphère Sud. Les ours vivent sur les continents d'Europe, d'Amérique du Nord, d'Amérique du Sud, et en Asie. | [
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Eugène Atget | Eugène Atget | Eugène Atget (; 12 February 1857 – 4 August 1927) was a French "flâneur" and a pioneer of documentary photography, noted for his determination to document all of the architecture and street scenes of Paris before their disappearance to modernization. Most of his photographs were first published by Berenice Abbott after his death. Though he sold his work to artists and craftspeople, and became an inspiration for the surrealists, he did not live to see the wide acclaim his work would eventually receive. | Jean Eugène Auguste Atget, né le à Libourne et mort le à Paris, est un photographe français. Il est principalement connu pour ses photographies documentaires sur le Paris de la fin du. | [
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Theodosius I | Théodose Ier | Theodosius I (Flavius Theodosius Augustus; ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was a Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the Empire. His resources were not sufficient to destroy them or drive them out, which had been Roman policy for centuries in dealing with invaders. By treaty, which followed his indecisive victory at the end of the Gothic War, they were established as "foederati", autonomous allies of the Empire, south of the Danube, in Illyricum, within the Empire's borders. They were given lands and allowed to remain under their own leaders, a grave departure from Roman hegemonic ways. This turn away from traditional policies was accommodationist and had enormous consequences for the Western Empire from the beginning of the fifth century, as the Romans found themselves with the impossible task of defending the borders and dealing with unruly federates within. Theodosius I was obliged to fight two destructive civil wars, successively defeating the usurpers Magnus Maximus in 387–388 and Eugenius in 394, though not without material cost to the power of the Empire. | Théodose (en latin : "Flavius Theodosius Augustus"), également nommé Théodose le Grand (en latin : "Theodosius Magnus"), est un empereur romain. Né en 347, il règne de 379 jusqu'à sa mort le. C'est le dernier empereur à régner sur l'Empire romain unifié, de sa victoire sur Eugène le à sa mort le. Il est fêté le 17 janvier en tant que saint des Églises chrétiennes. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Calyceraceae | Calyceraceae | Calyceraceae is a plant family in the order Asterales. The natural distribution of the about sixty species belonging to this family is restricted to the southern half of South-America. The species of the family resemble both the family Asteraceae and the Dipsacaceae. | La famille des Calyceraceae regroupe des plantes dicotylédones ; elle comprend 40 espèces réparties en 5 à 6 genres Ce sont des plantes herbacées, annuelles ou pérennes, des régions tempérées à sub-tropicales d'Amérique du Sud. | [
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Far-left politics | Extrême gauche | Far-left politics are politics further to the left of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. There are different definitions of the far-left. In certain instances, the term "far-left" or "radical left" has been associated with forms of anarchism, autonomism and communism. Groups that advocate for revolutionary anti-capitalism and anti-globalization have been characterized as "far-left". | Le terme extrême gauche est employé pour classer des individus, des groupes, des mouvements, des organisations et des partis politiques historiquement les plus à gauche du spectre politique même s'il n'existe pas de définition qui puisse réellement circonscrire l'extrême gauche en termes de valeurs ou d'organisations. | [
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Un oso rojo | L'Ours rouge | Un oso rojo ("Red Bear" or "A Red Bear") is a 2002 Argentine, Spanish, and French drama film, directed by Israel Adrián Caetano. | L'Ours rouge (titre original : "Un oso rojo") est un film argentin réalisé par Israel Adrián Caetano et sorti en 2002. | [
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The Clan of the Cave Bear (film) | Le Clan de la caverne des ours | The Clan of the Cave Bear is a 1986 American adventure film directed by Michael Chapman and based on book of the same name by Jean M. Auel. The film stars Daryl Hannah, Pamela Reed, James Remar, and Thomas G. Waites. | Le Clan de la caverne des ours ("The Clan of the Cave Bear") est un film américain réalisé par Michael Chapman, sorti en 1986 et tiré du roman "Le Clan de l'Ours des Cavernes" de Jean Auel. Daryl Hannah y joue le rôle principal. Dans le roman d'Auel, les personnages parlaient en langage des signes (retranscrit en anglais dans le livre). Dans le film, ils utilisent leur propre langage et le dialogue est traduit en sous-titres. | [
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The Bear (1988 film) | L'Ours (film, 1988) | The Bear is a 1988 French adventure drama family film directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and released by TriStar Pictures. Adapted from the novel "The Grizzly King" (1916) by American author James Oliver Curwood, the screenplay was written by Gérard Brach. Set in British Columbia, Canada, the film tells the story of a young orphaned bear cub who befriends an adult male grizzly as two trophy hunters pursue them through the wild. | L'Ours est un film français réalisé par Jean-Jacques Annaud, sorti en 1988. C'est une adaptation du célèbre roman de l'écrivain américain James Oliver Curwood "Le Grizzly" ("The Grizzly King"), publié en 1916 et souvent réédité depuis. Le film est un succès en France avec plus de 9 millions d'entrées. | [
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Anastasius I Dicorus | Anastase Ier (empereur byzantin) | Anastasius I (; ; 9 July 518) was Byzantine Emperor from 491 to 518. He made his career as a government administrator. He came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His religious tendencies caused tensions throughout his reign. Because his name is distinctly and unmistakably Christian (Anastasius means'resurrection' in Greek), it indicates that he was born and raised a Christian, in contrast to previous Christian Emperors, most notably Constantine I, who were converts. | Anastase (latin : "Flavius Anastasius Augustus" et ), né à Dyrrachium (aujourd'hui Durrës) en Épire vers 430 et mort à Constantinople le, est un empereur byzantin de 491 à sa mort en 518. | [
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Formic acid | Acide méthanoïque | Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH. The chemical composition is HCOOH. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. The word "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, "formica", referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from methanol. | L'acide méthanoïque (appelé aussi acide formique) est le plus simple des acides carboxyliques. Sa formule chimique est CHO ou HCOOH. Sa base conjuguée est l'ion méthanoate (formiate) de formule HCOO. Il s'agit d'un acide faible qui se présente sous forme de liquide incolore à odeur pénétrante. | [
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Butyric acid | Acide butanoïque | Butyric acid (from, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CHCHCHCOH. Classified as a carboxylic acid, it is an oily, colorless liquid that is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical. | L'acide butanoïque, aussi appelé acide butyrique du grec βουτυρος (beurre), est un acide carboxylique saturé de formule CHCHCH-COOH On le trouve par exemple dans le beurre rance, le parmesan, et le contenu gastrique, où il dégage une odeur forte et désagréable. L'acide butyrique peut être perçu à partir d'environ selon les sources. | [
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Guadalquivir | Guadalquivir | The Guadalquivir (,,, ) is the fifth longest river in the Iberian Peninsula and the second longest river with its entire length in Spain. The Guadalquivir river is the only great navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable from the Gulf of Cádiz to Seville, but in Roman times it was navigable to Córdoba. | Le Guadalquivir est un fleuve espagnol qui se jette dans l'océan Atlantique à l'ouest du détroit de Gibraltar. Il doit son nom actuel à l'appellation arabe al-wādi al-kabīr (الوادي الكبير), qui signifie la grande vallée (et souvent le grand fleuve en arabe classique). Du temps de la civilisation de Tartessos, il était également appelé Tartessos. À l'époque romaine, il était connu sous le nom de Baetis, ou Betis. | [
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Gwangju | Gwangju | Gwangju () is the sixth-largest city in South Korea. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County in 2005 because Gwangju was promoted to a metropolitan city and was independent of South Jeolla province. | Gwangju (ou Kwangju) est une ville de Corée du Sud, ancienne capitale de la province du Jeolla du Sud. En 2003, elle comptait 1 400 000 habitants. | [
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MV Wilhelm Gustloff | Wilhelm Gustloff (paquebot) | MV "Wilhelm Gustloff" was a German armed military transport ship which was sunk on 30 January 1945 by in the Baltic Sea while evacuating German civilian refugees from East Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland and Estonia and military personnel from Gotenhafen (Gdynia) as the Red Army advanced. By one estimate, 9,400 people died, which makes it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history. | Le Wilhelm Gustloff est un navire de croisière prestigieux de grandes dimensions lancé à Hambourg par la marine allemande le, et qui porte le nom de Wilhelm Gustloff, militant nazi assassiné l'année précédente. Transportant plus d'un millier de soldats et d'officiers allemands ainsi que plusieurs milliers de réfugiés de Prusse-Orientale fuyant la progression de l'Armée rouge, il est torpillé par le sous-marin de la marine soviétique "S-13" le. Son naufrage provoqua la mort d'au moins personnes. L'archiviste allemand, dans une étude publiée en 2002, avance personnes, ce qui en ferait la plus grande catastrophe maritime de tous les temps. | [
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Daegu | Daegu | Daegu (;, literally 'large hill'대구광역시), formerly spelled Taegu and officially known as the Daegu Metropolitan City, is a city in South Korea, the fourth-largest after Seoul, Busan, and Incheon and the third-largest metropolitan area in the nation with over 2.5 million residents. Also, it is the second largest city in the Yeongnam region after Busan. However, it is the fourth city in terms of population after Seoul, Busan and Incheon. It was overtaken by Incheon in the 2000s, but still it is said to be the third city according to the "Act on the Establishment of Daegu City and Incheon City" (Act No. 3424 and April 13, 1981). Daegu and surrounding North Gyeongsang Province are often referred to as Daegu-Gyeongbuk, with a total population over 5 million. | Daegu (en hangeul, tɛɡu, en hanja : 大邱: "large colline", en français vieilli "Taïkou") est une ville de Corée du Sud et le nom d'une division administrative de haut niveau "Daegu Gwangyeoksi" (). | [
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Daejeon | Daejeon | Daejeon () is South Korea's fifth-largest metropolis. Daejeon had a population of over 1.5 million in 2010. Located in the central region of South Korea, Daejeon serves as a hub of transportation and is at the crossroads of major transport routes. The capital Seoul is about 50 minutes away by KTX high-speed train. | Daejeon (en hangeul : 대전 en hanja : 大田: grand champ) ou Taejon est une ville située au centre de la Corée du Sud, légèrement à l'ouest. Elle se trouve à au sud de Séoul. | [
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Brother Bear | Frère des ours | Brother Bear is a 2003 American animated comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 44th Disney animated feature film. In the film, an Inuit boy named Kenai pursues a bear in revenge for a fight that he provoked in which his oldest brother Sitka is killed. He tracks down the bear and kills it, but the Spirits, incensed by this unnecessary death, change Kenai into a bear himself as punishment. In order to be human again, Kenai must travel to a mountain where the Northern lights touch the earth. On his way, Kenai is joined by a bear cub, and learns to see through another's eyes, feel through another's heart, and discovers the true meaning of brotherhood. | Frère des ours ("Brother Bear") est le long-métrage d'animation et le « Classique d'animation » des studios Disney, sorti en 2003. | [
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Trotskyism | Trotskisme | Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by the Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky. Trotsky identified as an orthodox Marxist and Bolshevik–Leninist. He supported founding a vanguard party of the proletariat, proletarian internationalism and a dictatorship of the proletariat based on working class self-emancipation and mass democracy. Trotskyists are critical of Stalinism as they oppose Joseph Stalin's theory of socialism in one country in favor of Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution. Trotskyists also criticize the bureaucracy that developed in the Soviet Union under Stalin. | Le trotskisme est une philosophie politique de type marxiste se réclamant de Léon Trotsky, de ses écrits, de son action et de ses idées. L'expression est d'abord apparue chez les staliniens, pour laisser entendre que les idées défendues par Trotski, dans les années 1920 seraient opposées à celles de Lénine. Après 1924, l'idéologie trotskiste se distingue surtout par son opposition à la vision stalinienne du communisme, en contestant le règne de la bureaucratie (nom donné par Trotski à la nomenklatura) et en prônant la démocratie et la liberté de débat au sein du Parti communiste. | [
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Guadiana | Guadiana | The Guadiana River (,,, ), or Odiana, is an international river defining a long stretch of the Portugal-Spain border, separating Extremadura and Andalucia (Spain) from Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal). The river's basin extends from the eastern portion of Extremadura to the southern provinces of the Algarve; the river and its tributaries flow from east to west, then south through Portugal to the border towns of Vila Real de Santo António (Portugal) and Ayamonte (Spain), where it flows into the Gulf of Cádiz. With a course that covers a distance of, it is the fourth-longest in the Iberian peninsula, and its hydrological basin extends over an area of approximately (the majority of which lies within Spain). | Le Guadiana est un fleuve international de la péninsule Ibérique, qui se jette dans l'océan Atlantique dans le golfe de Cadix. | [
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Ulsan | Ulsan | Ulsan (), officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City, is South Korea's seventh-largest metropolitan city and the eighth-largest city overall, with a population of over 1.1 million inhabitants. It is located in the south-east of the country, neighboring Busan to the south and facing Gyeongju to the north. | Ulsan (en hangul 울산광역시, en hanja 蔚山廣域市) est une ville portuaire située au sud-est de la Corée du Sud sur la mer du Japon (appelée localement la mer de l'Est), à une quarantaine de kilomètres de Busan. La ville compte habitants (2000) et la ville métropolitaine (avec la banlieue) habitants (2005). La ville a le statut de ville métropolitaine depuis le 15 juillet 1997. | [
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Tippi Hedren | Tippi Hedren | Nathalie Kay "Tippi" Hedren (born January 19, 1930) is an American actress, animal rights activist, and former fashion model. A successful fashion model who appeared on the front covers of "Life" and "Glamour" magazines, among others, Hedren became an actress after she was discovered by director Alfred Hitchcock while appearing on a television commercial in 1961. She received world recognition for her work in two of his films: the suspense-thriller "The Birds" (1963), for which she won a Golden Globe, and the psychological drama "Marnie" (1964). She has appeared in over 80 films and television shows, including Charlie Chaplin's final film "A Countess from Hong Kong" (1967), the political satire "Citizen Ruth" (1996), and the existential comedy "I Heart Huckabees" (2004). Among other honors, her contributions to world cinema have been recognized with the Jules Verne Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. | Nathalie Kay Hedren, dite Tippi Hedren, née le à New Ulm au Minnesota, est une actrice américaine et une militante de la cause animale. | [
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La Belle Noiseuse | La Belle Noiseuse | La Belle Noiseuse is a 1991 French drama film directed by Jacques Rivette and starring Michel Piccoli, Jane Birkin, and Emmanuelle Béart. Its title () means "The Beautiful (female) Troublemaker". The film is loosely adapted from the short story ""Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu"" (The Unknown Masterpiece) by Honoré de Balzac and also includes elements from the short stories "The Liar" and "The Figure in the Carpet", and the novella "The Aspern Papers" by Henry James. | La Belle Noiseuse est un film français de Jacques Rivette, sorti en 1991 lors du Festival de Cannes, où il reçoit le Grand Prix du jury, puis le prix Méliès. | [
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Volcanism | Volcanisme | Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, where lava, pyroclastics and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a vent. It includes all phenomena resulting from and causing magma within the crust or mantle of the body, to rise through the crust and form volcanic rocks on the surface. | Le volcanisme comprend l'ensemble des phénomènes naturels liés à l'activité des volcans, notamment aux éruptions volcaniques, ainsi qu'à la présence de magma (matériaux liquides et chauds issus de la fusion d'une roche en profondeur). Il est étudié par une science appelée volcanologie pratiquée par des volcanologues. | [
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Busan | Pusan | Busan (), formerly romanized as Pusan and now officially is South Korea's second-most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants. It is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, with its port—Korea's busiest and the fifth-busiest in the world —only about from the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Honshu. The surrounding "Southeast Economic Zone" (including Ulsan and South Gyeongsang) is South Korea's largest industrial area. | Pusan (, hanja :, romanisation révisée : ; littéralement : Ville métropolitaine de Busan (Busan () signifiant "montagne-chaudron"), orthographiée officiellement Busan, est une ville portuaire très importante de Corée du Sud, qui compte plus de. Historiquement connue sous le nom de « Pusan », cette métropole est désormais officiellement appelée Busan ("Busan Metropolitan City"). C'est la deuxième ville la plus peuplée de Corée du Sud après Séoul. C'est le centre économique, culturel et éducatif du sud-est de la Corée, avec son port le plus important du pays et le le plus important du monde, à environ des îles japonaises de Kyushu et de Honshu. La « Zone économique du Sud-est » (incluant Ulsan et le Gyeongsang du Sud) est maintenant la plus grande zone industrielle de la Corée du Sud. | [
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Bansuri | Bansurî | A bansuri is a side blown flute originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an aerophone produced from bamboo, used in Hindustani classical music. It is referred to as "nadi" and "tunava" in the "Rigveda" and other Vedic texts of Hinduism. Its importance and operation is discussed in the Sanskrit text "Natya Shastra". | Le bansurî est la grande flûte traversière indienne classique et est probablement le plus ancien instrument de musique de l'Inde du nord. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Rayleigh scattering | Diffusion Rayleigh | Rayleigh scattering ( ), named after the nineteenth-century British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the predominantly elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation. For light frequencies well below the resonance frequency of the scattering particle (normal dispersion regime), the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. | La diffusion de Rayleigh est un mode de diffusion des ondes, par exemple électromagnétiques ou sonores, dont la longueur d'onde est beaucoup plus grande que la taille des particules diffusantes. On parle de diffusion élastique, car cela se fait sans variation d'énergie, autrement dit l'onde conserve la même longueur d'onde. | [
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2012 Summer Olympics | Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012 | The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated. | Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012 (Jeux de la de l'ère moderne) ont lieu du 27 juillet au à Londres. La capitale britannique est la première ville à accueillir les Jeux olympiques modernes pour la troisième fois, après ceux de 1908 et de 1948. | [
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Baseband | Bande de base | Baseband is a signal that has a near-zero frequency range, i.e. a spectral magnitude that is nonzero only for frequencies in the vicinity of the origin (termed "f" = 0) and negligible elsewhere. In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband signals are transmitted without modulation, that is, without any shift in the range of frequencies of the signal. Baseband has a low-frequency—contained within the bandwidth frequency close to 0 hertz up to a higher cut-off frequency. Baseband can be synonymous with lowpass or non-modulated, and is differentiated from passband, bandpass, carrier-modulated, intermediate frequency, or radio frequency (RF). | Dans le jargon des télécommunications, le terme de bande de base (ou en anglais baseband) désigne une technique de transmission dans laquelle le signal est envoyé directement sur le canal après Codage en ligne sans passer par un codage canal (sans modulation). | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Mridangam | Mridang | The mridangam is a percussion instrument of ancient origin. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble. | Le mridang est un instrument de musique d’Inde faisant partie des tambours en tonneau à percussions digitales, de forme oblongue, à deux faces. | [
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Fourth International | Quatrième Internationale | The Fourth International (FI) is a revolutionary socialist international organization consisting of followers of Leon Trotsky, also known as Trotskyists, whose declared goal is the overthrowing of global capitalism and the establishment of world socialism via international revolution. The Fourth International was established in France in 1938, as Trotsky and his supporters, having been expelled from the Soviet Union, considered the Third International or Comintern as effectively puppets of Stalinism and thus incapable of leading the international working class to political power. Thus, Trotskyists founded their own competing Fourth International. | La Quatrième Internationale est une organisation communiste (trotskiste) fondée en 1938 en France par Léon Trotsky, à la suite de l'exclusion violente des oppositions communistes de la Internationale, à la répression qui s'est abattue sur les opposants en URSS et face au constat qu'il était impossible de militer dans le mouvement communiste officiel désormais verrouillé par la stalinienne. | [
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Jodhpur | Jodhpur | Jodhpur (; ) is the second-largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan and officially the second metropolitan city of the state. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name. Jodhpur was historically the capital of the Kingdom of Marwar, which is now part of Rajasthan. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples, set in the stark landscape of the Thar Desert. It is popularly known as Blue city and Sun city among people of Rajasthan and all over India. | Jodhpur ( [djodpour], « ville de Jodha ») est l'ancienne capitale du Mârvar et la deuxième ville de l'État indien du Rajasthan en nombre d'habitants, après la capitale de l’État, Jaipur, dont elle est distante de. | [
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Dream On (TV series) | Dream On (série télévisée) | Dream On is an American adult-themed situation comedy about the family life, romantic life, and career of Martin Tupper, a divorced New York City book editor played by Brian Benben. The show distinctively interjected clips from older black-and-white television series to punctuate Tupper's feelings or thoughts. It was created by Marta Kauffman and David Crane, the team who later created the TV show "Friends". It ran for six seasons on HBO between 1990 and 1996. | Dream On est une série télévisée américaine en 120 épisodes de 25 minutes, créée par David Crane et Marta Kauffman et diffusée entre le et le sur le réseau HBO. En France, la série a été diffusée à partir du sur Canal Jimmy. | [
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Uthman | Othmân ibn Affân | Uthman ibn Affan (; 579/583 – 17 June 656), also spelled by the Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was a son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the "Rashidun", or "Rightly Guided Caliphs". Born into a prominent Meccan clan, Banu Umayya of the Quraysh tribe, he played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 59/60 years, Uthman, aged 64/65 years, succeeded him and was the second-oldest to rule as Caliph. | Othman ibn Affan (en, '), également connu en français (par l'intermédiaire du turc et du persan) comme Osman, né en 574 et mort en 656, est le beau-fils et un éminent compagnon de Mahomet, prophète de l'islam, ainsi que le troisième calife bien guidé. Né dans un clan mecquois de premier plan, les Omeyyades de la tribu des Quraych, il joue un rôle majeur dans l’histoire de l'islam et est connu pour avoir commandé la compilation du Coran dans sa forme canonique. À la mort du calife Omar ibn al-Khattâb, âgé de 59 ou 60 ans, Othman, âgé de 64 ou 65 ans, lui succède, étant ainsi le deuxième plus âgé à gouverner comme calife. | [
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Second International | Internationale ouvrière | The Second International (1889–1916) was an organisation of socialist and labour parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at a Paris meeting in which delegations from twenty countries participated. The Second International continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement and trade unions. In 1922 the Second International began to reorganise into the Labour and Socialist International. | L'Internationale ouvrière fut fondée, à l'initiative notamment de Friedrich Engels, par les partis socialistes et ouvriers d'Europe lors du congrès de Paris en juillet 1889 ; elle est aussi connue sous le nom de Deuxième Internationale, ou Internationale socialiste. | [
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Confederación Nacional del Trabajo | Confédération nationale du travail (Espagne) | The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labour unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT). When working with the latter group it was also known as CNT-AIT. Historically, the CNT has also been affiliated with the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (); thus, it has also been referred to as the CNT-FAI. Throughout its history, it has played a major role in the Spanish labor movement. | La Confédération nationale du travail ("Confederación Nacional del Trabajo" ou "CNT") est une organisation anarcho-syndicaliste fondée en 1910 à Barcelone (Catalogne, Espagne). | [
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International Workingmen's Association | Association internationale des travailleurs | The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva. | LAssociation internationale des travailleurs (AIT) est le nom officiel de la Première Internationale, fondée le à Londres au Saint-Martin's Hall. | [
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International Communist Current | Courant communiste international | The International Communist Current (ICC) is a left communist international organisation, headquartered in Paris, France. It was founded in 1975, and has published an international quarterly in English and French from that date. Subsequently, a Spanish edition has also been made available. | Le Courant communiste international (CCI) est une organisation révolutionnaire issue de la Gauche communiste, fondée en 1975 à partir de plusieurs groupes français et internationaux, comme Révolution Internationale créé en 1968 à Toulouse (France), Rivoluzione Internazionale (Italie), Internacionalismo (Venezuela), Internationalism (États-Unis), etc. Le CCI compte aujourd'hui 17 sections territoriales qui s'étendent dans autant de pays. | [
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International Communist Party | Parti communiste international | codice_1 The International Communist Party (ICP) is a left communist international political party which is often described by outside observers as Bordigist due to the contributions by longtime member Amadeo Bordiga. | Le Parti communiste international est une organisation fondée en Italie en 1952 sous le nom de Parti communiste internationaliste. Il représente un courant politique couramment désigné sous l'appellation de Gauche italienne ou de bordiguisme. Il se présente comme une organisation mondiale et centralisée implantée dans plusieurs pays. En pratique, le parti a surtout développé son activité en Italie et en France. | [
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Kodiak bear | Ours kodiak | The Kodiak bear ("Ursus arctos middendorffi"), also known as the Kodiak brown bear, sometimes the "Alaskan brown bear", inhabits the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in southwest Alaska. It is the largest recognized subspecies or population of the brown bear, and one of the two largest bears alive today, the other being the polar bear. | L'ours kodiak (Ursus arctos middendorffi) est une sous-espèce de l'ours brun habitant les îles de l'archipel Kodiak en Alaska. Il est généralement considéré, avec l’ours blanc, comme le plus grand des ours et le plus grand des carnivores terrestres. La longévité de l'ours kodiak est estimée à environ 20 ans, mais elle peut atteindre 30 ans. | [
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Fame (1982 TV series) | Fame (série télévisée) | Fame is an American television series originally produced between January 7, 1982 and May 18, 1987, by Eilenna Productions in association with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television and sponsored by Yamaha musical instruments, which are prominently showcased in the episodes. The show is based on the 1980 motion picture of the same name. Using a mixture of drama and music, it followed the lives of the students and faculty at the New York City High School for the Performing Arts—a fictional establishment, but based heavily on the actual Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts. Most interior scenes were filmed in Hollywood, California. In all seasons except the third, the show filmed several exterior scenes on location in New York City. | En France, la saison 1 a été diffusée du au sur TF1. Les saisons 2 et 3 à partir du, puis dans "La Une est à vous" du au sur TF1. Rediffusion, puis diffusion des saisons 4 à 6 inédites du au sur Série Club. Puis rediffusion des saisons 1 à 3, du au et des saisons 4 et 5 (épisode 19), du au ; saison 5 (épisode 20) et saison 6 du au sur France 3. Puis sur France 4, Direct 8 et Jimmy. Au Québec, la série a été diffusée dans les années 1980 sur le réseau TVA et rediffusée dans les années 2000 sur MusiMax. | [
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Care Bears | Bisounours | The Care Bears are a fictional group of multi-colored bear characters, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings. The characters were turned into plush teddy bears in 1983, and soon after appeared in the TV specials "The Care Bears in the Land Without Feelings" and "The Care Bears Battle the Freeze Machine". | Les Bisounours, ou les Calinours au Québec, "the Care Bears" en anglais, sont une ligne américaine de jouets en peluche populaires dans les années 1980, commercialisée dans le monde par la société Kenner. Plus de 40 millions de ces ours, faits avec toute une gamme de couleurs, ont été vendus entre 1983 et 1987. Un nom, un symbole et un emploi ont été attachés à chaque ours. Par exemple, « Grosdodo » aide des enfants à dormir et il a un croissant de lune sur son estomac. | [
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Internationalist Communist Organisation | Organisation communiste internationaliste | The Internationalist Communist Organisation (, OCI) was a Trotskyist political party in France. Its successor is the Internationalist Communist Current of the Workers Party. | L'Organisation communiste internationaliste (ou OCI) est une organisation trotskiste française fondée en 1965 à partir d'une ancienne scission (1952) du Parti communiste internationaliste que dirigeait Pierre Boussel, dit « Lambert ». Dans les années 1970, elle compte jusqu'à membres. | [
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Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell | Robert Baden-Powell | Lieutenant General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( ; 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941), was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work "Scouting for Boys", which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement. | Lord Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell of Gilwell (, Paddington, Londres, Royaume-Uni – Nyeri, Kenya) est un militaire britannique, fondateur du scoutisme. | [
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Amadeo Bordiga | Amadeo Bordiga | Amadeo Bordiga (13 June 1889 – 23 July 1970) was an Italian Marxist, a contributor to communist theory, the founder of the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I), a leader of the Communist International (Comintern) and later a leading figure of the International Communist Party. Bordiga was originally associated with the PCd'I, but he was expelled in 1930 after being accused of Trotskyism. | Amadeo Bordiga (né le à Resina (aujourd'hui "Ercolano"), dans la province de Naples en Campanie, Italie – mort le à Formia, dans la province de Latina dans le Latium) est un dirigeant révolutionnaire et théoricien marxiste italien du. Il fut l’un des fondateurs du Parti communiste d'Italie. Après son exclusion de l'Internationale communiste, il anime différents partis communistes opposés à la ligne stalinienne. Le courant se réclamant de ses idées est connu sous le nom de bordiguisme. | [
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Tragedy | Tragédie | Tragedy (from the, "tragōidia") is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term "tragedy" often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity—"the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity," as Raymond Williams puts it. | La tragédie est un genre théâtral dont l’origine remonte au théâtre grec antique. Contrairement à la comédie, elle met en scène des personnages de rangs élevés et se dénoue très souvent par la mort d’un ou de plusieurs personnages. | [
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Rolling-element bearing | Roulement mécanique | A rolling-element bearing, also known as a rolling bearing, is a bearing which carries a load by placing rolling elements (such as balls or rollers) between two bearing rings called races. The relative motion of the races causes the rolling elements to roll with very little rolling resistance and with little sliding. | En mécanique, un roulement est un dispositif destiné à guider un assemblage en rotation, c'est-à-dire à permettre à une pièce de tourner par rapport à une autre selon un axe de rotation défini. Le roulement est donc un palier. Par rapport aux paliers lisses, le roulement permet d'avoir une très faible résistance au pivotement tout en supportant des efforts importants. Nous pouvons en trouver dans les machines à café, les skateboards, les trottinettes, les voitures... | [
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Social democracy | Social-démocratie | Social democracy is a political, social and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy. The protocols and norms used to accomplish this involve a commitment to representative and participatory democracy, measures for income redistribution, regulation of the economy in the general interest and social-welfare provisions. Due to longstanding governance by social-democratic parties during the post-war consensus and their influence on socioeconomic policy in Northern and Western Europe, social democracy became associated with Keynesianism, the Nordic model, the social-liberal paradigm and welfare states within political circles in the late 20th century. It has been described as the most common form of Western or modern socialism as well as the reformist wing of democratic socialism. | Le terme de social-démocratie désigne un courant politique et économique, apparu au, qui tend à incorporer certains éléments du socialisme dans une économie capitaliste et libérale. L'expression recouvre à la fois la dénomination employée par divers partis socialistes, la forme d'organisation de ceux-ci, un courant idéologique et une pratique politique. | [
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Microbiology | Microbiologie | Microbiology (from Greek, "mīkros", "small";, "bios", "life"; and, "-logia") is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology and parasitology. | La microbiologie est un domaine des sciences appliquées qui a pour objet les micro-organismes et les activités qui les caractérisent. Plus spécifiquement, la microbiologie se consacre à l'identification et à la caractérisation des micro-organismes ; à l'étude de leur origine et de leur évolution ; à définir leurs caractéristiques, les produits de leurs activités et leurs besoins ; et à comprendre les relations qu’ils entretiennent entre eux et avec leur milieu naturel ou artificiel. | [
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Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series) | Inspecteur Gadget (série télévisée d'animation, 1983) | Inspector Gadget is a science fiction comedy animated series co-created by Bruno Bianchi, Andy Heyward, and DIC's founder Jean Chalopin, and was originally syndicated by DIC Audiovisuel and Lexington Broadcast Services Company. The series stars the voice of Don Adams as the titular character, and first premiered on September 12, 1983. It is the first cartoon show to be syndicated by DIC, who specifically created the series to help expand into the North American market, and the first animated series to be presented in stereo sound. The program originally ran from 1983 to 1986, broadcasting 86 episodes over two seasons, and remained in syndication into the late 1990s. The show revolves around the adventures of a clumsy, dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget – a cyborg human with various bionic gadgets built into his body – who is sent on missions to thwart plans by his nemesis Dr. Claw, the leader of an evil organization known as "M.A.D.", unknowingly being assisted by his niece Penny and their dog, Brain. | Inspecteur Gadget ("") est une série télévisée d'animation en 86 épisodes de 22 minutes créée en 1983 par Bruno Bianchi, et Jean Chalopin. | [
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Mudéjar | Mudéjar | Mudéjar (,,, ; ; ) refers to the group of Muslims who remained in Iberia in the late medieval period despite the Christian reconquest. It is also a term for Mudejar art, which was much influenced by Islamic art, but largely produced by Christian craftsmen for Christian patrons. | Le mot mudéjar vient de l’arabe ("mudaʒʒan", « domestique », « domestiqué »), qui donna, par altération en espagnol, "mudéjar". C'est le nom donné aux musulmans d’Espagne devenus sujets des royaumes chrétiens après le, pendant la période de tolérance. | [
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Anarchist Federation (France) | Fédération anarchiste (francophone) | Fédération Anarchiste (Anarchist Federation) is an anarchist federation in France, Belgium and Switzerland. It is a member of the International of Anarchist Federations since its establishment in 1968. | La Fédération anarchiste (FA) est une organisation anarchiste synthétiste francophone fondée en 1953. Son but proclamé est la construction d'. | [
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Khadija bint Khuwaylid | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (, ', born AD 555 – 22 November AD 619), commonly known as Khadija, was the first wife and first female follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Khadijah was the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a leader of Quraysh tribe in Mecca, and a successful businesswoman in her own right. | Khadija ou Khadidja bint Khuwaylid () (Entre 555 et 560-619 à La Mecque) est la première épouse du prophète de l'islam Mahomet. Elle est considérée dans l’islam comme « la mère des croyants », tout comme les autres femmes du prophète de l'islam. | [
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Dumfries and Galloway | Dumfries and Galloway | Dumfries and Galloway (; ) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland and is located in the western Southern Uplands. It comprises the historic counties of Dumfriesshire, Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and Wigtownshire, the latter two of which are collectively known as Galloway. The administrative centre is the town of Dumfries. | Le Dumfries and Galloway est une council area et une ancienne région d'Écosse, qui couvre la partie ouest des "Southern Uplands", dans le sud de l'Écosse, avec pour siège la ville de Dumfries. C'est une région de collines et de prairies avec des exploitations agricoles rentables. | [
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Jan Hus | Jan Hus | Jan Hus (; ; – 6 July 1415), sometimes anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as "Iohannes Hus" or "Johannes Huss", was a Czech theologian and philosopher who became a church reformer and an inspirer of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation. After John Wycliffe, the theorist of ecclesiastical reform, Hus is considered the second church reformer, as he lived before Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. His teachings had a strong influence on the states of Western Europe, most immediately in the approval of a reformed Bohemian religious denomination, and, over a century later, on Martin Luther. Hus was a master, dean, and rector at the Charles University in Prague. | Jan Hus ou Jean Huss, né en 1372 à Husinec (dans le sud de la Bohême) et mort supplicié en 1415 à Constance, est un théologien, universitaire et réformateur religieux tchèque des. | [
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Mozarabs | Mozarabe | The Mozarabs ( ; ; ; from ) are, in modern historical terms, the Iberian Christians who lived under Moorish rule in Al-Andalus. Although their descendants remained unconverted to Islam, they were mostly fluent in Arabic and adopted elements of Arabic culture. The local Romance vernaculars, heavily permeated by Arabic, spoken by Christians and Muslim alike has also come to be known as Mozarabic language. Mozarabs were mostly Roman Catholics of the Visigothic or Mozarabic Rite. | Mozarabe (de l’arabe "musta’rib",, qui signifie « arabisé ») est le nom donné dans le monde latin aux chrétiens de langue arabe, notamment vivant sur le territoire d'Al-Andalus. | [
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Galatians (people) | Galates | The Galatians (; ; ) were a Gallic (Celtic) people of the Hellenistic period that dwelt mainly in the north central regions of Asia Minor or Anatolia, in what was known as Galatia, in today's Turkey. In their origin they were a part of the great migration which invaded Macedon, led by Brennus. The originals who settled in Galatia came through Thrace under the leadership of Leotarios and Leonnorios c. 278 BC. They consisted mainly of three tribes, the Tectosages, the Trocmii, and the Tolistobogii, but there were also other minor tribes. They spoke a Celtic language, the Galatian language, which is sparsely attested. | Les Galates (appelés aussi "Gallogræci", « Gallo-Grecs ») sont des peuples celtes qui, dans l’Antiquité, ont migré dans le centre de l’Asie Mineure, région nommée d’après eux Galatie. | [
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Moray | Moray (Écosse) | Moray ( ; or ""; ; ) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. | Le Moray est une région de lieutenance d'Écosse située à l'est des Highlands, basée sur l'ancien comté de Moray ou Morayshire. D'une superficie de 2237 km2, elle comptait environ habitants en 1996. Sa ville principale est Elgin. | [
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Robert Burns | Robert Burns | Robert Burns (25 January 175921 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, the National Bard, Bard of Ayrshire and the Ploughman Poet and various other names and epithets, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest. | Robert Burns né le à Alloway (maintenant Ayr), Ayrshire, et mort le à Dumfries (Dumfries and Galloway). Il est également appelé "Rabbie, ou Robbie, Burns" et surnommé « "Scotland's favourite son" » (le « fils préféré de l'Écosse »), « "the Bard of Ayrshire" » (« le barde de l'Ayrshire ») ou, tout simplement, « "the Bard" ») est un poète écossais, symbole de l'Écosse. | [
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Ninja | Ninja | A or was a covert agent or mercenary in feudal Japan. The functions of a ninja included espionage, deception, and surprise attacks. Their covert methods of waging irregular warfare were deemed dishonorable and beneath the honor of the samurai. Though "shinobi" proper, as specially trained spies and mercenaries, appeared in the 15th century during the Sengoku period, antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century. | Les fonctions du ninja comprenaient l'espionnage, le sabotage, l'infiltration, l'assassinat et la guérilla. Leurs méthodes cachées de guerre non conventionnelles ont été jugées déshonorantes pour la caste de samouraï qui observe des règles strictes concernant l'honneur et le combat mais, pour autant, les samouraïs achetaient leur service contre leurs rivaux. Le "shinobi" proprement dit, un groupe spécialement formé d'espions et de mercenaires, est apparu au pendant la période de Sengoku, mais des antécédents peuvent exister au et peut-être au (Heian ou début de l'ère Kamakura). | [
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John Wycliffe | John Wyclif | John Wycliffe (; also spelled "Wyclif", "Wycliff", "Wiclef", "Wicliffe", "Wickliffe"; c. 1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, biblical translator, reformer, priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford. He became an influential dissident within the Roman Catholic priesthood during the 14th century and is considered an important predecessor to Protestantism. | John Wyclif (ou "Wycliff", "Wycliffe", ou encore "Jean de Wiclef") (v. 1330-1384) est un théologien anglais et précurseur de la Réforme anglaise, et plus généralement de la Réforme protestante. Il est appelé « l'étoile du matin de la Réforme ». | [
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Tulip mania | Tulipomanie | Tulip mania (Dutch: "tulpenmanie") was a period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637. It is generally considered the first recorded speculative bubble. In many ways, the tulip mania was more of a hitherto unknown socio-economic phenomenon than a significant economic crisis. Historically, it had no critical influence on the prosperity of the Dutch Republic, the world's leading economic and financial power in the 17th century. Also, from about 1600 to 1720 the Dutch had the highest per capita income in the world. The term "tulip mania" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values. | La tulipomanie (' en néerlandais,'en anglais), est le nom donné au soudain engouement pour les tulipes dans le nord des Provinces-Unies au milieu du, qui entraîna l'augmentation démesurée puis l'effondrement des cours du bulbe de tulipe : ce qu’on appelle la « crise de la tulipe » en histoire économique. Au plus fort de la tulipomanie, en février 1637, des promesses de vente pour un bulbe se négociaient pour un montant égal à dix fois le salaire annuel d’un artisan spécialisé. Certains historiens ont qualifié cette crise de « première bulle spéculative » de l’histoire. Elle est restée dans les mémoires, tout au long de l'Histoire des bourses de valeurs. | [
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The Offspring | The Offspring | The Offspring is an American punk rock band from Garden Grove, California, formed in 1984. Originally formed under the name Manic Subsidal, the band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Bryan "Dexter" Holland, bassist Todd Morse, guitarist Kevin "Noodles" Wasserman and drummer Pete Parada. Over the course of their -year career, they have released nine studio albums and experienced lineup changes, most noticeably with their drummers. Their longest-serving drummer was Ron Welty, who replaced original drummer James Lilja in 1987, and stayed with the band for 16 years; he was replaced by Atom Willard in 2003, and then four years later by Parada. Gregory "Greg K." Kriesel, one of the co-founders of The Offspring, was their bassist until 2018 when he parted ways due to business disputes with the band, leaving Holland as the sole remaining original member. Kriesel was replaced by Todd Morse of H2O, who had previously worked with The Offspring as their touring guitarist. | The Offspring, ou simplement Offspring, est un groupe de punk rock américain, originaire du Comté d'Orange, en Californie. Constitué en 1984, le groupe est actuellement formé de Dexter Holland au chant et à la guitare rythmique, Todd Morse à la basse, Noodles à la guitare solo, et Pete Parada à la batterie. | [
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Jacques Cartier | Jacques Cartier | Jacques Cartier (,,, ; ; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas" after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island). | Jacques Cartier est un navigateur, explorateur français et écrivain par ses récits de voyage. Né en 1491 à Saint-Malo, il y meurt le. | [
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Robert W. Wood | Robert Williams Wood | Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist and inventor who made pivotal contributions to the field of optics. He pioneered infrared and ultraviolet photography. Wood's patents and theoretical work inform modern understanding of the physics of ultraviolet light, and made possible myriad uses of UV fluorescence which became popular after World War I. He published many articles on spectroscopy, phosphorescence, diffraction, and ultraviolet light. | Robert Williams Wood est un physicien américain né le à Concord dans le Massachusetts et mort le à Amityville dans l'État de New York. Il est surtout connu pour avoir inventé un écran filtrant (filtre de Wood) laissant passer principalement les rayons ultra-violets (longueurs d'onde inférieures à 366 nanomètres) appelés communément lumière de Wood ou encore "lumière noire" ; son invention est aujourd'hui commercialisée sous la forme de tube fluorescent utilisant un principe de phosphorescence, ou "lumière froide". | [
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Charles Glover Barkla | Charles Glover Barkla | Charles Glover Barkla FRS FRSE (7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays). | Charles Glover Barkla ( à Widnes, Cheshire, Angleterre - à Édimbourg, Écosse) est un physicien anglais. Il est lauréat du prix Nobel de physique de 1917. | [
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E-card | Carte virtuelle | An E-card is similar to a postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being that it is created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials. E-cards are made available by publishers usually on various Internet sites, where they can be sent to a recipient, usually via e-mail. It is also considered more environmentally friendly compared to traditional paper cards. E-card businesses are considered environmentally friendly because their carbon footprint is generally much lower compared to paper card companies because paper is not used in the end product. | Une carte virtuelle (appelée aussi e-carte, e-card ou cybercarte) est à la carte postale ce que le courrier électronique est au courrier postal. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Sea urchin | Echinoidea | Sea urchins (), are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species live on the seabed, inhabiting all oceans and depth zones from the intertidal to. Their tests (hard shells) are round and spiny, typically from across. Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with their tube feet, and sometimes pushing themselves with their spines. They feed primarily on algae but also eat slow-moving or sessile animals. Their predators include sea otters, starfish, wolf eels, triggerfish, and humans. | Les Oursins sont un groupe d'animaux marins, formant la classe des Echinoidea au sein de l'embranchement des Échinodermes. Ils sont aussi appelés par les scientifiques Échinoïdes ou Échinides. | [
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Elliptical galaxy | Galaxie elliptique | An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy with an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the three main classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hubble sequence and 1936 work "The Realm of the Nebulae", along with spiral and lenticular galaxies. Elliptical (E) galaxies are, together with lenticular galaxies (S0) with their large-scale disks, and ES galaxies with their intermediate scale disks, a subset of the "early-type" galaxy population. | Une galaxie elliptique est un type de galaxie qui regroupe des concentrations sphéroïdales de milliards d’étoiles qui ressemblent à des amas globulaires à grande échelle. Elles ont une très petite structure interne et la densité des étoiles diminue doucement du centre très lumineux vers des bords diffus. Elles sont classées dans la séquence de Hubble en tant que type E et se déclinent selon leur forme du type E0 (circulaire), au type E7 (fortement elliptique). | [
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Fu Manchu | Fu Manchu | Dr. Fu Manchu is a fictional villain character who was introduced in a series of novels by the English author Sax Rohmer during the first half of the 20th century. The character was also extensively featured in cinema, television, radio, comic strips and comic books for over 90 years and he has also become an archetype of the evil criminal genius and mad scientist, while lending the name to the Fu Manchu mustache. | Le docteur Fu Manchu est un personnage de fiction inventé en 1912 par Sax Rohmer dans une série de romans. Ce génie du mal d'origine asiatique a beaucoup contribué à la diffusion de ce stéréotype littéraire, lié à la crainte en occident du « Péril jaune ». On retrouve le personnage de Fu Manchu dans de nombreux films (incarné notamment par Boris Karloff ou Christopher Lee) et bandes dessinées. | [
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Spiral galaxy | Galaxie spirale | Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work "The Realm of the Nebulae" and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence. Most spiral galaxies consist of a flat, rotating disk containing stars, gas and dust, and a central concentration of stars known as the bulge. These are often surrounded by a much fainter halo of stars, many of which reside in globular clusters. | Une galaxie spirale est un type de galaxie contenant jusqu'à plusieurs centaines de milliards d'étoiles et qui adopte la forme aplatie d'un disque, avec un renflement central sphérique lumineux appelé le bulbe. Les galaxies spirales contiennent également, et de façon variable, des quantités importantes de gaz et de poussières. Autour du disque, il existe également un halo moins dense et plus discret, aux étoiles fréquemment regroupées en amas globulaires. | [
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Kolchak: The Night Stalker | Dossiers brûlants | Kolchak: The Night Stalker is an American television series that aired on ABC during the 1974–1975 season. It featured a fictional Chicago wire service reporter—Carl Kolchak, played by Darren McGavin—who investigated mysterious crimes with unlikely causes, particularly those that law enforcement authorities would not follow up. These often involved the supernatural or science fiction, including fantastic creatures. The series was preceded by the two television movies, "The Night Stalker" (1972) and "The Night Strangler" (1973). Although the series lasted only a single season, it rapidly achieved cult status and has remained very popular in syndication. | Dossiers brûlants ("") est une série télévisée américaine créée par Jeffrey Grant Rice composée de deux téléfilms pilotes de 75 et 90 minutes diffusés respectivement en 1972 et 1973, et 20 épisodes de 50 minutes diffusés entre le et le sur le réseau ABC. | [
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234872,
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37702,
2843,
99201,
22758,
85522,
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58595,
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53,
1311,
425,
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94674,
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158558,
30833,
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77330,
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289,
28302,
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14787,
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75169,
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32603,
3674,
20271,
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59226,
8108,
1831,
214,
6637,
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158,
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4288,
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360,
72399,
29733,
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1681,
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563,
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1414,
140528,
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142,
179140,
50960,
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44759,
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3957,
36151,
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1672,
54527,
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5895,
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27898,
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133266,
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150350,
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24667,
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50266,
90,
740,
51404,
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189534,
31913,
64,
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16940,
2685,
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39395,
6817,
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7639,
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1346,
297,
102917,
538,
23,
3731,
31754,
136,
99,
53900,
137869,
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581,
7639,
60213,
71,
10,
38134,
37457,
111,
121399,
6057,
7,
136,
5941,
38436,
52129,
7,
4,
2
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1
] | [
250008,
31033,
7,
33843,
5491,
83555,
10840,
24073,
18939,
437,
773,
17101,
80149,
1824,
4170,
100527,
13,
102103,
13,
366,
224070,
110427,
118350,
144687,
13,
8,
7821,
80149,
8551,
7,
20279,
90,
8,
4948,
82,
2510,
14633,
237662,
7,
107013,
674,
22,
29172,
82,
29733,
4,
82,
387,
37597,
16369,
988,
8,
836,
14633,
237662,
7,
1148,
95,
82,
95,
613,
95,
75219,
47457,
5,
2
] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Absolute magnitude | Magnitude absolue | Absolute magnitude () is a measure of the luminosity of a celestial object, on an inverse logarithmic astronomical magnitude scale. An object's absolute magnitude is defined to be equal to the apparent magnitude that the object would have if it were viewed from a distance of exactly, without extinction (or dimming) of its light due to absorption by interstellar matter and cosmic dust. By hypothetically placing all objects at a standard reference distance from the observer, their luminosities can be directly compared on a magnitude scale. | En astronomie, la magnitude absolue indique la luminosité intrinsèque d'un objet céleste, au contraire de la magnitude apparente qui dépend de la distance à l'astre et de l'extinction dans la ligne de visée. | [
250004,
250054,
360,
29486,
320,
136,
22703,
49086,
124931,
53,
4,
70,
5570,
62488,
83,
209,
366,
39797,
7,
15,
115095,
138,
154784,
2485,
22729,
9,
46799,
7,
4,
138,
17331,
12243,
111534,
29089,
7,
707,
138,
17331,
12243,
4307,
96222,
140635,
7,
194,
62,
6057,
99,
209,
366,
39797,
7,
1556,
10,
121,
1165,
425,
111,
107754,
43808,
95083,
8877,
147,
238,
191633,
7,
194,
30733,
5134,
90,
15,
2940,
3789,
65042,
297,
36746,
7,
16,
621,
5045,
150679,
3501,
209,
366,
39797,
7,
4,
2363,
22729,
83,
4567,
27686,
645,
142,
65042,
297,
110912,
111,
20704,
4,
136,
2363,
128512,
124498,
7432,
53418,
186,
105237,
139999,
71,
1295,
35845,
538,
16610,
62488,
7,
4,
1284,
70,
5701,
101805,
83,
11814,
5,
62,
225495,
25,
7,
101668,
13,
83,
61924,
71,
390,
163,
162,
53089,
756,
70,
22729,
4567,
27686,
645,
70,
64194,
36746,
4,
85689,
214,
450,
78779,
297,
124498,
7432,
237,
70,
124498,
7432,
111,
10,
11001,
6275,
9,
5062,
707,
6057,
9,
5062,
31344,
4,
136,
242122,
70,
101668,
13,
111,
450,
6275,
9,
5062,
31344,
237,
442,
2806,
108975,
2174,
139999,
71,
99,
70,
5570,
209,
366,
39797,
7,
62488,
5,
1657,
184,
26513,
18,
538,
4,
70,
89931,
101668,
13,
111,
2499,
36746,
44,
13,
71723,
7,
58,
70,
173676,
101668,
13,
442,
44,
3613,
52366,
765,
58,
2174,
442,
3542,
209,
366,
39797,
7,
16065,
5,
581,
72350,
674,
111,
89931,
101668,
13,
83,
7228,
678,
142,
13984,
35839,
10,
12085,
29089,
5,
14847,
17368,
142,
89931,
101668,
13,
4,
1632,
8110,
40140,
18929,
70,
10644,
111,
77556,
155116,
1771,
4567,
2320,
8035,
72350,
71,
5,
14847,
15005,
2852,
47,
3622,
48302,
140992,
4,
70,
27798,
13579,
83,
12085,
186518,
101668,
13,
5,
581,
12085,
186518,
101668,
13,
56104,
83,
375,
7077,
297,
1295,
70,
21176,
101668,
13,
1001,
10,
12085,
186518,
26785,
1830,
4,
5,
3293,
26785,
1830,
83,
44841,
6637,
4552,
8010,
6057,
7,
4567,
2182,
153161,
227899,
4567,
2320,
4,
7440,
162,
4552,
21185,
6057,
7,
4567,
2182,
153161,
20100,
2822,
4567,
2320,
15,
21231,
5586,
2594,
25,
7,
27165,
194,
31384,
6057,
7,
75693,
47,
70,
24,
12225,
36298,
765,
6044,
10,
27226,
89931,
101668,
13,
450,
1836,
2806,
108975,
124498,
20174,
47,
1810,
16532,
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First French Empire | Premier Empire | The First French Empire, officially the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire (; ), was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. Although France had already established an overseas colonial empire beginning in the 17th century, the French state had remained a kingdom under the Bourbons and a republic after the French Revolution. Historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the "First Empire" to distinguish it from the restorationist "Second Empire" (1852–1870) ruled by his nephew Napoleon III. | L'Empire français, appelé "a posteriori" le Premier Empire français, ou simplement « Premier Empire », est le régime impérial de la France du, date de la proclamation de Napoléon Bonaparte "Empereur des Français" par "senatus consulte", jusqu'à sa première abdication le, puis de son retour à Paris le jusqu'à la séparation de la Commission Napoléon II le. Il fait suite au Consulat sous la Première République, est entrecoupé par la Première Restauration avant le rétablissement de son autorité lors des Cent-Jours, et est suivi par la Seconde Restauration. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Demographics of Switzerland | Démographie de la Suisse | This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Swiss Confederation, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. | Cet article porte sur les caractéristiques démographiques de la population de la Suisse, y compris la densité de population, d'ethnie, du niveau d'éducation, de la santé de la population, du statut économique, des affiliations religieuses et d'autres aspects de la population. | [
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Paleontology | Paléontologie | Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology (), is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossils to classify organisms and study interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). Paleontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century BCE. The science became established in the 18th century as a result of Georges Cuvier's work on comparative anatomy, and developed rapidly in the 19th century. The term itself originates from Greek παλαιός, "palaios", "old, ancient", ὄν, "on" (gen. "ontos"), "being, creature" and λόγος, "logos", "speech, thought, study". | La paléontologie est la discipline scientifique qui étudie les restes fossiles des êtres vivants du passé et les implications évolutives ressortant de l'étude de ces restes. | [
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Paleocene | Paléocène | The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek palæo- meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". | Le Paléocène est la première époque de l'ère Cénozoïque, dans l'échelle des temps géologiques. Elle s'étend de à d'années. Le mot est composé du grec ("palaios", ancien) et ("kainos", nouveau), car c'est l'époque la plus ancienne de la nouvelle ère Cénozoïque. | [
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Udaipur | Udaipur (Rajasthan) | Udaipur (), also known as the "City of Lakes" is a city in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the historic capital of the kingdom of Mewar in the former Rajputana Agency. It was founded in 1558 by Udai Singh II of the Sisodia clan of Rajput, when he shifted his capital from the city of Chittorgarh to Udaipur after Chittorgarh was besieged by Akbar. It remained as the capital city till 1818 when it became a British princely state, and thereafter the Mewar province became a part of Rajasthan when India gained independence in 1947. | Udaipur ou Oudaïpour () est une ville d'Inde située dans l'État du Rajasthan, entourée par les lacs Pichola, Fateh Sagar et Swaroop Sagar. Située à d’altitude, elle compte habitants au recensement de 2011. | [
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Filmation | Filmation | Filmation Associates was an American production company that produced animation and live-action programming for television from 1963 to 1989. Located in Reseda, California, the animation studio was founded in 1962. Filmation's founders and principal producers were Lou Scheimer, Hal Sutherland, and Norm Prescott. | Filmation est une société de production de séries d'animation américaine fondée en 1962 par Lou Scheimer, Hal Sutherland et Norm Prescott et disparue en 1989. | [
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Franc | Franc (unité monétaire) | The franc is any of several units of currency. The French franc was the currency of France until the euro was adopted in 1999 (by law, 2002 de facto). The Swiss franc is a major world currency today due to the prominence of Swiss financial institutions. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription "francorum rex" (Style of the French sovereign: "King of the Franks") used on early French coins and until the 18th century, or from the French "franc", meaning "frank" (and "free" in certain contexts, such as "coup franc", "free kick" ). | Le franc est une unité monétaire utilisée d'abord en France puis par plusieurs autres pays. Il se divise en 100 centimes. | [
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Bruno Walter | Bruno Walter | Bruno Walter (born Bruno Schlesinger, September 15, 1876February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor, pianist and composer. Born in Berlin, he left Germany in 1933 to escape the Third Reich, was naturalized as a French citizen in 1938, and settled in the United States in 1939. He worked closely with Gustav Mahler, whose music he helped to establish in the repertory, held major positions with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Salzburg Festival, Vienna State Opera, Bavarian State Opera, Staatsoper Unter den Linden and Deutsche Oper Berlin, among others, made recordings of historical and artistic significance, and is widely considered to be one of the great conductors of the 20th century. | Bruno Walter (né Bruno Schlesinger) est un chef d'orchestre, compositeur et pianiste allemand. Il est né à Berlin le, a été naturalisé autrichien en 1911, français en 1938, puis américain en 1946. Il est mort à Beverly Hills le. | [
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Flashdance | Flashdance | Flashdance is a 1983 American romantic drama film directed by Adrian Lyne and starring Jennifer Beals as a passionate young dancer who aspires to become a professional ballerina (Alex), alongside Michael Nouri playing her elder suitor and the owner of the steel mill where she works by day in Pittsburgh. It was the first collaboration of producers Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, and the presentation of some sequences in the style of music videos was an influence on other 1980s films including "Footloose", "Purple Rain", and "Top Gun", Simpson and Bruckheimer's most famous production. It was also one of Lyne's first major film releases, building on a reputation for making popular television commercials. Alex's elaborate dance sequences were shot using body doubles (Beals' main double was the uncredited French actress Marine Jahan, while a breakdance move was doubled by the male dancer Crazy Legs). | Flashdance — ou Le Feu de la danse au Québec — ("Flashdance") est un drame musical américain réalisé par Adrian Lyne et sorti en 1983. | [
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Plate tectonics | Tectonique des plaques | Plate tectonics (from the, from the ) is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3.3 and 3.5 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s. | La tectonique des plaques (du latin tardif "tectonicus", dérivé du grec ancien « de construction ») est un modèle scientifique expliquant la dynamique globale de la lithosphère terrestre. Ce modèle théorique a été constitué à partir du concept de dérive des continents, qui fut développé par Alfred Wegener au début du. La théorie de la tectonique des plaques fut acceptée par la communauté géologique internationale à la fin des années 1960, à la suite de l'émission des concepts du « double tapis-roulant océanique ». | [
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Walnut | Noix | A walnut is the nut of any tree of the genus "Juglans" (Family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, "Juglans regia". | La noix est un fruit comestible à coque. Elle est produite par les noyers, arbres du genre "Juglans L.", de la famille des Juglandacées. La forme commercialisée la plus importante des régions tempérées provient de la culture du noyer commun. Cet arbre, qui était présent à l'origine dans les régions montagneuses en milieu tempéré sur le continent eurasiatique, est maintenant largement cultivé dans le monde. Le présent article concerne la noix commune, c’est-à-dire le fruit du noyer commun ("Juglans regia"). La noix commune est un fruit à coque oléagineux très énergétique. Par rapport aux autres graines oléagineuses, elle se caractérise par sa richesse en acides gras polyinsaturés, comportant l'apport le plus élevé en oméga-3. La noix est aussi riche en tocophérol et composés phénoliques lui donnant une activité antioxydante puissante. | [
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Irving Thalberg | Irving Thalberg | Irving Grant Thalberg (May 30, 1899 – September 14, 1936) was an American film producer during the early years of motion pictures. He was called "The Boy Wonder" for his youth and ability to select scripts, choose actors, gather production staff, and make profitable films, including "Grand Hotel", "China Seas", "Camille", "Mutiny on the Bounty" and "The Good Earth". His films carved out an international market, "projecting a seductive image of American life brimming with vitality and rooted in democracy and personal freedom", states biographer Roland Flamini. | Irving Thalberg ( - ) est un producteur de cinéma américain des débuts du cinéma. Il était surnommé "" pour sa jeunesse et son habileté inégalée pour choisir les bons scénarios et en tirer des films à succès. | [
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