TrainingDataPro/sat-questions-and-answers-for-llm

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104	world_history	The Taiping Rebellion was similar to the communist takeover in China in that both events	were generally unaffected by religious doctrine	originated from radical Marxist political views	were driven by discontent with the Versailles Treaty	involved minimal physical conflict and bloodshed	called for the equal distribution of property and rights	E
105	world_history	Which world calendar was created most recently?	Julian calendar	Egyptian calendar	Coptic calendar	Gregorian calendar	Mayan calendar	D
106	world_history	The actions of the Luddites MOST strongly supported the social perspective that	hereditary nobility is ordained by a divine power	freedom of religion could not exist in monarchical government	traditional gender roles are the foundation of a healthy economy	public education should be limited to the higher classes	industrial technology may be a detriment to workers	E
107	world_history	The medieval African emperor Mansa Mūsā was most notable for his	cruelty to ambassadors from neighboring lands	frequent violent incursions into Europe	role in establishing the Atlantic slave trade	opulence and enrichment of Timbuktu	religious fervor and support of Christianity	D
108	world_history	The Silk Roads were indirectly responsible for spreading	slavery in Europe	diseases in Africa	Buddhism in China	socialism in Asia	manorialism in India	C
109	world_history	Which system of writing was primarily used in the languages of Hindi, Sanskrit, and Nepali?	Arabic	Cuneiform	Latin	Cyrillic	Devanagari	E
111	world_history	Captain James Cook contributed most significantly to the power of the British Empire by	leading a British campaign in the Seven Years' War	defeating French forces at Quebec	claiming Australia for the British crown	legislating for increased British industrialism	negotiating British control in India	C
113	world_history	In the twentieth century, Manfred von Richthofen came to be generally recognized as a symbol of the	excesses of landed aristocracy	spread of colonial expansionism	last vestiges of military chivalry	desire to separate church from state	movement for German unification	C
114	world_history	"O, my brothers, love your Country!…It is only through our country that we can have a recognized collective existence…Let each man among you strive to incarnate his country in himself. Let each man among you regard himself as a guarantor, responsible for his fellow-countrymen, and learn so to govern his actions as to cause his country to be loved and respected through him." Which theory is best exemplified in this excerpt from the work of Giuseppe Mazzini?	Absolutism	Conservatism	Utilitarianism	Nationalism	Liberalism	D
115	world_history	Which philosopher died after being convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens in 399 BCE?	Xenophon	Socrates	Plato	Aristotle	Heracleides Ponticus	B
116	world_history	Mumbai was a world leader in which industry during the middle of the nineteenth century?	Silk production	Cotton textiles	Opium manufacture	Slave trade	Spice trade	B
117	world_history	The primary result of the Third Crusade was the	Muslim sacking of Constantinople	removal of Islamic rule in Spain	Christian failure to regain Jerusalem	foundation of the Latin Empire	Christian capture of Jerusalem	C
118	world_history	All of these took place in Brazil during the reign of Pedro II (1831-89) EXCEPT a/an	backlash against the "coffee government"	focus on producing coffee instead of sugar	abolition of slavery throughout Brazil	modernizing of railroads and telegraphs	military coup that overthrew the monarchy	A
119	world_history	Which of these leaders was MOST influential in the establishment of an Islamic government in modern Iran?	Reza Shah Pahlavi	Nader Shah Afshar	Ayatollah Rūh ?allāh Khomeynī	Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi	āghā Moh ?ammad Khān	C
120	world_history	In African tradition, elaborately carved and decorated wooden masks are most likely to be employed during	ceremonies of spirits and religion	tribal battles and other warfare	family gatherings and clan meetings	theatrical and social entertainments	trade and diplomatic missions	A
121	world_history	In 212 CE, Roman citizenship was extended to	slaves and indentured servants	all free inhabitants of the Republic	all military personnel and veterans	educated native-born landowners	all free inhabitants of the empire	E
122	world_history	The events that took place at Masada in 72-73 CE showed that the early Jews of Israel were	great reformers in economy and society	fierce conquerors of opposing kingdoms	mediators of conflicts between neighbors	determined defenders of their homeland	enlightened scholars of philosophy	D
123	world_history	Which of these shows the correct chronological order in which different types of metals were discovered and used?	Bronze, iron, steel, copper	Copper, bronze, iron, steel	Iron, steel, copper, bronze	Steel, copper, iron, bronze	Bronze, copper, steel, iron	B
124	world_history	London was originally developed from a village into a major walled city by the	Vikings, circa 865 CE	Normans, circa 1066 CE	Anglo-Saxons, circa 670 CE	Celts, circa 50 BCE	Romans, circa 43 CE	E
125	world_history	The kingdom of Great Zimbabwe was most notable in the African Iron Age for its extensive system of	military formations	walls and stonework	ports and markets	silver mines	salt mines	B
126	world_history	The Russo-Japanese War became the first event in modern history in which	colonial and imperial ambitions led to armed conflict	an Asian nation achieved victory over a European power	two major world powers clashed over territory	a conflict took place simultaneously on the land and sea	territory rather than ideology was the motivating factor	B
127	world_history	The writings of Charles Dickens were BEST known for their criticism of	apparent hypocrisy in religious ethics	universal suffrage movements	British colonial ambitions and trade	economic inequality and poverty	racist practices and world slavery	D
128	world_history	In ancient times, the most common route for the Chinese to trade with the Roman Empire and Europe was	Via Maris	Silk Roads	Appian Way	Middle Passage	King's Highway	B
129	world_history	The Four Noble Truths, traditionally believed to have been articulated by the Buddha in his first sermon after enlightenment, include all of the following EXCEPT	suffering is caused by desire and other negative actions	dissemination of beliefs is necessary to a religion	human life is inevitably filled with sorrow	nirvana may be reached via the path of the Middle Way	cessation of desires can lead to the peace of nirvana	B
130	world_history	Chinese leader Kublai Khan was known for all of the following, EXCEPT	introducing Buddhism to China	completing the Mongol conquest of China	establishing a capital city in Beijing	serving as host and benefactor to Marco Polo	launching unsuccessful invasions of Japan	A
131	world_history	In seventeenth-century Holland, a major economic bubble resulted from speculative frenzy over the sale of	artwork	religious relics	Chinese silks	houses	tulips	E
133	world_history	Which of these was the primary obstacle to French construction of the Panama Canal in the 1880s?	Diseases carried by mosquitoes	Negotiations with labor unions	Encroachments by the British	Conflicts with the natives	Battles of the Spanish-American War	A
134	world_history	The Chinese concept of t'ien ming, or mandate of heaven, most closely resembled the European ideal of	indentured labor	feudal manorialism	the "city on the hill"	divine right of kings	royal appanage	D
135	world_history	Which of these does NOT describe one of the reasons Mexico declined an alliance with Germany during World War I?	British blockades would prevent armament shipments to Mexico.	Americans in former Mexican territories would refuse to assimilate.	Mexican ships felt too threatened by German U-boats.	Attacking the United States would endanger South American alliances.	The United States would be too powerful an enemy for Mexico.	C
136	world_history	Ancient imperialism MOST differed from modern imperialism in that	modern imperialism focuses more on taxation of conquered people	ancient imperialism was undertaken mostly by Britain and France	modern imperialism has generally involved very few nations	ancient imperialism focused more strongly on Asia and Africa	modern imperialism is focused primarily on industrialist pursuits	E
137	world_history	The Songhai Empire in Western Africa collapsed in 1591 as an immediate result of	attempts to promote trade on the Niger River	an invasion by Morocco into the Songhai territory	fluctuations in the trading of gold and salt	conflict between Islam and traditional religions	the conquering of Gao by the Mali Empire	B
138	world_history	Alchemy is best defined as the practice of	paying reparations for damages caused by warfare	banning religious services in a particular region	making a government's political processes transparent	manufacturing interchangeable parts on assembly lines	attempting to transform metals and find immortality	E
139	world_history	The 1955 Warsaw Pact created a communist counterbalance to the	European Union	United Nations	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	European Economic Community	North Atlantic Treaty Organization	E
140	world_history	The Zapatista National Liberation Army, which arose in Mexico in the 1990s, chose the name Zapatista to evoke the	glories of Mexican monarchs	spirit of peasant rebellion	fervor of Islamic extremists	plight of migrant workers	anger of South American warriors	B
141	world_history	The Aztec built their capital city Tenochtitlán on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco primarily because the site	was ideally located for trade purposes	provided protection from outside attackers	fulfilled a prophecy about where they should settle	was rich with natural deposits of gold and other minerals	was sacred to the people conquered by the Aztec	C.
142	world_history	Early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt were MOST similar in that they both	developed a code of retaliatory punishment	viewed women as socially equal to men	developed a government of separate city-states	were invaded and occupied by the Hyksos	depended on the annual flooding of a river for survival	E.
143	world_history	Which of these nations was the first to establish a trading presence in Asia by finding a sea route to India?	Spain	England	France	Portugal	Italy	D.
144	world_history	Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric theory of astronomy was not disproved until the sixteenth century, when the heliocentric theory was introduced by	Aristotle	Copernicus	Galileo	Kepler	Brahe	B.
145	world_history	Which of these statements MOST accurately describes the Bantu people of sub-Saharan Africa?	They initially organized into a stateless society composed of numerous villages.	They developed a class system that divided people along the lines of social importance.	They relied on a trans-Saharan gold and salt trade for economic and physical survival.	They practiced a monotheistic religion similar to that of the Hebrews.	They experienced violent clashes with the Muslim population in Africa.	A.
146	world_history	The Treaty of Versailles contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT a	demand that Germany cede the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to France	condition that placed permanent restrictions on the size of the Germany army	clause that required Germany to be held solely responsible for starting the war	stipulation that forced Germany to pay for the right to retain its African colonies	requirement that prevented Germany from manufacturing or importing weapons	D.
147	world_history	Respect for elders and ancestors, emphasis on effective government, and the belief that order and harmony can exist only if leaders cooperate with the most highly educated are all major philosophical tenets of	Daoism	Confucianism	Shintoism	Buddhism	Legalism	B.
148	world_history	The departure of Alexander the Great and his forces from India in 325 BCE led directly to the	rise of the Mauryan Empire	decline of Indian Buddhism	reemergence of Hinduism	formation of the Gupta Empire	decentralization of Indian government	A.
149	world_history	Which twentieth-century school of art produced works that were primarily whimsical in tone and devoid of any single specific meaning?	Surrealism	Dadaism	Expressionism	Functionalism	Cubism	B.
150	world_history	Which of these was primarily responsible for the tensions between China and Great Britain that led to the Anglo-Chinese War in 1839?	Chinese desire for independent self-rule	British importation of opium into China	Westernization of Chinese society	Territorial control over Hong Kong	Spread of communist influence	B
151	world_history	"The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: Each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole." Which of these would be LEAST likely to agree with the statement above?	John Locke	Voltaire	Thomas Hobbes	Montesquieu	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	C
152	world_history	The Crusades had all of the following effects on Europe EXCEPT a/an	increase in the power of European monarchs	elevation in the social status of women	emergence of a middle class in society	decline of trade between Europe and the East	increase in the political strength of the church	D
153	world_history	Japan and the countries of Western Europe were most similar around the thirteenth century in that both	established strong centralized governments	experienced a series of civil wars	developed intricate feudal systems	advanced the social status of women	endured invasion by Mongol forces	C
155	world_history	The influence of Minoan culture on Mycenaean culture was MOST evident in the Mycenaean	written language	interest in metallurgy	system of trade	social class structure	religious practices	A
156	world_history	In 1975, the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, attempted to establish communist rule in which country?	Thailand	Cambodia	Laos	Malaysia	Burma	B
157	world_history	The Balfour Declaration, issued by Britain in 1917, clarified England's position on the	Indian movement for independence from British rule	discriminatory South African policy of apartheid	establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine	formation of the Soviet Union under Lenin	proposed terms of German surrender in World War I	C
158	world_history	In 1908, facing international criticism for his harsh treatment of the Congolese in the Congo Free State, King Leopold II was forced to	agree to Congolese independence and abdicate	relinquish his control and pay reparations	surrender his authority in the Congo to British forces	cede control of the Congo Free State to the Belgian government	adopt humanitarian policies that ended hostilities	D
159	world_history	The Upanishads contain the core philosophy and central teachings of which world religion?	Buddhism	Hinduism	Jainism	Shintoism	Zoroastrianism	B
160	world_history	Which of the following was a significant change instituted during the reign of the 'Abbāsid Empire?	Non-Arab Muslims were allowed to hold civil and military office.	The Islamic capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus.	A hereditary method of succession was put in place.	Islam was divided into the major sects of Sunni and Shia.	The Byzantine capital of Constantinople was conquered.	A
161	world_history	Early human cultures in the Paleolithic Age were characterized by all of these EXCEPT the	development of language	prevalence of hunter-gatherers	emergence of agriculture	appearance of artwork	practice of funereal rituals	C
162	world_history	The Ottoman policy of devsirme primarily served to	cement governmental control	increase military manpower	maintain religious freedom	improve agricultural productivity	ensure economic stability	B
163	world_history	Which of these was NOT one of the global effects of the Industrial Revolution?	Decline in the colonization of foreign territories by industrial powers	Widening of the divide between industrialized and non-industrialized nations	Lessening of isolation between distant world cultures	Increase in Europe's economic power	Strengthening of the political influence of the middle class	A
164	world_history	Who led the South American struggle for independence from Spain?	Benito Juárez	Porfirio Díaz	Emiliano Zapata	Simón Bolívar	Miguel Hidalgo	D
166	world_history	After solidifying his control over Russia following civil war in 1918, Lenin's immediate goal was to	create a new communist government	reclaim Russian territory lost in World War I	eliminate any remaining political dissidents	institute his own totalitarian political regime	stabilize the Russian economy	E
167	world_history	Early Vietnamese resistance to the French imperialists who controlled their country was primarily a response to	abusive labor practices	destructive agricultural policies	racially discriminatory governance	suppression of native religion	violent police tactics	B
168	world_history	The city of Great Zimbabwe and the kingdom of Aksum were MOST similar in that both	became predominantly Christian societies	were located along the banks of the Red Sea	were eventually toppled by Muslim invaders	thrived on income derived from trade routes	incorporated Greek as their primary language	D
169	world_history	During the expansion of the Muslim Empire in the seventh century, all of these were true EXCEPT	conquered people who converted to Islam were not required to pay a poll tax	the ability to read Arabic was highly valued in regions conquered by Muslims	pagan members of conquered societies were expected to convert to Islam or face death	conquered people of Christian or Jewish faiths were required to submit to military service	conquered people who refused to convert to Islam were prevented from spreading their faith	D
170	world_history	The native Japanese religion of Shinto is primarily focused on	deity worship	personal enlightenment	ancestral veneration	dogmatic occultism	penitent self-denial	C
171	world_history	Which of these was NOT true of the spread of Islam in eastern and central Africa?	The conversion of Africans to Islam was largely the result of trade.	African women readily accepted Islam's traditional attitudes toward women.	The elite of the African business community saw conversion as commercially valuable.	Many Africans who converted to Islam were allowed to retain some tribal customs.	The agricultural population was more reluctant to convert than others.	B
172	world_history	The spread of ancient Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean region was primarily the result of Greece's	unique geography	military conquests	diverse population	democratic government	economic prosperity	A
173	world_history	"It is the State which educates its citizens in civic virtue, gives them a consciousness of their mission and welds them into unity." This quote was most likely spoken by a leader who supported what philosophy of government?	Republicanism	Absolute monarchism	Enlightened despotism	Fascism	Constitutional monarchism	D
174	world_history	The concept of the mandate of heaven provided a rationalization for	maintaining strict standards of morality	invading and conquering foreign civilizations	transferring power from one dynasty to another	believing in the moral superiority of the Chinese	adopting largely male-dominated gender roles	C
175	world_history	The Incan civilization was unique among pre-Columbian civilizations most notably because the Inca	used irrigation systems to increase agricultural yield	practiced a polytheistic form of religion	developed a complex written language	expanded their empire through conquest	built an advanced system of roads	E
176	world_history	For the majority of the eighteenth century, South Africa was controlled by the	Dutch	English	Spanish	French	Portuguese	A
177	world_history	Fear over the domino theory led the United States to enter which military conflict?	World War I	World War II	Korean War	Vietnam War	Persian Gulf War	D
178	world_history	Which of these Roman authors produced both the Annals and Germania?	Cicero	Tacitus	Virgil	Seneca	Horace	B
179	world_history	Both England and Egypt experienced all of the following as a result of the Industrial Revolution, EXCEPT	improved communication methods	expertise in glassmaking	increased levels of foreign trade	thriving cotton textile factories	commercial agriculture profits	E
180	world_history	The earliest significant civilization in Mesoamerica developed around the settlement of	Tenochtitlán	Cuzco	Chichén Itzá	Tula	Tikal	E
181	world_history	Japan turned to militarism in the 1930s primarily as a result of the	series of Chinese threats along the borders	belief that democracy had failed	desire to retake control of nearby foreign colonies	rash of violent civil unrest in the cities	desire to be completely isolated from the West	B
182	world_history	In order to restore peace in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna did all of the following EXCEPT	formally recognize Swiss independence	introduce the German Confederation	require France to disband its military	create the Kingdom of the Netherlands	restore the legitimacy of the monarchy	C
183	world_history	The Later Ly dynasty incorporated many aspects of the Chinese bureaucratic and civil service practices as it established a new centralized form of government in present-day	Vietnam	Cambodia	Korea	Thailand	Laos	A
185	world_history	During his reign, Alexander the Great conquered all of the following EXCEPT	Syria	Egypt	Mesopotamia	India	Asia Minor	D
186	world_history	The Maoist version of communism practiced in China during the 1950s and 1960s differed from the concurrent Soviet version of communism in that it	promoted a peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries	viewed the proletariat as a nation rather than a class	favored the redistribution of wealth among the peasantry	advocated the censorship of artistic and literary endeavors	espoused the value of state-run agricultural programs	B
187	world_history	Which civilization's code of law was written in the Twelve Tables?	Greece	Egypt	England	France	Rome	E
188	world_history	Which of these BEST describes the Taiping Rebellion?	National uprising against imperialist rule	Militant communist insurgency	Battle for dynastic control of China	Religious and political civil war	Revolt against the Mongol occupation	D
189	world_history	Among the Bantu-speaking peoples of Africa, the term griots referred to	leaders	storytellers	priests	warriors	slaves	B
190	world_history	The navigator Ferdinand Magellan is most famous for	leading the first expedition around the Cape of Good Hope	being the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean	leading the first attempt to locate the Northwest Passage	making the first landing in the New World	being the first person to circumnavigate the globe	E
191	world_history	Which of these BEST describes the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks in early-twentieth-century Russia?	The Mensheviks believed in working with the bourgeois, while the Bolsheviks believed in immediate revolution against them.	The Mensheviks supported an elitist political system, while the Bolsheviks supported a more inclusionary approach.	The Mensheviks favored an altered form of Marxism, while the Bolsheviks favored pure Marxism.	The Mensheviks were a proactively radical political group, while the Bolsheviks were comparatively reactionary in approach.	The Mensheviks supported Russia's involvement in World War I, while the Bolsheviks were against it.	A
192	world_history	In the mid-1800s, the southeastern port of Singapore was controlled by the	Dutch	French	Germans	British	United States	D
193	world_history	The campaign for Mexican independence from Spain was different from other political revolts in the Americas in that it was	diplomatic in nature and did not involve violence	ultimately decided by events in Europe	started by mestizos instead of the Creole class	undertaken to install a new monarchy	conducted with the help of other nearby countries	C
194	world_history	The signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas served to	end hostilities in the Spanish Civil War and affirm nationalist control	grant Spain exclusive rights to all land discovered in the New World	free the colony of Brazil from Spanish imperial governance	formally and permanently abolish the Spanish Inquisition	establish a trade agreement between Spain and the United States	B
195	world_history	"Whose government is unostentatious, quite unostentatious, his people will be prosperous, quite prosperous. Whose government is prying, quite prying, his people will be needy, quite needy." The above quotation reflects the central view of government espoused by which spiritual philosophy?	Confucianism	Buddhism	Legalism	Shintoism	Daoism	E
196	world_history	From which region did the cuneiform method of writing emerge?	Egypt	Mesoamerica	India	Mesopotamia	China	D
197	world_history	The African kingdom of Ghana fell into decline during the eleventh century primarily as a result of	invasion by foreign conquerors	internal political strife	poor agricultural practices	weak government leadership	violent religious disputes	A
198	world_history	In 1935, Italian forces under the command of Benito Mussolini invaded the nation of	Somalia	Ethiopia	Egypt	Libya	Nigeria	.
199	world_history	Which crop's cultivation led to the rise of the Khmer Empire in the region known today as Cambodia?	Tea	Opium	Rice	Sugar	Corn	C
200	world_history	What was the primary reason Russia ended its involvement in World War I?	The population devastation wrought by massive casualties	The diplomatic agreement signed with Germany for territory in East Europe	The adversarial nature of the relationship with the French and British allies	The internal political dissent against the czarist government	The severe economic strain placed on the country by its war efforts	D
201	world_history	All of these emerged during the reign of the Gupta Empire in India EXCEPT	funerary custom of sati	common Arabic numeral system	Sanskrit poems of Kalidasa	discovery of Earth's circumference	tradition of viewing cows as sacred	E
202	world_history	The ancient African city of Meroe became a major trading center between 250 BCE and 150 CE due to production of	gold	spices	iron	silver	grains	C
203	world_history	All of the following were true of the Roman army EXCEPT	all citizens who owned land were expected to serve in the army	each army legion consisted of several thousand foot soldiers	the government was responsible for providing the army with weapons	every army legion was complemented with a regiment of cavalry	all peoples allied with Rome were required to provide army troops	C
204	world_history	In the eighteenth century, Prussia rose to prominence under the leadership of the	Hapsburgs	Bourbons	Romanovs	Hohenzollerns	Carolingians	D
205	world_history	The culture of the Bantu people evolved and spread throughout Africa primarily as a result of	warfare	trade	migration	agriculture	religion	C
206	world_history	Which of these BEST describes parallel descent as it was practiced by the Inca in the sixteenth century?	Males inherited separately from the mother and father.	Males inherited from the father, while females inherited from the mother.	Males inherited from the mother and father, while female were not eligible to inherit.	Females inherited from the mother and father, while males were not eligible to inherit.	Females inherited only monetary wealth and not land or property.	B
207	world_history	Which issue did the 1997 Kyoto Protocol address?	Nuclear disarmament	World poverty	Energy crisis	Global warming	Water shortage	D
208	world_history	The Korean and Vietnam wars of the twentieth century were MOST similar in that they	produced significant territorial gains for communist forces	ended with the establishment of a neutral demilitarized zone	resulted from a desire to prevent the spread of communism	originated in nationalistic fervor to be free of colonial control	broke out as a result of invasions of democratic territories	C
209	world_history	After being installed as dictator, Julius Caesar did all of the following EXCEPT	declared himself a monarch	established a new solar calendar	decreased the power of the Senate	granted citizenship to inhabitants of provinces	offered public land to soldiers who had served him	A

104

world_history

The Taiping Rebellion was similar to the communist takeover in China in that both events

were generally unaffected by religious doctrine

originated from radical Marxist political views

were driven by discontent with the Versailles Treaty

involved minimal physical conflict and bloodshed

called for the equal distribution of property and rights

E

105

world_history

Which world calendar was created most recently?

Julian calendar

Egyptian calendar

Coptic calendar

Gregorian calendar

Mayan calendar

D

106

world_history

The actions of the Luddites MOST strongly supported the social perspective that

hereditary nobility is ordained by a divine power

freedom of religion could not exist in monarchical government

traditional gender roles are the foundation of a healthy economy

public education should be limited to the higher classes

industrial technology may be a detriment to workers

E

107

world_history

The medieval African emperor Mansa Mūsā was most notable for his

cruelty to ambassadors from neighboring lands

frequent violent incursions into Europe

role in establishing the Atlantic slave trade

opulence and enrichment of Timbuktu

religious fervor and support of Christianity

D

108

world_history

The Silk Roads were indirectly responsible for spreading

slavery in Europe

diseases in Africa

Buddhism in China

socialism in Asia

manorialism in India

C

109

world_history

Which system of writing was primarily used in the languages of Hindi, Sanskrit, and Nepali?

Arabic

Cuneiform

Latin

Cyrillic

Devanagari

E

111

world_history

Captain James Cook contributed most significantly to the power of the British Empire by

leading a British campaign in the Seven Years' War

defeating French forces at Quebec

claiming Australia for the British crown

legislating for increased British industrialism

negotiating British control in India

C

113

world_history

In the twentieth century, Manfred von Richthofen came to be generally recognized as a symbol of the

excesses of landed aristocracy

spread of colonial expansionism

last vestiges of military chivalry

desire to separate church from state

movement for German unification

C

114

world_history

"O, my brothers, love your Country!…It is only through our country that we can have a recognized collective existence…Let each man among you strive to incarnate his country in himself. Let each man among you regard himself as a guarantor, responsible for his fellow-countrymen, and learn so to govern his actions as to cause his country to be loved and respected through him." Which theory is best exemplified in this excerpt from the work of Giuseppe Mazzini?

Absolutism

Conservatism

Utilitarianism

Nationalism

Liberalism

D

115

world_history

Which philosopher died after being convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens in 399 BCE?

Xenophon

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle

Heracleides Ponticus

B

116

world_history

Mumbai was a world leader in which industry during the middle of the nineteenth century?

Silk production

Cotton textiles

Opium manufacture

Slave trade

Spice trade

B

117

world_history

The primary result of the Third Crusade was the

Muslim sacking of Constantinople

removal of Islamic rule in Spain

Christian failure to regain Jerusalem

foundation of the Latin Empire

Christian capture of Jerusalem

C

118

world_history

All of these took place in Brazil during the reign of Pedro II (1831-89) EXCEPT a/an

backlash against the "coffee government"

focus on producing coffee instead of sugar

abolition of slavery throughout Brazil

modernizing of railroads and telegraphs

military coup that overthrew the monarchy

A

119

world_history

Which of these leaders was MOST influential in the establishment of an Islamic government in modern Iran?

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Nader Shah Afshar

Ayatollah Rūh ?allāh Khomeynī

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi

āghā Moh ?ammad Khān

C

120

world_history

In African tradition, elaborately carved and decorated wooden masks are most likely to be employed during

ceremonies of spirits and religion

tribal battles and other warfare

family gatherings and clan meetings

theatrical and social entertainments

trade and diplomatic missions

A

121

world_history

In 212 CE, Roman citizenship was extended to

slaves and indentured servants

all free inhabitants of the Republic

all military personnel and veterans

educated native-born landowners

all free inhabitants of the empire

E

122

world_history

The events that took place at Masada in 72-73 CE showed that the early Jews of Israel were

great reformers in economy and society

fierce conquerors of opposing kingdoms

mediators of conflicts between neighbors

determined defenders of their homeland

enlightened scholars of philosophy

D

123

world_history

Which of these shows the correct chronological order in which different types of metals were discovered and used?

Bronze, iron, steel, copper

Copper, bronze, iron, steel

Iron, steel, copper, bronze

Steel, copper, iron, bronze

Bronze, copper, steel, iron

B

124

world_history

London was originally developed from a village into a major walled city by the

Vikings, circa 865 CE

Normans, circa 1066 CE

Anglo-Saxons, circa 670 CE

Celts, circa 50 BCE

Romans, circa 43 CE

E

125

world_history

The kingdom of Great Zimbabwe was most notable in the African Iron Age for its extensive system of

military formations

walls and stonework

ports and markets

silver mines

salt mines

B

126

world_history

The Russo-Japanese War became the first event in modern history in which

colonial and imperial ambitions led to armed conflict

an Asian nation achieved victory over a European power

two major world powers clashed over territory

a conflict took place simultaneously on the land and sea

territory rather than ideology was the motivating factor

B

127

world_history

The writings of Charles Dickens were BEST known for their criticism of

apparent hypocrisy in religious ethics

universal suffrage movements

British colonial ambitions and trade

economic inequality and poverty

racist practices and world slavery

D

128

world_history

In ancient times, the most common route for the Chinese to trade with the Roman Empire and Europe was

Via Maris

Silk Roads

Appian Way

Middle Passage

King's Highway

B

129

world_history

The Four Noble Truths, traditionally believed to have been articulated by the Buddha in his first sermon after enlightenment, include all of the following EXCEPT

suffering is caused by desire and other negative actions

dissemination of beliefs is necessary to a religion

human life is inevitably filled with sorrow

nirvana may be reached via the path of the Middle Way

cessation of desires can lead to the peace of nirvana

B

130

world_history

Chinese leader Kublai Khan was known for all of the following, EXCEPT

introducing Buddhism to China

completing the Mongol conquest of China

establishing a capital city in Beijing

serving as host and benefactor to Marco Polo

launching unsuccessful invasions of Japan

A

131

world_history

In seventeenth-century Holland, a major economic bubble resulted from speculative frenzy over the sale of

artwork

religious relics

Chinese silks

houses

tulips

E

133

world_history

Which of these was the primary obstacle to French construction of the Panama Canal in the 1880s?

Diseases carried by mosquitoes

Negotiations with labor unions

Encroachments by the British

Conflicts with the natives

Battles of the Spanish-American War

A

134

world_history

The Chinese concept of t'ien ming, or mandate of heaven, most closely resembled the European ideal of

indentured labor

feudal manorialism

the "city on the hill"

divine right of kings

royal appanage

D

135

world_history

Which of these does NOT describe one of the reasons Mexico declined an alliance with Germany during World War I?

British blockades would prevent armament shipments to Mexico.

Americans in former Mexican territories would refuse to assimilate.

Mexican ships felt too threatened by German U-boats.

Attacking the United States would endanger South American alliances.

The United States would be too powerful an enemy for Mexico.

C

136

world_history

Ancient imperialism MOST differed from modern imperialism in that

modern imperialism focuses more on taxation of conquered people

ancient imperialism was undertaken mostly by Britain and France

modern imperialism has generally involved very few nations

ancient imperialism focused more strongly on Asia and Africa

modern imperialism is focused primarily on industrialist pursuits

E

137

world_history

The Songhai Empire in Western Africa collapsed in 1591 as an immediate result of

attempts to promote trade on the Niger River

an invasion by Morocco into the Songhai territory

fluctuations in the trading of gold and salt

conflict between Islam and traditional religions

the conquering of Gao by the Mali Empire

B

138

world_history

Alchemy is best defined as the practice of

paying reparations for damages caused by warfare

banning religious services in a particular region

making a government's political processes transparent

manufacturing interchangeable parts on assembly lines

attempting to transform metals and find immortality

E

139

world_history

The 1955 Warsaw Pact created a communist counterbalance to the

European Union

United Nations

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

European Economic Community

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

E

140

world_history

The Zapatista National Liberation Army, which arose in Mexico in the 1990s, chose the name Zapatista to evoke the

glories of Mexican monarchs

spirit of peasant rebellion

fervor of Islamic extremists

plight of migrant workers

anger of South American warriors

B

141

world_history

The Aztec built their capital city Tenochtitlán on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco primarily because the site

was ideally located for trade purposes

provided protection from outside attackers

fulfilled a prophecy about where they should settle

was rich with natural deposits of gold and other minerals

was sacred to the people conquered by the Aztec

C.

142

world_history

Early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt were MOST similar in that they both

developed a code of retaliatory punishment

viewed women as socially equal to men

developed a government of separate city-states

were invaded and occupied by the Hyksos

depended on the annual flooding of a river for survival

E.

143

world_history

Which of these nations was the first to establish a trading presence in Asia by finding a sea route to India?

Spain

England

France

Portugal

Italy

D.

144

world_history

Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric theory of astronomy was not disproved until the sixteenth century, when the heliocentric theory was introduced by

Aristotle

Copernicus

Galileo

Kepler

Brahe

B.

145

world_history

Which of these statements MOST accurately describes the Bantu people of sub-Saharan Africa?

They initially organized into a stateless society composed of numerous villages.

They developed a class system that divided people along the lines of social importance.

They relied on a trans-Saharan gold and salt trade for economic and physical survival.

They practiced a monotheistic religion similar to that of the Hebrews.

They experienced violent clashes with the Muslim population in Africa.

A.

146

world_history

The Treaty of Versailles contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT a

demand that Germany cede the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to France

condition that placed permanent restrictions on the size of the Germany army

clause that required Germany to be held solely responsible for starting the war

stipulation that forced Germany to pay for the right to retain its African colonies

requirement that prevented Germany from manufacturing or importing weapons

D.

147

world_history

Respect for elders and ancestors, emphasis on effective government, and the belief that order and harmony can exist only if leaders cooperate with the most highly educated are all major philosophical tenets of

Daoism

Confucianism

Shintoism

Buddhism

Legalism

B.

148

world_history

The departure of Alexander the Great and his forces from India in 325 BCE led directly to the

rise of the Mauryan Empire

decline of Indian Buddhism

reemergence of Hinduism

formation of the Gupta Empire

decentralization of Indian government

A.

149

world_history

Which twentieth-century school of art produced works that were primarily whimsical in tone and devoid of any single specific meaning?

Surrealism

Dadaism

Expressionism

Functionalism

Cubism

B.

150

world_history

Which of these was primarily responsible for the tensions between China and Great Britain that led to the Anglo-Chinese War in 1839?

Chinese desire for independent self-rule

British importation of opium into China

Westernization of Chinese society

Territorial control over Hong Kong

Spread of communist influence

B

151

world_history

"The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: Each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole." Which of these would be LEAST likely to agree with the statement above?

John Locke

Voltaire

Thomas Hobbes

Montesquieu

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

C

152

world_history

The Crusades had all of the following effects on Europe EXCEPT a/an

increase in the power of European monarchs

elevation in the social status of women

emergence of a middle class in society

decline of trade between Europe and the East

increase in the political strength of the church

D

153

world_history

Japan and the countries of Western Europe were most similar around the thirteenth century in that both

established strong centralized governments

experienced a series of civil wars

developed intricate feudal systems

advanced the social status of women

endured invasion by Mongol forces

C

155

world_history

The influence of Minoan culture on Mycenaean culture was MOST evident in the Mycenaean

written language

interest in metallurgy

system of trade

social class structure

religious practices

A

156

world_history

In 1975, the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, attempted to establish communist rule in which country?

Thailand

Cambodia

Laos

Malaysia

Burma

B

157

world_history

The Balfour Declaration, issued by Britain in 1917, clarified England's position on the

Indian movement for independence from British rule

discriminatory South African policy of apartheid

establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine

formation of the Soviet Union under Lenin

proposed terms of German surrender in World War I

C

158

world_history

In 1908, facing international criticism for his harsh treatment of the Congolese in the Congo Free State, King Leopold II was forced to

agree to Congolese independence and abdicate

relinquish his control and pay reparations

surrender his authority in the Congo to British forces

cede control of the Congo Free State to the Belgian government

adopt humanitarian policies that ended hostilities

D

159

world_history

The Upanishads contain the core philosophy and central teachings of which world religion?

Buddhism

Hinduism

Jainism

Shintoism

Zoroastrianism

B

160

world_history

Which of the following was a significant change instituted during the reign of the 'Abbāsid Empire?

Non-Arab Muslims were allowed to hold civil and military office.

The Islamic capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus.

A hereditary method of succession was put in place.

Islam was divided into the major sects of Sunni and Shia.

The Byzantine capital of Constantinople was conquered.

A

161

world_history

Early human cultures in the Paleolithic Age were characterized by all of these EXCEPT the

development of language

prevalence of hunter-gatherers

emergence of agriculture

appearance of artwork

practice of funereal rituals

C

162

world_history

The Ottoman policy of devsirme primarily served to

cement governmental control

increase military manpower

maintain religious freedom

improve agricultural productivity

ensure economic stability

B

163

world_history

Which of these was NOT one of the global effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Decline in the colonization of foreign territories by industrial powers

Widening of the divide between industrialized and non-industrialized nations

Lessening of isolation between distant world cultures

Increase in Europe's economic power

Strengthening of the political influence of the middle class

A

164

world_history

Who led the South American struggle for independence from Spain?

Benito Juárez

Porfirio Díaz

Emiliano Zapata

Simón Bolívar

Miguel Hidalgo

D

166

world_history

After solidifying his control over Russia following civil war in 1918, Lenin's immediate goal was to

create a new communist government

reclaim Russian territory lost in World War I

eliminate any remaining political dissidents

institute his own totalitarian political regime

stabilize the Russian economy

E

167

world_history

Early Vietnamese resistance to the French imperialists who controlled their country was primarily a response to

abusive labor practices

destructive agricultural policies

racially discriminatory governance

suppression of native religion

violent police tactics

B

168

world_history

The city of Great Zimbabwe and the kingdom of Aksum were MOST similar in that both

became predominantly Christian societies

were located along the banks of the Red Sea

were eventually toppled by Muslim invaders

thrived on income derived from trade routes

incorporated Greek as their primary language

D

169

world_history

During the expansion of the Muslim Empire in the seventh century, all of these were true EXCEPT

conquered people who converted to Islam were not required to pay a poll tax

the ability to read Arabic was highly valued in regions conquered by Muslims

pagan members of conquered societies were expected to convert to Islam or face death

conquered people of Christian or Jewish faiths were required to submit to military service

conquered people who refused to convert to Islam were prevented from spreading their faith

D

170

world_history

The native Japanese religion of Shinto is primarily focused on

deity worship

personal enlightenment

ancestral veneration

dogmatic occultism

penitent self-denial

C

171

world_history

Which of these was NOT true of the spread of Islam in eastern and central Africa?

The conversion of Africans to Islam was largely the result of trade.

African women readily accepted Islam's traditional attitudes toward women.

The elite of the African business community saw conversion as commercially valuable.

Many Africans who converted to Islam were allowed to retain some tribal customs.

The agricultural population was more reluctant to convert than others.

B

172

world_history

The spread of ancient Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean region was primarily the result of Greece's

unique geography

military conquests

diverse population

democratic government

economic prosperity

A

173

world_history

"It is the State which educates its citizens in civic virtue, gives them a consciousness of their mission and welds them into unity." This quote was most likely spoken by a leader who supported what philosophy of government?

Republicanism

Absolute monarchism

Enlightened despotism

Fascism

Constitutional monarchism

D

174

world_history

The concept of the mandate of heaven provided a rationalization for

maintaining strict standards of morality

invading and conquering foreign civilizations

transferring power from one dynasty to another

believing in the moral superiority of the Chinese

adopting largely male-dominated gender roles

C

175

world_history

The Incan civilization was unique among pre-Columbian civilizations most notably because the Inca

used irrigation systems to increase agricultural yield

practiced a polytheistic form of religion

developed a complex written language

expanded their empire through conquest

built an advanced system of roads

E

176

world_history

For the majority of the eighteenth century, South Africa was controlled by the

Dutch

English

Spanish

French

Portuguese

A

177

world_history

Fear over the domino theory led the United States to enter which military conflict?

World War I

World War II

Korean War

Vietnam War

Persian Gulf War

D

178

world_history

Which of these Roman authors produced both the Annals and Germania?

Cicero

Tacitus

Virgil

Seneca

Horace

B

179

world_history

Both England and Egypt experienced all of the following as a result of the Industrial Revolution, EXCEPT

improved communication methods

expertise in glassmaking

increased levels of foreign trade

thriving cotton textile factories

commercial agriculture profits

E

180

world_history

The earliest significant civilization in Mesoamerica developed around the settlement of

Tenochtitlán

Cuzco

Chichén Itzá

Tula

Tikal

E

181

world_history

Japan turned to militarism in the 1930s primarily as a result of the

series of Chinese threats along the borders

belief that democracy had failed

desire to retake control of nearby foreign colonies

rash of violent civil unrest in the cities

desire to be completely isolated from the West

B

182

world_history

In order to restore peace in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna did all of the following EXCEPT

formally recognize Swiss independence

introduce the German Confederation

require France to disband its military

create the Kingdom of the Netherlands

restore the legitimacy of the monarchy

C

183

world_history

The Later Ly dynasty incorporated many aspects of the Chinese bureaucratic and civil service practices as it established a new centralized form of government in present-day

Vietnam

Cambodia

Korea

Thailand

Laos

A

185

world_history

During his reign, Alexander the Great conquered all of the following EXCEPT

Syria

Egypt

Mesopotamia

India

Asia Minor

D

186

world_history

The Maoist version of communism practiced in China during the 1950s and 1960s differed from the concurrent Soviet version of communism in that it

promoted a peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries

viewed the proletariat as a nation rather than a class

favored the redistribution of wealth among the peasantry

advocated the censorship of artistic and literary endeavors

espoused the value of state-run agricultural programs

B

187

world_history

Which civilization's code of law was written in the Twelve Tables?

Greece

Egypt

England

France

Rome

E

188

world_history

Which of these BEST describes the Taiping Rebellion?

National uprising against imperialist rule

Militant communist insurgency

Battle for dynastic control of China

Religious and political civil war

Revolt against the Mongol occupation

D

189

world_history

Among the Bantu-speaking peoples of Africa, the term griots referred to

leaders

storytellers

priests

warriors

slaves

B

190

world_history

The navigator Ferdinand Magellan is most famous for

leading the first expedition around the Cape of Good Hope

being the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean

leading the first attempt to locate the Northwest Passage

making the first landing in the New World

being the first person to circumnavigate the globe

E

191

world_history

Which of these BEST describes the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks in early-twentieth-century Russia?

The Mensheviks believed in working with the bourgeois, while the Bolsheviks believed in immediate revolution against them.

The Mensheviks supported an elitist political system, while the Bolsheviks supported a more inclusionary approach.

The Mensheviks favored an altered form of Marxism, while the Bolsheviks favored pure Marxism.

The Mensheviks were a proactively radical political group, while the Bolsheviks were comparatively reactionary in approach.

The Mensheviks supported Russia's involvement in World War I, while the Bolsheviks were against it.

A

192

world_history

In the mid-1800s, the southeastern port of Singapore was controlled by the

Dutch

French

Germans

British

United States

D

193

world_history

The campaign for Mexican independence from Spain was different from other political revolts in the Americas in that it was

diplomatic in nature and did not involve violence

ultimately decided by events in Europe

started by mestizos instead of the Creole class

undertaken to install a new monarchy

conducted with the help of other nearby countries

C

194

world_history

The signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas served to

end hostilities in the Spanish Civil War and affirm nationalist control

grant Spain exclusive rights to all land discovered in the New World

free the colony of Brazil from Spanish imperial governance

formally and permanently abolish the Spanish Inquisition

establish a trade agreement between Spain and the United States

B

195

world_history

"Whose government is unostentatious, quite unostentatious, his people will be prosperous, quite prosperous. Whose government is prying, quite prying, his people will be needy, quite needy." The above quotation reflects the central view of government espoused by which spiritual philosophy?

Confucianism

Buddhism

Legalism

Shintoism

Daoism

E

196

world_history

From which region did the cuneiform method of writing emerge?

Egypt

Mesoamerica

India

Mesopotamia

China

D

197

world_history

The African kingdom of Ghana fell into decline during the eleventh century primarily as a result of

invasion by foreign conquerors

internal political strife

poor agricultural practices

weak government leadership

violent religious disputes

A

198

world_history

In 1935, Italian forces under the command of Benito Mussolini invaded the nation of

Somalia

Ethiopia

Egypt

Libya

Nigeria

.

199

world_history

Which crop's cultivation led to the rise of the Khmer Empire in the region known today as Cambodia?

Tea

Opium

Rice

Sugar

Corn

C

200

world_history

What was the primary reason Russia ended its involvement in World War I?

The population devastation wrought by massive casualties

The diplomatic agreement signed with Germany for territory in East Europe

The adversarial nature of the relationship with the French and British allies

The internal political dissent against the czarist government

The severe economic strain placed on the country by its war efforts

D

201

world_history

All of these emerged during the reign of the Gupta Empire in India EXCEPT

funerary custom of sati

common Arabic numeral system

Sanskrit poems of Kalidasa

discovery of Earth's circumference

tradition of viewing cows as sacred

E

202

world_history

The ancient African city of Meroe became a major trading center between 250 BCE and 150 CE due to production of

gold

spices

iron

silver

grains

C

203

world_history

All of the following were true of the Roman army EXCEPT

all citizens who owned land were expected to serve in the army

each army legion consisted of several thousand foot soldiers

the government was responsible for providing the army with weapons

every army legion was complemented with a regiment of cavalry

all peoples allied with Rome were required to provide army troops

C

204

world_history

In the eighteenth century, Prussia rose to prominence under the leadership of the

Hapsburgs

Bourbons

Romanovs

Hohenzollerns

Carolingians

D

205

world_history

The culture of the Bantu people evolved and spread throughout Africa primarily as a result of

warfare

trade

migration

agriculture

religion

C

206

world_history

Which of these BEST describes parallel descent as it was practiced by the Inca in the sixteenth century?

Males inherited separately from the mother and father.

Males inherited from the father, while females inherited from the mother.

Males inherited from the mother and father, while female were not eligible to inherit.

Females inherited from the mother and father, while males were not eligible to inherit.

Females inherited only monetary wealth and not land or property.

B

207

world_history

Which issue did the 1997 Kyoto Protocol address?

Nuclear disarmament

World poverty

Energy crisis

Global warming

Water shortage

D

208

world_history

The Korean and Vietnam wars of the twentieth century were MOST similar in that they

produced significant territorial gains for communist forces

ended with the establishment of a neutral demilitarized zone

resulted from a desire to prevent the spread of communism

originated in nationalistic fervor to be free of colonial control

broke out as a result of invasions of democratic territories

C

209

world_history

After being installed as dictator, Julius Caesar did all of the following EXCEPT

declared himself a monarch

established a new solar calendar

decreased the power of the Senate

granted citizenship to inhabitants of provinces

offered public land to soldiers who had served him

A