TrainingDataPro/sat-questions-and-answers-for-llm

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860	us_history	European exploration of the Americas resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the	introduction of new products to the Americas.	spread of European diseases, such as smallpox, to the Native Americans.	introduction of new products to Europe.	development of unified resistance by the Native Americans to European settlement.	mixed-race peoples in Mexico and Central America.	D
861	us_history	The Maryland Act of Toleration, passed in 1649, was significant in that it	provided religious freedom to Christians.	provided religious freedom to Catholics only.	provided for the just treatment of Native Americans.	provided religious freedom for Catholics, Jews, and Quakers.	allowed atheists to deny the existence of God.	A
862	us_history	The Battle of Saratoga was considered the turning point of the American Revolution because it	demonstrated America's naval superiority.	signaled the end of loyalist support for Great Britain.	led to an alliance between Spain and the colonies.	prompted France to enter the war in support of the colonies.	resulted in the defeat of General Howe.	D
863	us_history	"We demand that all immigrants to the United States reside here at least 14 years before they may apply for citizenship." Which party advocated the above idea as its main political position?	The Know-Nothing Party	The Whig Party	The Free Soil Party	The Democratic Party	The National Republican Party	A
864	us_history	Lincoln fired General George McClellan because he	marched through Georgia destroying crops and homes.	would not cross the Mississippi into Vicksburg.	was too timid to engage the enemy.	did not train the troops properly.	refused to charge up Little Roundtop at Gettysburg.	C
865	us_history	"Sod busters" was a nickname given to	New England settlers in the 1600s.	cotton growers in Texas in the 1840s and 1850s.	frontier farmers on the Great Plains in the 1860s and 1870s.	Dust Bowl farmers in the 1930s.	Eastern farmers who were displaced by suburban development in the 1950s.	C
866	us_history	The phrase "Speak softly and carry a big stick," originally referred to	President Theodore Roosevelt's policy in regard to Latin America.	President John F. Kennedy's policy in regard to Vietnam.	President Andrew Jackson's policy in regard to Native American nations.	President George H. W. Bush's policy in regard to Saudi Arabia.	President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy in regard to the Soviet Union.	A
867	us_history	Rosie the Riveter was a symbol of the	participation of women in the war effort during World War II.	Women's Liberation Movement of the 1960s.	new fashions for women that became popular in the 1950s.	participation of women in the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s.	change that had occurred as a result of women's suffrage.	A
868	us_history	The "War on Poverty" was an attempt by	President Richard Nixon to aid Latin American nations.	President Lyndon Johnson to end hunger and economic hardship in the United States.	President John F. Kennedy to aid the developing world by organizing the Peace Corps.	George Marshall to feed the people of Europe after World War II.	President Dwight Eisenhower to reduce the number of people on welfare.	B
869	us_history	George W. Bush defined the "axis of evil" as	Iran, Iraq, and China.	Iraq, Afghanistan, and Russia.	Iraq, Russia, and China.	North Korea, China, and Iraq.	Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.	E
870	us_history	Which events are correctly paired to reflect cause and effect?	The influx of Quakers to Maryland-the passage of the Maryland Act of Toleration	The expulsion of Roger Williams from Massachusetts Bay Colony-the founding of Connecticut	The development of the head-right system for acquiring land and workers-the development of slavery in South Carolina	William and Mary's ascension to the throne in England-the overthrow of the Dominion of New England	Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop's Indian Policies-the breakout of Bacon's Rebellion	D
871	us_history	The War of 1812 has often been called the "Second War of Independence" because it	ended the British presence in North America.	resulted in the adoption of a national anthem.	marked the development of the U. S. Navy.	marked the last major conflict between England and the United States.	resulted in the acquisition of new lands to further United States expansion.	D
872	us_history	The Whig Party, which existed 1833-1854, supported all of the following EXCEPT	rechartering the Second Bank of the United States.	raising tariffs to protect U.S. industry.	admitting Texas to the United States in 1844.	funding internal improvements, such as canals and roads.	Henry Clay for president in 1844.	C
874	us_history	Mechanization of agriculture in the late 1800s	brought unparalleled prosperity to U.S. farmers.	drove down prices of agricultural goods.	was ineffective at raising the output of farms.	was confined largely to New England.	was funded primarily by the federal government.	B
875	us_history	The Progressive movement's most significant impact on American society was	eliminating corruption in the political system.	convincing large segments of the working class to support socialist ideas.	establishing that federal legislation can be used to regulate business.	putting the issue of civil rights for African Americans on the national agenda.	setting the United States on an isolationist course.	C
876	us_history	Frank Capra was a Depression-era film director whose artistic response to the Great Depression could best be described as	elaborate musicals, such as Gold Diggers of 1933, with lavish dance numbers and opulent sets, which suggested that better times were just around the corner.	earnest films, such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, which suggested that the problems of the era could be solved by old-fashioned values rather than sweeping political or economic change.	bright, animated films, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which offered Americans an escape from the drudgery of daily life.	zany comedies, such as Duck Soup, which created an anarchic world that mocked authority at a time when traditional authorities seemed to be unable to provide answers to the day's problems.	gritty gangster movies, such as The Public Enemy, which presented a lonely, often cruel world of urban decay and violence.	B
877	us_history	Herbert Hoover reacted to the Depression of 1929 by	doing nothing.	encouraging unions to organize.	establishing extensive federal relief programs to meet the emergency.	building Hoovervilles to shelter the homeless in all the large cities.	providing loans to industry to restart production.	E
879	us_history	The midterm congressional elections of 1994 were significant because	the Democratic Party gained control of Congress.	the Republican Party gained control of Congress.	the same political party gained control of the executive and legislative branch.	it led to bipartisan support for the Contract With America.	18-year-olds were given the right to vote in federal elections.	B
880	us_history	Which of the following statements is true of the encomienda system, established by the Spanish in the New World?	Settlers were given 50 acres of land, as well as 50 acres for every person whose passage they paid to the New World.	Colonies existed for the good of the mother country.	African slaves were brought to the New World to labor on plantations.	The system resulted in the exploitation of the Native American population by the Spanish.	The mother country exported more than it imported, creating a favorable balance of trade.	D
881	us_history	The Great Compromise, agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention,	established the executive branch of government.	established a two-house legislative branch of government.	established the judicial branch of government.	provided for the direct election of Senators by the voters.	stipulated that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of taxation and representation.	B
882	us_history	"Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came." -Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865 Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the above quote?	The North was to blame for the war.	The South wanted to fight a war more than it wanted to preserve slavery.	The North wanted the South to perish.	The war started due to the actions of both sides.	Both sides wanted to preserve the union.	D
883	us_history	In the second half of the 19th century, mining went from being an endeavor dominated by individual prospectors to one dominated by a few large corporations because	the children of prospectors lost interest in mining and sold their operations to corporations.	insurance and licensing fees were beyond the reach of most individuals.	the machinery required for extracting ore cost more than most prospectors could afford.	the transportation costs of shipping ore became too great for individual prospectors.	most of the prospectors were drafted into the Union army during the Civil War.	C
884	us_history	The temperance movement of the 19th century	attracted little popular support.	found a strong ally in the Democratic Party.	rejected appeals to people's sense of morality.	achieved its ultimate goal by the turn of the 20th century.	had a strong appeal among women.	E
885	us_history	The Harlem Renaissance can best be described as	a movement to gain equal access to public accommodations.	an urban renewal project in northern Manhattan.	a project to preserve 19th-century buildings and artifacts made by free African Americans.	a self-conscious effort by African Americans to promote their literature, music, and art.	a movement for racial integration in northern Manhattan.	D
886	us_history	Sarge, I'm only eighteen, I got a ruptured spleen and I always carry a purse. I got eyes like a bat, my feet are flat, and my asthma's getting worse. Which of the following is an accurate statement about this 1964 song by Phil Ochs, "Draft Dodger Rag"?	It encouraged young men to burn their draft cards.	It encouraged young men to evade the draft by fleeing to Canada.	It was a humorous song lacking any serious content.	It encouraged an antimilitary attitude.	It encouraged organized protest.	D
887	us_history	C. Everett Koop, President Reagan's Surgeon General, made headlines when he	called for an end to the war on drugs.	resigned in protest of Ronald Reagan's environmental policies.	changed the labeling on foods to show daily requirements.	launched a major campaign to prevent smoking.	called for new meat-inspection laws to prevent outbreaks of coli.	D
888	us_history	When President George H. W. Bush spoke of a New World Order, he was referring to	the results of the "war to end all wars."	agreements among China, the Soviet Union, and the United States.	the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War.	the signing of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and among improved relations among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.	the importance of the United Nations as a force to settle international disputes after the fall of the Soviet Union.	E
889	us_history	Which of the following statements is an accurate description of differences between immigration patterns in the late 19th century and late 20th century?	A backlash developed against the more recent immigrants, while the older immigrants were universally welcomed.	The more recent immigrants were primarily from Asia and Latin America, while the older immigrants were primarily from Europe.	The older immigrants were less educated than the more recent immigrants.	The more recent immigrants were taking jobs away from people in the United States, while the older immigrants did not.	The more recent immigrants flocked to cities, while the older immigrants flocked to rural areas.	B
890	us_history	The Virginia House of Burgesses and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were similar in that both	provided for direct democracy.	provided for representative democracy.	symbolized the independent spirit that existed in the American colonies.	provided for universal male suffrage.	were independent of the British government.	B
891	us_history	Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were similar in that they both	advocated a balance between states' rights and a strong central government.	supported the Bank of the United States.	believed in rotation of public offices.	used the elastic clause to justify actions they had taken.	believed that the people were capable of making a decision if they were educated and informed.	D
892	us_history	"We are opposed to the extension of slavery because it diminishes the productive powers of its population…. It is an obstacle to compact settlements and to every general system of public institution. [If slavery goes into the territories] the free labor of all the states will not…. [I]f the free labor of all the states goes there, the slave labor of the southern states will not, and in a few years the country will teem with an active and energetic population." -Editorial, New York Evening Post, 1847 Why will free labor not go where there is slavery, according to the above excerpt?	African Americans are inferior.	Free laborers are morally opposed to slavery.	Slaves work too hard and would force out free laborers.	Slaves prevent the growth of productive communities.	Free laborers do not want to work next to slaves.	D
893	us_history	Helen Hunt Jackson's 1881 book, A Century of Dishonor, chronicled the	mistreatment of Chinese laborers working on the transcontinental railroad.	government's record of broken treaties and promises in regard to Native Americans.	destruction of the ecology of the West by settlers and big business.	conditions on cotton plantations before the Civil War.	history of Spanish misdeeds in Cuba before the Spanish-American War.	B
894	us_history	The 17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators), the initiative, and the recall were all intended to	break up the power of municipal political machines, such as Tammany Hall.	empower the government to challenge big business.	extend civil rights to African Americans.	give the people more power in the democratic process.	relieve the suffering of the poor.	D
895	us_history	Eugene V. Debs and Robert M. La Follette were similar in that both	opposed U.S. involvement in World War II.	ran for president on third-party tickets.	rejected sweeping challenges to the status quo.	were arrested under the Espionage Act during World War I.	served in Franklin D. Roosevelt's cabinet.	B
896	us_history	As part of President Franklin Roosevelt's plan to fight the Great Depression, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was passed to	replace the New Deal farm price supports, which had been declared unconstitutional.	help raise the prices of farm goods so that farmers could survive the Depression.	provide new equipment so farmers could grow more crops.	give loans to farmers who planted crops that were needed in cities.	ensure that all farmers who wanted to relocate to more fertile land could move without difficulty.	B
897	us_history	The Smith Act of 1940 and the McCarran Act of 1950 are similar in that they both	were used to hamper the activities of the Communist Party.	aided the development of suburbs.	checked the power of large corporations.	were milestones in the struggle for civil rights for African Americans.	expanded the rights of people accused of crimes.	A
898	us_history	When Gerald Ford said "the long national nightmare is over," he was referring to the end of the	Vietnam War.	Cold War.	Iran Hostage Crisis.	Watergate Scandal.	Savings and Loan Crisis.	D
899	us_history	In his first year in office, President Ronald Reagan	initiated a famous 100 days of intense legislative activity.	began his program of trading arms for hostages.	fired air traffic controllers who refused to end their strike for shorter hours and higher pay.	invaded Iran to force the return of American hostages.	launched an invasion of Cuba.	C
900	us_history	The Mayflower Compact can best be characterized as	the first written constitution in the New World.	a peace accord that settled competing territorial claims between the Puritans and Native Americans.	the colonial government in Massachusetts Bay Colony.	a statement of religious principles.	a formal agreement signed by the Puritans that created a democratic process.	E
901	us_history	null	wanted a railroad to the West that would start in Chicago.	wanted votes from Easterners for a future presidential run.	wanted to expand farming because he was for the Homestead Act.	wanted to please the South by opening up more land for cotton farming.	opposed slavery.	A
902	us_history	"Our government's foundations are laid; its cornerstone rests upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man, that slavery and subordination to the superior race is his natural and moral condition. This, our new government, is the first in the history of the world based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth…. Our Confederacy is founded upon principles in strict conformity with these laws. This stone, which was rejected by the first builders, has become the chief stone of the new corner in our edifice." -Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederacy, March 21, 1861 Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of Alexander Stephens's statement?	Slavery would gradually end without interference from the North.	Ancient Greece and Rome were wrong to have supported slavery.	The Founding Fathers were correct on all substantive issues.	Slavery was the proper philosophical basis for the Confederacy.	Southerners seceded for primarily economic reasons.	D
903	us_history	A major factor leading to U.S. imperialism in the 1890s was	a political shift as the Democratic Party gained power at the expense of the Republican Party.	the opportunity created for the United States as European powers began to move away from imperialist expansion and focus on internal development.	the desire for new markets as industrial production outpaced domestic consumption.	the need to find new lands to absorb the expanding population of the United States.	a desire for fertile land, as farmland on the American mainland was becoming depleted.	C
904	us_history	Which of the following did not reinforce white supremacist notions of race relations in the United States?	The Plessy v. Ferguson decision	The D. W. Griffith film, Birth of a Nation	The Dred Scott v. Sanford decision	The Niagara Movement	The Dixiecrat Party	D
905	us_history	A major function of the Federal Reserve System, established in 1913, was to	regulate the money supply.	balance the budget.	encourage industrial development.	regulate the stock market.	regulate foreign trade.	A
906	us_history	Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to pack the Supreme Court in 1937 because	the justices were too inexperienced to deal with the Great Depression.	the court had declared some New Deal legislation unconstitutional.	Roosevelt felt that Congress had become more powerful than the president.	the court refused to allow the president to implement the Lend-Lease Act.	the court had demonstrated liberal tendencies in interpreting the New Deal legislation.	B
907	us_history	The Senate passed a censure motion against Senator Joseph McCarthy in the wake of	accusations of financial impropriety.	hearings that implicated high-ranking members of the military.	the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.	the Supreme Court's opinion on the constitutionality of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).	the U.S. entry into the Korean War.	B
908	us_history	The Immigration Act of 1965 was significant in that it	opened the door to many non-European immigrants.	used racial criteria for the first time as a basis for admission to the United States.	favored Northern and Western Europeans.	excluded unskilled workers.	used IQ tests as a criterion for admission to the United States.	A
909	us_history	U.S. forces in Vietnam used Agent Orange primarily to	counteract the effects of poisons used by the Vietcong.	camouflage movement in the jungle.	interrogate Vietcong prisoners.	destroy the natural cover used by the Vietcong guerrillas.	prevent the diseases carried by the insects of Vietnam.	D
910	us_history	One of the major reasons for the development of political parties in the 1790s was that	Jefferson and Madison had developed a personal dislike for one another.	support for the French Revolution eroded Washington's power.	the Alien and Sedition Acts had reduced the number of immigrants entering the United States.	differences had developed concerning the interpretation of the Constitution.	The Articles of Confederation had created a weak central government.	D
911	us_history	Key components of Henry Clay's American system included	a strict interpretation of the Constitution and rapid western expansion.	high protective tariffs and internal improvements.	the development of Southern industry and Northern agriculture.	the elimination of export taxes and of the slave trade.	government ownership of railroads and canals.	B
912	us_history	Scalawag was a derogatory term used by	abolitionists to describe slave catchers in the 1850s.	whites in the South to describe other Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction.	Republicans to describe Federalists who cooperated with the British during the War of 1812.	Westerners to describe white settlers who argued for fair treatment of Native Americans in the 1870s.	union members to describe workers who crossed a picket line during the labor conflicts of the Gilded Age.	B
913	us_history	José Marti and Emilio Aguinaldo are similar in that both	fought against U.S. forces in their respective countries.	served as governors of U.S. protectorates.	led nationalist movements in their respective countries.	signed treaties allowing the United States to have a military presence in their respective countries.	were leaders of the Organization of American States.	C
914	us_history	In the 1908 Muller v. Oregon decision, the Supreme Court	upheld the use of the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up trusts.	forbade states from regulating railroad rates for routes between states.	held that worker-protection laws do not violate the constitutional rights of employers.	upheld segregation laws, if both sets of facilities are equal to one another.	ruled that the government has the right to limit speech if a clear and present danger exists.	C
915	us_history	The passage of the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 and the movement to prevent the teaching of evolution in public schools in the 1920s could best be seen as	conservative responses to social change.	Marxist responses to economic dislocation.	liberal responses to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.	Democratic responses to the success of the Republican Party.	feminist responses to Victorian morality.	A
916	us_history	As the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus to the North and issues of de facto segregation, which of the following became a central issue?	Separate lunch counters for African Americans and whites	Segregation in department store fitting rooms	Blacks and whites living in separate neighborhoods	Discrimination in waiting rooms in interstate bus stations	Requiring blacks and whites to use separate water fountains	C
917	us_history	The Supreme Court decisions Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona are significant in that they	expanded the rights of people accused of crimes.	made participation in the political system easier for African Americans.	strengthened the separation of church and state.	established the principle of equal pay for equal work.	ensured free speech during wartime.	A
918	us_history	President Jimmy Carter broke from previous U.S. administrations in foreign policy by	promising to "walk softly and carry a big stick" in his dealings with Latin American nations.	vowing to halt communist expansion in Asia.	pursuing a policy of détente with the Soviet Union.	linking U.S. aid to foreign nations to improvements in human rights.	signing a new treaty with Panama extending U.S. control of the Canal Zone.	D
919	us_history	All of the following were initiatives of Clinton administration except the	Brady Gun Control Bill, which regulated handgun ownership.	Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which reformed the welfare system.	Camp David Accords for peace between Israel and Egypt.	commitment of 20,000 troops to Haiti to support President Bertrande Aristide.	Dayton Accords for a peace settlement in Serbia.	C
920	us_history	Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, supported the idea that	civil authority should be separated from church authority.	church leaders should be the leaders of the colonies.	the Native American population should be resettled to the West.	the theocracy that existed in Massachusetts Bay should be extended to other colonies.	women should enjoy equal rights with men.	A
921	us_history	President Andrew Jackson vetoed the Bank Recharter Bill because he	was a Democrat and it was a Whig measure.	disagreed with the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison.	believed that paper money was the most important element for economic success.	was opposed to the bank's monopolistic power, calling it a "monster."	believed it was too late to bring up the question.	D
922	us_history	"The government, Sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. It is not the creature of the state legislatures; nay more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties …. The people, then, Sir, erected this government. They gave it a constitution, and in the constitution they have enumerated powers which they bestow on it." From Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" What argument was Daniel Webster responding to in the above passage?	The theory that the people were the source of power in the Constitution	The theory that the tariff was unconstitutional	The Compact Theory that the states were sovereign	The Theory of Perpetual Union that the union had existed before the Constitution	The theory that sovereignty rests in the general government	C
923	us_history	The Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882, had the effect of	exempting China from participation in the League of Nations.	dividing China into "spheres of influence."	banning most Chinese people from immigrating to the United States.	establishing the "open-door policy" in regard to trade with China.	raising tariffs on goods from China.	C
924	us_history	The establishment of standard time zones occurred	at the time of the American Revolution to standardize measurements in the new nation.	in the 1880s to facilitate scheduling of railroad lines.	during World War I to coordinate the war effort better.	in the 1920s to allow for the coordination of nationally broadcast radio shows.	as part of the New Deal efforts at modernization.	B
925	us_history	Among the key components of President Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal" program were	a national bank and internal improvements.	unemployment insurance and relief for poor families.	opposition to U.S. imperialism and autonomy for Latin American nations.	regulation of trusts and consumer protection.	racial integration in public facilities and voting rights for African Americans.	D
926	us_history	Black Tuesday is a significant day in U.S. history because it marks the beginning of	U.S. involvement in World War II in 1941.	the Depression of 1929.	the atomic age with the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945.	World War I in 1914.	the great blackout in New York City in 1976.	B
927	us_history	The increased membership in the NAACP and CORE during World War II resulted from the	discriminatory job practices against African Americans during World War II.	Black Power movement, which had developed after World War I.	establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Commission.	addition of Mexicans and women to the workforce during World War II.	preference for Native American recruits over African American recruits during World War II.	A
928	us_history	The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to	rebuild European economies with a recovery program.	assist the agricultural economies of Latin America.	give aid to those communist nations that agreed to adopt democracy.	provide military aid to South Vietnam.	place Japan under a "nuclear umbrella."	A
929	us_history	Two significant events that occurred during the administration of Ronald Reagan were	the removal of the Berlin Wall and the break-up of the Soviet Union.	the Camp David Accords and Declaration of Human Rights.	Watergate scandal and the overture to China.	the end of the Iran hostage crisis and the invasion of Grenada.	War on Poverty and the first major escalation of the Vietnam War.	D
930	us_history	Which of the following contributed to the economic development of the colonies during the 1600s? I. The addition of slavery as a source of labor II. The growth of trade and commerce due to good harbors and an extensive river system III. The British policy of salutary neglect IV. The development of universal manhood suffrage V. The Great Awakening	I, II, III, IV, and V	I, II, and III	I, II, and V	III, IV, and V	I, III, and V	B
932	us_history	In the post-Reconstruction South, the economic arrangement known as sharecropping involved	groups of freed African American laborers working for wages on large plantations.	agricultural workers signing contracts that bound them to a particular plantation for a period of time.	former slaves being granted ownership rights to tracts of land that had previously been owned by slaveholders.	landowners dividing up their land and allowing growers to use plots of land in exchange for a portion of the yearly yield.	the gradual transition from a purely cash-crop agricultural economy to a mixed economy of farming and manufacturing.	D
933	us_history	The Mugwumps were Republican leaders who left the Republican Party in 1884 and supported the Democratic Party because they were	angry with the Republican Party for not taking a stand against the spread of Jim Crow policies in the Southern states.	offered cabinet positions if the Democrat Grover Cleveland won the presidential election.	disappointed with the Republican presidential candidate's history of corruption.	weary of the Republican Party's opposition to immigration.	disgusted with the violence that had been done to the Native Americans of the Great Plains.	C
934	us_history	The Social Security Act of 1935 was important in that it	offered direct relief to eligible unemployed and disabled individuals.	reformed the existing federal unemployment insurance system.	created a new agency to monitor investment in the securities industry.	provided relief for businesses in financial trouble as a result of the Depression.	succeeded in relieving the problems of the banking system.	A
935	us_history	All of the following are reasons for the anti-immigrant sentiment that resulted in the quota system of the 1920s EXCEPT	the demand for unskilled labor in American factories decreased as World War I ended.	many Americans perceived that anarchists and socialists were immigrating from Europe and contributing to social unrest in the United States.	racist ideas that held Jews, Slavs, and Italians as inferior gained credence in the United States.	some Protestants feared that the United States would change for the worse because of the influx of Catholics and Jews.	immigrants often took positions as indentured servants, which undermined the earning potential of American wage workers.	E
936	us_history	As a result of the Proclamation of Neutrality issued by the United States in 1939, the United States	favored the Axis powers.	established a "cash-and-carry" system of trade with belligerent nations.	withdrew from the League of Nations.	was criticized by the Allies and Axis powers alike.	joined the European powers in appeasing Germany.	B
937	us_history	The immediate cause of U.S. military involvement in the Korean peninsula in 1950 was the	crossing of the Yalu River by the Chinese "volunteers."	Japanese invasion of Manchuria.	creation of the DMZ (demilitarized zone) along the 38th parallel.	acquisition of a nuclear weapons by North Korea.	attack by North Korea on South Korea.	E
938	us_history	As a result of President Truman's insistence that the Democratic Party include a civil rights plank in its 1948 platform,	substantial numbers of white voters abandoned the Democratic Party, allowing the Republican Party to win the general election that November.	Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act within the next four years.	African American activists, encouraged that civil rights were becoming part of the national debate, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.	Martin Luther King Jr. was encouraged to organize the March on Washington.	many Southern Democrats, or Dixiecrats, left the Democratic convention and formed the States' Rights Democratic Party.	E
939	us_history	The Pentagon Papers contained information on all of the following presidents EXCEPT	Dwight D. Eisenhower.	Richard Nixon.	Lyndon Johnson.	Jimmy Carter.	John Kennedy.	D
940	us_history	Columbus, Magellan, and Balboa were similar in that	their voyages were all sponsored by the Spanish government.	they sailed across the Pacific Ocean.	they were killed by native inhabitants of North America.	they accumulated great personal wealth as a result of their explorations.	they found an all-water route to the East.	A
941	us_history	The delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed that	Congress would not interfere with the importation of slaves for 20 years.	an import duty could not be placed on slaves brought into the United States.	the government was not permitted to tax imports.	slaves were to be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation but not for the purposes of taxation.	slavery was not to be prohibited in any territory acquired by the United States in the future.	A
942	us_history	"The manhood of the slave is conceded. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write." -Frederick Douglass, 1852 Why did Douglass point out that there were laws against teaching slaves to read?	To show that the Southern statute books were unfair	To show that since only humans can read, slaves were human	To warn slaves that they were in danger of fines and penalties if they learned to read	To concede that the Southerners had control of the slaves	To show that the laws would not be obeyed	B
943	us_history	All of the following are considered factors in the collapse of Reconstruction in the 1870s EXCEPT	many Northerners simply lost interest in the issues and problems of the South.	a compromise following the disputed election of 1876 committed the Republican Party to withdrawing the last troops from the South.	the South had largely complied with the goals of Reconstruction, and the Radical Republicans felt satisfied that fairness and equality would exist in the South.	the Democrats in the South grew increasingly aggressive in asserting their right to run the governments of the Southern states.	many of the leading Radical Republicans, who had guided Congressional Reconstruction, had died by the 1870s.	C
944	us_history	The Bessemer process, which was important in the industrial growth of the United States in the second half of the 19th century, involved	using time-and-motion studies to streamline production and eliminate inefficiencies.	moving a product from worker to worker by a conveyor belt as it is being manufactured.	injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and produce steel inexpensively.	connecting the various sites of an operation by telegraph wires to facilitate communication.	mass-producing interchangeable parts to decrease dependence on skilled craftspeople.	C
945	us_history	Railroads challenged several of the "Granger laws" in court, claiming that they were unconstitutional. The Supreme Court rejected this claim in Munn v. Illinois on the grounds that	regulating business activities for the public good is a legitimate power of the states.	criticizing corporate activities is protected by the 1st Amendment.	the principle of eminent domain should only be applied if an overriding public need is involved.	railroad companies were not considered "citizens" and only citizens can initiate lawsuits.	contracts between the states and individuals or corporations are binding.	A
947	us_history	All of the following events contributed to Cold War tensions EXCEPT the	rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the isolationist Senate.	U.S. airlift of food to the citizens of Berlin.	massive economic support for Western Europe through the Marshall Plan.	united support of the Greek monarchy in 1947.	the establishment of the defensive North Atlantic Treaty Organization.	A
948	us_history	Napalm, a focus of antiwar protests during the Vietnam War, was	an explosive weapon that divided into parts, killing many people.	a nerve gas that paralyzed the enemy.	a drug used to interrogate prisoners.	a weapon that burst into flames after adhering to its victim.	a class of biological weapons that caused rare diseases.	D
949	us_history	The McCain-Feingold Bill	provided for banking reform and set up the FDIC.	introduced campaign finance reform by limiting soft-money contributions to political parties and prohibiting advocacy ads.	built thousands of miles of interstate highways after World War II.	prevented the president from sending troops to a foreign country for more than 60 days without a vote from Congress.	would have made Reconstruction the responsibility of the Congress rather than the president if Lincoln hadn't vetoed it.	B
950	us_history	The Neutrality Act of 1793, Jay's Treaty of 1795, and the Convention of 1800 were all similar in that they	were negotiated during the administration of George Washington.	ended the practice of impressment.	allowed the United States to navigate the Mississippi River freely.	were supported by the people of the United States.	delayed U.S. involvement in a war.	E
952	us_history	To become an artisan in the 1830s, one had to	study at a vocational school.	attend two years of university.	attend grammar school for five years.	join a union affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.	become an apprentice to a master craftsman.	E
953	us_history	As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law stated that	all African Americans were slaves.	all African Americans suspected of being slaves should be brought to a trial by jury.	every accused African American had the right to a defense lawyer.	all citizens were responsible for catching fugitive slaves.	each state had to determine whether it would comply with the law.	D
954	us_history	The Credit Mobilier scandal of the 1870s and the Teapot Dome of the 1920s are similar in that they both demonstrate the	lack of government oversight over the savings and loan industry.	cutthroat political competition between the Democrat and Republican Parties, which has often resulted in underhanded campaign practices.	prevalence of corrupt municipal political machines in the United States.	tendency of an overzealous press to invent stories in order to sell newspapers.	willingness of politicians to accept bribes from large corporations in exchange for granting these corporations political favors.	E
955	us_history	Horizontal integration occurs in business when a company	acquires ownership or control over other companies in the same business.	controls all aspects of the production and distribution of its product.	creates locally owned franchises.	changes its ownership from a single proprietor to a board of directors.	uses scientific management techniques to increase efficiency.	A
956	us_history	The deployment of nuclear missiles to Cuba by the Soviet Union in 1962	displayed Soviet nuclear superiority over the United States.	prompted a blockade of Cuba by President Kennedy.	enabled Fidel Castro to establish a dictatorship.	helped Kennedy's re-election bid.	provoked the Bay of Pigs attack.	B
957	us_history	Buddhist monks set themselves on fire in 1963 as a protest against	French imperialism in Vietnam.	American support for Indonesian President Sukharno.	the puppet Diem regime in South Vietnam.	anti-Buddhist policies of the Communist leader Ho Chi Minh.	the Tet Offensive, because it broke a cease-fire.	C
958	us_history	Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney were lynched in Mississippi during Freedom Summer, when they were attempting to	secure the admission of African Americans to the state university.	desegregate city buses.	desegregate lunch counters.	integrate highway rest stops.	help African Americans register to vote.	E
959	us_history	When President Bill Clinton was tried by the Senate in 1999, it was necessary that	Hillary Rodham Clinton testify before the Judiciary Committee.	Bill Clinton appear before the Senate.	Chief Justice William Rehnquist preside over the impeachment trial.	Vice President Al Gore temporarily assume the presidency.	Kenneth Starr resign as Independent Counsel.	C
960	us_history	A major reason for the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1620 was to	provide freedom of worship for Quakers.	establish profitable businesses.	create a fully democratic government.	provide freedom of worship for Puritans.	establish a colony with complete separation of church and state.	D
961	us_history	According to Washington's Farewell Address, U.S. interests would best served by a foreign policy of	involvement in world affairs.	support for democratic revolutions.	expansion into South America.	isolation from European affairs.	alliances with nations that support U.S. growth.	D
962	us_history	Dred Scott believed that he was entitled to freedom because he lived for a period of time in	unsettled territory in the West.	Illinois, which had been organized under the Northwest Ordinance.	Massachusetts, which had abolished slavery.	Kansas, which was being organized under the policy of popular sovereignty.	Missouri, where he had been born.	B
963	us_history	Which of the following statements regarding the Confederate army's firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 is true?	Abraham Lincoln had previously sent troops to defend the fort.	Jefferson Davis had offered to protect the ship that came to rescue the Union soldiers.	Abraham Lincoln had previously decided to abandon the fort.	Abraham Lincoln had previously sent supplies without extensive military protection.	Jefferson Davis had left the decision to fire upon the fort up to the troops in Charleston, South Carolina.	D
964	us_history	The films Birth of a Nation, directed by D. W. Griffith, and Gone with the Wind, based on a novel by Margaret Mitchell, are similar in that they both	revolutionized the way silent films were made.	presented the Old South in ways sympathetic to the former slaveholding class.	were rejected by the public but were appreciated by critics for their artistry.	dealt with the tensions and conflicts of the Revolutionary War era.	offered escapism to the poor during the Great Depression.	B

860

us_history

European exploration of the Americas resulted in all of the following EXCEPT the

introduction of new products to the Americas.

spread of European diseases, such as smallpox, to the Native Americans.

introduction of new products to Europe.

development of unified resistance by the Native Americans to European settlement.

mixed-race peoples in Mexico and Central America.

D

861

us_history

The Maryland Act of Toleration, passed in 1649, was significant in that it

provided religious freedom to Christians.

provided religious freedom to Catholics only.

provided for the just treatment of Native Americans.

provided religious freedom for Catholics, Jews, and Quakers.

allowed atheists to deny the existence of God.

A

862

us_history

The Battle of Saratoga was considered the turning point of the American Revolution because it

demonstrated America's naval superiority.

signaled the end of loyalist support for Great Britain.

led to an alliance between Spain and the colonies.

prompted France to enter the war in support of the colonies.

resulted in the defeat of General Howe.

D

863

us_history

"We demand that all immigrants to the United States reside here at least 14 years before they may apply for citizenship." Which party advocated the above idea as its main political position?

The Know-Nothing Party

The Whig Party

The Free Soil Party

The Democratic Party

The National Republican Party

A

864

us_history

Lincoln fired General George McClellan because he

marched through Georgia destroying crops and homes.

would not cross the Mississippi into Vicksburg.

was too timid to engage the enemy.

did not train the troops properly.

refused to charge up Little Roundtop at Gettysburg.

C

865

us_history

"Sod busters" was a nickname given to

New England settlers in the 1600s.

cotton growers in Texas in the 1840s and 1850s.

frontier farmers on the Great Plains in the 1860s and 1870s.

Dust Bowl farmers in the 1930s.

Eastern farmers who were displaced by suburban development in the 1950s.

C

866

us_history

The phrase "Speak softly and carry a big stick," originally referred to

President Theodore Roosevelt's policy in regard to Latin America.

President John F. Kennedy's policy in regard to Vietnam.

President Andrew Jackson's policy in regard to Native American nations.

President George H. W. Bush's policy in regard to Saudi Arabia.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy in regard to the Soviet Union.

A

867

us_history

Rosie the Riveter was a symbol of the

participation of women in the war effort during World War II.

Women's Liberation Movement of the 1960s.

new fashions for women that became popular in the 1950s.

participation of women in the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s.

change that had occurred as a result of women's suffrage.

A

868

us_history

The "War on Poverty" was an attempt by

President Richard Nixon to aid Latin American nations.

President Lyndon Johnson to end hunger and economic hardship in the United States.

President John F. Kennedy to aid the developing world by organizing the Peace Corps.

George Marshall to feed the people of Europe after World War II.

President Dwight Eisenhower to reduce the number of people on welfare.

B

869

us_history

George W. Bush defined the "axis of evil" as

Iran, Iraq, and China.

Iraq, Afghanistan, and Russia.

Iraq, Russia, and China.

North Korea, China, and Iraq.

Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.

E

870

us_history

Which events are correctly paired to reflect cause and effect?

The influx of Quakers to Maryland-the passage of the Maryland Act of Toleration

The expulsion of Roger Williams from Massachusetts Bay Colony-the founding of Connecticut

The development of the head-right system for acquiring land and workers-the development of slavery in South Carolina

William and Mary's ascension to the throne in England-the overthrow of the Dominion of New England

Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop's Indian Policies-the breakout of Bacon's Rebellion

D

871

us_history

The War of 1812 has often been called the "Second War of Independence" because it

ended the British presence in North America.

resulted in the adoption of a national anthem.

marked the development of the U. S. Navy.

marked the last major conflict between England and the United States.

resulted in the acquisition of new lands to further United States expansion.

D

872

us_history

The Whig Party, which existed 1833-1854, supported all of the following EXCEPT

rechartering the Second Bank of the United States.

raising tariffs to protect U.S. industry.

admitting Texas to the United States in 1844.

funding internal improvements, such as canals and roads.

Henry Clay for president in 1844.

C

874

us_history

Mechanization of agriculture in the late 1800s

brought unparalleled prosperity to U.S. farmers.

drove down prices of agricultural goods.

was ineffective at raising the output of farms.

was confined largely to New England.

was funded primarily by the federal government.

B

875

us_history

The Progressive movement's most significant impact on American society was

eliminating corruption in the political system.

convincing large segments of the working class to support socialist ideas.

establishing that federal legislation can be used to regulate business.

putting the issue of civil rights for African Americans on the national agenda.

setting the United States on an isolationist course.

C

876

us_history

Frank Capra was a Depression-era film director whose artistic response to the Great Depression could best be described as

elaborate musicals, such as Gold Diggers of 1933, with lavish dance numbers and opulent sets, which suggested that better times were just around the corner.

earnest films, such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, which suggested that the problems of the era could be solved by old-fashioned values rather than sweeping political or economic change.

bright, animated films, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which offered Americans an escape from the drudgery of daily life.

zany comedies, such as Duck Soup, which created an anarchic world that mocked authority at a time when traditional authorities seemed to be unable to provide answers to the day's problems.

gritty gangster movies, such as The Public Enemy, which presented a lonely, often cruel world of urban decay and violence.

B

877

us_history

Herbert Hoover reacted to the Depression of 1929 by

doing nothing.

encouraging unions to organize.

establishing extensive federal relief programs to meet the emergency.

building Hoovervilles to shelter the homeless in all the large cities.

providing loans to industry to restart production.

E

879

us_history

The midterm congressional elections of 1994 were significant because

the Democratic Party gained control of Congress.

the Republican Party gained control of Congress.

the same political party gained control of the executive and legislative branch.

it led to bipartisan support for the Contract With America.

18-year-olds were given the right to vote in federal elections.

B

880

us_history

Which of the following statements is true of the encomienda system, established by the Spanish in the New World?

Settlers were given 50 acres of land, as well as 50 acres for every person whose passage they paid to the New World.

Colonies existed for the good of the mother country.

African slaves were brought to the New World to labor on plantations.

The system resulted in the exploitation of the Native American population by the Spanish.

The mother country exported more than it imported, creating a favorable balance of trade.

D

881

us_history

The Great Compromise, agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention,

established the executive branch of government.

established a two-house legislative branch of government.

established the judicial branch of government.

provided for the direct election of Senators by the voters.

stipulated that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of taxation and representation.

B

882

us_history

"Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came." -Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, 1865 Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the above quote?

The North was to blame for the war.

The South wanted to fight a war more than it wanted to preserve slavery.

The North wanted the South to perish.

The war started due to the actions of both sides.

Both sides wanted to preserve the union.

D

883

us_history

In the second half of the 19th century, mining went from being an endeavor dominated by individual prospectors to one dominated by a few large corporations because

the children of prospectors lost interest in mining and sold their operations to corporations.

insurance and licensing fees were beyond the reach of most individuals.

the machinery required for extracting ore cost more than most prospectors could afford.

the transportation costs of shipping ore became too great for individual prospectors.

most of the prospectors were drafted into the Union army during the Civil War.

C

884

us_history

The temperance movement of the 19th century

attracted little popular support.

found a strong ally in the Democratic Party.

rejected appeals to people's sense of morality.

achieved its ultimate goal by the turn of the 20th century.

had a strong appeal among women.

E

885

us_history

The Harlem Renaissance can best be described as

a movement to gain equal access to public accommodations.

an urban renewal project in northern Manhattan.

a project to preserve 19th-century buildings and artifacts made by free African Americans.

a self-conscious effort by African Americans to promote their literature, music, and art.

a movement for racial integration in northern Manhattan.

D

886

us_history

Sarge, I'm only eighteen, I got a ruptured spleen and I always carry a purse. I got eyes like a bat, my feet are flat, and my asthma's getting worse. Which of the following is an accurate statement about this 1964 song by Phil Ochs, "Draft Dodger Rag"?

It encouraged young men to burn their draft cards.

It encouraged young men to evade the draft by fleeing to Canada.

It was a humorous song lacking any serious content.

It encouraged an antimilitary attitude.

It encouraged organized protest.

D

887

us_history

C. Everett Koop, President Reagan's Surgeon General, made headlines when he

called for an end to the war on drugs.

resigned in protest of Ronald Reagan's environmental policies.

changed the labeling on foods to show daily requirements.

launched a major campaign to prevent smoking.

called for new meat-inspection laws to prevent outbreaks of coli.

D

888

us_history

When President George H. W. Bush spoke of a New World Order, he was referring to

the results of the "war to end all wars."

agreements among China, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War.

the signing of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and among improved relations among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

the importance of the United Nations as a force to settle international disputes after the fall of the Soviet Union.

E

889

us_history

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of differences between immigration patterns in the late 19th century and late 20th century?

A backlash developed against the more recent immigrants, while the older immigrants were universally welcomed.

The more recent immigrants were primarily from Asia and Latin America, while the older immigrants were primarily from Europe.

The older immigrants were less educated than the more recent immigrants.

The more recent immigrants were taking jobs away from people in the United States, while the older immigrants did not.

The more recent immigrants flocked to cities, while the older immigrants flocked to rural areas.

B

890

us_history

The Virginia House of Burgesses and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were similar in that both

provided for direct democracy.

provided for representative democracy.

symbolized the independent spirit that existed in the American colonies.

provided for universal male suffrage.

were independent of the British government.

B

891

us_history

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were similar in that they both

advocated a balance between states' rights and a strong central government.

supported the Bank of the United States.

believed in rotation of public offices.

used the elastic clause to justify actions they had taken.

believed that the people were capable of making a decision if they were educated and informed.

D

892

us_history

"We are opposed to the extension of slavery because it diminishes the productive powers of its population…. It is an obstacle to compact settlements and to every general system of public institution. [If slavery goes into the territories] the free labor of all the states will not…. [I]f the free labor of all the states goes there, the slave labor of the southern states will not, and in a few years the country will teem with an active and energetic population." -Editorial, New York Evening Post, 1847 Why will free labor not go where there is slavery, according to the above excerpt?

African Americans are inferior.

Free laborers are morally opposed to slavery.

Slaves work too hard and would force out free laborers.

Slaves prevent the growth of productive communities.

Free laborers do not want to work next to slaves.

D

893

us_history

Helen Hunt Jackson's 1881 book, A Century of Dishonor, chronicled the

mistreatment of Chinese laborers working on the transcontinental railroad.

government's record of broken treaties and promises in regard to Native Americans.

destruction of the ecology of the West by settlers and big business.

conditions on cotton plantations before the Civil War.

history of Spanish misdeeds in Cuba before the Spanish-American War.

B

894

us_history

The 17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators), the initiative, and the recall were all intended to

break up the power of municipal political machines, such as Tammany Hall.

empower the government to challenge big business.

extend civil rights to African Americans.

give the people more power in the democratic process.

relieve the suffering of the poor.

D

895

us_history

Eugene V. Debs and Robert M. La Follette were similar in that both

opposed U.S. involvement in World War II.

ran for president on third-party tickets.

rejected sweeping challenges to the status quo.

were arrested under the Espionage Act during World War I.

served in Franklin D. Roosevelt's cabinet.

B

896

us_history

As part of President Franklin Roosevelt's plan to fight the Great Depression, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was passed to

replace the New Deal farm price supports, which had been declared unconstitutional.

help raise the prices of farm goods so that farmers could survive the Depression.

provide new equipment so farmers could grow more crops.

give loans to farmers who planted crops that were needed in cities.

ensure that all farmers who wanted to relocate to more fertile land could move without difficulty.

B

897

us_history

The Smith Act of 1940 and the McCarran Act of 1950 are similar in that they both

were used to hamper the activities of the Communist Party.

aided the development of suburbs.

checked the power of large corporations.

were milestones in the struggle for civil rights for African Americans.

expanded the rights of people accused of crimes.

A

898

us_history

When Gerald Ford said "the long national nightmare is over," he was referring to the end of the

Vietnam War.

Cold War.

Iran Hostage Crisis.

Watergate Scandal.

Savings and Loan Crisis.

D

899

us_history

In his first year in office, President Ronald Reagan

initiated a famous 100 days of intense legislative activity.

began his program of trading arms for hostages.

fired air traffic controllers who refused to end their strike for shorter hours and higher pay.

invaded Iran to force the return of American hostages.

launched an invasion of Cuba.

C

900

us_history

The Mayflower Compact can best be characterized as

the first written constitution in the New World.

a peace accord that settled competing territorial claims between the Puritans and Native Americans.

the colonial government in Massachusetts Bay Colony.

a statement of religious principles.

a formal agreement signed by the Puritans that created a democratic process.

E

901

us_history

null

wanted a railroad to the West that would start in Chicago.

wanted votes from Easterners for a future presidential run.

wanted to expand farming because he was for the Homestead Act.

wanted to please the South by opening up more land for cotton farming.

opposed slavery.

A

902

us_history

"Our government's foundations are laid; its cornerstone rests upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man, that slavery and subordination to the superior race is his natural and moral condition. This, our new government, is the first in the history of the world based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth…. Our Confederacy is founded upon principles in strict conformity with these laws. This stone, which was rejected by the first builders, has become the chief stone of the new corner in our edifice." -Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederacy, March 21, 1861 Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of Alexander Stephens's statement?

Slavery would gradually end without interference from the North.

Ancient Greece and Rome were wrong to have supported slavery.

The Founding Fathers were correct on all substantive issues.

Slavery was the proper philosophical basis for the Confederacy.

Southerners seceded for primarily economic reasons.

D

903

us_history

A major factor leading to U.S. imperialism in the 1890s was

a political shift as the Democratic Party gained power at the expense of the Republican Party.

the opportunity created for the United States as European powers began to move away from imperialist expansion and focus on internal development.

the desire for new markets as industrial production outpaced domestic consumption.

the need to find new lands to absorb the expanding population of the United States.

a desire for fertile land, as farmland on the American mainland was becoming depleted.

C

904

us_history

Which of the following did not reinforce white supremacist notions of race relations in the United States?

The Plessy v. Ferguson decision

The D. W. Griffith film, Birth of a Nation

The Dred Scott v. Sanford decision

The Niagara Movement

The Dixiecrat Party

D

905

us_history

A major function of the Federal Reserve System, established in 1913, was to

regulate the money supply.

balance the budget.

encourage industrial development.

regulate the stock market.

regulate foreign trade.

A

906

us_history

Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to pack the Supreme Court in 1937 because

the justices were too inexperienced to deal with the Great Depression.

the court had declared some New Deal legislation unconstitutional.

Roosevelt felt that Congress had become more powerful than the president.

the court refused to allow the president to implement the Lend-Lease Act.

the court had demonstrated liberal tendencies in interpreting the New Deal legislation.

B

907

us_history

The Senate passed a censure motion against Senator Joseph McCarthy in the wake of

accusations of financial impropriety.

hearings that implicated high-ranking members of the military.

the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.

the Supreme Court's opinion on the constitutionality of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

the U.S. entry into the Korean War.

B

908

us_history

The Immigration Act of 1965 was significant in that it

opened the door to many non-European immigrants.

used racial criteria for the first time as a basis for admission to the United States.

favored Northern and Western Europeans.

excluded unskilled workers.

used IQ tests as a criterion for admission to the United States.

A

909

us_history

U.S. forces in Vietnam used Agent Orange primarily to

counteract the effects of poisons used by the Vietcong.

camouflage movement in the jungle.

interrogate Vietcong prisoners.

destroy the natural cover used by the Vietcong guerrillas.

prevent the diseases carried by the insects of Vietnam.

D

910

us_history

One of the major reasons for the development of political parties in the 1790s was that

Jefferson and Madison had developed a personal dislike for one another.

support for the French Revolution eroded Washington's power.

the Alien and Sedition Acts had reduced the number of immigrants entering the United States.

differences had developed concerning the interpretation of the Constitution.

The Articles of Confederation had created a weak central government.

D

911

us_history

Key components of Henry Clay's American system included

a strict interpretation of the Constitution and rapid western expansion.

high protective tariffs and internal improvements.

the development of Southern industry and Northern agriculture.

the elimination of export taxes and of the slave trade.

government ownership of railroads and canals.

B

912

us_history

Scalawag was a derogatory term used by

abolitionists to describe slave catchers in the 1850s.

whites in the South to describe other Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction.

Republicans to describe Federalists who cooperated with the British during the War of 1812.

Westerners to describe white settlers who argued for fair treatment of Native Americans in the 1870s.

union members to describe workers who crossed a picket line during the labor conflicts of the Gilded Age.

B

913

us_history

José Marti and Emilio Aguinaldo are similar in that both

fought against U.S. forces in their respective countries.

served as governors of U.S. protectorates.

led nationalist movements in their respective countries.

signed treaties allowing the United States to have a military presence in their respective countries.

were leaders of the Organization of American States.

C

914

us_history

In the 1908 Muller v. Oregon decision, the Supreme Court

upheld the use of the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up trusts.

forbade states from regulating railroad rates for routes between states.

held that worker-protection laws do not violate the constitutional rights of employers.

upheld segregation laws, if both sets of facilities are equal to one another.

ruled that the government has the right to limit speech if a clear and present danger exists.

C

915

us_history

The passage of the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 and the movement to prevent the teaching of evolution in public schools in the 1920s could best be seen as

conservative responses to social change.

Marxist responses to economic dislocation.

liberal responses to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan.

Democratic responses to the success of the Republican Party.

feminist responses to Victorian morality.

A

916

us_history

As the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus to the North and issues of de facto segregation, which of the following became a central issue?

Separate lunch counters for African Americans and whites

Segregation in department store fitting rooms

Blacks and whites living in separate neighborhoods

Discrimination in waiting rooms in interstate bus stations

Requiring blacks and whites to use separate water fountains

C

917

us_history

The Supreme Court decisions Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona are significant in that they

expanded the rights of people accused of crimes.

made participation in the political system easier for African Americans.

strengthened the separation of church and state.

established the principle of equal pay for equal work.

ensured free speech during wartime.

A

918

us_history

President Jimmy Carter broke from previous U.S. administrations in foreign policy by

promising to "walk softly and carry a big stick" in his dealings with Latin American nations.

vowing to halt communist expansion in Asia.

pursuing a policy of détente with the Soviet Union.

linking U.S. aid to foreign nations to improvements in human rights.

signing a new treaty with Panama extending U.S. control of the Canal Zone.

D

919

us_history

All of the following were initiatives of Clinton administration except the

Brady Gun Control Bill, which regulated handgun ownership.

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which reformed the welfare system.

Camp David Accords for peace between Israel and Egypt.

commitment of 20,000 troops to Haiti to support President Bertrande Aristide.

Dayton Accords for a peace settlement in Serbia.

C

920

us_history

Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, supported the idea that

civil authority should be separated from church authority.

church leaders should be the leaders of the colonies.

the Native American population should be resettled to the West.

the theocracy that existed in Massachusetts Bay should be extended to other colonies.

women should enjoy equal rights with men.

A

921

us_history

President Andrew Jackson vetoed the Bank Recharter Bill because he

was a Democrat and it was a Whig measure.

disagreed with the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison.

believed that paper money was the most important element for economic success.

was opposed to the bank's monopolistic power, calling it a "monster."

believed it was too late to bring up the question.

D

922

us_history

"The government, Sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. It is not the creature of the state legislatures; nay more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties …. The people, then, Sir, erected this government. They gave it a constitution, and in the constitution they have enumerated powers which they bestow on it." From Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" What argument was Daniel Webster responding to in the above passage?

The theory that the people were the source of power in the Constitution

The theory that the tariff was unconstitutional

The Compact Theory that the states were sovereign

The Theory of Perpetual Union that the union had existed before the Constitution

The theory that sovereignty rests in the general government

C

923

us_history

The Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882, had the effect of

exempting China from participation in the League of Nations.

dividing China into "spheres of influence."

banning most Chinese people from immigrating to the United States.

establishing the "open-door policy" in regard to trade with China.

raising tariffs on goods from China.

C

924

us_history

The establishment of standard time zones occurred

at the time of the American Revolution to standardize measurements in the new nation.

in the 1880s to facilitate scheduling of railroad lines.

during World War I to coordinate the war effort better.

in the 1920s to allow for the coordination of nationally broadcast radio shows.

as part of the New Deal efforts at modernization.

B

925

us_history

Among the key components of President Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal" program were

a national bank and internal improvements.

unemployment insurance and relief for poor families.

opposition to U.S. imperialism and autonomy for Latin American nations.

regulation of trusts and consumer protection.

racial integration in public facilities and voting rights for African Americans.

D

926

us_history

Black Tuesday is a significant day in U.S. history because it marks the beginning of

U.S. involvement in World War II in 1941.

the Depression of 1929.

the atomic age with the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945.

World War I in 1914.

the great blackout in New York City in 1976.

B

927

us_history

The increased membership in the NAACP and CORE during World War II resulted from the

discriminatory job practices against African Americans during World War II.

Black Power movement, which had developed after World War I.

establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Commission.

addition of Mexicans and women to the workforce during World War II.

preference for Native American recruits over African American recruits during World War II.

A

928

us_history

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to

rebuild European economies with a recovery program.

assist the agricultural economies of Latin America.

give aid to those communist nations that agreed to adopt democracy.

provide military aid to South Vietnam.

place Japan under a "nuclear umbrella."

A

929

us_history

Two significant events that occurred during the administration of Ronald Reagan were

the removal of the Berlin Wall and the break-up of the Soviet Union.

the Camp David Accords and Declaration of Human Rights.

Watergate scandal and the overture to China.

the end of the Iran hostage crisis and the invasion of Grenada.

War on Poverty and the first major escalation of the Vietnam War.

D

930

us_history

Which of the following contributed to the economic development of the colonies during the 1600s? I. The addition of slavery as a source of labor II. The growth of trade and commerce due to good harbors and an extensive river system III. The British policy of salutary neglect IV. The development of universal manhood suffrage V. The Great Awakening

I, II, III, IV, and V

I, II, and III

I, II, and V

III, IV, and V

I, III, and V

B

932

us_history

In the post-Reconstruction South, the economic arrangement known as sharecropping involved

groups of freed African American laborers working for wages on large plantations.

agricultural workers signing contracts that bound them to a particular plantation for a period of time.

former slaves being granted ownership rights to tracts of land that had previously been owned by slaveholders.

landowners dividing up their land and allowing growers to use plots of land in exchange for a portion of the yearly yield.

the gradual transition from a purely cash-crop agricultural economy to a mixed economy of farming and manufacturing.

D

933

us_history

The Mugwumps were Republican leaders who left the Republican Party in 1884 and supported the Democratic Party because they were

angry with the Republican Party for not taking a stand against the spread of Jim Crow policies in the Southern states.

offered cabinet positions if the Democrat Grover Cleveland won the presidential election.

disappointed with the Republican presidential candidate's history of corruption.

weary of the Republican Party's opposition to immigration.

disgusted with the violence that had been done to the Native Americans of the Great Plains.

C

934

us_history

The Social Security Act of 1935 was important in that it

offered direct relief to eligible unemployed and disabled individuals.

reformed the existing federal unemployment insurance system.

created a new agency to monitor investment in the securities industry.

provided relief for businesses in financial trouble as a result of the Depression.

succeeded in relieving the problems of the banking system.

A

935

us_history

All of the following are reasons for the anti-immigrant sentiment that resulted in the quota system of the 1920s EXCEPT

the demand for unskilled labor in American factories decreased as World War I ended.

many Americans perceived that anarchists and socialists were immigrating from Europe and contributing to social unrest in the United States.

racist ideas that held Jews, Slavs, and Italians as inferior gained credence in the United States.

some Protestants feared that the United States would change for the worse because of the influx of Catholics and Jews.

immigrants often took positions as indentured servants, which undermined the earning potential of American wage workers.

E

936

us_history

As a result of the Proclamation of Neutrality issued by the United States in 1939, the United States

favored the Axis powers.

established a "cash-and-carry" system of trade with belligerent nations.

withdrew from the League of Nations.

was criticized by the Allies and Axis powers alike.

joined the European powers in appeasing Germany.

B

937

us_history

The immediate cause of U.S. military involvement in the Korean peninsula in 1950 was the

crossing of the Yalu River by the Chinese "volunteers."

Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

creation of the DMZ (demilitarized zone) along the 38th parallel.

acquisition of a nuclear weapons by North Korea.

attack by North Korea on South Korea.

E

938

us_history

As a result of President Truman's insistence that the Democratic Party include a civil rights plank in its 1948 platform,

substantial numbers of white voters abandoned the Democratic Party, allowing the Republican Party to win the general election that November.

Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act within the next four years.

African American activists, encouraged that civil rights were becoming part of the national debate, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Martin Luther King Jr. was encouraged to organize the March on Washington.

many Southern Democrats, or Dixiecrats, left the Democratic convention and formed the States' Rights Democratic Party.

E

939

us_history

The Pentagon Papers contained information on all of the following presidents EXCEPT

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Richard Nixon.

Lyndon Johnson.

Jimmy Carter.

John Kennedy.

D

940

us_history

Columbus, Magellan, and Balboa were similar in that

their voyages were all sponsored by the Spanish government.

they sailed across the Pacific Ocean.

they were killed by native inhabitants of North America.

they accumulated great personal wealth as a result of their explorations.

they found an all-water route to the East.

A

941

us_history

The delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed that

Congress would not interfere with the importation of slaves for 20 years.

an import duty could not be placed on slaves brought into the United States.

the government was not permitted to tax imports.

slaves were to be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation but not for the purposes of taxation.

slavery was not to be prohibited in any territory acquired by the United States in the future.

A

942

us_history

"The manhood of the slave is conceded. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write." -Frederick Douglass, 1852 Why did Douglass point out that there were laws against teaching slaves to read?

To show that the Southern statute books were unfair

To show that since only humans can read, slaves were human

To warn slaves that they were in danger of fines and penalties if they learned to read

To concede that the Southerners had control of the slaves

To show that the laws would not be obeyed

B

943

us_history

All of the following are considered factors in the collapse of Reconstruction in the 1870s EXCEPT

many Northerners simply lost interest in the issues and problems of the South.

a compromise following the disputed election of 1876 committed the Republican Party to withdrawing the last troops from the South.

the South had largely complied with the goals of Reconstruction, and the Radical Republicans felt satisfied that fairness and equality would exist in the South.

the Democrats in the South grew increasingly aggressive in asserting their right to run the governments of the Southern states.

many of the leading Radical Republicans, who had guided Congressional Reconstruction, had died by the 1870s.

C

944

us_history

The Bessemer process, which was important in the industrial growth of the United States in the second half of the 19th century, involved

using time-and-motion studies to streamline production and eliminate inefficiencies.

moving a product from worker to worker by a conveyor belt as it is being manufactured.

injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and produce steel inexpensively.

connecting the various sites of an operation by telegraph wires to facilitate communication.

mass-producing interchangeable parts to decrease dependence on skilled craftspeople.

C

945

us_history

Railroads challenged several of the "Granger laws" in court, claiming that they were unconstitutional. The Supreme Court rejected this claim in Munn v. Illinois on the grounds that

regulating business activities for the public good is a legitimate power of the states.

criticizing corporate activities is protected by the 1st Amendment.

the principle of eminent domain should only be applied if an overriding public need is involved.

railroad companies were not considered "citizens" and only citizens can initiate lawsuits.

contracts between the states and individuals or corporations are binding.

A

947

us_history

All of the following events contributed to Cold War tensions EXCEPT the

rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the isolationist Senate.

U.S. airlift of food to the citizens of Berlin.

massive economic support for Western Europe through the Marshall Plan.

united support of the Greek monarchy in 1947.

the establishment of the defensive North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

A

948

us_history

Napalm, a focus of antiwar protests during the Vietnam War, was

an explosive weapon that divided into parts, killing many people.

a nerve gas that paralyzed the enemy.

a drug used to interrogate prisoners.

a weapon that burst into flames after adhering to its victim.

a class of biological weapons that caused rare diseases.

D

949

us_history

The McCain-Feingold Bill

provided for banking reform and set up the FDIC.

introduced campaign finance reform by limiting soft-money contributions to political parties and prohibiting advocacy ads.

built thousands of miles of interstate highways after World War II.

prevented the president from sending troops to a foreign country for more than 60 days without a vote from Congress.

would have made Reconstruction the responsibility of the Congress rather than the president if Lincoln hadn't vetoed it.

B

950

us_history

The Neutrality Act of 1793, Jay's Treaty of 1795, and the Convention of 1800 were all similar in that they

were negotiated during the administration of George Washington.

ended the practice of impressment.

allowed the United States to navigate the Mississippi River freely.

were supported by the people of the United States.

delayed U.S. involvement in a war.

E

952

us_history

To become an artisan in the 1830s, one had to

study at a vocational school.

attend two years of university.

attend grammar school for five years.

join a union affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.

become an apprentice to a master craftsman.

E

953

us_history

As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Law stated that

all African Americans were slaves.

all African Americans suspected of being slaves should be brought to a trial by jury.

every accused African American had the right to a defense lawyer.

all citizens were responsible for catching fugitive slaves.

each state had to determine whether it would comply with the law.

D

954

us_history

The Credit Mobilier scandal of the 1870s and the Teapot Dome of the 1920s are similar in that they both demonstrate the

lack of government oversight over the savings and loan industry.

cutthroat political competition between the Democrat and Republican Parties, which has often resulted in underhanded campaign practices.

prevalence of corrupt municipal political machines in the United States.

tendency of an overzealous press to invent stories in order to sell newspapers.

willingness of politicians to accept bribes from large corporations in exchange for granting these corporations political favors.

E

955

us_history

Horizontal integration occurs in business when a company

acquires ownership or control over other companies in the same business.

controls all aspects of the production and distribution of its product.

creates locally owned franchises.

changes its ownership from a single proprietor to a board of directors.

uses scientific management techniques to increase efficiency.

A

956

us_history

The deployment of nuclear missiles to Cuba by the Soviet Union in 1962

displayed Soviet nuclear superiority over the United States.

prompted a blockade of Cuba by President Kennedy.

enabled Fidel Castro to establish a dictatorship.

helped Kennedy's re-election bid.

provoked the Bay of Pigs attack.

B

957

us_history

Buddhist monks set themselves on fire in 1963 as a protest against

French imperialism in Vietnam.

American support for Indonesian President Sukharno.

the puppet Diem regime in South Vietnam.

anti-Buddhist policies of the Communist leader Ho Chi Minh.

the Tet Offensive, because it broke a cease-fire.

C

958

us_history

Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney were lynched in Mississippi during Freedom Summer, when they were attempting to

secure the admission of African Americans to the state university.

desegregate city buses.

desegregate lunch counters.

integrate highway rest stops.

help African Americans register to vote.

E

959

us_history

When President Bill Clinton was tried by the Senate in 1999, it was necessary that

Hillary Rodham Clinton testify before the Judiciary Committee.

Bill Clinton appear before the Senate.

Chief Justice William Rehnquist preside over the impeachment trial.

Vice President Al Gore temporarily assume the presidency.

Kenneth Starr resign as Independent Counsel.

C

960

us_history

A major reason for the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1620 was to

provide freedom of worship for Quakers.

establish profitable businesses.

create a fully democratic government.

provide freedom of worship for Puritans.

establish a colony with complete separation of church and state.

D

961

us_history

According to Washington's Farewell Address, U.S. interests would best served by a foreign policy of

involvement in world affairs.

support for democratic revolutions.

expansion into South America.

isolation from European affairs.

alliances with nations that support U.S. growth.

D

962

us_history

Dred Scott believed that he was entitled to freedom because he lived for a period of time in

unsettled territory in the West.

Illinois, which had been organized under the Northwest Ordinance.

Massachusetts, which had abolished slavery.

Kansas, which was being organized under the policy of popular sovereignty.

Missouri, where he had been born.

B

963

us_history

Which of the following statements regarding the Confederate army's firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 is true?

Abraham Lincoln had previously sent troops to defend the fort.

Jefferson Davis had offered to protect the ship that came to rescue the Union soldiers.

Abraham Lincoln had previously decided to abandon the fort.

Abraham Lincoln had previously sent supplies without extensive military protection.

Jefferson Davis had left the decision to fire upon the fort up to the troops in Charleston, South Carolina.

D

964

us_history

The films Birth of a Nation, directed by D. W. Griffith, and Gone with the Wind, based on a novel by Margaret Mitchell, are similar in that they both

revolutionized the way silent films were made.

presented the Old South in ways sympathetic to the former slaveholding class.

were rejected by the public but were appreciated by critics for their artistry.

dealt with the tensions and conflicts of the Revolutionary War era.

offered escapism to the poor during the Great Depression.

B