id
stringlengths 40
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| title
stringlengths 3
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| context
stringlengths 152
3.36k
| question
stringlengths 1
296
| answers
dict | metadata
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8653fea401bd8ccaecc08b36ffe7192a26bbec51
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
Which of the following is not a natural resource: diamonds, oil, or buildings?
|
{
"text": [
"buildings"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
f2aa4ee7fff8a0ad767d2afe580c525cae374700
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
Which of the following is not purchased with foreign aid: buildings, armaments, or diamonds?
|
{
"text": [
"diamonds"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
ab25bcbeb6d07fb73549f13ce699d231c7611b90
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
What does a country use to protect themselves from outside threat?
|
{
"text": [
"armaments"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
c1daee91f9bb54b93ea643f7d371896fef9bb32e
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
What would a normal citizen be harshly punished for?
|
{
"text": [
"embezzlement"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
df5598ae7aa00e7f042f3a094b8d34fabb59b3cc
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
What is it called when an official steals money from the nation state they are working for?
|
{
"text": [
"embezzlement"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
59869dac2943d7ee06f067ca5585f7c6d32cc1fa
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
What might suggest that someone has stolen money in some way?
|
{
"text": [
"showy buildings and armaments"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5581cc920d0d876c88ae4616c355c2596c267d45
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
Outside of actual cash, how can corrupt politicians seek gains?
|
{
"text": [
"natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
70dbc0561da3815f87024ee87d112f2f96a63ccc
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
Oil is a type of?
|
{
"text": [
"natural resources"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
13a97b3b7a8a0ff4fd92b32f364b57451cb68621
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
The treasury is part of the?
|
{
"text": [
"governments"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
8abf9880e4932a5cc6bcbbea43394d3fab6ee6a0
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
Ill gotten money is considered to have been what?
|
{
"text": [
"embezzlement"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
b1ed235d711fb0b2d1be3dcfdb397a2d8cff0e65
|
Political_corruption
|
If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.
|
Which of the following is a form of kleptocracy: corruption, neologism, or echelons?
|
{
"text": [
"corruption"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
fdc35b62cd3dfb73d50508ec3f9696084a2c5d2a
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
what is OAS otherwise known?
|
{
"text": [
"Organization of American States"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
665138cada545769bce18c316c5172d1406560cb
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
AU refers to?
|
{
"text": [
"African Union"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
b99bf78c36c3ae2fd990bb1a2986a54b4fea6199
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
what international society came third?
|
{
"text": [
"United Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
1dde9b840acd01a295219b7680ab42f93da07537
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
What does the A in "OAS" stand for?
|
{
"text": [
"American"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
7eab5361d3fa9e2d1d84c19c2682c91f133ad0c1
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
What does the "O" in "OAS" stand for?
|
{
"text": [
"Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
6cb1d93994bd058332dbb90d2a605834c0d70c53
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
What does the O in "OAS" stand for?
|
{
"text": [
"Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
3c7512b46780d3c26763d2962f1fa823343196df
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
What does the S in "OAS" stand for?
|
{
"text": [
"States"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
68c4aa1284220408422cc74beecc2ac18dedcf3e
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
what wa welcomed by the mentioned societies?
|
{
"text": [
"Further conventions"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
ac597a4e8ab2b6f29ef89091b4deda1c246978b3
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
What does the "A" in "OAS" stand for?
|
{
"text": [
"American"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
0923824d5681c599b6bbf4eeb61037b3029999ca
|
Political_corruption
|
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
|
What does the "S" in "OAS" stand for?
|
{
"text": [
"States"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
524eae41a073cbf1b21d611155e138f64ce5b3f7
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What is a negative fact about the digital revolution?
|
{
"text": [
"new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
40cf320beb1f38b7d85d349dfc73218b01dbde56
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What has come from the internet?
|
{
"text": [
"new forms of Internet journalism"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
a5e537afa44e73c52732bc2f17532d5e65e5993f
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What effect has it had on necessary forms of income?
|
{
"text": [
"disrupted"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
1ee80df62506ae864b3c8be390d039103de9dced
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What thing happened before the point these stats are being accounted for?
|
{
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5cd8868fc6eb697f4d6e498bbc8fdee59c324007
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
How has it affected people?
|
{
"text": [
"The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
872688ba3409be8cd8f4c39c4069720afddfe9f6
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
what was greeted with mixed effects?
|
{
"text": [
"digital revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
d4034ee87afe8f06de70f2a781e9d471aa01c285
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
what is the subject?
|
{
"text": [
"mass media"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
aeb3987282e596a1df333f7f59943c1376aed845
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
internet is what?
|
{
"text": [
"mass media"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
52420fac044e7a8a3b7b3026a9ec77954fab0d2f
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What was used to make conclusions about internet growth?
|
{
"text": [
"analysis"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
6ccaee1df0112ecc0404937a42a13371d2207b7c
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
When caused a change in the media?
|
{
"text": [
"the growth of the Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
1329ed28c3d124d0dac86387d83d2382eaccda3b
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What type of news fails to fill the gap?
|
{
"text": [
"Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
711818013e68c4c42bde5bcd09787dd05bfbde56
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What right do people feel may be being abused?
|
{
"text": [
"freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press\""
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
910578d6d2a7e7c00fe090373520ac5390556309
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What is making the rights be debated?
|
{
"text": [
"growth of the Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
228aade4d6445c223b505732616fa27f1d9b94bb
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
what brought about freedom of information?
|
{
"text": [
"digital revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
16f930b697599b9de2622f38e0b107fe61529e8d
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What damaged mass media?
|
{
"text": [
"Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
bfe8ee0930ed97299431a0caf5e8472054ee0c87
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
What hasn't grown as well as another related type of growth?
|
{
"text": [
"freedom of the press"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5d683cb7d7808512dcf2a05ddbbf2a6089676645
|
Political_corruption
|
An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
|
How did the internet change the media?
|
{
"text": [
"The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
3933ff2b023f21411f8f0bfda00bf29ad4128edc
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
What ways does it describe one of the the two methods can do to be considered corrupt?
|
{
"text": [
"through budget planning and various privileges"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
7a9a3198fc1fb502e72a3436348f9af7c8e54df5
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
What does the judiciary branch depend on for budgeting?
|
{
"text": [
"the state"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
9ff6efe285b110d3d56ab48bf839e813ef1a443b
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Where is separation of powers less likely to be observed?
|
{
"text": [
"transitional and developing countries"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
8abd753aa0ef20c7df5697dfbf6bda960983711f
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Why is it problematic to have the executive branch control the judiciary's funding?
|
{
"text": [
"undermines the separation of powers"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
f8048b0294f3fb74ee0e745d0ab12de6c64653a5
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Government spending refers to which method of corruption?
|
{
"text": [
"the state"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
20c11a3990bb23a8bd6354d76cf95a3556bbf170
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
What is hard to eliminate?
|
{
"text": [
"Judicial corruption"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
b662c897d2a5c991545239412b48ca5c7b8605fd
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
If the state is completely open and honest, through what means might the judiciary still be corrupted?
|
{
"text": [
"the private"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
bddce9c9346176028b7a530d76afe8336440f452
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
What undermines the separation of powers?
|
{
"text": [
"the private"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
0e5219881bbb38972817ac51d098697d394ad0d6
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
What creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary?
|
{
"text": [
"the private"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
4751a3f52962ebfff2794f9f0c30844cf816ef76
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
What would national wealth distribution also have in it that is also the subject of the constitutional economics?
|
{
"text": [
"the government"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
b3d6b1814d3581f67efb20e34d43e6cdfa93d0a5
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
The budget of judiciary is controlled by the executive mostly, what is the end result of that?
|
{
"text": [
"Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
063740019af9ebe8660185e5816df9b5fe059b98
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Of the two ways the judiciary can be corrupted, which is sometimes controlled by an executive?
|
{
"text": [
"the state"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
3fc59f37c762ab627f3a300d4622a7cba4685bc0
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Where is not safe even so from corruption of the judicial?
|
{
"text": [
"Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
0fcfe75a5906d3a8e84ec218dee9f84a388edae3
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Budget is mainly in the power of which branch?
|
{
"text": [
"the executive"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5a4679ecbc0b1b4c183e80e14b3225ea4a1f89ba
|
Political_corruption
|
There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.
|
Where is the judicial branch more likely to have financial independence?
|
{
"text": [
"developed countries"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
006043d7f4dda80271b79e39ae89aa81999191e3
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
Who does wealth and power not help when corruption runs rampant?
|
{
"text": [
"citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
fde616a1dc05777b492c75ee87aed6d3c2993233
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
What does corruption in the government mean for society as a whole?
|
{
"text": [
"suffering"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
fcfda578a584cf3fcaa9f432f36f843414ca803b
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
What does a corrupt dictatorship concern about?
|
{
"text": [
"wealth and power"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
2dabbe75d2079761f0df39be57119a6614dac559
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
In what way does corruption help those in power?
|
{
"text": [
"to amass ever more wealth and power"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
4486f99bc35e5a2c1a9741fcf218cfcd601be207
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
What are most affected under a corrupt dictatorship?
|
{
"text": [
"economic and social problems"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
c33ae88d5f856b3a16d10e1ea65bc9f79501d3d0
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
Who does corruption of the government benefit?
|
{
"text": [
"dictators"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
079abe3e2acd6ac25a3242e8554f1291caf13140
|
Political_corruption
|
A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.
|
Who would want the corruption to end?
|
{
"text": [
"citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
c1155fed2ff066d42569e03c65cc459bdc14cb1b
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
The United States took what action after accusing Noriega?
|
{
"text": [
"invaded Panama"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
3590c709684aa2480081d3a313cc7c110e660a5a
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
What happened to Noriega?
|
{
"text": [
"captured"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
1b879ff52b4013ee2f7da8db38cb77ebeed91d27
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
Where did the invading force come from?
|
{
"text": [
"U.S"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5a47db532c24cc33da7e029573778d5fdb593934
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
How did panama benefit from the drug trade?
|
{
"text": [
"profiting"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
8c5ccace6084d6aee98936b02e5dab8e292a286b
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
What was the US on the lookout for in Panama?
|
{
"text": [
"illegal drug trade"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
08dbfe6e1c550b8ee89d79bc016fca2dd7dcad19
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
When the US said Panama's government was corrupt, what was the US doing?
|
{
"text": [
"accused"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
bab7da226a2fc07e0f273ce063faa90c3f9f5331
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
The government which profited on illegal drug trade could be described as politically?
|
{
"text": [
"corrupt"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
472c79a5386aff6749b6b48dfd658ccfd8d1419e
|
Political_corruption
|
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
|
Manuel Noriega represents?
|
{
"text": [
"Panama"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
e9de06a7797fb3415aa756f446ad2c324fb469fe
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
How many birds migrate in flocks?
|
{
"text": [
"most"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
25f654f58cf22f72ffad93ba465b0367b2da8480
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
While saving energy is a big benefit, which feathered animals experience another benefit of getting to their destination sooner?
|
{
"text": [
"Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
e124c8d00fa7f9ddc3171453e41f0eefef1b6507
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
What type of animal is most often seen traveling with friends?
|
{
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
a207f4fa3d64918563ad1fcb98df8d77cc7ddbdb
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
Flying with friends is less tiring for which type of feathered beings?
|
{
"text": [
"larger birds"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
aa07db8032a92ae09cb9dcb3644093f2c076b487
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
What species conserve energy by traveling together?
|
{
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
b7c5877f56349c3302fc96cfb833bef578c51135
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
For heavier feathered animals, how can traveling with friends be helpful?
|
{
"text": [
"reduces the energy cost"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
7a8167d51e2125dfe9aae033e4a8f6f7a4bd723e
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
What is dunlins Calidris alpina?
|
{
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5d73c17b0a4fd0bea78e1d21f6493727a27ebb1c
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
What is Red knots Calidris canutus?
|
{
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
82c40fe95f70a7cbb65ff853c2a6c959cd100b1f
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
Do large birds fly slower in flocks or when they are flying alone?
|
{
"text": [
"flying alone"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5c51f48ac19e445f27549ca3f0a34574c6e08052
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
What are Geese?
|
{
"text": [
"larger birds"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
97280a16393dda66a67a665b4a0277279f4ae29c
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
If a goose were feeling tired in the sky, how would it want to avoid traveling?
|
{
"text": [
"fly alone"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
e84718eb48599ac5d6550b6095657e0bd428632d
|
Bird_migration
|
Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.
|
What species is the Red Knot Calidris Canutus?
|
{
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
187d47b507adf05df2f74095a558614b4bfd76fe
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
Who created this theory?
|
{
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
2d1e57bed09adce7b88e1067917fc54c9e73c10e
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
Who was not referred to as the Elder?
|
{
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
4ad3fc0249d349ab2d7ec9cccfd959611ab093d4
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
Where did a person agree with the other person about where the cranes went?
|
{
"text": [
"in his Historia Naturalis"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
f7aafbabdfaf5d47be46c8b1824bec860b3268c7
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
What specific word in one philosopher's name implies that he is old?
|
{
"text": [
"Elder"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
f5d5f14a5cd1bc55fc1e4d18bb0afe3007893b1e
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
Where did the moving things end up?
|
{
"text": [
"the Nile"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
fc35f36c61bbecd77b7cc8b9e84a9e78a49af68d
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
What went from one place to another?
|
{
"text": [
"cranes"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
25416678630c11362f75f6ec4066ca9515358a5f
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
What did Aristotle write that Pliny also observed?
|
{
"text": [
"cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
ba9772c40a57bb38cc82c46d081792a50d4a632b
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
Who did not write Historia Naturalis?
|
{
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
a9eb8940e2470b6b8c013c5497793cbbd5c34c95
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
What did Pliny write about the cranes in his Historia Naturalis?
|
{
"text": [
"cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
2d292a0591785e379cf52be3cbfd892c6e95d63f
|
Bird_migration
|
Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.
|
Who agreed with the person who noticed the cranes movement?
|
{
"text": [
"Pliny the Elder"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
973b37db9de8c7b254b08ba29c9ba68ceed869d8
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
The migrants in the same family are considered to be what?
|
{
"text": [
"long-distance"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
f145de6e93b8912be5a1e89cb472bbedba2bd7c4
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
Where do the migrations occur
|
{
"text": [
"northern hemisphere"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
f3303e1c46c3e84c356526df9dda89f4fa6eadac
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
The beginnings of the short-distance evolution is also called what one word?
|
{
"text": [
"origins"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
abac61eea321734a2986c5062a3272d4ede5309d
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
The shortening of the return of migration has what?
|
{
"text": [
"progressively shortened"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
8d15cb95f0640839c9a6f1dda6f474f0ede4b0c5
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
What mix in the short-distance migrants?
|
{
"text": [
"long-distance migrants"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
99ffb56329f8e7b3187cb0dac762b5185c72a751
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
What is a characteristic of chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita?
|
{
"text": [
"passerine"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
5d913e81d7fb65df3730dcfce2cab9c19bc10912
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
Where are the long-distance migrants from?
|
{
"text": [
"southern hemisphere"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
87f0e1d1625e7d1af0b31bddb549ddc37f9fb06e
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
Which birds have southern hemisphere origins?
|
{
"text": [
"long-distance migrants"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
ac1a15e7e37a728ea9dee9a2401d5a69c19e845a
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
Where do they not go back too
|
{
"text": [
"southern hemisphere"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
10ce9f8f2c8d8cecef86994f3ae888a29d2f944b
|
Bird_migration
|
Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.
|
Where did the long distance ones come from
|
{
"text": [
"southern hemisphere"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
{
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
}
|
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