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“A Poet Ther Was”: Chaucer's Voices in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales by Barbara Nolan In his General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales , Chaucer presents three major attempts at authorial voicing. Through the voices of “clerk,” pilgrim, and Harry Bailly, he explores poet's roles limits poetry. A clerkly voice, assuming authority a philosopher, speaks opening eighteen lines. who occupies privileged position among voices, guides central section Prologue, as defines complex, tenuous, dialogic relationship with materials—the other pilgrims mortal world. last voices—Harry Bailly's—introduces theory poetry mirthful distraction, unmoored in quest for truth. Chaucer's multivoiced exploration poetic dramatizes wide range medieval attitudes toward purpose is not arrive “correct” notion but raise questions about what fiction language can cannot do. <eot>
Naturrechtsphilosophie und burokratischer Werthorizont. Studien zur preussischen Geistes- und Sozialgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts by Joachim Whaley None <eot>
Disputes in late fifth- and sixth-century Gaul: some problems by Ian Wood|Wendy Davies|Paul Fouracre The procedures for settling disputes in the great law courts of Roman empire are well known. For fourth and fifth centuries Codex Theodosianus provides an invaluable guide. Similarly books provide a key to legal processes Germanic kingdoms, whilst specific cases recorded documents known modern historians as placita, which survive, particularly north Francia, from seventh century onwards. Despite absence such earlier periods, it has been suggested with reason that placitum developed out charter. Nevertheless is worth noting development placitum, like charter itself, can only be inferred not demonstrated directly. It may significant no genuine specimen Merovingian kingdom before 625 surviving examples come relatively new monastic world northern well-established urban administrative centres south. towns were undoubtedly less important than their southern counterparts all probability rôle local administration was correspondingly significant. Moreover monasteries region young, powerful rural, particular interest upholding remnants city-based system Gaul. These factors part explain emergence early century; if so, they illustration need place procedure general context. <eot>
Shorter Notice by Stuart Airlie Journal Article Shorter Notice Get access STUART AIRLIE Merton ColleèOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CI, Issue CCCXCIX, April 1986, Pages 467–468, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CI.CCCXCIX.467 Published: 01 1986 <eot>
Xanten: Essen: Koln: Untersuchungen zur Nordgrenze des Althochdeutschen an niederrheinischen Personennamen des neunten bis elften Jahrhunderts by K. L. Hibbert|Heinrich Tiefenbach None <eot>
M. Torelli, Lavinio e Roma. Riti iniziatici e matrimonio tra archeologia e storia. Rome: Quasar, 1984. Pp. 264, 45 illus. (incl. pls, text figs). ISBN 88-85020-55-0. by M. N. S. Sellers An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above information on how to content. <eot>
The third book of the<i>Bella Parisiacae Urbis</i>by Abbo of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and its Old English gloss by Patrizia Lendinara A certain ‘Descidia Parisiace polis’, which can safely be identified with the work of Abbo Saint-Germain-des-Prés now commonly known as Bella Parisiacae Urbis , is listed among books given by Æthelwold to monastery Peterborough. We shall never know if Æthelwold's gift corresponds any surviving manuscripts Abbo's poem – though probably it does not but inventory gives evidence popularity his in England. In following pages I consider genesis and successive fortune provide a new assessment value . This necessary first step understanding reasons for success specifically its third book England, witnessed number English containing Latin text Old gloss was added this small, intriguing work. <eot>
The Romancero and Guillén de Castro's Nacimiento de Montesinos by Janet Falk Guillén de Castro's cultivation of the Romancero, long apparent in his masterpiece Las mocedades del Cid, may be found even an early work, El nacimiento Montesinos. Muchas veces oí decir and Cata Francia, Montesinos, two ballads about were published repeatedly various romanceros circulated oral tradition. The widespread diffusion these romances undoubtedly contributed to decision dramatize their narrative core. However, Nacimiento is not merely re-creation tale Montesinos; it draws from other Carolingian a secondary plot apparently based on yet another romance. central traditional texts serve as vehicle for Castro incorporate modifications which reflect contemporary social concern with honor. <eot>
Maximus Confessor. Selected writings. Translation and notes by G. C. Berthold. (The Classics of Western Spirituality.) Pp. xvi + 240. London: SPCK1985. £11.50. 0 281 04175 X by Jonathan Shepard None <eot>
Priesterbild und Reformpapsttum im 11. Jahrhundert by Thomas F. X. Noble|Johannes Laudage None <eot>
Holy Anorexia by Vern L. Bullough|William J. Davis|Rudolph M. Bell None <eot>
Santiago, Saint-Denis, and Saint Peter. The reception of the Roman liturgy in León-Castile in 1080. Edited by Bernard F. Reilly. Pp. xiti + 216 + ills. New York: Fordham University Press, 1985. $37.50. 0 8232 1125 8 - The Worlds of Alfonso the Learned and James the Conqueror. Intellect and force in the Middle Ages. Edited by Robert I. Burns, SJ. Pp. xxv + 232 inc. ills. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. £19.40. 0 691 05451 7 by Peter Linehan Santiago, Saint-Denis, and Saint Peter. The reception of the Roman liturgy in León-Castile 1080. Edited by Bernard F. Reilly. Pp. xiti + 216 ills. New York: Fordham University Press, 1985. $37.50. 0 8232 1125 8 - Worlds Alfonso Learned James Conqueror. Intellect force Middle Ages. Robert I. Burns, SJ. xxv 232 inc. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton £19.40. 691 05451 7 Volume 37 Issue 4 <eot>
G. R. Evans, The Language and Logic of the Bible: the Earlier Middle Ages. Cambridge, etc.: University Press, 1984. Pp. xix + 199. ISBN 0-521-26371-9. by Margaret Gibson An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above information on how to content. <eot>
Richard Hodges and David Whitehouse, Mohammed, Charlemagne & The Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983). Pp. 190. by George T. Scanlon Richard Hodges and David Whitehouse, Mohammed, Charlemagne &amp; The Origins of Europe: Archaeology the Pirenne Thesis (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983). Pp. 190. - Volume 18 Issue 4 <eot>
B. Maury, A. Raymond, J. Revault, M. Zakariya, Palais et maisons du Caire, Vol. II: Époque ottomane (XVIe—XVIIIe siècles), Groupe de Recherches et d'Etudes sur le Proche-Orient, Université de Provence (Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1983). Pp. 409. by Ülkü Ü. Bates B. Maury, A. Raymond, J. Revault, M. Zakariya, Palais et maisons du Caire, Vol. II: Époque ottomane (XVIe—XVIIIe siècles), Groupe de Recherches d'Etudes sur le Proche-Orient, Université Provence (Paris: Editions Centre National la Recherche Scientifique, 1983). Pp. 409. - Volume 18 Issue 4 <eot>
REVIEWS by G. D. KILPATRICK Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Lateinische Bibelhandschriften im Frühen Mittelalter. By BONIFATIUS FISCHER. Pp. 455, 10 Plates. (Aus der Geschichte lateinischen Bibel, II.) Freiburg: Herder, 1985. Paperback. N.p. G. D. KILPATRICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The of Theological Studies, Volume 37, Issue 2, October 1986, Pages 554–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/37.2.554 Published: 01 1986 <eot>
The Growth of The Anti-Jewish Stereotype by Dik van Arkel|M. W. H. Schreuder There are three good reasons at the present time to try arrive an historical model explain development of anti-Jewish stereotyping and prejudice, in this way, provided it is worked out a sufficiently high level abstraction, racism. The first reason that both Netherlands its neighbours increasingly faced with racism for line action necessary collect all kinds knowledge. Moreover, desirable historians prove willing co-operate by making their particular contribution collection second contemporary thinking about history tendency seems have made itself felt considers narrative element as only true activity historian, so hypothetical-deductive, one might say Popperian, approach past be wrong. Although I do not want enter into methodological discussion, which am glad leave my friend P. H. Vries, who has very capably formulated point view subscribe to, intention show usefulness abstract, partially mathematical, article. By framework article impossible extensive test predictions means source material. It can hinted at. This non-narrative because non-narrative, but lack space. A full exposition would need book. shall summary what hope logical argument lies basis model. <eot>
The Decoration of Walls, Ceilings, and Floors in Italy in the Second and Third Centuries A.D. by Hetty Joyce None <eot>
The John the Baptist Panel on the Ruthwell Cross by George Henderson The paper brings forward new arguments in support of the traditional interpretation figure carrying lamb on Ruthwell Cross as John Baptist, an challenged a recently published by Paul Meyvaert. present sees connecting logic choice subjects obverse cross, illustrating man's salvation through Christ. "Flight into Egypt" is reinterpreted symbolic "coming out Egypt," and principal panel, Christ beasts, recognized image Sacraments, integrating Old New Testament references. In this reading overall program presence Baptist shown to be intelligible indeed necessary. Furthermore, number specific features disputed panel are seen consistent with Bede's Homilies theme Baptist. view impressive emphasis it seems not improbable that his role Christ's precursor should feature conspicuously Northumbrian religious art period. <eot>
William Benzie, Dr. F. J. Furnivall: Victorian Scholar Adventurer. Norman, Okla.: Pilgrim Books, 1983. Pp. xi, 302; frontispiece, 11 black-and-white illustrations. by C. David Benson None <eot>
Goethe and prehistory by Malcolm Todd In this fascinating article, the Professor of Archaeology in University Exeter shows us that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) was not only author Faust, The Sorrows Young Werther, and beautiful lyrics, ballads love-songs, but keenly interested prehistory well abreast subject as it developing Germany early nineteenth century. <eot>
Spices in the medieval diet: A new approach by Bruno Laurioux (1985). Spices in the medieval diet: A new approach. Food and Foodways: Vol. 1, No. 1-2, pp. 43-75. <eot>
None by David Austin None <eot>
Gesellschaftsgeschichte Italiens im Mittelalter. Karl Bosl by Duane J. Osheim Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsGesellschaftsgeschichte Italiens im Mittelalter. Karl Bosl Duane J. OsheimDuane Osheim Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 4Oct., 1985 The journal of the Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2853739 Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article: III. ABTEILUNG, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 79, no.22 (Jan 1986).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1986.79.2.385 <eot>
Book Review: The Frankish Church by Joseph F. Kelly None <eot>
Interpreting the Communion of Saints by Berard L. Marthaler None <eot>
The Fairy-Tale as Radical Perspective: Enlightenment as Barrier and Bridge to Civic Values in Goethe'sMärchen by Peter Morgan The “Märchen” begins with an image of a society which is fragmented, unproductive, dormant and unfulfilled. It ends the city functioning as cultural, social political hub united nation. River dominates story test for it barrier. first stage taie characterized by aimless, misdirected restricted access characters to ‘Other Side.’ However Gold Irrlichter sets into motion process leads second stage, rallying together all in order save life Youth after his impulsive act love. central motif cohesion built around this event. Youth's depends on ability other cooperate work whole good individual. third, utopian merges personal individual (the Beautiful Lily archetypal lovers) history four subterranean Kings, through mediation self-sacrifice Green Snake. <eot>
Synagoge und Ecclesia: Religionsgeschichtliche Studien über die Auseinandersetzung der Kirche mit dem Judentum in Hochmittelalter. Hans Liebeschütz by Gavin I. Langmuir Previous articleNext article No AccessReviews Synagoge und Ecclesia: Religionsgeschichtliche Studien über die Auseinandersetzung der Kirche mit dem Judentum in Hochmittelalter . Hans Liebeschütz Gavin I. LangmuirGavin Langmuir Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 2Apr., 1985 The journal of the Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2846503 Views: 3Total views on site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article: III. ABTEILUNG, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 79, no.11 (Jan 1986).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1986.79.1.89 <eot>
The Funeral Ceremonies of the Polish Kings from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries by Urszula Borkowska Coronations, grand royal entrances and the ceremonies of burials were public manifestations ‘sacra maiestas regia’. The Polish had close parallels in other European monarchies, also their own special features. rites formed a symbolic drama with social political overtones; they needed to preserve order human community. Recent studies this region have brought interesting results, especially when seen long perspective time due contemplation mentality attitudes behind outward show. <eot>
Reviews of Books by R. A. Markus Reviews of Books The Frankish Church. By J. M. WALLACE-HADRILL (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983. £35.00). R. A. MARKUS University Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English Historical Review, Volume C, Issue CCCXCIV, January 1985, Pages 124–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/C.CCCXCIV.124 Published: 01 1985 <eot>
The Christ and the beasts panel on the Ruthwell Cross by Kristine Edmondson Haney Although the Ruthwell Cross has universally been regarded as one of most outstanding achievements early Northumbrian civilization, meaning its iconographic programme remains subject considerable debate. Central to interpretations is largest panel on Cross, depicting Christ and beasts (see pl. I a ). The correct identification this scene long crucial for achieving an understanding whole. While must be accepted key programme, no entirely satisfactory explanation hitherto offered. This study will draw attention textual visual evidence which provides new basis relationship remaining scenes. <eot>
Ladies of the Fraternity of Saint George and of the Society of the Garter by James Gillespie Contemporary society has discovered—or in some cases been forced to discover—the worth of women. Historians have provided valuable insights into the social, cultural, and legal status women an effort highlight roots attitudes that excluded from positions power western world. Much this research focused upon new ways viewing history, fine series monographs Women Culture Society being published by University Chicago Press provides a prime example awareness distaff side history. Yet, little attention paid most basic assumptions past generations medieval historians about society. The claim male chauvinist are founded primative Germanic concept warrior fraternity which were physiologically membership was already hoary when Fritz Kern his classic account law 1914. comitatus band Tacitus seen as central component leitmotiv produced chivalry. chivalric love ethic has, course, received great women's historians, but orders such views distilled largely ignored. traditional view fossilized parodies values they espoused so eloquently advocated Johan Huizinga's Waning Middle Ages still holds field. Only last year rehabilitated genuine expressions human their age. position within tradition is look for intrinsic interest subject investigation shifts toward females over centuries. orders, Arthurian legends inspired them, placed high value on women, much higher than earlier chansons de geste. While it true tended place lady pedestal her daughters fought climb down, greatest longest lasting these late-medieval fraternities, Order Garter, also gave role its celebrations. <eot>
Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085) by I. S. Robinson On 25 May 1085 Pope Gregory VII died in exile. The ninth centenary of the death this great pope – ‘the greatest who has ever sat St. Peter's chair’ Erich Caspar called him 1924 provides an obvious pretext for a bibliographical essay. What makes such. essay necessary exercise rather than mere commemorative gesture is fact that there not available at present any language full-scale biography Hildebrand–Gregory which reflects current state research. There no doubt Gregorian studies are flourishing: colloquium Salerno 1985 will offer impressive account research progress. Over 200 books and articles on different aspects life thought Hildebrand-Gregory, written second half century, listed below. Perhaps it sheer wealth material opinion disheartened potential biographers. following survey concentrates literature since 1947, year Salesian Scriptor Vatican Library, Father Giovanni Battista Borino (1881–1966) founded Rome journal Studi Gregoriani , certainly fulfilled its founder's purpose stimulating into history papal reform movement. <eot>
Medievalisms and Models of Textuality by Eugène Vance|Brian Stock None <eot>
Thoughts on the Concept of West and East in Europe by Hugh Seton‐Watson EUROPE AT FIRST SIGHT SEEMS A WORD WITH CLEAR MEANing; but a further look shows it to be most ambiguous. The obvious meaning is geographical: Europe the north-west peninsula of Asian land mass. But even this not correct: there are three western peninsulas: Finland, Scandinavia and main European. Usually lumped together; at its narrowest point sea which divides these much wider than that separates Balkans from Anatolia - always reckoned Asia, indeed one portion constituted whole Asia when word was first used. I know because once swam across Bosphorus, would certainly never have tried sound between Elsinore Helsingborg. <eot>
The Mountain Men of the Casentino during the Late Middle Ages by John Muendel Annals of the New York Academy SciencesVolume 441, Issue 1 p. 29-70 The Mountain Men Casentino during Late Middle Ages JOHN MUENDEL, MUENDEL Department History University Wisconsin-Waukesha Waukesha, Wisconsin 53186Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb14575.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions Use check box below share version article.I have read accept Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume441, Issue1Science Technology in Medieval SocietyApril 1985Pages RelatedInformation <eot>
Anglo-Saxon Architecture and Anglo-Saxon studies: a review by Martin Biddle|Rosemary Cramp|Milton McC. Gatch|Simon Keynes|Birthe Kjølbye‐Biddle The pilgrimage to discriminate the styles of Anglo-Saxon architecture on which Dr Harold Taylor embarked with his late wife Joan some fifty years ago was brought a majestic conclusion in 1978 by publication third volume Architecture (hereafter AS Arch ), first two volumes appeared 1965. It is work mainstream English antiquarianism, reaching back days Camden, Aubrey, Stukeley and Horsley, be compared our own time only Pevsner's Buildings England . <eot>
The Vikings in History. F. Donald Logan by Robert T. Farrell Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsThe Vikings in History. F. Donald Logan Robert T. FarrellRobert Farrell Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 2Apr., 1985 The journal of the Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2846504 Views: 1Total views on site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article: III. ABTEILUNG, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 79, no.11 (Jan 1986).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1986.79.1.89 <eot>
Das Verhältnis von Kirche und Theater. Dargeslellt an ausgewählten Schriften der Kirchenväter und liturgischen Texten bis auf Amalarius von Metz (a.d. 775–852). By Christine Schnusenberg. (Europäische Hochschulschriften, Riehe xxiii. Theologie, Bd. 141.) Pp. 308. Bern-Frankfurt am Main-Las Vegas: Peter Lang, 1981, Sw. Fr. 67. 10. by Rosamond McKitterick Das Verhältnis von Kirche und Theater. Dargeslellt an ausgewählten Schriften der Kirchenväter liturgischen Texten bis auf Amalarius Metz (a.d. 775–852). By Christine Schnusenberg. (Europäische Hochschulschriften, Riehe xxiii. Theologie, Bd. 141.) Pp. 308. Bern-Frankfurt am Main-Las Vegas: Peter Lang, 1981, Sw. Fr. 67. 10. - Volume 36 Issue 2 <eot>
Slave coast of Europe by Daniel Evans None <eot>
San Isidoro de Sevilla, "Etimologías", ed. and trans. into Spanish by José Oroz Reta and Manuel-A. Marcos Casquero (Book Review) by Roger Wright None <eot>
The Byzantine Church at Dereağzi and Its Decoration. James Morganstern by R. W. Dudley Edwards Previous articleNext article No AccessReviews The Byzantine Church at Dereağzi and Its Decoration . James Morganstern Robert W. EdwardsRobert Edwards Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 4Oct., 1985 journal of the Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2853763 Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article: III. ABTEILUNG, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 79, no.22 (Jan 1986).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1986.79.2.385 <eot>
Pecs-Sopianae: the History of Pecs during the Roman Era and the Problem of the Continuity of the Late Roman Population by John Wilkes|Ferenc Fülep None <eot>
Chenu's Little Book by Fergus Kerr New BlackfriarsVolume 66, Issue 777 p. 108-112 Chenu's Little Book Fergus Kerr OP, OPSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1985.tb02689.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept the Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume66, Issue777March 1985Pages RelatedInformation <eot>
Myth and Antimyth in La vie vaillante de Bertrand Du Guesclin by Robert A. Levine None <eot>
Pélagie la Pénitente: Métamorphoses d'une légende. Pierre Petitmengin by Paul Meyvaert None <eot>
The Frankish Church by Thomas F. X. Noble|J. M. WALLACE–HADRILL None <eot>
Mohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis. Richard Hodges , David Whitehouse by Bryce Lyon Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsMohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe: Archaeology Pirenne Thesis. Richard Hodges , David Whitehouse Bryce LyonBryce Lyon Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 3Jul., 1985 The journal Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2848199 Views: 13Total views on site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article: III. ABTEILUNG, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 79, no.11 (Jan 1986).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1986.79.1.89 <eot>
Hugh I of Cluny's Sponsorship of Henry IV: Its Context and Consequences by Joseph H. Lynch Hugues de Semur, Abbe Cluny, se rendit a Cologne, Pâques 1051, pour le bapteme l'heritier l'empereur Henri III| il fut parrain l'enfant. L'A. propose degager la signification ce geste, dans contexte des coutumes medievales et travers les relations avec III puis IV. <eot>
‘Opting out’ in theravada buddhism and medieval christianity by Ilana Friedrich Silber (1985). ‘Opting out’ in theravada buddhism and medieval christianity. Religion: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 251-277. <eot>
Monastic Friendship and Toleration in Twelfth-Century Cistercian Life by Brian Patrick McGuire Friendship is a commonplace of monastic life. What more congenial environment could be found for the formation and cultivation friendships than protective recesses cloisters? Here existed time, charity mutual concern so painfully absent in outside world. In cloister men get to know each other experience fellowship Christ. Under mild understanding abbot, they discover, as Ailred Rievaulx did twelfth century, that God friendship. <eot>
The use of patristic homilies in the Old English Martyrology by J. E. Cross The earlier editors of the Old English Martyrology (OEM), T. O. Cockayne and George Herzfeld, recognized that some notices, or phrases within drew on homilies by named patristic writers. identified two entries which closely echoed sentences from Gregory's Homiliae in Evangelia , for Emiliana (5 January) Homilia xxxviii.15 Cassius (29 June) xxxvii.9. Herzfeld added more, Processus Martinianus (2 July) xxxii.7 Felicitas (23 November) iii.3. Also, guided Ruinart, a passage Augustine's Sermo cccix.4 entry Cyprian Carthage (14 September). oversight, had actually ascribed his Latin quotation (cited Addenda) to Fulgentius Ruspe's vi, although Fulgentius's sermon probably did influence one other phrase notice. <eot>
Oculus ecclesiae or the eyes of the people. Church and society in medieval Frisia by Anneke B. Mulder-Bakker Medieval Frisia, also known as the ‘Seven Frisian Sea Lands’, consisted of clearly distinguishable parts: West Friesland (now part Dutch province Holland), West-Lauwers (the present-day Province Friesland), Lands between Lauwers and Eems Groningen) called East Friesland, together with German (Fig. 1). This study is concerned Eems; its main emphasis on lands (terrae) Fivelgo Hunsingo 2). The history medieval not considered here in terms modern political theory; instead, forms society administration they really existed, actual family communal relationships. Viewed this light peace truces inspired by Church are seen to have played an important role. <eot>
A Century of Research in Franco-Provençal and Poitevin by Kathryn Klingebiel Summary Within the Gallo-Romance domain, Franco-Provençal and its western correlate Poitevin have been variously labeled ‘independent languages’, ‘dialects of French’, or oc ’. At least one attempt has made to link these two lateral entities against both north south. A historical survey conflicting claims encompasses non-partisan methodologies such as dialect geography linguistic atlases well theoretical developments affecting Romance studies during last hundred years. Late 19th century research had not yet resolved antinomies between speech script study grammar. Recent into time direction Romanization, significantly clarifying bi-(or tri-)partitioning Gaul, complemented increasingly sophisticated work in all fields. Yet frequent overemphasis on segmentation, coupled with a failure distinguish shared fate from ‘language’ general acception, cannot be allowed obscure fact that FP belong Gallo-Romance; successful investigation either must continue mesh grammar, lexis, scripta, geohistory. <eot>
The treatment of feasting in theHeliand by Hugh Magennis None <eot>
A Historiographical Survey: Anglo-Saxon Kings and Kingship since World War II by Joel T. Rosenthal Three points by way of introduction. The first concerns the definition and delineation subject. Because kingship is but one ill-defined kingdom in shifting intellectual heptarchy Anglo-Saxon scholarship, I have been rigorous almost to point ruthlessness about excluding topics just at or beyond our boundaries. Not only scholarly contributions scholars also whole fields subfields historical inquiry precluded from consideration: list neglected, ignored, relegated very long indeed. Then come question whether this survey has any hopes for originality. What dreams might harbored a new clarion call were quickly dashed when, early my preparation article, came on Eric John's comment that “more books written than kings.” Once got torch alight realized how many footsteps already covered path. And last, article some sense offered as memorial Dorothy Whitelock, greatest modern Anglo-Saxonist after Stenton. Though she did not live complete her study Alfred Great, we assured it will soon see light day. frequency with which Whitelock's name appears bibliography gives idea versatility relentless curiosity. To alone postwar contribution 1954 listings; last—the reedition magisterial English Historical Documents , volume 1—in 1979. generation now must be standing far chronological end, begins publication Frank Merry Stenton's England 1943. Stenton was sixty-three when his great book appeared. Rarely large synthetic treatment simultaneously presented state existing set agenda next thirty forty years. <eot>
The Structure of the Canterbury Tales. Helen Cooper by Paul G. Ruggiers None <eot>
John Chrysostom: On Virginity; Against Remarriage. Translated by Sally Rieger Shore. Introduction by Elizabeth A. Clark. Studies in Women and Religion 9. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1983. xlii + 157 pp. $39.95. by Peter J. Gorday John Chrysostom: On Virginity; Against Remarriage. Translated by Sally Rieger Shore. Introduction Elizabeth A. Clark. Studies in Women and Religion 9. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1983. xlii + 157 pp. $39.95. - Volume 54 Issue 1 <eot>
The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680–825. By Thomas F. X. Noble. Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984. xxix + 374 pp. $35.00. by Harry Rosenberg The Republic of St. Peter: Birth the Papal State, 680–825. By Thomas F. X. Noble. Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia: University Pennsylvania Press, 1984. xxix + 374 pp. $35.00. - Volume 54 Issue 3 <eot>
Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany. by Chris Hann|David Warren Sabean None <eot>
Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. Robert G. Calkins by Carl Nordenfalk Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsIlluminated Books of the Middle Ages. Robert G. Calkins Carl NordenfalkCarl Nordenfalk Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 1Jan., 1985 The journal Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2852145 Views: 2Total views on site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article:Norio Kaifu, Masatoshi Ohishi, Kentarou Kawaguchi, Shuji Saito, Satoshi Yamamoto, Takeshi Miyaji, Keisuke Miyazawa, Shin-ichi Ishikawa, Chiaki Noumaru, Sumiko Harasawa, Michiko Okuda, Hiroko Suzuki A 8.8–50 GHz Complete Spectral Line Survey toward TMC-1 I. Data, Publications Astronomical Society Japan 56, no.11 (Feb 2004): 69–173.https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/56.1.69 <eot>
A Neglected Viking Burial with Beads from Kilmainham, Dublin, Discovered in 1847 by C. Stephen Briggs|Margaret Guido|Aidan Walsh THE DISCOVERY of a Viking-Age burial in the Kilmainham-Islandbridge cemetery, Dublin, comprising skeleton, spear, sword-fragments and beads, is described from antiquarian MSS sources. The surviving pieces are detailed deposit tentatively dated to late 9th or early 10th century. grave-goods indicate one, possibly two, burials, one female. A brief survey similar pagan burials British Isles close examination this would suggest mixed Irish-Scandinavian cultural milieu for it. <eot>
Origins of class and gender hierarchy in Northwest Europe by Viana Muller None <eot>
The Age of Abbot Desiderius: Monte Cassino, the Papacy, and the Normans in the Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries. By H. E. J. Cowdrey. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983. xli + 300 pp. $45.00. by Bede K. Lackner None <eot>
Der goldene Psalter "Dagulf-Psalter." Vollstandige Faksimile-Ausgabe im Originalformat von Codex 1861 der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek by Lawrence Nees|Kurt Holter None <eot>
Social and biological evolution I. Darwinism and social evolution by C. R. Hallpike Abstract This first paper lays the foundations for second by disposing of claims that Darwinian principles can be applied to social evolution. (1) In systems there is no such process as ‘reproduction’, distinct from maintenance, and are thus equivalents gene. Nor do have any ‘basic units’ on which selection could operate, it shown concepts ‘memes’ or ‘culturgens’ run into insuperable problems gigantic numbers. (2) The biological concept ‘fitness’ purely statistical, hence quite irrelevant analysis structured phenomena like societies. (3) organism environment distinction does not apply societies, clearly bounded organisms, far inter- intra-societal relations concerned instead ‘adaptation’ we find mutual influence adjustment. (4) theory emphasizes competition, totally ignoring processes co-operation one aspect (5) There significant resemblance between mutation invention. <eot>
Carolingian Studies by Michael Richter None <eot>
Masonry Techniques in Medieval Rome, c. 1080–c. 1300 by Joan E. Barclay Lloyd TECNICHE MURARIE MEDIEVALI A ROMA In questo articolo si discutono le tecniche murarie usate a Roma nel periodo c. 1080– 1300: opere murarie—con o senza riempitura calce degli interstizi (stilatura), falsa cortina –e con modulo variato; opus listatum (opus mixtum) , l'uso di tufi e mattoni; saracinescum solo tufelli. Le variazioni possono servire datare tre periodi medievali: 1216; 1216– 1246; 1246– 1300. La stilatura sembra fosse il marchio distintivo certe imprese costruttrici; fu usata tra 1200; XII secolo trova ancora i conci rastremati. Mentre l' apparve 1200, era più tipico XIII XIV secolo. erano volte relative alla funzione un edificio—chiesa, palazzo, monastero, torre casa, oppure al fatto che muro nelle fondamenta sopra livello del terreno. l'autore riesamina l'opera M. E. Avagnina, V. Garibaldi D. Salterini, ‘Strutture edifici religiosi secolo’, Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale d'Archeologia Storia dell'Arte XXIII–XXIV (1976–77) 173 sgg. Nella Tabella II sono riassunte informazioni contenute in tale opera. osservazioni dell'autore trovano nella I. techniche qui discusse loro uso medievale illustrate III. <eot>
An Early Illustrated Manuscript of the Passion of St. Agatha (Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS lat. 5594) by Magdalena Elizabeth Carrasco Latin MS 5594 in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, a composite of several pieces varying date and place origin, includes copy passion St. Agatha accompanied by illustrations lower margins (fols. 67r-70r). These miniatures are an important addition to relatively small group manuscripts produced at threshold Romanesque style France. A tentative attribution is suggested neumes written margin folio 71v, which point Autun or general region Burgundy; addition, comparable stylistically troper de l'Arsenal (MS 1169) made for Bishop Gautier (977-1024). The appear constitute earliest surviving narrative cycle Agatha, they enlarge our knowledge nature sources hagiographic illustration. pictorial conventions similar those found some illustrated lives saints (libelli), late 10th early 11th century. cycles be based on Carolingian even Early Christian sources, suggestion that derives from earlier model supported certain iconographic peculiarities miniatures. However, comparison with accompanying text indicates although have clearly been constructed basis established formulae, new, albeit modest creation designed accommodate format this specific manuscript. <eot>
Medieval Women Writers by Anne Larsen|Katharina M. Wilson This is one of the first anthologies devoted to writings women in Middle Ages. The fifteen whose works are represented span seven centuries, eight languages, and ten regions or nationalities. Many recognized, taught, anthologized their own countries but have been inaccessible students English. Others little read today because literary fortunes paralleled fluctuations taste patronage.Katharina M. Wilson's introduction volume places these writers historical context explores question female imagination who were writing at a time when very few literate most literature, sacred secular, was penned by men. Each chapters has written different scholar includes biographical critical writer, representative selection her translation, bibliography. <eot>
Book Review: The Frankish Church by E. Glenn Hinson None <eot>
The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500-1087 by H. R. Loyn None <eot>
H. R. Loyn. <italic>The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500–1087</italic>. (Governance of England.) Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1984. Pp. xvii, 222. $27.50 by None None <eot>
The Powers of Prophecy: The Cedar of Lebanon Vision from the Mongol Onslaught to the Dawn of the Enlightenment. Robert E. Lerner by None Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsThe Powers of Prophecy: The Cedar Lebanon Vision from the Mongol Onslaught to Dawn Enlightenment. Robert E. Lerner H. C. Erik MidelfortH. Midelfort Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 2Apr., 1985 journal Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2846502 Views: 3Total views on site Copyright AmericaPDF download Crossref reports no citing article. <eot>
THE CONTEXT OF THE OHG "LUDWIGSLIED" by Fouracre None <eot>
Fides Simpliciorum according to Origen of Alexandria. By Gunnar af Hällström. (Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, 76.) Pp. iii. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1984. by N. R. M. de Lange None <eot>
Paul Kunitzsch, Glossar der arabischen Fachausdrücke in der mittelalterlichen europäischen Astrolabliteratur. (Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, 1: Philologisch-historische Klasse, 11.) Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983. Paper. Pp. 117 (= 455–571). DM 30. by David Pingree None <eot>
Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300 by David Nicholas|Susan Reynolds Introduction to Second Edition. The Historiography of Medieval Community. Lay Ideas about Collectivity. Theory and Practice. List Works Cited. Introduction. 1: Collective Activity in Traditional Law 900-1300. 2: Legal Change 1140-1300. 3: Fraternities Guilds. 4: Community the Parish. 5: Villages Rural Neighbourhoods. 6: Urban Communities. 7: Provinces Lordships. 8: Realm. 9: 900-1300: A General View. Index <eot>
The Origins of the Royal Arms of England: Their Development to 1199. Adrian Ailes by Brigitte Bedos Rezak None <eot>
Rationality, Tradition, and the Scientific Outlook: Reflections on Max Weber and the Middle Ages by Brian Stock Annals of the New York Academy SciencesVolume 441, Issue 1 p. 7-20 Rationality, Tradition, and Scientific Outlook: Reflections on Max Weber Middle Ages BRIAN STOCK, STOCK Pontifical Institute Mediaeval Studies 59 Queen's Park Crescent Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C4Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb14573.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms Conditions Use check box below share version article.I have read accept Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume441, Issue1Science Technology in Medieval SocietyApril 1985Pages RelatedInformation <eot>
Gratian and the Schools of Law 1140–1234. By Stephan Kuttner. (Collected Studies Series, 185.) Variorum Reprints, 1983. £30. by Peter Linehan An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above information on how to content. <eot>
Book Review by C. M. Kauftmann None <eot>
Antichrists and Antichrist in Joachim of Fiore by Robert E. Lerner Previous articleNext article No AccessAntichrists and Antichrist in Joachim of FioreRobert E. LernerRobert Lerner Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited Speculum Volume 60, Number 3Jul., 1985 The journal the Medieval Academy America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2848175 Views: 44Total views on site Citations: 16Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright AmericaPDF download reports following citing article:Brett Edward Whalen Fiore Apocalyptic Revival Twelfth Century, (Mar 2020): 190–211.https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108394994.011Lucien Dabadie L’ambassade prophetique de Cola di Rienzo à la cour Charles IV (1350–1352). Un Réexamen, Annali Scienze Religiose 13 (Jan 337–380.https://doi.org/10.1484/J.ASR.5.121739Joël Élie Schnapp Figures du pouvoir ottoman et Apocalypse au xvie siècle. Les dessins Jacopo Ligozzi, Cahiers d’études italiennes , no.2727 (Sep 2018).https://doi.org/10.4000/cei.5187MAGDA HAYTON HILDEGARDIAN PROPHECY AND FRENCH COLLECTIONS, 1378–1455: A STUDY CRITICAL EDITION OF THE “SCHISM EXTRACTS”, Traditio 72 (Nov 2017): 453–491.https://doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2017.11 Bibliographie, 2016).https://doi.org/10.4000/books.esb.931Harry O. Maier Nero Jewish Christian Tradition First Century Reformation, 2013): 383–404.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118316771.ch22Brett as (Anti)Charisma: Reflections Weber ‘Son Perdition’, Religions 4, no.11 (Feb 77–95.https://doi.org/10.3390/rel4010077Richard Marsden, Ann Matter New Cambridge History Bible, 110 (May 2012).https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521860062Nigel Morgan Latin vernacular Apocalypses, (Apr 2012): 404–426.https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521860062.025Brett Fiore, Conversion, ‘Persecuting Society’, Compass 8, no.77 (Jul 2010): 682–691.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00700.xMichael A. Ryan Middle Ages: Plus ça changeâ¦, 7, no.66 2009): 1581–1592.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00648.xDarin Hayton Astrology Political Propaganda: Humanist Responses Turkish Threat Early-Sixteenth-Century Vienna, Austrian Yearbook 38 61–91.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0067237800021421 Jeremy Cohen "Synagoga conversa": Honorius Augustodunensis, Song Songs, Christianity's "Eschatological Jew", 79, no.22 (Oct 2015): 309–340.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713400087935Richard K. Emmerson Visualizing Performance: Miniatures Besançon MS 579 Jour Jugement, Exemplaria 11, 245–284.https://doi.org/10.1179/exm.1999.11.2.245Suzanne Conklin Akbari rhetoric antichrist Western lives Muhammad, Islam Christian–Muslim Relations no.33 2007): 297–307.https://doi.org/10.1080/09596419708721128 Robert Ecstatic Dissent, 67, 33–57.https://doi.org/10.2307/2863745 <eot>
The Rise of the West by Daniel Chirot Max Weber's explanation of the rise Western progress remains best available. It needs to be blended with an awareness that geographic coincidence and medieval class conflict were instrumental in allowing strong, bourgeois-dominated towns emerge from feudalism. This, very long-lasting political stalemate between contending forces Middle Ages early modern Europe key elements development rationality. Proof comes comparing other major agrarian civilizations, particularly China. Twentieth-century historical scholarship confirms Weber more than it supports some recent, fashionable sociological theories about West such as world system <eot>
REVIEWS by None New BlackfriarsVolume 66, Issue 777 p. 146-152 REVIEWS First published: March 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1985.tb02695.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept the Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a this article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Book Review in Articles: ESCAPING FROM FUNDAMENTALISM by James Barr JUDAISM IN THE BEGINNING OF CHRISTIANITY Jacob Neusner MOTHERHOOD AND GOD, Margaret Hebblethwaite PLANETARY THEOLOGY Tissa Balasuriya QUEST FOR CHRISTIAN ETHICS, Ian C.M. Fairweather I.H. Nlacdonald THEOLOGIES EUCHARIST EARLY SCHOLASTIC PERIOD Gary Macy MORAL PSYCHOLOGY VIRTUES N.J.H. Dent Volume66, Issue777March 1985Pages RelatedInformation <eot>
The Light in Troy: Imitation and Discovery in Renaissance Poetry by Daniel Javitch|Thomas M. Greene None <eot>
The Diocese of Vic: Tradition and Regeneration in Medieval Catalonia. By Paul H. Freedman. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1983. ix + 230 pp. $20.00. by Harry Rosenberg An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above information on how to content. <eot>
The Church in British Archaeology. By Richard Morris. Council for British Archaeology Research Report 47. London: Council for British Archaeology, 1983; distributed in the U.S. by Humanities Press, viii + 124pp. $35.75. by W. Trent Foley The Church in British Archaeology. By Richard Morris. Council for Archaeology Research Report 47. London: Archaeology, 1983; distributed the U.S. by Humanities Press, viii + 124pp. $35.75. - Volume 54 Issue 1 <eot>
Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. By Robert G. Calkins. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983. 341 pp. $48.50. by Bernard McGinn None <eot>
Medieval Russian Culture. Edited by Henrik Birnbaum and Michael S. Flier. California Slavic Studies 12. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. xii + 396. $35.00. by John L. Boojamra An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above information on how to content. <eot>
The Long Waves of Social Consciousness by Graham Hollister‐Short None <eot>
BOOKS by KEITH FALCONER None <eot>
The office of the cantor in early Western monastic rules and customaries: a preliminary investigation by Margot Fassler The Rule of St Benedict ( c. 520) mentions a cantor only once. celebrated twelfth-century Liber ordinis , book monastic regulations compiled at the Abbey Victor in Paris, requires several folios to outline all duties cantor's office. During six centuries separating these two sources, had become one most important persons religious community: he supervised aspects music-making, was charge library and scriptorium, oversaw directed celebration liturgy. Yet even though crucial role performance transmission medieval liturgical music, very little scholarly attention has been given his This study offers some theories concerning evolution office, description that office during late eleventh century, period which it reached its zenith. Many issues will be raised that, is hoped, suggest directions for further research. <eot>
BOOKS by Denis Stevens Journal Article BOOKS Get access The new Oxford Companion to Music General Editer: DENNIS ARNOLD University Press. Oxford, 1983, (2 volumes).£50 Denis Stevens Search for other works by this author on: Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume 13, Issue 1, February 1985, Pages 85–89, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/13.1.85 Published: 01 1985 <eot>
Dietrich Lohrmann. <italic>Kirchengut im nördlichen Frankreich: Besitz, Verfassung und Wirtschaft im Spiegel der Papstprivilegien des 11.–12. Jahrhunderts</italic>. (Pariser Historische Studien, number 20.) Bonn: Ludwig Röhrscheid. 1983. Pp. 375. DM 98 by None None <eot>
Book Review: The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453 by E. Glenn Hinson None <eot>
Book Review: Harper's Concise Book of Christian Faith by Bill J. Leonard None <eot>
Military Orders and Peasant Servitude in Catalonia: Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries by Paul Freedman The County of Barcelona was founded in the wake Carolingian empire's collapse late ninth century.' population this beleaguered region managed to expand southward from overpopulated Pyrenean valleys, settling foothills and much coastal plain despite devastation inflicted by frequent Islamic expeditions raids. In eleventh century balance power between county its neighbors shifted, as it did throughout Spain, counts were able extort gold enfeebled, divisive states.2 Unlike Leon-Castile, however, there no dramatic territorial expansion century, nothing parallel conquest Toledo except humiliating failure attempt capture Tarragona at end century. twelfth marks beginning energetic Catalonia. By mid-century had last been seized resettled, Tortosa south Lerida west absorbed what becoming unified Kingdom Aragon Barcelona. role principal military orders union Catalonia is well known. Alfonso I el Batallador died without direct heirs 1134, leaving his kingdom Knights Templar, Hospitaller, Holy Sepulchre. recently created groups knights Land Europe who took vows like monks but remained fighters aid crusades. <eot>
The Early History of the Church of Canterbury. Christ Church from 597 to 1066. By Nicholas Brooks. (Studies in the Early History of Britain.) Pp. xiv + 402 incl. ills. Leicester University Press, 1984. £28. by Rosamond McKitterick None <eot>
Latin Textual Criticism in Antiquity by James E. G. Zetzel None <eot>