Datasets:

Yusuf5

/

OpenCaselistLI

like 1

Block

ESR

AT Markets (White and Casalla):

No need for formal restrictions – CP’s signal is just as good

Eric Posner, Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School, and Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 2007, The Credible Executive, 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865

Posner and Vermeule 2007

2NC

CP

AT Circumvention

No need for formal restrictions – CP’s signal is just as good

Eric Posner, Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School, and Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 2007, The Credible Executive, 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865

Posner and Vermeule 2007

Block

CP

AT Cred

No need for formal restrictions – CP’s signal is just as good

Eric Posner, Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School, and Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 2007, The Credible Executive, 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865

Posner and Vermeule 2007

block

esr CP

Signal – 2NC

No need for formal restrictions – CP’s signal is just as good

Eric Posner, Professor of Law, The University of Chicago Law School, and Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 2007, The Credible Executive, 74 U. Chi. L. Rev. 865

Posner and Vermeule 2007

2AC

Adv 1

Fifth, no terminal impact food insecurity doesn’t cause war

Vestby et al 18 [Jonas Vestby, Doctoral Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Ida Rudolfsen, doctoral researcher at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University and PRIO, and Halvard Buhaug, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); and Associate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research and Political Geography, “Does hunger cause conflict?”, 5/18/18, https://blogs.prio.org/ClimateAndConflict/2018/05/does-hunger-cause-conflict/]

Vestby et al 18

1NR – Round 3 – Harvard

DA – Impeachment

Link---China & Russia---2NC

Repetitive and clear messaging is key to impeachment

David Leonhardt, 10-29-2019, (Pulitzer prize winning Op-Ed columnist) "Public Sentiment Is Everything," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/opinion/impeachment-pelosi-democrats-trump.html

Leonhardt, 10-29

Impeachment

Link---Russia---2NC

Repetitive and clear messaging is key to impeachment

David Leonhardt, 10-29-2019, (Pulitzer prize winning Op-Ed columnist) "Public Sentiment Is Everything," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/opinion/impeachment-pelosi-democrats-trump.html

Leonhardt, 10-29

2NC

Impeachment

Link---China---2NC

Repetitive and clear messaging is key to impeachment

David Leonhardt, 10-29-2019, (Pulitzer prize winning Op-Ed columnist) "Public Sentiment Is Everything," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/opinion/impeachment-pelosi-democrats-trump.html

Leonhardt, 10-29

1NR

Impeachment

AT: No Link---2NC

Repetitive and clear messaging is key to impeachment

David Leonhardt, 10-29-2019, (Pulitzer prize winning Op-Ed columnist) "Public Sentiment Is Everything," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/opinion/impeachment-pelosi-democrats-trump.html

Leonhardt, 10-29

1NR – Round 1 – Harvard

DA – Impeachment

Link---China ---2NC

Repetitive and clear messaging is key to impeachment

David Leonhardt, 10-29-2019, (Pulitzer prize winning Op-Ed columnist) "Public Sentiment Is Everything," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/opinion/impeachment-pelosi-democrats-trump.html

Leonhardt, 10-29

2NR

AT: Impeachment Bad

Repetitive and clear messaging is key to impeachment

David Leonhardt, 10-29-2019, (Pulitzer prize winning Op-Ed columnist) "Public Sentiment Is Everything," New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/opinion/impeachment-pelosi-democrats-trump.html

Leonhardt, 10-29

OBOR

2nc links

Framing

OBOR leads to Chinese militarization of the Indian Ocean

Johnson and De Luce 18 — (Keith Johnson, Dan De Luce, 4-17-2018, "One Belt, One Road, One Happy Chinese Navy," Published by Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/17/one-belt-one-road-one-happy-chinese-navy/, Accessed 6-5-2018, JWS) Note: Belt and Road project = OBOR

Johnson and De Luce 18

Case

Solvency:

The plan text doesn’t solve they only stop DNA retintation when they aren’t guilty criminality spurs from any DNA collection – we read green

Roberts 11 (Dorothy, Kirkland & Ellis Professor, Northwestern University School of Law; faculty fellow, Institute for Policy Research. “Collateral Consequences, Genetic Surveillance, and the New Biopolitics of Race.” Howard Law Journal.  [VOL. 54, No. 3: 2011]. https://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/roberts1/workingpapers/54HowLJ567(2011).pdf)

Roberts 11

1NC

1NC K – Refusal

Settlerism is a milieu, not an event. Federal protection is inseparable from a resource ontology and threshold theories of harm that reinforce settler logics of property and abstraction – denies reciprocal relations by reducing water to standing reserve for colonial futures

Liboiron 21 [Max Liboiron is an Associate Professor in Geography and is formerly the Associate Vice-President of Indigenous Research at Memorial University. Liboiron is Métis/Michif who grew up in Lac la Biche, Treaty 6 territory. “Pollution is Colonialism,” May 2021, Duke University Press. Google Books]

Liboiron 21 , Treaty 6 territory. “Pollution is Colonialism,” May 2021, Duke University Press. Google Books]

1NC – Adv

Their ROB is not possible to internalize broadly – only a standard of increasing conscious experience can

Greene 07 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: https://www.gwern.net/docs/philosophy/ethics/2007-greene.pdf, pages 47-50)

Greene 07

1NC

Their ROB is not possible to internalize broadly – only a standard of increasing conscious experience can

Greene 07 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: https://www.gwern.net/docs/philosophy/ethics/2007-greene.pdf, pages 47-50)

Greene 07

1AC Grid Modernization

III. Advantages

1. Grid Modernization

F. Global warming leads to the extinction of people and animals. Urban 2015

Mark C. Urban “Accelerating extinction risk from climate change” Science  01 May 2015:

Mark C. Urban “Accelerating extinction risk from climate change” Science  01 May 2015:

QL PF Nov/Dec – NFU Affirmative Sample Case

AT: Circumvention DA

R General

No circumvention – US includes congress which can check rogue presidents

Richard K. Betts & Matthew C. Waxman 18. Betts is Director of the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations; Waxman is Liviu Librescu Professor of Law at Columbia Law School and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. March/April 2018. “The President and the Bomb: Reforming the Nuclear Launch Process.” 97 Foreign Aff. 119. HeinOnline.

Betts & Waxman 18

Impact

2NC – Impact Extension

The aff’s promotion of the US as a savior of human rights reinforces American imperialism while papering over domestic structural violence

Williams 10 (Randall Williams, professor at UCSD and UC Riverside in ethnic studies, film and visual culture, and literature, 2010, “The Divided World: Human Rights and its Violence,” University of Minnesota Press, Accessed 7/22/17 // MH)

Williams 10

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — T

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

T — “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — T

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

T—Decrease Containment

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

T — Decrease Containment

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — T

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — T-Decrease Containment

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

Topicality

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

T — “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — T

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

1NC

1NC

1NC — Topicality “Decrease Containment”

First, “substantially” means considerable and large.

Arkush 2 — David Arkush, J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School, holds a B.A. from Washington University, 2002 (“Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131), Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)

Arkush 2

Structural Violence AC

FRAMEWORK

DON’T READ Ongoing violence outweighs.

Jackson 12—Director of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, the University of Otago. Former. Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University (8/5/12, Richard, The Great Con of National Security, http://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/)

Jackson 12

Aff

1AC

Advantage 3 – Privacy

Free Internet failure causes extinction

Eagleman 10 [David Eagleman is a  neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law and author of Sum (Canongate). Nov. 9, 2010, “ Six ways the internet will save civilization,”http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/12/start/apocalypse-no]

Eagleman 10

Economy Frontline 3/

Zero risk of Internet Collapse.

JOHN C. DVORAK ‘7 (columnist for PCMag.com, May 1, “Will the Internet Collapse?” http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2124376,00.asp

DVORAK ‘7 (columnist for PCMag.com, May 1, “Will the Internet Collapse?” http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2124376,00.asp

1NR

Relations

1NR -- UQ

Independently, CEE assurance is solid---concerns are only in Western Europe.

Howell 19 [Tom Howell, Jr., Politics and White House Reporter for The Washington Times, BA in Journalism from the University of Maryland College Park, “Eastern Europe Welcomes Trump's Embrace After Obama's Cold Shoulder”, Washington Times, 11/25/2019, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/nov/25/eastern-europe-welcomes-trumps-embrace-after-obama]

Howell 19

Negative

Impact Scenarios

Global Warming Food Security

Global warming decreases food availability and increases food prices Worldwatch Insitute 7/27(July 27, 2013, World Watch Institute “Climate Change: The Unseen Force Behind Rising Food Prices?,” http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5434) While governments and consumers decry the steady increase in food prices, groups like the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are taking a harder look at some of the factors contributing to this rise—including the role of climate change. Changing climatic conditions, in particular the decline in water availability, are forcing farmers to continually adapt their agricultural production. According to the FAO, climate change has both environmental and socioeconomic outcomes for agriculture: changes in the availability and quality of land, soil, and water resources, for example, are later reflected in crop performance, which causes prices to rise. Climate change has been attributed to greater inconsistencies in agricultural conditions, ranging from more-erratic flood and drought cycles to longer growing seasons in typically colder climates. While the increase in Earth’s temperature is making some places wetter, it is also drying out already arid farming regions close to the Equator. This year’s Inter-govermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report states that “increases in the frequency of droughts and floods are projected to affect local production negatively, especially in subsistence sectors at low latitudes.” The decline in production in the face of growing demand can drive up prices in markets that may lack the technology to fight environmental hazards to overall production. Such has been the case in Australia, where the once-fruitful food-production regions of New South Wales have been subject to a severe drought for the last five years. There is evidence of shifting rainfall patterns in the region, and a growing number of Australians now view this as a repercussion of climate change. The crop failures, economic hardship in rural communities, and subsequent jump in food prices are forcing the country to reassess its approach to climate change and to consider increasing food imports, a move that would drive prices up further. Speaking on the issue last year, Mike Rann, the premier of South Australia, remarked, “what we’re seeing with this drought is a frightening glimpse of the future with global warming.” By FAO estimates, the developing world will spend $52 billion between 2007 and 2008 on imports of wheat, corn, and other cereal crops. If current trends persist, these countries will also be worst affected by climate change’s pressure on food production and pricing, while experiencing the effects of more varied and more severe environmental conditions. Advances in technology make it unlikely that overall world food production will decline due to climate change, but agricultural capacity in large parts of Africa and Asia is expected to shift dramatically. Climate-related changes in agricultural conditions will likely only increase developing countries’ dependence on imported food, a pricey prospect considering rising global transportation costs.

Worldwatch Insitute 7/27 According to the FAO, climate change has both environmental and socioeconomic outcomes changes in the availability and quality of land, soil, and water resources, for example, are later reflected in crop performance, which causes prices to rise. The decline in production in the face of growing demand can drive up prices in markets that may lack the technology to fight environmental hazards to overall production. Such has been the case in Australia, where the once-fruitful food-production regions of New South Wales have been subject to a severe drought for the last five years. , “what we’re seeing with this drought is a frightening glimpse of the future with global warming.” By FAO estimates, the developing world will spend $52 billion between 2007 and 2008 on imports of wheat, corn, and other cereal crops. If current trends persist, these countries will also be worst affected by climate change’s pressure on food production and pricing, while experiencing the effects of more varied and more severe environmental conditions. Advances in technology make it unlikely that overall world food production will decline due to climate change, but agricultural capacity in large parts of Africa and Asia is expected to shift dramatically. Climate-related changes in agricultural conditions will likely only increase developing countries’ dependence on imported food, a pricey prospect considering rising global transportation costs.

1

The aff’s invocation of legality marginalizes ethical questions by creating an ostensibly value-neutral framework for cyber ops—turns case because it militarizes the cyber domain and creates a permanent state of war

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

Gregory 11.

2nc

links

cyber

The aff’s invocation of legality marginalizes ethical questions by creating an ostensibly value-neutral framework for cyber ops—turns case because it militarizes the cyber domain and creates a permanent state of war

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

Gregory 11.

2nc

k

l: cyber

The aff’s invocation of legality marginalizes ethical questions by creating an ostensibly value-neutral framework for cyber ops—turns case because it militarizes the cyber domain and creates a permanent state of war

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

Gregory 11.

1nc

K

The aff’s invocation of legality marginalizes ethical questions by creating an ostensibly value-neutral framework for cyber ops—turns case because it militarizes the cyber domain and creates a permanent state of war

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

1nc

K

The aff’s invocation of legality marginalizes ethical questions by creating an ostensibly value-neutral framework for cyber ops—turns case because it militarizes the cyber domain and creates a permanent state of war

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

2nc

Case

at: perm

The aff’s invocation of legality marginalizes ethical questions by creating an ostensibly value-neutral framework for cyber ops—turns case because it militarizes the cyber domain and creates a permanent state of war

Gregory 11. Derek Gregory, professor of geography at the University of British Columbia, “The Everywhere War,” he Geographical Journal, Vol. 177, No. 3, September 2011, pg. 246

Gregory 11.

1AC

Advantage: Nuclear War

Any nuclear escalation causes extinction via nuclear winter.

Starr ’17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; “Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies”; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV)

Starr ’17

CP – ICJ

1NC Shell

1NC – CP [ILaw]

ICJ Legitimacy k2 ILaw and prevents global conflict.

Davis 17. Christina L. Davis is a professor of Government at Harvard University. “Protecting Trade by Legalizing Political Disputes: Why Countries Bring Cases to the International Court of Justice,” https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/cldavis/files/davismorse2018_final.pdf.

Davis 17.

1NC

Case

Also cloned organs are still human organs and the aff just legalizes human organs. The aff would increase cloned organs in order to solve for anything (which they don’t do anyway because they don’t claim any impacts), this turns the case.

Legalization would mean the hospitals would bear the entirety of the costs ending the organ industry as a whole – turns case

Boyer 12 J. Randall Boyer, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “Gifts of the Heart ... and Other Tissues: Legalizing the Sale of Human Organs and Tissues”, Brigham Young University Law Review 2012 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 313

Boyer 12

2AC

CP---Existential Threat

Existential Threat CP---2AC

Entanglement C3I assets ensures deterrence failure and inadvertent escalation---counterplan doesn’t solve because attacks on dual use assets are seen as readying the battlefield for nuclear use

James M Acton 18, co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program and a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 8/8/18, “Escalation Through Entanglement: How the Vulnerability of Command-and-Control Systems Raises the Risks of an Inadvertent Nuclear War,” http://carnegieendowment.org/2018/08/08/escalation-through-entanglement-how-vulnerability-of-command-and-control-systems-raises-risks-of-inadvertent-nuclear-war-pub-77028 The 2018 U.S. Nuclear Posture Review contains a highly consequential threat that has been largely overlooked in the wave of commentary surrounding the document's release: the United States warns potential adversaries that it would consider using nuclear weapons in the event of “significant nonnuclear strategic attacks … on U.S. or allied nuclear forces, their command and control, or warning and attack assessment capabilities.”1 This threat was motivated by the growing vulnerability of these assets—in particular, the United States' nuclear command, control, communication, and intelligence (C3I or enabling) capabilities—to advanced nonnuclear weapons, and is presumably intended to deter attacks on them.2 In issuing this threat, the Nuclear Posture Review illustrates that nonnuclear attacks on nuclear forces and C3I capabilities could be highly escalatory, even to the point of directly sparking a nuclear war.

Acton 18

1NR

Link

1NR---O/V

Russia’s space program is dying now at the hands of poor cooperation and a lack of interest—but the plan revitalizes it bolstering Putin’s legitimacy and soft power—Kagan says recognition is the largest internal link to Putin’s ambitions and willingness to intervene

Case

Automated Warfare

LAWs reduce miscalculation.

Horowitz et al ’19 Michael C. Horowitz, Paul Scharre, and Alexander Velez-Green, December 2019, "," No Publication, https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1912/1912.05291.pdf Michael C. Horowitz is Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania. Paul Scharre is Senior Fellow and Director, Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. Alexander Velez-Green is a defense analyst based in Washington | MU

Horowitz et al ’19

Miscalculation

LAWs reduce miscalculation.

Horowitz et al ’19 Michael C. Horowitz, Paul Scharre, and Alexander Velez-Green, December 2019, "," No Publication, https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1912/1912.05291.pdf Michael C. Horowitz is Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania. Paul Scharre is Senior Fellow and Director, Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. Alexander Velez-Green is a defense analyst based in Washington | MU

Horowitz et al ’19 19

Case

Miscalculation

LAWs reduce miscalculation.

Horowitz et al ’19 Michael C. Horowitz, Paul Scharre, and Alexander Velez-Green, December 2019, "," No Publication, https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1912/1912.05291.pdf Michael C. Horowitz is Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania. Paul Scharre is Senior Fellow and Director, Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. Alexander Velez-Green is a defense analyst based in Washington | MU

Horowitz et al ’19

Case

Rebalance

1nc indo-pak d

neither one can afford it.

Hameed 13, CSIS Crisis, Conflict and Cooperation program fellow, 2013 (Sadika, “Kashmir Violence Strains India-Pakistan Dialogue”, 9-4, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13191/kashmir-violence-strains-india-pakistan-dialogue, ldg)

Hameed 13 , ldg)

2AC

China DA

No link

4) Retaliatory deterrence (both nuclear and conventional) solves

Michael S. Gerson 10. Gerson is an independent consultant in Atlanta, Georgia. He was previously a division lead, project director, and senior analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, where his research focused on nuclear and conventional deterrence, nuclear strategy, and arms control. 10/2010. “No First Use: The Next Step for U.S. Nuclear Policy.” International Security, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 7–47.

Gerson 10

Strath Haven – Blake – Round 5

1AR

1AR – Allies DA

2AC says arms racing is thumped---no answer in the 1NR---here’s a recutting of their evidence

--- he defines an “arms race” as a term of art and concludes that’s the status quo.

Districts R4 vs UMKCC SW

1nc

Case

Their distinction between biological and political life that destroys value to life

Fassin, 10 - Social Science Prof at Princeton (Didier, “Ethics of Survival: A Democratic Approach to the Politics of Life” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, Fall, Vol 1 No 1, Project Muse)//dm

Fassin, 10 Social Science Prof at Princeton (Didier, “Ethics of Survival: A Democratic Approach to the Politics of Life” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, Fall, Vol 1 No 1, Project Muse)//dm

CASE EXT

Space Militarization Ext.

Space Weapons Impact Ext.

Space weaponization escalates to global war

Zhang 11 (Baohui Zhang is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Studies at Lingnan University, Hong Kong. He wishes to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments that contributed to the revision of this article, “The Security Dilemma in the U.S.-China Military Space Relationship” accessed by means of JSTOR)

Zhang 11

ADA Round 3 Wiki

2NC

K

Inequality – competition focused antitrust ignores issues of economic power and focuses on neoclassical views of how markets work – that guts any check on markets consolidation of power broadly

Paul 20 – Assistant Professor of Law, Wayne State University Sanjukta Paul, “Antitrust as Allocator of Coordination Rights,” UCLA Law Review, 2020, https://www.uclalawreview.org/antitrust-as-allocator-of-coordination-rights-2/

Paul 20

Case

1NC

Reject the theory of Anthropocene --- it is wholly relative and lacks a meaningful heuristic for political change

Dean 16 (Jodi, Prof of Politics Science @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges & Erasmus Prof of the Humanities @ Erasmus U, “The Anamorphic Politics of Climate Change,” E-Flux #69, http://www.e-flux.com/journal/69/60586/the-anamorphic-politics-of-climate-change/)

Dean 16

Case

1NC

Reject the theory of Anthropocene --- it is wholly relative and lacks a meaningful heuristic for political change

Dean 16 (Jodi, Prof of Politics Science @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges & Erasmus Prof of the Humanities @ Erasmus U, “The Anamorphic Politics of Climate Change,” E-Flux #69, http://www.e-flux.com/journal/69/60586/the-anamorphic-politics-of-climate-change/)

Dean 16

AFF

Impact Turns

Chinese Econ Growth Bad - Environment

China economic engagement bad – speeds up deindustrialization and exploits environmentally sensitive areas

Gallagher 5/10/13 (Kevin Gallagher, professor of international relations at Boston University and a research fellow at the Global Development and Environment Institute, “Latin America playing a risky game by welcoming in the Chinese dragon”, http://www.bu.edu/bucflp/2013/05/30/5464/) (JN)

Gallagher 5/10/13 ) (JN)

Link Answers

Link Answers

AT – Trump Voters Waver

Trump’s supporters don’t waver – they support him even though they admit he was wrong

Graham, Atlantic U.S. politics and global news writer, 7-5-17 [DAVID A., 7-5-17, The Atlantic, “Why Fact-Checking Doesn't Faze Trump Fans”, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/the-strange-effect-fact-checking-has-on-trump-supporters/532701/, accessed 7-6-17, DTG]

Graham, Atlantic U.S. politics and global news writer, 7-5-17

Aff Uniqueness & Link Answers

Link Answers

AT – Trump Voters Waver

Trump’s supporters don’t waver – they support him even though they admit he was wrong

Graham, Atlantic U.S. politics and global news writer, 7-5-17 [DAVID A., 7-5-17, The Atlantic, “Why Fact-Checking Doesn't Faze Trump Fans”, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/the-strange-effect-fact-checking-has-on-trump-supporters/532701/, accessed 7-6-17, DTG]

Graham, Atlantic U.S. politics and global news writer, 7-5-17

2AC

DA — Xi Good

2AC — Xi Good DA

2 — doves — the plan quells nationalism within China’s government

Mutschler 13 — Max M. Mutschler (German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Berlin, Germany), 2013 “Arms Control in Space: Exploring Conditions for Preventive Arms Control”, Palgrave Studies In International Relations Series, (pg. 183-184)

Mutschler 13