id
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 12
164
| answers
stringlengths 5
3.27k
|
|---|---|---|
45dd7a8f5232d0ac747d9bf9f2c528eb | Could issues before birth put me at risk for testicular cancer? | Issues before birth: Conditions related to your mother's pregnancy could play a role as well. They include abnormal bleeding and estrogen, or hormone, therapy. If you find a lump in your testicle, go to a doctor so he can check it. |
644ba3bec36df7d323c2bace6bc18874 | How is a previous diagnosis related to testicular cancer? | Previous diagnosis: If you've already been cured of cancer in one testicle, you have a 4% chance of getting it again in the other one. |
a2048ce461c3b269e886c977a25c0294 | How are fertility problems linked to testicular cancer? | Fertility problems: If you have trouble making a woman pregnant, you are more likely to be diagnosed with testicular cancer. You should ask your doctor to screen you. |
24e1404e22d73832782b7c36ced7c28c | Am I at a higher risk for testicular cancer if I have HIV? | HIV infection: The virus that causes AIDS has been linked with it. |
5cf4ec71dfc185c6b187723a5a08485b | What is testicular cancer? | Men have two testicles, sometimes called testes. They are one of many glands in the body. Their job is to make male hormones and sperm. They hang beneath and behind a man's penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. Each testicle is connected to what's called the spermatic cord. It's made up of a sperm duct, nerves, and blood vessels. Testicular cancer may spread slowly or quickly. It can go to nearby lymph nodes, the lungs, the liver, bones, and possibly the brain. |
1ff8cca6ab6effe811cde8fd8382be7d | How is family history related to testicular cancer? | Family history: It may also run through the generations, from parent to child. Men with the genetic disorder Down syndrome have a higher chance of getting it. |
95dff2ae40fe6a917ffcf72a2f4361aa | What causes testicular cancer? | But they have been able to find some links to other conditions. |
0bc0a494a391735a7d8919df38952b52 | Can I get testicular cancer again if I have had it before? | Previous diagnosis: If you've already been cured of cancer in one testicle, you have a 4% chance of getting it again in the other one. |
0db391ae2127c9d8cd25cf21b3443e57 | Where does testicular cancer occur? | Men have two testicles, sometimes called testes. They are one of many glands in the body. Their job is to make male hormones and sperm. They hang beneath and behind a man's penis in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. Each testicle is connected to what's called the spermatic cord. It's made up of a sperm duct, nerves, and blood vessels. Testicular cancer may spread slowly or quickly. It can go to nearby lymph nodes, the lungs, the liver, bones, and possibly the brain. |
2a9385df435ca4ee03204d6ca4fd462f | Does the Protein Power diet work? | The Final Word It's a simple dieting approach that essentially eliminates one major food group, and, like any restrictive diet, it is difficult for most people to sustain for a long time, . This diet will help you lose weight, but if you have a specific nutritional need this may not be the diet for you. You may need to take a daily supplement to cover any nutritional gaps in vitamins and minerals. |
28ff46bdc43c0cc16ea175eb5c0a94cf | How well does the Protein Power diet work? | A high-protein diet will help you lose weight. A number of studies show that diets higher in protein keep you fuller better than other types of diets. Other studies show that restricting carbs, as a result of a high-protein diet, causes more weight loss. But calories still count! |
bd7f94a0802b926d41082d89b74ea738 | Are proteins important when eating healthy for weight loss? | Proteins help repair and maintain your body, including muscle. You can get protein in all types of food. Good sources include fish, meat, poultry, eggs, cheese, nuts, beans, and other legumes. |
a5a7bb278fa17932db5c55b0bd16916a | What minerals are important when eating healthy for weight loss? | Minerals, like vitamins, must come from the diet. Your body needs them, but it can't make them. You need more of some minerals (such as calcium, potassium, and iron) than others. For instance, you need only small amounts of the minerals zinc, selenium, and copper. |
aa66fa85c3df9ccd870f43f0c8b4299b | How many calories should I eat per day when eating healthy for weight loss? | A dietitian can help you figure that out. Don't cut your calories too much, or your diet is going to be hard to stick with and may not give you the nutrients your body needs. |
aa7b39fb3f19f3bf56513e0d43c3dac8 | How does the eye exam change for my older child? | If your child is a bit older, she may be asked to identify pictures such as a plane, a house, a duck, or a hand. Correcting poor visual acuity is very important in a child's sight development. |
ddb7a59de627067fa7a48dfddaffd8ff | How can stress make skin problems worse? | For example, stress can aggravate psoriasis, rosacea, and eczema. It can also cause hives and other types of skin rashes and trigger a flare-up of fever blisters. |
9d1812e768c25dea34c301502a2b6cf1 | How can stress affect your body? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Stress can affect your whole body, including your hair, nails, and skin. Since stress is a part of life, what matters is how you handle it. |
b223eaeb4dbaf5dc9590b8ed04ac7c8b | What are some ways to ease the effects of stress on your skin? | Try these approaches: Don't neglect your skin. Take care of it, even if you're tired or stressed. Get regular exercise. It's good for your skin and the rest of your body. Take time for yourself to do something you enjoy, even if you only have 10 minutes. Take a bath or read a book. Take a walk around the block. Practice stress management techniques, such as breathing exercises, yoga, meditation, or visual imagery. Get enough sleep. Seven to 8 hours each night is ideal. Say no. It's OK to set limits and boundaries to lower your stress. Talk to someone. Seek support from a friend or a professional therapist. |
60bcdb73d7a7c0d3f6a821dd7ca7e392 | How does stress affect your skin? | Stress causes a chemical response in your body that makes skin more sensitive and reactive. It can also make it harder for skin problems to heal. Have you ever noticed that you break out more when you're stressed? This is because stress causes your body to make hormones like cortisol, which tells glands in your skin to make more oil. Oily skin is more prone to acne and other skin problems. |
678fb8a6e7c9d2051234769dba3b9dd1 | How long does a spinal x-ray last? | An X-ray takes about 5 minutes to complete. But you may in the room for longer, depending on how many images and views your doctor needs. When your X-ray session is done, the technician will process the images. He may ask you to wait a few minutes to make sure the pictures are clear. |
613cc9407f1b413fe7ca58186ad8868e | Should I get tested for HPV? | If you're healthy, doctors don't routinely test for HPV. For women, the Pap test doesn't check for HPV. It looks for changes in cells in your cervix. If you have certain changes in those cells, your doctor may ask the lab to check for the virus. If you're over age 30 and your pap is normal, your doctor may still test you for HPV. This is called âco-testing.â If you have HPV and abnormal cervical cells, your doctor might order more tests right away. If you have HPV but your Pap results are normal, you may also need to get checked again in a year. |
799b42d3324f73e2696467cb3dc0cc12 | What can help with the anxiety and sadness that can come with alopecia areata? | Support groups are out there to help you deal with the psychological effects of the condition. Remember, even if you lose all your hair, it could grow back. And if it doesn't, there are all kinds of great options if want to cover your hair loss. If you notice sudden hair loss, always check with a doctor. There can be a lot of other reasons for it besides alopecia areata. |
faa621158833a357d2302fda72c129f9 | Which type of doctor treats alopecia areata? | If you think you do have alopocia areata, you may want to see a dermatologist. |
7f962a503ab2c9247d90ed439876deac | How is eczema diagnosed and treated? | There are no blood or lab tests to diagnose eczema. Your doctor will look at your skin and assess your symptoms to figure out the severity of your eczema, and decide on treatment. Each different type of eczema can range in severity from mild to severe. Don't be surprised if your doctor thinks your eczema is less severe than you believe it is. One study found that 40% of patients rated their eczema as severe while just 18% of doctors gave it the same rating. |
09cbaa56bb47bc1400ca3b260b8bdc69 | What tools do doctors use to find the severity of your eczema? | The most common tools to find the severity of eczema are the Eczema Area and Severity Index ( EASI) and the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index ( SCORAD). The EASI looks at four body regions (head/neck, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities), how much of each region is affected, and the severity of the eczema. With SCORAD, doctors try to objectively look at the severity (extent of skin involved, intensity of symptoms) of atopic dermatitis. |
c84f946c53331622dc34ba2a284198d6 | What is nummular eczema? | Nummular eczema: " Nummular," the Latin word for "coin," refers to the coin-shaped spots on the skin. It's also called discoid eczema because the scaly patches look like discs. Its cause is unknown, although the spots, which can be dry and scaly or weeping (and may or may not be itchy) might be triggered by reactions to inflammation or dry skin. The lower legs, forearms, and trunk are the most commonly affected areas. |
45a9171e831a67422bcc4d7b636052ae | Which non drowsy antihistamines can you take for chronic hives? | The meds come in different forms: Non-drowsy: Your doctor will probably want you to try over-the-counter options like cetirizine ( Zyrtec), fexofenadine ( Allegra), and loratadine ( Claritin) first. They won't make you sleepy. They usually only cause mild side effects, like dry mouth and eyes. It's important to take these every day, not just when you have a breakout. |
d6b90882379cdee0cff925c675123519 | How is omalizumab (Xolair) used to treat chronic hives? | Omalizumab ( Xolair) is approved for those who don't get relief from antihistamines. Your doctor injects it under your skin. Experts think it blocks a different chemical in your immune system that contributes to hives. |
96142e6aa1722f38159f6f9acf84ae48 | What are the side effects of omalizumab (Xolair) for chronic hives? | Side effects of this medication include: Headache Upset stomach A slightly higher chance of heart disease or a stroke Rarely, a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis If those drugs don't work, your doctor may try anti-inflammatory medications or something called an immunosuppressant, which curbs your immune system. |
2ea1c14d81d5ee6b0fe16eda3a50b5d5 | How are antihistamines used for chronic hives? | Talk to your doctor about these options: These medications block something called histamine. That's a chemical in the skin that can cause allergy symptoms like hives. |
1b9daa3e19ea918ace21ff5d1f3b0fe0 | How do steroids work to treat chronic hives? | If antihistamines don't help, your doctor might prescribe a corticosteroid. These drugs calm the immune system. That can make your hives less severe. You can get them in a shot or a pill. |
b367f01d209a036062314e035818639e | Whatâs the treatment for thrush? | But the symptoms may be worse and harder to treat in people with weak immune systems. Your doctor will probably prescribe antifungal medications that you'll have to take for 10 to 14 days. These come in tablets, lozenges, or liquids, and are generally easy to take. Since the infection can be a symptom of other medical problems, your doctor may also want to run other tests to rule these out. |
f55fd1a889a4bb2acdb8d188d3220286 | What causes thrush? | Small amounts of the candida fungus are in your mouth, digestive tract, and skin. It's supposed to be there, and it's usually kept under control by the other bacteria in your body. But sometimes, certain illnesses or medications, like corticosteroids or antibiotics, can disturb the balance. This can cause the fungus to grow out of control. That's when you get thrush. |
7f2ead65dab38a591c341d46bc6cfe57 | What is thrush? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you notice a strange white rash inside your mouth, you may have a condition called thrush. It's an infection caused by the candida fungus, which is yeast. You can get it in your mouth and other parts of the body. It can cause diaper rash in infants or vaginal yeast infections in women. Anyone can get thrush, but it happens most often to babies and toddlers, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. |
0d4d995cd2fb33fe5cc3edad038ac7ea | What other medical conditions can cause thrush? | So can a number of medical conditions, like: Uncontrolled diabetes HIV infection Cancer If you smoke or wear dentures that don't fit right might, you're also more likely to get thrush. And babies can pass the infection to their mothers while breastfeeding. |
2bf46956017704cba4951ba457f4ea74 | How can thrush spread? | In very bad cases, they can spread into your esophagus and cause: Pain when you swallow or difficulty swallowing A feeling that food is stuck in your throat or in the middle of your chest Fever, if the infection spreads beyond the esophagus The fungus that causes thrush can spread to other parts of the body, like the lungs, liver, and skin. This happens more often in people with cancer, HIV, or other conditions that weaken the immune system. |
6e48d737a8abac4f2f644172b708efbd | How can I prevent thrush? | Practice good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss at least once a day. Get regular dental checkups. Especially if you have diabetes or wear dentures. Even if you're healthy and don't have dental issues, you should get your teeth cleaned by your dentist every 6 months. Treat chronic health issues. A condition such as HIV or diabetes can disturb the balance of bacteria in your body and lead to thrush. If you're taking medications for an ongoing health condition, take them regularly, as directed. Don't overuse mouthwashes or sprays. Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash once or twice a day to help keep your teeth and gums healthy. Using any more than that may upset the normal balance of bacteria in your mouth. Clean inhalers after using them. If you have a condition like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), clean your inhalers after each use to kill germs. Limit foods that contain sugar and yeast. Bread, beer, and wine will cause extra yeast growth. If you smoke, quit. Ask your doctor or dentist about ways to help you kick the habit. |
bfdd5f768afa1a55365bebf62150b5d4 | How effective is a cervical cap in preventing pregnancy? | Estimates vary, but the CDC says that of 100 women who use the cap, about 12 will accidentally get pregnant in a typical year. It's less effective if you've had a baby by vaginal birth. And you need to follow the instructions exactly for it to work right. |
1119046a5a65c824a1b6a33eceee840c | How do I use a cervical cap? | The woman coats the inside of the cap with spermicide, and inserts it into her vagina and up to her cervix before sex. The cap blocks the cervix and the spermicide kills the sperm. You must keep the cap in place for at least 6 hours after sex. During that time, if you have sex again, you don't need to reapply the spermicide. But you should check that the cap is still in place. The woman uses her fingers to take the cap out. It's important to do that within 48 hours (2 days) after having sex. If you leave it in, there's a chance you could get a staph infection that gets out of control and becomes toxic shock syndrome, which needs immediate medical care. |
5cbc21ce2594ae3a0a43769727675b02 | What does molluscum contagiosum look like? | The condition usually results in papules that: Are generally painless, but can itch Are small (2 to 5 millimeter diameter) Have a dimple in the center Are initially firm, dome-shaped, and flesh-colored Become softer with time May turn red and drain over time Have a central core of white, waxy material Molluscum contagiosum usually disappears spontaneously over a period of months to years in people who have normal immune systems. |
9351b7fbc4fff5eec6810cd5063718c1 | How is molluscum contagiosum diagnosed? | If the diagnosis is in question, a doctor can confirm the diagnosis with a skin biopsy -- the removal of a portion of skin for closer examination. |
31541c27c40e95c38366b0efe6ac8884 | How is molluscum contagiosum treated? | Molluscum contagiosum is usually self-limited, so treatment is not always necessary. However, individual lesions may be removed by scraping or freezing. Topical medications, such as those used to remove warts, may also be helpful in lesion removal. Note: The surgical removal of individual lesions may result in scarring. |
8cea12bf46651e8b850f60e0fd843e8f | What causes molluscum contagiosum? | Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus (the molluscum contagiosum virus) that is part of the pox virus family. The virus is contagious through direct contact and is more common in children. However, the virus also can be spread by sexual contact and can occur in people with compromised immune systems. Molluscum contagiosum can spread on a single individual through scratching and rubbing. |
f2a3fc2921b9bc9bf9783d57a08b7c26 | How does primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) differ from other types of multiple sclerosis? | A few things make it different from other types of MS: People with primary progressive MS are usually older when they're diagnosed -- an average age of 40. Roughly equal numbers of men and women get it. In other types of the disease, women outnumber men 3 to 1. It usually leads to disability earlier than the most common type, relapsing-remitting MS. You may have heard PPMS referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis ( PRMS), but this terminology is no longer used. |
c813bfa1a91392cf066b720aed95e64b | What is the outlook for people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Eventually, most people with relapsing-remitting MS will move on to a secondary progressive phase of MS. After living with relapsing-remitting MS for many years, most people will get secondary progressive MS. |
e4dfc23034bc1539914c8cfed1de60ba | What are the symptoms of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Eventually, most people with relapsing-remitting MS will move on to a secondary progressive phase of MS. After living with relapsing-remitting MS for many years, most people will get secondary progressive MS. In this type, symptoms begin a steady march without relapses or remissions. ( In this way, it's like primary progressive MS.) The change typically happens between 10 and 20 years after you're diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS. |
dfd63a6eba56e9aa623c8c84f079cace | What causes the shift from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS)? | But scientists know a few things about the process: The older a person is when she's first diagnosed, the shorter the time she has before the disease becomes secondary progressive. People who don't fully recover from relapses generally move to secondary progressive MS sooner than those who do. The process of ongoing nerve damage changes. After the transformation, there's less inflammation and more of a slow decline in how well the nerves work. |
6e9608f7266c663782205488027cf0d6 | Are there different types of multiple sclerosis? | Doctors have identified a few major types of MS. The categories are important, because they help predict how severe the disease can be and how well treatment will work. |
1d4fd6ac7aef1f616083a8bb0c6100b0 | How effective are treatments for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Secondary progressive MS is tough to treat, and the disease can be hard to handle day to day. Symptoms get worse at a different rate for each person. Treatments work moderately well, but most people will have some trouble using their body like they used to. |
0da51bd86a82c83bd9038654c1bcc56e | What are some drugs that turn down the immune system when dealing with severe eczema? | Drugs that turn down your immune system: Some steroid-free drugs can stop your immune system from overreacting and attacking your skin. Cyclosporine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate are pills taken by mouth to ease itching and give your skin a chance to heal. But they do come with side effects like increased blood pressure and an upset stomach. They also put you at an increased risk for infections and cancer. |
6ec4b94adb594352253eb36ec9da028b | What should someone do if they have tried home remedies for severe eczema? | Be aware that once the steroids clear your system, your symptoms may come back. |
783530b397abef614334564f14fe3226 | How does talk therapy treat severe eczema? | Talk therapy: Having eczema can make you feel anxious, angry, or hopeless. The stress you feel can make your skin worse. Talking to a therapist or counselor can help you realize that you do have some control over your health -- or at least how you react to it. You can also join a support group with others who have eczema and are dealing with many of the same feelings. |
f720e2ffa03d9907960505a42026e890 | What are some creams that can help treat severe eczema? | Crisaborole ( Eucrisa), pimecrolimus ( Elidel), and tacrolimus ( Protopc) are creams or ointments that can treat itching and rashes caused by eczema. Because there may be a rare link between these drugs and skin cancer, you should only use them for short periods of time. They should never be given to people with chronic health problems or to children younger than 2. |
b4a72f4538b3a82129ead7e83e0f427b | How do antihistamines help with severe eczema? | Antihistamines: These drugs won't stop a flare, but they may be able to relieve itching. Diphenhydramine ( Benadryl), which you can buy at the store, is a good choice. So are hydroxyzine ( Atarax) and cyproheptadine ( Periactin), which your doctor can prescribe. Take them at night, as all of these will make you sleepy. |
abbf2f8575384697586cea4def3e2e63 | How do antibiotics treat severe eczema? | Antibiotics: Antibiotics won't relieve your itching or skin redness. Still, you may take them if your eczema gets infected. |
33f142e28afc8f7250c8d00577381c47 | How does phototherapy treat severe eczema? | Phototherapy: If your doctor suggests âlight therapy,â you'll sit under a special machine that emits UVB light. UVB rays are the type that can give you a sunburn. But when you're exposed to very small amounts, they actually help your skin. UVB rays can reduce itching and inflammation. They can also help your skin resist bacteria that can cause infections. Up to 70% of people with stubborn eczema see their symptoms improve after about a month of light therapy. |
fe6982b5f51b164bb5d0b4efc5d0941b | How do diet changes help treat eczema? | Diet changes: A certain food is likely not the only cause of your eczema, but it could play a part. Certain foods may trigger a change in your skin within minutes or cause a flare days later. If you're having a hard time clearing up your eczema with medicines, your doctor could suggest you try a food elimination diet. You may also need to be tested for food allergies. This can confirm which foods are making your skin worse so you know to avoid them. |
2d5c88fda0dd10cbbf79fe93588836b5 | How does stress reduction treat severe eczema? | Stress reduction: If you're not at ease talking with a therapist, there are other ways to ease your stress. Hypnosis, guided imagery, and meditation have all been shown to help ease eczema symptoms. You can also try biofeedback. During a treatment session, sensors attached to your body will measure your heart rate, muscle tension, and brain waves. Once you learn what it feels like when your body is upset or stressed, you can learn to calm yourself. |
f1ae1c63657adbdb6d70c464b38677a1 | How can weight loss help your knee osteoarthritis (OA)? | If you're overweight, you can cut your pain when you shed a few pounds. A leaner "you" can ease pressure on your joints, reduce inflammation, and help you get around more easily. Even if you don't have knee OA now, you may cut your risk of getting it if you keep your weight under control. |
b38ffc0ddc4c81bb34682868e584d83a | What can you do to lose weight when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)? | If you're very overweight or have other health problems, talk to your doctor about other options like low-calorie diets, gastric surgery, or weight loss medications. |
623715c771682546e2f378ec1600d42c | Why do you need to lose weight when you have knee osteoarthritis (OA)? | When you carry extra pounds you also speed up the loss of cartilage in your knees. That's the stuff that creates a cushion between your bones. If you don't have enough, your bones start to rub against each other. And that leads to irritation, pain, and swelling. When you drop a few pounds, you won't reverse your OA or create new cartilage. But it can ease your symptoms, improve how well you get around, and prevent more damage to your joints. |
659be9f96d1712116b2fc983dcdb74ee | What are other possible causes of strokes relative to carotid artery disease? | A stroke can occur if: The artery becomes extremely narrowed There's a rupture in an artery to the brain that has atherosclerosis A piece of plaque breaks off and travels to the smaller arteries of the brain A blood clot forms and obstructs a blood vessel Strokes can occur as a result of other conditions besides carotid artery disease. For example, sudden bleeding in the brain, called intracerebral hemorrhage, can cause a stroke. Other possible causes include: Sudden bleeding in the spinal fluid space -- subarachnoid hemorrhage Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Blockage of tiny arteries inside the brain The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease. |
9b89041cb62440a83d68de88786e02bd | How is computerized tomography angiography (CTA) used to diagnose carotid artery disease? | More detailed than an X-ray, a CT uses X-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images of the carotid arteries. Images of the brain can be collected as well. With this imaging test, the scan may reveal areas of damage on the brain. The CT scan uses a low level of radiation. |
059efa09640c612682d806c5c53ec891 | How is a carotid ultrasound used to diagnose carotid artery disease? | This noninvasive, painless screening test uses high-frequency sound waves to view the carotid arteries. It looks for plaques and blood clots and determines whether the arteries are narrowed or blocked. A Doppler ultrasound shows the movement of blood through the blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging does not use X-rays. |
a5536a24c28f8b4d6911bef4185197c9 | Whatâs the treatment for carotid artery disease? | To effectively treat carotid artery disease, doctors recommend the following: Following recommended lifestyle habits. Taking medications as prescribed. Considering a procedure to improve blood flow, if your doctor believes it could help reduce your risk of future stroke. |
85ae4ee2f12cd6569ee8c43645071647 | How is carotid artery stenting (CAS) used to treat carotid artery disease? | Carotid artery stenting ( CAS) is a newer treatment option. It's less invasive than carotid endarterectomy and is performed in a catheterization laboratory. With CAS, a small puncture is made in the groin. A specially designed catheter is threaded to the area of narrowing in the carotid artery. Once in place, a small balloon tip is inflated for a few seconds to open the artery. Then, a stent is placed in the artery and expanded to hold the artery open. A stent is a small tube that acts as a scaffold to provide support inside your artery. The stent is usually made of metal and is permanent. It can also be made of a material that the body absorbs over time. Some stents have medicine that helps keep the artery from getting blocked again. CAS is a newer procedure, and there is still some controversy as to how well it prevents strokes caused by carotid artery disease. Research suggests that the standard CEA may be safer than CAS, which may raise the risk of stroke or death post procedure. |
ebf5415ea31d30396ff741524b8fba3f | What are some recommended lifestyle changes for people with carotid artery disease? | To keep carotid artery disease from progressing, the following lifestyle changes are recommended: Quit smoking. Control high blood pressure. Control diabetes. Have regular checkups with your doctor. Have your doctor check your cholesterol and get treatment, if necessary. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Maintain a healthy weight. Exercise at least 30 minutes most days of the week. Limit alcohol to 1 drink per day for women, 2 for men. |
5e40e4e8e1fb95cca6ee1fd038b08fc4 | What are the risk factors for carotid artery disease? | Other possible causes include: Sudden bleeding in the spinal fluid space -- subarachnoid hemorrhage Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy High blood pressure Blockage of tiny arteries inside the brain The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease. They include: Age Smoking Hypertension (high blood pressure) -- the most important treatable risk factor for stroke Abnormal lipids or high cholesterol Insulin resistance Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Family history of atherosclerosis, either coronary artery disease or carotid artery disease Men younger than age 75 have a greater risk than women in the same age group. Women have a greater risk than men older than age 75. People who have coronary artery disease have an increased risk of developing carotid artery disease. Typically, the carotid arteries become diseased a few years later than the coronary arteries. |
7822f975db6135a98b8819b744330ec4 | How is a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) used to treat carotid artery disease? | This has been the commonly performed procedure for patients who have carotid atherosclerosis and TIAs or mild strokes. While you're under general anesthesia, an incision is made in the neck at the location of the blockage. The surgeon isolates the artery and surgically removes the plaque and diseased portions of the artery. Then, the artery is sewn back together to allow improved blood flow to the brain. The risks and benefits of CEA depend on your age, the degree of blockage, and whether you've had a stroke or TIA. |
1d14e6bb768fa31824d5adad98c0965c | What is flexible sigmoidoscopy? | A doctor uses it to view the lining of the rectum and the lower third of the colon. |
159cf295c99b67d1ccc599ffc5690e70 | What happens after a flexible sigmoidoscopy? | After the procedure, your doctor will talk with you about the results. You may go back to your normal diet and activities. If the doctor found any growths, or polyps, during the procedure, you may get a biopsy (removal of tissue) of the polyp or polyps. Or your doctor may recommend that you get a complete colon exam, by colonoscopy with polyp removal. |
1c0b53f357e34ce5d15391c3ae57867a | How do you prepare for a flexible sigmoidoscopy? | First, tell your doctor if you: Are pregnant Have a lung or heart condition Are allergic to any medications Have diabetes or take drugs that may affect blood clotting If you take certain medicines, your doctor may need to adjust them before you get this test. You may need to take antibiotics before the sigmoidoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have a history of endocarditis No. |
b1a65b4314c5ccc3891fbf4a34db2460 | When do you need to take antibiotics before a flexible sigmoidoscopy? | You may need to take antibiotics before the sigmoidoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have a history of endocarditis No. |
2c5cf0a02f2f868811a89f9ac23f55ef | What happens during a flexible sigmoidoscopy? | A flexible sigmoidoscopy usually lasts from 10 to 20 minutes. You may not need to be sedated. Your doctor will have you lie on your left side, with your knees drawn up. He will insert the sigmoidoscope through the rectum and pass it into your sigmoid colon. The doctor will use a small amount of air to expand the colon to see the colon walls. You may feel mild cramping during the procedure. To lessen those cramps, you can take several slow, deep breaths. The doctor will slowly take the sigmoidoscope out while carefully examining the lining of your bowel. |
c504ca3aad642300790643321853503f | When should you see your health care provider for symptoms of prostate cancer? | That discussion, which allows men to make an informed decision, should take place based on the following schedule: Age 50 for men who have an average risk for prostate cancer and an expectation of living at least 10 years or more Age 45 for men in the high-risk group, such as African Americans and those with a father, brother, or son that was diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 65 Age 40 for men who have more than one close relative (father, brother, or son) who had proatate cancer at an early age See your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms: Difficulty initiating or stopping a urine stream Frequent urination Pain on urination Pain on ejaculation Blood in your semen Go to the nearest hospital emergency department right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Urinary tract infection - Burning pain on urination, urgency, frequent urination, especially with fever Bladder obstruction - Not urinating or urinating very little despite drinking enough fluid; producing little urine despite straining; pain due to a full bladder Acute kidney failure - Not urinating or urinating little, with little discomfort, despite drinking enough fluid Deep bone pain, especially in the back, hips, or thighs, or bone fracture; this is a possible sign of advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the bones. |
cf96d6eff4e25157bc2f36cc9a9baf78 | Who should undergo regular screening for prostate cancer? | The American Cancer Society recommends that men should not be screened before they have received information from their health care provider during a discussion regarding the uncertainties, risks, and potential benefits of prostate cancer screening. That discussion, which allows men to make an informed decision, should take place based on the following schedule: Age 50 for men who have an average risk for prostate cancer and an expectation of living at least 10 years or more Age 45 for men in the high-risk group, such as African Americans and those with a father, brother, or son that was diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 65 Age 40 for men who have more than one close relative (father, brother, or son) who had proatate cancer at an early age See your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms: Difficulty initiating or stopping a urine stream Frequent urination Pain on urination Pain on ejaculation Blood in your semen Go to the nearest hospital emergency department right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Urinary tract infection - Burning pain on urination, urgency, frequent urination, especially with fever Bladder obstruction - Not urinating or urinating very little despite drinking enough fluid; producing little urine despite straining; pain due to a full bladder Acute kidney failure - Not urinating or urinating little, with little discomfort, despite drinking enough fluid Deep bone pain, especially in the back, hips, or thighs, or bone fracture; this is a possible sign of advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the bones. |
e88ef9d0cce726faeb0341e34b7f4587 | When should you go to the emergency department for symptoms of prostate cancer? | That discussion, which allows men to make an informed decision, should take place based on the following schedule: Age 50 for men who have an average risk for prostate cancer and an expectation of living at least 10 years or more Age 45 for men in the high-risk group, such as African Americans and those with a father, brother, or son that was diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 65 Age 40 for men who have more than one close relative (father, brother, or son) who had proatate cancer at an early age See your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms: Difficulty initiating or stopping a urine stream Frequent urination Pain on urination Pain on ejaculation Blood in your semen Go to the nearest hospital emergency department right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Urinary tract infection - Burning pain on urination, urgency, frequent urination, especially with fever Bladder obstruction - Not urinating or urinating very little despite drinking enough fluid; producing little urine despite straining; pain due to a full bladder Acute kidney failure - Not urinating or urinating little, with little discomfort, despite drinking enough fluid Deep bone pain, especially in the back, hips, or thighs, or bone fracture; this is a possible sign of advanced prostate cancer that has spread to the bones. |
82cf8cf82308eed2a01b8fda197de099 | What are the symptoms of aspirin sensitivity? | Common examples include: Ibuprofen Naproxen When you take one of the drugs listed above, you might notice: Itchy rash or hives Bloodshot eyes Facial flushing Swelling in your mouth or throat Headache Stuffiness or runny nose Wheezing or shortness of breath Nausea Belly cramping This combination of problems might also be referred to as aspirin triad, and aspirin-sensitive asthma. |
686b8445c4118e66bbb2f2fbbc1684c1 | What are symptoms of bipolar depression or major depression? | 1) Bipolar mania or hypo-mania symptoms include: Euphoria or irritability Increased energy and activity Excessive talk; racing thoughts Inflated self-esteem Unusual energy; less need for sleep Impulsiveness, a reckless pursuit of gratification (shopping sprees, impetuous travel, more and sometimes promiscuous sex, high-risk business investments, fast driving) 2) Bipolar depression/major depression symptoms include: Depressed mood and low self-esteem Low energy levels and apathy Sadness, loneliness, helplessness, guilt Slow speech, fatigue, and poor coordination Insomnia or oversleeping Suicidal thoughts and feelings Poor concentration Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities |
30db70d649d952f5b90a3fcfd662fcef | What are the main symptoms of bipolar disorder? | The primary symptoms of bipolar disorder are periods of elevated or irritable mood accompanied by dramatic increases in energy, activity, and fast thinking. The illness has two (bi) strongly contrasting phases (polar): 1) bipolar mania or hypo-mania and 2) depression. |
9b0a7ec66b8095323443d2af42971eaa | What are symptoms of bipolar mania or hypo-mania? | 1) Bipolar mania or hypo-mania symptoms include: Euphoria or irritability Increased energy and activity Excessive talk; racing thoughts Inflated self-esteem Unusual energy; less need for sleep Impulsiveness, a reckless pursuit of gratification (shopping sprees, impetuous travel, more and sometimes promiscuous sex, high-risk business investments, fast driving) 2) Bipolar depression/major depression symptoms include: Depressed mood and low self-esteem Low energy levels and apathy Sadness, loneliness, helplessness, guilt Slow speech, fatigue, and poor coordination Insomnia or oversleeping Suicidal thoughts and feelings Poor concentration Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities |
4e4fc7b42608af6722f5c8b54fc20db8 | What can Medicare do to help the person with early-onset dementia? | Medicare: This federal health insurance program helps pay for some doctor's fees, medical items, outpatient prescription drugs, and all inpatient hospital care. It's for people over 65 who get Social Security retirement benefits. However, those with early-onset Alzheimer's are eligible after they get SSDI for at least 24 months. It also provides some short-term home health care in some cases. |
cd672708d628c20d73a1b3a383c4e7d2 | Why do you need an attorney for a person with early-onset dementia? | As soon as the person you're caring for is diagnosed with early-onset dementia, the two of you should meet with an attorney to create a Power of Attorney ( POA). This document gives you -- or whomever your loved one designates -- the right to make financial, property, and personal care decisions for the person with dementia. An attorney can also help your loved one create a will and other important legal documents. |
68d4afcdbf9980c61c284529b19d1630 | What can disability insurance do to help the person with early-onset dementia? | Specifically, ask about: Disability insurance: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is recognized by the Social Security Administration, so your loved one may be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance ( SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income ( SSI). |
0d309bc6f236281106d58bad0f1a12f0 | How effective is tubal ligation? | Tubal ligation is almost -- but not quite -- 100% effective. There is a slight risk of becoming pregnant after tubal ligation. That can happen if the tubes grow back together, which is very rare. |
0b1cb16b10d269373c7d4380092c44f1 | Can you get your tubes untied in tubal ligation? | But it's major surgery that requires a couple of days in a hospital. There is a good chance that you might not be able to get it reversed. It depends on what method of tubal ligation you got, how long ago that was, and whether your tubes are too damaged to undo it. Reversing a tubal ligation increases your likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy when compared to patients who have not had previous tubal surgery. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg is in the fallopian tube instead of in the uterus. It is a life-threatening condition. |
b1a0036c0dc6731d93d2548c8162b528 | Does tubal ligation protect against STDs? | The procedure is just about preventing pregnancy. Male condoms provide the best protection from most sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs), including HIV. |
365ef7c4c479a18594e227182d280e30 | What are the three treatment options for tuberculosis? | These are the three treatment options: Isoniazid ( INH): This is the most common therapy for latent TB. You typically take an isoniazid antibiotic pill daily for 9 months. Rifampin ( Rifadin, Rimactane): You take this antibiotic each day for 4 months. It's an option if you have side effects or contraindications to INH. Isoniazid and rifapentine: You take both of these antibiotics once a week for 3 months under your doctor's supervision. |
3e4ece294651eaf603288b92c9f263d6 | What is the treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis? | If several types of medications don't do the job, you have what doctors call âmultidrug-resistant TB.â You'll need to take a combination of medications for 20 to 30 months. They include: Antibiotics called fluoroquinolones An injectable antibiotic, such as amikacin ( Amikin), capreomycin ( Capastat), and kanamycin Newer antibiotic treatments, such as bedaquiline ( Sirturo), ethionamide ( Trecator), and para-amino salicylic acid. These are given in addition to other medications. The new drug Pretomanid is used in conjunction with bedaquiline and linezolid. Scientists are still studying these medicines. A rare and serious type of the disease is called "extensively drug-resistant TB." This means that many of the common medications -- including isoniazid, rifampin, fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the antibiotics that are injected -- don't knock it out. Research shows that it can be cured around 30% to 50% of the time. |
4027edb604963c3b5e6f19ec12384e36 | What are the treatment medications for active tuberculosis? | If you have this form of the disease, you'll need to take a number of antibiotics for 6 to 9 months. These four medications are most commonly used to treat it: Ethambutol ( Myambutal) Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Rifampin Your doctor may order a test that shows which antibiotics will kill the TB strain. Based on the results, you'll take three or four medications for 2 months. Afterward, you'll take two medications for 4 to 7 months. You'll probably start to feel better after a few weeks of treatment. But only a doctor can tell you if you're still contagious. If you're not, you may be able to go back to your daily routine. |
5a9c224fd8503a12965ba49305eb7740 | What are side effects for treatments of tuberculosis? | Tell your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Fever for 3 or more days Pain in the lower abdomen Itchiness or a rash Nausea, vomiting, or no appetite Yellowish skin or eyes Dark or brown urine Tingling, burning, or numbness of the hands and feet Fatigue Easy bruising or bleeding Dizziness It's important to take every dose of your antibiotics. |
1ede7644b0a91e036dd9bc101c8dbd35 | What are the two types of tuberculosis? | There are two types of TB -- latent and active. Depending on your risk factors, latent TB can re-activate and cause an active infection. That's why your doctor might prescribe medication to kill the inactive bacteria -- just in case. |
71e52fb861ca8827125f91e8d176fec2 | How do I get ready for an oral glucose tolerance test? | To get an accurate result on the OGTT, eat about 150 grams of carbohydrates each day for 3 days before the test. Don't eat or drink anything except water after about 10 o'clock the night before. You don't need to do any special prep before the pregnancy glucose challenge test. You can eat in the morning. Just avoid foods with a lot of sugar, such as doughnuts or orange juice. |
6d4adf871d787267a989f6886828ae4c | What problems can you get from taking an oral glucose tolerance test? | The OGTT has very few issues. Some people have minor side effects from the sugary drink or from the needle stick. Side effects from the drink include: Nausea Vomiting Bloating Headache Low blood sugar (rarely) Possible problems from the blood test include: Excess bleeding Fainting Infection More than one attempt to find a vein, which can hurt a little Your blood glucose level should rise after you finish the sugary drink. |
fbc6e73c20728bd279b700f714b15b83 | How is an oral glucose tolerance test done? | You'll get the OGTT at your doctor's office, a clinic, hospital, or lab. Here's what happens: A nurse or doctor will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm to test your starting blood sugar level. You'll then drink a mixture of glucose dissolved in water. You'll get another blood glucose test 2 hours later. |
7081016b8be09af5863f6ce8f6e51dbb | What does an oral glucose tolerance test tell you? | Your blood sugar level can give your doctor important clues about your health, and an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT) shows how well your body handles sugar from foods. It can tell whether you are at risk for diabetes or if you already have it. A shorter version of an OGTT checks for diabetes during pregnancy. |
dc3daa66b2cd02e6117665ceb23a6250 | What side effects are associated with the oral glucose tolerance test drink? | The OGTT has very few issues. Some people have minor side effects from the sugary drink or from the needle stick. Side effects from the drink include: Nausea Vomiting Bloating Headache Low blood sugar (rarely) Possible problems from the blood test include: Excess bleeding Fainting Infection More than one attempt to find a vein, which can hurt a little Your blood glucose level should rise after you finish the sugary drink. |
a80c31fbc33fbdc9a460c728e9ed2cb6 | How does having diabetes affect glucose? | Normally when you eat, your blood sugar rises. Your pancreas, a long gland deep in the belly, releases a hormone called insulin. It helps move sugar from your blood into your cells for energy and storage. Then your blood sugar goes back down to normal. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body uses insulin poorly. Glucose builds up in your blood. This excess sugar can damage blood vessels around your body. Diabetes can lead to heart disease, nerve damage, eye disease, and kidney damage. |
6a584502f6b558f26655f3e59cdcc80b | What are possible problems from a blood glucose test? | Side effects from the drink include: Nausea Vomiting Bloating Headache Low blood sugar (rarely) Possible problems from the blood test include: Excess bleeding Fainting Infection More than one attempt to find a vein, which can hurt a little Your blood glucose level should rise after you finish the sugary drink. |
8a028ef78dc271c92da6483bf61b9449 | When should cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) be used, and how effective is it? | CPR should be used when a person stops breathing and his heart has stopped beating. CPR keeps oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and heart until a defibrillator or emergency team arrives to get the heart beating normally. When started immediately following cardiac arrest, CPR can double or triple the victim's chance of survival. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.