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e718f92f0e28e98f8b798bea9e3fa92e | How common is alcohol abuse? | Consumed in moderate amounts, alcoholic beverages are relaxing and in some cases may even have beneficial effects on heart health. Consumed in excess, alcohol is poisonous and is considered a drug. It is estimated that between 18 million -- or one in 12 adults -- in the U. S. abuse alcohol or are chronic alcoholics. Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country's homicides, suicides, and traffic accidents. Alcohol abuse also plays a role in many social and domestic problems, from job absenteeism and crimes against property to spousal and child abuse. |
d63305853a683281392049f569d009c3 | What makes treatment difficult for alcohol use disorder? | The alcoholic's continual craving for alcohol makes abstinence -- an important goal of treatment -- extremely difficult. The condition is also complicated by denial: Alcoholics might be reluctant to admit their excess drinking either because of denial or guilt. Another barrier to receiving care is that physicians screen only about 15% of their primary care patients for alcohol disorders. Historically, alcoholic behavior was blamed on a character flaw or weakness of will; experts now consider alcoholism, and addiction more generally, a medical disease. |
b1a538469bed3be3ffd49bdc9bef2866 | What are physical effects of drinking alcohol? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The immediate physical effects of drinking alcohol range from mild mood changes to complete loss of coordination, vision, balance, and speech -- any of which can be signals of acute alcohol intoxication, or drunkenness. These effects usually wear off in a matter of hours after a person stops drinking. Many law-enforcement agencies regard a .08 percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream as evidence of intoxication. Larger amounts of blood alcohol can impair brain function and eventually cause unconsciousness. An extreme overdose, alcohol poisoning, can be fatal. |
d3290a5106f9a31121444f1f1f09258a | What causes alcoholism? | The cause of alcoholism seems to be a blend of genetic, physical, psychological, environmental, and social factors. A given person's risk of becoming an alcoholic is three to four times greater if a parent is alcoholic. While children of alcoholics have an increased risk of struggling with alcohol, many children of people who have an alcohol abuse or dependence issue do not develop a problem. |
6d09f6cbae1af7fcde16127920a300c2 | How can you train your bladder to help your OAB? | Hold your pee when you feel like you need to go. It's easier if you do it while sitting down. Sit still, and squeeze your pelvic floor muscles several times in a row. When the urge to pee passes, walk slowly to the bathroom. Be patient. It may take up to 8 weeks to see results. |
89ded6d38fe544a666eec6f6c06f2690 | What is percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation? | Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: The doctor places a needle on nerves near your ankle that affect bladder control. You'll have one session a week for 12 weeks, then maintenance treatments as needed. This procedure is done in the office. |
02dd17f44ff68ecda3dc212b99eec603 | How can losing weight help my OAB? | Exercise and weight loss can improve urinary incontinence and OAB symptoms. It'll ease the stress on your bladder and lead to fewer accidents. |
1fdcfb14953344cf8fe7ead76088d251 | What is sacral nerve stimulation? | Sacral nerve stimulation: The doctor uses electricity to stimulate the nerves that control your bladder. He'll place a small device under the skin in your butt. It sends mild electric charges through a wire to a nerve in your lower back. This helps build bladder control. This procedure is commonly referred to as a bladder pacemaker. |
56cbefe30aeccf46912b6672963e6a28 | Does smoking affect my OAB? | Cigarette smoke irritates your bladder. It can also cause a hacking cough, which could trigger leaks. |
2f221374c90aa17ac16b381fcb53e8ce | Which medications can help OAB? | Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Ditropan XL) Oxybutynin gel or patch ( Gelnique, Oxytrol), which you rub or place on your skin Solifenacin ( VESIcare) Tolterodine ( Detrol, Detrol LA) Trospium ( Sanctura, Sanctura XR) Women who've been through menopause can also use a form of the hormone estrogen that you apply inside your vagina. |
1c934c86b8726a1dfd6c606e83508ab9 | How can my diet help my OAB? | Ask your doctor if you should limit how much you drink at certain times of the day. He might also tell you to avoid coffee, tea, alcohol, sodas, and juices. Ditto for fruits like oranges and grapefruit, and spicy foods. All of them can make your OAB symptoms worse. |
919b3f2f8c47751533d53184ec9e961e | What is augmnentation cystoplasty? | In rare cases, augmentation cystoplasty, where intestine is used to make the bladder bigger or urinary diversion, an alternate route for bladder drainage for severe, complicated OAB patients may be considered Overactive bladder doesn't have to get in the way of your daily life. |
6fd2262d83b59028ce37185ef8b161ec | How is cardiac rehabilitation used to treat heart failure? | Some common types are: ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) Aldosterone antagonists ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) ARNIs (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors) Beta-blockers Blood vessel dilators Digoxin Calcium channel blockers Diuretics Heart pump medications Potassium or magnesium Selective sinus node inhibitors It's a program to help you exercise safely and keep up a heart-healthy lifestyle. It usually includes workouts that are designed just for you, education, and tips to lower your chance of heart trouble, like quitting smoking or changing your diet. Cardiac rehab also offers emotional support. You can meet others like you who can help you stay on track. |
df28d05163c7fe22409491ad9a294d5c | When should you get emergency care for heart failure? | Call him right away if you have: Unexplained weight gain -- 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way Bloating with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities A lung infection or a cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) New irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in how you sleep,like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual Less of a need to pee Restlessness, confusion Constant dizziness or light-headedness Nausea or poor appetite Go to your local emergency room or call 911 if you have: New, unexplained, and severe chest pain that comes with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness Fast heart rate (more than 120-150 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) -- especially if you are short of breath Shortness of breath that doesn't get better if you rest Sudden weakness, or you can't move your arms or legs Sudden, severe headache Fainting spells |
8d24a8464fef727e734e2e1c541d12c2 | When should I get emergency care for heart failure? | Call him right away if you have: Unexplained weight gain -- 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way Bloating with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities A lung infection or a cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) New irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in how you sleep,like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual Less of a need to pee Restlessness, confusion Constant dizziness or light-headedness Nausea or poor appetite Go to your local emergency room or call 911 if you have: New, unexplained, and severe chest pain that comes with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness Fast heart rate (more than 120-150 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) -- especially if you are short of breath Shortness of breath that doesn't get better if you rest Sudden weakness, or you can't move your arms or legs Sudden, severe headache Fainting spells |
177f474d41cfe37b52a1c1c50e92cc2c | How much salt can you have if you have heart failure? | If you have heart failure, you should have no more than 1,500 milligrams of salt every day. |
d555a7a425d51d84e3eff93d74263225 | What medicines are used to treat heart failure? | Some common types are: ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) Aldosterone antagonists ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) ARNIs (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors) Beta-blockers Blood vessel dilators Digoxin Calcium channel blockers Diuretics Heart pump medications Potassium or magnesium Selective sinus node inhibitors It's a program to help you exercise safely and keep up a heart-healthy lifestyle. |
1bbb51b7c32af96959cfc28f51b427e5 | When should you call your doctor about heart failure? | If you have anything unusual, don't wait until your next appointment to discuss it with your doctor. Call him right away if you have: Unexplained weight gain -- 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way Bloating with a loss of appetite or nausea Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities A lung infection or a cough that gets worse Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) New irregular heartbeat Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest Changes in how you sleep,like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual Less of a need to pee Restlessness, confusion Constant dizziness or light-headedness Nausea or poor appetite Go to your local emergency room or call 911 if you have: New, unexplained, and severe chest pain that comes with shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or weakness Fast heart rate (more than 120-150 beats per minute, or a rate noted by your doctor) -- especially if you are short of breath Shortness of breath that doesn't get better if you rest Sudden weakness, or you can't move your arms or legs Sudden, severe headache Fainting spells |
5abfe5197228563e7d3b5d226ca1bafb | How can excess weight and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect your body? | Dealing with RA means dealing with chronic inflammation. Most treatments focus on easing that. It not only damages the lining of your joints, inflammation can also cause problems with other parts of your body, like your: Skin Eyes Lungs Heart Blood vessels Having more fat cells brings more inflammation. That's because fat cells release proteins called cytokines. When they build up, they start the inflammation process. The more fat cells you have, the more cytokines you'll have. The more cytokines you have, the more inflammation you have. That makes RA symptoms worse and causes more damage to your body. |
9e88a0cbe38ae5e8a1a32a9905446f60 | How does excess weight affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | Nearly two-thirds of the people who have RA are overweight or obese. Carrying extra weight increases your odds of heart disease, stroke, and other chronic problems. It takes an added toll on your health if you have RA. It can: Ramp up your RA symptoms Keep your meds from working the way they should Put more stress on already damaged joints RA has no cure. |
afd1c881baa93d45d6078c4a8f5f010d | How can being overweight with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect your joints? | Whether you have RA or not, adding pounds to your frame puts pressure on your joints. The ones that bear weight feel the most strain, like your: Ankles Knees Hips Low back Spine Feet When you add that to a disorder that wears down your joints with constant inflammation, you have double trouble. |
e5b2be71a4a8b0685e750b9752c7a03c | How can being overweight affect your medications for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | Doctors often prescribe biologics like infliximab ( Remicade) or it's biosimilars, infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), Infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), as a treatment for RA. These drugs target parts of your immune system that cause inflammation. When you're overweight, the effectiveness of these drugs goes way down. Studies show they work for only about half of overweight people, compared to 75% of people at a healthy weight. Some disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs) like methotrexate ( Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall) also don't work as well when you're overweight. Doctors aren't sure why. It may be because the cytokines that fat cells add to your system keep inflammation going, no matter how you treat it. What they do know is slimming down makes it more likely that DMARDs will help you feel better. |
0e4a5f3773c459ce097391bd40e89c2e | Who is a part of a hospice care team? | It helps people live with the symptoms of long-running things such as cancer, kidney disease or AIDS, or with the side effects of the treatments. |
ee1ba3b8b8fed0836532c649f8cf4ffb | Can you get addicted to opiates for palliative or hospice care? | Researchers say people who are prescribed opioids during these kinds of cases, and use them as directed, rarely become addicted to them. It's OK to take them instead of suffering. |
bb9738b3807b5dde2edbd04ac50182ac | Will insurance pay for palliative or hospice care? | So does Medicaid, the federal-state health program for the poor. Most private insurers cover it as well. Palliative care is not as well-covered. Medicare and private insurers cover some medicines, but not others. You may want to check your policy or call your insurance company to find out. |
b403b1e55eb1e98bf53b601f02520c99 | How can tumors lead to severe hearing loss? | Cancer or benign tumors can cause severe hearing loss. This includes acoustic neuroma, paraganglioma, and meningioma. People who have one might also have numbness in their face or weakness and ringing in their ear. |
df851c8075951a04fb66cbb2e188f719 | What is conductive hearing loss? | There are three main types of hearing loss: Conductive hearing loss happens because of a problem in the ear canal, eardrum, or the middle ear that prevents sound from carrying well to the inner ear. An ear infection, trauma, a tumor, or fluid or an object in the ear (such as wax buildup) can cause it. |
19f858d0aa78cdd61a4e9d4495120c33 | Can illness or infection lead to severe hearing loss? | Measles, mumps, syphilis, and meningitis are just a few of the conditions that can cause hearing loss. |
c565e105ee9f14c92e2d2da0fa685a9a | How can trauma lead to severe hearing loss? | Injuries like a skull fracture or a punctured eardrum can cause severe hearing loss. |
3ef5523dd91478aa147336e70f52b0e3 | How can genes lead to severe hearing loss? | Scientists have found genes that make people more prone to severe hearing loss, particularly as they age. Most of the time, newborn screening tests find genetic hearing loss, but it can show up later. |
b41597e5668e3bf09e9a3c2ec8441bc3 | What is sensorineural hearing loss? | Sensorineural hearing loss happens most often from damage to the hair cells in the inner ear. Other causes include damage to the nerve for hearing, called the auditory nerve, or the brain. It's usually happens as you get older, but it also can happen because of noise exposure, chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, and your genes. |
f3943ba0931db09e3c33674a5f031de4 | How can a malformed ear lead to severe hearing loss? | Some people are born with poorly formed ears. |
a2a15b8b14760fcec88e87ee2b7089fd | How can autoimmune disorders lead to severe hearing loss? | Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, for example, may affect hearing. It's one of the main features of several autoimmune disorders, including Cogan's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Behcet's disease. |
1e55665c816ec2fb941dbe0a2931412b | What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis? | Although symptoms can differ, someone with metabolic acidosis will often: Breathe fast Have a fast heartbeat Have a headache Be confused Feel weak Feel tired Have little desire to eat Feel sick to their stomach Throw up Fruity-smelling breath is a classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). If you have these symptoms, call your doctor. You'll probably need to go to the hospital if they're severe. |
8937f9e3af1d8d6e1c211735a51024ed | How does lactic acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis? | Lactic acidosis. The cells in your body make lactic acid when they don't have a lot of oxygen to use. This acid can build up, too. It might happen when you're exercising intensely. Big drops in blood pressure, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and an overwhelming infection can also cause it. |
65a092c644a5294f2b9c4ad07fd53f75 | How does renal tubular acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis? | Healthy kidneys take acids out of your blood and get rid of them in your pee. Kidney diseases as well as some immune system and genetic disorders can damage kidneys so they leave too much acid in your blood. |
d1b8b992e6a986d2f22e649fd2f90bb8 | What are other possible causes of ALS? | Scientists are also looking at these other possible causes: Glutamate. This chemical sends signals to and from the brain and nerves. It's a type of neurotransmitter. With ALS, glutamate builds up in the spaces around nerve cells and may damage them. The medications riluzole ( Rilutek) works by lowering glutamate levels and can help slow the development of the disease.. Immune system problems. Your immune system protects your body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. In your brain, microglia are the main type of immune cell. They destroy germs and damaged cells. With ALS, microglia might also destroy healthy motor neurons. Mitochondria problems. Mitochondria are the parts of your cells where energy is made. A problem with them might lead to ALS or make an existing case worse. Oxidative stress. Your cells use oxygen to make energy. Some of the oxygen your body uses to make energy may form into toxic substances called free radicals, which can damage cells. |
15e54517a0b8815e91326b85f50ffc96 | Is there a cure for ALS? | Yet scientists now know more about this disease than ever before. They are studying treatments in clinical trials. |
365165807e1a3eec72695b76bbbc8c72 | How can ALS affect how people function? | People with ALS can still think and learn. They have all of their senses -- sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. Yet the disease can affect their memory and decision-making ability. |
bff79dfa325cc9897730b44938115c8d | What is the outlook for people with ALS? | The loss of breathing causes many people with ALS to die within 3 to 5 years after they're diagnosed. Yet some people can live more than 10 years with the disease. |
2b481d237fe4c1b6c4cce5173a2c6bac | What are the main types of ALS? | There are two types of ALS: Sporadic ALS is the most common form. It affects up to 95% of people with the disease. Sporadic means it happens sometimes without a clear cause. Familial ALS ( FALS) runs in families. About 5% to 10% of people with ALS have this type. FALS is caused by changes to a gene. Parents pass the faulty gene to their children. If one parent has the gene for ALS, each of their children will have a 50% chance of getting the gene and having the disease. |
595744bbc4d08cf7662a8e66ee35e332 | What is sclerodactyly? | Sclerodactyly - Tightness and thickening of finger or toe skin. It can make it hard to bend your fingers. |
b8b230079a4ee6b7de8b95756016dfee | What is Raynaud's phenomenon? | Raynaud's phenomenon -- White or cold skin on the hands and feet when you're cold or stressed. It's caused by blood flow problems. |
a3dcf24aa6b81634ffcab94bef323c29 | What causes esophageal dysfunction in CREST syndrome? | This is caused by scarring in the esophagus, the tube that runs from your mouth to your stomach. |
16b8a53ce2105349b53ee2bef6e44d60 | What is calcinosis? | People with this form of the disease have at least two of the symptoms below: Calcinosis -- Painful lumps of calcium in the skin. These can happen on your fingers or other parts of your body. |
798442f7aafe60d144f637ebdd870d8f | What is telangiectasias from CREST syndrome? | Telangiectasias -- Red spots on the hands, palms, forearms, face, and lips. These are caused by widened blood vessels. |
1ba64d5e2d4487c4892db48aebcbcc43 | What are the types of immunotherapy drugs that are approved for metastatic lung cancer? | Nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) both block a protein called PD-1 that normally keeps your immune system from attacking healthy cells and allows it to seek and destroy cancer cells. In order to get the drug, your tumor must have a substance called PD-1. The drug won't work if it isn't there. Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) and durvalumab ( Imfinzi) target PD- L1. These drugs are used if your cancer cells have certain genetic markers. You take all three of these drugs intravenously (through the veins) every 2 or 3 weeks. |
a30cac5e7413aaaa04b0f58ee27eea30 | Can you use immunotherapy drugs together if you have lung cancer? | Immunotherapy Drugs Together Early results hint that combining two checkpoint inhibitors might be more effective than using just one. Doctors are also testing immunotherapy drugs for lung cancer that have been approved to treat other types, like melanoma. One of these drugs, ipilimumab ( Yervoy), is being tested in combination with nivolumab to see if they work better together than chemotherapy alone. |
7c139a5c779901996aaa9831ecd4207a | Can you have immunotherapy with chemotherapy if you have lung cancer? | Immunotherapy With Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for advanced lung cancer. Different types of chemo can be used alone or with one another. Some studies have shown using a mix of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as a first strike against NSCLC to be a good approach. It helps your immune system find and destroy cancer cells. |
8edda2d2533e5df54decb657e953d686 | Can you treat metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)? | This advanced form of the disease can also be harder to treat. But new medicines that work your immune system or target substances found on or in cancer cells have emerged in the last few years. Often they're a game changer for people with one type of the disease, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC). |
d2f99e2c37715681f383d487a5b7a233 | Can you have immunotherapy with radiation if you have lung cancer? | Immunotherapy With Radiation Right now radiation is used mostly to ease metastatic lung cancer symptoms. Some doctors think that treating lung tumors with radiation first will spark an immune response and help immunotherapy drugs find and kill cancer cells. However, they need to do more research to figure out what types of tumors will respond best to this treatment and what doses to give and how often. |
0b89f9ad1a21105e8a4449f4b7114997 | What is targeted therapy for cancer? | Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which kills the cells, targeted therapy stops them from multiplying. But these drugs usually work only if there are certain changes, which your doctor will call mutations, in your genes. |
5ddff0d82063e9c06f6ff304b02428fc | What targeted therapies treat metastatic lung cancer? | Targeted Therapies These treatments can be used alone or with chemotherapy to treat lung cancer: Afatinib ( Gilotrif), dacomitinib ( Vizimpro), erlotinib ( Tarceva), gefitinib ( Iressa), necitumumab ( Portrazza), and osimertinib ( Tagrisso) all target a lung cancer cell protein called EGFR. They work if you need treatment in addition to chemotherapy. Bevacizumab ( Avastin) and ramucirumab ( Cyramza) are used with chemotherapy. They stop tumor growth by cutting off the âfoodâ -- nutrients, blood supply, and oxygen -- needed for them to grow. Alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), ceritinib ( Zykadia), crizotinib ( Xalkori), and lorlatinib ( Lorbrena) are used for cancers with a gene rearrangement called ALK. |
1f3aa84cde35d59e926c007c5fcb0a48 | What herbal remedies can affect birth control pills? | A number of these don't mix well with birth control pills. Some that you should avoid: St. John's wort. Some people use it to treat mild to moderate depression and sleep disorders. A study shows that women who took birth control pills and St. John's wort at the same time had higher rates of breakthrough bleeding and an increased breakdown of estrogen in their bodies, signs that the contraceptives might not work as well as they should. Other herbal remedies that may affect how well your birth control pills work are: Saw palmetto. Some people have tried it for hair loss. Alfalfa. It's used for kidney, bladder, and prostate problems. Garlic pills. Some people take these for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and other heart and blood diseases. Flaxseed. This is used for digestion problems like severe constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. |
147b50754ad43dfb4eabf68554f1b520 | What anti-seizure drugs can affect birth control pills? | That could make them less effective. These drugs include: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) Felbamate ( Felbatol) Oxcarbazepine ( Trileptal) Phenobarbital ( Luminal) Phenytoin ( Dilantin, Phenytek) Primidone ( Mysoline) Topiramate ( Topamax) Be sure to use another form of birth control (like an IUD, a diaphragm, or a condom) if you take anti-seizure medication. Birth control medication won't interfere with how well your anti-seizure drugs work. |
6dfcf633f4333dc836ca20459c78685a | What anti-HIV drugs may interfere with your birth control pills? | Some meds that treat HIV may interfere with the pill. They include: Darunavir ( Prezista) Efavirenz ( Sustiva) Lopinavir/ritonavir ( Kaletra) Nevirapine ( Viramune) Other HIV drugs may be OK. Talk to your doctor about what medicine is best for you. |
70e057d7d212b4125f764dbf1bf49320 | Where is the pituitary gland? | Some conditions may make you more likely to get pituitary tumors, such as: Carney complex (rare genetic disorder that causes many noncancerous tumors) Familial isolated pituitary adenoma, or FIPA (rare condition that makes your body grow larger than normal) Isolated familial acromegaly (similar to FIPA) Mc Cune- Albright syndrome (rare condition of that shows up as abnormalities in your bones and skin) Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I and type IV ( MEN1, MEN4) ( Disorders that can cause tumors in your glands) The pituitary gland is tucked in a small area just below your brain. It's very close to the optic nerves, which carry messages between the brain and eyes. |
66979d275154b14040cadc3357b35118 | What causes pituitary gland tumors? | Doctors aren't sure what causes pituitary tumors. The genes of some pituitary cells change at the start, but the change seems to happen at random. |
44dbf76696a9e4b97311f1ef001beb31 | What's the treatment for pituitary gland tumors? | You may also get: Eye exams to see if the tumor affects your vision Neurological exam to test how your brain, spinal cord, and nerves are working Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels Imaging to look inside your body for a tumor (usually CT scan, but sometimes MRI) Many tumors don't need treatment. If yours does, how it's treated depends on the kind of tumor, its size, and your overall health. For cancerous tumors, doctors generally use both surgery and radiation. |
7746697631e3f9da2c8ff15517183a8d | What genetic conditions can lead to pituitary gland tumors? | Some conditions may make you more likely to get pituitary tumors, such as: Carney complex (rare genetic disorder that causes many noncancerous tumors) Familial isolated pituitary adenoma, or FIPA (rare condition that makes your body grow larger than normal) Isolated familial acromegaly (similar to FIPA) Mc Cune- Albright syndrome (rare condition of that shows up as abnormalities in your bones and skin) Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I and type IV ( MEN1, MEN4) ( Disorders that can cause tumors in your glands) The pituitary gland is tucked in a small area just below your brain. |
a2d829b310e55f44c9b2be1b935923e2 | What are symptoms of too much growth hormone caused by pituitary gland tumors? | Too much cortisol can lead to Cushing's syndrome, with symptoms like: Easy bruising High blood pressure High blood sugar Purple or pink stretch marks Very round face Weak muscles Weight gain in the face, neck, and torso, but thin arms and legs Growth hormone manages how you grow and use sugar and fat. Too much may cause: Children to grow much taller than normal, called gigantism Face, hand, and foot bones to grow in adults, called acromegaly Heart problems High blood sugar Joint pain Sweating much more than normal Prolactin causes breast milk to flow in women. |
bf193ec1b538daf2f75e556406bc7848 | What are conditions caused by large pituitary gland tumors? | Large tumors put pressure on the area around the pituitary gland and cause: Headaches Problems with eyesight, especially loss of peripheral vision (what you can see off to the side even as you look straight ahead) and double vision They can also press on the pituitary gland, causing it to make fewer hormones. |
6ebd8a27ecd4624d0f80ce04f0d0751d | What are pituitary gland tumors? | A pituitary gland tumor is a group of abnormal cells that grows out of control in your pituitary gland. Most of these tumors are not cancerous. Pituitary cancer is very rare. |
1aabeeb3ac930f481663064c71f70081 | How are blood tests used to diagnose atrial fibrillation? | These can point your doctor to what might be causing your AFib. Blood tests may check for infection, thyroid and kidney problems, signs of a heart attack, and more. |
6e40628bbe48139735453637adc67239 | What happens during an exam for atrial fibrillation? | But your doctor may also refer you to a: Cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases and conditions Electrophysiologist, a doctor who specializes in arrhythmias First, the doctor will ask detailed questions about your: Symptoms Health habits Health problems Family medical history During the physical exam, he's likely to: Listen to your heartbeat's rate and rhythm Take your pulse and blood pressure Listen to your lungs Check for signs of heart muscle or valve problems Yes. |
e24188ba2f063e31dd248b03de7f6241 | How is a chest X-ray used to diagnose atrial fibrillation? | It can't show AFib, but it can show complications, including fluid buildup and an enlarged heart. |
e96b4ff51ee385ad57b8ce8f975406f6 | What is eczema and who gets it? | Eczema is the term for a few different skin conditions. But most of the time, it refers to a common skin disease called atopic dermatitis, which causes a dry, itchy, red rash. If you scratch it, it can start to ooze and crust over. Do it over a long period of time, and your skin can get thick and dark. Most people with eczema get it as children. Symptoms often improve by age 5 or 6, and flare-ups stop for more than half of kids by their teenage years. But many people still have the disease as adults, though their symptoms tend to be milder. It's less common to get eczema for the first time as an adult. |
9d5d8e836caa5618527bbc8b9e78197d | How can genes play a role in the link between eczema and allergies? | Researchers have found that some people with the condition have a gene flaw that causes a lack of a type of protein, called filaggrin, in their skin. It helps form the protective outer layer of our skin and keeps out germs and more. A lack of filaggrin dries out and weakens that skin barrier. This makes skin vulnerable to irritants, like soaps and detergents. It also makes it easier for allergens to get into the body. Scientists believe that that makes people more sensitive to those allergens and even some foods. |
8602a8e5f96c8da0080db969241d09e1 | How can too many antibodies play a role in the link between eczema and allergies? | Immunoglobulin E ( Ig E) is a type of antibody that plays a role in the body's allergic response. People with eczema have higher-than-normal levels of it. Researchers are working to understand why people with the skin condition make too much Ig E and what role this may play in the disease. |
63f2fc1f0e00f931dee40c650ad8c401 | How can how your body reacts to an allergen play a role in the link between eczema and allergies? | Some research has found that people with eczema may have a defect in their skin barrier. Small gaps in the skin make it dry out quickly, and let germs and allergens into the body. When allergens enter the skin, they prompt the body to make chemicals that lead to redness and swelling, called inflammation. Research also points to a problem with a type of white blood cell that releases chemicals that help control allergic reactions in the body. This may help explain why people with eczema have outbreaks when they're around allergens. |
f348c89aa252ce9a65247faf23a37985 | How will your doctor check aneurysm? | To figure out if what you're feeling is an aneurysm, your doctor will ask you questions, including whether another member of your family has had one. Then, she'll give you a complete exam, during which she'll: Listen to your heart Check your blood pressure Listen to the arteries in your neck Feel your abdomen for a mass If your doctor thinks you have an aneurysm in your aorta, the main artery in your body, you may get an ultrasound test so she can see if there is one. |
59700d2ed1d921f24d0507472076eb62 | What if surgery can't repair an aneurysm? | For inoperable aneurysms, you may be prescribed drugs to lower your blood pressure or ease the force of your heart's beating. Your chance of it bursting will go down. |
c4a20a94e14be4263a4c62e317895031 | How can you prevent aneurysm? | The most important thing you can do to prevent aneurysms is to control your blood pressure. If you have a family history of stroke or heart disease, make changes in your diet and lifestyle to improve your health. Exercise regularly. Watch what you eat. If you smoke, stop. |
b2fc70c63a2d8ab020997412003aac12 | What are the first drugs commonly used to treat children with ADHD and how do they work? | The first drugs doctors commonly used to treat children with ADHD are stimulant medicines such as: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin) Dextroamphetamine ( Adderall) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant, Ritalin) It is thought that these medicines improve ADHD symptoms by making more of the chemical dopamine available to the brain. Dopamine is found in areas of the brain that control mood and attention. |
fca428792886516643319c4e2ed68259 | Which nonstimulants are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children? | Doctors may also consider prescribing a nonstimulant drug such as atomoxetine ( Strattera), clonidine ( Kapvay), or guanfacine ( Intuniv). They mainly affect a different chemical, norepinephrine, which is also involved in attention, mood, and impulse control. Other ADHD drugs include: Armodafinil ( Nuvigil). A drug that promotes wakefulness and can improve attention, but carries a potential risk for serious skin rashes in children. Bupropion ( Wellbutrin). An antidepressant that may help attention. Clonidine ( Kapvay). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Guanfacine ( Intuniv). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Venlafaxine ( Effexor). An antidepressant that has been shown to improve attention in small studies. |
a3ac24cb64a1bdd0b7fc25246d1dd503 | What are the side effects of titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | They can depend on the medication your child is prescribed. Stimulant medications are the ones most often prescribed. Common side effects of these can include: Less appetite Weight loss Trouble sleeping Stomachache Headache Dizziness Personality changes (seems sad, too quiet, or zombie-like or irritable) Always call your child's doctor right away if you're concerned or worried about side effects. |
4ec502c43122cdce574559a33e5c472a | What are other attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs are used for treatment? | Other ADHD drugs include: Armodafinil ( Nuvigil). A drug that promotes wakefulness and can improve attention, but carries a potential risk for serious skin rashes in children. Bupropion ( Wellbutrin). An antidepressant that may help attention. Clonidine ( Kapvay). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Guanfacine ( Intuniv). A high blood pressure medicine that can improve attention. Venlafaxine ( Effexor). An antidepressant that has been shown to improve attention in small studies. Each of these drugs can have side effects. Some of these can take up to 6 weeks to start working. |
032086e409ff9b8229f55936b30bc354 | How can monitoring your child help with titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | ADHD medications affect every child differently. That's why it's important to watch your child for improvements and side effects during titration. |
9704d84b81120b1b03533f4c69894239 | What are the rare side effects of titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | Heart problems, liver problems, hallucinations (like seeing small bugs, hearing things, becoming suspicious, or having strange feelings on their skin), agitation, and suicidal thoughts can happen, rarely, with some ADHD medications. |
888e97a4286530a1322ff572d17180ec | When should you call your doctor about the side effects of titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | Common side effects of these can include: Less appetite Weight loss Trouble sleeping Stomachache Headache Dizziness Personality changes (seems sad, too quiet, or zombie-like or irritable) Always call your child's doctor right away if you're concerned or worried about side effects. One example could be that your child develops tics. These can be small repetitive body motions like blinking or grimacing. Call especially if a side effect is getting worse. Do this instead of trying to take them off a medication yourself. If you stop medications suddenly, it can have dangerous side effects. Your child's doctor can usually fix side effects. She can lower the dose, change the times they are taken, or even switch medicines. |
e03186a0a0ba71c58b95664cb619d412 | How can taking notes help with titration for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? | After your child has been taking the ADHD medicine for at least 1 week, you and your child's teachers should track ADHD symptoms. Your doctor may even give you special forms, called rating scales, to help with this. You and the teachers should be alert for and report any side effects that happen during treatment. |
8f31ca490066c3bd31e9f73194e842ea | How long does it take to find the right dosage balance for ADHD medication? | It can take time to find the right balance -- sometimes many weeks. But it is worth it. The doctor will usually tell you to give your child slightly more medicine every 1 to 3 weeks. They will continue this until your child's ADHD symptoms are controlled or they get side effects. ADHD medication dosages should always be planned just for the needs of your child. There's no blanket treatment plan that works for everyone with ADHD. |
0125631ff77c5ed3c1d837c7edea1097 | How does medication titration for ADHD work? | The doctor will start your child on a low dose of medicine. He will need to be on each medication dose for about a week. That will give you and your doctor a good idea of whether it's working. If your child starts feeling side effects, it can help you figure out how bad they might be. Some side effects slowly get better over time. |
17a2f8ee7df42f8cf7f81d5bb7ca4c4f | How often should I visit my doctor if an ADHD medication titration is going well? | If there aren't any problems after a month of treatment, see your child's doctor again. At that time, the doctor can make sure that: The medicine is working. The dosage is correct. The side effects are acceptable to you and your child. Once the proper dosage is found, experts recommend visiting the doctor regularly -- about every three months. The doctor will check whether your child's medication plan is still right and works. |
674e70f282745f5f1d76fc93cc5ebdc7 | Does ADHD medication work? | Medication is an important part of the overall treatment plan for children with ADHD. Doctors often prescribe stimulant medications or other drugs to control ADHD symptoms like: Hyperactivity Impulsivity Inattention When on a proper dose, you may begin to see some of these get better. |
30d9f92a42119322ec92e153935da646 | What are some breakfast ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol? | For breakfast: Fruit, non-sugary cereal, oatmeal, and low-fat yogurt are among the good choices for breakfast foods. Use skim or 1% milk rather than whole or 2% milk (after age 2, or as recommended by your doctor). |
2f8f3d6ab676774c91e46165cebbf7c9 | What are some lunch and dinner ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol? | For lunch and dinner: Bake or grill foods instead of frying them. Use whole-grain breads and rolls to make a healthier sandwich. Also, give your child whole-grain crackers with soups, chili, and stew. Prepare pasta, beans, rice, fish, skinless poultry, or other dishes. Always serve fresh fruit (with the skin) with meals. |
c43bb4ab9de3e3f5b659dcc0dd4a1a96 | What are some snack ideas for kids who need to lower their cholesterol? | For snacks: Fruits, vegetables, breads, and cereals make great snacks for children. Children should avoid soda, juice and fruit drinks. |
04dbaa140dded06673fb20e0ed3cfd42 | What causes high cholesterol in children? | Cholesterol levels in children are mostly linked to three risk factors: Heredity (passed on from parent to child) Diet Obesity In most cases, kids with high cholesterol have a parent who also has elevated cholesterol. |
b39455b3f4ff226cbda03624ca4e84ad | How does tailored medicine begin? | The field is still in its early stages, but doctors already use it for: Certain forms of cancer, including lung, breast, and colon cancer Rare childhood illnesses HIV and AIDS Cystic fibrosis Pharmacogenomics, or prescribing medication based on your genes Most of the time, tailored medicine begins with a genetic test. This may involve a blood or saliva sample, or in the case of cancer, a biopsy of your tumor. Your doctor will also talk to you about your health history, your condition, and your possible treatments. |
8500655891cd729bf8a85567518454de | Is tailored medicine right for you? | Tailored medicine is mostly used for people with advanced-stage cancers or conditions where there are few or no treatments, like rare childhood illnesses. If you think tailored medicine might work for you, talk to your doctor about it. You can ask, â Would getting a genetic test help guide my choice of treatment?â It's also a good idea to discuss genetic testing if you have things that raise your chances of certain health conditions, like a family history of it. If your genes show your odds are higher than average, your doctor may suggest ways to make it less likely that you'll get that disease. If your doctor says tailored medicine or targeted treatment isn't for you, standard medicines and treatments, like traditional chemotherapy for cancer, still work. And if one treatment doesn't help, your medical team will keep working with you to find others. Keep in mind that tailored medicine is still in its early stages. Medical centers and universities around the country are working to come up with new information that will help doctors pair the right patients with the right medications. |
3077fe0fbe2e5fd3f88cf5bc692c67cb | What are controllable risk factors for stroke? | Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Being overweight Existing carotid and/or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (65 and over) Gender ( Men have more strokes, women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control risk factors. |
3eb936a9c617dc294716c0701668773a | Can you prevent strokes? | Controllable Risk Factors for Stroke: High blood pressure Atrial fibrillation Uncontrolled diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Being overweight Existing carotid and/or coronary artery disease Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Stroke: Age (65 and over) Gender ( Men have more strokes, women have deadlier strokes) Race ( African- Americans are at increased risk) Family history of stroke Your doctor can evaluate your risk for stroke and help you control risk factors. |
442a93f32afa0f1258b06418025da30b | What are the common symptoms of adrenal cancer? | But you may be at a higher risk if you have one of these genetic diseases: Li- Fraumeni syndrome Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome Carney complex Multiple endocrine neoplasia Familial adenomatous polyposis Lynch syndrome If your adrenal tumor grows large, it can press against other organs. You may feel a pain in your stomach or back. Or you could feel pressure or fullness soon after you eat. You may even notice a lump. On the other hand, if your tumor is small, you might not feel like anything's wrong. Your tumor can change your levels of some hormones, which sets off a variety of symptoms. For instance, high levels of male hormones, called androgens, can cause too much face or body hair to grow. They can also enlarge the penis in young boys or the clitoris in girls. |
8fbd29cc9f65c1693d8f1c2b21098de4 | How can you check if you have adrenal cancer? | If you have any symptoms -- or have a genetic disease that puts you at risk for adrenal cancer -- your doctor can order tests to check for a tumor. These exams can also show the stage of your cancer, and if it's spread to other organs. |
4d39b65df4661f314da0097b3b5c8271 | Why does testicular cancer happen? | But they have been able to find some links to other conditions. There is one thing they do know: Testicular cancer is among the most treatable, even in an advanced stage. It is rarely life-threatening. Even if it has spread to nearby organs, you have an excellent chance of long-term survival. |
2257a68c8fd3046303b30d15a18a9f55 | How is HIV infection linked to testicular cancer? | HIV infection: The virus that causes AIDS has been linked with it. |
2ef9e559999a9ab6eef8ef5e81cac815 | Can cryptorchidism cause testicular cancer? | They include: Undescended testicle: Testicular cancer happens more often in men who were born with a condition called cryptorchidism. Early in a pregnancy, the testes form in the male baby's lower belly. Not too long before birth, they should âdropâ down into the scrotum. But for about 3 or 4 out of 100 newborns, this doesn't happen. And that rate goes much higher if the baby is born early. |
be8847e3937fabc510c8df15f65d1323 | Am I at a higher risk for testicular cancer if I am infertile? | Fertility problems: If you have trouble making a woman pregnant, you are more likely to be diagnosed with testicular cancer. You should ask your doctor to screen you. |
1e1e820657a7cefb118e4fc7080a70ca | How are issues before birth linked to testicular cancer? | Issues before birth: Conditions related to your mother's pregnancy could play a role as well. They include abnormal bleeding and estrogen, or hormone, therapy. |
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