id
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 12
164
| answers
stringlengths 5
3.27k
|
|---|---|---|
51030dc09829524ff599d6c5d826cc52 | How is Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) diagnosed? | If you think you may have RHS, you should see a doctor right away so you can begin treatment quickly. Your doctor can usually diagnose it by asking you about your symptoms and doing an exam. But she may want to test a bit of fluid from a blister to confirm it. |
58d7faca4c22fccb103f2158c2b1ea83 | What causes the reactivation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)? | In most cases, there doesn't seem to be a reason for the "reactivation" of the virus. Unlike with chickenpox, people who get shingles can get it again. |
6d9dfafd08abe5c30ea73c64958f83c7 | What muscles are affected by Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)? | Because of the nerve that is affected, RHS also usually causes some weakness in the muscles in your face. You might find it hard to smile or completely close one eye. In rare cases, you might not be able to move the muscles on one side of your face at all Other common symptoms include: Ear pain which can start before you see a rash. |
2c6e111180940bca956a8a7e1ea7daf2 | What are some common symptoms of Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)? | In rare cases, you might not be able to move the muscles on one side of your face at all Other common symptoms include: Ear pain which can start before you see a rash. Hearing loss Ringing in the ear Vertigo Nausea/vomiting The virus that causes chickenpox (varicella-zoster) hibernates inside groups of nerves. |
29cd3e93e788e669d5bb03cf7c6770c7 | What causes Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)? | Hearing loss Ringing in the ear Vertigo Nausea/vomiting The virus that causes chickenpox (varicella-zoster) hibernates inside groups of nerves. It can stay there forever and never cause trouble again -- or it can "wake up" and create a new infection in one of the nerves in your body. When it affects the nerve in your face that goes to your ear, it's called herpes zoster oticus. |
5f5eee1db66730a2c383c365d09e226b | Which drugs can treat Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS)? | If started early, antiviral drugs, like acyclovir, may help you get better faster. Your doctor also may give you a prescription for pain medication or a corticosteroid to help make you more comfortable and get rid of some of the inflammation. |
e8ab2fb1578951a7531759e3a266bf08 | How soon will Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) clear up? | Infections usually clear up within a couple of weeks. Some people have nerve pain from RHS after the rash is gone. In rare cases, surgery is needed to ease pressure on the nerve in your face. |
d9c65b7a0b838a2b8d694e29f9e61bc6 | Why is diet important for people with heart disease? | For someone with heart disease, diet is a big deal. Along with other healthy habits, it can slow or even partially reverse the narrowing of the heart's arteries and help prevent further complications. You can help a loved one who has heart disease by adopting a diet that curbs LDL (''bad'') cholesterol, lowers blood pressure, lowers blood sugar, and helps with weight loss. The best strategy: Focus on what the person with heart disease can eat, not just what's off-limits. Research shows that adding heart-saving foods is just as important as cutting back on others. |
73dbad95bb0eb561173de2239467f346 | How can people with heart disease choose fat calories wisely? | Choose fat calories wisely by: Limit saturated fat (found in animal products). Avoid artificial trans fats as much as possible. Check ingredient lists for "partially hydrogenated" oils. When using added fats for cooking or baking, choose oils that are high in monounsaturated fat (for example, olive and peanut oil) or polyunsaturated fat (such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oils). |
dfb4a51fc3eda280ade9895a452ffdf5 | How can cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) help treat anxiety? | In CBT, a therapist helps you identify negative thoughts (including anxious ones) and replace them with healthier, more realistic ones. Some sessions may include outings or social events. You may decide to see a therapist on your own and also go to a group, along with using other treatments for anxiety, such as medication. |
77fd125199bf3076c061864747dc095f | What should I do if I'm concerned about how my anxiety support group is going? | If you have concerns about how your group is going, you may want to privately talk to the therapist who leads it to see if they can change how things are done. Or you may want to try another group or one-on-one therapy. |
942c44d96385a0c8e800fa3d8d6624b8 | What are the advantages of douching? | Some women say douching makes them feel cleaner. There is, though, very little scientific evidence of benefit from douching. |
539c708fcac6872309ee70a0608d84b6 | Should you douche? | According to health experts, including those at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG), you should avoid douching. Having some vaginal odor is normal. However, if you notice a very strong odor, it could be a sign of infection. The acidity of the vagina will naturally control bacteria, and simply washing the vagina with warm water and mild soap is enough to keep clean. |
21505b14cc1ef6004faa90ae1b0e594c | What is tumor grading relative to invasive breast cancer? | After surgery to remove the tumor, a doctor will check it and assign a grade to it. The grade depends on how closely the cancer cells resemble normal cells when viewed under a microscope. Low-grade cancer cells are similar to normal breast cells. Higher grade breast cancer cells look more different. They show the cancer is more aggressive. The doctor will also test for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. This test will show whether the female hormones -- estrogen and progesterone -- influence the cancer cells. If the test is positive, it means hormones cause the cancer cells to grow. In that case, therapies to suppress or block hormones may help treat the cancer. The cancer will also be tested for a gene called HER2. If it's found, additional drugs like trastuzumab ( Herceptin) can be used. Other tests will see if the cancer has spread from the breast to other areas of the body. |
7a2107107f401979b3ec4971c8fe1e8f | What is the goal of treatment for invasive breast cancer? | The goal of your treatment is to give you the best possible outcome. Your doctor may use one or a combination of them. |
c09d9533d03c2e484b06c03c846748e1 | What are the types of invasive breast cancer? | It can remain localized, which means it stays near the site where the tumor started. Or cancer cells may spread anywhere in the body. Invasive lobular carcinoma ( ILC). This type accounts for about 10% of invasive breast cancers. ILC starts in the lobules or milk glands and then spreads. With ILC, most women feel a thickening instead of a lump in their breast. Some women may have a combination of both or a different type of invasive breast cancer. |
4a39c8b9fa58d7bb6ce91d2ec65ab5ed | What is a secondary brain tumor? | These cancers start somewhere else in the body and travel to the brain. Lung, breast, kidney, colon, and skin cancers are among the most common cancers that can spread to the brain. |
77705aa6f803e8fec9cc1afe24bb7469 | What is a primary brain tumor? | A brain tumor is a mass of cells in your brain that are not normal. There are two general groups of brain tumors: Primary brain tumors start in brain tissue and tend to stay there. |
602c4fa63eca89f3c81e116242ded0ca | What should you know about benign brain tumor? | Some brain tumors contain cancer cells and others don't: Benign brain tumors don't have cancer cells. They grow slowly, can often be removed, and rarely spread to the brain tissue around them. They can cause problems if they press on certain areas of the brain, though. Depending on where they are located in the brain, they can be life-threatening. |
643ef770459ce5bb02019800a0a601e8 | What are meningiomas? | These are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They are most likely to occur in your 70s or 80s. They arise in the meninges, the lining of the brain. They can be grade 1, 2, or 3. They are often benign and grow slowly. |
fdb76f896af959fe5cc1291ead5d4901 | How can surgery help with treating brain cancer? | Surgery is usually the first treatment. For grade 1 tumors, it may be enough. It's possible that all the cancer can be removed. But even if it isn't, the surgery can reduce the size and ease symptoms. |
16f5039faf3e03318ce8b4b37c14b7b9 | How can targeted therapy help with treating brain cancer? | Targeted therapy can be used to treat certain types of brain tumors. These drugs attack specific parts of cancer cells and help stop tumors from growing and spreading. |
c6b02d7907900872a170bad8ea0d1717 | What are astrocytomas? | These usually arise in the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. They can be any grade. They often cause seizures or changes in behavior. |
a956a53700a06f038763305b0a38bc37 | What happens during a coronary calcium scan? | These patches connect to what's called an EKG machine, which helps the person running the scan know exactly when to take pictures of your heart. If you get nervous in closed or tight spaces, you can get medicine that will help keep you calm. You may also get medicine to slow your heart so they can take better pictures. During the test, you'll lie on your back on a table that slowly moves into the CT scanner. The scanner is a hollow tube, so it's like sliding into a tunnel. Your head stays out of the tube at all times. |
f83dd2beb1ae346996ba8f15cd5d68d5 | What is a coronary calcium scan? | This heart scan uses a special type of X-ray called a CT scan. It takes pictures of your arteries, the vessels that carry blood away from your heart, to check for calcium. You may hear this scan called by several different names: Coronary calcium scan Calcium scan test Cardiac CT for calcium scoring The calcium that the scan is looking for is tied in with plaque. |
48c04533f28041d285f4d242f80f730c | How do you treat a lipoma? | Since lipomas aren't harmful, doctors often leave them alone. You may need to keep an eye on it between visits. If one hurts or you don't like the way it looks, you might want to have it removed. |
9d97e830b724cf832b00ae33ff73d979 | On which part of your body does a lipoma usually form? | You most often find them in your upper body, arms, or thighs. |
2d415d2bb25bd8df50856f1c730a78b4 | Does a lipoma come back after it's been removed? | Lipomas rarely come back once removed. |
de6c082e79caeaafd0a6092682b199c7 | What are "giant lipomas"? | Lipomas bigger than 2 inches are sometimes called giant lipomas. |
81eacedecd4ffa5e3a60ecb9dd2a510f | How can you ease psoriatic arthritis symptoms? | Keep your weight healthy, which takes pressure off your joints. |
beae217de09e068a3c5f1ef51c8adb98 | How can applying heat and coldness help with psoriatic arthritis? | You can use a warm towel, hot pack, or take a warm bath or shower. Coldness can cut back on swelling and ease pain. You can cool down with a bag of ice or with frozen veggies wrapped in a towel. |
5a4ed825e1e289d19ec073d9bb473518 | Can you exercise if you have psoriatic arthritis? | Just make sure you stick with what your doctor says is OK for you -- probably low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or biking. |
7be85a8a3ce4e8eab9200e1cedd4d618 | How can you keep your psoriatic arthritis symptoms under control? | It's natural to have flare-ups, but then you'll have times where you feel better. If you notice any new symptoms, tell your doctor. That'll help keep things in check so you don't have more joint damage. You can keep your symptoms under control with treatment. |
c9ed34ce5cd7a5c3225eb8c1a232a35f | How can you exercise to help with psoriatic arthritis? | You can work out on your own or with the help of a physical therapist. Warm up first, so your muscles can ease into it. One of your best options is water therapy, also called hydrotherapy or aqua therapy. It's an exercise program held in a pool. The water takes some of the weight off your joints, so it may be easier for you to do well. Whatever exercise you choose, make sure it's one you'll like enough to do it regularly. Also, try to be active throughout your day. You can garden, give the dog an extra walk, and fit in some stretches while you're at your kid's sports practice. |
fe180d273520062815e8fd21c76b4f7a | What happens during the blood glucose test? | During a blood glucose test, blood will be drawn and sent to a lab for analysis. |
70d49388dc6334432f4b7e6653868040 | How can deep breathing help my headaches? | Deep breathing: Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot, filling your abdomen with air. Let the air fill you from the abdomen up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow exhalation, you should feel more relaxed. |
fecf2af78741176212671aaed92f4f88 | How can rhythmic breathing help with migraines and headaches? | Rhythmic breathing: If your breathing is short and hurried, slow it down by taking long, slow breaths. Inhale slowly then exhale slowly. Count slowly to five as you inhale, and then count slowly to five as you exhale. As you exhale slowly, pay attention to how your body naturally relaxes. Recognizing this change will help you to relax even more. |
1275172b16f541ffcd76c3d46f6f0d71 | How can progressive muscle relaxation help with migraines and headaches? | Progressive muscle relaxation: Switch your thoughts to yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, exhaling slowly. Mentally scan your body. Notice your headache, if you have one, and other areas that feel tense or cramped. Quickly loosen up these areas. Let go of as much tension as you can. Rotate your head in a smooth, circular motion once or twice. ( Stop any movements that cause pain!) Roll your shoulders forward and backward several times. Let all of your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and exhale slowly. You should feel relaxed. |
fafb493c64b620aa90405077e187c837 | Are there specific relaxation exercises that can treat headaches? | Here are a few relaxation exercises. |
da8acab68de85bf447c29b50329796f7 | How can visualized breathing help my headaches? | Visualized breathing: Find a comfortable place where you can close your eyes, and combine slowed breathing with your imagination. Picture relaxation entering your body and tension leaving your body. Breathe deeply, but in a natural rhythm. Visualize your breath coming into your nostrils, going into your lungs and expanding your chest and abdomen. Then, visualize your breath going out the same way. Continue breathing, but each time you inhale, imagine that you are breathing in more relaxation. Each time you exhale imagine that you are getting rid of a little more tension. |
97266737ba6fe61d771391d1f9164f92 | How can visualized breathing help with migraines and headaches? | Visualized breathing: Find a comfortable place where you can close your eyes, and combine slowed breathing with your imagination. Picture relaxation entering your body and tension leaving your body. Breathe deeply, but in a natural rhythm. Visualize your breath coming into your nostrils, going into your lungs and expanding your chest and abdomen. Then, visualize your breath going out the same way. Continue breathing, but each time you inhale, imagine that you are breathing in more relaxation. Each time you exhale imagine that you are getting rid of a little more tension. |
d58692b9ae14b29c91b71c75b1d11d97 | What are the risks of taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) for low back pain? | Risks: It can damage the liver if it's taken in high doses. That's why doctors advise taking around 3,000 milligrams (mg) a day even though the maximum daily dose (according to the FDA) is 4,000 mg. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are alternatives to acetaminophen that you can buy without a prescription. |
011093090cb037b3aabaf37c578380b8 | What are the risks of using muscle relaxants for low back pain? | Risks: Muscle relaxants carry a big risk of side effects, like drowsiness and dizziness. |
afb760a39da83fb0fffe6c722a5a9728 | What are the risks of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be used for low back pain? | Risks: NSAIDs can cause digestive problems like nausea and diarrhea, as well as heartburn and stomach pain. Rarely, they can have serious side effects like internal bleeding and ulcers. They may also cause heart problems and kidney damage. |
da296ab331637d55d9c1286fe9e076e9 | How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat lung cancer? | Monoclonal antibodies: Made in a lab, these molecules target specific signs, called antigens, that are found on tumors. Examples used to treat lung cancer are bevacizumab ( Avastin) and ramucirumab ( Cyramza). |
2e12114d3badb0132ec1c212754eb51b | How does image-guided radiation therapy help with lung cancer detection? | Machines with built-in imaging scanners make it possible for your doctor to give radiation more precisely. He can take pictures of your lung and then adjust his aim right before giving you the radiation. It's a way to zero in on your cancer. It may also bring fewer side effects. |
5601490aabb1770f0b5984fca5852c85 | How effective is low-dose computed tomography scan in preventing lung cancer deaths? | Research shows that people who got LDCT had their risk of dying from the disease drop by 16% against those who got chest X-rays. The test is recommended for 55 to 74 year olds who've smoked one or more packs of cigarettes a day for at least 30 years and are still smoking or have quite in the past 15 years. |
2aee292f5d9f5df1604db296aa4ee10d | What are targeted treatments for lung cancer? | Scientists have learned that people with specific genetic combinations may benefit from targeted therapies like EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) blockers. afatinib ( Gilotrif), erlotinib ( Tarceva), gefitinib ( Iressa), necitumumab ( Portrazza) and Osimertinib ( Tagrisso) block a signal that tells cells to grow. The drugs alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), certinib ( Zykadia), and crizotinib ( Xalkori) have been found to help treat certain cancers with a change in the ALK gene. Some of these drugs are also used to treat tumors with an ROS1 gene change. Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) and Trametinib ( Mekinist) target certain proteins in tumors that have changes in the BRAF gene. |
ae7e774e2977c1cfcb9d3b1632f17d75 | How much time and radiation is involved in a low-dose computed tomography scan? | It takes about 15 minutes and gives you about the same amount of radiation as a mammogram. |
9507a29d044868a850c8704d565b5bb1 | How are checkpoint inhibitors used to treat lung cancer? | There are a couple of different types: Checkpoint inhibitors: Part of your immune system's job is to not attack normal cells in the body. To do this it uses so-called âcheckpoints,â molecules that must be turned on or off to trigger an immune response. Cancer cells sometimes use these checkpoints to avoid being targeted by your immune system. But four new drugs -- atezolizumab ( Tecentriq), durvalumab ( Imfinzi), nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) -- target these checkpoints and basically take the brakes off your immune system so that it can mount a better attack. |
068ed8e48ffbb4d6a4589d7b6ac9609e | Is there a way to screen people at high risk for lung cancer? | There are surgical advances, improvements in radiation, and new drugs that target specific traits of the cancer and stimulate your immune system to fight the disease. One of the things that makes lung cancer dangerous is the fact that symptoms don't usually appear until the disease is at a late stage. Doctors can now check for lung cancer in people at high risk for it using what's known as a low-dose computed tomography ( LDCT) scan. |
21947dbee784b33a6f1c52d95b276c12 | How does video-assisted thoracic surgery help with lung cancer detection? | Doctors can treat some small lung tumors using this operation. Your surgeon removes parts of your lung through smaller incisions. This makes the procedure less painful. It also can make your recovery faster. A newer approach to VATS is known as ârobotic-assisted surgery.â Your surgeon sits at a control panel inside the operating room to maneuver long surgical instruments using robotic arms. |
5ca620bed11a1ffa47e0ccf0c926c6e3 | Are there any new treatments for lung cancer? | There are surgical advances, improvements in radiation, and new drugs that target specific traits of the cancer and stimulate your immune system to fight the disease. |
3e4330a370d5d06b36b05abc7b04b94f | What should you keep in mind regarding Barrett's esophagus? | It's important to keep several facts in mind: GERD is common among American adults. Only a small percentage of people with GERD (less than one out of every 10) develop Barrett's esophagus. Less than 1% of those with Barrett's esophagus each year go on to develop esophageal cancer. A diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus is not a cause for major alarm. Barrett's esophagus, however, can lead to precancerous changes in a small number of people and has an increased risk for cancer. So, a diagnosis is a reason to work with your doctor to be watchful of your health |
d254d18f2adee116148b1fe6a2675433 | Why do you need a repeat endoscopy for Barrett's esophagus? | If you have Barrett's esophagus but no cancer or precancerous cells are found, the doctor will still most likely recommend that you have periodic endoscopies. This is a precaution, because cancer can develop in Barrett tissue years after diagnosing Barrett's esophagus. If precancerous cells are present in the biopsy, your doctor will discuss treatment and surveillance options with you. |
7d6152fcedabe596b47949001db936ac | What is Barrett's esophagus? | Barrett's esophagus is a potentially serious complication of GERD, which stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. In Barrett's esophagus, normal tissue lining the esophagus -- the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach -- changes to tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine. About 10% of people with chronic symptoms of GERD develop Barrett's esophagus. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Barrett's esophagus does not have any specific symptoms, although patients with Barrett's esophagus may have symptoms related to GERD. It does, though, increase the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is a serious, potentially fatal cancer of the esophagus. |
7113c2f4756b1ff15887dc4bb404b6dd | How is an endoscopy done to diagnose Barrett's esophagus? | To perform an endoscopy, a doctor called a gastroenterologist inserts a long flexible tube with a camera attached down the throat into the esophagus after giving the patient a sedative. The process may feel a little uncomfortable, but it isn't painful. Most people have little or no problem with it. Once the tube is inserted, the doctor can visually inspect the lining of the esophagus. Barrett's esophagus, if it's there, is visible on camera, but the diagnosis requires a biopsy. The doctor will remove a small sample of tissue to be examined under a microscope in the laboratory to confirm a diagnosis. The sample will also be examined for the presence of precancerous cells or cancer. If the biopsy confirms the presence of Barrett's esophagus, your doctor will probably recommend a follow-up endoscopy and biopsy to examine more tissue for early signs of developing cancer. |
13370253d5c8d432a1c0f0cd37070cc9 | Are there treatments that specifically target Barrett's esophagus? | Those medications may include: Proton pump inhibitors that reduce the production of stomach acid Antacids to neutralize stomach acid H2 blockers that lessen the release of stomach acid Promotility agents -- drugs that speed up the movement of food from the stomach to the intestines There are several treatments, including surgery, that are designed specifically to focus on the abnormal tissue. They include: Radiofrequency ablation ( RFA) uses radio waves delivered through an endoscope inserted into the esophagus to destroy abnormal cells while protecting the healthy cells underneath. Photodynamic therapy ( PDT) uses a laser through an endoscope to kill abnormal cells in the lining without damaging normal tissue. Before the procedure, the patient takes a drug known as Photofrin, which causes cells to become light-sensitive. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy is a newer technique that applies cold nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas, through the endoscope to freeze the abnormal cells. Endoscopic mucosal resection ( EMR) lifts the abnormal lining and cuts it off the wall of the esophagus before it's removed through the endoscope. The goal is to remove any precancerous or cancer cells contained in the lining. If cancer cells are present, an ultrasound is done first to be sure the cancer hasn't moved deeper into the esophagus walls. Surgery to remove most of the esophagus is an option in cases where severe precancer (dysplasia) or cancer has been diagnosed. The earlier the surgery is done following the diagnosis, the better the chance for the cure. |
0a3bcdb4b42e7d15ccba69a1ce7d0436 | How common is Barrett's esophagus? | Although the risk of this cancer is higher in people with Barrett's esophagus, the disease is still rare. Less than 1% of people with Barrett's esophagus develop this particular cancer. Nevertheless, if you've been diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus, it's important to have routine examinations of your esophagus. With routine examination, your doctor can discover precancerous and cancer cells early, before they spread and when the disease is easier to treat. |
585f11eed956b98da157ab617b3e8f36 | What are the side effects of leukotriene modifiers for allergies? | Side effects of these drugs are rare but may include: Stomach pain or stomach upset Heartburn Fever Stuffy nose Cough Rash Headache Irritability Some simple over-the-counter products can help with allergy symptoms. |
5ad952bda0f523bc5c953a0d9b64b236 | How are mast cell stabilizers used to treat allergies? | Mast cell stabilizers can be used to treat mild to moderate inflammation in allergy sufferers. Mast cell stabilizers are available as eyedrops for allergic conjunctivitis, and nasal sprays for nasal allergy symptoms. Like with many drugs, it may take several weeks before the full effects are felt. |
db17a58a6ecdd3d1cc171741e6e48fa0 | What are the side effects of mast cell stabilizers for allergies? | Throat irritation, coughing or skin rashes sometimes can occur. Mast cell stabilizers in the form of eye drops may cause burning, stinging, or blurred vision when they are administered. |
f35cf1f84fb0b9fd25f2d893fd596dfe | What are the side effects of decongestants for allergies? | Decongestants may raise blood pressure, so they typically are not recommended for people who have blood pressure problems or glaucoma. They may also cause insomnia or irritability and restrict urinary flow. |
091d2b35f8a7c3118e191016023b3b49 | How do leukotriene modifiers work to treat allergies? | Leukotriene modifiers block the effects of leukotrienes, chemicals produced in the body in response to an allergic reaction. |
917a706e4d52a49e1a8fab560d9af7d3 | How do antihistamines work to treat allergies? | When you are exposed to an allergen -- for example ragweed pollen -- it triggers your immune system. People with allergies demonstrate an exaggerated immune response. Immune system cells known as "mast cells" release a substance called histamine, which attaches to receptors in blood vessels, causing them to enlarge. Histamine also binds to other receptors causing redness, swelling, itching, and changes in secretions. By blocking histamine and keeping it from binding to receptors, antihistamines prevent these symptoms. |
408726679d27f1b1ba5a67e0d20de497 | What are possible complications of a hysterectomy? | Complications are rare, but can include excessive bleeding, infection, or damage to your urinary system or intestines. |
f9e38aead3b72a2b6d440b6ec087b6f7 | Is radical hysterectomy performed through the abdomen or vagina? | Most of the time, this surgery is performed through your abdomen. But your doctor may be able to use laparoscopy to remove your uterus through your vagina. This results in less blood loss, and maybe a shorter hospital stay. |
4e5348a0581ffcf69a6ba73829e9b61c | Why would I need a catheter for cervical cancer? | And, depending on where the cancer has spread, he may take your bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of your colon. If your doctor has to remove part of your bladder or colon, he'll have to create a new way for you to remove waste. You may have to have a catheter. Or, he'll attach a plastic bag to the front of your abdomen to catch urine, called a urostomy, or feces, called a colostomy. |
7d8bcc95e28fa7d09bc98982f069312c | What happens during a pelvic exenteration for cervical cancer? | If you've had cervical cancer that came back, your doctor may suggest this as a surgical option. He'll remove your cervix, uterus, and surrounding organs and tissues. He'll also remove nearby lymph nodes. And, depending on where the cancer has spread, he may take your bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of your colon. |
b774a541cd64832714f948bea14d5b6d | What is the chance of cervical cancer returning after trachelectomy? | The chance of your cancer coming back after this operation is very low. Studies show that women who have a trachelectomy have a 50% chance of getting pregnant 5 years later. But they also are at a higher risk of miscarriage than women who haven't had this surgery. |
6ae4193de540b41e0e42f4b7e4a6658b | What is laser surgery for cervical cancer? | This is performed in your doctor's office or clinic and is usually reserved for stage 0 cervical cancer. Your doctor uses a laser beam to burn off the cancer cells on your cervix. He may also cut a small piece of tissue to examine in a lab. He'll numb your cervix so you won't have any pain. |
79199f43bb39b570fc2feaebd0271fe4 | What happens during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer? | During this surgery, the surgeon removes your uterus and the tissues next to it. He'll also remove about 1 inch of the vagina next to your cervix. And, he may take some of the lymph nodes from your pelvic area. These are pockets of immune system tissue that are about the size of a pea. He'll leave your ovaries and fallopian tubes, unless it's medically necessary to take them, too. |
ebb3d31947f99ba9dffa229084c2c549 | How does cryosurgery treat cervical cancer? | Your doctor uses a gas called liquid nitrogen to freeze the abnormal cancer cells on your cervix. An âice ballâ forms, and the bad cells die. Your doctor can perform this procedure in his office or clinic. |
cfa433aabd3cd822aa357494ae162d92 | How are hysterectomies performed? | Surgeons perform hysterectomies in one of three ways: through a cut in the abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy); through the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy); or with the help of robotic instruments (laparoscopic hysterectomy). |
85271dbe2dfb84587f0498e26d385bfa | What is the recovery time for radical hysterectomy? | Full recovery time is 4 to 6 weeks. Call your doctor right away if you have excessive bleeding, trouble peeing, or believe your wound is infected. |
31d84c18660d2c451795ddf7f4edd73e | How long does pelvic exenteration recovery take? | Recovery from pelvic exenteration can take 6 months or more. |
2f75f5389b40b0c109c973e9491ac149 | What does hysterectomy for cervical cancer consist of? | In this procedure, a surgeon removes your uterus and cervix. Your other reproductive organs -- your ovaries and fallopian tubes -- are left in place, unless there's a medical reason they should be removed, too. |
b682b929f65086993066e77cd41f7080 | How do you know if you have atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | When your heart's electrical signals aren't working right, it can lead to a heartbeat that's too fast or too slow. This abnormal heart rhythm is what doctors call atrial fibrillation, or AFib for short. |
976089d34f6a612bb658f675f37b17f8 | When are you more likely to get atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | You're more likely to get atrial fibrillation if you have: Heart disease Heart failure Valve disease Had a heart attack or heart surgery Any type of AFib can lead to a stroke or heart failure. |
5e5fa3739a25fbe13455f15594c3d147 | What medications are used to treat atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | Once your heart rate is under control, they may suggest long-term treatment with a wider choice of beta-blockers: Atenolol ( Tenormin) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta, Ziac) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Esmolol ( Brevibloc) Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol) Nadolol ( Corgard) Pindolol ( Visken) Timolol ( Betimol, Istalol) Or they might have you try one of the calcium channel blockers -- diltiazem or verapamil. |
95ca9492a5a04f2ce7613e89c1fcdb7d | What can happen if you don't get treated for atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | If you don't get treated, over time the condition can damage your heart muscle and lead to heart failure. |
9aea562f008376dddc17209e2e46a6ff | What causes atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | You might feel: Like your heart is beating too fast Chest pain Dizzy Faint Short of breath Tired Weak Electrical signals make your heart beat in a coordinated way. First, the atria squeeze, or contract. Then the signal travels to the lower chambers, or ventricles. They squeeze and pump out blood to your lungs and body. In AFib, these signals don't go out correctly. Instead of contracting, the atria quiver. The flutters are too weak to send enough blood into the ventricles. In AFib with rapid ventricular response, the ventricles also beat too fast. These beats are too weak to push enough blood out of the heart to your lungs and body. |
417c5302dd4b28fb263b5a0e29b83e16 | How is an ultrasound used inside the body? | Sometimes, however, doctors and technicians can get a better diagnostic image by inserting a special transducer into one of the body's natural openings: In a transvaginal ultrasound, a transducer wand is placed in a woman's vagina to get better images of her uterus and ovaries. A transrectal ultrasound is sometimes used in the diagnosis of prostate conditions. A transesophageal echocardiogram uses the transducer probe in the esophagus so that the sonographer can obtain clearer images of the heart. |
9fdeaf87424fb7a9c508de320afdfb2f | What are the therapeutic applications of ultrasound? | Therapeutic applications. |
d30409abcad5e93edc99d5d49cdde841 | How is ultrasound used for diagnostics? | Doctors employ ultrasound imaging in diagnosing a wide variety of conditions affecting the organs and soft tissues of the body, including the heart and blood vessels, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, uterus, ovaries, eyes, thyroid, and testicles. Ultrasounds do have some diagnostic limitations, however; sound waves do not transmit well through dense bone or parts of the body that may hold air or gas, such as the bowel. |
b2747d9592b5e053514417be7986aed4 | What imaging tests can be done with an ultrasound? | Additionally, ultrasound technology has advanced to allow for different types of imaging: Doppler is a special type of ultrasound that creates images of blood flow through vessels. Bone sonography helps doctors diagnose osteoporosis. Echocardiograms are used to view the heart. |
80518deb1c734024d563265a75ab095e | How is ultrasound used during medical procedures? | Ultrasound imaging can help doctors during procedures such as needle biopsies, which require the doctor to remove tissue from a very precise area inside the body for testing in a lab. |
2b52bad5c70cfa312125c2a2e50ed615 | What are the advantages of ultrasound? | Ultrasounds offer many advantages: They are generally painless and do not require needles, injections, or incisions. Patients aren't exposed to ionizing radiation, making the procedure safer than diagnostic techniques such as X-rays and CT scans. In fact, there are no known harmful effects when used as directed by your health care provider. Ultrasound captures images of soft tissues that don't show up well on X-rays. Ultrasounds are widely accessible and less expensive than other methods. |
6c9f94203316ba32b48668f6936d8936 | How will a trained professional decide the best way to remove your tattoo? | You should first schedule a consultation with a trained professional who can evaluate your tattoo and advise you on the process. The number of treatments you will need will depend on the age, size, and color(s) of your tattoo. The color of your skin, as well as how deep the tattoo pigment goes, will also affect the removal technique. |
abd9c4db9e792db1fbf2099520412e53 | Can lasers remove tattoos? | Lasers remove tattoos by breaking up the pigment colors with a high-intensity light beam. Black tattoo pigment absorbs all laser wavelengths, making it the easiest color to treat. Other colors can only be treated by selected lasers based upon the pigment color. |
fcc0336359ca31ce00ca0bcd8908038c | Do you need anesthesia for laser tattoo removal? | Laser tattoo removal is uncomfortable, but most patients don't need anesthesia. Depending on the location of your tattoo, you may want to apply a topical anesthesia cream beforehand. |
aa0f18f0564ee349d409918657ba092e | What should you expect during a laser tattoo removal session? | In general, this is what you should expect during a laser tattoo removal session: You'll be given a pair of protective eye shields. The technician will test your skin's reaction to the laser to determine the most effective energy for treatment. The technician uses the laser to pass pulses of intense light through the top layers of your skin that will be absorbed by the tattoo pigment only. |
682d49759e69a04b457f3752720e54f0 | How many laser tattoo removal sessions do you need to completely get rid of your tattoo? | Smaller tattoos will require fewer pulses while larger ones will need more to remove them. In either case, to completely get rid of a tattoo, it will take several treatments. After each visit, your tattoo should become progressively lighter. |
4881a17bc20c800e93da13786ba2db9d | What are other non-food related causes of hyperlipidemia? | These include: Cheese Egg yolks Fried and processed foods Ice cream Pastries Red meat Don't exercise much? That can lead to putting on extra pounds, which can raise your cholesterol. As you get older, your cholesterol levels often creep up, too. Hyperlipidemia can run in families. People who inherit the condition can get very high cholesterol. That means they have a much greater chance of having a heart attack, even when they're young. |
da6f853ff281f7292d7296b40cb64eed | How does a stem cell transplant for testicular cancer work? | How it works: The stem cells in this kind of treatment don't come from embryos. Instead, they come from your own marrow, which is inside your bones, or from your blood. In some cases, another person donates some of their blood or marrow. The stem cells are frozen and stored. After your chemo, they are thawed and returned back to you through a process called infusion. |
ccae54f3385ac9c39c2931e11507ff1f | Where can I find support if I am diagnosed with testicular cancer? | Many boys and men find professional counseling or support groups help them handle the emotions that come with testicular cancer. If you notice that you're feeling depressed or anxious, talk to your doctor or a social worker about professionals you can meet with in your area. |
cb9fb1c00c8c275ec6e93da1e995bc61 | What does chemotherapy for testicular cancer do? | This uses medicine to fight cancer cells, either by killing them or stopping them from splitting into more and more cells. You may take pills or get drugs through a tube placed in a vein. It depends on your particular case. Your doctor might suggest that you get âchemo,â as it is often called, either before or after you have lymph node surgery. You might get several rounds of treatment that last for 3 or 4 weeks each, and you would take breaks in between them. |
7853a194945fe4d4daba3a890649215e | What is radiation therapy for testicular cancer? | This uses X-rays or other high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. People who have the type of testicular cancer known as seminoma often get this. Sometimes, the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen are radiated to kill any tumor cells that may have spread to them. |
d103e47f7ef50ba1a01ae50deb1517d2 | Can stem cell transplant be used for testicular cancer? | This procedure is not very common. But if you have a cancer that needs a stronger treatment, this procedure helps your body handle even higher doses of chemotherapy. It replaces blood-forming cells that are killed by the cancer treatment. |
c4bc64d473392c223ad88a374a5c7282 | What are the different types of radiation therapy for testicular cancer? | There are two types of this treatment: External therapy uses a machine that aims the radiation directly at the cancer to kill it. Internal therapy involves a radioactive substance in needles, wires or thin, flexible tubes called catheters. It is placed into the cancer cells or near them. |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.