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a8ef919915106223a589ea5761910dd0 | How can dronabinol (Marinol) help with treating AIDS wasting syndrome? | Dronabinol ( Marinol), a man-made form of an active ingredient in marijuana, has similar effects as marijuana and may improve your mood and stabilize your weight. However, insurance companies often don't pay for it. |
c6146b13c7de9fa865878f37579746ed | How are retinoids used to treat psoriasis? | Retinoids, like tazarotene ( Tazorac), can help speed up the growth and shedding of skin cells. These foams, gels, or creams are made with vitamin A and come in different strengths. Typically, you put a small dab on the inflamed area and rub it in before bed.. Doctors usually don't recommend these for women who are pregnant or might get pregnant. |
557ed6afb9fa4291827771e50d6acd76 | How is coal tar used to treat psoriasis? | It also comes in many different forms, including shampoo to treat scalp psoriasis. The weaker products are available OTC. But coal tar doesn't smell good, and it can irritate your skin and stain your clothes. And you'll need to follow the directions carefully. Some studies show that chemicals in coal tar can lead to cancer but only at very high doses. It's safe to use these products if you follow your doctor's instructions. Steroids (corticosteroids) help with inflammation and slow the growth of skin cells so they don't build up. They come in different strengths. |
2802a0cbc9f9a2234728e814becc2f2c | How are corticosteroids used to treat psoriasis? | Steroids (corticosteroids) help with inflammation and slow the growth of skin cells so they don't build up. They come in different strengths. Weaker formulas may work for sensitive areas like your face or neck or skin-fold areas like your groin or armpit. You may need stronger ones for tough-to-treat places like your elbows and knees. Steroids sometimes work better when they're used along with other medications. Your doctor probably will recommend that you use these twice a day. She may suggest that you wrap the area with tape or plastic after you treat it. This is called occlusion. It can help some treatments work better, but it may also make side effects stronger. |
df5141d3501f4f5bc9f33e6aa9ccd53c | When should I switch my treatment for psoriasis? | So over time, your doctor may suggest that you switch to different types of creams. You may also use them along with other kinds of treatments, like phototherapy or medications you take by mouth or with shots. And don't be surprised if something that was working stops -- or something that's never helped before starts to do some good. Let your doctor know what makes a difference and what doesn't. Together, you can find the treatment that's right for you. |
5219dc72c737914114dd412c34c22af0 | How are Elidel, Protopic, and Eucrisa used to treat psoriasis? | Pimecrolimus ( Elidel) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) can also help with inflammation. Your doctor may call these drugs calcineurin inhibitors. They're sometimes used to treat psoriasis when other medications don't work. Be sure to read the FDA warning on the label. There may be a link between calcineurin inhibitors and lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system) and skin cancer. |
4d95ab7fd900983a45b55faf0e099658 | How are moisturizers and lotions used to treat psoriasis? | Moisturizers and emollients you buy without a prescription can help control flare-ups. In general, thick, greasy lotions, creams, and ointments that trap moisture in your skin work best. |
35cd968e1d8e97e083331e071ae3517e | How is anthralin used to treat psoriasis? | Anthralin slows the growth of skin cells and eases inflammation. It doesn't have any serious side effects, but it can irritate your skin and stain clothes, sheets, and skin. It's often used with other medications. |
41f65292e536d58cef86196a16c51f3d | What do you need to know before using topical treatments for psoriasis? | Before using topical treatments, make sure you understand the directions and the side effects they can cause. And stick with your treatment plan once you start. If you don't use your medication regularly, your psoriasis could get worse. |
6d523c69926b664d2eccb20d55b037a9 | How does pimecrolimus (Elidel), tacrolimus (Protopic), and crisaborole (Eucrisa) treat psoriasis? | Pimecrolimus ( Elidel) and tacrolimus ( Protopic) can also help with inflammation. Your doctor may call these drugs calcineurin inhibitors. They're sometimes used to treat psoriasis when other medications don't work. Be sure to read the FDA warning on the label. |
d2c83bb0b1574a4032f6696a020609bc | How does anthralin treat psoriasis? | Anthralin slows the growth of skin cells and eases inflammation. It doesn't have any serious side effects, but it can irritate your skin and stain clothes, sheets, and skin. It's often used with other medications. |
e08a327513a3fdbd27a4db2b49581f79 | What does it mean if my nails are yellow? | Nails that are thick, slow-growing, and yellow often point to lung diseases like emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Fluid in your lungs and hands also can lead to yellow nail syndrome. So can Raynaud's phenomenon, which is caused by poor circulation to the fingers, toes, and nose. Yellow nails can even be a symptom of sinusitis, thyroid problems, and rheumatoid arthritis. Only your doctor can tell you what they mean. |
124206f149ed49f5622d7fb449193c7c | What causes my nails to pit or split? | Psoriasis often starts in your nails. It can make them split and cause pits on the surface. Other causes include inflammatory arthritis or thyroid disease. |
53e45814064b0d595c7068d0c65790ba | How is musculoskeletal pain diagnosed? | Symptoms vary from person to person, but the common symptoms are: Pain Fatigue Sleep disturbances Your doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and medical history. In addition, your doctor may perform diagnostic studies to confirm the diagnosis. |
c681c2792ce87ff1b47b4fe166d79012 | What is musculoskeletal pain? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, and bones. |
cbbb825671f42f0899b0b34c4b6f476f | What are other treatments for musculoskeletal pain? | Other treatments may include: Injections with anesthetic or anti-inflammatory medications in or around the painful sites Exercise that includes muscle strengthening and stretching Physical or occupational therapy Acupuncture or acupressure Relaxation/biofeedback techniques Osteopathic manipulation (a whole system of evaluation and treatment designed to achieve and maintain health by restoring normal function to the body) Chiropractic care Therapeutic massage |
dfb2157800c9ec051af77efb66a63293 | What do you need to get for bathing your baby? | 3 to 4 pairs of booties or socks with stretch elastic band at cuff 3 to 4 receiving blankets 1 sweater and hat Baby bathtub (sloping with foam pad or flat with molded sponge insert) 4 terry cloth bath towels (hooded towels are OK, but not necessary) 4 to 6 washcloths Tearless shampoo Baby soap. Many brands make baby shampoo and soap all in one. |
6eced1b6a5eb72480fe91faeccf3da86 | What else do you need if you choose to use a waterproof sheet savers for your baby's crib? | If you choose to use the waterproof sheet savers you really only need 1 fitted crib sheet and 2 to 4 waterproof sheet savers. The fitted crib sheet should require few changes since the waterproof sheet savers on top will keep it dry. You do, however, want to get multiple waterproof sheet savers since you will need to change those regularly. |
692516fec0c25dafc46bc9b99f71cf44 | What items should I get to have in the house for my baby? | Baby monitor Swing Baby book: Essential if you want to record your baby's firsts. Infant seat: A "bouncy" seat or swing are great! It gives you a safe place to put baby while you do things for yourself. High chair: You will use it when baby is 4 to 6 months old. Baby sling or pouch: These come in handy when you need to have your hands free to get things done around the house, but still carry your baby. |
bdb234a1443ad73d7d9470a63bbf1a2d | What are tips for setting up a changing area for my baby? | Changing area: This can be on top of a dresser or a separate changing table. It is a good idea to purchase a pad to lay baby on top of when changing. You'll be changing a lot of diapers, so it's a good idea to have a comfortable surface at a good height that won't hurt your back. Never take your hand or eyes off baby when changing him or her, especially if your changing area is off the ground; babies can roll off the table at the blink of an eye. Most changing tables have a strap with a buckle to make sure baby doesn't roll off. It is always a good idea to use this. |
ad64752fea1eff3567071972b528d0fd | What do I need for my baby's crib? | 1 quilted mattress pad At least 2 fitted crib sheets (smaller sizes are sold for cradles, bassinets, or port-a-cribs) 2-4 waterproof mattress pads or waterproof sheets When making the crib, you have a few options. |
c73dd0c40956a297970cbe33b6d4b0fa | How should you choose a diaper bag? | Breast pump, manual or electric Pumping supplies such as sterilization bags and storage bottles When buying a diaper bag, pick one that has lots of pockets and places to store individual items. Also, keep in mind that your diaper bag often becomes your purse, so find one large enough to keep your wallet, keys, glasses, cell phone, and other items you need for yourself. It's a good idea to keep this bag packed with the following items at all times so if you need to leave the house in a hurry -- especially if you have to take baby to the doctor unexpectedly -- you'll be ready: 5 to 6 diapers Disposable wipes Diaper rash cream or ointment Pad to lie your baby on top of when changing the diaper Plastic bags to wrap dirty diapers in until you can find a trash can to throw them out 2 sets of clothes for baby: Infant onesies, socks, hat, baby outfit Blanket 2 clean bottles, bottle water, and powdered formula (if bottle feeding) Burp cloth Pacifier (if using) Baby toy or rattle Baby Tylenol Sunscreen (although you should keep your infant in the shade.) |
a0980ef06e6c570fc1e9bab77f12f4f6 | Do I need a breast pump? | Breast pump for breastfeeding moms: Breast pumps allow you to pump milk so that someone else can feed your baby. This is important if you need to leave your baby for a significant amount of time (for example, if you are working). Breast pumps also come in handy when your breasts get engorged and baby is too sleepy to help you out. With a breast pump, you can pump some of the milk out and save it for when baby is ready to eat. |
f08e356ccc5f66e277c85f71bdc0d67d | Do I need a rocker or glider for my baby? | Rocking chair or glider: Although not essential, it's nice to have when feeding baby. Pick out one that has padded arms for extra support and comfort. A footrest adds additional comfort, especially if breastfeeding. |
f8b994c444c64374a4cff444bac7c822 | Will I need to buy a crib mattress? | Crib mattress: Unfortunately, most cribs do not come with mattresses so you will need to purchase one. Pick out a mattress that has good back support, is not too soft, and meets all the fire-retardant regulations. Make sure that it fits securely in the crib and that there is no space around the mattress that the baby can get a limb or head stuck. |
015e05ba8addb7a34945e4bd02311169 | How many undershirts should you get for your baby before it is born? | 6 sleepers/stretch suits (3 newborn to three-month size and 3 in six-month size). |
460ddcfe7b0aee8d652bddbb7146b81f | What do you need for the changing table for your baby? | Diapers (plan on using 70-90 per week for the first six weeks, then 50 per week) Disposable diaper wipes (alcohol-free) Diaper rash ointment or cream (such as Desitin or A& D or Boudreaux's) Gauze to protect area of circumcision if you elected one for your infant son Petroleum jelly to apply to the gauze for area of circumcision (so the baby's penis doesn't stick to the diaper) Pad for baby to lie on during changing Changing pad covers Diaper pail to dispose of soiled diapers 6 undershirts that snap on the bottom or tie on the side, commonly called "onesies" (3 in three-month size and 3 in six-month size) 3 to 4 infant gowns with elastic bottoms. |
5ee73514af66ae4deccf09a0b575faeb | Can babies have pillows or fluffy comforters in their crib? | Note: Babies should not have pillows or fluffy comforters in their crib. They also should not sleep with stuffed animals or toys. They could cause your baby to suffocate since he or she is not strong enough to roll over or push them away. |
923ecb8c47c01274ab025ab62172d629 | When should you give your baby its first bath? | You may want to check with your baby's doctor before the first bath. Most doctors recommend that you wait until the umbilical cord has fallen off and the circumcision site has healed before giving your baby a tub bath. In the meantime sponge baths work great. |
11f15a219bd665a242286a1b573c50a0 | What kind of thermometer should you get your baby? | Thermometer: There are many types available. Some doctors prefer that you use a rectal thermometer to get the most accurate temperature. A digital, plastic thermometer that you can place under your baby's armpit may be easy for you to use for the first six months, but a rectal temperature is the most accurate in the first 3 months of life. Ear thermometers can be used after age 3 months. |
81facc5e05a914c6cf82e9b92a3f19fb | Should you put sunscreen on your baby? | If your baby is younger than 6 months, keep her out of the sun as much as possible. But no matter how old she is, apply a baby-friendly sunscreen if she'll be exposed to sunlight. |
d4a1875fdc11d6d3a0c97a7cf8c3391a | What should you put in your diaper bag? | It's a good idea to keep this bag packed with the following items at all times so if you need to leave the house in a hurry -- especially if you have to take baby to the doctor unexpectedly -- you'll be ready: 5 to 6 diapers Disposable wipes Diaper rash cream or ointment Pad to lie your baby on top of when changing the diaper Plastic bags to wrap dirty diapers in until you can find a trash can to throw them out 2 sets of clothes for baby: Infant onesies, socks, hat, baby outfit Blanket 2 clean bottles, bottle water, and powdered formula (if bottle feeding) Burp cloth Pacifier (if using) Baby toy or rattle Baby Tylenol Sunscreen (although you should keep your infant in the shade.) |
f1f24aa67c72833c3cc96430edd1e60d | How many sleepers should you get your baby before it is born? | 6 sleepers/stretch suits (3 newborn to three-month size and 3 in six-month size). These are nice to put baby in during the day, but are not essential items. When buying these, make sure you get the kind that zip up the front. These are easier to get baby in and out. |
c64781773eb88e4e1f09d0b98c3d1764 | What is a brain scan for ADHD and is it safe for children? | Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam. It's possible that your child's behavior isn't related to a condition. |
57b36ac1e76ebaa9a0b213302f204b37 | Can I go to my child's pediatrician if I think he or she has ADHD? | Although some pediatricians with special training in the disorder will diagnose ADHD in children, most will refer you and your child to a mental health professional such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, or social worker trained in diagnosing and treating the disorder. You can also find a professional who specializes in ADHD diagnosis through your health plan, your child's teacher or school counselor, other parents of children with ADHD, or nonprofit organizations such as Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD). |
e3285d7179355ef4a4e5e3e8418db317 | Why would my child need to take tests and provide records for a ADHD diagnosis? | The evaluator will check on other possible causes of your child's behavior. To do this, they will check your child's medical and school records, and ask about what else is going on in your child's life. They may also give your child tests to determine if there might be a learning disorder or some other mental or emotional problem that may be causing the behaviors. |
da3a54b49b5f0d101942d31fcfb25312 | What might be asked of parents, teachers, or friends during my child's ADHD evaluation? | The evaluation may also include interviewing you, your child's teachers, and any other adults who are a big part of your child's life. The evaluator may also ask each of you to complete standardized forms, known as âbehavior rating scales,â to rate different aspects of your child's behavior. These scales may also be used later to track progress with treatment. |
ccd8c1aea5c823899a8e0760bd2d8030 | What are the first steps toward diagnosing ADHD? | The first step toward diagnosing ADHD should be a full physical exam by your child's pediatrician or family practitioner to rule out other medical causes for his or her behaviors. The physician, psychologist, or other mental health professional evaluating your child for ADHD will probably then set up an interview with you and two or more sessions with your child before making a final diagnosis. |
7125d71811a732957235cf133adab723 | How do I know if hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive symptoms are normal or if my child has ADHD? | Although many children display some of the behaviors for ADHD, they do not necessarily have the disorder. An ADHD diagnosis requires that these behaviors have been persistent for at least 6 months, that some symptoms began before age 12, that symptoms are present in two or more settings (such as school and home), and that they significantly impair the child in at least two places (social life, school, etc.). |
d408acde2c170451da88d62da70d4f64 | What can you do to prevent genital warts? | To prevent genital warts, some of the steps you can take include: Abstaining from sexual contact Using condoms during sexual activity Having sex only with a partner who is not having sex with other people Avoiding sex with anyone who has visible symptoms of genital warts |
149ff37112be6a1937ca2e7aaf3440fa | How are warts prevented? | If you already have warts, you can prevent them from spreading by not picking at them. Consider covering warts with bandages. In addition, keep hands as dry as possible -- warts are harder to control in moist environments. You should never brush, comb, or shave areas where warts are present as this can cause the virus to spread. Wash hands thoroughly after touching any warts. |
8558d259e0d2979aa2e79f3010e47e04 | What are some diet tips if you have heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)? | You can track what you eat by keeping a journal or working with a nutritionist. Once you learn some easy tips on what foods to avoid or substitute, the diet will become second nature. Some ways to get started: Stay away from prepackaged, highly processed, and deep-fried foods. Avoid butter, margarine, salad dressing, and mayonnaise. Try vegetable oil instead. Choose lean meat like chicken, fish, and turkey and avoid red or fatty meat like beef and bacon. Limit drinks with alcohol or a lot of sugar. Choose nonfat or low-fat dairy. Eat a wide variety of fruits, veggies, and whole grains. |
c0e14eae4a63cd56867e0fc3fb310f05 | What are symptoms if bleeding in the digestive tract is slow and happens over a long time? | If bleeding is slow and happens over a long time, you may gradually feel fatigue, lethargy, and shortness of breath. Anemia can happen, making your skin look more pale. |
451b82e6b3bc54e823582d9596e6b921 | What are the symptoms of bleeding in the digestive tract? | These include: Bright red blood coating the stool Dark blood mixed with the stool Black or tarry stool Bright red blood in vomit " Coffee-grounds" appearance of vomit Other signs, which also need a doctor's attention, include: Fatigue, weakness, pale appearance Anemia -- your blood is low on iron-rich hemoglobin The location of the bleeding may affect what you notice. |
33e4caf8e18f87088f7ef1f4d1bdef5f | Why does bleeding in the digestive tract happen? | Symptoms also vary depending on how quickly you bleed. |
8caece7229591cb28635bde495bdb58f | What causes bleeding in the esophagus? | If it's in your esophagus (the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach) causes can include: Esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux. Stomach acid that returns, or "refluxes," back into the esophagus from the stomach can cause irritation and inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis) that may lead to bleeding. Varices. These are abnormally enlarged veins usually located at the lower end of the esophagus or the upper stomach. They may break open and bleed. Cirrhosis of the liver is the most common cause of esophageal varices. Mallory- Weiss tear. This is a tear in the lining of the esophagus. It's usually caused by severe vomiting. It can also happen due to things that increase pressure in your belly, such as coughing, hiccupping, or childbirth. |
32dbed2c4ef88495687a28886af0adab | What are signs of bleeding from the rectum or lower colon? | These include: Bright red blood coating the stool Dark blood mixed with the stool Black or tarry stool Bright red blood in vomit " Coffee-grounds" appearance of vomit Other signs, which also need a doctor's attention, include: Fatigue, weakness, pale appearance Anemia -- your blood is low on iron-rich hemoglobin The location of the bleeding may affect what you notice. If it comes from the rectum or the lower colon, bright red blood will coat or mix with your stool. The stool may be mixed with darker blood if the bleeding is higher up in the colon or at the far end of the small intestine. |
5f9482d0f0c97953abafd8d8f08ee65e | What are symptoms if massive bleeding happens in the digestive tract? | If sudden, massive bleeding happens, you may feel weak, dizzy, faint, short of breath, or have cramp-like belly pain or diarrhea. You could go into shock, with a rapid pulse and drop in blood pressure. You may become pale. |
7974aa3485a21c7b715401def4783c9a | How is radionuclide scanning used for bleeding in the digestive tract? | Doctors can use this screening technique to find sites of bleeding, especially in the lower digestive tract. You'll get a shot of a small amount of harmless radioactive material before your doctor uses a special camera to take pictures of your organs. |
2cf9cfbd45aed28f7f232b972afbc880 | What does occult or hidden bleeding in the digestive tract mean? | Doctors call this type of bleeding âoccultâ or âhidden.â Fortunately, simple tests can check for hidden blood in the stool. |
d4b360ffd1d095bae896880cf08c7a20 | What will your doctor check if you have bleeding in the digestive tract? | She'll ask you questions and give you a physical examination. Symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, stool color (black or red), consistency, and whether you have pain or tenderness may tell your doctor which area of the GI tract is affected. She'll test your stool for blood. You'll also take a blood test to check to see if you're anemic. The results will give your doctor an idea of the extent of the bleeding and how chronic it may be. |
b0caa858ee6081e60913c197847116f8 | What causes bleeding in the stomach? | Bleeding from the stomach can be caused by: Gastritis. This is inflammation in the stomach. Alcohol and some pain medicines can cause it. Ulcers. Ones in the stomach may enlarge and erode through a blood vessel, causing bleeding. Aside from medication, the most common cause of these is an infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Also, people who have had burns, shock, head injuries, or cancer, and those who've had major surgery, may get stress-related stomach ulcers. Intestinal ulcers are usually caused by excess stomach acid and infection with Helicobacter pylori. |
706ea59387e5a4718565771433e0e2e7 | How effective are very low-calorie diets? | If you have a BMI over 30 (which your doctor will call âobeseâ), then a very low-calorie diet may let you lose about 3 to 5 pounds per week, for an average total weight loss of 44 pounds over 12 weeks. Losing that amount of weight may improve weight-related medical conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. But in the long-run, very low-calorie diets aren't more effective than more modest diets. Once you go off a diet, you need to change your lifestyle, committing to healthy eating and regular physical activity. |
2f4c0478f664381961a5c57e96dcc946 | Are very low-calorie diets safe? | Very low-calorie diets are not OK for everyone. Talk to your doctor to see if this kind of diet is appropriate for you. If your BMI is greater than 30, then very low-calorie diets are generally safe when used under proper medical supervision. For people who are overweight but not obese ( BMI of 27-30), very low-calorie diets should be reserved for those who have weight-related medical problems and are under medical supervision. Very low-calorie-diets are not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and are not appropriate for children or teens except in specialized treatment programs. They also may not be OK for people over age 50, either, depending on the potential need for medications for pre-existing conditions, as well as the possibility of side effects. |
dbe7f3fd2d87231270d1488dd7cfe168 | What are the side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs? | Tell your doctor right away if: Your arrthymia gets worse Your heartbeat gets faster or slower Your chest hurts You get dizzy, lightheaded, or faint Your vision gets blurry Your feet or legs swell You should also call your doctor if you have: Allergic reaction Cough You might: Get a bitter or metallic taste in your mouth, or your sense of taste may change Lose your appetite Be more sensitive to sunlight Have diarrhea or constipation When you start taking an antiarrhythmic, don't drive until you know how the medication affects you. |
10baeaec28f577c08db679aa5176d294 | How does the testosterone test work in males versus females? | In males, the testosterone test can help find the reason for sexual problems, like reduced sex drive or erectile dysfunction. If you're having a hard time getting your partner pregnant, the test can tell if your blood testosterone level is low. A low testosterone level can also mean a problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which controls how much testosterone your body makes. In females, this test can find the reason you're missing periods, not having periods, having a hard time getting pregnant or experiencing male patterns of hair growth such as on your chest or face. Doctors can also use it to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS), which causes elevated testosterone. That's a hormone problem that can cause irregular periods and make it hard to get pregnant. Testosterone testing is part of the work-up of certain adrenal tumors. |
780178cf5a6f4c4e6f47af387de2c5a9 | What are normal total testosterone results in adult women? | Normal total testosterone results in adult men: Ages 19 to 49 -- 249 - 836 nanograms per deciliter (ng/d L) Ages 50 and older -- 193 - 740 ng/d L Normal total testosterone results in adult women: Ages 19 to 49 -- 8 - 48 ng/d L Ages 50 and older -- 2 - 41 ng/d L Depending on your results, you might also need one of these other tests: 17-hydroxyprogesterone. |
fb823ec59c9532175ec8dee0ee8bd7af | Do women make testosterone too? | Women make testosterone too, but in smaller amounts. They produce it in their ovaries. It helps maintain hormone balance and regulates other body functions. |
f74130262256ef20abcbc102238bb74a | What are the signs of high testosterone in women? | In women, they include: Fertility problems Low sex drive Skipped or no menstrual periods Vaginal dryness Weakened bones -- osteoporosis Signs of high testosterone in women include: Acne and oily skin Darkened areas of skin Deep voice Enlarged clitoris Excess hair on the face or body Hair loss on the head (baldness) Skipped or no periods It's a simple blood test that's usually done early in the morning, when your testosterone levels are highest. |
3a26c5226a98bcdb0ac4e422bcd1b913 | What are normal total testosterone results in adult men? | Normal total testosterone results in adult men: Ages 19 to 49 -- 249 - 836 nanograms per deciliter (ng/d L) Ages 50 and older -- 193 - 740 ng/d L Normal total testosterone results in adult women: Ages 19 to 49 -- 8 - 48 ng/d L Ages 50 and older -- 2 - 41 ng/d L Depending on your results, you might also need one of these other tests: 17-hydroxyprogesterone. |
6a7ec374f6bc68e97885bdf8c8a08cf0 | What drugs can cause lactic acidosis? | Some medical conditions can also bring on lactic acidosis, including: Cancer Seizures Liver failure Vitamin B deficiency Sepsis (a whole-body inflammation caused by severe infection) Shock Some drugs, including metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, and all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NRTI) drugs used to treat HIV/ AIDS can cause lactic acidosis. If you are on any of these medications and have any symptoms of lactic acidosis, get medical help immediately. |
fd6e7120f0ee7e588f644516471acdff | What are the symptoms of lactic acidosis? | The symptoms may include a burning feeling in your muscles, cramps, nausea, weakness, and feeling exhausted. It's your body's way to tell you to stop what you're doing The symptoms happen in the moment. The soreness you sometimes feel in your muscles a day or two after an intense workout isn't from lactic acidosis. It's your muscles recovering from the workout you gave them. |
f1b36fd541a13e73a53d0dbd455c28ff | How can intense exercise cause lactic acidosis? | When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to break down glucose for energy. During intense exercise, there may not be enough oxygen available to complete the process, so a substance called lactate is made. Your body can convert this lactate to energy without using oxygen. But this lactate or lactic acid can build up in your bloodstream faster than you can burn it off. The point when lactic acid starts to build up is called the "lactate threshold." |
0903b31a7c46ad54db64a1061f1f5807 | How can you prevent lactic acidosis? | Don't go from being a couch potato to trying to run a marathon in a week. Start with an aerobic exercise like running or fast walking. You can build up your pace and distance slowly. Increase the amount of exercise each week so your body builds up a tolerance. This will increase your "lactate threshold," making it less likely you'll get lactic acidosis. Make sure you drink lots of water. It helps get rid of any excess acid. Eat a balanced diet which includes lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats. Get plenty of sleep at night and give yourself time to recover between bouts of exercise. How long that is depends on how you feel. If your lactic acidosis is caused by a disease or medication, talk to your doctor. You may be able to make changes that will help you avoid the problem. And talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise routine. |
3919493bf8fc31e43f486bd6c56dd622 | What medical conditions can cause lactic acidosis? | Some medical conditions can also bring on lactic acidosis, including: Cancer Seizures Liver failure Vitamin B deficiency Sepsis (a whole-body inflammation caused by severe infection) Shock Some drugs, including metformin, a drug used to treat diabetes, and all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NRTI) drugs used to treat HIV/ AIDS can cause lactic acidosis. |
6be495773ec41b03ba524551b59ef3da | What are the symptoms of a cluster headache? | The pain is only on one side of your head (unilateral). It is severe, piercing and peaks within minutes. Your eye on the affected side becomes red and watery. And, you often have nasal congestion with a runny nose on that same side as well. It lasts from 30 minutes to 2 hours, then fades or disappears, only to come back a day or so later. Some people can have four or more attacks in a day. Cluster headaches can strike every day for weeks or months, and then stay away for a long time. They're more common in men and tend to start between ages 25 and 50. Heavy smokers get them more often than nonsmokers. Stress, drinking alcohol, and eating certain foods play a role in triggering the headaches for some people, but doctors don't know the root cause of them. |
3fbf3c239662fddc149db87ff41bebff | What are the symptoms of migraine headaches? | Migraines headaches are some of the hardest types of headaches to live with. They usually begin with an intense, throbbing pain on one side of the head, which may spread. They also often cause nausea and vomiting. A migraine can last from a few hours to many days and can make people sensitive to light, smells, and sound. For some people, a warning sign, called an aura, comes just before a migraine attack. It can be a set of visual symptoms, like seeing flickering lights, blind spots, or zigzag lines, or other signs like numbness in a limb or a strange smell. |
fc025a428e8ceecdbcdb49370596092c | What causes migraine headaches? | Doctors aren't sure what causes migraine headaches. Most researchers believe the headaches begin in the nervous system. Because migraines often run in families, it seems likely that genes play a role, too. |
77a72cd7537c59dd2c65c5d42c75244f | What causes tension-type headaches? | They're often caused by stress, but other things like noise, eyestrain, poor posture, too much caffeine, lack of sleep, or grinding your teeth at night can also cause them. |
74591ee464a2ee8b27fd002d3d92f783 | When should I talk to my doctor about my headaches? | Migraines headaches are some of the hardest types of headaches to live with. |
7e3ded7b86eb7545d16a4af0335acfcb | What is the basic treatment for most headaches? | They're annoying, even painful, but most headaches aren't dangerous and are easy to treat with a basic pain reliever. |
44e57b30a1720e1f4abdefd17899f48f | What is the cause of pain during tension headaches? | Your neck muscles may seem knotted, and parts of your head and neck may be sensitive to touch. Tension-type headaches can be short-lived and happen rarely, or they can last for a while and come back often. |
a7a2a6dc1bbfd6815c89307a8b0e92da | How can antipsychotic drugs help your bipolar disorder mania? | Doctors used to prescribe these medicines as a short-term treatment to control agitation or psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions that can happen during mania or severe depression. Today, they are increasingly being used for other symptoms (such as agitation or insomnia) along with mood stabilizers to bring about faster improvements, and to help prevent relapses. Doctors also use some antipsychotic drugs as antidepressants for bipolar depression. Some of the newer antipsychotics seem to help stabilize moods on their own. As a result, doctors may use them as long-term treatment for people who can't take or don't respond to lithium and anticonvulsants. |
e6764ee95a9950f40a34f37fbc630a09 | What is lithium and how does it help people with bipolar disorder mania? | What It Is: Lithium is a drug that acts on the brain and spinal cord. It helps people with bipolar disorder have more control over their emotions, sleep, energy, and extremes in behavior. |
14c597d186b0c491eb354ae8ea7e3efa | How do antiseizure drugs help bipolar disorder mania? | What It Is: These medicines calm hyperactivity in the brain in various ways. For this reason, some of these drugs are used to treat epilepsy, prevent migraines, and treat other problems. Doctors sometimes favor them over lithium or use them with lithium or antipsychotic drugs for people who have ârapid cycling,â which is four or more episodes of mania and depression in a year. |
2bd2cc8f6b3c0dd50a78f4a0bd9ebcb5 | What do I do if I miss a dose of lithium? | If you miss a dose, doctors and pharmacists usually recommend taking it as soon as you remember it -- unless the next scheduled dose is within 2 hours (or 6 hours for slow-release forms). If so, they usually recommend skipping the missed dose and resuming the usual dosing schedule. Don't "double-up" the dose to catch up. |
48d51a9e264cc72805f22bca4e8ce6ab | What are benzodiazepines and how can it help treat your bipolar disorder mania? | What They Are: These medicines are sedatives. They slow the brain and nerves. In doing so, they can help treat mania, anxiety, panic disorder, insomnia, and seizures. They may also help restore normal sleep patterns and calm agitation in people with bipolar disorder. |
d7600cbb7a67ce2a602fc47f2eadaf09 | What should I expect if I take lithium for my bipolar disorder? | What to Expect: It usually takes several weeks for lithium to work. Your doctor will give you blood tests during your treatment because lithium can affect how well your kidney s or thyroid work. |
0a1f7a6b9d2ed34a7eaff6b174f8373c | What are antipsychotic drugs? | What It Is: Antipsychotic drugs affect chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. It is not clear exactly how these drugs work, but they usually improve manic episodes quickly. |
ba180990aa2f9633c5da2998b237c281 | What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and how can it help ibipolar disorder mania? | What It Is: Doctors use electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT), also known as electroshock therapy, to treat hospitalized people who are severely depressed or manic, suicidal, psychotic, or persistently agitated and unable to take basic care of themselves. It works for nearly 75% of people. ECT is one of the fastest ways to relieve symptoms in people who have mania or severe depression. It's not a "last resort" only when the illness does not respond to medicine or psychotherapy. Instead, doctors should consider it sooner rather than later when medicines aren't effective or when there it's urgent to ease severe symptoms, such as when depression causes severe suicidal thoughts or psychosis that needs care very quickly. |
c2154531ebca503ca7664d1cd7190760 | What does lithium do to help treat bipolar disorder mania? | And it may also help relieve or prevent bipolar depression in some people. Studies show that lithium can lower the risk of suicide among people with bipolar disorder. It also helps prevent future manic episodes. Doctors may prescribe it for long periods of time as maintenance therapy. What It Is: Lithium is a drug that acts on the brain and spinal cord. It helps people with bipolar disorder have more control over their emotions, sleep, energy, and extremes in behavior. |
60485856482497e91665db6b7bdebe27 | What can I expect if I take benzodiazepines for bipolar disorder mania? | Benzodiazepines prescribed for bipolar disorder include (among others): Alprazolam ( Xanax) Clonazepam ( Klonopin) Diazepam ( Valium) Lorazepam ( Ativan) What to Expect: You'll probably take these for a brief time, up to 2 weeks or so, with other mood-stabilizing drugs. These medicines act quickly and bring on a sense of calmness. They can sometimes cause lightheadedness, slurred speech, or unsteadiness. |
430f019a30b18a400ef66f95e6f6cea2 | Which medicines treat the mania associated with bipolar disorder? | Your doctor will also likely prescribe a mood stabilizer, also called an âantimanicâ medication. These help control mood swings and prevent them, and may help to make someone less likely to attempt suicide. You may need to take medicine for a long time, sometimes indefinitely. Your doctor may prescribe lithium and certain anti-seizure drugs like carbamazepine ( Tegretol), lamotrigine ( Lamictal), or valproate ( Depakote). You may need very close medical supervision and blood tests while you take these. |
871a6841b4667b8920785340fc3e5142 | What side effects are there from using antipsychotic drugs for bipolar disorder mania? | Antipsychotics used to treat bipolar disorder include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Asenapine ( Saphris) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Lurasidone ( Latuda) (for bipolar depression) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) (for mania or bipolar depression) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Risks and Side Effects: Certain antipsychotics cause rapid weight gain and high cholesterol levels. They may also raise the chance of high blood sugar levels or eventual diabetes. Your doctor should first check on your risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Common side effects of antipsychotic drugs include: Blurry vision Dry mouth Drowsiness Muscle spasms or tremor Involuntary facial tics Weight gain Also, ziprasidone ( Geodon) has been linked to a rare but potentially fatal skin reaction called "drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms" ( DRESS syndrome). |
f9468f10479938ed5d401d708df2dc61 | How is acupuncture used to treat headaches? | Studies have shown that this practice of placing thin needles at specific points on the body may help relieve tension and migraine headaches. |
d237145ad979437e036fce57679b98f5 | What is the treatment for sinus headaches? | Sinus headaches: Decongestants and antibiotics usually help if you have a bacterial infection. |
4ad2527baa0080ceb515004da9e468a6 | What is the treatment for cluster headaches? | Cluster headaches : Simple pain relievers do little for these, because they don't work fast enough. But doctors have found that inhaling high doses of pure oxygen can bring relief. Pain medicine such as lidocaine that goes inside the nose helps some people. Triptans such as ergotamine or sumatriptan ( Imitrex), given as shots, also might help if you take them at the first sign of a cluster headache. Preventive medicines often work when you take them at the first sign of a new cluster of headaches. Choices include the blood pressure medicine verapamil or a short course of a steroid like prednisone. |
fdc53310f26a1b237798d58e45a23657 | What can help treat my headache? | When it comes to headache remedies, medications can ease your pain, but they aren't the only option. Changing your lifestyle to control stress or avoid triggers may work well, too. These tactics may even prevent you from getting headaches. What works for one person may not work for another, so talk to your doctor to figure out the best remedy for you. |
c0e506184b3ac27218ba6363b857546e | What medicines will my doctor suggest for a prolonged migraine? | These could include: Blood pressure drugs like propranolol ( Inderal), verapamil ( Calan SR, Isoptin SR), and others Antidepressants Anti-seizure drugs like topiramate ( Topamax) Calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP) inhibitors like erenumab ( Aimovig), galcanezumab-gnlm ( Emgality),and fremanezumab ( Ajovy) Muscle relaxants Relaxation and biofeedback techniques Avoiding foods that trigger your migraines Devices to prevent migraines include: Cefaly: This small headband device sends electrical pulses through your forehead to stimulate a nerve linked with migraines Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS: This device gives off a magnetic pulse that stimulates part of your brain. You hold it against the back of your head at the first sign of a headache. |
c1f7d4ec4417980f3cc4f9a1c2c67ef9 | What preventive medicines can I take for my cluster headache? | Preventive medicines often work when you take them at the first sign of a new cluster of headaches. Choices include the blood pressure medicine verapamil or a short course of a steroid like prednisone. |
a51187082b14ca095edc1d108f7b2577 | Can therapy help treat my headaches? | CBT mixes meditation and relaxation with education in motivation, behavior, and how to handle emotions. With the help of a psychotherapist, you can learn to change negative thoughts and attitudes and the way you respond to stress. Those skills may help you avoid tension-type and migraine headaches. |
a6b8fbfa9b7c18e9ac0a5ae2aa042b42 | How is biofeedback and relaxation used to treat headaches? | Biofeedback helps you control how muscle groups react to stress. This may help prevent or relieve tension headaches. |
165ea1c146aa9b924be5213bfdda718c | How is mind-body medicine used to treat headaches? | It may be especially helpful for tension headaches. Hypnosis also may lower your perception of pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT mixes meditation and relaxation with education in motivation, behavior, and how to handle emotions. With the help of a psychotherapist, you can learn to change negative thoughts and attitudes and the way you respond to stress. Those skills may help you avoid tension-type and migraine headaches. |
3a7731a60ba0763ee1eb5da2343e1e98 | What medicine can help relieve a sinus headache? | Sinus headaches: Decongestants and antibiotics usually help if you have a bacterial infection. |
52f414aa74ed727116b4b83456327855 | What medicine should I take to relieve a migraine headache? | Migraine headaches : One class of drug, called triptans, is the mainstay of migraine treatment. They include eletriptan ( Relpax), naratriptan ( Amerge), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), zolmitriptan ( Zomig), and others. You can take them as pills, shots, or nasal spray. A form of ergotamine, called dihydroergotamine ( DHE), also treats migraine headaches. You can get it as a shot or as a nasal spray. |
4c93496696bef453041d0039b5202f01 | How can biofeedback and relaxation treat my headaches? | Biofeedback helps you control how muscle groups react to stress. This may help prevent or relieve tension headaches. |
c0cf97cb960e8d7de77160d18341f2f4 | What is the treatment for migraine headaches? | Migraine headaches : One class of drug, called triptans, is the mainstay of migraine treatment. They include eletriptan ( Relpax), naratriptan ( Amerge), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), zolmitriptan ( Zomig), and others. You can take them as pills, shots, or nasal spray. A form of ergotamine, called dihydroergotamine ( DHE), also treats migraine headaches. You can get it as a shot or as a nasal spray. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) also can help if you take them at the first sign of a migraine attack. NSAIDs also include ibuprofen and naproxen. |
3f5362cd28971ccc39f1a937db34cc0d | What questions should I include in my headache diary? | To learn more about what brings on your attacks, keep a headache diary that includes answers to these questions: When did your headaches first start? How often do you have them? Do you have any symptoms before the headache starts? Where is the pain? How long does it last? At what time of day do the headaches happen? Do you seem to get them after you eat certain types of food? For women, at what time in your monthly cycle do they happen? Are the headaches triggered by something in your environment, such as smells, noise, or some kinds of weather? How would you describe the pain: throbbing, stabbing, blinding, or piercing, for example? |
c53082f557d20c7eda17b27ea88fc9b4 | Can Botox help treat my headaches? | Best known as Botox, a treatment for wrinkles, the FDA has approved it to prevent chronic migraine headaches in adults. If you have a migraine 15 or more days per month, you can get Botox shots in your head and neck about every 3 months. |
53a57476f8c82ff816f1d2fbe8d282bd | What medicine should I take to relieve a tension-type headache? | Tension headaches: Pain relievers like acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen usually help. But be careful. Taking too many of these pills can cause hard-to-treat rebound headaches. If you need to take these drugs often, see your doctor. Don't give aspirin to anyone under age 19 -- it raises their chance of having a serious condition called Reye's syndrome. |
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