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fa6a25a4f3b267f2b0a8d0b06072cc0c | Are there certain therapies that can bring relief or prevent headache attacks? | Other treatments can bring you relief or even prevent attacks. |
5bb48dadebfb1cc59a9603263699022c | How is Botox used to treat headaches? | Best known as Botox, a treatment for wrinkles, the FDA has approved it to prevent chronic migraine headaches in adults. If you have a migraine 15 or more days per month, you can get Botox shots in your head and neck about every 3 months. |
a277db88abc5a986ab5502dd3cd06254 | What is a normal session of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) like? | The CISD program has three goals: Lessen the impact of a trauma Help those involved recover Find people who might need extra help A normal session involves a small group talking about their shared experience with help from a trained leader. It sounds like -- but should not take the place of -- therapy. The group leaders are often counselors or experts in disaster response who are certified by the National Organization for Victim Assistance ( NOVA). Groups that lead CISD are typically members of either NOVA or National Volunteer Organizations Active in Disaster. |
0e918c045ceceda3177278016dd41465 | What is critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)? | You may feel anxious, angry, scared, or guilty. And you might have trouble with sleep, focus, or even become physically ill. A critical incident stress debriefing ( CISD) can help you get better. These sessions, often offered by a workplace or city, provide a chance to talk about the trauma with others who were involved. A CISD usually takes place within the first 3 days after the event and is open to people who were hurt, saw others hurt or killed, or served as first responders. |
19e3139e9000bc953680e98a3c4464da | How long do sessions for critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) last? | You may take a break and meet again later that day. The group typically meets several times over a few days. The group usually sits together so you can share your experiences, but if someone needs to talk one-on-one, a leader can take him aside. |
7174f4d45cdb19e96efa905f1753875f | What role do group leaders play in critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) meetings? | Group leaders will offer ways to manage the stress and help people understand their feelings and emotional reactions to the event. Participants are encouraged to describe details of the event from their own point of view and discuss their reactions. Leaders will also make sure that participants know what symptoms to watch for (such as nightmares or re-experiencing and reliving the event), and they'll ensure that group members have access to resources for ongoing support and help. |
d1eaf2929fe96737118c0408fa578d98 | What are the goals of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)? | The CISD program has three goals: Lessen the impact of a trauma Help those involved recover Find people who might need extra help A normal session involves a small group talking about their shared experience with help from a trained leader. |
e0f1248072694e87024af7df3844f529 | How do you use vaginal suppositories? | You might take them to treat: Allergies Anxiety Asthma Constipation Fever Hemorrhoids Motion sickness Nausea Pain and itching Mental health problems, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder Vaginal suppositories are oval-shaped. You can use them for: Bacterial or fungal infections Vaginal dryness Birth control Urethral suppositories are rare. |
00fe4a31ff03937fa16f8250128993cd | What are suppositories? | You can swallow a pill, drink a liquid, or get a shot. A suppository is another way to deliver a drug. It's a small, round or cone-shaped object that you put in your body, often into your bottom. Once it's inside, it melts or dissolves and releases its medication. Suppositories may not be the most pleasant product you'll ever use. |
d51b91ca1b9e1e5d53af6c222a164fa7 | What are the different types of suppositories? | Suppositories have a base made from substances like gelatin or cocoa butter that surrounds the drug. As the warmth of your body melts the outside, the drug slowly releases. Different types of suppositories go into the rectum, vagina, or the duct that empties your bladder, called the urethra. Sometimes they treat the area where you put them in. Or the medicine absorbs into your blood and travels to other parts of your body. |
4d6b7fef23cba3a5bbb44457e166bb02 | What are urethral suppositories used for? | You can use them for: Bacterial or fungal infections Vaginal dryness Birth control Urethral suppositories are rare. There's only one kind, MUSE, which men with erection problems can use to take the drug alprostadil. The suppository is about the size of a grain of rice. |
2529299adf7619fd7df42885cd148bbd | What are rectal suppositories used for? | Rectal suppositories go in your bottom. They are about an inch long and have a rounded or bullet-shaped tip. You might take them to treat: Allergies Anxiety Asthma Constipation Fever Hemorrhoids Motion sickness Nausea Pain and itching Mental health problems, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder Vaginal suppositories are oval-shaped. |
d8b3237b4f815bb0cce8d39122685196 | How do you use urethral suppositories? | You can use them for: Bacterial or fungal infections Vaginal dryness Birth control Urethral suppositories are rare. There's only one kind, MUSE, which men with erection problems can use to take the drug alprostadil. The suppository is about the size of a grain of rice. |
64362944e909f178e813846fa07a6055 | What are home remedies to get rid of hiccups? | There are a few home remedies you can try, although there's not very much proof that any of them really work. Hold your breath and swallow three times Breathe into a paper bag Drink a glass of water quickly Swallow a teaspoon of sugar Pull on your tongue Gargle with water If your hiccups last more than 2 days or are severe enough to interfere with eating, breathing, or sleeping, contact your doctor. |
91307911a21670e1fa0e077ad24148ef | How long do hiccups last? | Most hiccups will go away on their own. But in some cases they can last for a while. And if you test one of those old wives' tales about stopping hiccups â say, getting someone to scare you â you're probably going to be disappointed. |
c33f1c798cec0aa34ed1c25cf9b2580f | When should you see your doctor about hiccups? | Hold your breath and swallow three times Breathe into a paper bag Drink a glass of water quickly Swallow a teaspoon of sugar Pull on your tongue Gargle with water If your hiccups last more than 2 days or are severe enough to interfere with eating, breathing, or sleeping, contact your doctor. She might be able to treat chronic hiccups with medication or run some tests to see why your hiccups aren't going away. Talk to your doctor immediately if, along with hiccups, you have any kind of stomach pain, fever, shortness of breath, or vomiting, or if you cough up blood. |
c7b7b8884012161276ec355e34a43790 | Where does crystal meth come from? | Methamphetamine is a man-made stimulant that's been around for a long time. During World War II, soldiers were given meth to keep them awake. People have also taken the drug to lose weight and ease depression. Today, the only legal meth product is a tablet for treating obesity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). It's rarely used and is available only by prescription. Crystal meth is made with the ingredient pseudoephedrine, which is found in many cold medicines. It helps ease congestion. Because it's used to make meth, the federal government closely regulates products with this ingredient. Most of the crystal meth used in this country comes from Mexican âsuperlabs.â But there are many small labs in the U. S. Some are right in people's homes. |
c9e319ea91000054c76d4f0133636216 | How does crystal meth make you feel? | The powerful rush people get from using meth causes many to get hooked right from the start. When it's used, a chemical called dopamine floods the parts of the brain that regulate feelings of pleasure. Users also feel confident and energetic. |
96c1e32363e7e6419701993d1720d0d9 | What are corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis (OA)? | Even in a small joint, osteoarthritis ( OA) can have a big impact on your life. For instance, OA in your fingers can keep you from holding a pen or opening a jar. A stiff or sore knee can make it hard to walk. Getting a shot of corticosteroids (sometimes called a steroid shot) directly into a sore joint can ease pain quickly. Corticosteroids help fight inflammation -- the heat, redness, pain, and swelling in an injured or inflamed part of the body. Corticosteroid shots ease pain faster than anti-inflammatory pills. |
7ae37008a06829f3bc58779fd6b5046b | Do birth control pills protect you from cancer? | One of the best âside effectsâ of the pill is that long-time use lowers your risk for ovarian and endometrial cancer. And if you took it for long enough, the payoff continues after you stop. |
af12a0d9fcd85ba2c62dc177059f50e9 | Will acne and unwanted hair come back after I stop taking birth control pills? | The pill can correct the hormone imbalance that makes your skin break out and grow hair in unwanted places. But the fix is temporary: Once you stop the birth control, your hormones can get off-kilter again, bringing back those issues. |
3129f7310ce75d3e1a655fcbfecc0a3d | What will happen to my menstrual cycle after I stop taking birth control pills? | Your cycle may get wacky. Even if your periods were like clockwork before you started birth control, it might take a few months for them to straighten out after you stop. And if you had irregular periods, you'll probably be off-kilter again -- the reliable schedule you enjoyed (or the long breaks between periods) came from the hormones in the pill. If your periods stopped altogether, it may take a few months for them to start up again. |
e82645036db8f1488ea17e86ed20a401 | What will happen to my sex drive after I stop taking birth control pills? | You might feel friskier. A small number of women find that the pill drives their libido down, especially if they take some very low-dose pills. |
4a4f93d03d7c850e6e964c51f4cc7042 | Will I lose weight after I stop taking birth control? | Women who used a progestin-only type (like injections, hormonal IUDs, or pills) may have gained a few pounds, so the scale might go down when they stop using them. It's unclear whether combo pills, patches, or rings lead to weight gain. If you want to lose weight, though, you'll probably get more results from a better diet and more exercise than from going off your birth control. |
a0c1fc486224919fe4ef5a2c239b975a | Can PMS come back if I stop taking birth control pills? | The pill, especially some formulas, helps your body level out the hormonal chaos that can make you feel depressed, anxious, and irritable. Without that balancing, you may start feeling moody again. |
48159a16c7c7be43979c6fb26030609d | What happens to my periods after I stop taking birth control pills? | Your periods could be heavier and crampier. If you had lots of bleeding and pain before you started, it's likely your problems will return. But if you started as a teenager and now you're in your late 30s or 40s, you may not go back to that kind of heavy flow. |
20fbec9864574b6c21f43c5347f71731 | Will my headaches go away when I stop taking birth control pills? | If the pill tended to give you headaches, you're likely to get relief when you stop taking it. |
495d369e8c02b6fd75aa98d24f97a970 | How long do spinal headaches resolve without treatment? | The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks. |
923fe9330bccef22c94e517f9606c6ff | How can you get spinal headaches? | A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. This creates a passage for the spinal fluid to leak out, which changes the fluid pressure around your brain and spinal cord. If enough of the fluid leaks out, you may get a spinal headache. |
aef748f77198965c4124a5231868c05b | What causes a spinal headache? | A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. This creates a passage for the spinal fluid to leak out, which changes the fluid pressure around your brain and spinal cord. If enough of the fluid leaks out, you may get a spinal headache. |
467e0eea591187f2b11d28e4b18bf0d1 | How are spinal headaches treated? | If the headache requires treatment, it could involve: Hydration: This can help raise cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF) pressure. You might need to get fluids through your veins (the doctor will call this intravenous fluids, or IV for short). Caffeine: The doctor might tell you to drink a beverage high in caffeine. Bed rest: You may have to take it easy for 24-48 hours. Medication: If other methods don't work, your doctor could try drugs like gabapentin, hydrocortisone, or theophylline. Blood patch: If you get a spinal headache after a procedure, the anesthesiologist can create a patch with your blood to seal the leak. To put the blood patch in place, the anesthesiologist will put a needle into the same space as, or right next to, the area where the anesthetic was injected. Next, he'll take a small amount of your blood and inject it into the epidural space. The blood clots and seals the hole that caused the leak. |
d55d95b37dd68840c80a0521b547d788 | Do spinal headaches go away without treatment? | The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks. |
298a67701f464954e78abef174eb5a76 | After a spinal tap, when does a spinal headache occur? | A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). |
838c07e67b040ac9828069ddaf1ed232 | What medications may be prescribed to treat spinal headaches? | Medication: If other methods don't work, your doctor could try drugs like gabapentin, hydrocortisone, or theophylline. |
5494c5c35e7102cb652d67ea2bcb089d | What happens if a patient develops a spinal headache following a procedure? | Blood patch: If you get a spinal headache after a procedure, the anesthesiologist can create a patch with your blood to seal the leak. To put the blood patch in place, the anesthesiologist will put a needle into the same space as, or right next to, the area where the anesthetic was injected. Next, he'll take a small amount of your blood and inject it into the epidural space. The blood clots and seals the hole that caused the leak. |
3f86524adef848d82c0de4d0cd1abe60 | How can you help your child cool off when he or she is dehydrated? | If your child has been in the sun or heat, get into a cool place. Dress your child in cool, lightweight clothing. This will also help if he has a fever. |
7f84033227e5aae0ffea60d76f8986ef | When should you call 911 about dehydration in your child? | Is less than 1 month old Has extreme lethargy Has skin that doesn't bounce back when pinched Is breathing fast Is confused Dehydration is a risk in babies and toddlers, especially if they have vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. |
84344f6648ef90fe3ea8069c641acb5e | How can you give your child fluids when he or she is dehydrated? | If your infant is breastfeeding, continue to nurse your baby. Let him nurse more often. Your pediatrician may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor. Give toddlers about 1 tablespoon of oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, water, ice pops, or clear broth every 15 minutes. |
83573a93f9d61b69b5ca8a9ff44afe80 | How can cognitive tests help in the diagnosis of dementia? | There's no single test that will tell your doctor if you have dementia. It's a process. You may have several of the following, then your doctor will put all the information together to make a diagnosis. Cognitive tests: These measure your ability to think. They focus on things like memory, counting, reasoning, and language skills. For example, your doctor might ask you to draw a clock and mark the hands at a specific time, or give you a short list of words and ask you to remember and repeat them. She also might ask you to make easy calculations, such as counting backward from 100 by seven. |
009c081bcf9b5b05a2a45ce52529fe83 | What questions will your doctor ask to help them diagnose dementia? | Your primary care doctor might work with you to figure out what's behind your symptoms, or she might refer you to one or more of these doctors for certain tests: A neurologist, who specializes in the brain and nervous system A psychiatrist or another mental health specialist A psychologist or neuropsychologist, who specializes in memory and mental functions A geriatrician, who specializes in the care of older adults Your primary care doctor probably will start with a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and other things like: Does dementia run in your family? When did the symptoms start? Have you noticed changes in behavior or personality? Are you taking any medications? She'll ask someone close to you, like a friend or family member, those same questions, too, because people with dementia aren't always aware of their condition. |
a324ca0477ebbc37b5773946dad5b0c4 | Does antiretroviral therapy (ART) put HIV in remission? | It protects your immune system and stops the progression to full-blown AIDS. But it can't get rid of all the HIV. |
c9db4b7a78d3cd0d5caff575f920df30 | Can I cut my chances of getting cirrhosis? | The best thing you can do is to stop drinking alcohol. If you have hep C and you drink, it speeds up liver damage. You could get cirrhosis quicker. |
d848c32fbae4924ac914d36714f0d9bc | Why does cirrhosis sometimes lead to liver cancer? | While these scars grow, your liver tries to heal itself by creating new cells. But this process has a downside. It can raise your odds of getting liver cancer. The more cells your liver creates, the higher the chances that a change, or mutation, will take place. And that's what causes cancerous tumors. |
cfca86f40e16c6eb1e058a5c51a6573f | Why do some people with hepatitis C get liver cancer? | You're at a higher risk if you also have scarring in your liver called cirrhosis. This happens to about 20% of people with long-term hepatitis C. Why does cirrhosis sometimes lead to liver cancer? |
fc16931904316e29a24b6192e0b45f8d | Should you avoid medications to prevent liver cancer from hepatitis C? | Some over-the-counter painkillers, like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen, can damage your liver. So can some sleeping pills and tranquilizers. Ask your doctor about whether you should avoid these drugs. |
1f5f031b9b4d3d817d1640a1e702f7f2 | Do most people with hepatitis C get liver cancer? | Over 3 million Americans have hepatitis C, but less than 5% of them will get liver cancer. |
a77d370700b575f9347001905d781eb7 | What triggers shy bladder? | Many people say a few key things keep them from being able to go in public: Lack of privacy: Public restrooms rarely offer it. |
c6bbce5af183ecc7d7bc62e9ec169642 | Is body odor normal? | These hormones are not active until puberty, which is why body odor wasn't a problem when you were a kid. While sweat itself is virtually odorless, bacteria use it as a breeding ground and multiply rapidly. What you smell is the products related to bacteria breakdown of keratin protein on the surface of your skin. |
42bedb89a9c93c7dab43e694a52efdb4 | Why do my feet smell? | While body odor is usually associated with the armpits, bacteria can also produce odor in the groin, anus area, upper thighs, and feet, among other places. Thoroughly washing your skin with a wet washcloth and soap -- especially those areas prone to sweating -- can help prevent body odor. Remember that smelly feet can also cause smelly shoes. Treating your shoes with an over-the-counter deodorizer can help. Also, wear thick, absorbent socks if you can. |
4532a623e0d7a0956058766c8c71c414 | How is tuberculosis (TB) spread? | Through the air, just like a cold or the flu. When someone who's sick coughs, sneezes, talks, laughs, or sings, tiny droplets that contain the germs are released. If you breathe in these nasty germs, you get infected. TB is contagious, but it's not easy to catch. You usually have to spend a lot of time around a person who has a high load of bactilli in their lungs. That's why it's often spread among co-workers, friends, and family members. Tuberculosis germs don't thrive on surfaces. You can't get the disease from shaking hands with someone who has it, or by sharing their food or drink. |
98c16ea88d07b29c449db52dd0346db0 | How does tuberculosis (TB) affect your body? | A TB infection doesn't mean you'll get sick. There are two forms of the disease: Latent TB: You have the germs in your body, but your immune system stops them from spreading. That means you don't have any symptoms and you're not contagious. But the infection is still alive in your body and can one day become active. If you are at high risk for re-activation â for instance, you have HIV, your primary infection was in the last 2 years, your chest X-ray is abnormal, or you are immunocompromised --- your doctor will treat you with antibiotics to lower the risk for developing active TB. Active TB disease: This means the germs multiply and can make you sick. You can spread the disease to others. Ninety percent of adult cases of active TB are from the reactivation of a latent TB infection. |
351a61a0d2891a70d8fbbf81f9aeffa3 | What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)? | There aren't any for latent TB. You'll need to get a skin or blood test to find out if you're infected. But there are usually signs if you have active TB disease. They include: A cough that lasts more than 3 weeks Chest pain Coughing up blood Feeling tired all the time Night sweats Chills Fever Loss of appetite Weight loss If you experience any of these symptoms, see your doctor to get tested. Get medical help right away if you have chest pain. |
6262f6d72e7e93e7407f1863296ef2fd | How can your immune system affect your risk for tuberculosis (TB)? | But if you have any of the following, you might not be able to fend off active TB disease: HIV or AIDS Diabetes Severe kidney disease Head and neck cancers Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy Low body weight and malnutrition Medications for organ transplants Certain drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis Babies and young children also are at greater risk, because their immune systems aren't fully formed. |
1fadd4de43b620e44c405ae761c3150c | Whoâs at risk for tuberculosis (TB)? | You can only get TB if you come into contact with others who have it. Here are some situations that could increase your risk: A friend, co-worker, or family member has active TB disease. You live or have traveled to an area where TB is common, like Russia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. You're part of a group where TB is more likely to spread, or you work or live with someone who is. This includes homeless people, people with HIV, and IV drug users. You work or live in a hospital or nursing home. |
88cb287a20ea79a28f5c9e1d6bce419f | How is sarcopenia with aging diagnosed? | Any loss of muscle matters because it lessens strength and mobility. Sarcopenia typically happens faster around age 75. But it may also speed up as early as 65 or as late as 80. It's a factor in frailty and the likelihood of falls and fractures in older adults. |
2bd06eb10b84974e2c8e002e800da0b6 | How is sarcopenia with aging treated? | Researchers believe these include: Reduction in nerve cells responsible for sending signals from the brain to the muscles to start movement Lower concentrations of some hormones, including growth hormone, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factor A decrease in the ability to turn protein into energy Not getting enough calories or protein each day to sustain muscle mass The primary treatment for sarcopenia is exercise, specifically resistance training or strength training. These activities increase muscle strength and endurance using weights or resistance bands. |
d6caa6f664c0ec9bc972ffdc7c250fed | What is sarcopenia with aging? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } From the time you are born to around the time you turn 30, your muscles grow larger and stronger. But at some point in your 30s, you start to lose muscle mass and function. The cause is age-related sarcopenia or sarcopenia with aging. Physically inactive people can lose as much as 3% to 5% of their muscle mass each decade after age 30. Even if you are active, you'll still have some muscle loss. |
0ef430b17c15390211205dc12c501d46 | What are the symptoms of sarcopenia with aging? | Reduced activity further shrinks muscle mass. |
713e1350c315bdde26270dda38581729 | What can help diagnose lung cancer and improve its symptoms? | If fluid is present in the area between the tissue layers lining the chest wall and lungs, removal of the fluid with a needle (called a thoracentesis) may help diagnose cancer as well as improve breathing symptoms. If the fluid tests negative for cancer cells -- which occurs about 60% of the time -- then a procedure known as a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (or VATS) may be performed to examine the lining of the lung for tumors and to perform a biopsy. |
d98d911eee2aa86ca6796d468783e5ba | Where can lung cancer spread to? | Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. It may be first discovered in a distant location, but is still called lung cancer if there is evidence it started there. |
b4d8fb5c3cdc9ff45711edd24ff24797 | Who should undergo a low-dose helical CT screening for lung cancer? | However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say low-dose helical CTscreening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer. That includes smokers and former smokers ages 55 to 74 who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Their guidelines are based on research that showed CT screening decreases the chance of death overall but increases the chance of having a false alarm that requires more testing. |
0b9e262084ca2a24fb50320b408a88b5 | Can lung cancers spread to other parts of the body? | Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. It may be first discovered in a distant location, but is still called lung cancer if there is evidence it started there. |
e7f03d9a120db7cf9f323a857e4b83d7 | Does removal of fluid lining the lung help diagnose lung cancer or improve breathing symptoms? | If fluid is present in the area between the tissue layers lining the chest wall and lungs, removal of the fluid with a needle (called a thoracentesis) may help diagnose cancer as well as improve breathing symptoms. If the fluid tests negative for cancer cells -- which occurs about 60% of the time -- then a procedure known as a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (or VATS) may be performed to examine the lining of the lung for tumors and to perform a biopsy. |
d2c1e61c005881072d0ab5bbea6cf31a | Should low-dose helical CT screening be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer? | However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say low-dose helical CTscreening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer. That includes smokers and former smokers ages 55 to 74 who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Their guidelines are based on research that showed CT screening decreases the chance of death overall but increases the chance of having a false alarm that requires more testing. |
cfc03cab4e15402ad68746f8651d636d | Are chest X-rays effective for diagnosing lung cancer? | Because saliva, mucus, and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. |
534b9171f232e026e814fdd7a88e9d07 | Do lung cancers affect blood levels? | Your doctor may suspect lung cancer if a routine physical exam reveals: Swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone Weak breathing Abnormal sounds in the lungs Dullness when the chest is tapped Unequal pupils Droopy eyelids Weakness in one arm Expanded veins in the arms, chest, or neck Swelling of the face Some lung cancers produce abnormally high blood levels of certain hormones or substances such as calcium. If a person shows such evidence and no other cause is apparent, a doctor should consider lung cancer. |
b0fa47b194ad5546d66f0497eb20addd | How is lung cancer diagnosed? | Your doctor may suspect lung cancer if a routine physical exam reveals: Swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone Weak breathing Abnormal sounds in the lungs Dullness when the chest is tapped Unequal pupils Droopy eyelids Weakness in one arm Expanded veins in the arms, chest, or neck Swelling of the face Some lung cancers produce abnormally high blood levels of certain hormones or substances such as calcium. |
72a4197b4a1404c83a74a6a32928a46c | How is diagnosis of lung cancer confirmed? | Though exams of mucus or lung fluid may reveal fully developed cancer cells, diagnosis of lung cancer is usually confirmed through a lung biopsy. With the patient lightly anesthetized, the doctor guides a thin, lighted tube through the nose or mouth and down the air passages to the site of the tumor, where a tiny tissue sample can be removed. This is called a bronchoscopy and the scope is called a bronchoscope. This is useful for tumors near the center of the lung. |
31a144aec785fbb9f94536bfc77b87a8 | How does nail psoriasis affect thickening of nails? | About a third of people with nail psoriasis can also get a fungal infection that can cause your nails to get thick. They may also get brittle and break. |
9f20023f15759ce97133ccce882260be | How often would I get corticosteroid shots to treat nail psoriasis? | These are put under your nail surface every 2-9 months. Your doctor will numb the area or use a nerve block to reduce pain. |
2b9da05d8c5d3a9819535e7ada5544b1 | How does nail psoriasis affect seperation of nails? | Your nail may loosen or separate from the nail bed. Some of these nail changes can make it hard to move your fingers and toes. You may also get tenderness and pain in your nails. This can make it hard to do things with your hands. |
a2ab292c8b7ea5d92f311fd1e7d382a1 | How will the color of your nails change if you have nail psoriasis? | Your nails may turn green, yellow, or brown. They may also have small red or white spots underneath. |
d34956f82795c4b55290336cb6e22e90 | What medicines that work throughout your body are used to treat nail psoriasis? | Medicines that work throughout your body. Your doctor may call these "systemic medications." Some examples are: Acitretin ( Soriatane) Apremilast ( Otezla) Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune) Methotrexate Drugs that target specific parts of your immune system. |
6995124d108ffd7b9cf1eb4207ef3648 | How is phototherapy used to treat nail psoriasis? | Ultraviolet light is used to treat skin psoriasis and may also be useful in nail psoriasis. The treatments usually take place in a doctor's office or a clinic. |
2bcda04759b101e17966e521583858b9 | How will your nails thicken if you have nail psoriasis? | About a third of people with nail psoriasis can also get a fungal infection that can cause your nails to get thick. They may also get brittle and break. |
a9f00ffbe1f24b5c8e4049b22cfc25dd | How does nail psoriasis affect the color of nails? | Your nails may turn green, yellow, or brown. They may also have small red or white spots underneath. |
e97a4cc5c28c05049c736917b52fb801 | How are corticosteroid injections used to treat nail psoriasis? | These are put under your nail surface every 2-9 months. Your doctor will numb the area or use a nerve block to reduce pain. |
757455bd6e8ed54fbf58e7e4878bad0e | What medicines can I take to treat nail psoriasis? | Medicines that work throughout your body. |
f1d3a90b955f5465a3bdde469968034a | How do you know if you're getting nail psoriasis? | You'll know you're getting nail psoriasis when you see these changes in your fingernails or toenails: Color. |
3bbcea0b216b11318d6ec36540c6068e | Are there treatments for nail psoriasis? | The same treatments you get for skin psoriasis can also treat your nail psoriasis. |
b9a611184c2e153c553b338d27dca720 | How will the surface of your nails change if you have nail psoriasis? | They may get thick, develop pinprick holes and change color or shape. |
cf3bb018ab8fd355c197f353b0aa969d | How does nail psoriasis affect the surface appearance of nails? | You may get ridges or grooves in your nails, or pitting (small pinprick holes) on the nail surface. |
de086bfb4362c98979645b81ddcf3010 | How is zanamivir used to treat the flu? | Oseltamivir is approved for treatment in those over 2 weeks of age and for prevention in people ages 3 months and older. |
db02f8a0822c53651746d2853b5fc6ec | What does antibiotic resistance mean? | According to the CDC, antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria changes in some way to reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of the antibiotic. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics repeatedly, such as when you take the medication needlessly or too frequently, the germs in your body start to evolve. These changes can make the germs stronger than before so they completely resist the antibiotic. Yourillness may linger with no signs of improvement. Or your illness may suddenly take a turn for the worse, requiring you to seek emergency medical care. You may have to be admitted to the hospital and get several different antibiotics intravenously. |
a9b7cb577c4883472e237f2d4961cda4 | How can I prevent antibiotic resistance? | There is a way to protect yourself and others from resistant bacteria, and that is to respect antibiotics and take them only when necessary for a bacterial infection. Here are some useful tips: When you see a doctor, don't demand antibiotics. Understand that antibiotics are used for bacterial infections, not symptoms of a cold or flu virus. If a doctor prescribes antibiotics, use them as prescribed. Take all of the antibiotics as directed and don't save some for future use. Don't share antibiotics with others. |
d8cc83c1d2db7a8c5b2faac9d5a865da | Do antiviral drugs have side effects? | Side effects of antiviral drugs may include nervousness, poor concentration, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Zanamivir is not recommended for people with a history of breathing problems, such as asthma, because it may worsen breathing. Discuss side effects with your doctor. |
61774e916144d28b1a8cfdb19093a6c2 | How is oseltamivir used to treat the flu? | Oseltamivir is approved for treatment in those over 2 weeks of age and for prevention in people ages 3 months and older. |
99eea301ec49ba05db902943ddcf8053 | Do most people know that antibiotics are not effective for colds or flu? | A study by the CDC showed that many adults believe that if they are sick enough to see a doctor for a cold, they should get an antibiotic treatment. The study also showed that patients are not aware of the consequences of taking the drugs if they are not needed. And when antibiotics are misused, bacteria can become resistant. |
7d3d5a18831291d51d04d67a4b71efdd | How is Morton's neuroma in your toes treated? | Arch supports that you put in your shoe can bring relief. You can buy them over-the-counter, or your doctor may prescribe one that's custom-made. If the pain keeps up, you may need steroid shots or surgery. |
45a69695ac56b44f7905ce51f1ba4c33 | What is stiff big toe? | It's a type of arthritis that leads to pain and stiffness in the joint at the base of your big toe. You're more likely to get it if you're between 30 and 60. |
b8bf4e63e723cba87f92d30202a423e4 | What is gout and how does it affect your toes? | It's a common cause of pain in the toe. Your big toe is often a place where gout flares up. Besides pain, you may also get redness, swelling, and warmth in the joint. |
c3ef90a25569abc135a459cd70acccaf | How is a bone bruise in your toes treated? | You'll recover on your own after about 1 or 2 months. Your doctor will recommend resting and icing your toe. You can also reduce the swelling if you prop up your foot and take anti-inflammatory drugs. You may need to wear a brace. Eating foods with plenty of calcium, vitamin D, and protein can also help you heal. |
87b802cfd09eef1836dffd70183ad679 | What happens if one or more of your toes are crooked or curled under? | If one or more of your toes are crooked or curled under, you may have hammer, mallet, or claw toe. Your foot has a strange shape because the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that surround your toe aren't balanced. This causes the toes to bend in an odd position. Your toe may hurt. It's also common to develop a corn or callus because the joint rubs the inside of your shoe. Each condition has its own distinctive look: Hammertoe. |
6293a85ec05ba54ddcac6d2f2035b952 | How is a broken toe treated? | Most of the time, you won't need surgery. To help your bone heal, the ends will have to be set in place. You may have to wear a cast, brace, or a stiff-bottomed shoe. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it. The healthy toe acts like a splint to injured one. It usually takes 1 or 2 months to heal. |
5d6a7ce34cbe4678d2da0d50cb49a03a | What is a hammertoe? | The middle joint of your toe bends downwards. This causes your toe to rise up instead of lying flat. It usually occurs in your second, third, and fourth toes. |
4d7d84ef0d42acdc64b5ab258fefdd07 | What is mallet toe? | Your toe bends down at the joint closest to the nail. Like hammertoe, it often happens in your second, third, and fourth toes. |
ef712a3187412b085ca7dbd385d6314c | What is a claw toe? | Like the name suggests, your toes make a claw shape. The joint at the base of the toe bends up, while the two other joints bend down. This causes your toe to curl and dig into the soles of your shoes. |
f46d796c668a552c7d1a6e0f37f62684 | How is turf toe treated? | Your doctor may suggest a home remedy called RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. You'll need to stay off the foot, ice the toe for 20 minutes every 4 hours, wrap it with a medical bandage, and prop up your foot to ease swelling. You may also have to wear a walking boot or stiff-soled shoe to keep from moving the toe. |
afdc0a20ff8385cc984b4b502149904a | How do you get hepatitis C? | Just like hepatitis B, you can get this type by sharing needles and having contact with infected blood. You can also catch it by having sex with somebody who's infected, but that's less common. If you had a blood transfusion before new screening protocols were put in place in 1992, you are at risk for hepatitis C. If not, the blood used in transfusions today is safe. |
9490ce0df3d081c7e2356abecdc71b65 | Can hepatitis B be treated? | There are several drugs that treat long-term hepatitis B, such as: Adefovir ( Hepsera) Entecavir ( Baraclude) Interferon Lamivudine () Telbivudine ( Tyzeka) Tenofovir ( Viread) For hepatitis C, some people improve if they get a combo of the drugs peginterferon alpha and ribavirin. |
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