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d5b6065376d775a9b1320b7b6835ba02 | How can you keep on top of your health when your non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in remission? | Besides regular checkups, it's important to keep on top of your health in other ways when you're in remission from non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. So think about taking these steps: Visit your primary care doctor once a year. Get routine tests to measure your blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and thyroid function. Get a flu vaccine every year and a pneumonia vaccine every 5 years. If you're a woman, get a mammogram every year beginning at age 40. If you had radiation therapy and are younger than 40, your doctor may recommend starting mammograms ahead of schedule or getting regular MRI scans of your breasts. |
c69f09245213775ebb7d9944e4014b31 | What are some tips to reduce the risk for heart disease in postmenopausal women? | Tips for protecting your heart include: Get your cholesterol and blood pressure checked regularly. Take steps to reduce cholesterol and lower blood pressure if they are too high. If lifestyle changes are not enough to keep your cholesterol at a healthy level and your blood pressure normal, talk to your doctor about prescription medication. If you are diabetic, control your blood sugar. |
cce8f0ac1341ae0c8e34f0e5c8e6bae9 | What effect does a hysterectomy have on female dysfunction? | Many women experience changes in sexual function after a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). These changes may include a loss of desire, and decreased vaginal lubrication and genital sensation. These problems may be associated with the hormonal changes that occur with the loss of the uterus. Furthermore, nerves and blood vessels critical to sexual function can be damaged during the surgery. |
892d1329c79a7cb4a705c78678376027 | How does menopause affect female sexual dysfunction? | The loss of estrogen following menopause can lead to changes in a woman's sexual functioning. Emotional changes that often accompany menopause can add to a woman's loss of interest in sex and/or ability to become aroused. Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) or vaginal lubricants may improve certain conditions, such as loss of vaginal lubrication and genital sensation, which can create problems with sexual function in women. Also, an oral drug taken once a day, ospemifene ( Osphena), makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile. It should be noted that some postmenopausal women report an increase in sexual satisfaction. This may be due to decreased anxiety over getting pregnant. In addition, postmenopausal woman often have fewer child-rearing responsibilities, allowing them to relax and enjoy intimacy with their partners. |
ffc6b71ba47fc65860a9f15392029e00 | What foods are most likely to cause gas? | You're most likely to get gas by eating carbs, which are found in foods like: Beans Vegetables (especially broccoli, cabbage, and onions) Fruits Dairy products Whole-grain foods Soft drinks Fruit drinks In addition to burping and flatulence, you may feel bloated. |
99612256447d86eed014bbed556ee67e | Does everyone get gas from the same foods? | Not everyone will get gas from the same foods. |
c86cc84af37722e7c24ab9323ece5723 | What can I do to swallow less air and reduce gas? | To swallow less air, you can try: Cutting out gum or hard candy Eating more slowly Making sure any dentures you wear fit properly Not drinking through straws |
0dae797c6c97d1ac8ecaa7757a734ecc | Are there prescription drugs to treat gas? | Over-the-counter medications include: Antacids -- especially those that contain simethicone Probiotics -- used to help kill bad bacteria and add good bacteria to the digestive tract Lactase products such as Lactaid and Dairy Ease -- may help people with lactose intolerance Beano -- contains the enzyme that helps digest sugars in beans and many other vegetables Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help move food through your digestive system. Medicines that do that may also move gas through quicker. |
0c41971b33fe028283fce0a118d11a1b | How are gas problems treated? | Gas problems are treated by changing your diet and by training yourself to swallow less air. There are also prescription and over-the-counter medications that can help. Changing your diet will mean getting rid of the foods that cause gas. Unfortunately, this may also result in you having fewer nutritious foods. Ask your doctor to help you build a diet that's healthy but doesn't cause much gas. |
0104c82e009ab94f3de535c0524b8bb8 | How do you make gas? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } You make gas in two ways: when you swallow air, and when the bacteria in your large intestine help digest your food. Undigested food moves from the small intestine to the large intestine. Once it gets there, the bacteria go to work, making hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane, which then leave your body. |
fc6f131cbc07132f4d0f79190f62526f | What are over-the-counter medications for gas? | Over-the-counter medications include: Antacids -- especially those that contain simethicone Probiotics -- used to help kill bad bacteria and add good bacteria to the digestive tract Lactase products such as Lactaid and Dairy Ease -- may help people with lactose intolerance Beano -- contains the enzyme that helps digest sugars in beans and many other vegetables Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help move food through your digestive system. |
42cd4c4a451b4db028e687e7becd848d | What are symptoms of gas? | You're most likely to get gas by eating carbs, which are found in foods like: Beans Vegetables (especially broccoli, cabbage, and onions) Fruits Dairy products Whole-grain foods Soft drinks Fruit drinks In addition to burping and flatulence, you may feel bloated. You could also have pain in your belly or sides. That pain could be mistaken for something else, like a heart attack or appendicitis. |
d1374ea4ab7c0667b8a4cf8f694ca150 | Can urinary catheters cause bladder spasms? | These can happen if your bladder tries to push out the catheter. Medicine can help. |
5250a098941c64e0336e66660bb7f73a | Does testosterone replacement therapy have side effects? | TRT has side effects, which may include: Acne and oily skin Lower sperm count, which can cause infertility Increased risk of blood clots Shrinkage of the testicles Larger breasts Increased risk of heart attack and stroke Guidelines from the Endocrine Society say you should not have TRT if you have prostate cancer or breast cancer. |
b775563e4452bfa933d26edd1cdfa4b6 | How is carbamazepine used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Carbamazepine ( Tegretol): This antiseizure drug has been used to treat mania since the 1970s. Its possible value for treating bipolar depression, or preventing future highs and lows, is less well-established. Blood tests to monitor liver functioning and white blood cell counts also are periodically necessary. |
fc5f0273a40a6fc50accc19488007fe8 | How are benzodiazepines used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation. |
4217dd0ab6ae0946177e8db356fdec4d | How are antidepressants used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Antidepressants Seroquel and Seroquel XR are the only medications FDA-approved specifically for bipolar II depression. Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) are also sometimes used in bipolar II depression, and are thought to be less likely to cause or worsen hypomania than is the case in bipolar I disorder. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. Because bipolar II disorder typically involves recurrent episodes, continuous and ongoing treatment with medicines is often recommended for relapse prevention. |
7e2f637ed270c91223e9b4f970ed7e65 | How is bipolar II disorder different from other types of bipolar disorder? | People with bipolar I disorder experience full mania -- a severe, abnormally elevated mood with erratic behavior. Manic symptoms lead to serious disruptions in life, causing legal or major personal problems. In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. Hypomania in bipolar II is a milder form of mood elevation. However, the depressive episodes of bipolar II disorder are often longer-lasting and may be even more severe than in bipolar I disorder. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder. |
e1dbfcf66ce95d8fbeff8a8b24e99130 | How is lamotrigine (Lamictal) used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Lamotrigine ( Lamictal): This drug is approved by the FDA for the maintenance treatment of adults with bipolar disorder. It has been found to help delay bouts of mood episodes of depression, mania, hypomania (a milder form of mania), and mixed episodes in people being treated with standard therapy. It is especially helpful in preventing lows. |
b9b6770a411e80e9af01f4917558078a | How are antipsychotics used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Antipsychotics By definition, hypomanic episodes do not involve psychosis and do not interfere with functioning. Antipsychotic drugs, such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), cariprazine ( Vraylar), quetiapine ( Seroquel), asenapine ( Saphris), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) and others, are nevertheless sometimes used in hypomania and some (notably, Seroquel) are used for depression in bipolar II disorder. |
e6fc0fc9588f93972ad548d61927a08f | Who is at risk for bipolar II disorder? | A Visual Guide to Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar II disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from some form of bipolar disorder - nearly 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first start. Nearly everyone with bipolar II disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk. |
539be30e2f7910a9b7e3c738809df99d | How is valproate (Depakote) used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure drug also works to level out moods. It has a more rapid onset of action than lithium, and it can also be used "off label" for prevention of highs and lows. |
21b0065b3cecb38c2e4fc481c0c34708 | What are hypomanic episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder? | Symptoms during hypomanic episodes include: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Having exaggerated self confidence Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable) and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep People experiencing hypomanic episodes are often quite pleasant to be around. They can often seem like the "life of the party" -- making jokes, taking an intense interest in other people and activities, and infecting others with their positive mood. What's so bad about that, you might ask? Hypomania can also lead to erratic and unhealthy behavior. Hypomanic episodes can sometimes progress onward to full manias that affect a person's ability to function (bipolar I disorder). In mania, people might spend money they don't have, seek out sex with people they normally wouldn't, and engage in other impulsive or risky behaviors with the potential for dangerous consequences. The vast majority of people with bipolar II disorder experience more time with depressive than hypomanic symptoms. Depressions can occur soon after hypomania subsides, or much later. Some people cycle back and forth between hypomania and depression, while others have long periods of normal mood in between episodes. Untreated, an episode of hypomania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months. |
be97654b62cf3ef3196f40e77a1ede7d | What are depressive episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder? | Depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks, months, or rarely years. |
3e2c11d6a2f2999bca3961a49af7c2d8 | What are some other antiseizure medications for bipolar II disorder? | They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation. |
41493d8071845ce77e600f192ef7cf0c | How is lithium used to treat bipolar II disorder? | Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is highly effective at controlling mood swings (particularly highs) in bipolar disorder. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for long-term treatment than for acute hypomanic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other laboratory tests (such as kidney and thyroid functioning) must be monitored periodically to avoid side effects. |
f914dd5c8bae0e3775e06779e5590fb3 | What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones? | The stones cause no symptoms as they form, but if they reach a size that blocks the duct, saliva backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling. You may feel the pain off and on, and it may get progressively worse. Inflammation and infection within the affected gland may follow. |
d40a78f53d2ccaf1749da537b5fa1a2b | What are the risk factors for heel spurs? | Risk factors for heel spurs include: Walking gait abnormalities,which place excessive stress on the heel bone, ligaments, and nerves near the heel Running or jogging, especially on hard surfaces Poorly fitted or badly worn shoes, especially those lacking appropriate arch support Excess weight and obesity Other risk factors associated with plantar fasciitis include: Increasing age, which decreases plantar fascia flexibility and thins the heel's protective fat pad Diabetes Spending most of the day on one's feet Frequent short bursts of physical activity Having either flat feet or high arches Heel spurs often cause no symptoms. |
0f4d1f4a3937703481d0b915615a8b0f | What are heel spurs? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A heel spur is a calcium deposit causing a bony protrusion on the underside of the heel bone. On an X-ray, a heel spur can extend forward by as much as a half-inch. Without visible X-ray evidence, the condition is sometimes known as "heel spur syndrome." |
d1624460dc3beb4475859c30563a40d2 | What does the treatment for heel spurs include? | Treatments for heel spurs and associated conditions include exercise, custom-made orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and cortisone injections. If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. |
e12e66c5eb1ee654f053c00ca25239c0 | What causes heel spurs? | Heel spurs occur when calcium deposits build up on the underside of the heel bone, a process that usually occurs over a period of many months. Heel spurs are often caused by strains on foot muscles and ligaments, stretching of the plantar fascia, and repeated tearing of the membrane that covers the heel bone. Heel spurs are especially common among athletes whose activities include large amounts of running and jumping. |
68614dc61b7a527e7a6ae9e8011f5da5 | What surgical techniques are used to treat heel spurs? | Surgical techniques include: Release of the plantar fascia Removal of a spur Pre-surgical tests or exams are required to identify optimal candidates, and it's important to observe post-surgical recommendations concerning rest, ice, compression, elevation of the foot, and when to place weight on the operated foot. |
76c3728712b1c23438532d55f478d894 | How can you prevent heel spurs? | You can prevent heel spurs by wearing well-fitting shoes with shock-absorbent soles, rigid shanks, and supportive heel counters; choosing appropriate shoes for each physical activity; warming up and doing stretching exercises before each activity; and pacing yourself during the activities. Avoid wearing shoes with excessive wear on the heels and soles. If you are overweight, losing weight may also help prevent heel spurs. |
975bb7b254dfcd0543785e95c3f06d32 | What over-the-counter medications can you take for heel spurs? | He or she may recommend conservative treatments such as: Stretching exercises Shoe recommendations Taping or strapping to rest stressed muscles and tendons Shoe inserts or orthotic devices Physical therapy Night splints Heel pain may respond to treatment with over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil), or naproxen ( Aleve). In many cases, a functional orthotic device can correct the causes of heel and arch pain such as biomechanical imbalances. In some cases, injection with a corticosteroid may be done to relieve inflammation in the area. |
8692d200a3ec56fb0d1449da563a26eb | What causes acne? | The exact cause of acne is not known, but one important factor is an increase in hormones called androgens. These male sex hormones increase in both boys and girls during puberty. Some things that can make acne worse include friction caused by leaning on or rubbing the skin, harsh scrubbing, picking or squeezing blemishes, and emotional stress. Acne is not caused by chocolate or other kinds of foods. |
b5af9544c369584960adec7216e547ec | Does prickly pear cactus affect other medications? | If you take any medications regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using prickly pear cactus supplements. Since prickly pear cactus affects blood sugar levels, it may not be safe if you're taking diabetes drugs. |
33b26c70ca304b91df8bd94633103bb0 | Is prickly pear cactus safe to eat? | As a food, prickly pear cactus seems to be safe. It may cause minor side effects, such as: Upset stomach Diarrhea Bloating Headache Risks. |
3f2a70d8fc909df99256a19bb0ec55a0 | What should you ask your doctor before you take supplements? | Ask your doctor whether you need the supplement based on your current diet and health. Also ask what benefits and risks the supplement can have, how much to take, and for how long you should take it. Make sure your doctor and pharmacist know exactly which supplements and medicines you're taking. |
7fdd64f21c43ef0e9267c278df4b0c6d | Are supplements tested? | Some supplement ingredients have been tested in animal or human studies. For example, folic acid has been shown in studies to reduce the risk of birth defects in pregnant women. However, other supplement ingredients haven't been studied well, or at all. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. |
483c4e93c31fb655afa1b32dc603806a | What does the word "standardized" on a supplement label mean? | Standardized" means that manufacturers ensure every batch of their products is produced in a consistent way, with the same ingredients and same concentration of ingredients. It is usually a term that refers to extracts from plants (herbal medicines), which contain a specific percentage of active ingredient(s). The term âstandardizedâ does not necessarily reflect the quality of the product, however. |
c62b894453ba147c488286c9c9703d12 | How do you know if supplement claims are true? | Supplement makers are not allowed to claim their product diagnoses, treats, cures, reduces the symptoms of, or prevents disease -- and there needs to be a disclaimer statement to that effect on the label. Look for overblown claims on the label or box, such as "totally natural," "completely safe," or "miracle cure." If you're unsure about a product, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Or, call the supplement manufacturer and ask them what studies they've done to support the claims they're making. |
1fedf7d63445a7b7afc0a66b415b944c | What should you do if you have a problem from taking a dietary supplement? | You can reach the FDA at (800) FDA-1088, or go to www.fda.gov/medwatch to report a problem. |
7e18d90b35951840c735485502cc6bb3 | How can you find a good quality supplement? | To be sure you're getting a good-quality product, look for a seal of approval from an organization that tests supplements such as the U. S. Pharmacopeia, Consumer Lab or NSF International. Products that carry these organizations' seal must be manufactured properly, contain the ingredients listed on the label, and not include any harmful contaminants. You can also call the product's manufacturer to find out what research they've done to confirm the supplement's benefits, what production standards they use, and what side effects have been reported from their product. Find out if the supplement hasn't been recalled, by checking the FDA's web site. |
15ea0601b957b28bc8f0c83caa238349 | What is a dietary supplement? | Dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, enzymes, amino acids, or other dietary ingredients. You take these products by mouth in pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid form to supplement your diet. |
7649300c5566146b87ab4a5b602313d9 | What is a "proprietary blend" supplement? | A "proprietary blend" is a combination of ingredients used exclusively by one supplement manufacturer. No other company produces the exact same combination of ingredients, and, in most cases, it is difficult to know from the label the exact amounts of each of the ingredients in that blend. |
0035a1fcfb6ab31331fa368bb7d4dc37 | Does the FDA regulate dietary supplements? | The FDA does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. " |
6c14384dd1ce461bd7661dd0cbfcc44e | What causes body odor? | Sweat by itself is basically odorless. But when the bacteria that live on your skin mix with sweat, they multiply quickly and raise quite a stink. Washing thoroughly, especially the areas where you tend to sweat, can help with body odor. |
0277ee746010a2d6f0f5d8edab65ef29 | Can using antibacterial soap help with body odor? | But when the bacteria that live on your skin mix with sweat, they multiply quickly and raise quite a stink. Washing thoroughly, especially the areas where you tend to sweat, can help with body odor. Washing thoroughly with an antibacterial soap bar will help get rid of some bacteria, which can help with the odor. Look for the word "antibacterial" on the soap's packaging. |
3f1514ee74e0d749f558ee272b26ac6b | What are symptoms of Powassan? | Most Powassan infections are mild. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you do, they'll show up a week to a month after you were bitten and may include: Fever Headache Vomiting Weakness Confusion, memory problems Trouble walking and talking Seizures See your doctor if you have any of these symptoms and might have been exposed to ticks. Call 911 or go to an emergency room for severe symptoms. |
c3a1cd87733a7bd758df154ad874cccb | What are treatments for Powassan? | Although no specific drug or procedure treats Powassan, and many cases are mild, doctors have ways to manage symptoms. If yours are severe, you might need to go to a hospital to get care, such as: Breathing support Fluids through a vein ( IV) Medicine to bring down swelling in the brain The best way to protect yourself from Powassan and other tick-borne diseases is to avoid tick bites: Stay out of wooded or grassy areas whenever you can. |
c5c34c4ed1c851f26bcc957cc529279f | How is Powassan diagnosed? | Your doctor will ask you questions like these: What symptoms do you have? When did they start? Could you have been exposed to ticks? You might need tests of your blood and spinal fluid to check for antibodies that your immune system makes to fight the Powassan virus. |
55ee2842653fc336fc155eb68dbf3703 | What antidepressants can cause serotonin syndrome? | The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants, which work by increasing serotonin, are the serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs). These include citalopram ( Celexa), escitalopram ( Lexapro), fluoxetine ( Prozac), fluvoxamine ( Luvox), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft). |
d3960650d370cdf4fa5151d23002c965 | What other prescription and over-the-counter drugs can lead to serotonin syndrome? | Other prescription and over-the-counter drugs that can raise serotonin levels alone or in combination to cause serotonin syndrome include: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs), a class of antidepressants including desvenlafaxine ( Khedezla), desvenlafaxine succinate ( Pristiq), duloxetine ( Cymbalta), levomilnacipran ( Fetzima), and venlafaxine ( Effexor). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), a class of antidepressants including isocarboxazid ( Marplan), phenelzine ( Nardil), tranylcypromine ( Parnate), and transdermal selegiline ( EMSAM) Buspirone ( Bu Spar), a drug used to treat anxiety disorders Desyrel ( Trazodone ), a drug prescribed for depression or insomnia Migraine treatments such as almotriptan ( Axert), Amerge (naratriptan), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Certain pain medications, including fentanyl ( Sublimaze, Fentora), fentanyl citrate ( Actiq), meperidine ( Demerol), pentazocine ( Talwin), and tramadol ( Ultram) Dextromethorphan , a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter and prescription cough medicines or cold medicines Certain medications prescribed for nausea, such as granisetron ( Kytril), metoclopramide ( Reglan), and ondansetron ( Zofran) Antidepressants that affect multiple serotonin receptors, such as vortioxetine ( Trintellix -formerly Brintellix) and vilazodone ( Viibryd) Some illegal drugs, such as LSD and cocaine, and dietary supplements, including St. John's wort and ginseng, can also lead to serotonin syndrome when combined with antidepressants that affect serotonin. |
c0e5f4e3f206e0ebfdd5060598438cc8 | What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Serotonin syndrome symptoms often begin within hours of taking a new medication that affects serotonin levels or excessively increasing the dose of one you are already taking. Symptoms may include: Confusion Agitation or restlessness Dilated pupils Headache Changes in blood pressure and/or temperature Nausea and/or vomiting Diarrhea Rapid heart rate Tremor Loss of muscle coordination or twitching muscles Shivering and goose bumps Heavy sweating In severe cases, serotonin syndrome can be life threatening. |
2385a25843b8aed7439e8b5e616e1e60 | How is serotonin syndrome treated? | People with serotonin syndrome are typically hospitalized for observation and treatment of symptoms. For example, benzodiazepines are given to treat agitation and/or seizures. Intravenous fluids are given to maintain hydration. Removing the drug responsible for the serotonin syndrome is critical. Hydration by intravenous ( IV) fluids) is also common. In severe cases, a medication called cyproheptadine ( Periactin) that blocks serotonin production may be used. |
74c91fee62940bd3c033cc859e279aba | What role does illegal drugs play in serotonin syndrome? | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs), a class of antidepressants including isocarboxazid ( Marplan), phenelzine ( Nardil), tranylcypromine ( Parnate), and transdermal selegiline ( EMSAM) Buspirone ( Bu Spar), a drug used to treat anxiety disorders Desyrel ( Trazodone ), a drug prescribed for depression or insomnia Migraine treatments such as almotriptan ( Axert), Amerge (naratriptan), rizatriptan ( Maxalt), sumatriptan ( Imitrex), and zolmitriptan ( Zomig) Certain pain medications, including fentanyl ( Sublimaze, Fentora), fentanyl citrate ( Actiq), meperidine ( Demerol), pentazocine ( Talwin), and tramadol ( Ultram) Dextromethorphan , a cough suppressant found in many over-the-counter and prescription cough medicines or cold medicines Certain medications prescribed for nausea, such as granisetron ( Kytril), metoclopramide ( Reglan), and ondansetron ( Zofran) Antidepressants that affect multiple serotonin receptors, such as vortioxetine ( Trintellix -formerly Brintellix) and vilazodone ( Viibryd) Some illegal drugs, such as LSD and cocaine, and dietary supplements, including St. John's wort and ginseng, can also lead to serotonin syndrome when combined with antidepressants that affect serotonin. The FDA recently asked drug manufacturers to include warning labels on their products to let patients know about the potential risk of serotonin syndrome. If you are uncertain about drugs you take or have been prescribed, check the label or speak with your doctor. Don't stop any medication before talking to your doctor. |
c98f6e9826594dc018c482cee15aec10 | What causes serotonin syndrome? | If you experience any of these symptoms, you or someone with you should seek medical attention immediately: High fever Seizures Irregular heartbeat Unconsciousness Serotonin syndrome can occur if you are taking medications, particularly antidepressants that affect the body's level of serotonin. The greatest risk of serotonin syndrome occurs if you are taking two or more drugs and/or supplements together that influence serotonin. The condition is more likely to occur when you first start a medicine or increase the dose. |
631ef6b3d50fe22325f8ba2ba3eede3f | When should I seek medical attention for serotonin syndrome? | Symptoms may include: Confusion Agitation or restlessness Dilated pupils Headache Changes in blood pressure and/or temperature Nausea and/or vomiting Diarrhea Rapid heart rate Tremor Loss of muscle coordination or twitching muscles Shivering and goose bumps Heavy sweating In severe cases, serotonin syndrome can be life threatening. If you experience any of these symptoms, you or someone with you should seek medical attention immediately: High fever Seizures Irregular heartbeat Unconsciousness Serotonin syndrome can occur if you are taking medications, particularly antidepressants that affect the body's level of serotonin. |
4ab3c253b3e23364a7fb7823e7622536 | What if I never want to cook during chemotherapy? | Plan ahead and keep your pantry stocked with easy-to-prepare foods. On days you feel well enough to cook, make extra portions and freeze them for later. Ask friends and family to help you shop and prepare meals, or consider getting your meals delivered. |
7daf90b7673144b42e594cbb1f450eed | How can I make myself eat more during meals during chemotherapy? | Make mealtimes an event. You tend to eat more when you're distracted. Eat while you watch TV or listen to music. Or invite a friend over to keep you company during meals. |
7cf44102260aa8246bdb43d22893545c | Is it bad to eat unhealthy foods during chemotherapy? | Eat your favorite foods. Your appetite, and the foods that appeal to you, can change from day to day. It's OK to eat high-fat, high-calorie foods you normally try to stay away from, or to eat, say, breakfast foods for dinner. For now, eat what sounds good, when it sounds good. |
69901e772270b87df7c3ef7636f67b39 | What if I never want to eat big meals during chemotherapy? | Try small meals. Many people who get chemo find they have more of an appetite when they eat every few hours. Try having six to eight small meals a day rather than three big ones. |
94e1dbd00cccffd48d30db196d78c952 | What if drinking water for chemotherapy is making me less hungry? | Sip liquids throughout the day. Staying hydrated helps your body get rid of toxins, but drinking too much at once can make you too full to eat. Try to drink most of your fluids between meals, rather than during. It's best to make sure you get plenty of water. |
9891383e706bf419bfca264d910bcce8 | Can a specialist help me with eating during chemotherapy? | Try foods you've never eaten before, so you won't notice if they taste âoff.â Get help from an expert. Ask your doctor about seeing a registered dietitian. She can make an eating plan, suggest vitamins and supplements, and help you deal with side effects. |
b88c234af67d90ff52bdebc818086df2 | If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I exercise to normalize my bowel movement? | It's a great way to get your digestive tract going. |
718ae8c8a50910d7198471c8ea121a3a | If multiple sclerosis causes bowel problems, should I use stool softeners to normalize my bowel movement? | But only if your doctor says it's OK. |
689c220d8b780a72cbb15c8ba7082913 | Do people with multiple sclerosis normally have diarrhea? | It usually happens because of allergies or sensitivity to spicy foods or dairy products, bad water or food, a change in activity level, or an infection. Diarrhea can also signal another problem. If it you have it often or all the time, see your doctor. In some cases, she may tell you to see a doctor who specializes in treating bowel problems, called a gastroenterologist. |
d84c0df140008d4eac64b25bc1d5db26 | What are some struggles with having multiple sclerosis and bowel problems? | If you have multiple sclerosis ( MS), your bathroom habits may not be what they used to be. You might have bowel movements a lot more, not as much, or it may be harder to go. Talk to your doctor about these troubles. She can suggest ways to make things regular. But there are also simple ways to adjust your habits to make bathroom visits more predictable. |
d51da1e9915662d51e94ba31e773a677 | How does exercise get bowel movements back to normal? | It's a great way to get your digestive tract going. |
8ac3d394aa20de4fb53140ad39f31bef | How does drinking more fluids get bowel movements back to normal if you have multiple sclerosis? | You might be tempted to cut back on it if your MS gives you bladder problems. But that makes constipation worse. Make your first beverage of the day something hot, such as hot water or apple cider, or drink 1/2 to 1 cup of prune juice in the morning to get things moving. |
7479348476ff4abc0044fd97de345c1b | Do people with multiple sclerosis normally have constipation? | It's very common for people with MS. The disease can interrupt the messages nerves send to and from the brain that signal that it's time for a bowel movement. MS can also keep pelvic floor muscles from relaxing, which helps your body get rid of stool. Also, it can stop the natural increase in activity of your colon after you eat. |
87d28c612fb1ebd2f7641124a83531bc | What should I expect when changing chemotherapy drugs? | After a change, you may notice a difference in your energy levels, appetite, pain, or overall health. Talk to your doctor about how you feel -- he can help you manage your symptoms in the safest way possible. |
e67c3d5bf3e91114aae4f457241531e1 | What if my cancer is spreading during chemotherapy? | If you take certain chemotherapy, but your cancer still gets to a more advanced stage, your doctor may switch to another treatment. This can keep your cancer from spreading further. |
850dda52de049e6f1477864896889660 | What if my chemotherapy treatment is too expensive? | If you get bills that you can't afford, you might be able to switch to a less expensive treatment. |
f77f6ea44edd2cba0d44f81c4f9cbcf6 | Can a bad reaction to chemotherapy cause a change in treatment? | Chemo can cause side effects -- vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and more -- that can be hard to handle. If the treatment is your best chance at a cure, your doctor will probably strongly recommend you stick with it, even if it's hard on you. Sometimes, though, side effects can become too dangerous to keep up the treatment. Some chemo can cause very low levels of blood cells and raise your chance of having an infection. You could also have an allergic reaction to a specific drug. In these cases, your doctor might suggest spacing out your sessions or trying a different medication. |
bcbcb825f66bd226d66aff831c10155a | Will changing my chemotherapy drugs cause new side effects? | Different treatments can have different side effects, so a new treatment plan can often help you feel better. Of course, it may also have side effects of its own, which you should discuss with your doctor. For example, nausea and vomiting are more common with some drugs than others. If you're switching to a drug that's known for this, you might get more medications to keep you from feeling sick. |
b6f6f30ae2e8c4bddcb065edece290ee | Is it okay to switch chemo drugs in the plan for chemotherapy? | Your doctor planned the switch ahead of time. Sometimes your plan includes two different chemo drugs, one after the other. Your doctor will tell you about this early on so you'll know when to expect it. |
3cccfa840deeabe477196f663e5ca03f | How can you tell if you have heartburn or a heart attack? | Chest pain is one of the most common reasons to go to the emergency room. While many of these people are having a heart attack, some folks may have severe heartburn. Often, the pain from a heart attack and a severe heartburn episode is so hard to tell apart that doctors need sophisticated tests to figure out what's going on. To complicate things even more, heartburn and heart attacks have many of the same symptoms and happen in similar types of people, such as those who are older or overweight. |
baf0e5980d56a561984988f6443c292c | How is heartburn diagnosed? | But they may ask you to take special tests to find out how severe the problem is or to keep an eye on your treatment. |
6c64d45239f5a1f0cdf0e9e68467d84f | How can removing spinal fluid help with papilledema? | Removing some spinal fluid often eases the pressure and symptoms. Sometimes, just the fluid needed for testing is enough to make a difference. |
a20013aaad5be8627fe5734df55013f5 | What is the link between papilledema and being overweight? | The exact link to being overweight isn't clear. It's possible that belly fat increases pressure in the chest and starts a chain reaction to the brain. |
e1da06b0bf1218da2eb5ac6c30634c9a | Can treatment cure papilledema? | Unless your doctor finds a specific cause and you treat it successfully, papilledema can return. |
e47953d29596d68958ad6ca74966157b | How can pain relievers help with papilledema? | You can take a pain reliever for your headaches. Topiramate ( Topamax), used for migraines and seizures, also helps some people lose weight and lowers the pressure inside the skull. |
0b95191d6c835309a83259f37a3b7f0a | What medications can cause papilledema? | That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH). |
a4eaf0ab4e77ed0adf88fec43072a6ad | How is mild vision loss in papilledema treated? | For mild vision loss, treatment is usually to lose weight and take a diuretic (water pill) called acetazolamide. This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes. |
d2d27d0c204a87790abcbb19295258a5 | What are two categories of dwarfism? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are two main categories of dwarfism -- disproportionate and proportionate. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by an average-size torso and shorter arms and legs or a shortened trunk with longer limbs. In proportionate dwarfism, the body parts are in proportion but shortened. |
688651b0cacd4ee28c564e523693e222 | What is spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) and what are its features? | A less common form of dwarfism, SED affects approximately one in 95,000 babies. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia refers to a group of conditions characterized by a shortened trunk, which may not become apparent until a child is between ages 5 and 10. Other features can include: club feet cleft palate severe osteoarthritis in the hips weak hands and feet barrel-chested appearance Diastrophic dysplasia. |
aa490e96e10317c7f95e9556f7954d0d | What is diastrophic dysplasia, and what are its features? | A rare form of dwarfism, diastrophic dysplasia occurs in about one in 100,000 births. People who have it tend to have shortened forearms and calves (this is known as mesomelic shortening). Other signs can include deformed hands and feet limited range of motion cleft palate ears with a cauliflower appearance Skeletal dysplasia is caused by a genetic mutation. |
b4879ca8ea01f78e7ff084323c790228 | What are the causes of dwarfism? | Dwarfism can be caused by any of more than 200 conditions. Causes of proportionate dwarfism include metabolic and hormonal disorders such as growth hormone deficiency. The most common types of dwarfism, known as skeletal dysplasias, are genetic. Skeletal dysplasias are conditions of abnormal bone growth that cause disproportionate dwarfism. |
05b75aaa4de935780608257b551e895c | How is dwarfism diagnosed? | Some forms of dwarfism are evident in utero, at birth or during infancy and can be diagnosed through X-rays and a physical exam. A diagnosis of achondroplasia, diastrophic dysplasia, or spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia can be confirmed through genetic testing. In some cases, prenatal testing is done if there is concern for specific conditions. |
bf8e8abbbd352de475b8f40e824f5f59 | What are signs of dwarfism in children? | Sometimes dwarfism doesn't become evident until later in a child's life, when dwarfism signs lead parents to seek a diagnosis. Here are signs and symptoms to look for in children that indicate a potential for dwarfism: a larger head late development of certain motor skills, such as sitting up or walking breathing problems curvature of the spine bowed legs joint stiffness and arthritis lower back pain or numbness in the legs crowding of teeth Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or lessen some of the problems associated with dwarfism. |
16f43cd5c8896b6656158072b7866cf2 | What is the most common form of dwarfism, and what are its features? | The most common form of dwarfism, achondroplasia occurs in about one out of 26,000 to 40,000 babies and is evident at birth. People with achondroplasia have a relatively long trunk and shortened upper parts of their arms and legs. Other features of achondroplasia include: a large head with a prominent forehead a flattened bridge of the nose protruding jaw crowded and misaligned teeth forward curvature of the lower spine bowed legs flat, short, broad feet "double-jointedness" Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias ( SED). |
275fd661092f30da2cebe3327d538dbe | How is high blood pressure linked to obesity? | As your heart beats, it pumps blood through the walls of your arteries. This creates a force, or pressure. If this pressure is too high and goes unchecked for too long, it can damage other organs, such as your kidneys or brain. High blood pressure is more likely if you're overweight or obese. But it also can change, for the better, as you start to take the weight off. |
5f41059ef7d0ae7368de133d5b512fed | How does being overweight lead to sleep apnea? | When you're overweight, extra fat around your neck could narrow your airway and also affect your breathing. You might not know that this is happening. If you feel tired a lot and don't feel more rested after you try simple things like going to bed earlier, tell your doctor. She may send you to a specialist to find out if you have sleep apnea. If you do, there are treatments. And again, it could get better as you lose weight. |
cf32b0572a7062a38fedfba24298a901 | What is metabolic syndrome? | People over 40 who are overweight are most at risk for this disease. But younger people -- even kids and teens -- also get it, and extra pounds make it more likely. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body's blood sugar level is too high. |
fc38ea44a6e8ef6d815fbc42f83ae5c0 | Is cancer linked to obesity? | But they do know that fat feeds the growth of existing cancer cells. Of course, people who aren't overweight can get cancer, too. So just like anyone else, it's important for you to keep up with any cancer tests that your doctor recommends. |
4db5746cf58a91ab8eff77ebc210e23e | How does L-carnitine interact with other medicines? | If you take any medicines regularly, you must talk to your doctor before you start using L-carnitine supplements. They could interact with many drugs such as antibiotics for infections. |
624d23f430385b3c17f46a401f8b6eb4 | What foods have carnitine in them? | A 4-ounce beef steak has an estimated 56 mg to 162 mg of carnitine. Carnitine is also found in smaller amounts in chicken, milk and dairy products, fish, beans, and avocado. Vegans tend to get less carnitine from foods, but their bodies usually produce enough anyway. |
75b599e5fd8f4c833377a4f789c3504a | What do doctors typically recommend for people with nasal allergies? | Nasal steroid sprays are available over the counter or by prescription. They are one of the first treatments recommended for nasal allergies. Flonase, Nasacort Allergy 24 HR, and Rhinocort are available over the counter. Examples of prescription steroid nasal sprays include Beconase, Dymista, Nasarel, Nasonex, Qnasl, Vancenase, Veramyst, and Zetonna. How steroid nasal sprays work: These drugs decrease inflammation within the nasal passages, thereby relieving nasal symptoms. |
0a22093c3e5564c390cab80530a833f0 | Does insurance cover eyelid surgery? | Health insurance companies typically don't cover cosmetic procedures. If you're getting eyelid surgery for a medical reason (for instance, because your eyelids are drooping so much that it affects your vision), and if a vision test confirms that, your insurance company may cover it. Check on that before you get the surgery so you know exactly what you will pay. |
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