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8ec006d16412018c43173aaf7ea6e7d2 | How is palliative care different from hospice? | Unlike with hospice care, you can receive palliative care at any stage in your disease and continue to get treatments to cure it. You don't have to be dying or have a terminal illness to get palliative care. |
188864c760a5b689e7227e5421c7443b | How can a palliative care team help you and your child with emotions? | You may be in pain or too tired to get through the day. The team can answer questions about treatment options, help you make decisions, and let your regular doctors know your wishes. |
4430f4ed6a71199795fa94ae4cb5165c | How can rheumatoid arthritis affect your voice box? | It doesn't happen often, but RA can also affect a joint in your voice box. |
fba4142458e80786eb71a26bd28afa68 | What joints does rheumatoid arthritis affect? | RA usually starts in the hands, but it can affect any joint, including your: Elbows Feet Hips Jaw Knees Neck Shoulders Wrists If you have RA, you'll notice a symmetrical pattern. It shows up in the same joints on both sides of your body, like both wrists or both hips. |
d025987fa72889e5bffe709216b16001 | How do you know if rheumatoid arthritis is in your joints? | RA almost always affects your joints. It may take a few weeks or months for the first signs to show. The inflammation it causes results in classic symptoms like: Stiffness. The joint is harder to use and doesn't move as well as it should. It's especially common in the morning. While many people with other forms of arthritis have stiff joints in the morning, it takes people with rheumatoid arthritis more than an hour (sometimes several hours) before their joints feel loose. Swelling. Fluid in the joint makes it puffy and tender. Pain. Inflammation inside a joint makes it hurt whether you're moving it or not. Over time, it causes damage and pain. Redness and warmth. The joints may be warmer and show color changes related to the inflammation. |
0210331ddc31744f00e2f01f6e690958 | How can rheumatoid arthritis affect your heart? | Likewise, RA can inflame the lining around your heart (called pericarditis) or your heart muscle (called myocarditis). You probably wouldn't notice symptoms from that. There's a chance you could feel shortness of breath or chest pain. |
8e4838d15209040f865a1b8da9e5660c | Does rheumatoid arthritis cause pain? | Fluid in the joint makes it puffy and tender. Pain. |
78f34049748a19dbbcd5ebcc5aed3c3e | Can rheumatoid arthritis affect your lungs? | This may not cause symptoms. But you might notice shortness of breath. Your doctor can treat it with drugs that ease the inflammation in the lungs. |
156112a327954674147f83decb0fd8f9 | Does rheumatoid arthritis affect your eyes? | While many people with other forms of arthritis have stiff joints in the morning, it takes people with rheumatoid arthritis more than an hour (sometimes several hours) before their joints feel loose. |
c4de9b4092e7df3993aadcb621ffef8f | How do you know if rheumatoid arthritis affects the entire body? | Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms can go beyond your joints. You could also feel: Fatigue Muscle aches Poor appetite Bad all over (your doctor may call this malaise) Depression Extreme fatigue could be a sign of anemia, or a lack of healthy red blood cells. |
62a7960fd5476217e09d3a8df3ae35fa | Can rheumatoid arthritis inflame areas around your heart? | Likewise, RA can inflame the lining around your heart (called pericarditis) or your heart muscle (called myocarditis). You probably wouldn't notice symptoms from that. There's a chance you could feel shortness of breath or chest pain. |
98f71b1eb1a43f75c7c7616aee9e280d | Can rheumatoid arthritis affect your voice box? | It doesn't happen often, but RA can also affect a joint in your voice box. |
149454f8d0dfcf479e6fe430d5f2c01c | How can rheumatoid arthritis affect your lungs? | Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms can go beyond your joints. This may not cause symptoms. Your doctor can treat it with drugs that ease the inflammation in the lungs. |
21fbb2f6b5338a0d330c537d70af063f | Does rheumatoid arthritis affect your joints? | RA almost always affects your joints. Redness and warmth. |
8785c2bb8abbc0ffdd7b050772e26db7 | What should I be monitoring while my child is on ADHD medication titration? | What works at first may not continue to over time. Watch your child for symptoms and side effects as he grows and his schedule and lifestyle change. Check in with the doctor every 3 months or so to make sure your child is still on the right treatment. |
911e19179341e7eddc40878001c4db81 | What side effects are associated with ADHD medication titration? | Common side effects include sleeping problems, appetite loss, and not feeling as social. These often go away after a few weeks, so your doctor may encourage you to wait it out and see if they get better on their own. If they don't, your doctor can adjust the dosage or change the medication. Less common but more serious side effects can include hallucinations, tics, and depression. You may want to start during the weekend or over a school break so you can keep a close eye on your child for the first few days. You can also use this time to figure out the best time to take the medicine. |
10d9c5278045ca9b7acdfee0857c12a5 | When is the best time to start titration for ADHD medication in a child? | This is called titration. You may want to start during the weekend or over a school break so you can keep a close eye on your child for the first few days. You can also use this time to figure out the best time to take the medicine. For example, a younger child may need to take the medicine in the morning to focus throughout the school day, and a teen may need a stronger dose later in the afternoon to get through homework or to focus while driving home. |
5c3c5e87e585adddafbf0110d43e1cf6 | How long does ADHD medication titration take? | It can take several weeks. And don't be discouraged if the first medicine your child takes isn't the right fit. The doctor may try titration with two or three different types of medicine before finding the best match. Check in with the doctor every 3 months or so to make sure your child is still on the right treatment. |
3e1897d89e784d935faa79165adc2de5 | How can I find the right ADHD treatment for my child? | Your doctor may prescribe your child a low dose of a medicine, then raise it little by little until your child gets the greatest benefit with the fewest side effects. This is called titration. Watch your child for symptoms and side effects as he grows and his schedule and lifestyle change. |
21675c53c76c10e2276212a2d198246a | What is chest discomfort or pressure like as a symptom of a heart attack in men? | The pain can be severe, but it doesn't have to be. It can be a feeling of âfullness,â squeezing, or pressure. It can even be mistaken for heartburn. The discomfort often happens in the left or center of your chest. The feeling may last for more than several minutes, or it may come and go. |
4d1413362214ebdcbc6748c56aacf4ac | What is chest pain like as a symptom of a heart attack in men? | This is the most common symptom of a heart attack in both men and women. Most often, it starts slowly with mild pain or discomfort. A sudden onset of severe symptoms is sometimes called a â Hollywood heart attack,â because of the typical way heart attacks have been portrayed in movies and television. A heart attack can happen this way, but it doesn't that often. |
8bea03d43685afd970a0cb84544ac945 | What is pain like as a symptom of a heart attack in men? | Pain or discomfort sometimes shows up in other areas because they're not getting enough blood. Usually, it's an area of the body that's above the waist, including the upper part of your stomach, your shoulders, one arm (probably the left) or both, your back, neck or jaw, even your teeth. |
3e386839393ce716249f66b8ba144561 | When should you get help because of symptoms of a heart attack? | Another possible sign is breaking into a cold sweat The more symptoms you have, the more likely it is that you're having a heart attack. |
dd8b716499754a1054b10257e313d614 | What are other symptoms of a heart attack in men? | Shortness of breath, called dyspnea, can happen with or without chest pain and may even be your only symptom. It can happen when you're being active or not and is probably due to congestion (fluid buildup) in your lungs. You may also find yourself coughing or wheezing. Feeling tired for no reason is another common sign. You might feel anxious, too. Nausea and vomiting are less common in men than women. Some people say they feel light-headed or dizzy. Another possible sign is breaking into a cold sweat The more symptoms you have, the more likely it is that you're having a heart attack. But bear in mind, you may have no symptoms at all. These are called silent heart attacks and are more common the older you are or if you have diabetes. |
2b6c3411e142a003a1491dc7dd0f09dd | What should you know about the signs of a heart attack? | Some come on suddenly, and others give plenty of warning. Still, there are some common signs of heart attacks in men. This is the most common symptom of a heart attack in both men and women. The pain can be severe, but it doesn't have to be. If you think there's any possibility that you're having a heart attack, call 911 right away. |
a66e7350f9400f86dc0415bcd9d7e277 | How long are patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) hospitalized? | The goal is to get the inflammation down quickly and stop the immune system attack. This will likely take a week or two in the hospital. |
82225769070d7c82c0e17237b81ac72b | What are the best therapies for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? | After the hospital, they may need some combination of physical, occupational, and speech therapy. They may have to stay in a rehab hospital for a while, or maybe they can go home and work with a therapist. |
2b3cc6a3f408bf8425b153c147da9f0b | What causes acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? | Other symptoms include: Fever Headache Sleepiness Behavior changes such as fussiness or confusion Nausea and vomiting Seizures Coma ADEM seems to be an autoimmune disease. That means your immune system attacks your body's own cells and tissues as if they were outside bacteria or viruses. |
b7a6fde1eb2a9c1f9b6640c9518342a2 | What triggers acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? | Experts don't know exactly what triggers it, but it could be an overreaction to an infection. Most of the time, the attack happens when a child is getting over some common illness, like a cold or stomach bug. ADEM sometimes follows an immunization, particularly certain rabies shots and the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella. No direct connection has been made though. Other times, nothing out of the ordinary happens before symptoms appear. |
68b6c459de79be5f71440fe368b99b1f | What is the treatment for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children? | Most people start with high doses of a powerful corticosteroid by IV for a few days. Your child may feel better within hours. They'll continue to take a steroid (as a pill or a liquid) for several weeks, in smaller and smaller doses. If your child can't have steroids or if they don't work, some procedures can calm the immune system. The doctor may filter their blood through a machine to remove the antibodies that their immune system is sending to attack the brain. This is called plasmapheresis. Or they could get shots of antibodies from a healthy person, which is called intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. |
eafc1d96b9e52e5ba68e38b83143efa7 | What is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? | ADEM is a rare kind of inflammation that affects the brain and spinal cord. It damages the protective coating of nerve fibers, called myelin. Most often, children under age 10 will get it. While symptoms can be severe, they can be treated. Most people make a full recovery and don't have another attack. |
8222fb0245bf264257fdc03ddaaab28b | How is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) diagnosed in kids? | But MS is rare in children. Other differences can also help your doctor make the right diagnosis. Kids with ADEM may have a fever, a headache, seizures, or trouble thinking clearly. The disease usually appears soon after a viral illness. There's no such link with MS. An ADEM attack usually happens once, while multiple sclerosis involves many episodes over time. Tests of spinal fluid usually show certain proteins when you have MS, but not ADEM. With ADEM, spinal fluid usually has more white blood cells than normal. Damage to the brain from ADEM and damage caused by multiple sclerosis look different on an MRI. It's more widespread with ADEM. The doctor has to rule out other illnesses with similar symptoms, too, like infections of the brain and spinal cord such as meningitis. |
dcb810df3de1669c96797596cca04ac6 | What is the outlook for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? | Most of the time, a child who gets ADEM will recover completely. It will be a slow process, over 4 to 6 weeks. But it could be 6 months or up to a year before they're fully well. In some cases, kids don't get over all of their symptoms. They may have lasting vision damage or muscle weakness. They might have trouble in school if they've missed a lot of time, or perhaps as a lingering effect of the attack. About 8 times out of 10, ADEM happens only once. But sometimes you can get it again within a few months, especially if you don't take steroids for long enough. Your child might get MS later, but it's unlikely. In very rare cases, ADEM can be fatal. |
dbb177fd0f77b58fafdb4453bce4ad49 | Does therapy for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) usually continue after hospitalization? | After the hospital, they may need some combination of physical, occupational, and speech therapy. They may have to stay in a rehab hospital for a while, or maybe they can go home and work with a therapist. Your child's doctor will probably want a follow-up MRI to make sure the inflammation is gone and no new scars have formed. |
9bca6fa6c6afd11a43d739876e15929c | How is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) differentiated from other conditions with similar symptoms? | The condition has a lot in common with multiple sclerosis and other diseases that damage myelin. They share some symptoms, like muscle weakness, numbness, loss of vision, and loss of balance. But MS is rare in children. Other differences can also help your doctor make the right diagnosis. Kids with ADEM may have a fever, a headache, seizures, or trouble thinking clearly. The disease usually appears soon after a viral illness. There's no such link with MS. An ADEM attack usually happens once, while multiple sclerosis involves many episodes over time. Tests of spinal fluid usually show certain proteins when you have MS, but not ADEM. With ADEM, spinal fluid usually has more white blood cells than normal. Damage to the brain from ADEM and damage caused by multiple sclerosis look different on an MRI. It's more widespread with ADEM. The doctor has to rule out other illnesses with similar symptoms, too, like infections of the brain and spinal cord such as meningitis. |
a28adeadb87b640f1b2b5ada5d715a9f | What are the causes of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)? | Other symptoms include: Fever Headache Sleepiness Behavior changes such as fussiness or confusion Nausea and vomiting Seizures Coma ADEM seems to be an autoimmune disease. That means your immune system attacks your body's own cells and tissues as if they were outside bacteria or viruses. Experts don't know exactly what triggers it, but it could be an overreaction to an infection. Most of the time, the attack happens when a child is getting over some common illness, like a cold or stomach bug. ADEM sometimes follows an immunization, particularly certain rabies shots and the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella. No direct connection has been made though. Other times, nothing out of the ordinary happens before symptoms appear. |
e0d2b623b5fd0af00d12627966cfb927 | How is oral cancer treated? | Cancer is defined as the uncontrollable growth of cells that invade and cause damage to surrounding tissue. |
3150e9d3966686be6c76da053c8b7cac | What is oral cancer? | Oral cancer appears as a growth or sore in the mouth that does not go away. Oral cancer, which includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and pharynx (throat), can be life threatening if not diagnosed and treated early. |
e88e3c5d1b20460ef4bd7b577d3c891c | What can I do to prevent oral cancer? | To prevent oral cancer: Don't smoke or use any tobacco products and drink alcohol in moderation (and refrain from binge drinking). Eat a well balanced diet. Limit your exposure to the sun. Repeated exposure increases the risk of cancer on the lip, especially the lower lip. When in the sun, use UV- A/ B-blocking sun protective lotions on your skin, as well as your lips. |
b3f892eaf39a4959b73f5604e2fceaf5 | What is the outlook for people with oral cancer? | The overall 5-year survival rate for patients with an early diagnosis of oral cavity and pharynx cancers is 84%. If the cancer has spread to nearby tissues, organs, or lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate drops to 65%. |
1253c1b09d1d5d3fd4fbacc2163ba581 | Who gets oral cancer? | It's estimated that over 50,000 people in the U. S. received a diagnosis of oral cancer in 2019. Risk factors for the development of oral cancer include: Smoking . Cigarette, cigar, or pipe smokers are six times more likely than nonsmokers to develop oral cancers. Smokeless tobacco users. Users of dip, snuff, or chewing tobacco products are 50 times more likely to develop cancers of the cheek, gums, and lining of the lips. Excessive consumption of alcohol. Oral cancers are about six times more common in drinkers than in nondrinkers. Family history of cancer. Excessive sun exposure, especially at a young age. Human papillomavirus ( HPV). Certain HPV strains are etiologic risk factors for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ( OSCC). The American Cancer Society recommends oral cancer screening exams every 3 years for persons over age 20 and annually for those over age 40. |
66a8a2eed04a3bb49ddac9a0fddf5d44 | How is oral cancer diagnosed? | A biopsy may be needed to determine the makeup of a suspicious looking area. There are different types of biopsies and your doctor can determine which one is best. Many doctors don't use brush biopsies because while they're very easy, they still need a scalpel biopsy to confirm the results if the brush biopsy is positive. Also there are different types of scalpel biopsies, incisional and excisional, depending whether only a piece or the whole area is needed to determine what the nature of the problem is. Some doctors perform these biopsies with lasers. Feel for lumps or enlarged lymph nodes in both sides of your neck and under your lower jaw. Call your dentist's office immediately if you notice any changes in the appearance of your mouth or any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above. During your next dental appointment, ask your dentist to perform an oral exam. |
77ef4e18989d4e35b6dd34e2e30e7973 | What are the symptoms of oral cancer? | The most common symptoms of oral cancer include: Swellings/thickenings, lumps or bumps, rough spots/crusts/or eroded areas on the lips, gums, or other areas inside the mouth The development of velvety white, red, or speckled (white and red) patches in the mouth $('.ua_type_mobile .article table').css('width','100%'); Unexplained bleeding in the mouth Unexplained numbness, loss of feeling, or pain/tenderness in any area of the face, mouth, or neck Persistent sores on the face, neck, or mouth that bleed easily and do not heal within 2 weeks A soreness or feeling that something is caught in the back of the throat Difficulty chewing or swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue Hoarseness, chronic sore throat, or change in voice Ear pain A change in the way your teeth or dentures fit together Dramatic weight loss If you notice any of these changes, contact your dentist or health care professional immediately. Call your dentist's office immediately if you notice any changes in the appearance of your mouth or any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above. |
b27f4af4becfc81bcdb477b9986692c1 | How can infection cause breathlessness? | If germs come into your body through your nose and mouth, they can travel to your lungs and cause an infection. This is called pneumonia. Anyone can get it, but you're at higher risk if your immune system is weak, you have a lung disease like asthma, or you smoke. Warning signs: Chest pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain. You may also bring up thick mucus when you cough. |
1b98e97aa71a84118f393e53c7ff2742 | How can anxiety cause breathlessness? | When you're stressed or worried, the muscles that help you breathe tighten. This makes you breathe faster than normal. You may feel like you're not getting enough air, which can make you panic and make your breathing even shallower. Warning signs: Sweating, chest pain, feeling faint. |
322b2312f05745771a0e5f799b0069d4 | How can cancer can cause breathlessness? | Some types of cancer cause fluid to build up in the space between your lungs and chest wall. This can make it painful to take a deep breath. Warning signs: Feeling like there's a weight on your chest, coughing, fever. You may also feel rundown and tired. What helps: Your doctor could prescribe a drug that eases swelling or helps your body get rid of extra fluid. In some cases, he'll need to remove the fluid and treat the area so it doesn't fill again. |
354290e85de285b4f4636dd173a76b35 | How can allergies cause breathlessness? | Pollen, mold, and other allergens do more than cause itchy eyes and a runny nose. They can also irritate the airways in your lungs. This can trigger an asthma attack and make it hard for you to take normal breaths. Warning signs: Coughing, wheezing, chest tightness. Symptoms may last a few minutes or several days. |
ea2088142bd58e1ce7a9b6c6ac946099 | How can anemia cause breathlessness? | This can lead to a condition called anemia. Some people get pale skin and cold hands and feet. Anyone can get it, but you're at higher risk if your immune system is weak, you have a lung disease like asthma, or you smoke. Over time, that makes your body have fewer red blood cells. |
70e632c5e1e0db4e6ed003bba3af438a | What are hookworms? | You can catch this parasite by walking barefoot through infected soil or by drinking or eating food that has hookworm eggs in it. Once hookworms get inside you, they grow in your intestines and feed on your blood. Warning signs: Weakness, feeling tired, stomach pain, diarrhea, weight loss. Hookworms are easy to treat. |
31de9b9cb7f8a1a3592f4d33387e5aeb | What are treatments for breathlessness caused by anxiety? | When you're stressed or worried, the muscles that help you breathe tighten. This makes you breathe faster than normal. Try to stay calm. Sit or lie down and relax your shoulders as much as you can. Breathe in through your nose for 4 seconds, and out through pursed lips (like you're blowing out a candle) for 8. This can help bring your breath back to normal. |
77eabe4aa423d9458c693462a1677f2b | What is myasthenia gravis? | When you're stressed or worried, the muscles that help you breathe tighten. It prevents your nerves and muscles from âtalkingâ to each other like they should. You may notice a drooping eyelid or double vision. Other signs may be trouble with speaking, swallowing, or smiling, feeling tired, and weakness in your arms and legs. For a few people, symptoms go away on their own. But most need drugs to get your nerves and muscles âtalkingâ again. |
730192c4644f05b5446968627e38ddf7 | How do you make memories? | For something to become a memory, three functions must occur, including: Acquisition -- learning or experiencing something new Consolidation -- the memory becomes stable in the brain Recall -- having the ability to access the memory in the future Both acquisition and recall are functions that take place when you are awake. However, researchers believe sleep is required for consolidation of a memory, no matter the memory type. |
533b1843243f9763573763bb17c5e112 | What happens when you sleep? | Scientists don't know exactly how sleep enhances memory, but it appears to involve the brain's hippocampus and neocortex -- the part of the brain where long-term memories are stored. It is thought that during sleep, the hippocampus replays the events of the day for the neocortex, where it reviews and processes memories, helping them to last for the long term. |
3dcb7722f7fab482f55165da8facffb0 | What does sleep affect? | Studies show that sleep affects physical reflexes, fine motor skills, and judgment, too. One study showed that participants who were sleep deprived were more likely to think they were right when they were, in fact, wrong. Studies involving memory tests show that after a single night of sleep, or even a nap, people perform better, whether on a test, in the office, on the athletic field, or in a concert hall. |
e266f8ffbceb71c08f80074e6930bde3 | Why is sleep important for memory? | Imaging and behavioral studies continue to show the critical role sleep plays in learning and memory. Researchers believe that sleep affects learning and memory in two ways: Lack of sleep impairs a person's ability to focus and learn efficiently. Sleep is necessary to consolidate a memory (make it stick) so that it can be recalled in the future. |
9b114f07c99431718235dd5b8ef2e496 | What are tips to help you get more sleep? | Here are some tips to help you get more sleep: Go to sleep and wake up at the same time each day. Get regular exercise, but do not exercise close to bedtime. Experts recommend allowing at least three hours between exercise and bed. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine before going to sleep. Take time to unwind before going to sleep. Take a warm bath, read a book, drink some caffeine-free tea, and avoid any activities that can cause tension. Finish eating two to three hours before going to bed. Create a pleasant sleeping environment: make the room dark, cool, and comfortable. Use a sound machine, or other type of white noise device, to block out unwanted sounds. Do not watch TV or use the computer in bed. Use your bedroom for sleep and sex only. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including getting regular and quality sleep, can be a challenge, especially when you are stressed with a work deadline or test. But, remember (and you need sleep to do this! ), sleep is your friend. So, when it comes to learning and memory, sleep on it. |
9605ab47cfeb3be8d4824976cbb97971 | How does weight affect someone with diabetes getting pregnant? | At this appointment, you and the doctor will discuss: Your weight: Try to reach your ideal body weight before you get pregnant. If you have a few extra pounds, losing them will help prevent complications from diabetes. If you're underweight, adding pounds can make you less likely to deliver a low-birth-weight baby. |
0b58583c6188d4401ff13e6b428b6208 | Is blood sugar important during pregnancy? | Your blood sugar: The doctor will check to see if your blood sugar is in control. This is key, because you may not know you're pregnant until the baby has been growing for 2-4 weeks. High blood sugar during the first 13 weeks can cause birth defects, lead to miscarriage, and put you at risk for diabetes complications. |
13fc056f21f2540198ce2699279da33a | What are some lifestyle changes that need to happen before someone with diabetes gets pregnant? | Your lifestyle: If you smoke or drink alcohol, you'll need to stop. Smoking during pregnancy affects both you and the baby before, during, and after birth. When you smoke, the nicotine (the addictive substance in cigarettes), carbon monoxide, and other toxins travel through your bloodstream and go directly to your baby. These substances can: Deprive you and the baby of oxygen Raise the baby's heart rate Boost the chances of miscarriage and stillbirth Increase the odds of a premature, low-birth-weight baby Make the baby prone to future problems with the lungs or breathing Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to a pattern of birth defects that includes intellectual disability and certain physical problems. No amount of alcohol is known to be safe while pregnant, and there's no safe time during pregnancy to drink. |
22bc783b95126a36af663678a8da60f3 | Why is drinking alcohol while pregnant bad? | These substances can: Deprive you and the baby of oxygen Raise the baby's heart rate Boost the chances of miscarriage and stillbirth Increase the odds of a premature, low-birth-weight baby Make the baby prone to future problems with the lungs or breathing Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to a pattern of birth defects that includes intellectual disability and certain physical problems. No amount of alcohol is known to be safe while pregnant, and there's no safe time during pregnancy to drink. |
a6f42978ad98bb1ab6fe11d1ddc8c8da | How will diabetes medications change during pregnancy? | Your medications: You'll need more insulin during pregnancy, especially the last 3 months. The doctor will tell you how to adjust your dose. If you take diabetes pills, the doctor may switch you to insulin, because some of these drugs can harm the baby. So can some high blood pressure treatments used with diabetes. Bottom line: Discuss all medications you take with your doctor. |
b9f74ea68e1d0fb6e57a21aad5ed7c5d | What is preconception counseling? | At that visit, your doctor will: Order an A1 C test to find out if your diabetes is controlled well enough for you to stop using birth control Test your blood and urine for diabetes-related kidney complications Look for other problems linked with diabetes, like organ, nerve, or heart damage Take your blood pressure Rule out thyroid disease (if you have type 1 diabetes) Check your cholesterol and levels of a type of blood fat called triglycerides Suggest an eye exam to screen for glaucoma, cataracts, and retinopathy Recommend pre-conception counseling This is another important step for women with diabetes. This educational session will help you get physically and emotionally prepared -- and healthy -- for pregnancy. |
d86b75effe180a5f1ac6288b81b19851 | How often should you check your blood sugar if you're pregnant? | How often should you check your blood sugar? Pre-existing diabetes: Before and after meals and before bedtime Gestational diabetes: Before breakfast and after every meal; your doctor can tell you how long after eating you should check. If you are pregnant and have type 1 diabetes, your doctor might sometimes ask you to check your blood sugar in the middle of the night, around 3 a.m. |
5dad61dafdc7b45e87b9fba77595db24 | Why is it important to continually check blood sugar levels if you are pregnant with diabetes? | Tight control will help you avoid complications and long-term health problems for both you and your baby. You're eating differently because your body needs more energy to help your baby grow and be healthy. And your changing hormones affect how your body makes and uses insulin. In the later parts of your pregnancy, you may become more insulin resistant, so blood sugar builds up to higher levels. If you are pregnant and have type 1 diabetes, your doctor might sometimes ask you to check your blood sugar in the middle of the night, around 3 a.m. |
d2595d1067053d75d11b0a72b2cbd5a4 | How can your blood sugar levels affect you during your pregnancy? | Tight control will help you avoid complications and long-term health problems for both you and your baby. You're eating differently because your body needs more energy to help your baby grow and be healthy. In the later parts of your pregnancy, you may become more insulin resistant, so blood sugar builds up to higher levels. If you are pregnant and have type 1 diabetes, your doctor might sometimes ask you to check your blood sugar in the middle of the night, around 3 a.m. |
8057ca05b9be4a1bfc9c82bce9eed9ab | What is the vitreous in the eye? | It's bathed in moisture from a clear jelly known as the vitreous. |
1bba2e63a88002029a9f7473b2928d88 | What is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eye? | These cells absorb excess light so the photoreceptors can give a clearer signal. They also move nutrients to (and waste from) the photoreceptors to the choroid. The choroid is separate from the RPE. |
d101b1d4d45bcf881509d92d3a147b0e | What are photoreceptors? | They're special nerve endings that convert the light into electrochemical signals. |
c712ff0a4cc050933964af4fd21960d4 | Where does the light that enters the eye go? | Its final destination is the retina, which lines the back of your eye. It's like the screen in a movie theater or the film in a camera. The focused light hits cells called photoreceptors. |
a7645a4f01a641f4699d7a9bc78aadb3 | How does the lens of the eye work? | It circulates throughout the front part of your eye and keeps pressure inside constant After the aqueous humor, light passes through the pupil. This is the central round opening in your iris, the colored part of your eye. It changes size to control how much light gets in farther back. Next up is the lens. It works just like a camera to focus light. It adjusts shape depending on whether the light reflects off something near to you or far away. |
4bfff49ec26abdb79e30d674a0081dfb | What is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid, and sclera in the retina? | These cells absorb excess light so the photoreceptors can give a clearer signal. They also move nutrients to (and waste from) the photoreceptors to the choroid. The choroid is separate from the RPE. It lies behind the retina and is made up of many fine blood vessels that supply nutrition to the retina and the RPE. Sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outside wall of your eye. It's connected to the clear cornea in front. |
54f27716c02da5555e556ab18a437aaf | What are the blood vessels, macula, and photoreceptors in the retina? | Unlike a movie screen, the retina has many parts: Blood vessels bring nutrients to your nerve cells. The macula is the bull's-eye at the center of your retina. The dead center is called the fovea. Because it's the focal point of your eye, it has more special, light-sensitive nerve endings, called photoreceptors, than any other part. Photoreceptors come in two kinds: rods and cones. They're special nerve endings that convert the light into electrochemical signals. |
0965c2a282aaa433e00bf13143620a91 | What happens after light enters the pupil? | It circulates throughout the front part of your eye and keeps pressure inside constant After the aqueous humor, light passes through the pupil. This is the central round opening in your iris, the colored part of your eye. It changes size to control how much light gets in farther back. Next up is the lens. It works just like a camera to focus light. It adjusts shape depending on whether the light reflects off something near to you or far away. This light now pierces the center of the eye. It's bathed in moisture from a clear jelly known as the vitreous. |
2b072bdfdc9fe0db42b46e385c782da7 | How do our eyes work? | The first thing it touches is a thin veil of tears in the front. Behind this is your eye's front window, the cornea. This clear layer helps focus the light. On the other side is liquid called the aqueous humor. It circulates throughout the front part of your eye and keeps pressure inside constant After the aqueous humor, light passes through the pupil. And that's how you see: Light, reflected from an object, enters the eye, gets focused, is converted into electrochemical signals, delivered to the brain, and is interpreted, or "seen," as an image. |
d277f7a7e2ac36a81cf1a9eac68c4712 | How does the eye see? | The macula is the bull's-eye at the center of your retina. They're special nerve endings that convert the light into electrochemical signals. And that's how you see: Light, reflected from an object, enters the eye, gets focused, is converted into electrochemical signals, delivered to the brain, and is interpreted, or "seen," as an image. |
63795b7b0fe00b55734ab021fe3eaa4d | What are tips to help manage the emotional changes of menopause? | Here are some tips that may make it easier for you to handle your fluctuating emotions: Exercise and eat healthy. Find a self-calming skill to practice, such as yoga, meditation, or rhythmic breathing. Avoid tranquilizers and alcohol. Engage in a creative outlet that fosters a sense of achievement. Stay connected with your family and community. Nurture your friendships. |
a2b012d989256b7a39654ebba8d656b8 | Can hormone replacement therapy help during menopause? | Although depression is not caused by menopause, some women exhibit the symptoms of depression during this time. If you are feeling increasingly unable to cope, see your doctor. He or she may be able to recommend medicine, such as antidepressants, or therapy that can get you through this rough time. |
7648eb68a68d6101c9f162c2b1eeecc4 | When should I see a doctor about menopause? | Although depression is not caused by menopause, some women exhibit the symptoms of depression during this time. If you are feeling increasingly unable to cope, see your doctor. He or she may be able to recommend medicine, such as antidepressants, or therapy that can get you through this rough time. |
33f85fdedd9e196bdde6ec2b7988d65b | Is having a hard time concentrating and being forgetful a normal part of perimenopause? | Unfortunately, difficulty with concentration and minor memory problems can often be a normal part of perimenopause, the time leading up to menopause (defined as not having a period for a year). The good news is that it is likely to be temporary. Current medical knowledge is limited as to why memory changes occur with perimenopause, and there are currently no treatments available to relieve these symptoms. If you are having memory problems, discuss this with your doctor. He or she can help manage memory problems or refer you to a provider who can. |
759fc8abca0cde4262f3f84cfe7c0a16 | What are the emotional changes experienced with menopause? | Some of the emotional changes experienced by women undergoing perimenopause or menopause can include: Irritability Feelings of sadness Lack of motivation Anxiety Aggressiveness Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Mood changes Tension If you are feeling irritable and sad, there is a good chance it could be related to menopause, but the above listed symptoms are not linked only to menopause. There are a number of conditions that can cause you to feel downright irritable. Tell your doctor how you are feeling, so he or she can rule out other medical or psychiatric conditions. Irritability and feelings of sadness are the most common emotional symptoms of menopause. |
11af62685b1d1cc81445f921e838ff74 | How can I cope with the emotional changes of menopause? | Some of the emotional changes experienced by women undergoing perimenopause or menopause can include: Irritability Feelings of sadness Lack of motivation Anxiety Aggressiveness Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Mood changes Tension If you are feeling irritable and sad, there is a good chance it could be related to menopause, but the above listed symptoms are not linked only to menopause. He or she may be able to recommend medicine, such as antidepressants, or therapy that can get you through this rough time. |
2ad417e6325c3a3971b768a94a5f5ed3 | What is the first step in treating headaches and migraines? | Keeping a headache or migraine diary is the first step toward keeping pain from disrupting your life. |
95c2cd1639f1d76635b4dda824533ca3 | When should I keep a daily headache diary? | Possible signs include: Irritability Depression Frequent yawning Feeling especially excitable If headaches plague you, keep a daily headache diary. That way you can look back a day or two before a headache starts for signs of what may have triggered your headache. Record any irritability or other prodromal signs. Also, if you think weather is a factor, record any of the common weather and environmental triggers listed above. Keep a detailed diary for three months to allow the variable patterns of your headaches to show up. |
4538baffe3fa06c7bb792df5c5340cde | Are people who get headaches in extreme weather more sensitive to the environment? | Experts believe that people who get frequent headaches have a greater sensitivity to changes in the environment. They also have a lower threshold to the pain response. The reason, they suspect, is that people who get migraine headaches have likely inherited this sensitivity. |
6385e33db7c7a41dbc47fabc00d999e2 | What can you do to cope with headaches and migraines? | Possible signs include: Irritability Depression Frequent yawning Feeling especially excitable If headaches plague you, keep a daily headache diary. That way you can look back a day or two before a headache starts for signs of what may have triggered your headache. Record any irritability or other prodromal signs. Also, if you think weather is a factor, record any of the common weather and environmental triggers listed above. Keep a detailed diary for three months to allow the variable patterns of your headaches to show up. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
830b6c5e71ef301eb4e6ea0b1f06b844 | Why does the weather trigger headaches and migraines? | As noted earlier, there is a theory that headaches triggered by extreme weather are a protective, or defensive, response because they lead the person to seek a more hospitable environment. Experts believe that people who get frequent headaches have a greater sensitivity to changes in the environment. They also have a lower threshold to the pain response. The reason, they suspect, is that people who get migraine headaches have likely inherited this sensitivity. The survey cited earlier also found that two out of three headache sufferers had not discussed environmental triggers with their doctors. Nearly half of them, though, had been plagued by headaches for more than 20 years. |
f7efe7fe0d3212ed59ef7694c7f56f48 | Do experts know what causes migraine? | Most believe a combination of factors, from genetics to neurovascular imbalances in the brain, play a role. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
744002e8363d180319851690a0e2415a | What are specific weather triggers of headaches and migraines? | Three out of every four respondents said that weather triggered their headache pain. Specific weather triggers include: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature Storms Extremely dry conditions Dusty environments Listed below are common environmental triggers for headaches included in the survey and the percentage of people who identified them as triggers. The survey cited earlier also found that two out of three headache sufferers had not discussed environmental triggers with their doctors. |
62ead84c914b9a62879a1a3dea3f30ea | What plays a role in headaches and migraines? | Most believe a combination of factors, from genetics to neurovascular imbalances in the brain, play a role. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
8e5a67437a982dde21f9e48666e49592 | What are warning signs of headaches and migraines triggered by the weather? | Keeping a headache or migraine diary is the first step toward keeping pain from disrupting your life. Some people have clear signs that a migraine headache is coming. Possible signs include: Irritability Depression Frequent yawning Feeling especially excitable If headaches plague you, keep a daily headache diary. Record any irritability or other prodromal signs. |
2b9224b39c6b4ba65e9d67cf230ae347 | Does the weather really trigger headaches and migraines? | People often have more than one type of trigger for their headaches. But those same experts would agree that headache is still somewhat of a mystery. They also point out that headaches are as individual as they are unpredictable. The only way to know for sure if weather is a factor for you is to find out for yourself. And the only way to do that is with a detailed headache diary. But you may be better able to plan around it and keep your headaches at bay. |
9aa254a46d0b85adccd1da16e90f1271 | What common environmental triggers can cause migraines? | Specific weather triggers include: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature Storms Extremely dry conditions Dusty environments Listed below are common environmental triggers for headaches included in the survey and the percentage of people who identified them as triggers. People often have more than one type of trigger for their headaches. They also said they'd stayed away from places likely to have smoke in the air, such as restaurants or bars. In your headache diary, write the following: Your headache symptoms: where you feel the pain, what the pain feels like, and any other symptoms, such as vomiting or sensitivity to noise, smells, or bright light The time your headache started and ended Any food and beverages you had (common triggers include chocolate, caffeine, and foods with the preservatives MSG and nitrates) Any changes in the weather, such as storms, high winds, or high humidity Any treatment you tried, and whether it helped or made the headache worse Some experts believe that people link their headaches to weather more than is actually true. |
b69e15dea26334347a2148783b721f38 | Can testosterone leves go down in women during menopause? | At menopause, women experience a decline in testosterone. That decline may be correlated to a reduced libido. |
c7b54eaffddc72f402602c37c23fa182 | What happens when testosterone levels rise in women? | If your body produces too much testosterone, you may have irregular or absent menstrual periods. You may also have more body hair than the average woman. Some women with high testosterone levels develop frontal balding. Other possible effects include acne, an enlarged clitoris, increased muscle mass, and deepening of voice. High levels of testosterone can also lead to infertility and are commonly seen in polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS). |
7fb2eab82d910a39255595db3b4f30f9 | Why might estrogen levels fall? | There are many reasons why estrogen levels fall, including: Hypogonadism Hypopituitarism Pregnancy failure (estriol) Perimenopause and menopause (estradiol) Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS) Anorexia nervosa (eating disorder) Extreme exercise or training Drugs that block estrogen include clomiphene, which tricks the body into thinking it has decreased levels of estrogen. |
633d9d65dedbbc5b8a75f632bf8b0c91 | What are the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? | They include: Obesity An apple-shaped body Excessive or thinning hair Acne Menstrual irregularity PCOS is associated with: Higher levels of circulating male hormones Insulin resistance Carbohydrate intolerance -- conditions that make you prone to gaining weight Low levels of HDL -- ''good'' -- cholesterol Elevated triglycerides High LDL -- ''bad'' -- cholesterol Obesity High blood pressure As women with PCOS age, the presence of these risk factors increases their risk for heart disease. |
e73c9f56bb6bcc3a725f5b3ea57bf238 | How can women know if their hormone levels are too high or too low? | Your doctor can do a physical examination and assess your health situation and symptoms to determine if further laboratory tests are needed to check hormone levels. Those tests may be important if you have a health condition such as PCOS or have stopped menstruating because of excessive athletic training or anorexia nervosa. If the tests show abnormal levels of hormones, your doctor can prescribe effective treatment. |
eec613b70a8a3992ce18ea2bc70b5b0f | Can medications cause estrogen levels to rise in women? | This can be a problem for women such as athletes, models, and gymnasts. |
17f4e7af16a06233846ac834dac9bc9c | What symptoms can a drop in estrogen at menopause cause? | The drop of estrogen levels at menopause can cause uncomfortable symptoms, including: Hot flashes Night sweats Vaginal dryness or itching Loss of libido or sex drive Some women experience moodiness. |
2875c47933b66be5e57f61966714ed34 | Do women have testosterone? | Testosterone belongs to a class of male hormones called androgens. But women also have testosterone. The ovaries produce both testosterone and estrogen. Relatively small quantities of testosterone are released into your bloodstream by the ovaries and adrenal glands. |
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