id
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 12
164
| answers
stringlengths 5
3.27k
|
|---|---|---|
78ed1e26e8c741f6015d0ffde4253e21 | What follow-up treatment do you need if you have advanced malignant melanoma? | If you have advanced malignant melanoma, your oncologist may want to see you every few months. These visits may include total body skin exams, regional lymph node checks, and periodic chest X-rays and body scans. Over time, the intervals between follow-up appointments will increase. Eventually these checks may be done only once a year. |
850d1b3015d754b0eadac4b529f6c599 | How can you treat advanced cases of melanoma? | In advanced cases of melanoma, immune therapies, vaccines, or chemotherapy may be used. These treatments are typically offered as clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies of new therapies to see if they can be tolerated and work better than existing therapies. |
a2ce169f5eb481401642a0bc52afe644 | How common is skin cancer in the United States? | Although the number of skin cancers in the U. S. continues to rise, more skin cancers are being caught earlier, when they are easier to treat. Thus, illness and death rates have decreased. |
6464c74c9053c8ea083e1eef055ad337 | What does a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) look like? | A basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) usually looks like a raised, smooth, pearly bump on the sun-exposed skin of the head, neck, or shoulders. Others signs include: Small blood vessels may be visible within the tumor. A central depression with crusting and bleeding (ulceration) frequently develops. A BCC often appears as a sore that does not heal. |
217ce4542d4fadeff89e8013df73db1d | How can I tell if I have the early stages of skin cancer? | Many people, especially those who have fair coloring or have had extensive sun exposure, periodically check their entire body for suspicious moles and lesions. Have your primary health care provider or a dermatologist check any moles or spots that concern you. See your health care provider to check your skin if you notice any changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of pigmented areas (such as darker or a change in areas of skin or moles). |
122e9e0d23195046470a6f7bc09575ed | Can skin cancer be cured? | Most skin cancer is cured surgically in the dermatologist's office. |
da5b02e8ca1b7133932e4649f0c0eb15 | What are examinations like for skin cancer? | If you think a mole or other skin lesion has turned into skin cancer, your primary care provider will probably refer you to a dermatologist. The dermatologist will examine any moles in question and, in many cases, the entire skin surface. Any lesions that are difficult to identify, or are thought to be skin cancer, may then be checked. |
c49950a422958cd54e8010de710929a9 | What does a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) look like? | A squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is commonly a well-defined, red, scaling, thickened bump on sun-exposed skin. It may ulcerate and bleed, and left untreated, may develop into a large mass. |
b22cc8f2180c98ee7ea3d4df5406e1fd | What are other important causes of skin cancer? | Other important causes of skin cancer include the following: Use of tanning booths Immunosuppression, or impairment of the immune system, which protects the body from germs or substances that cause an allergic reaction Exposure to unusually high levels of radiation, such as from X-rays Contact with certain chemicals, such as arsenic (miners, sheep shearers, and farmers) and hydrocarbons in tar, oils, and soot (which may cause squamous cell carcinoma) The following people are at the greatest risk of skin cancer: People with fair skin, especially types that freckle, sunburn easily, or become painful in the sun People with light (blond or red) hair and blue or green eyes Those with certain genetic disorders that deplete skin pigment , such as albinism and xeroderma pigmentosum (a disease in which DNA repair mechanisms, especially in response to ultraviolet light, is impaired) People who have already been treated for skin cancer People with numerous moles, unusual moles, or large moles that were present at birth People with close family members who have developed skin cancer People who had at least one severe sunburn early in life People with burns unrelated to sunburn People with indoor occupations and outdoor recreational habits Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in older people. |
165cf93560c26974093f1bc39e05d1eb | What does advanced skin cancer treatment entail? | In advanced cases of melanoma, immune therapies, vaccines, or chemotherapy may be used. These treatments are typically offered as clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies of new therapies to see if they can be tolerated and work better than existing therapies. |
4eced3231d7cedc48d01282bbac37817 | Do a lot of people die from skin cancer? | A small but significant number of skin cancers are malignant melanomas. When treated properly, the cure rate for both basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) approaches 95%. The remaining cancers recur at some point after treatment. |
c4fe2ecf918e9a82f0b2384260b5109f | How can you prevent getting skin cancer? | Many people, especially those who have fair coloring or have had extensive sun exposure, periodically check their entire body for suspicious moles and lesions. If you have advanced malignant melanoma, your oncologist may want to see you every few months. Attempt to avoid the sun's intense rays between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Select products that filter both UVA and UVB light. If you are likely to sunburn, wear a long-sleeved shirt, pants and a wide-brimmed hat. Avoid artificial tanning booths. |
6f432ce0464dd77289cd91bed4ae46ed | How do doctors treat skin cancer? | A sample of skin (biopsy) will be taken so that the suspicious area of skin can be examined under a microscope. Malignant melanoma, however, may require several treatment methods -- depending on the size of the tumor -- including surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. |
40fdc04bea9f222830e3e850de3a5a88 | How do doctors remove malignant melanomas related to skin cancer? | Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers, with 1 million people in the U. S. diagnosed each year with some type of the disease. Depending on the thickness of the melanoma, neighboring lymph nodes may also be removed and tested for cancer. |
c0fc8782cb80b7494643f03da7f71185 | What is the outcome of cancerous melanoma? | Thin lesions are almost always cured by simple surgery alone. Thicker tumors, which usually have been present for some time but have gone undetected, may spread to other organs. Surgery removes the tumor and any local spread, but it cannot remove distant metastasis. Other therapies, such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy, are used to treat the metastatic tumors. Malignant melanoma causes more than 75% of deaths from skin cancer. Melanoma on the sole of the foot. |
e3164587a4ce295e8bafd0f7eaf14883 | How is surgery done for cancerous melanoma? | Usually, surgical removal of the lesion is adequate. To ensure the complete removal of this dangerous malignancy, 1-2 cm of normal-appearing skin surrounding the tumor is also removed. Depending on the thickness of the melanoma, neighboring lymph nodes may also be removed and tested for cancer. The sentinel lymph node biopsy method uses a mildly radioactive substance to identify which lymph nodes are most likely to be affected. |
f5943d24a1d842a5d535cd6b2508101f | What kinds of changes can lead to skin cancer? | Some specific dysplastic changes that occur in skin are as follows: Actinic keratosis is an area of red or brown, scaly, rough skin, which can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. A nevus is a mole, and abnormal moles are called dysplastic nevi. These can potentially develop into melanoma over time. If a mole on your body looks different from the others, ask your health care provider to take a look at it. People sometimes have as many as 100 or more dysplastic nevi, which are usually irregular in shape, with notched or fading borders. Some may be flat or raised, and the surface may be smooth or rough ("pebbly"). They are often large, at a quarter-inch across or larger, and are typically of mixed color, including pink, red, tan, and brown. |
3106880432a58e27da10797daf5d20b5 | How common are skin cancers by age? | Melanomas are one of the most common cancers in younger people, especially in people ages 25 to 29. Surgical removal is the mainstay of skin cancer treatment for both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. |
f728ea6296657b795079f8975db7cef7 | What are the different types of skin cancers? | Other unusual types of skin cancer include Merkel cell tumors and dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans. Like many cancers, skin cancers start as precancerous lesions. Basal cell carcinoma. |
6b410a76827512d7cd3dafbd7fb39a2b | How do you treat obstructive lung disease with medicines? | Airways may be narrowed by spasms in the smooth muscles that are in the wall of the airways (bronchospasm). Medicines that relax these smooth muscles and improve airflow are called bronchodilators, and are inhaled. These include: Albuterol ( Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, Accu Neb, Pro Air HFA) Ipratropium ( Atrovent) Formoterol ( Foradil) Salmeterol ( Serevent) Tiotropium ( Spiriva) Combined medications like Combivent Respimat, Duo Neb, Anoro Ellipta, and Advair, which include a bronchodilator Theophylline ( Theo- Dur and other brand names) is a rarely used bronchodilator taken as an oral tablet. |
f2e6e229d14d048a537663c816fd4cc6 | What are symptoms of obstructive and restrictive lung disease? | In early stages of obstructive or restrictive lung disease, shortness of breath occurs only with exertion. If the underlying lung condition progresses, breathlessness may occur with minimal activity, or even at rest. Cough is a common symptom in restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. Usually, the cough is dry or productive of white sputum. |
6ed646fd3875a6f9ceed45f3bb43be3d | What medicines help reduce inflammation in obstructive lung disease? | Inflamed airway walls may be swollen and filled with mucus, obstructing airflow. Various medicines help reduce inflammation in obstructive lung disease, including: inhaled corticosteroids ( Flovent, Pulmicort, Advair, QVAR, Alvesco, and others) oral corticosteroids (prednisone and others) montelukast ( Singulair) A program of regular exercise will improve symptoms of breathlessness in virtually all people with obstructive lung disease. |
b66805a960375f28601c094abb99e438 | What are obstructive versus restrictive lung disease? | Obstructive lung diseases include conditions that make it hard to exhale all the air in the lungs. People with restrictive lung disease have difficulty fully expanding their lungs with air. Obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung disease cause shortness of breath. |
a91e93824588cfb6269b66ece085be13 | How do doctors diagnose obstructive or restrictive lung disease? | In pulmonary function testing, a person blows air forcefully through a mouthpiece. As the person performs various breathing maneuvers, a machine records the volume and flow of air through the lungs. These may include: Chest X-ray film Computed tomography ( CT scan) of the chest In some people, a bronchoscopy may be recommended to diagnose the lung condition causing obstructive or restrictive lung disease. In a bronchoscopy, a doctor uses an endoscope (a flexible tube with a camera and tools on its tip) to look inside the airways and take samples of lung tissue (biopsies). |
491885639483f75cb4c31f5c6be06a14 | How is osteoarthritis of the hip treated? | The main goal of treating osteoarthritis of the hip is to improve the person's mobility (ability to get around) and lifestyle. Part of this goal involves improving the function of the hip and controlling pain. Treatment plans can involve: Rest and joint care Use of a cane to take weight off the affected hip Nondrug pain relief techniques to control pain Losing excess weight Exercise Medications, including acetaminophen ( Tylenol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen ( Advil), or a prescription pain medication Surgery Complementary and alternative therapies The hip joint is a ball-and-socket mechanism. |
32251daeac58ce95e301418ffcc936cb | What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hips? | If you have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your doctor: Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint A sound or feeling ("crunching") of bone rubbing against bone Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on your socks There is no single test for diagnosing osteoarthritis, but often it is diagnosed by an abnormal X-ray that shows characteristic features such as narrowing of the joint and spurring of the joint margins. |
536ea68ac81fa3c3f817da98a102ff23 | What is the meaning of arthritis? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Arthritis means "joint inflammation." It causes pain and swelling in the body's joints, such as the knees or hips. There are many types of arthritis, but osteoarthritis is the most common. Also known as degenerative joint disease or age-related arthritis, osteoarthritis is more likely to develop as people get older. |
d9a17861ea2fad3fda4a28cb410ec993 | What are the two main types of osteoarthritis? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. The two main types of osteoarthritis are: Primary: More generalized osteoarthritis that affects the fingers, thumbs, spine, hips, and knees Secondary: Osteoarthritis that occurs after injury or inflammation in a joint, or as a result of another condition that may affect the composition of the cartilage, such as hemochromatosis Patients who have osteoarthritis of the hip sometimes have problems walking. |
5ae23bf861ecb22f143bd43a905f5587 | What is the use of hip resurfacing for osteoarthritis? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. If you have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your doctor: Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint A sound or feeling ("crunching") of bone rubbing against bone Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on your socks There is no single test for diagnosing osteoarthritis, but often it is diagnosed by an abnormal X-ray that shows characteristic features such as narrowing of the joint and spurring of the joint margins. Hip resurfacing is a surgical option that can provide relief while delaying hip replacement surgery. In hip resurfacing, the diseased hip joint surfaces are removed surgically and substituted with metal. Rather than removing the ball of the hip socket, the surgeon covers it with a metal cap. |
ed39640ce8efdd2bc1cd39a16f1dc0e4 | How does osteoarthritis affect the hip joint? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. That's because pain can appear in different locations, including the groin, thigh, buttocks, or knee. The pain can be stabbing and sharp or it can be a dull ache, and the hip is often stiff. If you have any of the following symptoms of hip osteoarthritis, talk to your doctor: Joint stiffness that occurs as you are getting out of bed Joint stiffness after you sit for a long time Any pain, swelling, or tenderness in the hip joint A sound or feeling ("crunching") of bone rubbing against bone Inability to move the hip to perform routine activities such as putting on your socks There is no single test for diagnosing osteoarthritis, but often it is diagnosed by an abnormal X-ray that shows characteristic features such as narrowing of the joint and spurring of the joint margins. |
8421ffa310b4cef887300677d1fbe22a | What is total hip replacement surgery for osteoarthritis? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. Treatment plans can involve: Rest and joint care Use of a cane to take weight off the affected hip Nondrug pain relief techniques to control pain Losing excess weight Exercise Medications, including acetaminophen ( Tylenol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen ( Advil), or a prescription pain medication Surgery Complementary and alternative therapies The hip joint is a ball-and-socket mechanism. The ball is located at the top of the thigh bone (femur). Total hip replacement surgery replaces the damaged ball with a metal ball. The hip socket is resurfaced using a metal shell and a plastic liner. |
7c7eb5d0a7cc221aa72b0f59282510b1 | What causes osteoarthritis of the hip joint? | There are many types of arthritis, but osteoarthritis is the most common. Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. The person may be putting extra stress on his or her joints, either by being overweight or through activities that involve the hip. |
cd7e750ffbbda31f358f40bf7f580367 | When does osteoarthritis occur? | Osteoarthritis occurs when inflammation and injury to a joint cause a breaking down of cartilage tissue. In turn, that breakdown causes pain, swelling, and deformity. The primary function of cartilage is to reduce friction in the joints and serve as a "shock absorber." Although cartilage may undergo some repair when damaged, the body does not grow new cartilage after it is injured. |
b1ca2892c6e34c8bc95ecee56898179f | What should you ask your doctor about a sprain or strain? | Make sure you have answers to these questions: What is my injury? What's OK for me to do? What activities should I avoid? What can I safely take for pain and how often? How long will my recovery take? What can I expect during that time? When is it safe to return to full activity? When do I need to get my injury re-evaluated? |
afc36b7e59c5021330b1ec315c6e3c15 | What are the different grades of a sprain? | If you have a sprain, your doctor may mention its âgradeâ: Grade I is stretching of the ligament or a very mild tear, with little or no instability at the joint. Grade II is a more serious but still incomplete tear, with some looseness in the joint. Grade III is a completely torn or ruptured ligament. This is not a broken bone, but can feel like one since it's often impossible to put weight on the joint or use the affected limb because the joint isn't stable. |
34f3296f7678e6eec6213abb3b6ffd44 | How long does it take to recover from a sprain or strain? | The time frame for recovery depends on the severity of the injury and can vary from person to person. It may take just a few days for a slight sprain of an ankle to heal, or it may take months for a knee that needs surgery to reconstruct it. For most mild to moderate sprains and strains, you can expect to regain full mobility within 3 to 8 weeks. More severe injuries can take months for a full recovery. |
28d23ca393e486ce28eae5683adc3a33 | Who's most likely to get strains? | Athletes in contact sports, like football, hockey, and boxing, have the biggest chance of strains. Even in noncontact sports like tennis, golf, or rowing, doing the same motions over and over can lead to strains of the hand and forearm. |
ec0e952286eaf185d084b89bffd0d599 | What causes sprains? | Sprains usually happen when a person falls, twists, or is hit in a way that forces the body out of its normal position. Wrist and thumb sprains are also common, particularly in sports like skiing, where it's not unusual to fall and land on an outstretched palm. Even in noncontact sports like tennis, golf, or rowing, doing the same motions over and over can lead to strains of the hand and forearm. |
737db623a5e605ea5492cec7c45f3459 | What's the difference between a sprain and a strain? | People use the words âsprainâ and âstrainâ almost interchangeably, to describe everything from a twisted ankle to a pulled hamstring. But they're not the same. A strain is also a stretch or tear, but it happens in a muscle or a tendon. Tendons link muscles to the bones. |
4650f247b712cf2bce50647f82c6f4aa | What can help someone who "freezes" in place because of Parkinson's disease? | If you have trouble with "freezing" in place: Rock from foot to foot to get moving again. Have someone place their foot in front of you, or visualize something you need to step over, to get moving again. |
571ad3f9aa39f1c767c0d9f00fb63932 | What can help with the stress of having Parkinson's disease? | The most important step you can take is to seek help as soon as you feel less able to cope with Parkinson's disease. Taking action early will enable you to understand and deal with the many effects of your condition. A mental health care provider can design a treatment plan to meet your specific needs. Strategies can be designed to help you regain a sense of control over your life and improve your quality of life. |
9711ddd8de22c209402f7a764572c6da | Who can get deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson's disease? | One of the most important criteria is that you try drug treatment first. Surgery is not recommended if medications can adequately control the disease. However, surgery should be considered if you do not achieve satisfactory control with medications. Strategies can be designed to help you regain a sense of control over your life and improve your quality of life. |
c76a470b157aa47f8989ffc56c6f8fd9 | Will drinking water and other fluids cure constipation? | Extra fluids help keep the stool soft and easy to pass, but drinking more liquids does not cure constipation. |
8be52d6b669ef7c31232f2f992eb7ed3 | How much fluid is enough to ease chronic constipation? | When it comes to thirst, most experts say you should let your body be your guide. The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board suggests that women get 91 ounces of water each day from foods and drinks and men should get 125 ounces. Remember, this recommendation includes the fluids that you take in from your food. In general, for healthy, average people, 8 cups a day is a good goal. Talk to your doctor about how much water is good for you. People with some medical conditions may need to drink less than that. Others may need more than 8 cups a day. |
20c0fd4802cc0dbfaa6c6db1d6888748 | What causes chronic constipation? | If you don't have enough water in your body already, the large intestine soaks up water from your food waste. This makes you have hard stools that are difficult to pass. There are other causes of chronic constipation too, including what you eat, traveling, medicines, irritable bowel syndrome, and pregnancy. |
cd69c53eb7e07a0a5e5449f214672d4c | Are there fluids you should avoid if you have constipation? | It is a diuretic, which gets rid of water from your body and leads to dehydration. Caffeinated drinks like coffee, tea, and colas are also diuretics, but as long as you drink moderate amounts, they probably won't cause dehydration. |
a4611c413502c1fa175297effb1051ec | How can you prevent dehydration? | Watch the amount of fluid you drink, listen to your body, and drink more liquids during exercise and hot weather. You get dehydrated when your body gets rid of more fluids -- usually through sweating or going to the bathroom more than normal -- than it takes in. Drinking too little water during exercise, hot weather, or daily activities can also cause your body to use up its stored water. |
3a87eccd16ed868ed5867f3425957bcb | Besides water, what other fluids are hydrating for constipation? | Fruit and vegetable juices, clear soups, and herbal teas are also good sources of fluids. |
276f3836511265a4529d082708f215c1 | How can water affect your digestion? | It keeps the food you eat moving through your intestines, and it keeps your intestines smooth and flexible, too. Talk to your doctor about how much water is good for you. |
850d3b88325863b521e2c5f49c88ea5e | How can you treat chronic constipation? | If you're looking for a simple way to ease chronic constipation, drink plenty of fluids every day. Staying well-hydrated can be a key part of your plan to "get things moving" again. Dehydration is one of the most common causes of chronic constipation. |
9e0b482de0102de3c4f54943e7dcacdc | What are some common thoughts that people diagnosed with hepatitis C have? | If you've just been diagnosed with hepatitis C, you may wonder how you got it and worry about passing on the virus to a loved one. If you've had the disease for a long time without knowing it, you could dwell on every little incident in the past where you might have accidentally exposed a family member to the disease. |
7187fc26c0c849ecce81459d8a07b6d9 | How common is it for someone to catch hepatitis C through everyday contact? | It cannot be spread through: Coughing Sneezing Hugging Kissing Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked or bleeding) Sharing utensils or glasses Casual contact Sharing food and water Mosquito or other insect bites That means everyday contact isn't risky. The odds of it spreading between people in a household are near zero. |
f2686751d021673fbb35c61d2d5f0ff3 | What should someone with hepatitis C do to encourage others to get tested? | While the odds of passing on the hepatitis C virus are low, you should still tell anyone at risk that you have hepatitis C. You should tell sexual partners, spouses, and family members. Your infection may be difficult to discuss, but anyone at potential risk must know. |
d270d53f59c9db39eb59d99ec7b44a73 | What are some precautions someone with hepatitis C can take? | Get into a treatment program if you can. At the very least, don't share needles or equipment with anyone else. This includes razors, toothbrushes, nail clippers, or anything else that could have your blood on it. Cover any open wounds or sores with bandages. Carefully dispose of tampons, sanitary napkins, tissues, used bandages, and anything else that might have your blood on it. Hepatitis C can spread through sexual intercourse, but it's rare. You can't give blood if you currently have symptoms or have ever tested positive for hepatitis C. But you can probably donate organs or tissue, since risk of transmission is low and hepatitis C is curable. |
7531b17ede6de88f8fe5331f6cf99729 | How common is hepatitis C spread through sexual activity? | Hepatitis C can spread through sexual intercourse, but it's rare. In fact, the CDC considers the risk of sexual transmission between monogamous couples so low that it doesn't even recommend using condoms. Also, there's no evidence that hepatitis C is spread by oral sex. If you have HIV or if you have multiple partners, you should take precautions. Using condoms will protect you and your partners. |
03e42d04c3989ec81e28821aefbfcb8e | How common is it for a family member to catch hepatitis C? | If you've just been diagnosed with hepatitis C, you may wonder how you got it and worry about passing on the virus to a loved one. It's important to remember that hepatitis C isn't easy to catch. If you take a few precautions, it's almost impossible to pass on the disease to someone else. The odds of it spreading between people in a household are near zero. |
3ffcccbe0e460f65a9210c55c391e224 | What are decongestant sprays? | Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and tissues in your nose that cause congestion. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride ( Afrin, Dristan, Sinex) and phenylephrine hydrochloride ( Neo- Synephrine) are some examples of these medicines. You can buy them over the counter. Don't use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three days. Using them longer can actually make your nose more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that's not under control. |
dac2b2ed1b68318c0358d0e4958b1698 | Is cromolyn safe to use for allergies? | Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side effects can include sneezing and nasal burning. |
8676858c9cd1fcfee4f44383a848812a | What are examples of steroid nasal sprays? | Examples of steroid nasal sprays available by prescription include beclomethasone ( Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide ( Zetonna), fluticasone furoate ( Veramyst), and mometasone ( Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over the counter -- budesonide ( Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone ( Flonase Allergy Relief), and triamcinolone ( Nasacort Allergy 24 HR). Side effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough. |
c31e018fbf0c1698bffff51df6615550 | What are steroid nasal sprays? | These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes. They also help stop a drippy nose. They're often the first drug recommended for allergies, but it takes about a week before you'll notice your symptoms getting better. |
6efea492c17a70f13ea310e10d224e00 | Can nasal sprays help allergies? | You can buy them at the drugstore, or your doctor can prescribe one to relieve a stuffy or runny nose. It can also help a stuffy nose. |
f682c83c165f9217f59e6e7927d1bd31 | When should you call your doctor about eczema? | You develop an itchy rash and have a family history of eczema or asthma. The inflammation doesn't respond within a week to treatment with over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams. You may need more aggressive forms of treatment. You develop yellowish to light brown crust or pus-filled blisters over existing patches of eczema. This may indicate a bacterial infection that should be treated with an antibiotic. During a flare-up of eczema, you are exposed to anyone with a viral skin disease such as cold sores or genital herpes. Having eczema puts you at increased risk of contracting the herpes simplex virus. You develop numerous painful, small, fluid-filled blisters in the areas of eczema. You may have eczema herpeticum, a rare but potentially serious complication caused by the herpes simplex virus. |
2e236009da4409994b9cc8f457a61f88 | How do insulin pumps deliver insulin? | Between meals and overnights, a small amount of insulin is constantly delivered to keep the blood sugar in the target range. This is called the basal rate. When food is eaten, a bolus dose of insulin can be programmed into the pump. You can measure how much of a bolus you need using calculations based on the grams of carbohydrates consumed. |
7c2395b8b86257edd1eca97cbb36db18 | Why should I use an insulin pump for diabetes? | Some health care providers prefer the insulin pump for diabetes because its slow release of insulin mimics how a normally working pancreas would release insulin. One large study concluded the insulin pump is a safe and valuable treatment option for those with poorly controlled blood sugar. Another advantage of the insulin pump is that it frees you from having to measure insulin into a syringe. |
3239a84b9bb00782a89224f06ecc4b9a | What are rare symptoms of malignant hypertension due to brain swelling? | Other symptoms of malignant hypertension include: Blurred vision Chest pain (angina) Difficulty breathing Dizziness Numbness in the arms, legs, and face Severe headache Shortness of breath In rare cases, malignant hypertension can cause brain swelling, which leads to a dangerous condition called hypertensive encephalopathy. Symptoms include: Blindness Changes in mental status Coma Confusion Drowsiness Headache that continues to get worse Nausea and vomiting Seizures High blood pressure, in general, makes it difficult for kidneys to filter wastes and toxins from the blood. |
d0066c2bf5a611c96c9cd5ec9df3df0e | What are complications of malignant hypertension? | Untreated, malignant hypertension causes death. Complications of malignant hypertension also may include: Aortic dissection, which is a sudden rupture of the main blood vessel leaving the heart Coma Fluid in the lungs, called pulmonary edema Heart attack Heart failure Stroke Sudden kidney failure Immediate medical treatment decreases your chances for life-threatening complications. |
039fac35eac597d152af28fc315e7e73 | What are the main symptoms for malignant hypertension? | The main symptoms of malignant hypertension are a rapidly increasing blood pressure of 180/120 or higher and signs of organ damage. Usually, the damage happens to the kidneys or the eyes. Other symptoms depend on how the rise in blood pressure affects your organs. A common symptom is bleeding and swelling in the tiny blood vessels in the retina. The retina is the layer of nerves that line the back of the eye. It senses light and sends signals to the brain through the optic nerve, which can also be affected by malignant hypertension. When the eye is involved, malignant hypertension can cause changes in vision. |
b662c7432fd89c872e13ed19f1126a43 | What are other symptoms of malignant hypertension? | Other symptoms of malignant hypertension include: Blurred vision Chest pain (angina) Difficulty breathing Dizziness Numbness in the arms, legs, and face Severe headache Shortness of breath In rare cases, malignant hypertension can cause brain swelling, which leads to a dangerous condition called hypertensive encephalopathy. |
bb790572e73a1687646e3c4748224c00 | How is malignant hypertension treated? | The doctor will also ask for imaging tests, including: Echocardiogram to check heart function and blood flow through the heart Electrocardiogram ( ECG) to check the heart's electrical function Chest X-ray to look at the shape and size of the heart structures and to detect fluid in the lungs Other imaging tests to evaluate the kidneys and their arteries Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in a hospital, often in an intensive care unit. The doctor will consider your symptoms and overall health when deciding what treatment plan is best for you. The goal of treatment is to carefully lower your blood pressure within a matter of minutes. You will receive blood pressure medicines through an IV, which is the quickest way to treat extremely high blood pressure. Once blood pressure is at a safe level, the medications may be switched to oral forms. If you develop kidney failure, you may need kidney dialysis. Other treatments depend on your specific symptoms and possible causes of the malignant hypertension. |
e756a7a483f85c3d916190d09356bd9d | Why can malignant hypertension cause kidney problems? | Symptoms include: Blindness Changes in mental status Coma Confusion Drowsiness Headache that continues to get worse Nausea and vomiting Seizures High blood pressure, in general, makes it difficult for kidneys to filter wastes and toxins from the blood. It is a leading cause of kidney failure. Malignant hypertension can cause your kidneys to suddenly stop working properly. |
cd98d9a8c6354f3a80291acc34bff60c | What imaging tests will a doctor use to check for malignant hypertension? | The doctor will also ask for imaging tests, including: Echocardiogram to check heart function and blood flow through the heart Electrocardiogram ( ECG) to check the heart's electrical function Chest X-ray to look at the shape and size of the heart structures and to detect fluid in the lungs Other imaging tests to evaluate the kidneys and their arteries Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in a hospital, often in an intensive care unit. |
d6aa53a0b958144476f38f9b4ff07173 | What causes malignant hypertension? | In many people, high blood pressure is the main cause of malignant hypertension. Missing doses of blood pressure medications can also cause it. In addition, there are certain medical conditions that can cause it. They include: Collagen vascular disease, such as scleroderma Kidney disease Spinal cord injuries Tumor of the adrenal gland Use of certain medications, including birth control pills and MAOIs Use of illegal drugs, such as cocaine Malignant hypertension is rare. |
a41788a6afe3661433adb3d8f698f95e | Who's at risk for malignant hypertension? | About 1% of people who have a history of high blood pressure develop this life-threatening condition. You are at greater risk of developing it if you are a man, African- American, or someone of lower economic status. Poor access to health care increases the risk. Other symptoms of malignant hypertension include: Blurred vision Chest pain (angina) Difficulty breathing Dizziness Numbness in the arms, legs, and face Severe headache Shortness of breath In rare cases, malignant hypertension can cause brain swelling, which leads to a dangerous condition called hypertensive encephalopathy. |
28b08d3721954d5b6b7ac78f9a03b451 | What is malignant hypertension? | A person with malignant hypertension has a blood pressure that's typically above 180/120. Malignant hypertension should be treated as a medical emergency. The main symptoms of malignant hypertension are a rapidly increasing blood pressure of 180/120 or higher and signs of organ damage. |
86ae5e7e958e219f26e6dce8a7b8a2a4 | When should someone with schizophrenia call 911? | If you're afraid help from your doctor isn't going to be fast enough, you may need call to 911. To decide when you should call for help, ask yourself these questions: Is your loved one threatening to harm himself or someone else, including you? Has he ever attempted suicide before? Is he unable to feed or dress himself? Is he living on the streets? If you answered âyesâ to any of these, call 911 or a local emergency number. Don't try to solve the situation on your own or put yourself at risk. If you think there's any chance that he will try to commit suicide, ask someone to stay with him while you call for emergency help. |
ed4cad0d66990d679572b6b2fed07ceb | When should someone with schizophrenia call their doctor? | You'll probably notice signs leading up to a psychotic episode. Symptoms vary, but there are some common ones, including: Mistrustful or suspicious beliefs or ideas Unexpected outbursts Isolation from friends and family Noticeable mood changes Trouble sleeping Bizarre behavior Call your doctor for advice if your loved one's mood changes or his thinking seems unusual. If he's stopped taking his medication, but doesn't seem like he's going to hurt you or anyone else, encourage him to visit the doctor with you. |
ed2a8136ced22d57dc22b2c09e623a2c | Is surgery an option for strabismus? | It works best when done during childhood, but adults can have it, too The surgeon opens the eyeball's outer layer to reach a muscle. To strengthen the muscle, the surgeon removes a small section from one end and reattaches at the same location. This makes the muscle shorter, which turns the eye toward that side. To weaken a muscle, the doctor moves it back or makes a partial cut across it. The eye turns away from that side. Any double vision after surgery should go away within a few weeks as the brain adjusts to improved sight. |
75b38dc8d89b0e4d58c541595f9d9ee2 | How is strabismus in children treated? | He may start treatment with eyeglasses or a patch to force your child to use the off-kilter eye until he sees normally. Sometimes, farsightedness is to blame. Glasses may solve the problem. The main goal is to get the problem eye working like it should before your child turns 8 years old. After that, permanent vision loss can set in. |
e7240461da6fe3ec567f298bdd428b0b | What causes strabismus? | There may be a problem with the part of his nervous system that controls eye muscles. Or he could have a tumor or eye disorder. If it doesn't appear until later in life, it will cause double vision. If an adult's eyes cross without warning, he could have a serious condition like a stroke. If either one happens, see a doctor immediately. However, that may lead to "lazy eye," a condition your doctor will refer to as amblyopia. Most adults with crossed eyes were born that way. |
fb135078e63f2a28f81c960fbd0e1211 | How does allogeneic stem cell transplant help in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia? | Allogeneic stem cell transplant. It's the only potential cure. The procedure is usually done if you're young and don't have any medical issues besides CML. It replaces abnormal white blood cells with stem cells you get from a donor and lets your body make healthy blood cells. But there are serious risks, including a disease called GVHD (graft-versus-host disease). When this happens, the new stem cells attack your normal cells by mistake. |
c1da68d57be91675307cd2aaed3df114 | Does chemotherapy help in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia? | It kills the abnormal cells in your body, but it doesn't work as well for CML as other types of leukemia. It's usually used if you're in the "blast" phase of the disease, a period when infections and bleeding are common and can be life-threatening. |
f12de61c722a3a3b70b05cbe8830a389 | How do you know if your treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia is working? | For instance, he'll look to see that you have: Normal blood cell counts with no signs of abnormal white blood cells, called a complete hematologic response. No blood or bone marrow cells that contain the " Philadelphia" chromosome, which creates the BCR- ABL gene. This is called a complete cytogenetic response. No sign of BCR- ABL in your blood, also called a complete molecular response. |
f29caf888072a025a84b7676246c6f7e | How does immunotherapy help in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia? | It helps your immune system, your body's defense against germs, destroy the cancer. |
df35926b62ea467320eb5324302721e3 | What are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia? | Your doctor will likely prescribe a TKI such as: Bosutinib ( Bosulif) Dasatinib ( Sprycel) Imatinib ( Gleevec) Nilotinib ( Tasigna) Ponatinib ( Iclusig) Most people get a quick response from these drugs. |
235a336726d71b04038a70063c9607c6 | What is the first step in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia? | Your doctor will decide on a treatment plan based on the stage of your disease. He'll likely start you off with a type of drug called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( TKI). It blocks a protein called tyrosine kinase, which is made by the BCR- ABL gene and plays a role in the growth of abnormal blood cells. |
9e982e6b09d18d9ca5d987d08fdf0b08 | What is a typical schedule for testing in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia? | While you take TKIs, you'll get regular blood tests, including: Complete blood counts to check white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets Blood cell exams to check the percentage of abnormal blood cells Cytogenetic analysis, which looks for the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) tests to check for the BCR- ABL gene A typical schedule for testing may look something like this: During the first 3 months, you'll likely have a complete round of blood tests every 2 weeks. At 3 months, you may get a follow-up bone marrow study. After the third month, you'll have blood and bone marrow tests at least once every 6 months until you have a complete cytogenetic response. Once you have a complete cytogenetic and molecular response, you'll get a PCR test every 3-6 months and a cytogenetic analysis once every year. |
f74e0c6ded278b4c6465c7ed4b92a83b | What are side effects from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that treat chronic myelogenous leukemia? | Some side effects that you might have from a TKI are: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Rash Headache Fatigue Lower blood cell counts Your doctor will set several goals to help him check if your treatment is doing its job. |
fc83b96f85303565fa7ededce6fdc470 | How effective is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia? | Your doctor will likely prescribe a TKI such as: Bosutinib ( Bosulif) Dasatinib ( Sprycel) Imatinib ( Gleevec) Nilotinib ( Tasigna) Ponatinib ( Iclusig) Most people get a quick response from these drugs. Your doctor will likely know in 3 to 6 months if your treatment works. You may go into "remission" while you take a TKI. That means that the abnormal gene is no longer in your cells. It doesn't mean that you're cured, but your CML is now under control. |
c4ba6c4a80c695bc8813ff9077db03b2 | What blood tests will you get if you take tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myelogenous leukemia? | While you take TKIs, you'll get regular blood tests, including: Complete blood counts to check white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets Blood cell exams to check the percentage of abnormal blood cells Cytogenetic analysis, which looks for the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) tests to check for the BCR- ABL gene A typical schedule for testing may look something like this: During the first 3 months, you'll likely have a complete round of blood tests every 2 weeks. |
513dfc01288a7c8520df345d0e55c52b | What kind of doctor treats chronic myelogenous leukemia? | To find the best one for you, you'll work closely with a specialist called a hematologist-oncologist, a doctor with special training in blood diseases such as leukemia. The goal is to destroy cells that contain the BCR- ABL gene, which leads to too many abnormal white blood cells. It doesn't mean that you're cured, but your CML is now under control. |
c8cb08eb2941e5667848e98d73fc438b | How is obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed? | You are more likely to get the disorder if you have: A parent, sibling, or child with OCD Depression, anxiety or tics Experience with trauma A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Your doctor may do a physical exam and bloodwork to make sure that your symptoms aren't caused by something else. She will also talk with you about your feelings, thoughts, and habits. If your thoughts and habits keep you from doing what you want to do for at least an hour a day, you may have OCD. |
46d9c6b35b9bcc0d6871342fe580be13 | What causes obsessive-compulsive disorder? | Some have both obsessions and compulsions. Certain areas in the brain may not look normal in people with OCD, but more research is needed. There may be a gene or genes linked to OCD, but this is still unknown. You are more likely to get the disorder if you have: A parent, sibling, or child with OCD Depression, anxiety or tics Experience with trauma A history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Your doctor may do a physical exam and bloodwork to make sure that your symptoms aren't caused by something else. |
ba1ac7193d6e20ee721fdec148889cdf | What should I expect on the 3rd day after my hip replacement surgery? | 3 Days After Hip Replacement Surgery Walking will likely be easier. You may be able to walk to the bathroom without help. You will be discharged from the hospital if you are doing well. Some people stay longer if they have complications. Depending on your situation, you may go straight home or to a rehab facility, where you'll recover. |
9ca0fd033b8d8e0d8e90da7d096e806c | What should you expect during your hip replacement surgery? | Day of Your Hip Replacement Surgery You'll check in several hours before your scheduled surgery. Expect to stay for 3 to 4 days. The procedure will probably last about 2 to 3 hours. Recovery from anesthesia will probably take about 2 hours. Once you're fully awake, you'll go to your hospital room. You will likely stick to a liquid diet for the rest of the day. You will need medication to help with pain and to prevent infection and blood clots. |
3484c7815de75b57e052d58c7d4a44d8 | What does a fibroadenoma feel like? | Usually, a fibroadenoma won't cause any pain. It will feel like a marble that moves around beneath your skin. You may describe the texture as firm, smooth, or rubbery. In some cases, though, you won't even be able to feel it at all. |
1381be75b4aad2eba64340588545932d | How is a fibroadenoma treated if it gets larger? | If your fibroadenoma gets larger, the doctor suspects that it might, or he isn't sure whether a lump is a fibroadenoma or not, he'll likely recommend removing any lumps. This will help confirm that a lump isn't cancer and that it doesn't grow and distort the surrounding breast tissue. |
7a2df91c3e325ece7abbb731e50c7a86 | What does follow-up care for fibroadenoma entail? | Most women won't need anything beyond routine screening tests. They'll continue to get any breast changes checked out by a doctor. Having a simple fibroadenoma may raise your risk of breast cancer, compared with women without fibroadenomas. But if yours was complex, it might mean a slightly higher risk of breast cancer later on. Unless you have other things that make breast cancer more likely, like close family members with the disease, your odds are still low. Either way, keep up with your regular checkups, and ask your doctor which screening tests you need and when. |
0c66be8a7f17a969dab4ea310eef64fb | Who gets fibroadenomas? | Fibroadenomas are very common. About 10% of women have one of these breast lumps, often without ever knowing. They most often appear in women between the ages of 15 and 35, or during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Some researchers have found that women with a family history of breast cancer are more likely to get fibroadenomas. Most women only have one. |
debf3298c266ba81b3a69f4e58a9b1ce | How are fibroadenomas treated if they have been removed in the past? | If you've had more than one fibroadenoma removed in the past, and tests confirmed that that's what they were, your doctor also may delay removing any new lumps. |
cd31a8a8ba7a32193a733961451e52a3 | How is a fibroadenoma diagnosed? | If your doctor has told you that you have a fibroadenoma in your breast, don't panic. You can't tell for sure what it is by how it feels. Your doctor will likely feel the lump so he can gauge its texture and size. Even if he thinks it might be a fibroadenoma, he'll recommend that you get more tests to confirm it. You may get an ultrasound or a mammogram, depending on your age and whether you're pregnant. Both are quick scans that you'll get in the doctor's office. A radiologist will then check the images of your breast tissue to see if it's a fibroadenoma or something else. The only way for a doctor to get know for sure that it's a fibroadenoma is through a biopsy, which means taking a sample of the lump to test in a lab. Based on the results of your examination and scan, your doctor will decide whether he needs to get extra confirmation from a biopsy. To do a biopsy, a doctor will insert a thin needle into your breast and pull out a small sample from the lump. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.