id
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 12
164
| answers
stringlengths 5
3.27k
|
|---|---|---|
644c0c3ed20796dc4befdd3cf68aa20e | What are the side effects of using opioids for pain relief? | Side effects of opioids may include: Drowsiness Nausea Constipation Itching Breathing problems Addiction Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain. |
32798921175f7d0f14e775cdfb4cb44d | What are some other pain relievers? | The most common side effects include: Drowsiness Dizziness Fatigue Nausea Another means of topical pain relief comes in the form of a lidocaine ( Lidoderm) patch, which is a prescription medication. If your pain is not relieved by the usual treatments, your doctor may refer you to a pain management specialist. Doctors who specialize in pain management may try other treatments such as certain types of physical therapy or other kinds of medicine. They may also recommend TENS, a procedure that uses patches placed on the skin to send signals that may help stop pain. Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA) is a method of pain control that allows the patient to control the amount of pain medication administered. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient receives a pre-measured dose of pain medicine. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area. |
d64253da43d4cc1d05673752506d0c88 | What are opioids? | Some examples of opioids include: Morphine Fentanyl Oxycodone Codeine Opioids are effective for severe pain and do not cause bleeding in the stomach or other parts of the body, as can some other types of pain relievers. It is rare for people to become addicted to opioids if the drugs are used to treat pain for a short period of time. |
d27ba93e3c10ba059a7b52fff509afa2 | What are some over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers? | Over-the-counter ( OTC) pain relievers include: Acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), including ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) or naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs reduce fever and relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, but only NSAIDs can also reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Acetaminophen and NSAIDs also work differently. NSAIDs relieve pain by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that cause pain. Acetaminophen works on the parts of the brain that receive the "pain messages." NSAIDs are also available in a prescription strength that can be prescribed by your physician. Using NSAIDs increase the risk of heart attack or stroke and have also been known to cause stomach ulcers and bleeding. They can also cause kidney problems. |
425a9827da698bb0039526170404f5fa | What are some prescription pain relievers? | Some examples of topical pain relievers include Aspercreme, Ben- Gay, Icy Hot, and Capzasin- P. Prescription pain relievers include: Corticosteroids Opioids Antidepressants Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Lidocaine patches Prescription corticosteroids provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by easing swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions. |
98ae02de03a7bd063be75c8f99255610 | What are the side effects of using antidepressants for pain relief? | In general, antidepressants have fewer long-term side effects than frequent, ongoing use of other pain medicines. Generally, SSRIs and SNRIs have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. The most common side effects with antidepressants include: Blurry vision Constipation Difficulty urinating Dry mouth Fatigue Nausea Headache Anticonvulsants are drugs typically used to treat seizure disorders. |
b552d7e79853473f6feb0bf11e6b0581 | Which antidepressants work best to treat pain? | Chronic pain conditions treated by low-dose antidepressants include some types of headaches (like migraines) and menstrual pain. Some antidepressant medications include: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) such as citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, desipramine ( Norpramin), doxepin ( Silenor), imipramine ( Tofranil), and nortriptyline ( Pamelor) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs) such as venlafaxine ( Effexor) and duloxetine ( Cymbalta) These drugs require a steady dose of the medicine buildup in the body over a period of time to work. The doses needed to treat pain are often lower than those needed to treat depression. |
7c3cfa13ddd879ef30b7fd0d71d10fd2 | What are anticonvulsants? | The most common side effects with antidepressants include: Blurry vision Constipation Difficulty urinating Dry mouth Fatigue Nausea Headache Anticonvulsants are drugs typically used to treat seizure disorders. Some of these medications are shown to be effective in treating pain as well. The exact way in which these medicines control pain is unclear but it is thought that they minimize the effects of nerves that cause pain. Some examples include carbamazepine ( Tegretol), gabapentin ( Neurontin), and pregabalin ( Lyrica). |
6bd9537e87d597ccc7e5858ff07a74e8 | How do antidepressants treat pain relief? | Side effects of opioids may include: Drowsiness Nausea Constipation Itching Breathing problems Addiction Antidepressants are drugs that can treat pain and/or emotional conditions by adjusting levels of neurotransmitters (natural chemicals) in the brain. These medications can increase the availability of the body's signals for well-being and relaxation, enabling pain control for some people with chronic pain conditions that do not completely respond to usual treatments. Research suggests antidepressants work best for neuropathic or nerve pain. |
7382fea215936c9731e07f0feb9eb837 | What are some topical pain relievers? | Topical pain relievers are also available without a doctor's prescription. These products include creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain from sore muscles and arthritis. Some examples of topical pain relievers include Aspercreme, Ben- Gay, Icy Hot, and Capzasin- P. Prescription pain relievers include: Corticosteroids Opioids Antidepressants Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure medications) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Lidocaine patches Prescription corticosteroids provide relief for inflamed areas of the body by easing swelling, redness, itching and allergic reactions. |
c3b4b1bd607ac2a86e573fa0080e1066 | What are the side effects of using anticonvulsants? | Some of these medications are shown to be effective in treating pain as well. The most common side effects include: Drowsiness Dizziness Fatigue Nausea Another means of topical pain relief comes in the form of a lidocaine ( Lidoderm) patch, which is a prescription medication. |
c444238a0fa8c06cd9da51e6b0b42897 | What is Apremilast (Otezla) and some of its side effects? | Apremilast is a drug you take by mouth that's approved to treat psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis in adults. It curbs phosphodiesterase-4 ( PDE-4), an enzyme that controls inflammation. Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and headache. Some people in studies who took the drug lost weight. If you use the medicine, it's recommended that you check your weight regularly and watch out for signs of depression. |
53e443b6575c80deffa39db6b0240b35 | What biologics are approved by the FDA to treat psoriasis? | Biologic medicines approved by the FDA to treat moderate to severe psoriasis include: Adalimumab ( Humira), a TNF-alpha-blocking antibody Adalimumab-adbm ( Cyltezo), a biosimilar to Humira Brodalumab ( Siliq), a human antibody against interleukins Certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), a TNF-alpha blocker Etanercept ( Enbrel), a TNF-alpha blocker Etanercept-szzs ( Erelzi), a biosimilar like Enbrel Guselkumab ( Tremfya), an antibody against interleukins Infliximab ( Remicade), a TNF-alpha blocker Ixekizumab ( Taltz), an antibody that binds to inflammation-causing proteins/interleukins Risankizumab-rzaa ( SKYRIZI), an antibody against interleukins Secukinumab ( Cosentyx), a human antibody against interleukins Ustekinumab ( Stelara), a human antibody against interleukins Biologics are good at treating psoriasis. |
b99e545337306037d9b96a5db6dbf59b | How were past research treatments of psoriasis executed? | Research in psoriasis doesn't always make headlines -- or win funding -- like discoveries in cancer or heart disease. And studies are hamstrung by the one-of-a-kind nature of your skin. Unlike many other diseases, experiments on mice or other animals aren't very helpful. In recent years, research into other autoimmune diseases brought new insights about the immune system. It turns out that some of the problems in those conditions are active in psoriasis, as well. |
74d499913efd87a2d2078e259fe1a760 | What do new psoriasis treatments look like? | Research in psoriasis doesn't always make headlines -- or win funding -- like discoveries in cancer or heart disease. And studies are hamstrung by the one-of-a-kind nature of your skin. Unlike many other diseases, experiments on mice or other animals aren't very helpful. In recent years, research into other autoimmune diseases brought new insights about the immune system. It turns out that some of the problems in those conditions are active in psoriasis, as well. The new info brought treatments that target specific areas of your immune system. Called biologics, these drugs launched a new era of psoriasis treatment. |
15b00876e02e35ae0b941c4517e427d2 | What were some of the older treatments for psoriasis compared to the newer treatments? | In the 1960s and '70s, new info about how the immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- plays a role in psoriasis led to several new treatments. In recent years, research into other autoimmune diseases brought new insights about the immune system. The new info brought treatments that target specific areas of your immune system. |
73ded23d9a462b0254bc828f61064743 | Are biologics effective in treating psoriasis? | New biologic therapies work well to treat psoriasis, and other new treatments are close to FDA approval. In clinical trials, each of the drugs lowered psoriasis activity by at least 75% in many people. |
735f7b084b5b910cfd0893ed382da7dd | What is the definition of hypnosis? | Hypnosis is defined as an altered state of awareness in which you appear to be asleep or in a trance. Clinical hypnosis may be used to treat certain physical or psychological problems. For instance, it is frequently used to help patients control pain. It is also used in a wide range of other conditions such as weight issues, speech disorders, and addiction problems. |
b70e1b630d69967061fdd86c78ab9969 | How well does hypnosis work to help people stop smoking? | Study results have been mixed. In 2010, a systematic review of published studies found that there wasn't enough evidence to support the use of hypnosis. |
f03a47a24cd08e1c9af4dffdf0efa737 | What is Spiegel's method of hypnosis for quitting smoking? | Spiegel's method is one popular smoking cessation hypnosis technique that focuses on three main ideas: Smoking poisons the body You need your body to live You should respect your body and protect it (to the extent you'd like to live) The hypnotherapist teaches the smoker self-hypnosis, and then asks him or her to repeat these affirmations anytime the desire to smoke occurs. |
de9510d055347850550343e3bc232d4b | How successful is hypnosis for smoking cessation? | Hypnosis, in general, does not work for everyone. About one in four people are not able to be hypnotized. When successful, the intensity of hypnosis can vary from person to person. |
48f32a52d317a7049006ba212584f28b | What should I look for when I hire a hypnotherapist? | Here are some tips when looking for a qualified hypnotherapist: Make sure they are licensed, trained, and credentialed. Ask about their professional training. The American Society for Clinical Hypnosis also suggests asking: â Is this practitioner able to help me without using hypnosis?" If the answer is no, you should look elsewhere. Beware of too-good-to-be true claims or guarantees. Hypnosis does not work for everyone. |
ac92365ef34014d9446aee20acf31250 | What is mind-body medicine? | That's where mind-body medicine comes in. This is a form of what doctors call complementary medicine. That means it isn't the traditional type of medicine you get in a pill or shot. These are practices you do in addition to your regular treatments to help you relax and focus your mind so you can get more control over your emotions and improve your physical health. |
4e81477afc0871341e14c6218b725439 | How can guided imagery session help you? | One 20-minute guided imagery session a day can help: Ease stress and anxiety Slow your heart rate and breathing Lower your blood pressure Boost your immune system to help your body heal more quickly Relieve symptoms of your cancer Manage side effects of treatment How to do it: Sit or lie down in a quiet room and close your eyes. |
ff265a0b3598f3840e528dc27872e2f3 | Does tai chi help you feel better if you have cancer? | It can help people with cancer: Ease anxiety, depression, and stress Lessen fatigue Get better sleep Improve their quality of life and emotional well-being Tai chi is an ancient Chinese martial art. Because it's made up of a series of gentle movements combined with deep breathing, it's sometimes called "meditation in motion." People with cancer who take up tai chi might notice: Lower anxiety and stress Less pain Harder-working immune system Higher quality of life Know that while they can be a helpful add-on to your cancer treatment, they aren't meant to replace standard options like chemotherapy and radiation. |
04d764b415259c4d837a51a8d2db43cc | How is progressive muscle relaxation done? | It can help people with cancer manage side effects like: Anxiety and stress Depression Fatigue Nausea and vomiting Pain Trouble sleeping It's also easy to do: Lie down somewhere quiet. Tense then relax each group of muscles. Start with your feet and work your way up your body. Flex and relax your toes, feet, ankles, lower legs, upper legs, belly, chest, fingers, arms, shoulders, neck, and face. By the time you reach your head, you should feel calmer and more at ease. |
90291fc7ca82d21fdc1747ca2294774a | What type of mind-body medicine are yoga and tai chi? | Yoga and tai chi: These exercise programs blend deep breathing and relaxation. Yoga combines a series of strengthening, stretching, and balance poses with deep breathing. It can help people with cancer: Ease anxiety, depression, and stress Lessen fatigue Get better sleep Improve their quality of life and emotional well-being Tai chi is an ancient Chinese martial art. |
6dd27684ede3006291fd69ec9cc02dcf | What type of mind-body medicine is meditation? | Meditation: This simple practice has been around for thousands of years. It's easy -- just sit quietly and breathe deeply. Sometimes you repeat a word or phrase called a mantra. The idea is to gain control over your thoughts and breathing to help you relax. Even though it's simple, meditation can do a lot of good for people with cancer. Mindfulness meditation, in which you focus only on the present moment and your breathing, can help ease stress, improve your coping skills, and enhance your well-being. |
1403bdbf326ddd2627d4facebe9344e4 | How is guided imagery done? | One 20-minute guided imagery session a day can help: Ease stress and anxiety Slow your heart rate and breathing Lower your blood pressure Boost your immune system to help your body heal more quickly Relieve symptoms of your cancer Manage side effects of treatment How to do it: Sit or lie down in a quiet room and close your eyes. Breathe in and out deeply. Picture an image that's calming and pleasant, like a lake with mountains in the distance. Use all your senses. Feel the gentle breeze on your face. Smell the flower-scented air. Hear the wind ripple the water. Imagine your stress is a small boat moving away from the shore, and away from you. |
ddda82f02df2d1720f61debe6275bfe4 | What type of mind-body medicine is deep breathing? | A few minutes each day can help you feel more relaxed. In one study, deep breathing improved quality of life in people with breast cancer who were treated with chemotherapy. Breathe in and out deeply. Because it's made up of a series of gentle movements combined with deep breathing, it's sometimes called "meditation in motion." |
8a01538ecc2fcb5f3518d7b479c36ffb | Where can I try mind-body practices if I have cancer? | Most people have to learn to manage feelings like fear, anxiety, and depression at some point during their journey. That's where mind-body medicine comes in. These are practices you do in addition to your regular treatments to help you relax and focus your mind so you can get more control over your emotions and improve your physical health. Mind-body medicine helps you relax and buffer some of these effects. It can also help you manage your condition better. |
da5d3fdb3d7ff499171497cd0520d78f | What are the symptoms of drug allergy? | Symptoms of a drug allergy can range from mild to life-threatening. Even in people who aren't allergic, many drugs can cause irritation, such as an upset stomach. But during an allergic reaction, the release of histamine can cause signs like hives, skin rash, itchy skin or eyes, and congestion. A more severe reaction may include swelling in the mouth and throat, difficulty breathing, blueness of the skin, dizziness, fainting, anxiety, confusion, rapid pulse, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal problems. |
cd4c71e05c0dad98419bcb08109f7e32 | What characterizes a brainstem stroke? | Along with vertigo, you'll also have numbness, weakness, trouble speaking, and other stroke symptoms. If you have any of these symptoms, or if you have new vertigo that has not been diagnosed, get immediate emergency help. |
b44b15b9c8812be69629fddc3acad7e1 | Do vestibular migraines cause symptoms of vertigo? | If you're having a vestibular migraine, you may feel: Dizziness that lasts more than a few minutes Nausea and vomiting Balance problems Extreme motion sensitivity -- feeling sick or dizzy when you move your head, eyes, or body Feeling disoriented or confused Feeling unsteady, like you're in a rocking boat Sensitivity to sound You could get dizzy and have balance problems without having a migraine at all. Other times, the vertigo symptoms happen before, during, or after the headache. Sometimes, you might have migraines for years before the vertigo symptoms begin. |
41d2a591205e9216a5079c66074335f5 | What drugs are used to treat vestibular migraines? | CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help. If you have frequent or disabling vestibular migraines, your doctor may try drugs similar to traditional migraine meds. |
831f969b90bf1f20dbea6608c56687fe | What are other names for a vestibular migraine? | There are many names for this type of problem. Your doctor might also call it: Migraine-associated vertigo Migrainous vertigo Migraine-related vestibulopathy Vestibular migraines don't always cause headaches. |
4dccf0aba3ff9bcb897d56bfa89d6551 | Is there a specific medication for vestibular migraines? | There's no specific medication for vestibular migraines. Your doctor will prescribe different drugs to stop an attack when it happens. This is called abortive therapy. |
cab4e84dfc41034ed2afe548c6c0f220 | Who gets vestibular migraines? | It's hard to tell how many people are living with this condition. The symptoms mimic a lot of other diseases. Researchers think they affect about 1% of the population. But that number could be higher. Like traditional migraines, they're more common in women than men. Vertigo symptoms tend to first strike around age 40. But the condition doesn't just affect adults. Kids can get it, too. |
b9596a32514cd6109f50759512bea8e3 | What causes vestibular migraines? | Doctors aren't sure. Like migraines, there are a lot of theories. But how it really happens is poorly understood. They credit it to misfires between nerve cells in your brain. |
ed43d0af17e14e9e2df19cb4a78ba6fc | Are vestibular suppressants used to treat vestibular migraines? | It can ease your dizziness and motion sensitivity. This type of drug works on the balance center in your inner ear. Your doctor might prescribe benzodiazepines like lorazepam ( Ativan), anti-nausea drugs like promethazine ( Phenergan), and antihistamines like meclizine. |
1e27f88b5561e3818786ce257ca625ed | How are vestibular migraines diagnosed? | But the International Headache Society and other organizations recently set up the first criteria to help your doctor diagnose the disorder. |
dab911ac4fb4cdd562ba6670d8484ac6 | What are the symptoms of a vestibular migraine? | Your doctor might also call it: Migraine-associated vertigo Migrainous vertigo Migraine-related vestibulopathy Vestibular migraines don't always cause headaches. The main symptom is dizziness that comes and goes. Vestibular refers to the inner ear, which controls your hearing and balance. If you're having a vestibular migraine, you may feel: Dizziness that lasts more than a few minutes Nausea and vomiting Balance problems Extreme motion sensitivity -- feeling sick or dizzy when you move your head, eyes, or body Feeling disoriented or confused Feeling unsteady, like you're in a rocking boat Sensitivity to sound You could get dizzy and have balance problems without having a migraine at all. |
019a953513d04f32a7b95289df1d55e1 | How does my doctor rule out something else with my vestibular migraine? | At least half of the episodes happen with one of the following migraine symptoms: A headache that has two of these characteristics: is one-sided, pulsing, moderate to severe, or gets worse with activity Sensitivity to light or sound Seeing shimmering or flashing lights in your vision (a migraine aura) He'll likely order an MRI to check your brain and run hearing and balance tests to look for problems with your ears. |
c5ce6b928cac3d1fa0a0ce5fe31a4409 | What signs are indicative of a vestibular migraine? | If you're having a vestibular migraine, you may feel: Dizziness that lasts more than a few minutes Nausea and vomiting Balance problems Extreme motion sensitivity -- feeling sick or dizzy when you move your head, eyes, or body Feeling disoriented or confused Feeling unsteady, like you're in a rocking boat Sensitivity to sound You could get dizzy and have balance problems without having a migraine at all. You have at least 5 episodes of vertigo that make you feel like you are spinning or moving. This isn't the same as motion sickness or feeling faint. These feelings last between 5 minutes to 72 hours. Your symptoms are moderate to severe. That means they stop you from doing everyday tasks or they're so bad you can't do anything at all. At least half of the episodes happen with one of the following migraine symptoms: A headache that has two of these characteristics: is one-sided, pulsing, moderate to severe, or gets worse with activity Sensitivity to light or sound Seeing shimmering or flashing lights in your vision (a migraine aura) He'll likely order an MRI to check your brain and run hearing and balance tests to look for problems with your ears. |
94b07f7bc5a3ec001d7ff694a8b85a47 | Can diet changes help prevent attacks of vestibular migraine? | Your doctor might also call it: Migraine-associated vertigo Migrainous vertigo Migraine-related vestibulopathy Vestibular migraines don't always cause headaches. It's hard to tell how many people are living with this condition. If you have vestibular migraines, these things might trigger your symptoms, too. It can't hurt to cut them from your diet to see if your symptoms ease up a bit. Tracking your diet is another good way to help tell if your vertigo symptoms are really due to headaches. For example, a high-salt diet can make vertigo symptoms worse if you have Meniere's disease. Keep a food diary and show it to your doctor. It can help improve your diagnosis and treatment. |
415c06b3e625c0afb5d34638140b97cd | What is a vestibular migraine? | Unlike traditional migraines, you may not always have a headache. You could be having a vestibular migraine if: You have migraines or had them in the past. |
17a0f77da4c30cd4dee0dc5d5997d7cd | How are frequent or disabling vestibular migraines treated? | If you have frequent or disabling vestibular migraines, your doctor may try drugs similar to traditional migraine prevention meds. You take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain. |
2bb60f232991e3cc5738bb1354d40936 | What are vestibular migraines? | Unlike traditional migraines, you may not always have a headache. You could be having a vestibular migraine if: You have migraines or had them in the past. |
4a56211713028cca8b9324726c47899e | How are vestibular migraines treated? | There's no specific medication for vestibular migraines. Your doctor will prescribe different drugs to stop an attack when it happens. Take these migraine meds at the first sign of headache symptoms. It can ease your dizziness and motion sensitivity. This type of drug works on the balance center in your inner ear. If you have frequent or disabling vestibular migraines, your doctor may try drugs similar to traditional migraine prevention meds. You take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help. |
7c95f79d24f900b3bd5de82304d6f2f5 | How do you know if you are having a vestibular migraine? | If you're having a vestibular migraine, you may feel: Dizziness that lasts more than a few minutes Nausea and vomiting Balance problems Extreme motion sensitivity -- feeling sick or dizzy when you move your head, eyes, or body Feeling disoriented or confused Feeling unsteady, like you're in a rocking boat Sensitivity to sound You could get dizzy and have balance problems without having a migraine at all. You have at least 5 episodes of vertigo that make you feel like you are spinning or moving. This isn't the same as motion sickness or feeling faint. These feelings last between 5 minutes to 72 hours. Your symptoms are moderate to severe. That means they stop you from doing everyday tasks or they're so bad you can't do anything at all. At least half of the episodes happen with one of the following migraine symptoms: A headache that has two of these characteristics: is one-sided, pulsing, moderate to severe, or gets worse with activity Sensitivity to light or sound Seeing shimmering or flashing lights in your vision (a migraine aura) He'll likely order an MRI to check your brain and run hearing and balance tests to look for problems with your ears. |
9f7dd20f7a80d541e73e980d692c1c85 | What medications treat Parkinson's disease? | Selegiline ( Eldepryl Zelapar) and rasagiline ( Azilect). |
4949ede61a133caff49fd458c37bf131 | How does safinamide help with Parkinson's disease? | Safinamide ( Xadago) is an add-on medicine that may be prescribed when individuals taking levdopoa and carbidopa have a breakthrough of Parkinson's symptoms that were previously under control. Studies show that adding this drug helps individuals experience longer times with reduced or no symptoms. The most common side effects are trouble falling or staying asleep, nausea, falls, and uncontrolled, involuntary movements. |
92ad003737d7e9cf2aeebf1a8a8fcf43 | How do dopamine agonists help with Parkinson's disease? | They include ropinirole ( Requip), pramipexole ( Mirapex), and rotigotine ( Neupro). You can take one of these drugs on its own or along with Sinemet. Most doctors prescribe dopamine agonists first and then add levodopa if your symptoms still aren't under control. Dopamine agonists don't have the same risks of long-term problems as levodopa therapy. |
2e740e31578c9a27a42e47fa7e7d2abf | How does Sinemet help with Parkinson's disease? | Sinemet is a mix of levodopa and another drug called carbidopa. Carbidopa makes the levodopa work better, so you can take less of it. That prevents many common side effects of levodopa, such as nausea, vomiting, and irregular heart rhythms. Sinemet has the fewest short-term side effects, compared with other Parkinson's medications. But it does raise your odds for some long-term problems, such as involuntary movements. |
0be33b327c9ff8bf7fe311fef8a31c30 | Which drugs stop the breakdown of dopamine to treat Parkinson's disease? | These drugs block the brain chemicals that break down dopamine. That helps your brain have more dopamine to work with. Some evidence shows that selegiline may slow the progression of Parkinson's disease, especially early on. |
17de0b2d1dbc5414adb74cea27f276d4 | What drugs might you take with levodopa for Parkinson's disease? | Carbidopa makes the levodopa work better, so you can take less of it. Safinamide ( Xadago) is an add-on medicine that may be prescribed when individuals taking levdopoa and carbidopa have a breakthrough of Parkinson's symptoms that were previously under control. They include ropinirole ( Requip), pramipexole ( Mirapex), and rotigotine ( Neupro). You can take one of these drugs on its own or along with Sinemet. When you take levodopa, a chemical in your body called COMT makes part of the drug useless. The drugs tolcapone ( Tasmar) and entacapone ( Comtan) block COMT, so the brain can use levodopa more effectively, which eases Parkinson's symptoms. |
1df01d66b973e43fd7b9c6c9ee7d4d89 | How does levodopa help with Parkinson's disease? | Most people can get relief from their Parkinson's symptoms with medicines. It's also the best at controlling the symptoms of the condition, particularly slow movements and stiff, rigid body parts. Levodopa works when your brain cells change it into dopamine. Sinemet is a mix of levodopa and another drug called carbidopa. A new, inhalable powder form of levopoda ( INBRIJA) has been approved for those experiencing OFF periods, OFF periods are when Parkinson's symptoms return during periods between scheduled doses of levodopa/carbidopa. These drugs act like dopamine in the brain. Have a routine for taking your medications. |
5045b0bbb38674ec450b0c03aad9a112 | What is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Tumors with tiny new blood vessels grow below the surface of the skin and in membranes of your mouth, nose, eyes, and anus. It can spread to your lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and lymph nodes, which are glands that help you fight infection. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. It affects 8 times more men than women. It may spread through sexual contact, but we don't know for sure. KS was once rare, affecting older men from Eastern European or Mediterranean families, young African men, or people who had undergone organ transplants. Now HIV is the most common cause. |
99a93d1ca08ba225bce4e26db91d53d4 | What are life-threatening symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. The most visible signs of Kaposi's sarcoma are lesions on the skin: flat, painless spots that are red or purple on white skin and bluish, brownish, or black on dark skin. When KS spreads elsewhere, it can be life-threatening. You may have: Trouble eating or swallowing Queasiness, vomiting, and belly pain from bleeding and blockages inside Severe swelling in your arms, legs, face, or scrotum Serious coughing or shortness of breath Your doctor may diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma simply by looking at your skin. |
f8f82941a28b6740ad153874e57c2946 | What medications can treat Kaposi's sarcoma? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. Once KS has spread, you'll need meds that go throughout your whole body to kill the cancer. Another type of drug treatment, called biological therapy, works by boosting your immune system. Your doctor may prescribe interferon alfa ( Intron A) if your CD4 cell count is over 200 and you have a fairly healthy immune system. Targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibody therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs), are being tested in clinical trials. These try to attack the cancer and keep it from growing without harming healthy cells. |
3e84b53a1248fa6d82cd69664326a2d8 | What is the most visible sign of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. The most visible signs of Kaposi's sarcoma are lesions on the skin: flat, painless spots that are red or purple on white skin and bluish, brownish, or black on dark skin. Unlike bruises, they don't turn white when you press on them. They aren't itchy, and they don't drain. They're not life-threatening. New spots may show up each week. For some people, these lesions change slowly. They may grow into raised bumps or grow together. |
0f32bdf985f85559cc980c8b49118a64 | How is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. Because people with HIV have weakened immune systems, they're more likely to develop certain cancers, including KS. Most severe cases happen when someone has AIDS, the late stage of HIV infection, but skin lesions can also show up earlier. In many cases, ART is the best way to treat active Kaposi's sarcoma. That won't cure you, but it can make your skin look better. |
cbdf13d8b40ca0c67c08f38a5585acc0 | How is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) treated? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. Your treatment will depend on how many lesions you have and how big they are and where they are, as well as how well your immune system is working. In many cases, ART is the best way to treat active Kaposi's sarcoma. It may even clear up the skin lesions. If you have just a few, you could have them removed. That won't cure you, but it can make your skin look better. Your doctor can cut the tissue out or freeze it to destroy it. Radiation can kill the cancer cells or keep them from growing. A machine can direct it toward the lesions on your body, or your doctor may put radioactive needles, seeds, or wires inside you near the cancer. |
35138519cefde95ce9e837da76389b9f | How is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) diagnosed? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. You may have: Trouble eating or swallowing Queasiness, vomiting, and belly pain from bleeding and blockages inside Severe swelling in your arms, legs, face, or scrotum Serious coughing or shortness of breath Your doctor may diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma simply by looking at your skin. To confirm it, he may take a sample of tissue from a spot and look at it under a microscope, which is called a biopsy. If you have trouble breathing, your doctor may use a thin tube with a light (a bronchoscope) to look into your breathing passages. Or, if you have tummy troubles, he may want to look inside your guts through a lighted tube during a procedure called an endoscopy. |
8b73a518417d32be8c301e2020a43d7d | What are chemotherapy drugs for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)? | Kaposi's sarcoma ( KS) is a type of cancer. Researchers have found that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a herpes virus, HHV-8, also called KSHV. A machine can direct it toward the lesions on your body, or your doctor may put radioactive needles, seeds, or wires inside you near the cancer. Chemotherapy drugs for Kaposi's sarcoma include: Doxorubicin ( Adriamycin, Doxil) Paclitaxel ( Taxol) Vinblastine ( Velban) Chemotherapy can have side effects, including hair loss, vomiting, and fatigue. |
8f784045e743bf8438979a987e2959e9 | What is retinis pigmentosa? | Retinitis pigmentosa ( RP) is a term for a group of eye diseases that can lead to loss of sight. What they have in common is a coloring your doctor sees when he looks at your retina -- a bundle of tissue at the back of your eye. When you have RP, cells in the retina called photoreceptors don't work the way they're supposed to, and over time, you lose your sight. It's a rare disorder that's passed from parent to child. Only 1 out of every 4,000 people get it. About half of all people with RP have a family member who also has it. |
66d7831d142fb1d9dd312400ee9b4f32 | What are the differences between rods and cones? | The retina has two types of cells that gather light: rods and cones. The rods are around the outer ring of the retina and are active in dim light. Most forms of retinitis pigmentosa affect the rods first. Your night vision and your ability to see to the side -- peripheral vision -- go away. Cones are mostly in the center of your retina. They help you see color and fine detail. When RP affects them, you slowly lose your central vision and your ability to see color. |
4db71296cbeecbf8e14c0dc4d56aa8f6 | What are the treatment options for retinitis pigmentosa? | A few options can slow your vision loss and may even restore some sight: Acetazolamide: In the later stages, the tiny area at the center of your retina can swell. This is called macular edema, and it, too, can reduce your vision. This medication can ease swelling and improve your vision. Vitamin A palmitate: High doses of this compound may slow retinitis pigmentosa a little each year. But you have to be careful, because too much can be toxic. Work closely with your doctor and follow her recommendations. Sunglasses: These make your eyes less sensitive to light and protect your eyes from harmful ultraviolet rays that may speed vision loss. Retinal implant: If you have late-stage RP, you may be a candidate a retinal implant that could provide partial sight. Argus II is the implant available in the US. It's implanted into a single eye and paired with glasses equipped with a camera. Images are converted to electrical pulses that are sent to the retina. Many were able to locate lights and windows. Some were able to determine where other people were located in a room and about half of the subjects were able to read letter that were about 9 inches high. Other treatments under review include: Replacement of damaged cells or tissues with healthy ones Gene therapy to put healthy genes into the retina Devices and tools can help you make the most of your vision, and rehab services can help you stay independent. |
df31024aabe2cd89d28610234405a6a8 | How does an eye doctor diagnose retinitis pigmentosa? | He'll look into your eyes and do some special tests: Ophthalmoscope: The doctor will put drops into your eyes to make your pupil wider to get a better look at your retina. He will use a handheld tool to look into the back of your eye. If you have RP, there will be specific kinds of dark spots on your retina. Visual field test: You'll look through a tabletop machine at a point in the center of your vision. While staring at that point, objects or lights will appear to the side. You'll press a button when you see them, and the machine will create a map of how far to the side you can see. Electroretinogram: The eye doctor will put a film of gold foil or a special contact lens on your eye. Then he will measure how your retina responds to flashes of light. Genetic test: You'll submit a DNA sample to find out which form of RP you have. If you or anyone in your family is diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, all family members should go to the eye doctor for screening. |
f7160f7c88e3c36c702daf0c310ecf07 | What causes retinitis pigmentosa? | More than 60 different genes can cause the different types of retinitis pigmentosa. Parents can pass the problem genes on to their children in three different ways: Autosomal recessive RP: Each parent has one problem copy and one normal copy of the gene that's responsible, but they don't have any symptoms. A child that inherits two problem copies of the gene (one from each parent) will develop this type of retinitis pigmentosa. Since two copies of the problem gene are needed, each child in the family has a 25% chance of being affected. Autosomal dominant RP: This type of retinitis pigmentosa requires only one copy of the problem gene to develop. A parent with that gene has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. X-linked RP: A mother who carries the problem gene can pass it down to her children. Each one of them has a 50% chance of getting it. Most women who carry the gene won't have any symptoms. But about 1 out of every 5 will have mild symptoms. Most men who get it will have more severe cases. Fathers who have the gene can't pass it to their children. |
780532a23101a0f29e68b2b4479750b9 | What are the symptoms of retinis pigmentosa? | Because rods are usually affected first, the first symptom you may notice is that it takes longer to adjust to darkness (called ânight blindness). You may lose your peripheral vision at the same time or soon after your night vision declines. You may get "tunnel vision," which means you can't see things to the side without turning your head. In later stages, your cones may be affected. That will make it harder for you to do detail work, and you may have trouble seeing colors. It's rare, but sometimes the cones die first. You might find bright lights uncomfortable -- a symptom your doctor may call photophobia. You also may start to see flashes of light that shimmer or blink. This is called photopsia. |
4be5216dea1ac8773019c4b1b9ce057f | How can the doctor accurately diagnose prostate cancer? | Your doctor is likely to discuss your medical history with you. Answering questions about any history of genital or urinary disease in your family can help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may also ask about any changes in your pattern of urinating. |
22f13ce3e41e4e556ebc96527d2598fb | Why are these prostate cancer tests not completely accurate? | Neither of these initial tests for prostate cancer is perfect. Many men with a mildly elevated PSA do not have prostate cancer, and men with prostate cancer may have normal levels of PSA. Also, the digital rectal exam does not detect all prostate cancers, as it can only assess the back portion of the prostate gland. |
924d373fc9b192a18a73b007033d2c0e | What medications are used to treat vertigo? | In some cases, medication may be given to relieve symptoms such as nausea or motion sickness associated with vertigo. If vertigo is caused by an infection or inflammation, antibiotics or steroids may reduce swelling and cure infection. For Meniere's disease, diuretics (water pills) may be prescribed to reduce pressure from fluid buildup. |
9f615da225227e957256c1dde9bbf623 | How do you know if your vertigo is caused by vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis? | This is an inner ear problem usually related to infection (usually viral). The infection causes inflammation in the inner ear around nerves that are important for helping the body sense balance Less often vertigo may be associated with: Head or neck injury Brain problems such as stroke or tumor Certain medications that cause ear damage Migraine headaches Vertigo is often triggered by a change in the position of your head. |
8c5c60bcd40df7d28f24dba06ea892ba | How is vertigo treated by canalith repositioning maneuvers? | Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology recommend a series of specific head and body movements for BPPV. The movements are done to move the calcium deposits out of the canal into an inner ear chamber so they can be absorbed by the body. You will likely have vertigo symptoms during the procedure as the canaliths move. A doctor or physical therapist can guide you through the movements. |
5d80518c3aa02240bc9fa11c28cae972 | How do you know if your vertigo is caused by Meniere's disease? | This is an inner ear disorder thought to be caused by a buildup of fluid and changing pressure in the ear. It can cause episodes of vertigo along with ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and hearing loss. |
ba22e0a845fa7dba78caa3921d1a50aa | What is vertigo associated with? | The infection causes inflammation in the inner ear around nerves that are important for helping the body sense balance Less often vertigo may be associated with: Head or neck injury Brain problems such as stroke or tumor Certain medications that cause ear damage Migraine headaches Vertigo is often triggered by a change in the position of your head. |
724e1b1b9f8a50fbc9d2f6abd86466f9 | How is surgery used to treat vertigo? | In a few cases, surgery may be needed for vertigo. If vertigo is caused by a more serious underlying problem, such as a tumor or injury to the brain or neck, treatment for those problems may help to alleviate the vertigo. |
2297bff91cdce0114a2edc771d99438d | How should I eat if I have dumping syndrome? | Here are some other ways to lessen symptoms of dumping syndrome: Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day. Keep portions small, such as 1 ounce of meat or 1/4 cup of vegetables. Cut food into very small pieces. Chew well before swallowing. Combine proteins or fats along with fruits or starches. ( For example, combine fruit with cottage cheese.) Stop eating when you first begin to feel full. Drink liquids 30 to 45 minutes after meals. Reclining after eating may help prevent light-headedness. |
a819d0937e65037f8e7b79c3895bce84 | What blood thinners are used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | Blood thinners include: Apixaban ( Eliquis) Betrixaban ( BEVYXXA) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Edoxaban ( Savaysa) Fondaparinux ( Arixtra) Heparin Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin) In the hospital, your doctor may give you heparin at first, by a needle into your vein or as a shot. |
78bb354a279b36cca3d593c90eed10ae | How effective Is clot-busting medicine for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | Your doctor may recommend a clot-busting medicine called a thrombolytic agent if you: Have large clots causing pain, swelling, and problems with circulation Are at high risk for a pulmonary embolism Have DVT in your arm, rather than your leg This procedure quickly breaks up a clot and restores blood flow. It may also save the valves in that vein. But it's riskier than taking blood thinners. You have a greater chance of bleeding problems and stroke. |
4773f55ba2cfc60bdc9de13ff762070c | When is surgery done for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | When taking blood thinners or clot-busting isn't possible or doesn't work well, your doctor may want to try a more involved procedure. |
a8b6a9b0b1172cfde2c69416ea0e5ad4 | How are blood thinners used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | These drugs, also called anticoagulants, are the most common treatment for DVT. They can keep a clot from growing or breaking off, and they prevent new clots from forming. But they can't thin your blood, despite their name, or dissolve an existing clot. |
253a16efc64b693c4fab97a3592db988 | How is dabigatran used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | Dabigatran is a pill that stops a specific protein that helps your blood clot from working. That's why it's called a direct thrombin inhibitor. |
16a477fa2ebc181c0bfb394c18f9bef8 | What will treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) do for you? | Treatment prevents future blood clots, too. They can keep a clot from growing or breaking off, and they prevent new clots from forming. Your doctor may recommend a clot-busting medicine called a thrombolytic agent if you: Have large clots causing pain, swelling, and problems with circulation Are at high risk for a pulmonary embolism Have DVT in your arm, rather than your leg This procedure quickly breaks up a clot and restores blood flow. In very rare cases, you may need to have a deep vein clot cut out. |
36ce4dcae2225299646b35585cdb69d6 | How do you know what treatment works best to treat your deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | What will treating DVT, a blood clot deep in a vein, do for you? But you may need surgery. Talk to your doctor about which medical treatment options are right for you. |
dc52eb350ff8b687a23bef6f23b8d4b5 | How does warfarin (Coumadin) treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | When you take heparin by IV, you'll need blood tests, too. While you take it, you'll need regular blood tests to make sure you've got the right amount in your system -- too little won't prevent clots, too much makes dangerous bleeding more likely. It can also interact with other medicines, vitamins, and foods with a lot of vitamin K, which is another good reason to get your blood checked often. Let your doctor know if you're pregnant, because warfarin can cause birth defects. You'll have to take something else. |
acd1f5acc3dc2fde328888dcb9345db8 | When is a venous thrombectomy used to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | What will treating DVT, a blood clot deep in a vein, do for you? Venous thrombectomy. A severe type of DVT, called phlegmasia cerulea dolens, doesn't respond well to other kinds of treatment. |
33fb1d20a9c1f19d02e77907ed4b316a | What are sources of insoluble fiber? | You find soluble fiber in foods such as: Oats Peas Beans Apples Citrus fruits Carrots Barley Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is found in things like: Whole-wheat flour Wheat bran Nuts Beans Cauliflower Green beans Potatoes Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help. Examples of supplements include psyllium, methylcellulose, wheat dextrin, and calcium polycarbophil. If you take a fiber supplement, increase the amount you take slowly to help prevent gas and cramping. It's also important to drink enough liquids when you increase your fiber intake. |
61f67ddc6240525ff0c86652de8ff9aa | How much water should you drink if you have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea? | As long as your doctor has not restricted your fluids, shoot for six to eight 8-ounce glasses of plain H2 O each day, but not always with meals. " Water just makes everything run through a little more rapidly," Bonci says. She suggests you drink it an hour before or an hour after meals. |
f01467820ccad9506322417173b1932d | Does how I eat affect my irritable bowel syndrome? | How you eat may also give you trouble. You might be bothered by foods with extreme temperatures, especially if you have them together, like ice-cold water with steaming hot soup. Many people get symptoms after large meals. Try to eat less at each meal, or have four or five small meals a day. Remember, your reactions to what you eat are unique, Bonci says. |
c33c56e651450fb3de2c50fb8aa9d7d7 | Which foods have insoluble fiber? | You find soluble fiber in foods such as: Oats Peas Beans Apples Citrus fruits Carrots Barley Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is found in things like: Whole-wheat flour Wheat bran Nuts Beans Cauliflower Green beans Potatoes Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help. |
faaeb15c83933b26608c7ac4da8fbe4d | If I have IBS, does it matter what I eat? | Smart eating habits can make your life a little easier when you have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, or IBS- D. And you don't have to completely give up any foods you like. " Moderation is important," says Leslie Bonci, MPH, RD, author of the American Dietetic Association ( ADA) Guide to Better Digestion. It's important to stick to a balanced diet when you have IBS. So never totally avoid certain groups of food, or you may be depriving yourself of nutrients you need. |
6327f2f6df0c52bd562d5ba769ea76ef | Should I eat less fiber if I have IBS-D? | Don't avoid fiber if you have diarrhea. It helps protect your body against heart disease, by lowering your LDL cholesterol, and certain cancers, so you need it. Simply eat more soluble fiber, rather than the insoluble kind, Bonci says. Soluble fiber stays in the gut longer, which helps the colon work normally. You find soluble fiber in foods such as: Oats Peas Beans Apples Citrus fruits Carrots Barley Insoluble fiber, on the other hand, is found in things like: Whole-wheat flour Wheat bran Nuts Beans Cauliflower Green beans Potatoes Although meeting your daily fiber needs is best accomplished by eating the right foods, taking a fiber supplement can also help. |
2bacd1fb93ac30a8e87a5501ebc500c5 | Should you avoid fiber if you have irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea? | Don't avoid fiber if you have diarrhea. It helps protect your body against heart disease, by lowering your LDL cholesterol, and certain cancers, so you need it. Simply eat more soluble fiber, rather than the insoluble kind, Bonci says. Soluble fiber stays in the gut longer, which helps the colon work normally. |
4826e3ee8885d13e978f34c4e9611808 | How much water should I drink each day to help my IBS? | Don't avoid fiber if you have diarrhea. As long as your doctor has not restricted your fluids, shoot for six to eight 8-ounce glasses of plain H2 O each day, but not always with meals. " She suggests you drink it an hour before or an hour after meals. |
fe0b0239dd0ac84d288f752112a331bb | What can help with your irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea? | So never totally avoid certain groups of food, or you may be depriving yourself of nutrients you need. Don't avoid fiber if you have diarrhea. |
960ec7621e0af9d49f8779851be99041 | How can I tell the difference between a cold and allergies? | They have different causes. You get a cold when a tiny living thing called a virus gets into your body. There are hundreds of different types that can get you sick. |
95c7376ebf47dfaef9cf4af1f72179db | What is the difference between the duration of a cold vs. allergies? | Characteristic Cold Allergy How Long It Lasts 3-14 days Days to months -- as long as you're in contact with the allergy trigger and a short time after When It Happens Most often in the winter, but possible at any time Any time of the year -- although the appearance of some allergy triggers is seasonal When It Starts Symptoms take a few days to appear after infection with the virus Symptoms can begin immediately after contact with allergy triggers Symptom Cold Allergy Cough Often Sometimes Aches Sometimes Never Fatigue Sometimes Sometimes Fever Rarely Never Itchy, watery eyes Rarely Often Sore throat Often Sometimes Runny or stuffy nose Often Often The most important difference is that colds usually don't last longer than 14 days. So see your doctor if you still have symptoms after 2 weeks. These may be allergy symptoms or signs of another problem. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.