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170df9b579940697d8ce8b57e5c29021 | When can the symptoms of transverse myelitis get worse? | The first symptoms are usually: Pain in your lower back Sharp pain that moves down your legs and arms or around your chest and belly Weakness or paralysis in your legs or arms Sensitivity to touch, to the point where slight fingertip pressure causes pain Numbness or a pins-and-needles feeling in your toes, feet, or legs Muscle spasms Fever Loss of appetite Bladder and bowel control issues Once they start, symptoms can get worse within hours. Most of the time, they peak within 10 days. At that point, about half the people who get transverse myelitis lose control of their legs. Most have some numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation in their back, belly, arms, or legs. Almost all lose some bladder control. How much of your body is affected depends on which part of your spinal cord has the problem. The higher it is, the more problems you'll have. |
27cb9fb730ff88f5be79fa21369d48e7 | What is the outlook on transverse myelitis? | About a third of people with transverse myelitis get better and don't have much permanent damage. They can walk normally and have only small lingering issues. Another third have problems walking. They also may have muscle spasms, a less sensitive sense of touch, or trouble controlling their bladder. Continue Reading Below The remaining third are no longer able to walk and need help with many everyday activities. Doctors don't know why transverse myelitis affects some people more than others. They do think that the faster your symptoms show up, the harder it may be for you to recover. Early treatment and physical therapy can help. |
274f41d64d358aaaae476a09c2b0d0f3 | How can steroids help with treating transverse myelitis? | Steroids: They'll ease inflammation in your spine. You might get pills or have it put directly into your veins. |
e42485ad4440cbc7c640a3a687c6156d | How can plasma exchange therapy help treat transverse myelitis? | Plasma exchange therapy: If steroids don't lower your inflammation, this treatment, also called plasmapheresis, might. The doctor will replace your blood plasma (the liquid part that holds the blood cells). This might get rid of something in it that's causing your immune system to attack your body and keep it from damaging other organs. |
e95daf230cea94a3b86af32d39cd987b | How does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnose transverse myelitis? | Your doctor will run tests to figure out if you have transverse myelitis or some other condition. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) or computerized tomography ( CT) scan: These tests created detailed images of your insides. They'll show the doctor if something else is affecting your nerves, like a tumor, a slipped disk, or narrowing of the channel that holds your spinal cord. |
4a153e29d0b37f10b8abacf60b1b4f24 | How does a spinal tap diagnose transverse myelitis? | Spinal tap: For this test, your doctor puts a needle in between two vertebrae (bones in your back) to take a sample of the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. If it has more disease-fighting white blood cells or certain proteins than it should, you might have an infection. |
ae74e239ab6d929de58fad83cd7e979e | How is surgery done for larger tumors of skin cancer? | Larger tumors, lesions in high-risk locations, recurrent tumors, and lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas are removed by a technique called Mohs micrographic surgery. For this technique, the surgeon carefully removes tissue, layer by layer, until cancer-free tissue is reached. |
3837ad029874c97b969b3a9333d388c0 | How is surgery done for small skin cancer lesions? | Small skin cancer lesions may be removed through a variety of techniques, including simple excision (cutting it away), electrodesiccation and curettage (scraping the tumor and then burning the tissue with an electric needle), and cryosurgery (freezing the area with liquid nitrogen). |
27d24523fe6fe3e3cbfd539f559408b4 | What is it like to live with skin cancer? | Living with skin cancer presents many new challenges for you and for your family and friends. You will probably have many worries about how the cancer will affect you and your ability to "live a normal life," that is, to care for your family and home, to hold your job, and to continue the friendships and activities you enjoy. Many people with a skin cancer diagnosis feel anxious and depressed. Some people feel angry and resentful; others feel helpless and defeated. For most people with skin cancer, talking about their feelings and concerns helps. Your friends and family members can be very supportive. They may be hesitant to offer support until they see how you are coping. Don't wait for them to bring it up. If you want to talk about your concerns, let them know. |
77d521f8608d0e838ebe98cdce931ab2 | What should you do after your advanced cancerous melanoma treatment? | If you have advanced malignant melanoma, your oncologist may want to see you every few months. These visits may include total body skin exams, regional lymph node checks, and periodic chest X-rays and body scans. Over time, the intervals between follow-up appointments will increase. Eventually these checks may be done only once a year. |
359c785defb5c53f4b36e43dfa296bc1 | What will your doctor talk about regarding skin cancer? | These conditions require the care of a dermatologist or specialist in skin cancers. |
e378c741ebfc6a1b193002d6f02b475f | What is it going to be like living with skin cancer? | You will probably have many worries about how the cancer will affect you and your ability to "live a normal life," that is, to care for your family and home, to hold your job, and to continue the friendships and activities you enjoy. Many people with a skin cancer diagnosis feel anxious and depressed. Some people feel angry and resentful; others feel helpless and defeated. For most people with skin cancer, talking about their feelings and concerns helps. Your friends and family members can be very supportive. They may be hesitant to offer support until they see how you are coping. Don't wait for them to bring it up. If you want to talk about your concerns, let them know. Some people don't want to "burden" their loved ones, or prefer talking about their concerns with a more neutral professional. A social worker, counselor, or member of the clergy can be helpful. Your dermatologist or oncologist should be able to recommend someone. |
3dbd8d1395a3971c1d087ff038299a06 | What are the symptoms of skin cancer? | Skin cancer symptoms depend on the type of skin cancer that has developed. |
fe2f4778d06961b52b9c8565b7b10f5a | How can you prevent skin cancer? | You can reduce your risk of getting skin cancer by following these guidelines: Limit sun exposure. Attempt to avoid the sun's intense rays between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Apply sunscreen every day. Use a sunscreen with sun protection factor ( SPF) of at least 30 both before and every 60 to 80 minutes during outdoor exposure. Select products that filter both UVA and UVB light. The label will tell you. If you are likely to sunburn, wear a long-sleeved shirt, pants and a wide-brimmed hat. Avoid artificial tanning booths. Conduct monthly self-exams. |
6121f5d1fbe20d556ab492da75e82e57 | How do you know if you have a cancerous melanoma related to skin cancer? | The majority of malignant or cancerous melanomas are brown-to-black pigmented lesions. Other signs of a cancerous melanoma include: A change in size, shape, color, or elevation of a mole The appearance of a new mole during adulthood, or new pain, itching, ulceration, or bleeding of an existing mole The following easy-to-remember guideline, " ABCDE," is useful for identifying malignant melanoma: Asymmetry -- One side of the lesion does not look like the other. |
48376e277998fce3abb752d48f5ddc27 | How can you tell if you have skin cancer? | Skin Self- Exams Monthly skin self-exams improve your chances of finding a skin cancer early, when it has done a minimum of damage to your skin and can be treated easily. Regular self-exams help you recognize any new or changing features. The best time to do a self-exam is right after a shower or bath. Do the self-exam in a bright room; use a full-length mirror and a hand-held mirror. Learn where your moles, birthmarks, and blemishes are, and what they look like. Each time you do a self-exam, check these areas for changes in size, texture, and color, and for ulceration. If you notice any changes, call your primary care provider or dermatologist. |
27cfee64d11f0d3da093d7f344c422df | How do you know if you have a malignant melanoma related to skin cancer? | Other signs of a cancerous melanoma include: A change in size, shape, color, or elevation of a mole The appearance of a new mole during adulthood, or new pain, itching, ulceration, or bleeding of an existing mole The following easy-to-remember guideline, " ABCDE," is useful for identifying malignant melanoma: Asymmetry -- One side of the lesion does not look like the other. Border irregularity -- Margins may be notched or irregular. Color -- Melanomas are often a mixture of black, tan, brown, blue, red, or white. Diameter -- Cancerous lesions can be larger than 6 mm across (about the size of a pencil eraser), although with early detection they will not reach this size. Evolution -- has a mole changed over time? |
2d91ef432f00653a40c57bb8f33f8888 | Where can you get more information on skin cancer? | The American Cancer Society also has information about support groups throughout the U. S. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Information Service ( CIS) Toll-free: (800) 4- CANCER (800) 422-6237 TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): (800) 332-8615 Skin Cancer Foundation 255 Lexington Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10016 (212)754-5176 www.skincancer.org For information about clinical trials in skin cancer treatment, visit the National Institute of Health's Clinical Trials database. |
90e32a75b79df856c103418b2b113285 | What should doctors check for when looking for skin cancer? | Have your primary health care provider or a dermatologist check any moles or spots that concern you. See your health care provider to check your skin if you notice any changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of pigmented areas (such as darker or a change in areas of skin or moles). |
d4d373c9b299129630583b234b73e4ed | What tests do you need if you have malignant melanoma? | If a biopsy shows that you have malignant melanoma, you may undergo further testing to determine the extent of spread of the disease, if any. This may involve blood tests, a chest X-ray, and other tests as needed. |
b993b2aa757f7c581e57dff16c3c7ae3 | What do you need to know about skin cancers? | Here are the basics on skin cancers: The vast majority of skin cancers are basal cell carcinomas and squamous cells carcinomas. While malignant, these are unlikely to spread to other parts of the body. They may be locally disfiguring if not treated early. A small but significant number of skin cancers are malignant melanomas. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that tends to spread to other parts of the body. These cancers may be fatal if not treated early. |
71cf417feec7331d7c34202eadde2c4f | How common is skin cancer? | Almost 91,300 people are expected to be diagnosed with melanoma in the U. S. in 2018, and an estimated 12,000 people will die from some form of skin cancer the same year. |
278014c76f7902fc95319a9bb35e02cb | What does a squamous cell carcinoma look like? | A squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is commonly a well-defined, red, scaling, thickened bump on sun-exposed skin. It may ulcerate and bleed, and left untreated, may develop into a large mass. |
e631e7d755009b1f329a58d829bafc6c | What happens after a biopsy shows you have a malignant melanoma? | If a biopsy shows that you have malignant melanoma, you may undergo further testing to determine the extent of spread of the disease, if any. This may involve blood tests, a chest X-ray, and other tests as needed. This is only needed if the melanoma is of a certain size. |
0f294b5913c250894e6077dd83fb41d6 | How can you identify a cancerous melanoma? | Other signs of a cancerous melanoma include: A change in size, shape, color, or elevation of a mole The appearance of a new mole during adulthood, or new pain, itching, ulceration, or bleeding of an existing mole The following easy-to-remember guideline, " ABCDE," is useful for identifying malignant melanoma: Asymmetry -- One side of the lesion does not look like the other. Border irregularity -- Margins may be notched or irregular. Color -- Melanomas are often a mixture of black, tan, brown, blue, red, or white. Diameter -- Cancerous lesions can be larger than 6 mm across (about the size of a pencil eraser), although with early detection they will not reach this size. Evolution -- has a mole changed over time? |
69c9776ebb132e42a322b953eb143930 | What is the outcome of malignant melanoma related to skin cancer? | In most cases, the outcome of malignant melanoma depends on the thickness of the tumor at the time of treatment. Thin lesions are almost always cured by simple surgery alone. Thicker tumors, which usually have been present for some time but have gone undetected, may spread to other organs. Surgery removes the tumor and any local spread, but it cannot remove distant metastasis. Other therapies, such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy, are used to treat the metastatic tumors. |
aeaae82c956d2779b1f2dd1ce60b8d22 | What are skin cancer web links? | The American Cancer Society also has information about support groups throughout the U. S. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Information Service ( CIS) Toll-free: (800) 4- CANCER (800) 422-6237 TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): (800) 332-8615 Skin Cancer Foundation 255 Lexington Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10016 (212)754-5176 www.skincancer.org For information about clinical trials in skin cancer treatment, visit the National Institute of Health's Clinical Trials database. For other valuable information, visit the following Web sites: American Academy of Dermatology American Cancer Society National Cancer Institute Media file 1: Skin cancer. |
44e0f2ccf8da209eaecdd67405b155aa | What do you need to know about cancer? | Here are the cancer basics: As the cells multiply, they form a mass called a tumor. Tumors are cancerous only if they are malignant. This means that they encroach on and invade neighboring tissues (especially lymph nodes) because of their uncontrolled growth. Tumors may also travel to remote organs via the bloodstream. This process of invading and spreading to other organs is called metastasis. Tumors overwhelm surrounding tissues by invading their space and taking the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive and function. |
6a40cbd93ab4afb586f8fd762fa25124 | What does medical treatment for skin cancer entail? | Surgical removal is the mainstay of skin cancer treatment for both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. |
78ed1e26e8c741f6015d0ffde4253e21 | What follow-up treatment do you need if you have advanced malignant melanoma? | If you have advanced malignant melanoma, your oncologist may want to see you every few months. These visits may include total body skin exams, regional lymph node checks, and periodic chest X-rays and body scans. Over time, the intervals between follow-up appointments will increase. Eventually these checks may be done only once a year. |
850d1b3015d754b0eadac4b529f6c599 | How can you treat advanced cases of melanoma? | In advanced cases of melanoma, immune therapies, vaccines, or chemotherapy may be used. These treatments are typically offered as clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies of new therapies to see if they can be tolerated and work better than existing therapies. |
a2ce169f5eb481401642a0bc52afe644 | How common is skin cancer in the United States? | Although the number of skin cancers in the U. S. continues to rise, more skin cancers are being caught earlier, when they are easier to treat. Thus, illness and death rates have decreased. |
6464c74c9053c8ea083e1eef055ad337 | What does a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) look like? | A basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) usually looks like a raised, smooth, pearly bump on the sun-exposed skin of the head, neck, or shoulders. Others signs include: Small blood vessels may be visible within the tumor. A central depression with crusting and bleeding (ulceration) frequently develops. A BCC often appears as a sore that does not heal. |
217ce4542d4fadeff89e8013df73db1d | How can I tell if I have the early stages of skin cancer? | Many people, especially those who have fair coloring or have had extensive sun exposure, periodically check their entire body for suspicious moles and lesions. Have your primary health care provider or a dermatologist check any moles or spots that concern you. See your health care provider to check your skin if you notice any changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of pigmented areas (such as darker or a change in areas of skin or moles). |
122e9e0d23195046470a6f7bc09575ed | Can skin cancer be cured? | Most skin cancer is cured surgically in the dermatologist's office. |
da5b02e8ca1b7133932e4649f0c0eb15 | What are examinations like for skin cancer? | If you think a mole or other skin lesion has turned into skin cancer, your primary care provider will probably refer you to a dermatologist. The dermatologist will examine any moles in question and, in many cases, the entire skin surface. Any lesions that are difficult to identify, or are thought to be skin cancer, may then be checked. |
c49950a422958cd54e8010de710929a9 | What does a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) look like? | A squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) is commonly a well-defined, red, scaling, thickened bump on sun-exposed skin. It may ulcerate and bleed, and left untreated, may develop into a large mass. |
b22cc8f2180c98ee7ea3d4df5406e1fd | What are other important causes of skin cancer? | Other important causes of skin cancer include the following: Use of tanning booths Immunosuppression, or impairment of the immune system, which protects the body from germs or substances that cause an allergic reaction Exposure to unusually high levels of radiation, such as from X-rays Contact with certain chemicals, such as arsenic (miners, sheep shearers, and farmers) and hydrocarbons in tar, oils, and soot (which may cause squamous cell carcinoma) The following people are at the greatest risk of skin cancer: People with fair skin, especially types that freckle, sunburn easily, or become painful in the sun People with light (blond or red) hair and blue or green eyes Those with certain genetic disorders that deplete skin pigment , such as albinism and xeroderma pigmentosum (a disease in which DNA repair mechanisms, especially in response to ultraviolet light, is impaired) People who have already been treated for skin cancer People with numerous moles, unusual moles, or large moles that were present at birth People with close family members who have developed skin cancer People who had at least one severe sunburn early in life People with burns unrelated to sunburn People with indoor occupations and outdoor recreational habits Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in older people. |
165cf93560c26974093f1bc39e05d1eb | What does advanced skin cancer treatment entail? | In advanced cases of melanoma, immune therapies, vaccines, or chemotherapy may be used. These treatments are typically offered as clinical trials. Clinical trials are studies of new therapies to see if they can be tolerated and work better than existing therapies. |
c4cb33ad4990f965950dd4eb8a933f82 | How is anti-thyroid medication used for hyperthyroidism? | After you start using anti-thyroid medications, your symptoms should begin to disappear in about 6-8 weeks. But you'll typically need to keep taking the medication for about a year. At that time, your doctor will check to see if you can stop. You'll need regular checkups once you're off the medicine to make sure your hormone levels stay balanced. |
26e22ac473448d316359e2ee9bcee7e2 | When do you need surgery to treat hyperthyroidism? | Doctors don't usually do surgery unless you're pregnant (and can't take anti-thyroid medicine) or have a large goiter or cancerous nodule. |
e0a63c1153b7755a69303166c37dedf5 | How is radioactive iodide treatment used for hyperthyroidism? | Thyroid hormone production can be slowed or stopped completely with: Radioactive iodide treatment Anti-thyroid medication Surgery If your doctor decides that radioactive treatment is best, you'll swallow a tablet or liquid with enough radioactive iodide to damage the cells of your thyroid gland so they can't make hormones. Sometimes you'll need more than one treatment to cut back hormone production to a normal level. |
710f959035ddedb89bc598e2ada8c599 | Which products should you avoid if you have thyroid problems? | Avoid these products: Pseudoephedrine (found in over-the-counter cold remedies) can cause nervousness, insomnia, headache, and high blood pressure. Alkaloids, including caffeine, morphine, and quinine, can raise your blood pressure and heart rate. |
c5084bc6940115c2a8546ea7bf496e29 | How do I know if I have ankylosing spondylitis? | There is no specific test to diagnose ankylosing spondylitis, but imaging by X-ray and MRI may show evidence of inflammation of the sacroiliac joint between the sacrum (the triangular bone at the lowest part of the back) and the ilium (the bone felt on the upper part of the hip). Some symptoms may include: Inflammatory back pain (gradual in onset, lasting over three months, with stiffness and pain that is worse in the morning and improved with movement) Reduced mobility of the spine Reduced ability to expand the chest Your doctor may order a number of different blood tests that can suggest ankylosing spondylitis. For example, if you have the disorder, you are likely to have an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (the rate at which red blood cells settle out of your blood) and increased levels of C-reactive protein (a protein that is usually not in blood at high levels but may be elevated in cases of inflammation). |
bc53890834a8fd680f36acf65e608896 | How can you clean a minor cut? | If it's a minor cut or scrape, here's what to do: Clean the Cut First wash your hands with soap and water. Then rinse the cut or scrape with cool water to remove dirt and debris. Hold the area under running water or pour clean water over it from a cup. Use soap to clean the wound. You don't need to use stronger cleaning solutions -- such as hydrogen peroxide, iodine, or rubbing alcohol -- to treat minor cuts and scrapes, as they may irritate the wound. Cool clean water should be fine for cleaning the wound. |
dc1e0b7132738d00381f28b92d7e13d1 | How should you cover a cut or scrape? | Cover the Cut or Scrape Once the bleeding has stopped and the wound is clean, you should cover it with a sterile bandage or gauze pad and tape. If the cut is small and is in an area that won't get dirty and be rubbed by your clothes, you may decide to leave it uncovered. But for most wounds, it's a good idea to cover them to help prevent infection or reopening the wound. Change the dressing or bandage every day or more often if it gets dirty. Antibiotic ointment can make infection less likely. Using a thin layer of antibiotic ointment before applying the bandage or gauze dressing will help keep cuts and scrapes clean and moist, and help curb scarring. |
c5354d0af0c587df1120c4cdb4706866 | How can you stop the bleeding of a minor cut or scrape? | Stop the Bleeding A small amount of blood can help clean out the wound. Smaller cuts and abrasions usually stop bleeding on their own. A cut to the head or hand may bleed more because those areas have a lot of blood vessels. To stop the bleeding, gently apply firm, direct pressure using a clean cloth or gauze. Continue to hold the pressure steadily. Don't raise the cloth or gauze to check on the wound, because that could cause the wound to start bleeding again. If blood seeps through the dressing, just put more on top and keep applying pressure. If the cut is on your hand or arm, you can help slow the bleeding by raising it above your head. If the cut spurts blood or if it doesn't stop bleeding, get medical help right away. |
9d735bacc338d9f6aa55c84291e42d52 | What are the signs of an infection in a cut or scrape? | Watch for Signs of Infection If the wound isn't healing or you notice any of these signs of infection, call your doctor right away: Redness, swelling, and warmth Increasing pain Pus or drainage from the cut Fever Red streaks around the wound When the Wound Starts to Heal Small cuts and scrapes will form a scab and heal within a few days. |
e3b0e48ed8eac6ea46ee6ba92e0ceae7 | When does a scrape or cut begin to heal? | Watch for Signs of Infection If the wound isn't healing or you notice any of these signs of infection, call your doctor right away: Redness, swelling, and warmth Increasing pain Pus or drainage from the cut Fever Red streaks around the wound When the Wound Starts to Heal Small cuts and scrapes will form a scab and heal within a few days. The scab helps protect the wound from dirt and germs while new skin grows underneath. Once a scab has formed, you may not need to use a bandage anymore. Although a healing wound or scab will itch, it's best not to scratch or pick at scabs. The scab will fall off on its own without your help, revealing the new skin underneath. |
a277f87fd61e5fa4ad3561c663e6b4b2 | When should you call the doctor about minor cuts or scrapes? | When to Call the Doctor Most minor cuts and abrasions don't need a doctor's care. But call your doctor if: The wound is on your face. The edges of the cut are jagged or gape open, the cut is deep (1/4 inch or more), or you can see fat or muscle. These are signs that you may need stitches. You can't get all of the dirt or debris out of the wound, or the wound was caused by something very dirty or rusty. You have a puncture wound or a cut and haven't had a tetanus shot in the past 5 years. The wound is from an animal or human bite. The injured area feels numb. |
b1ca2892c6e34c8bc95ecee56898179f | What should you ask your doctor about a sprain or strain? | Make sure you have answers to these questions: What is my injury? What's OK for me to do? What activities should I avoid? What can I safely take for pain and how often? How long will my recovery take? What can I expect during that time? When is it safe to return to full activity? When do I need to get my injury re-evaluated? |
afc36b7e59c5021330b1ec315c6e3c15 | What are the different grades of a sprain? | If you have a sprain, your doctor may mention its âgradeâ: Grade I is stretching of the ligament or a very mild tear, with little or no instability at the joint. Grade II is a more serious but still incomplete tear, with some looseness in the joint. Grade III is a completely torn or ruptured ligament. This is not a broken bone, but can feel like one since it's often impossible to put weight on the joint or use the affected limb because the joint isn't stable. |
34f3296f7678e6eec6213abb3b6ffd44 | How long does it take to recover from a sprain or strain? | The time frame for recovery depends on the severity of the injury and can vary from person to person. It may take just a few days for a slight sprain of an ankle to heal, or it may take months for a knee that needs surgery to reconstruct it. For most mild to moderate sprains and strains, you can expect to regain full mobility within 3 to 8 weeks. More severe injuries can take months for a full recovery. |
28d23ca393e486ce28eae5683adc3a33 | Who's most likely to get strains? | Athletes in contact sports, like football, hockey, and boxing, have the biggest chance of strains. Even in noncontact sports like tennis, golf, or rowing, doing the same motions over and over can lead to strains of the hand and forearm. |
4f7acf096a5a00b5754a70183894b797 | How can osteoarthritis cause pain in your knees and hips? | Osteoarthritis often attacks these joints, along with your hands and spine. Your shoulder, elbow, wrist, and ankle can also get arthritis, but this is less common. |
236456c03b361c7c59ff6581a567cbcf | How can osteoarthritis cause noises? | You may hear a crunching sound from pieces of bone rubbing on each other. |
dc5892c6a100975188bb6e54a56cd9fe | Is vasculitis serious? | Vasculitis can be very serious. In an extreme situation, when a segment of a blood vessel becomes weakened, it may then stretch and bulge (called an aneurysm). The wall of the blood vessel can become so weak that it ruptures and bleeds, possibly causing death. Fortunately, this is a very rare event. If a blood vessel becomes inflamed and narrowed, the blood supply to the area of the body it serves may be partially or completely blocked. If alternate blood vessels (called collateral blood vessels) are not available in sufficient quantity to carry the blood to such sites, the tissue supplied by the affected vessels will die. Because vasculitis can occur in any part of the body, any tissue or organ can be affected. |
0b24fe973030d2845c74aacbd2832d5c | What is the treatment for vasculitis? | Treatment of vasculitis depends entirely upon diagnosis and the affected organs. When vasculitis is the result of an allergic reaction, it may go away on its own and not require treatment. In other instances, when critical organs such as the lungs, brain, or kidneys are involved, aggressive and timely treatment is necessary. |
53d303c774c3c727967be16d72b822ec | How serious is vasculitis? | Vasculitis can be very serious. In an extreme situation, when a segment of a blood vessel becomes weakened, it may then stretch and bulge (called an aneurysm). The wall of the blood vessel can become so weak that it ruptures and bleeds, possibly causing death. Fortunately, this is a very rare event. If a blood vessel becomes inflamed and narrowed, the blood supply to the area of the body it serves may be partially or completely blocked. If alternate blood vessels (called collateral blood vessels) are not available in sufficient quantity to carry the blood to such sites, the tissue supplied by the affected vessels will die. Because vasculitis can occur in any part of the body, any tissue or organ can be affected. |
41c9c479a9711b828a23d949ab85f97c | What are the different types of vasculitis? | Some of the many forms of vasculitis may be restricted to particular organs. Examples include vasculitis that affects only the skin, eye, brain, or certain internal organs. There are also types of vasculitis that may affect many organ systems at the same time. Some of these generalized forms may be quite mild and may not require treatment. Others may be severe, affecting critical organs. |
0494046c83a873900cf8f405cdef295f | What are the different forms of vasculitis? | Some of the many forms of vasculitis may be restricted to particular organs. Examples include vasculitis that affects only the skin, eye, brain, or certain internal organs. There are also types of vasculitis that may affect many organ systems at the same time. Some of these generalized forms may be quite mild and may not require treatment. Others may be severe, affecting critical organs. |
b46c87ae7b4f82f034f51fec0f96e144 | What causes vasculitis? | In many cases, the cause of vasculitis is unknown. In a few cases, however, the origins may be traced to recent or ongoing infections, such as those caused by certain viruses. Occasionally, an allergic reaction to a medication may trigger vasculitis. |
b0134e94d2252ad3cb7261fd5fb2de2d | Are corticosteroids used to treat vasculitis? | Treatment generally consists of corticosteroid medications, or simply "steroids." Chemotherapy drugs (such as those used to treat cancer) are also used, but in doses usually lower than people with cancer may receive. The goal of this type of therapy is to suppress the abnormal immune response that has led to blood vessel damage. Other medications may include methotrexate or cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxin) and a biologic drug called tocilizumab ( Actemra). Tocilizumab is given as an injection under the skin to lower the dose of steroids that a person needs. This medicine may be used along with steroids. |
cdbf8e71f59fd8440365f86cb996e7ce | What people does vasculitis affect? | There are also types of vasculitis that may affect many organ systems at the same time. |
daa86e86a795c13abd78d6c7b2834dbf | What does treatment of vasculitis consist of? | Treatment generally consists of corticosteroid medications, or simply "steroids." Chemotherapy drugs (such as those used to treat cancer) are also used, but in doses usually lower than people with cancer may receive. The goal of this type of therapy is to suppress the abnormal immune response that has led to blood vessel damage. Other medications may include methotrexate or cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxin) and a biologic drug called tocilizumab ( Actemra). Tocilizumab is given as an injection under the skin to lower the dose of steroids that a person needs. This medicine may be used along with steroids. |
83e6c7d856c17e468437208e66d2aff7 | How can I reduce the side effects of stimulant therapy for ADHD? | Clonidine and guanfacine can help reduce some of the side effects of stimulant therapy, especially sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. However, combining stimulants with one of these drugs is controversial, because there have been some deaths in children taking both stimulants and Catapres (a patch form of clonidine). It is not known whether these deaths were due to the combination of drugs, but caution should be exercised whenever such combinations are used. |
8ee3b9fcc315b83cb28061af241dfbf9 | What are the advantages of non-stimulant drugs over stimulant medications for ADHD? | Nonstimulants don't tend to cause agitation, sleeplessness, or lack of appetite. They also don't pose the same risk of abuse or addiction. Plus, they have a longer-lasting and smoother effect than many stimulants, which can take effect and wear off abruptly. |
1f5621d7db0e3d7cb930a5f3d3a153e7 | What ADHD-specific nonstimulants are used for treating ADHD? | Atomoxetine ( Strattera) is OK for children, teens, and adults. It seems to boost the amount of an important brain chemical called norepinephrine. This appears to increase a person's attention span and lessen their impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Clonidine ER ( Kapvay) and Guanfacine ER ( Intuniv) are approved for children ages 6 to 17. Doctors also prescribe them to adults. These two drugs have an effect on certain areas in the brain. Studies show they lower distractibility and improve attention, working memory, and impulse control. |
226e21476daa3482a94d89e0c25c8011 | What are the side effects of antidepressants for ADHD? | The most common side effects of tricyclics include: Stomach upset Constipation Dry mouth Blurred vision Drowsiness Low blood pressure Weight gain Tremors Sweating Trouble peeing An overdose can be deadly. |
5ab05e1a296eba9462205d3ca07ec51e | Is venlafaxine used to treat ADHD? | Venlafaxine ( Effexor and Effexor XR) is a newer antidepressant that boosts the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. It helps improve mood and concentration. It's not often used to treat ADHD, though. |
8f55accb14e52f3c8932e59903a40e3a | What are some tips to keep in mind when taking antidepressants for ADHD? | When taking one of these meds, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Take or plan to take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or nonprescription medications Have any medical problems now or have had any in the past including high blood pressure, seizures, heart disease and urinary problems Have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency, or if you have had mental health problems, including depression, manic depression, or psychosis Get any depressive symptoms or feelings that you might harm yourself Start to have irregular heartbeats (heart palpitations) or fainting spells Keep these tips in mind if you take antidepressants or give them to your child: Always give the medication exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor with any problems or questions. Antidepressants usually take at least 2 to 4 weeks before you start to notice if they're working. Be patient, and don't give up before giving them a chance to work. Your doctor will probably want to start your medication at a low dose and raise it slowly over time until your symptoms are under control. It's best not to miss doses. You take most once or twice a day. If you miss a day or two of venlafaxine ( Effexor), it can cause an unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Tell your doctor if you notice any new or unusual side effects. |
608c4e6b6a092804231801a6740fe242 | How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work to treat ADHD? | But they're rarely used because they sometimes have dangerous side effects and can cause serious problems when you take them with foods and other medications. They may help people if no other medications have worked. Examples include phenelzine ( Nardil) or tranylcypromine ( Parnate). |
ab81709247d62f44cb32b365df65cc4d | Who should not take antidepressants for ADHD? | Don't take them if you: Have a history or a tendency toward manic behavior or manic depression (bipolar disorder). Have taken a MAO inhibitor antidepressant, such as phenelzine ( Nardil) or tranylcypromine ( Parnate), within the last 14 days. Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) can't be taken if you have any history of seizures or epilepsy. Talk about the pros and cons of antidepressants with your doctor to figure out if they might be right for you. |
c3228d71ac5e8fbc51f585a3b000c7ae | Can I use anti-depressants to treat ADHD? | Several types of these can treat the disorder, too. They're sometimes the treatment of choice for children or adults who have ADHD and depression. |
680a6debe6e09fcebf12cd821b39666c | What are the side effects of atomoxetine (Strattera) for the treatment of ADHD? | Atomoxetine might cause: Upset stomach Less appetite, which may cause weight loss Nausea Dizziness Fatigue Mood swings Other less-common risks include: Jaundice and liver problems. Call your doctor right away if you get yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. Suicidal thinking. There's a possibility that atomoxetine, like many antidepressant drugs, may slightly raise the risk of these thoughts in kids, teenagers, and young adults. Erections that last more than 4 hours. Serious allergic reactions. Some people get rashes, hives, or swelling, although this is rare. |
8619a9aa38ceef92c0566903c6f6dac7 | How does venlafaxine (Effexor and Effexor XR) work to treat ADHD? | Venlafaxine ( Effexor and Effexor XR) is a newer antidepressant that boosts the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. It helps improve mood and concentration. It's not often used to treat ADHD, though. |
4b781a3cee348ff353ecf192c3ed1359 | What are the side effects of taking high blood pressure drugs to treat ADHD? | The most common ones include: Drowsiness Lowered blood pressure Headache Dizziness Rarely, the drugs can cause irregular heartbeats. |
086e21b520bc8358278999967161508d | Who shouldn't take anti-depressants to treat ADHD? | Don't take them if you: Have a history or a tendency toward manic behavior or manic depression (bipolar disorder). Have taken a MAO inhibitor antidepressant, such as phenelzine ( Nardil) or tranylcypromine ( Parnate), within the last 14 days. Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) can't be taken if you have any history of seizures or epilepsy. Talk about the pros and cons of antidepressants with your doctor to figure out if they might be right for you. |
d4497af74ad55cc59f1e6cedbe36ea13 | What should I tell my doctor before taking anti-depressants for ADHD? | When taking one of these meds, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Take or plan to take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or nonprescription medications Have any medical problems now or have had any in the past including high blood pressure, seizures, heart disease and urinary problems Have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency, or if you have had mental health problems, including depression, manic depression, or psychosis Get any depressive symptoms or feelings that you might harm yourself Start to have irregular heartbeats (heart palpitations) or fainting spells Keep these tips in mind if you take antidepressants or give them to your child: Always give the medication exactly as prescribed. |
7fae8284e7137eef279a1e03c3165308 | What should you tell your doctor before taking blood pressure drugs to treat ADHD? | When taking one of these meds for your ADHD, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Are taking or plan to take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or nonprescription medications Have any medical problems now or in the past, including low blood pressure, seizures, heart rhythm disturbances, and urinary problems Start having irregular heartbeats (heart palpitations) or fainting spells Also, keep these guidelines in mind: Always take or give the medication exactly as prescribed. |
28044911eafc8302c27614d14ec217a1 | What should I tell my doctor before taking high blood pressure drugs to treat ADHD? | When taking one of these meds for your ADHD, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Are taking or plan to take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or nonprescription medications Have any medical problems now or in the past, including low blood pressure, seizures, heart rhythm disturbances, and urinary problems Start having irregular heartbeats (heart palpitations) or fainting spells Also, keep these guidelines in mind: Always take or give the medication exactly as prescribed. |
efbff9943f60b64b1dca7808f41e0591 | What should I tell my doctor before taking non-stimulants for ADHD? | You should probably not take guanfacine ( Intuniv) if you: Have an allergy to any of the ingredients in it Take other products containing guanfacine, like the blood pressure medicine guanfacine hcl ( Tenex) Before you take this type of medicine, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Take any prescription medications for other conditions, like blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, sedatives, or antipsychotics Take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or over-the-counter medications Have any medical problems, including high or low blood pressure, seizures, heart disease, glaucoma, mental health issues, liver disease or jaundice, or kidney problems Have had an allergic reaction to any medications Have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency Become agitated or irritable, or have suicidal thoughts If you and your doctor decide nonstimulants are right for you, take your medicine exactly as prescribed. |
cf37fac7437cd9cf71e134a55eeb4450 | What should you tell your doctor before taking nonstimulant and other drugs for ADHD? | When taking one of these meds, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Take or plan to take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or nonprescription medications Have any medical problems now or have had any in the past including high blood pressure, seizures, heart disease and urinary problems Have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency, or if you have had mental health problems, including depression, manic depression, or psychosis Get any depressive symptoms or feelings that you might harm yourself Start to have irregular heartbeats (heart palpitations) or fainting spells Keep these tips in mind if you take antidepressants or give them to your child: Always give the medication exactly as prescribed. |
d5fc5c1c4ff41d7ed76fe90e1f61e39b | What should you tell your doctor before you take antidepressants for ADHD? | You should probably not take guanfacine ( Intuniv) if you: Have an allergy to any of the ingredients in it Take other products containing guanfacine, like the blood pressure medicine guanfacine hcl ( Tenex) Before you take this type of medicine, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Take any prescription medications for other conditions, like blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, sedatives, or antipsychotics Take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or over-the-counter medications Have any medical problems, including high or low blood pressure, seizures, heart disease, glaucoma, mental health issues, liver disease or jaundice, or kidney problems Have had an allergic reaction to any medications Have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency Become agitated or irritable, or have suicidal thoughts If you and your doctor decide nonstimulants are right for you, take your medicine exactly as prescribed. |
ef00cc4860a1852c5510e6fbb6d2b43f | What are the side effects of taking bupropion to treat ADHD? | Bupropion ( Wellbutrin) can't be taken if you have any history of seizures or epilepsy. |
c2b26fcf9bf80f9ca5cbdd32fe8d9547 | Who shouldn't take high blood pressure drugs to treat ADHD? | They might not be a good fit if you have a history of low blood pressure or if you or a family member has had a heart problem. |
a0fbe58ae14e186776d456992ef430be | Who should not take blood pressure drugs to treat ADHD? | They might not be a good fit if you have a history of low blood pressure or if you or a family member has had a heart problem. |
5ac6cb9b0a9e0d9de3518b32baced331 | What are the guidelines for using blood pressure drugs to treat ADHD? | When taking one of these meds for your ADHD, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Are taking or plan to take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or nonprescription medications Have any medical problems now or in the past, including low blood pressure, seizures, heart rhythm disturbances, and urinary problems Start having irregular heartbeats (heart palpitations) or fainting spells Also, keep these guidelines in mind: Always take or give the medication exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor about any problems or questions. It's best not to miss doses or patches, since this may cause the blood pressure to rise quickly, which may cause headaches and other symptoms. Your doctor will probably want to start the medication at a low dose and increase it gradually until your symptoms are under control. For very young children, clonidine tablets can be changed into a liquid by a compounding pharmacy. This will make it easier for them to take. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with food if you have to. Do not stop taking clonidine or guanfacine suddenly. This can cause an increase in blood pressure. These medications must be tapered off gradually. |
1124d8db77991d9799bc97ae0c9c5522 | What is the effect of high blood pressure drugs for ADHD? | Experts aren't sure, but it's clear that they have a calming effect on certain areas of the brain. |
3c216c0d8af4bbb4f646411a9cb3167a | What are the side effects of tricyclics for the treatment of ADHD? | Tricyclics have the potential to cause certain heart defects, too. You may need ECG tests at a doctor's office to look for these problems. |
cbf6e09b60e63977c1cec7ccd90e5d65 | What are the side effects of taking MAO inhibitors to treat ADHD? | MAO inhibitors can cause a wide variety of side effects, including dangerously increased blood pressure when combined with certain foods or medications. |
c76ef6aa918de310d0457961d3383bd8 | Are blood pressure drugs normally used to treat ADHD? | Some drugs normally taken for high blood pressure, like clonidine ( Kavpay) and guanfacine hcl ( Tenex), may help control symptoms of the disorder. They also can help lower some of the side effects of stimulant meds, especially sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They can be used alone or along with stimulants. |
03bc46853d03afceea261f1166183fc8 | Is it safe to take blood pressure drugs with stimulants to treat ADHD? | Some children taking both stimulants and clonidine hcl have died. It's unclear whether their deaths were due to the combination of drugs. If you take them together, your doctor should watch you closely to help lower your risk of problems. They can screen you for heart rhythm irregularities, check your blood pressure often, and do electrocardiograms or a pre-existing heart conditions. If your doctor thinks that taking these two medications has more possible benefits than risks, it may be a good option for you. |
55e91046d5826912e673a3b679142712 | What can I do to make sure my non-stimulant ADHD drugs work? | You should probably not take guanfacine ( Intuniv) if you: Have an allergy to any of the ingredients in it Take other products containing guanfacine, like the blood pressure medicine guanfacine hcl ( Tenex) Before you take this type of medicine, be sure to tell your doctor if you: Are nursing, pregnant, or plan to become pregnant Take any prescription medications for other conditions, like blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, sedatives, or antipsychotics Take any dietary supplements, herbal medicines, or over-the-counter medications Have any medical problems, including high or low blood pressure, seizures, heart disease, glaucoma, mental health issues, liver disease or jaundice, or kidney problems Have had an allergic reaction to any medications Have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependency Become agitated or irritable, or have suicidal thoughts If you and your doctor decide nonstimulants are right for you, take your medicine exactly as prescribed. Your doctor may order some lab tests once in a while to make sure the drug is working well and not causing you any problems. |
3c32619e113670361cd8baaa54b52da0 | How do antidepressant drugs treat ADHD? | Several types of these can treat the disorder, too. They're sometimes the treatment of choice for children or adults who have ADHD and depression. Antidepressants seem to improve attention span, impulse control, hyperactivity, and aggressiveness. Children and teens who take them are often more willing to take direction and are less disruptive. But these drugs generally don't work as well as stimulants or nonstimulants to improve attention span and concentration. Antidepressants have the advantage of a low potential for abuse, and there is no evidence that they suppress growth or contribute to significant weight loss. Most of them work by boosting the levels of brain messenger-chemicals (neurotransmitters), such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. |
ce8c4082fadbc1a3b57a8bb3c0e36ddb | What are the side effects of taking tricyclic anti-depressants to treat ADHD? | The most common side effects of tricyclics include: Stomach upset Constipation Dry mouth Blurred vision Drowsiness Low blood pressure Weight gain Tremors Sweating Trouble peeing An overdose can be deadly. Tricyclics have the potential to cause certain heart defects, too. |
c58a99e13f05ea14d4953157865e6a7d | What are the side effects of taking venlafaxine to treat ADHD? | But they can cause some unpleasant side effects, like dry mouth, constipation, or urinary problems. |
f9adcdf06d5ae338ce715be4ca6b7d5e | What are the side effects of venlafaxine (Effexor) for the treatment of ADHD? | But they can cause some unpleasant side effects, like dry mouth, constipation, or urinary problems. |
36865ff1a0af3555d22cd31b9d8e94a4 | What are the advantages of nonstimulants over stimulants for the treatment of ADHD? | Nonstimulants don't tend to cause agitation, sleeplessness, or lack of appetite. They also don't pose the same risk of abuse or addiction. Plus, they have a longer-lasting and smoother effect than many stimulants, which can take effect and wear off abruptly. |
31cf7dfca1f05e8ad5d07f5459e679da | What are the side effects of clonidine (Kapvay) for the treatment of ADHD? | Clonidine ( Kapvay) and Guanfacine ( Intuniv) side effects include: Sleepiness, fatigue, sedation Headache Dizziness Since it can cause drowsiness, make sure you know how it affects you before you drive or use heavy machinery. Rarer and more serious side effects include: Low blood pressure Heart rhythm changes Talk to your doctor about your medical history and go over all the risks. |
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