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d378cafb01f8a3cd57da826e3e346371 | What damages a tooth's nerve and pulp in the first place? | A tooth's nerve and pulp can become irritated, inflamed, and infected due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on a tooth, and/or large fillings, a crack or chip in the tooth, or trauma to the face. |
ed85203c0c03fc682152a95e56f5071d | What is a root canal? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A root canal is a treatment used to repair and save a tooth that is badly decayed or becomes infected. During a root canal procedure, the nerve and pulp are removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned and sealed. Without treatment, the tissue surrounding the tooth will become infected and abscesses may form. " Root canal" is the term used to describe the natural cavity within the center of the tooth. The pulp or pulp chamber is the soft area within the root canal. The tooth's nerve lies within the root canal. |
ff3749fab76def5222329c497565bbc4 | What is the cost of a root canal? | A ballpark estimate for the root canal treatment itself (not including a dental restoration following the procedure) performed by a general dentist could range from $500 to $1,000 for an incisor and $800 to $1,500 for a molar. The fees charged by endodontists could be up to 50% higher. |
09e1967015c8dd0d456a29996a52d7ce | What findings point to further tests in a physical exam and history for Crohn's disease? | You'll probably go through a combination of exams, lab tests, and imaging studies with these goals in mind: Rule out other health problems Make a clear diagnosis of Crohn's disease Find out exactly which part of the digestive tract is affected Your doctor will begin by gathering information about your health and your family health history. She'll do a physical exam and look for symptoms of Crohn's that usually include: Belly pain and cramps Blood in your poop Diarrhea Drainage from a painful sore near your anus Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Mouth sores Urgent bowel movements Weight loss Your doctor may request lab tests in order to look for problems that might be linked to Crohn's disease. |
4ae65cfe0a5a8f8a453a5fe54d4be873 | How are lab tests used to diagnose Crohn's disease? | She'll do a physical exam and look for symptoms of Crohn's that usually include: Belly pain and cramps Blood in your poop Diarrhea Drainage from a painful sore near your anus Fatigue Fever Lack of appetite Mouth sores Urgent bowel movements Weight loss Your doctor may request lab tests in order to look for problems that might be linked to Crohn's disease. These tests check for signs of infection, inflammation, internal bleeding, and low levels of substances such as iron, protein, or minerals. |
535c001b9213e1162f1aa4bd461acec5 | How is barium given in the diagnosis for Crohn's disease? | When barium fluid is given by mouth, it is called an upper GI series. When barium fluid is placed in the rectum, it is called a barium enema. The barium fluid flows through your intestines and looks white on X-ray film. This makes it easier to view problem areas. With a barium X-ray, your doctor may be able to see ulcers, narrowed areas of the intestine, abnormal connections between organs, known as fistulae, or other problems. |
c0e19ac45ea51c4ce6801c7454c6bd3c | How do you know if you have Crohn's disease? | There isn't any single test that can diagnose Crohn's disease. This condition has many symptoms that are the same as those for other health problems. To make a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, your doctor is likely to gather information from multiple sources. |
5e91f8de20f342f177704c472575c6cb | What imaging studies are used to diagnose Crohn's disease? | If barium X-rays show some sign of disease, your doctor may request other X-rays or imaging studies. |
6cb95826bdac2ffe602d7ab4a5f9c8ee | How can imaging studies help with diagnosing Crohn's disease? | Crohn's disease may appear anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. X-rays and other images can help identify the severity and location of Crohn's disease. |
45ca49efe5be477f6d705aeb182fa976 | How does a video capsule endoscopy help with diagnosing Crohn's disease? | Video capsule endoscopy: For video capsule endoscopy, you swallow a small capsule or pill that holds a miniature video camera. As it travels through your small intestine, it sends images of the lining to a receiver you wear on a belt around your waist. The doctor downloads the images and reviews them on a computer. They can provide detailed information about early, mild problems associated with Crohn's disease. This technique may be especially helpful if you have symptoms of Crohn's disease that can't be seen by other small bowel tests. |
6c5cc4e61387311d15d41d29079509a5 | When do you need other tests after your barium X-ray for Crohn's disease? | If barium X-rays show some sign of disease, your doctor may request other X-rays or imaging studies. These X-rays can help identify exactly how much of your digestive tract is affected by Crohn's disease. |
434c91656d75ad1062bd8e8e8f5bcc82 | What two parts are in a pacemaker? | The pacemaker has two parts: the leads and a pulse generator. The pulse generator houses the battery and a tiny computer, and resides just under the skin of the chest. The leads are wires that are threaded through the veins into the heart and implanted into the heart muscle. They send impulses from the pulse generator to the heart muscle, as well as sense the heart's electrical activity. Each impulse causes the heart to contract. The pacemaker may have one to three leads, depending on the type of pacemaker needed to treat your heart problem. |
9c3f9436f0eb852b00bd60b4687b5a15 | What will the temporary ID card of your pacemaker tell you? | Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage, bleeding, or oozing from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the site Warmth along the site Increased body temperature (fever or chills) Your pacemaker settings will be checked before you leave the hospital. You will receive a temporary ID card that tells you: The type of pacemaker and leads you have. The date of the pacemaker implant. The name of the doctor who implanted the pacemaker. Within three months, you will receive a permanent card from the pacemaker company. Carry this card with you at all times in case you need medical attention at another hospital. |
660c4c3fd6185065c657cd94838f9e64 | What are the different types of pacemakers? | There are different types of pacemakers: Single-chamber pacemakers use one lead in the upper chamber (atria) or lower chamber (ventricles) of the right side of the heart. Dual-chamber pacemakers use one lead in the right atrium and one lead in the right ventricle of your heart. Biventricular pacemakers use three leads: one placed in the right atrium, one placed in the right ventricle, and one placed in the left ventricle (via the coronary sinus vein). |
595d4398c663a7d2ba4825997bf8566f | What should I do after the pacemaker procedure? | Do not lift objects that weigh more than 10 pounds. Do not hold your arm above shoulder level for three weeks. Avoid activities that require pushing or pulling heavy objects, such as shoveling the snow or mowing the lawn. Stop any activity before you become overtired. Avoid golfing, tennis, and swimming for 6 weeks after the procedure. Try to walk as much as possible for exercise. Ask your doctor when you can resume more strenuous activities. Your doctor will tell you when you can go back to work, usually within a week after you go home. If you have the flexibility at your job, ease back to your regular works schedule. |
af7dbf92046239c1ff39e0688bcd4426 | What happens after the pacemaker procedure? | You may be admitted to the hospital overnight. The nurses will monitor your heart rate and rhythm. |
97d42363e47c44ee2977775763a7a4e3 | How long will my pacemaker last? | Pacemakers may last five to 10 years and sometimes longer, depending on how often they are used. When the battery becomes low, it will need to be changed. |
dee3dd6cd7312f779e1aa301c6b98068 | What happens during the pacemaker procedure? | The endocardial pacemaker implant takes about one to five hours to perform. You will lie on a bed and the nurse will start an intravenous line ( IV) into your arm or hand. This is so you may receive medications and fluids during the procedure. You will be given a medication through your IV to relax you and make you drowsy, but it will not put you to sleep. The nurse will connect you to several monitors. The monitors allow the doctor and nurse to check your heart rhythm, blood pressure, and other measurements during the pacemaker implant. Your left or right side of your chest will be shaved and cleansed with a special soap. Sterile drapes are used to cover you from your neck to your feet. A strap will be placed across your waist and arms to prevent your hands from coming in contact with the sterile field. The doctor will numb your skin by injecting a local numbing medication. You will feel a pinching or burning feeling at first. Then, it will become numb. Once this occurs, an incision will be made to insert the pacemaker and leads. You may feel a pulling as the doctor makes a pocket in the tissue under your skin for the pacemaker. You should not feel pain. If you do, tell your nurse. After the pocket is made, the doctor will insert the leads into a vein and guide them into position using the X-ray machine. After the leads are in place, their function is tested to make sure they can increase your heart rate. This is called "pacing" and involves delivering small amounts of energy through the leads into the heart muscle. This causes the heart to contract. When your heart rate increases, you may feel your heart is racing or beating faster. It is very important to tell your doctor or nurse any symptoms you feel. Any pain should be reported immediately. After the leads are tested the doctor will connect them to your pacemaker. Your doctor will determine the rate of your pacemaker and other settings. The final pacemaker settings are done after the implant using a special device called a programmer. |
a4fbc86b2a40d524f3cc36d14ada9b3d | How often will I need to see my doctor? | A complete pacemaker check should be done six weeks after your pacemaker is implanted. This follow-up appointment is critical, because adjustments will be made that will prolong the life of your pacemaker. Then your pacemaker should be checked every three months on the telephone to evaluate battery function. Your nurse will explain how to check your pacemaker using the telephone transmitter. Once or twice a year you will need a more complete exam. If you have a biventricular pacemaker, you may need to visit the doctor's office or hospital more frequently to make sure your device is working properly and the settings do not need to be adjusted. |
46dc02b2b11b10af081a1cf21b6913e1 | Should I avoid certain electrical devices with a pacemaker? | Electric blankets, heating pads, and microwave ovens can be used and will not interfere with the function of your pacemaker. Cell phones should not be placed directly against the chest or on the same side as your pacemaker. You will need to avoid strong electric or magnetic fields, such as some industrial equipment; ham radios; high intensity radio waves (found near large electrical generators, power plants, or radiofrequency transmission towers); and arc resistance welders. Do not undergo any tests that require magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). When going through airport security, show your pacemaker card without going through the screening machine because the pacemaker will set off the security alarms. Your doctor or nurse can provide more information about what types of equipment may interfere with your pacemaker. If you have concerns about your job or activities, ask your doctor. |
3140b58d41394fb40c383bcd98d9f2e0 | What is pacemaker? | The normal, healthy heart has its own pacemaker that regulates the rate that the heart beats. However, some hearts don't beat regularly. A pacemaker can sometimes correct the problem. A pacemaker is a small device that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate and rhythm. A pacemaker may also be used to treat fainting spells (syncope), congestive heart failure, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pacemakers are implanted just under the skin of the chest during a minor surgical procedure. |
2d3b2659ed8bb6a77fb2eb0c1cb02665 | What is remission in migraines? | If you have them at least 15 days a month, you have chronic migraine. If you have fewer than 15 a month but more than one a year, you have occasional migraine. For some, these attacks can go into either partial or full remission: Partial remission happens when people with chronic migraine suddenly get fewer of them. If you have one 10 days or less a month instead of 15 days, your doctor may say your chronic migraine has gone into remission. Full remission happens when people with occasional migraine go an entire year without one. |
61413c4d51dfa587b09404b260b083c6 | What causes remission in migraines? | Doctors don't know why some people with migraines go into remission. But research shows that certain things can make it more likely: Age: The number of migraine attacks you have each month is likely to drop over time. This is true for people 40 and older. Among women, a drop in hormone levels after menopause may be a factor. Being a man: Men are less likely to have migraines overall. But men who get them are more likely than women to go into remission. Your reaction to touch: Some people who get migraines become so sensitive to touch during an attack that feeling their clothing against their skin or someone lightly brushing against their shoulder is uncomfortable or even painful. If this doesn't happen when you have a migraine, you're more likely to go into remission. Number of headaches per month: Studies show that if you have chronic migraine, you're more likely to go into partial remission if you have fewer attacks. That means closer to 15 a month than to 30. |
f5b2d94f84d6d045617066bc46ebd72e | How can you get heart failure? | Heart failure usually doesn't sneak up on people, but develops over time and for a number of reasons. It's important to know if you're more likely to get it so you can take the steps to help prevent it. Certain problems can make your heart work harder than it should and weaken the muscle. Some of these are: High blood pressure Diabetes Coronary artery disease Past heart attack Being too overweight Things like drinking too much alcohol, smoking, and using illegal drugs are all known to damage your heart. |
310f82e0ad5d3582b7ec6ad8014e656e | Should I talk to my doctor if I think I'm likely to have heart failure? | If you think you could be likely to have heart failure, talk to your doctor. She may start you on medications to help manage the condition. |
cacc3e76eb4fcb695654daf12994efe4 | Should I use a stool to cook if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | Don't stand while you cook. Sit and rest. You can wash dishes from a stool, too. |
a2fcc3599ed5f6d8863fc6586840f239 | Should I use a shower chair if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | Even if you think you don't really need one, it can help you relax while you bathe without putting more stress on your joints. A showerhead that you can adjust or hold in your hand can help, too. |
718151fc773b377315e5c2fd8c1c7449 | Should I shop online if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | It's easier and faster than trekking to the mall. Save your energy for the things you enjoy doing. If using a keyboard hurts, consider getting voice recognition software to do your online buying. |
ebac5fd1b576ae418de0bbecf4e9ce05 | Should I lug cleaning supplies up and down stairs if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | Don't lug cleaning supplies up and down the stairs. Keep a stocked supply closet on each floor. Instead of carrying your vacuum, think about a lightweight rechargeable vacuum for each floor, too. |
79397ac27be9fff582f8e76e9c86644e | How can I garden without pain if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | Some benches have wheels that make them easier to move. Try working on raised beds instead of on the ground. Also, look for ergonomic garden tools that are easier to use. |
7c6f52b45423cf04c8afd5b9a26ef73b | Should I get new kitchenware if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | Think about buying some lightweight pots and pans and spoons and spatulas with thick, easy-to-grip handles. |
5181eed4f957def916793e8e0b0d4341 | Should I have a plan for my daily activities if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | When you have RA, you may have less energy. So it helps to be well organized. If you want to get things done tomorrow, plan how you'll do it now. Keep your goals realistic, and don't forget to build in breaks. |
5f28c86aa3c0ee4e7151a0c3a67139da | Should I divide up the day if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | If you switch things up, you'll get more done. Pace yourself -- especially on good days. Even if you wake up feeling like you can do anything, squeezing in too much can backfire. |
79d7b0bb91dd10f5a46fa9f368554550 | What are treatments for benign rolandic epilepsy? | Often in benign rolandic epilepsy, no treatment is needed or recommended. Seizures in benign rolandic epilepsy are usually mild, harmless, and infrequent. Virtually all children outgrow the condition. Children might benefit from treatment if they're having any of these problems related to benign rolandic epilepsy: learning difficulties problems thinking or concentrating behavior problems daytime seizures frequent seizures Anti-seizure medications like Tegretol (carbamazepine), Trileptal (oxcarbazepine), or Neurontin (gabapentin) are most often prescribed to treat benign rolandic epilepsy. |
e276517b45913dca6f3cf0a324055c00 | What causes benign rolandic epilepsy? | No one knows what causes benign rolandic epilepsy. Children who have close relatives with epilepsy are slightly more likely to develop the condition. |
2c435ab435c762605704274ba7bb76f7 | What medications are used to treat benign rolandic epilepsy? | Children might benefit from treatment if they're having any of these problems related to benign rolandic epilepsy: learning difficulties problems thinking or concentrating behavior problems daytime seizures frequent seizures Anti-seizure medications like Tegretol (carbamazepine), Trileptal (oxcarbazepine), or Neurontin (gabapentin) are most often prescribed to treat benign rolandic epilepsy. |
2d48bdecd32b4f2b22fa56b521c907d3 | When might I need to call my doctor or 911 after a tonsil removal surgery? | Symptoms such as pain, snoring, and fever under 102 F are normal after surgery. But call your doctor if you notice these things: You feel weak, dizzy, lightheaded, or have a headache. This could mean you haven't had enough fluids. For your child: If's he's peeing only 2 to 3 times a day and crying without tears, that usually means he hasn't had enough to drink. You have a fever 102 F or higher. You throw up or still feel sick to your stomach more than 12 hours after surgery Go to the emergency room if you have: A hard time breathing Any bleeding (small bits of dark blood in your nose or spit are normal, but bright red blood means you need to be seen by a doctor.) |
3eebf27ce9be2a070f3adb488b1a2bc8 | What are the symptoms of urethritis? | The main symptom of urethra inflammation from urethritis is pain with urination (dysuria). In addition to pain, urethritis symptoms include: Feeling the frequent or urgent need to urinate Difficulty starting urination Urethritis can also cause itching, pain, or discomfort when a person is not urinating. Other symptoms of urethritis include: Pain during sex Discharge from the urethral opening or vagina In men, blood in the semen or urine You may get a diagnosis of urethritis when your doctor takes your medical history and asks you about your symptoms. |
029e04d1d8c3739ab92c22a21f0d94db | What causes urethritis? | Most episodes of urethritis are caused by infection by bacteria that enter the urethra from the skin around the urethra's opening. Bacteria that commonly cause urethritis include: E. coli and other bacteria present in stool Gonococcus, which is sexually transmitted and causes gonorrhea. Chlamydia trachomatis, which is sexually transmitted and causes chlamydia. |
cbd76de1959434a53aa3798ede2e9bc1 | What are the treatments for urethritis caused by herpes simplex virus? | Urethritis due to herpes simplex virus can be treated with: Acyclovir ( Zovirax) Famciclovir ( Famvir) Valacyclovir ( Valtrex) Often, the exact organism causing urethritis cannot be identified. |
76be058605239e460f8db2d178fa79ab | How is urethritis diagnosed? | Tests for urethritis can include: Physical examination, including the genitals, abdomen, and rectum Urine tests for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or other bacteria Examination of any discharge under a microscope Blood tests are often not necessary for the diagnosis of urethritis. |
a5da31f1850efee70ce8290ec89db6a0 | What is urethritis, and what is its main symptom? | That's the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. Pain with urination is the main symptom of urethritis. Urethritis is commonly due to infection by bacteria. It can typically be cured with antibiotics. |
dbd797f39209b186ef8d488e4aa32138 | What age and racial groups are at higher risk for testicular cancer? | Men in their 20s and early 30s make up about half of all cases. Also, white men are as much as five times more likely than African- American or Asian- American men to develop testicular cancer. Being in the higher-risk groups does not mean you will get cancer. And you may not have any of these risk factors and could still develop it. |
8afdd7e9fbab98556892262005c5d739 | How is a biopsy done to test for testicular cancer? | Biopsy: In a few cases, doctors will perform surgery to remove a small piece of the tumor and check it for cancer. That's called a biopsy, and you usually get the result quickly. It's rarely done because there's a chance the procedure could cause the cancer to spread. If your doctor finds a tumor, he'll do more tests to make sure cancer hasn't spread. Those tests might include X-rays or other types of scans. |
ecbea84c57f0bcb2b9992955da6edf3c | How is an ultrasound used to detect testicular cancer? | They include: An ultrasound: It uses sound waves to paint a picture of the testicles inside the scrotum. It's like the tests given to pregnant women to view a developing fetus. It can tell whether some growths are more likely to be cancer or might be something harmless. |
18f8dd2c0e5ea0f2939616d04e227b8c | How is a blood test used to detect testicular cancer? | Blood test: In many cases, testicular cancers create proteins or enzymes that can be found in the blood. If they are elevated, it may help doctors determine which type of cancer you have or whether it has spread. |
2a0b3b0ce6385400657e7db4c1d67d45 | What is the cordlike structure on top and in back of the testicle? | As you feel the testicle, you may notice a cordlike structure on top and in back of the testicle. This is called âthe epididymis.â It is about an inch long and is sensitive but should not be painful to touch. Do not mistake this for a lump. |
12675059d6a06535adbd234f616fc987 | How is an ultrasound used to diagnose testicular cancer? | They include: An ultrasound: It uses sound waves to paint a picture of the testicles inside the scrotum. It's like the tests given to pregnant women to view a developing fetus. It can tell whether some growths are more likely to be cancer or might be something harmless. When you do this test, you usually lie on your back on an exam table. A technician spreads a clear gel over your scrotum that may feel a bit cool, then moves an ultrasound device over your scrotum. |
baa8c9d04b7a4313742e0c02fa616aa7 | How is a biopsy used to diagnose testicular cancer? | Biopsy: In a few cases, doctors will perform surgery to remove a small piece of the tumor and check it for cancer. That's called a biopsy, and you usually get the result quickly. It's rarely done because there's a chance the procedure could cause the cancer to spread. If your doctor finds a tumor, he'll do more tests to make sure cancer hasn't spread. Those tests might include X-rays or other types of scans. |
4e721b229da9c0993b4cec037a6763e2 | How does a doctor get the blood for a testicular cancer blood test? | To get the blood, a doctor's aide will insert a thin needle into your arm to pull it out. You usually just feel a small prick. |
e84f430fef2bf7898e9c351c5de48485 | How is a blood test used to diagnose testicular cancer? | Blood test: In many cases, testicular cancers create proteins or enzymes that can be found in the blood. If they are elevated, it may help doctors determine which type of cancer you have or whether it has spread. To get the blood, a doctor's aide will insert a thin needle into your arm to pull it out. You usually just feel a small prick. |
95ace57cc0b3c8588d1211c483847d13 | Is there a test for detecting testicular cancer? | There's no standard test for detecting it, but sometimes your doctor will notice something not quite right during a routine exam. If he finds a sign, he has several tests he can use can confirm a diagnosis or rule it out. |
13a624cbb647573de7e4740320c82896 | How do I check myself for testicular tumors? | Often, you can find a tumor by examining yourself. Here's how to do it: While standing, gently but firmly roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers and feel for anything abnormal. If you come across a small, hard lump, any pain, or swelling, check with your doctor. |
567d9ee02d1f9a81f5825ceef36800c8 | What are stromal tumors? | There are also growths called âstromal tumorsâ that are often benign but sometimes can be cancerous. They show up in the tissues that produce hormones inside the testicles. They account for about 5% of adult cases and about 20% for boys. |
cbe8cce8045d44d32e35de172908fd0d | When is the best time to examine my testicles for cancer? | Do the exam during or after a warm bath or shower. This relaxes the skin, making it easier to feel anything unusual. |
9b895a47d5d63b025f4a633ac43ff3be | How is constipation defined for a baby? | Constipation isn't just about how often your baby poops. It's also about how tough it is for him to do it. If he has soft, easy-to-pass stools every 4-5 days, he's probably OK. On the other hand, you should talk to your doctor if he: Has a hard time going or seems uncomfortable Has hard stools Has poops that are bloody or black Doesn't poop at least once every 5 to 10 days If you're bottle feeding, try a different brand of formula -- after you check with your doctor. |
d1414ca2a8c65e6a058b5009482cc644 | How can you ease your baby's constipation? | If he has soft, easy-to-pass stools every 4-5 days, he's probably OK. On the other hand, you should talk to your doctor if he: Has a hard time going or seems uncomfortable Has hard stools Has poops that are bloody or black Doesn't poop at least once every 5 to 10 days If you're bottle feeding, try a different brand of formula -- after you check with your doctor. Constipation should never be a reason to stop breastfeeding. Add a little dark fruit juice, like prune or pear, to your baby's bottle. Or just give her some extra water if she's older than 4 months -- no more than 1-2 ounces per day. But check with the doctor first. Remember that most babies who don't poop a lot are not truly "constipated" and don't need anything different from normal. |
0c502e1322c8041bdfdbee11aeb0eb10 | Are there classes to help parents with ADHD behavioral therapy? | There are ADHD behavior therapy classes that train parents. Ask your child's doctor if classes are available in your area. They are sometimes listed under names such as: Behavioral management training for parents Behavioral parent training Parent behavior training Parent training During class, a therapist teaches you how to set and stick to rules and how to respond to ADHD behaviors. |
5d9d658b590256b773137b905e87ec7e | How does behavioral therapy for ADHD begin? | They: Strengthen good behaviors Limit disruptive behaviors Teach a child to how to express feelings in a peaceful way It starts with three basic steps: Set a clear goal for your child. Be specific and reasonable. Make sure your child understands what he is supposed to do. For example, complete a homework assignment by a certain time. Be consistent with rewards and consequences. Always reward your child for showing good behavior. Make sure he knows the consequence for unwanted behavior. And follow through on it. Use the rewards/consequence system consistently for his whole childhood. Doing so builds positive behavior. |
2571ba8dd109b30254ebe15f54a0ca9e | Who provides my child with behavioral therapy for ADHD? | The combined treatment is sometimes referred to as a âmultimodal approach.â The primary caregivers for behavioral therapy are the adults who are raising the child. Other people who spend time with your child, such as teachers or caregivers, help too. The idea is to surround your kid with people who will consistently and effectively encourage positive behavior and discourage the not-so-good stuff. |
3bdf5e56034cb378e21c81d3be66e2ac | What is behavioral therapy for ADHD and why would my doctor recommend it? | If your child has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), your doctor will probably recommend behavioral therapy as a treatment. No matter how old your child is, experts say it's the first step toward successfully managing ADHD symptoms. Behavioral therapy isn't psychotherapy or play therapy. It focuses on actions, not emotions. It can teach your child how to turn negative, disruptive energy into positive thoughts and actions. And it starts at home -- with you, the parent. |
96a449169cccc2b33b275ab65c0025cd | What can I expect from an ADHD behavioral therapy class? | They are sometimes listed under names such as: Behavioral management training for parents Behavioral parent training Parent behavior training Parent training During class, a therapist teaches you how to set and stick to rules and how to respond to ADHD behaviors. Classes usually take place once a week for about 3 to 4 months. Research shows that this training not only helps nix your child's negative behavior, it'll bring the two of you closer together. |
e2274330e6e4b616e1d2d6110bd5e45b | Is behavioral therapy sufficient to treat ADHD? | The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) recommends behavioral therapy along with medication for children ages 6 and older. The combined treatment is sometimes referred to as a âmultimodal approach.â The primary caregivers for behavioral therapy are the adults who are raising the child. |
105aa6604169833b60331c59079199b2 | What are the goals of behavioral therapy for ADHD? | Behavioral therapy teaches your child skills that will help him. They: Strengthen good behaviors Limit disruptive behaviors Teach a child to how to express feelings in a peaceful way It starts with three basic steps: Set a clear goal for your child. |
a3b3934509c0a7fdc4af9546f20038a4 | What are some techniques of ADHD behavioral therapy? | Specific behavioral therapy techniques include: Positive reinforcement: Reward your child for good behavior. Example: If you finish your homework properly and on time, you can play a video game. Token economy: This combines the reward and consequence ideas. Teachers often use this method by giving out things like star stickers, but the same principle should be used at home, too. Response cost: Unwanted behavior leads to a loss of privileges or rewards. Example: If you don't do your homework, you lose your computer time. Time out: This common consequence is often used when preschoolers use bad behavior. Example: If you hit your sister, you must sit quietly alone for a few minutes. |
e3ffe5310993995df86c7d176d418efe | What can teachers do to help a child with ADHD? | Teachers may use words to praise your child or provide calming objects that they can hold quietly while still paying attention to the lesson. |
66dd7887117f5ac43b81834ba3336d71 | How do flexitarians consume plant-based diets? | Some people call themselves "flexitarians" or "semi-vegetarians," meaning that they occasionally eat meat, poultry, pork, or fish. You might also hear the term "pescatarian," which means they eat a plant-based diet plus fish. |
8ac5f54f2413985673d4e428684ec71f | How does a plant-based diet benefit my heart health? | You might also hear the term "pescatarian," which means they eat a plant-based diet plus fish. Start eating more fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. |
1293b992a4d99e39e8892baffcfc1c6e | How do I make the switch to a plant-based diet? | Start eating more fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. Depending on how far you want to take it, you can cut back on animal products, or cut them out. Check with a dietitian to make sure you're getting the nutrients you need. For example, you'll need to take a supplement or look for foods fortified with vitamin B12 if you totally cut out animal products. You'll also want to check on whether you're getting enough iron, calcium, and zinc. If you decide to swap dairy products for rice milk, nut milk, soy milk, or other plant-based alternatives, check the label to see how much calcium and vitamin D you're getting. |
531909536a82cd483cf3133e84fdf861 | How should I get enough protein for my plant-based diet? | To get enough protein without meat, favor beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, quinoa, or tofu. You'll still need to stick with your doctor's guidelines about fat, calories, sugar, and salt. It's possible to get too much of those whether you eat animal products or not. |
6c92a617470fe581076b378242df9db4 | What are common types of plant-based diets for heart health? | There are many different types of plant-based diets. The three most common ones are: Vegan : No animal products such as meat, eggs, or dairy products. Lacto-vegetarian: No meat or eggs, but dairy products are OK. Lacto-ovo-vegetarian: No meat, but dairy products and eggs are OK. You can eat a plant-based diet without going completely vegetarian. |
05ad071f96ddd25cd10710289c50428c | Are boys or girls more likely to have fragile X syndrome? | Boys are more likely to have fragile X than girls, and they have more severe symptoms. This is because girls have two copies of the X chromosome. Even if one X chromosome has the gene change, the other copy can be fine. Boys have one X and one Y chromosome. If the X chromosome has the gene change, they will have symptoms of fragile X syndrome. |
a7d38d29988dd2dcc16f3d4bafec3284 | Is fragile X syndrome different in girls than in boys? | There are several, including: Trouble learning skills like sitting, crawling, or walking Problems with language and speech Hand-flapping and not making eye contact Temper tantrums Poor impulse control Anxiety Extreme sensitivity to light or sound Hyperactivity and trouble paying attention Aggressive and self-destructive behavior in boys Some children with fragile X also have changes to their face and body that can include: A large head A long, narrow face Large ears A large forehead and chin Loose joints Flat feet Enlarged testicles (after puberty) Symptoms are usually milder in girls. While most boys with fragile X have trouble with learning and development, girls usually don't have these issues. Girls with fragile X sometimes have trouble getting pregnant when they grow up. They might also go into menopause earlier than usual. |
ca457a968dc841408bdbbc164220a853 | How can you help your child with fragile X syndrome? | Options include: Special education to help with learning ( IEP and 504 are education plans that guide the school in providing support) Speech and language therapy Occupational therapy to help with daily tasks Behavior therapy Medicines to prevent seizures, manage ADD symptoms like hyperactivity, and treat other behavioral problems The earlier you start treatment, the better. Work with your child's doctor, teachers, and therapists to make a treatment program. Your child might also qualify for free special education services. To learn more about fragile X, join a support group. Or, reach out to an organization like the National Fragile X Foundation for advice and resources. |
24a24222308382eb9c0cad78fc6afd67 | How can I prevent blood clots if I have polycythemia vera? | Its symptoms may include: Pain in the upper right part of your belly Yellow color in your skin and the whites of your eyes Swelling in the belly or arms Bleeding in your digestive tract, from the esophagus or gut To prevent clots, your doctor will remove a small amount of blood with a treatment called phlebotomy. This is similar to giving blood during a blood drive. You may also get medicines like low-dose aspirin, hydroxyurea, or interferon alfa to thin your blood and stop your body from making too many blood cells. |
592dbc45b06e8e4c51b4b8f4545432a3 | Can you live with polycythemia vera? | Many people with polycythemia vera ( PV) live a normal life with this rare blood cancer under control. The goal is to avoid complications like blood clots, which may happen because PV thickens your blood. To prevent those problems, your doctor will recommend treatments to improve your blood flow and help you feel better. |
41d47a7f3f028181728d54c8957464c6 | How do I know if I have a blood clot if I have polycythemia vera? | Watch for signs of a clot, such as: Chest pain Shortness of breath Dizziness Pain and swelling in your leg Call your doctor or go to an emergency room right away if you have these signs. |
06835789ee58270c2e39a98125e1695e | If I have polycythemia vera will I get blood clots? | These problems don't happen to everyone who has polycythemia vera. They're more likely if you're older than 60 or have already had a blood clot or complication. You'll want to work with your doctor to get a sense of your risk and how to lower it. |
4277d95243c1d8195e4b922b136862b9 | What is gout and how does polycythemia vera cause it? | Gout is a type of arthritis. It's caused by the buildup of uric acid in your joints. Uric acid forms into hard crystals that leave the joints sore and swollen. You get gout when cells turn over too quickly in your body -- like in PV. |
fc7412fbb4150ad294a43fe0b51ad63c | How can I prevent itchiness with polycythemia vera? | To prevent itchiness: Keep the water cool when you shower or take a bath. Gently pat your skin dry when you get out of the water. Don't rub it dry. Use moisturizer every day. Your doctor may recommend an antihistamine or low-dose aspirin. |
672f1b5605cb97f1e40aee284740143c | What are the symptoms of an enlarged spleen because of polycythemia vera? | Doctors call this âsplenomegaly.â If your spleen is enlarged, you may have symptoms like: A feeling of fullness Swelling in your belly Weight loss Stomach pain If your enlarged spleen causes problems, you may need to take medicine for it, or you may need surgery to remove it. |
3043e59cb0c8e58626bd1dbf86240bcc | How does polycythemia vera cause myelofibrosis and leukemia? | After years of pumping out extra red blood cells, your bone marrow can become so filled with scar tissue that it can't make enough blood cells to meet your body's needs. Doctors call this condition myelofibrosis. It's rare, but abnormal bone marrow cells grow out of control. This can lead to acute myelogenous leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Again, these problems aren't likely. Your doctor will closely follow your health to make sure you're doing well and staying free of complications. |
7668afa49b4ff8c0affce67f23127de0 | What are the symptoms of malaria? | Symptoms for malaria usually start about 10 to 15 days after the infected mosquito bite. Here are some things to keep in mind, though: Because the signs are so similar to cold or flu symptoms, it might be hard to tell what you have at first. Malaria symptoms don't always show up within 2 weeks, especially if it's a P. vivax infection. People who live in areas with lots of malaria cases may become partially immune after being exposed to it throughout their lives. A blood test can confirm whether you have malaria. Along with high fever, shaking chills and sweating, symptoms can include: Throwing up or feeling like you're going to Headache Diarrhea Being very tired (fatigue) Body aches Yellow skin (jaundice) from losing red blood cells Kidney failure Seizure Confusion Malaria can cause you to go into a coma. Children with severe malaria may get anemia, a condition that happens when you lose too many red blood cells. They may also have trouble breathing. In rare cases they can get cerebral malaria, which causes brain damage from swelling. |
7ba4fc956e0edcc03e0ae2862fa9d55c | What is an alanine aminotransferase test? | The alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) test is a blood test that checks for liver damage. Your doctor can use this test to find out if a disease, drug, or injury has damaged your liver. |
2ae7cc70c6c1d989b168588081ab08b2 | Why should your doctor order an alanine aminotransferase test? | Your doctor might recommend ALT if you have symptoms of liver disease or damage, such as: Stomach pain or swelling Nausea Vomiting Yellow skin or eyes (a condition called jaundice) Weakness Extreme tiredness (fatigue) Dark-colored urine Light-colored poop Itchy skin Here are some reasons you might get this test: You've been exposed to the hepatitis virus. You drink a lot of alcohol. You have a family history of liver disease. You take medicine that's known to cause liver damage. The ALT test can be done as part of a blood panel during a regular exam. If you've already been diagnosed with liver disease, your doctor can use the ALT test to see how well your treatment is working. |
62ddeb0566cf914de7e2ed8fdceb9754 | When do you get results from an alanine aminotransferase test? | Risks are usually minor, and can include: Bleeding Bruising Infection Slight pain when the needle is inserted Fainting or feeling dizzy You should get your results in about a day. |
109e464ab9170002e7363abceaf5ac80 | What causes slightly high alanine aminotransferase levels? | Slightly high ALT levels may be caused by: Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis (long-term damage and scarring of the liver) Mononucleosis Drugs such as statins, aspirin, and some sleep aids Moderately high ALT levels may be because of: Chronic (ongoing) liver disease Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Blockage of the bile ducts Heart attack or heart failure (when your heart can't pump enough blood to your body) Kidney damage Muscle injury Damage to red blood cells Heat stroke Too much vitamin A Very high ALT levels can be caused by: Acute viral hepatitis An overdose of drugs such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Liver cancer Sepsis ALT usually is done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel. |
0e8993d71481dbabf5f88b3434379f45 | What causes very high alanine aminotransferase levels? | Slightly high ALT levels may be caused by: Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis (long-term damage and scarring of the liver) Mononucleosis Drugs such as statins, aspirin, and some sleep aids Moderately high ALT levels may be because of: Chronic (ongoing) liver disease Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Blockage of the bile ducts Heart attack or heart failure (when your heart can't pump enough blood to your body) Kidney damage Muscle injury Damage to red blood cells Heat stroke Too much vitamin A Very high ALT levels can be caused by: Acute viral hepatitis An overdose of drugs such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Liver cancer Sepsis ALT usually is done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel. |
a001e3f17837bde418e697541aa2d2c2 | What is the role of the liver relative to an alanine aminotransferase test? | Your liver does a lot of important things for you: It makes a fluid called bile that helps your body digest food. It removes waste products and other toxins from your blood. It produces proteins and cholesterol. Diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis can damage your liver and prevent it from doing its many jobs. |
513d7ad0f5f386a35fbb1a0fad8d8499 | When should you talk to your doctor about an alanine aminotransferase test? | To find out what type of liver disease you have, your doctor might also test the levels of other enzymes and proteins found in your liver, including: Albumin Alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) Total protein Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results. Also find out how these results might affect your treatment. |
b27405922025ebe5cd886097ece8b2b8 | How do you prepare for an alanine aminotransferase test? | You don't need any special preparation for the ALT test. Your doctor might ask you to stop eating or drinking a few hours before the test. Tell your doctor what prescription drugs or supplements you take. Some medicines can affect the results of this test. |
fab0d916c45003595754f26251f98aad | What are the risks in an alanine aminotransferase test? | The ALT blood test is safe. Risks are usually minor, and can include: Bleeding Bruising Infection Slight pain when the needle is inserted Fainting or feeling dizzy You should get your results in about a day. |
19d6b44133d1735fa0357ec572ff013b | What causes moderately high alanine aminotransferase levels? | Slightly high ALT levels may be caused by: Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis (long-term damage and scarring of the liver) Mononucleosis Drugs such as statins, aspirin, and some sleep aids Moderately high ALT levels may be because of: Chronic (ongoing) liver disease Alcohol abuse Cirrhosis Blockage of the bile ducts Heart attack or heart failure (when your heart can't pump enough blood to your body) Kidney damage Muscle injury Damage to red blood cells Heat stroke Too much vitamin A Very high ALT levels can be caused by: Acute viral hepatitis An overdose of drugs such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Liver cancer Sepsis ALT usually is done as part of a group of liver function tests called a liver panel. |
68891f91babc133f4fa4d651a4ccc681 | What other tests are done in addition to an alanine aminotransferase test? | To find out what type of liver disease you have, your doctor might also test the levels of other enzymes and proteins found in your liver, including: Albumin Alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) Total protein Talk to your doctor to make sure you understand all of your liver test results. |
545d68742bfe9d5b10bf2513c560752f | How should I protect my eye if I have an eye sore? | If the person wears contact lenses, take them out. Dark glasses may provide comfort. Do not flush, patch, rub, dab at, or place compresses on the eye. |
68cd10f7988770e43254fea859227585 | What happens when I go to the doctor for my eyesore? | The health care provider will examine the eye and test vision. Depending on the age of the person, the health care provider may also check the pressure within the eye and perform other tests. Depending on the cause, the health care provider may prescribe eye drops or oral medicines or both and may recommend consultation from an ophthalmologist (eye specialist). Follow up depends on the cause of pain but may require a visit to an ophthalmologist. |
2319a10d5e798185e3578ab6f9b9774f | When should I see a doctor about my eye sore? | See a health care provider for persistent pain, eye redness, change in vision, drainage from the eye, rashes around the eye, swelling of the eyelids, or fever. |
f76d0690ebefb1c53d89551742633c17 | How can bloodwork help to diagnose transverse myelitis? | Bloodwork: Your doctor will test your blood for signs of illnesses with similar symptoms, like lupus, HIV, or another form of myelitis. He'll try to find out if transverse myelitis is a sign of a related illness, like MS. |
935fe01847d40f974fed268b02397428 | How is transverse myelitis related to multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Infections: Bacterial infections like Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and syphilis Fungal infections of the spinal cord, like aspergillus, blastomyces, coccidioides, and cryptococcus Parasites such as toxoplasmosis, cysticercosis, schistosomiasis, and angtiostrongyloid Viral Infections like varicella zoster, which causes chickenpox and shingles; enterovirus; and West Nile virus Multiple sclerosis ( MS): Transverse myelitis can be the first sign of MS, which destroys myelin in your brain and spinal cord. It can also signal a relapse. If it's early MS, you'll probably have symptoms on one side of your body only. |
9ec4fc3799c54e6714cd86f45af6bfe1 | What happens when you get a spinal tap to help diagnose transverse myelitis? | Spinal tap: For this test, your doctor puts a needle in between two vertebrae (bones in your back) to take a sample of the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. If it has more disease-fighting white blood cells or certain proteins than it should, you might have an infection. |
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