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5e13abc8ff04048915380cf3db738c22 | What does a bedsore ulcer look like? | If untreated, leg and foot ulcers can lead to: Infection Having a foot or part of your leg removed (sometimes a problem with diabetic ulcers) Osteoporosis (when your bones become weak and easily break in a fall) Also called pressure ulcers or pressure sores, at first they just look like off-color skin. Over time though, they can grow into deep, open wounds. |
2ca834940f5ee041d431275a2f0dd82e | What problems can result from corneal ulcers? | They can cause serious vision problems, including blindness. If you think you have one, it's best to get treatment right away. |
dd5f5142292a14eb388b3dbe3987b752 | What causes corneal ulcers? | Typically, you get a corneal ulcer from an infection. You might also get it because of dry-eye syndrome, an injury to your cornea, or problems with your eyelids which can cause your corneas to dry out and form ulcers. |
34f5b09dfcd9d1efe5772a3cd9a8aa1b | Is it hard to tell when someone with heart failure has lost weight? | A failing heart makes the body to retain water and swell. That can increase your body weight and make you look like you have body fat when you don't. Your doctor can use other tests to figure out if you've lost muscle mass, including measuring how well you do physical activities like walking or how strong your grip is. |
9e883fd1b01ba74424ee53c733694723 | What causes cardiac cachexia? | Doctors are not exactly sure what causes cardiac cachexia. It involves many different body systems. Some experts think it may happen when there's an imbalance in the way your body's nervous system tells your digestive tract how to break down food. |
1fe1290cfb47c52f054129e68659bc4f | What parts of the body does cardiac cachexia affect? | The condition also has serious effects on many parts of the body, including the digestive tract, lungs, and heart, and the body's ability to make blood cells. |
b27d90c06dd3b7d1d8383cc28af71626 | What are some ways cardiac cachexia affects the body and causes symptoms? | But scientists know a few things about how the condition affects the body and causes symptoms: Fluid buildup from congestive heart failure can sometimes make it harder to absorb nutrients from food. Malnutrition keeps the liver from making a protein called albumin, which helps the blood carry important chemicals throughout your body. The condition makes your body use more energy to do basic things, like breathing. So you burn more calories, but at the same time, you can't absorb them from food. Your body breaks down muscle proteins. That leads to symptoms like fatigue. |
a8a84097de4d2a5efdf1e0fecea135d7 | What are symptoms of cardiac cachexia? | The main symptom of cardiac cachexia is weight loss. You may also feel: Very weak and tired Short of breath Unable to exercise or be active Nauseated Not very hungry Constipation Changes in how food tastes Some of these symptoms make you more likely to lose even more weight. |
7e22698315da96575d16b85961ff36d7 | How is cardiac cachexia diagnosed? | There's no specific test that can diagnose cardiac cachexia. In most cases, doctors will try to rule out other health problems that may be causing your weight loss. If you've lost more than 5% of your body weight in 6 months without trying, your doctor may test your blood to look for substances linked to cardiac cachexia, like the protein albumin. |
5f747e7f3dffbfd179c66bf16df3210b | Who is most likely to develop high blood pressure? | People with family members who have high blood pressure Smokers African- Americans Pregnant women Women who take birth control pills People over the age of 35 People who are overweight or obese People who are not active People who drink alcohol excessively People who eat too many fatty foods or foods with too much salt People who have sleep apnea |
49df5dbcbd60a73f7a8caca5553cf794 | How does diet and lifestyle influence essential hypertension? | Essential hypertension is also greatly influenced by diet and lifestyle. The link between salt and high blood pressure is especially compelling. People living on the northern islands of Japan eat more salt per capita than anyone else in the world and have the highest incidence of essential hypertension. By contrast, people who add no salt to their food show virtually no traces of essential hypertension. |
6b33bc770baad9f14631f239982872c5 | What causes high blood pressure? | The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential Hypertension In as many as 95% of high blood pressure cases in the U. S., the underlying cause can't be found. |
e2ccca514f205d8356f9c3120c012206 | What other factors can raise the risk of having essential hypertension? | Most people with high blood pressure are "salt sensitive," meaning that anything more than the minimal bodily need for salt is too much for them and increases their blood pressure. Other factors that can raise the risk of having essential hypertension include obesity; diabetes; stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium; lack of physical activity; and chronic alcohol consumption. |
e20be7c8367a5d43ad294a0764cce34f | What is "normal" blood pressure? | The top number is called the systolic, and bottom number is called the diastolic. The ranges are: Normal: Less than 120 over 80 (120/80) Elevated: 120-129/less than 80 Stage 1 high blood pressure: 130-139/80-89 Stage 2 high blood pressure: 140 and above/90 and above Hypertension crisis: higher than 180/higher than 120 -- See a doctor right away If your blood pressure is above the normal range, talk to your doctor about how to lower it. |
725f527efd73ddf120c296cba29b5beb | What is essential hypertension? | The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several things may play a role, including: Smoking Being overweight or obese Lack of physical activity Too much salt in the diet Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day) Stress Older age Genetics Family history of high blood pressure Chronic kidney disease Adrenal and thyroid disorders Sleep apnea Essential Hypertension In as many as 95% of high blood pressure cases in the U. S., the underlying cause can't be found. This type of high blood pressure is called "essential hypertension." |
7128a420135fc871edd91966c5ac9a00 | What is secondary hypertension? | Secondary Hypertension When a direct cause for high blood pressure can be identified, the condition is described as secondary hypertension. Among the known causes of secondary hypertension, kidney disease ranks highest. Hypertension can also be triggered by tumors or other abnormalities that cause the adrenal glands (small glands that sit atop the kidneys) to secrete excess amounts of the hormones that elevate blood pressure. Birth control pills -- specifically those containing estrogen -- and pregnancy can boost blood pressure, as can medications that constrict blood vessels. |
dab93dfa99668e27a18093f628973593 | What is blood pressure? | The heart pumps blood into blood vessels, which carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood out to the body and contributes to hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, to stroke, kidney disease, and to heart failure. |
ad55e495d1d9fc6148e8cf3b8ea8a1fb | What conditions can contribute to memory loss? | In most cases, there's no great cause for worry. Just because you lose your keys or forget someone's name doesn't mean you have Alzheimer's. You could have memory loss due to the normal aging process. Conditions that contribute to memory loss include: Depression Medication side effects Alcohol abuse Not enough vitamin B12 or a low thyroid level Stress and worry of any kind, such as from the death of a spouse or loved one, or from retirement Illness One symptom of more serious memory loss is that you're not aware there's a problem. |
44e968d0982647dac713e5dbe5f033c3 | What is one symptom of more serious memory loss? | Conditions that contribute to memory loss include: Depression Medication side effects Alcohol abuse Not enough vitamin B12 or a low thyroid level Stress and worry of any kind, such as from the death of a spouse or loved one, or from retirement Illness One symptom of more serious memory loss is that you're not aware there's a problem. Family members might seem more worried than you are. If loved ones are talking to you about your memory, take their concerns to heart and see a doctor. |
1061d1fd7b705a5707eab3a39937b819 | What are the different types of thyroid cancer? | There are four main types of thyroid cancer: Papillary (the most common type) Follicular Medullary Anaplastic If your doctor finds cancer, he'll begin the process of staging. |
68d4348c25db021227ff22680a130383 | What are the stages of medullary thyroid cancer? | The following things apply to everyone who has this type of cancer, no matter their age. Stage I -- The tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller. It's only in your thyroid. Stage II -- It's larger than 2 centimeters and found only in your thyroid. Or, it's any size but has spread to tissues beyond your thyroid. It hasn't spread to your lymph nodes. Stage III -- It may be smaller or larger than 2 centimeters and may also be in the tissues beyond your thyroid. The cancer is now in the lymph nodes near your voice box and windpipe. Stage IV -- As with follicular and papillary thyroid cancer, stage IV means that the cancer has spread to distant sites in your body, and the letters â A,â â B,â and â Câ indicate where it has gone. |
47bc023c978ad2c5e217912d09a7ae56 | What are the stages of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, stage IV? | If you are at stage IV, it means the cancer has spread. Your doctor assigns the letters â A,â â Bâ and â Câ to show how far. Stage IVA -- The cancer has spread beyond your thyroid. It now is under your skin, or it affects your larynx, esophagus or trachea. A smaller tumor in more distant lymph nodes is also considered stage IVA. Stage IVB -- The tumor has grown toward your spine or into nearby large blood vessels, like the carotid arteries. These carry blood to your brain, face, and neck. It might have also spread to your lymph nodes. Stage IVC -- The cancer has spread beyond the thyroid, and to distant sites of the body. It may be in your lungs, bones, and lymph nodes. |
511e2a8c18a10a3c35018fdfbb59afd1 | What is the TNM staging system for thyroid cancer? | The American Joint Committee on Cancer created the system that's most often used to describe the stages of thyroid cancer. It's called the â TNMâ system, and it focuses on these three things: T -- How big is the main tumor, and has it spread to other areas of the body? N -- Has the cancer spread to nearby lymph nodes? ( These are bean-shaped cells that help your body fight infection). M -- Has the cancer spread, or metastasized, to other areas of the body or organs, namely the lungs, liver, and bones? |
e7ab7e5e7a79ac955471d22df51fea05 | What are the main types of thyroid cancer? | The thyroid is a gland at the base of your throat. It makes hormones that help your body work properly. There are four main types of thyroid cancer: Papillary (the most common type) Follicular Medullary Anaplastic If your doctor finds cancer, he'll begin the process of staging. He'll run tests to see if it has spread to other parts of your body. |
3d2b4d6bdc134f537f980647d0bc0482 | What are the stages of papillary or follicular thyroid cancer in patients under age 45? | Here's what each stage of thyroid cancer means, grouped by types: Stage I -- The tumor can be any size. It may have spread nearby tissues or nearby lymph nodes. But it hasn't spread to other parts of the body. Stage II -- The tumor is any size. Cancer may have spread to your lymph nodes. It also has spread to other parts of your body, like your lungs or bones. |
c4ffef08f7894ff974e2d3139420be16 | How does the body clear clots? | When your body senses that you've healed, it calls on a protein called plasmin. Here's the clever part: Plasmin is actually built into the clot itself. It's there the whole time, but it's turned off. It just hangs out and waits. To turn it on, your body releases a substance known as an activator. It wakes up plasmin and tells it to get to work tearing things down. That mainly means breaking up the mesh-like structure that helps the clot work so well. |
a9b84300dd9f3aa58a7453a539141001 | What happens if your tests show that you have invasive ductal carcinoma? | To diagnose cancer, you'll get a biopsy to collect cells for analysis. The doctor will remove a bit of tissue to look at under a microscope. They can make a diagnosis from the biopsy results. |
528a6d9a48be35809566c36339c069dc | What do results of tests for invasive ductal carcinoma mean? | Knowing the stage will help guide your treatment. |
fb00de0e002694f85643a6e4b4361e2d | What is ductal carcinoma? | Ductal carcinoma is a common type of breast cancer that starts in cells that line the milk ducts, which carry breast milk to the nipple. There are two types: Invasive ductal carcinoma ( IDC) Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), also called intraductal carcinoma The symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments for each are different. |
50b6654e89fdf66af4713f56b1aadc30 | What can ductal carcinoma in situ lead do? | Even though it's noninvasive, it can lead to invasive cancer. It's important that women with the disease get treatment. Research shows that the risk of getting invasive cancer is low if you've been treated for DCIS. If it isn't treated, 30% to 50% if women with DCIS will get invasive cancer. The invasive cancer usually develops in the same breast and in the same area as where the DCIS happened. |
b69e15dea26334347a2148783b721f38 | Can testosterone leves go down in women during menopause? | At menopause, women experience a decline in testosterone. That decline may be correlated to a reduced libido. |
c7b54eaffddc72f402602c37c23fa182 | What happens when testosterone levels rise in women? | If your body produces too much testosterone, you may have irregular or absent menstrual periods. You may also have more body hair than the average woman. Some women with high testosterone levels develop frontal balding. Other possible effects include acne, an enlarged clitoris, increased muscle mass, and deepening of voice. High levels of testosterone can also lead to infertility and are commonly seen in polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS). |
7fb2eab82d910a39255595db3b4f30f9 | Why might estrogen levels fall? | There are many reasons why estrogen levels fall, including: Hypogonadism Hypopituitarism Pregnancy failure (estriol) Perimenopause and menopause (estradiol) Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS) Anorexia nervosa (eating disorder) Extreme exercise or training Drugs that block estrogen include clomiphene, which tricks the body into thinking it has decreased levels of estrogen. |
633d9d65dedbbc5b8a75f632bf8b0c91 | What are the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? | They include: Obesity An apple-shaped body Excessive or thinning hair Acne Menstrual irregularity PCOS is associated with: Higher levels of circulating male hormones Insulin resistance Carbohydrate intolerance -- conditions that make you prone to gaining weight Low levels of HDL -- ''good'' -- cholesterol Elevated triglycerides High LDL -- ''bad'' -- cholesterol Obesity High blood pressure As women with PCOS age, the presence of these risk factors increases their risk for heart disease. |
e73c9f56bb6bcc3a725f5b3ea57bf238 | How can women know if their hormone levels are too high or too low? | Your doctor can do a physical examination and assess your health situation and symptoms to determine if further laboratory tests are needed to check hormone levels. Those tests may be important if you have a health condition such as PCOS or have stopped menstruating because of excessive athletic training or anorexia nervosa. If the tests show abnormal levels of hormones, your doctor can prescribe effective treatment. |
eec613b70a8a3992ce18ea2bc70b5b0f | Can medications cause estrogen levels to rise in women? | This can be a problem for women such as athletes, models, and gymnasts. |
17f4e7af16a06233846ac834dac9bc9c | What symptoms can a drop in estrogen at menopause cause? | The drop of estrogen levels at menopause can cause uncomfortable symptoms, including: Hot flashes Night sweats Vaginal dryness or itching Loss of libido or sex drive Some women experience moodiness. |
2875c47933b66be5e57f61966714ed34 | Do women have testosterone? | Testosterone belongs to a class of male hormones called androgens. But women also have testosterone. The ovaries produce both testosterone and estrogen. Relatively small quantities of testosterone are released into your bloodstream by the ovaries and adrenal glands. |
c3febbbbdbeb1added189a530d1abbf6 | How does weight play a role in the TLC program? | The third part of the TLC Program is about shedding unwanted pounds. Besides the cholesterol, extra fat can increase your chances for high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and other issues. |
757ed9f7d4d05423722d04a8873dbec4 | What are good choices of carbohydrates? | Some great choices: Beans Fruit Lentils Quinoa Vegetables Whole grains and whole wheat sources That's a whole lot of information about food to take in, but there are two more pillars to the program. |
854e8aaef59aac6ab4a3003b98aec0ba | Can you stop cholesterol medication while on the TLC Program? | You will need medication, too. But with lifestyle changes such as the TLC Program, you may be able to take lower doses. |
b84f3213cfe08a65bed67922046a15ea | Is exercise important for the TLC program? | Physical activity is also part of the plan. You should try to get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most, if not all, days of the week. Brisk walking is a great place for many people to start. Some other suggestions: Bicycling Bowling Dancing Gardening Of course, you should talk with your doctor before you start a new exercise plan. |
a6617e47871a62735824839e4a5f5667 | What are the symptoms of a black eye? | Any of the symptoms below may indicate damage to the eyeball, which should be evaluated and treated by an eye care specialist: Your eyeball hurts. |
04fa715d879039d80c2ddfc4846e47e7 | When should you see a doctor for a black eye? | There was loss of consciousness as a result of the injury. Black eyes appear affecting one or both eyes after a head injury; you should be examined by a doctor for possible skull fracture. You have blurry or double vision. You can't move your eyeball in all directions. |
178441b0247537a44586ef7fc43fdb4d | How should you treat and prevent symptoms of a rash on a child? | Trim your child's fingernails to help prevent scratching. Put soft gloves on your child at night to avoid scratching. |
c2db48eaa958c50f06307ae3fff760ee | When should you call a doctor about a rash on a child? | Your child: Is younger than 6 months Has a fever along with a rash Has a rash that oozes or appears red, swollen, or wet, which could be an infection Has a rash that goes past the diaper area Has a rash that is more serious in skin creases Has a rash that doesn't get better after 2 days Has a rash that peels, especially one on the palms or soles Has flat, small red spots on the skin that don't fade if you press them Looks unwell or is not feeding well Has hives Has bruises not due to an injury Try to figure out whether the rash is due to coming into contact with a common irritant such as poison ivy, chemicals, soaps, nickel jewelry, or a pet. |
762d7a41ab1d19dd8e15f6bd77324fb9 | How should you clean the skin around a child's rash? | Wash the rash with mild soap but don't scrub. Rinse with warm water. Pat the skin dry, rather than rubbing it. Don't cover the rash. |
6b45231ac0cda0ca84e3da3017943ddb | How much protein do I need to stay healthy after childbirth? | You also need to get enough: Protein: Foods like beans, seafood, lean meats, eggs, and soy products are rich in protein, which help your body recover from childbirth. Aim for five servings each day, or seven if you're breastfeeding. |
ca063cbc5408f70936e1d0109598320f | How can iron help me after childbirth? | Iron: This nutrient helps your body make new blood cells, which is especially important if you lost a lot of blood during your delivery. Red meat and poultry are high in iron. So are tofu and beans. Whether you eat meat or go vegetarian, the daily requirement for lactating women is 9 mg daily for women ages 19 and older, and 10 mg daily for adolescents. If you had twins, have a health condition, or are vegan, check with your doctor. You may need a supplement to get the right nutrition. |
e6328979119475d04a2986ef3d6d0b9a | How much calcium do I need after childbirth? | Calcium: You'll need 1,000 milligrams -- about 3 servings of low-fat dairy -- each day. |
3b32c5b7b1aa76c78c815f67e6c65276 | Why is good nutrition important after childbirth? | It helps your body recover and gives you the energy you need to care for your little one. |
1f5e0a530892c0a4637f6814857b04c4 | Which foods should I avoid after childbirth? | Talk to your doctor about what's right for you. Caffeine: Drink more than 3 cups (24 ounces) of coffee or soda a day, and you can upset your baby's sleep. Some fish: Swordfish, shark, king mackerel, and tilefish are high in mercury, a toxin that is harmful to your baby, so avoid them. Tuna can have some mercury, too. Make sure to only eat the âlightâ kind and no more than 6 ounces each week. |
14a9e89ff3bedc9d7d00762c75d8918b | How much should I eat after childbirth? | In the months after childbirth, most new moms need between 1,800 and 2,200 calories each day. Nursing? You'll need up to 500 more. If you're underweight, you work out more than 45 minutes each day, or you're breastfeeding more than one infant, that number could be higher. Talk to your doctor to figure out the right amount for you and to determine continuation of vitamin supplementation. |
177bff8ceb571d420f055eb90fcbb6a8 | What is the best mattress for lower back pain? | The latest thinking is that there isn't one type of mattress that's best for everyone, including people with chronic back pain. Let personal preference guide you, and choose what feels most comfortable. |
98418c857d70c9480eb7e9e1f19c7fe5 | How can you tell which mattress is best for your back pain? | Or choose a mattress that comes with a money-back guarantee: A growing number of companies will let you buy a mattress and use it for anywhere from 30 to 100 days and send it back for a refund if you're not happy with it. |
630edd2c81a76efca74f9836d5250113 | What should you consider when taking antihistamines? | Some of the main side effects of antihistamines include: Dry mouth Drowsiness Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Restlessness or moodiness (in some children) Trouble peeing or not being able to pee Blurred vision Confusion If you take an antihistamine that causes drowsiness, do so before bedtime. Don't take it during the day before you drive or use machinery. Read the label before you take an allergy drug. Antihistamines may interact with other medications you are taking. Talk to your doctor first if you have an enlarged prostate, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, kidney or liver disease, a bladder obstruction, or glaucoma. Also check with your doctor if you are pregnant or nursing. |
e2bf8df309b24145ca4d03604849e75e | How do I get infected with E. coli? | You can become infected when you swallow even a small amount of E. coli bacteria. Among the ways this can happen: Ground meat: You eat ground meat that carries E. coli, and the meat wasn't cooked enough to kill the bacteria. When meat is processed, sometimes bacteria from the animals' intestines make their way into the meat. This happens more with ground meat because it comes from more than one animal. Untreated milk: You drink unpasteurized milk, which hasn't been heated to kill bacteria. E. coli can get into the milk from the cow's udder or from milking equipment. Vegetables and fruit: You might eat fresh vegetables or fruit that's been tainted by water that has the bacteria. This happens most often when manure from nearby animals mixes with the water supply. Other foods and beverages: You might also get E. coli from unpasteurized fruit juices and yogurt and cheese made from raw milk. Water: You swallow water that contains E. coli, perhaps while swimming in a pool, lake, or pond. Other people: You might get E. coli from another person who has it, such as a child. The bacteria can be passed to you if you clean up after an infected person and then don't wash your hands really well before you touch your mouth. Animals: It can be found at petting zoos or animal exhibits at fairs. |
a61f64f1e655bdd3edd7513a697815d8 | How can I prevent E. coli infection? | After you've used the bathroom or changed a diaper After you've had contact with animals, even your own pets After handling raw meat You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: Cook hamburgers until they're 160 F inside. Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. Wash all of your produce before you eat it. Be especially careful to get dirt off leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach. In your kitchen, a couple of simple rules will help keep you safe: Wash: Clean knives, counters, and cutting boards with hot, soapy water after raw meat has touched them. Keep raw and cooked separate: Use different cutting boards for food that you eat raw, such as vegetables and fruit. Don't put cooked meat back on the same plate you used for raw meat without washing the plate first. When you're swimming, try not to swallow the water, whether it's a pool, a lake, or the ocean. It may be tainted. |
d94bbaf280d924749475a4e2c462a39d | How can E. coli make me sick? | While many of us associate E. coli with food poisoning, you can also get pneumonia and urinary tract infections from different types of the bacteria. In fact, 75% to 95% of urinary tract infections are caused by E. coli. Some versions of E. coli make you sick by making a toxin called Shiga. This toxin damages the lining of your intestine. The strains of E. coli that make the toxin are sometimes called STEC, which is short for â Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.â One especially bad strain, O157: H7, can make you very sick. It causes abdominal cramps, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. It is the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children. It can also cause life-threatening symptoms such as: Adult kidney failure Fever Bleeding Confusion Seizures You should get emergency help if you have any of these symptoms. |
6c7259de6433557720b3c53aa06243bc | When should I wash my hands to prevent E. coli infection? | After you've used the bathroom or changed a diaper After you've had contact with animals, even your own pets After handling raw meat You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: Cook hamburgers until they're 160 F inside. Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. Wash all of your produce before you eat it. |
1020110569c7e90ab8d33eed047c0aa5 | How is E. coli infection treated? | The only way your doctor can know for sure if you have an E. coli infection is to send a sample of your stool to a lab to be analyzed. Fortunately, the infection usually goes away on its own. For some types of E.coli associated with diarrhea, such as the watery travelers' diarrhea, antibiotics can shorten the length of time you have symptoms and might be used in moderately severe cases. But if you have fever or bloody diarrhea or if your doctor suspects Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, antibiotics should not be taken. They can actually increase the production of Shiga toxin and worsen your symptoms. It's important to rest and get plenty of fluids to replace what your body is losing through vomiting or diarrhea. Don't take over-the-counter medications that fight diarrhea. You don't want to slow down your digestive system, because that will delay your body's shedding of the infection. |
ce9184b68b268dda14f7cc04d95715dc | What food should I eat after E. coli infection? | When you start to feel better, stick to low-fiber foods at first such as: Crackers Toast Eggs Rice Dairy products and foods that are high in fat or fiber can make your symptoms worse. |
fb66049aacbcbfa71f1255191cdd2f7e | What is the link between menopause and osteoporosis? | Although the drop in estrogen levels during menopause can result in dramatically thinning of bone and increases your risk of osteoporosis, it isn't the sole cause of the disease. Many other factors -- like your genes, some diseases and treatments, eating disorders, excessive exercising and weight loss , smoking, excess alcohol, and deficiencies of calcium and vitamin D -- can play an important role. Remember that men can get osteoporosis too, even though they don't go through menopause. |
c5bf2949fd7a2c3084bc2d1a6a90769d | How does vitamin D help prevent osteoporosis? | The Institute of Medicine recommends: 600 IU (international units) a day for adults through age 70 800 IU a day for adults ages 70 and older Vitamin D plays a vital role in getting calcium into the bloodstream from the intestines and the kidneys. Without enough vitamin D, a lot of the calcium you take in from food or supplements could pass out of the body as waste. |
361d3eefceacaa066f7942f60b69093e | How much calcium do I need to prevent osteoporosis? | The amount of calcium you need depends on your age. The Institute of Medicine recommends the following: Adolescents should get 1,300 milligrams of calcium a day. Adults from 19 to 50 years of age should get 1,000 milligrams of calcium a day. Adult women over the age of 50 should get 1,200 milligrams of calcium a day. Adult men should receive 1,000 milligrams up to age 70 and 1,200 milligrams after age 70. |
bcfed6ff3c3c018bc3db608e68725bbb | What are some good first solid foods to feed your baby? | Single-grain cereals, such as rice, are common first foods, but you don't have to start with these. You can try purees of any healthy food, including meats, vegetables or fruits. Should you start out with vegetables so your baby learns to like them? There's no evidence to support this. Babies have a natural preference for sweets and the order you introduce foods doesn't change that. |
87633ce14219f836b4dd2a13af7827c6 | Can I add solid foods to my baby's bottle? | It's an important part of your baby's development to learn how to eat from a spoon and to join in family meal time. If your baby has been diagnosed with reflux, your pediatrician may have you add cereal to the bottle. |
c29cfe8a7a03309a012c4e17c03bde61 | How can I prepare my baby to try his first solid food? | To prepare: Pick a time when your baby is happy and not too hungry, overtired or cranky. Make sure you're not rushed, so that you can enjoy the experience. Choose one food to introduce first. Feed that to her for a few days before introducing the next new food, to check for possible allergic reactions. If you note diarrhea, rashes, or vomiting after introducing a new food, stop offering it and consult your pediatrician. If you offer cereal, make sure it's one made specifically for babies; they're fortified with specific nutrients babies need at this age. |
8ac701a93e0378e4125af3c753296106 | When can my baby start eating solid foods? | The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding exclusively for about six months, and notes that most babies are ready to start solid foods between four and six months. Here are some signs that your baby is ready: She loses the tongue-thrust reflex that pushes the spoon back out of her mouth. She��s interested in what you're eating -- making âoohâ sounds as she watches you eat, or trying to grab your fork or slice of bread. She can sit up with good head control in the high chair, although she still needs the support of her body. She can draw in her lower lip to take food from a spoon. |
46e8e354757a31041229e9b9892da278 | What is a tubular adenoma? | The most common types of colon polyps doctors remove are a type called tubular adenoma. It can become cancerous, and that danger goes up the bigger the polyps get. |
779b3a5a7ac49523a49ad014a5128e67 | Do colon polyps raise your risk of colon cancer? | If you have a history of polyps in your colon, you're more likely to get colon cancer. Screening is your best way to prevent that. Doctors generally recommend getting your first colonoscopy at age 50. You may need to start at age 40 or earlier if someone in your family has had serious polyps or colon cancer. |
df688066bb74713c99606b27fcd8ab7d | What are symptoms of tubular adenomas? | You're more likely to get tubular adenomas if you are: 50 or older Obese Male From a family with history of colon polyps A couch potato You may not know you have tubular adenomas until your doctor finds them during a colonoscopy. But you may notice: Bleeding in your bottom Mucus in your poop Frequent diarrhea or constipation Belly cramps Anemia, from losing blood in your poop During a colonoscopy, your doctor inserts a long, flexible tube with a lens into your rectum and slowly threads it into your colon. |
86f20d4ea607a51144c7480c4f915f0e | How can working around harmful chemicals cause bladder cancer? | People who work in certain industries (painters, machinists, printers, hairdressers, and truck drivers, among others) may be exposed to harmful chemicals for long periods of time. This can increase their risk of disease. |
efc74c27d59b8c471919ba1d083a7f2e | What is the outlook for people with bladder cancer? | The 5-year survival rate for bladder cancer is about 77%. That means that about 7 out of 10 people who are diagnosed with the disease will still be alive 5 years later. But that's just an estimate. Your outcome is based on your unique situation. That includes things like your age, overall health, how early the cancer was found, and how well it responds to treatment. |
4c0c64cc7c3d49a337320d3aad4e5a2d | How can chronic bladder inflammation cause bladder cancer? | If you have bladder infections that keep coming back or another condition that causes your bladder to be irritated for long periods of time, you stand a better chance of getting bladder cancer. |
a0022f547e98c8f6a7e120b3cfd9a991 | What causes bladder cancer? | It accounts for just 5% of all new cancers in the U. S. Doctors aren't sure. But they do know that several things increase your risk for the disease. They include: Genetic makeup, race, and family history. |
b7a807a47dee477a1a943afa6161ea5b | How can genes cause bladder cancer? | Bladder cancer is most common in white men over age 55. If you or someone in your immediate family (parents or siblings) has had cancer of the bladder or the urinary tract before, you're more likely to get it. |
d3a0f07a02b8c5cb91fa846be3b1dadd | How can smoking cause bladder cancer? | Research shows that smoking is the cause of about 50% of all bladder cancers. Working around harmful chemicals. |
bbb34a2564bcf505ee4bf0ae3b5cae71 | Who is at the greatest risk for complications of the flu? | While anyone can get flu, infants, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with chronic ailments such as diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, and HIV are at highest risk for flu complications. Despite advances in flu prevention and treatment, the CDC estimates that deaths related to influenza range from 3,000 to 49,000 deaths in the United States each year. |
f30f43be870801142236501f41a5f23f | Which flu strains are linked to Reye's syndrome? | Widespread outbreaks of Reye's syndrome have occurred with influenza type B and also with chickenpox, but other viruses have been implicated. The risk of Reye's syndrome is increased when taking aspirin, so anyone under age 18 should not take aspirin if they have any viral symptoms or are recovering from the flu or any other virus. |
0ba3e5859b991ac11ba9a904fa611c14 | What is avian or bird flu? | Bird flu, or avian influenza, is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. Bird flu epidemics have occurred worldwide. Bird flu is a leading contender to be the next pandemic flu bug because it has caused an unprecedented epidemic in poultry and wild birds across Asia and Eastern Europe. Still, no one knows for sure whether this will cause the next human flu pandemic. |
72a4aab2e69f2f5715dcdf38ec73d128 | How many different types of colds and flus are there and how are they treated? | More than 100 types of cold viruses are known, and new strains of flu evolve every few years. Since both diseases are viral, antibiotics cannot conquer cold or flu. Remember: Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections. |
27cfaf763037373b6db89790f2414382 | How is the flu prevented? | Specific strains of flu can be prevented by a flu vaccine, either a flu shot or nasal spray flu vaccine. In addition, antiviral medications are available to prevent flu. These drugs may help reduce the severity and the duration of flu and are best used within the first 48 hours of the appearance of flu symptoms. |
64e2b245ff78a9ff988d0de9988cec0d | Where do influenza viruses originate and how do they mutate? | Most influenza viruses that infect humans seem to originate in parts of Asia, where close contact between livestock and people creates a hospitable environment for mutation and transmission of viruses. Swine, or pigs, can catch both avian (meaning from birds, such as poultry) and human forms of a virus and act as hosts for these different viral strains to meet and mutate into new forms. The swine then transmit the new form of the virus to people in the same way in which people infect each other -- by transmitting viruses through droplets in the air that people breathe in. |
c09e3593a991a467af3a8f33c868ed7d | How does CPAP help treat central sleep apnea? | With CPAP, patients wear a mask over their nose and/or mouth. An air blower forces air through the nose and/or mouth. The air pressure is adjusted so that it is just enough to prevent the upper airway tissues from collapsing during sleep. The pressure is constant and continuous. CPAP prevents airway closure while it is being used, but apnea episodes return when CPAP is stopped or is used improperly. |
983a1956dad733fad136bf598602435c | How is central sleep apnea treated? | Some of these conservative treatments include: Losing weight if necessary, and then maintaining a healthy weight Avoiding the use of alcohol and sleeping pills, as these items make the airway more likely to collapse during sleep Sleeping on your side if you have apneic events when sleeping on your back, possibly using pillows or other devices to keep you in place Using nasal sprays or breathing strips to keep air flowing if you have sinus problems or nasal congestion Avoiding sleep deprivation Another treatment is continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP), which is the preferred initial treatment for most people with obstructive sleep apnea. |
c3884f11661bc73f3a00493990f48d68 | What are the symptoms of central sleep apnea? | Conditions that may be associated with central sleep apnea include the following: Congestive heart failure Hypothyroid Disease Kidney failure Neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) Damage to the brainstem caused by encephalitis, stroke, injury, or other factors The main symptom of CSA is temporary stoppages of breathing while asleep. Although snoring is a very strong symptom of obstructive sleep apnea, snoring is usually not found with central sleep apnea. Symptoms may also include: Being very tired during the day Waking up often during the night Having headaches in the early morning Poor memory and difficulty concentrating Mood problems If you have any of these symptoms of central sleep apnea, or if a family member or bed partner notices that you stop breathing while sleeping, you should talk to your doctor or health care provider. |
823412979dade2737df7578df352e259 | What is central sleep apnea? | In CSA, breathing is disrupted regularly during sleep because of the way the brain functions. It is not that you cannot breathe (which is true in obstructive sleep apnea); rather, you do not try to breathe at all. The brain does not tell your muscles to breathe. This type of sleep apnea is usually associated with serious illness, especially an illness in which the lower brainstem -- which controls breathing -- is affected. In infants, central sleep apnea produces pauses in breathing that can last 20 seconds. |
9fba3fd242e34b89d4376e92e1271ba1 | What conditions are associated with central sleep apnea? | Conditions that may be associated with central sleep apnea include the following: Congestive heart failure Hypothyroid Disease Kidney failure Neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) Damage to the brainstem caused by encephalitis, stroke, injury, or other factors The main symptom of CSA is temporary stoppages of breathing while asleep. |
c8e6d1836fface98e60bd9363de22ee8 | How is central sleep apnea diagnosed? | If your doctor suspects you have central sleep apnea, he is likely to perform a physical exam, take a medical history, and recommend a sleep history. The next step will likely be an overnight sleep study called a polysomnogram. This test is performed in a sleep lab under the direct supervision of a trained technologist. During the test, the following body functions may be monitored: Electrical activity of the brain Eye movements Muscle activity Heart rate Breathing patterns Air flow Blood oxygen levels After the study is completed, the technologist will tally the number of times that breathing is impaired during sleep and then grade the severity of sleep apnea. |
24e55f3b5f7f4e123100fb2349169b06 | What are the effects of sleep apnea? | Sleep apnea can cause serious health problems. It can increase the risk for stroke, obesity, diabetes, heart attack, heart failure, irregular heartbeat, and high blood pressure. It may also increase the risk for accidents while working or driving, as some people with sleep apnea may fall asleep during those activities. |
ca4dba460b4940bdc3cf5d54d3a3fc6d | Is it too late for me to get better if I have diabetes? | Maybe you've tried to get there before and got disappointed. Rethink it: Bring your thoughts back to the here and now. Mental health experts say most anxiety comes from worrying about the future. The more you focus on what you can do today, the better. |
ee6f8c7b7c11d8f286f2c40ad1bcdc59 | How can I stop thinking so negatively about my diabetes? | It takes practice to turn your inner voice into your friend instead of your critic. Make it a habit with these tips: Keep a journal. Write down your thoughts. After about a week, read your journal to look for patterns. |
d9023d2de7eacd51c2b9991c06de5924 | How can I tackle diabetes if I keep messing up and binging on food? | Little steps, over time, will move your health in a positive direction. Ask your doctor to help you set small goals along the way to your ultimate goal. You want reachable milestones you can build on. For instance, if you lose a little bit of weight at a time, it can lower your blood sugar levels and blood pressure sooner than you may think. |
9784f803c11a09d4b1cf2c37c30355d4 | How can I tackle diabetes if I keep feeling like I have no time to exercise? | Rethink it: Take it 10 minutes at a time. Tell yourself, â I don't have to do it all at once.â Exercise doesn't have to take a lot of time. Even a little will give you a burst of optimism and energy while it improves your metabolism. Try 10-minute spurts of activity. You won't need to change your clothes. For example, instead of playing solitaire on your phone when you're in a waiting room, ask the attendant if you have time to take a 10-minute walk around the parking lot before your appointment. |
76ea9885763ce81a408d478fd06c46e3 | What should I do if I can't follow my meal plan for my diabetes? | Rethink it: Give yourself credit for your good food choices. It could be that you used to overeat all the time, and now you've had balanced meals most days this week. |
2618a1fc2e7629a73dddd3b05c773dbf | As a diabetic, should I get a personal trainer to exercise? | The more you focus on what you can do today, the better. |
08f31d7a9a0cffbe6645131a2f537fa8 | How can I improve my health if I have diabetes? | Little steps, over time, will move your health in a positive direction. Ask your doctor to help you set small goals along the way to your ultimate goal. You want reachable milestones you can build on. For instance, if you lose a little bit of weight at a time, it can lower your blood sugar levels and blood pressure sooner than you may think. Start slowly. First, learn to eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. |
5088b86f26e4497312401c59836a0fdb | What are symptoms of peripheral artery disease? | It can affect different muscle groups, including: Buttock and hip Calf (most common) Foot (less common) Thigh Some people have a sense of burning or numbness. If you have an advanced form of peripheral artery disease, your toes or feet might hurt even while you're resting. Other signs and symptoms of peripheral artery disease include: Changes in the color of your legs Erectile dysfunction Leg weakness Legs that are cooler than your arms Loss of hair on your legs Fainter pulse in your feet Shiny skin on your legs Slow toenail growth Wounds or sores on your toes or feet that don't heal well You can also have severe blockages with no pain at all. This usually is because your body grows blood vessels around the blockages. |
7ba9ee398578815df0709f84d3159ee7 | Can I prevent peripheral artery disease? | You might get other tests, including: Angiogram, in which your doctor uses a needle to put dye into your bloodstream before taking an X-ray to find blocked arteries Ankle-brachial index, which compares blood pressure in your lower leg and your upper arm Blood tests to check for risk factors like diabetes or high cholesterol Ultrasound to check blood flow and find blocked arteries Some simple things you can do to manage your symptoms and keep peripheral artery disease from getting worse include: Control your cholesterol and blood pressure Eat a healthy diet Exercise Don't smoke You also might need medical treatments including: Angioplasty. |
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