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cbfda189e5e78098263fba76020e9c6b | How can an occupational therapist help my child with ADHD? | He'll evaluate your child at home and school to figure out how his ADHD affects his ability to keep up with things like assignments and regular family life. Then he'll work with your kid to help him get organized and manage his time better. |
cbcf19708ebf8e0ba9bca6bed90d6bcd | How will a psychiatrist help my child with ADHD? | Psychiatrist He can prescribe and manage your kid's medication. Your pediatrician can do the same, of course, but a psychiatrist has the expertise to closely monitor the effects of different drugs. A psychiatrist can also help if your child has some other conditions that sometimes go along with ADHD, such as anxiety, mood disorders, seizures, and sleep problems. |
0579f185d9dccf37086c1bf6cbd2ff43 | How does behavioral therapy help a child with ADHD? | The goal is to help your child change some of the ways he acts. It might be helpful for some practical everyday things like trouble finishing schoolwork. Or the psychologist can show him how to work through emotionally tough events. This kind of therapy can also teach your child to monitor his behavior. He'll learn how to praise himself or give himself rewards when he controls his anger or thinks before acting. |
76097e904ee20f2794bcb4e0cb508be0 | How can a pediatrician help my child with ADHD? | Pediatrician The same doctor that takes care of your child's overall health can treat his ADHD, too. He'll map out an action plan that's based on guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. If your child is 4 to 5 years old, that will likely mean behavior therapy. If he's 6 or older, medicine will also be part of it. Since other conditions sometimes tag along with ADHD, your pediatrician may also test your child for things like anxiety, depression, and learning disorders such as dyslexia. |
1d43c1e8d5403a2fd0ac46ae795fd178 | How will a psychologist help my child with ADHD? | Psychologist He'll give your child tools to manage some of his behavior and emotional problems. He'll show him ways to control angry outbursts, for instance, or stay focused in the classroom. He may also teach your child social skills, like how to wait his turn, share toys, ask for help, or respond to teasing. |
5064b12225944d0158a719293c2cd869 | How can behavioral therapy help my child with ADHD? | The goal is to help your child change some of the ways he acts. It might be helpful for some practical everyday things like trouble finishing schoolwork. Or the psychologist can show him how to work through emotionally tough events. This kind of therapy can also teach your child to monitor his behavior. |
9112e40f1b2c4313ab5beb36034c6fe8 | How can a school support team help my child with ADHD? | School Support Team If ADHD gets in the way of your child's ability to learn, he may qualify for special accommodations under a law known as " Section 504." His teachers and other members of the school staff can help set up an agenda called a "504 plan." It will outline adjustments to the lesson plans for your child, specialized teaching techniques, behavior management methods, and beefed-up parent/teacher collaboration. |
6a196470d526056ceed0ae19b1077e22 | How will an occupational therapist help my child with ADHD? | He'll evaluate your child at home and school to figure out how his ADHD affects his ability to keep up with things like assignments and regular family life. Then he'll work with your kid to help him get organized and manage his time better. |
7f7eb47e9a2a77ac9f64d2e40ae13892 | What factors play into deciding treatment for breast cancer? | Your doctor will also consider the tumor size and grade, the number of hormone receptors in your cancer, and your age before recommending a treatment plan. A large study called the TAILORx trial is under way with women who have a mid-range score. Researchers want more precise information on which types of breast cancer need chemo to stop them from coming back, and which cancers don't. |
91483d5dafebb9f51de57b5e7b63264c | What do the scores mean in an Oncotype DX if you have carcinoma in situ (DCIS)? | If you've been diagnosed with DCIS, the results are called a DCIS score , and the numbers are different: A score of 38 or lower means you have a low risk of cancer returning, and the risks of radiation treatments outweigh any benefits for you. A score between 39-54 means you're at medium risk and it's unclear if radiation will help. A score greater than 54 means you're at high risk of the cancer coming back. You'll likely benefit most from radiation therapy. |
e3168122fc8010f0d688b02cf9e0f56a | How can gene tests help with treating breast cancer? | Other genome tests show promise in helping treat early-stage breast cancer, but more research is needed. Mamma Print looks at 70 different genes within the cells of a breast tumor and helps predict whether cancer is likely to spread beyond the breast. This test can be used for tumors that are ER+ or ER-. The Mammostrat test measures five genes to determine the risk for early-stage hormone receptor-positive disease coming back. The Prosigna assay looks at early-stage hormone receptor-positive disease in postmenopausal women (with up to three positive lymph nodes). It analyzes 58 genes and calculates the risk of cancer coming back somewhere else in the body within 10 years of diagnosis after hormone therapy. |
83eabf3f0ae4ab78544907cbbccdcf77 | What do scores mean in an Oncotype DX test for breast cancer? | The test looks at 21 different genes within the cells of a tumor sample. Certain patterns suggest a more aggressive cancer that is more likely to come back after treatment. The test results show a score between 0 and 100. |
816f51c317f8bad93fd96d98be1e4217 | Who shouldn't take decongestants? | Decongestants can also cause side effects, such as: Nervousness Sleeplessness Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure You shouldn't take decongestants if you have certain health issues, including high blood pressure or heart problems. If you have prostate problems that make it hard to pee, these drugs can make the problem worse. Don't use decongestant nasal sprays for more than 3 days in a row, as they may make your nasal congestion and swelling worse and last longer. Check the drug label for more information about side effects. |
d2242d333a02f58367fdbf30f5308267 | What causes Fournierâs gangrene in children? | Sources of the infection can include: Urinary tract infections Bladder infections Hysterectomies Abscesses (swollen body tissue that contains pus) Piercings In children, the causes can include: Insect bites Burns Circumcision While not actually considered causes of Fournier's gangrene, there are other conditions and medications that experts believe may make you more likely to get this disease, including: Diabetes Alcohol abuse Trauma to the genital area Steroids Chemotherapy HIV Obesity Cirrhosis (a liver disease) A certain type of diabetes medicine called sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 ( SGLT2) inhibitor Doctors can find the cause of Fournier's gangrene in about 90% of the cases. |
90e8f984d2c8e146240cfc89f7ad6910 | What are the symptoms of Fournier's gangrene? | People with Fournier's gangrene can have various symptoms, including: Fever Pain and swelling in the genitals or anal area Unpleasant odor coming from the affected skin tissue Crackling sound when touching the affected area Dehydration Anemia You should see a doctor immediately. |
5b8064804ae015585e8949983ab92d67 | What are some other treatments for Fournier's gangrene? | You may also need reconstructive surgery after your infection is under control. And some people need colostomies (for getting rid of poop) and catheters (for getting rid of pee), depending on the area that's affected. Some people also need hyperbaric oxygen therapy -- this means you are given pure oxygen while in a pressurized room. You may also get a tetanus shot if you have an injury. |
eba5e665c13b1706bccb1d8c65a5388f | How is Fournier's gangrene treated? | People with Fournier's gangrene can have various symptoms, including: Fever Pain and swelling in the genitals or anal area Unpleasant odor coming from the affected skin tissue Crackling sound when touching the affected area Dehydration Anemia You should see a doctor immediately. Treatments include: Antibiotics given by IV (through your veins). Surgery to remove the dead and dying tissue and to confirm the diagnosis. |
6ca1a2e747f139dd5e960c4c5fd70aac | How can I lower my chances of getting Fournier's gangrene? | There are some steps you can take to lower your chances of getting Fournier's gangrene: If you have diabetes, check your genitals and surrounding areas for wounds or signs of infection, as well as for swelling or drainage. If you are obese or even just overweight, try to lose some weight. If you smoke or chew tobacco, stop. Tobacco use can damage blood vessels. To lower your risk of infection, wash open wounds with soap and water and keep them dry and clean until they heal. |
f411c42cbf1b1be206e8a7936f41df0c | How common is Fournierâs gangrene? | Fournier's gangrene is rare. While it's more common in men, women and children also can get it. The disease is most often found in men between the ages of 50 and 60. Men are 10 times more likely than women to have Fournier's gangrene. |
43f274e937440c5842b8ecefab4c99dd | What causes Fournierâs gangrene? | Fournier's gangrene usually happens because of an infection in, or near, your genitals. Sources of the infection can include: Urinary tract infections Bladder infections Hysterectomies Abscesses (swollen body tissue that contains pus) Piercings In children, the causes can include: Insect bites Burns Circumcision While not actually considered causes of Fournier's gangrene, there are other conditions and medications that experts believe may make you more likely to get this disease, including: Diabetes Alcohol abuse Trauma to the genital area Steroids Chemotherapy HIV Obesity Cirrhosis (a liver disease) A certain type of diabetes medicine called sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 ( SGLT2) inhibitor Doctors can find the cause of Fournier's gangrene in about 90% of the cases. |
c37af0045157447cc864ff6929672231 | When should I see a pediatrician about my child's development? | Examples of this can include: Repetitive behaviors like hand-flapping, rocking, jumping, or twirling Constant moving (pacing) and âhyperâ behavior Fixations on certain activities or objects Specific routines or rituals (and getting upset when a routine is changed, even slightly) Extreme sensitivity to touch, light, and sound Not taking part in âmake-believeâ play or imitating others' behaviors Fussy eating habits Lack of coordination, clumsiness Impulsiveness (acting without thinking) Aggressive behavior, both with self and others Short attention span The earlier treatment for autism spectrum disorder begins, the more like it is to be effective. That's why knowing how to identify the signs and symptoms is so important. Make an appointment with your child's pediatrician if he doesn't meet these specific developmental milestones, or if he meets but loses them later on: Smiles by 6 months Imitates facial expressions or sounds by 9 months Coos or babbles by 12 months Gestures (points or waves) by 14 months Speaks with single words by 16 months and uses phrases of two words or more by 24 months Plays pretend or âmake-believeâ by 18 months |
ce39d240629fd2f4628ebab35b5d8f4e | What are common behavioral problems for people with autism? | Examples of this can include: Repetitive behaviors like hand-flapping, rocking, jumping, or twirling Constant moving (pacing) and âhyperâ behavior Fixations on certain activities or objects Specific routines or rituals (and getting upset when a routine is changed, even slightly) Extreme sensitivity to touch, light, and sound Not taking part in âmake-believeâ play or imitating others' behaviors Fussy eating habits Lack of coordination, clumsiness Impulsiveness (acting without thinking) Aggressive behavior, both with self and others Short attention span The earlier treatment for autism spectrum disorder begins, the more like it is to be effective. |
d3041fa9c9bc7ad230b2b1bcc95d3848 | How does depression look different in men and women? | It is common for men to have them also, but the signs of depression in men may be different. Instead of appearing sad, men often can become irritable or aggressive, drink too much, or act recklessly. Men often don't recognize or admit they're depressed, and they are less likely than women to seek help for depression. Also, because the signs of depression in men can look different than they do in women, doctors may not diagnosis it as often. For these reasons, depression in men may often go unidentified and untreated. |
8e07ad72dc1fa10e71681f8ce29c8666 | What are some old ideas about depression in men that need to end? | It's hard to shake the old ideas about depression in men: " Real men don't cry," and "men sure as hell have to always be in control of their feelings." But it's time to add this new idea to the list: Depression is a medical illness that's biologically different from everyday sadness, and it can afflict both men and women. You wouldn't ignore pneumonia or heart disease or diabetes. If you think you might have a clinical depression, be a real man and take care of yourself. Ask for help, and get treated. |
43cd505215cac410fedf07fde5ed1b01 | What is depression, and who gets it? | Depression is a serious but treatable medical condition -- a brain disease -- that can strike anyone. In America, more than 6 million men have depression each year. If left untreated, it can result in personal, family, and financial problems. The most serious consequence of depression in men is suicide. Men are four times more likely than women to commit suicide. |
31b80d585707d6ebc855fc5738cc792b | What are the signs of a more serious reaction to poison ivy, oak, and sumac? | Don't use any of these: Antihistamine creams or lotions Anesthetic creams with benzocaine Antibiotic creams with neomycin or bacitracin Some people have a more serious reaction to poison ivy, oak, or sumac. Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice any of these problems: Temperature over 100 F Pus on the rash Soft yellow scabs Itching that gets worse or keeps you up at night The rash spreads to your eyes, mouth, or genital area Your rash doesn't get better within a few weeks Your doctor may prescribe an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone. She may also give you a steroid cream to apply to your skin. If the rash becomes infected, you may need to take an oral antibiotic. |
49bed7251615d4f81b090be1ebc66e90 | What do I need to know about treatments for poison ivy, oak, and sumac? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you think your skin rubbed up against one of the poisonous plants, wash the area thoroughly with soap and cool water right away. The sooner you clean your skin, the more likely you'll be able to remove the oils that cause an allergic reaction. It's also a good idea to wash all clothes and shoes that may have touched one of the plants, too. A rash due to poison ivy, oak, or sumac may show up right away. But sometimes it can take a few days after you had contact with the plant for a rash to appear. |
527b64bdafdc4bab9f6646a4598d678e | When should I get emergency care for poison ivy, oak, and sumac? | If you have a severe reaction to poison ivy, oak, or sumac, you should go to the emergency room right away. Some signs that you need medical help quickly are: Trouble breathing Difficulty swallowing An eyelid swells shut Rash on your face or genitals Your skin itches everywhere, and nothing makes it feel better |
39475edff776ff90e35ad7228f858fce | How are social and emotional developmental delays in children treated? | There is no known cure for these conditions. However, treatment may include: special types of behavioral and skill-oriented therapy medication may help some problematic behaviors As with most types of delays, early treatment can make a big difference in the progress your child makes. Depending upon the diagnosis, treatment may also include play therapy or steps to aid attachment between parent and child. |
1a275d4e2a842abc1a2ec67f246151dd | What are cognitive developmental delays in children? | By 3 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not smile at people does not pay attention to new faces, or seems frightened by them By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: refuses to cuddle shows no affection for parents or caregivers shows no enjoyment around people cannot be comforted at night (after 5 months) does not smile without prompting (by 5 months) does not laugh or squeal (by 6 months) shows no interest in games of peek-a-boo (by 8 months) By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: shows no back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or facial expressions (at 9 months) shows no back-and-forth gestures, such as waving, reaching, or pointing Problems with thinking, or cognitive delays, may be due to one or more of these reasons: genetic defects significant medical problems before birth exposure to something harmful in the environment, such as a toxin neglect Possible causes. |
23eef446314d8fa651d20f1583c61272 | How are language and speech developmental delays in children treated? | If you or your child's doctor suspects a speech delay, a referral will be placed for an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist. This specialist may test your child's hearing, assess your child's receptive and expressive language and then plan for speech therapy sessions with your child. If the delay is mild, the specialist or doctor may suggest that you: communicate more with your child -- talk, sing, and encourage repetition read daily to your child reinforce speech and language throughout the day get treatment for middle ear infections Warning signs of speech or language delays. |
c6ff7d3664da79f9638a44006e387661 | What causes cognitive developmental delays in children? | Causes of cognitive delays include: a wide range of different learning disabilities exposure to alcohol or toxins before birth or afterward, including lead poisoning institutionalization or neglect during infancy or early childhood Down syndrome and other genetic disorders autism spectrum disorder severe newborn medical problems no known cause Types of treatment for cognitive delays. |
0beb38b06d475e9dd3d9120cf11ae4dd | What are the types of treatment for vision developmental delays in children? | Early treatment can help correct many vision problems. Depending on the eye problem your child has, he or she may need: glasses or contact lenses special glasses surgery an eye patch Warning signs of vision problems. |
3c72df1e36e618189587466b7cd6e5ab | What are possible causes of social and emotional developmental delays in children? | Some causes of social and emotional delays include: neglect from early institutionalization or parental neglect ineffective parenting or attachment problems cognitive delays an unknown cause Another common cause of social and emotional developmental delays fall under the umbrella diagnosis autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). This was previously referred to as pervasive developmental disorder ( PDD), autism, asperger's and other names. ASD includes disorders that can cause a child have difficulty communicating, have repetitive behaviors and have language problems. |
2ec97d1689e3cee74680e3f78a7a3be5 | What causes language and speech developmental delays in children? | A variety of problems may cause language and speech delays, including: exposure to more than one language -- which can cause mild delays in toddlers but not delays by the time they reach school age a learning disability child abuse or neglect a problem with the muscles controlling speech -- a disorder called dysarthria hearing loss, which may occur in children who have severe middle ear infections or occur as a result of certain medications, trauma, or genetic disorders autism spectrum disorders -- a group of neurological disorders that may involve impaired communication as well as impaired social interaction and cognitive skills no cause can be found Types of treatment. |
46df839b070cacb8d540ca04bbbd4962 | What are motor skill developmental delays in children? | Motor skill developmental delays may be related to problems with gross motor skills, such as crawling or walking, or fine motor skills, such as using fingers to grasp a spoon. |
d4d7f3f7224a3d1bc741d7170f93ef6f | What are possible causes of motor skill developmental delays in children? | Children who are born prematurely may not develop muscles at the same rate as other children. Other possible causes of motor delays include: ataxia, a defect that impairs muscle coordination cerebral palsy, a condition caused by brain damage before birth cognitive delays myopathy, a disease of the muscles problems with vision spina bifida, a genetic condition causing partial or total paralysis of the lower part of the body Types of treatment for motor skill delays. |
f59ddfd0cdd92b89f8188b912d83f21f | What are the types of developmental delay in children? | There are many different types of developmental delays in infants and young children. They include problems with: language or speech vision movement -- motor skills social and emotional skills thinking -- cognitive skills Sometimes, a delay occurs in many or all of these areas. |
3953a31080c9eaa31dd8063ba7ea8615 | Are language and speech developmental delays common in children? | Speech delays in toddlers are common. In fact, language and speech problems are the most common type of developmental delay. Speech refers to verbal expression, including the way words are formed. Language is a broader system of expressing and receiving information, such as being able to understand gestures. |
67f5dc55d41b98dbcf81dda914878d67 | What are vision developmental delays in children? | By 3 to 4 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to loud noises does not babble begins babbling but does not try to imitate sounds (by 4 months) By 7 months, contact the doctor if your child: does not respond to sounds By 1 year, contact the doctor if your child: does not use any single words (like "mama") does not understand words like "bye bye'' or "no" By 2 years, contact the doctor if your child: cannot speak at least 15 words does not use two-word phrases without repetition; can only imitate speech does not use speech to communicate more than immediate needs Until 6 months, a newborn's vision is normally blurry. Then it improves as the child begins to coordinate sight in both eyes. However, sometimes this does not happen or other vision problems show up. |
6b45fd9b9b8ca72bd73b4befe10b8595 | Can kegel exercises help treat bladder spasms? | Kegels and other forms of physical therapy help strengthen and relax the bladder and other muscles that help the body hold in urine. Kegels, combined with biofeedback, are often a good way to help reduce bladder spasms in children. To tighten your pelvic muscles, squeeze your muscles in the same way as if you were trying to stop the flow of urine or prevent yourself from passing gas. Kegel exercises take practice, and tightening the wrong muscles can put more pressure on your bladder. Ask your doctor for specific instructions. |
4930506613bc7d737c607089a36fe742 | Are there complementary and alternative therapies for bladder spasms? | Acupuncture. Some research has suggested that bladder-specific acupuncture may significantly reduce bladder muscle contractions and the urge to use the bathroom. Biofeedback. Biofeedback is a method that teaches the mind how to control normally automated body functions. Bladder training is a type of biofeedback. Some doctors believe biofeedback and behavioral changes work better than medicines for treating urge incontinence. |
3a57ea9813d51dbba4ca303741cf086c | Can foods or drinks cause bladder spasms? | Medications that commonly cause bladder spasms include: Bethanechol (urecholine) A chemotherapy drug called valrubicin ( Valstar) Medicines called diuretics, such as furosemide ( Lasix) or hydrochlorothiazide, which help the body remove excess water What you eat or drink can sometimes bother a fragile bladder and cause it to go into a spasm. This is especially true in patients who have a condition called interstitial cystitis. Spicy, acidic, or citrusy foods and the chemicals in certain preservatives and food additives may irritate the lining of the bladder in some people. Such products may include: Alcohol Artificial sweeteners Caffeinated beverages such as soda, coffee, and tea Chocolate Citrus fruits and drinks, such as oranges and orange juice Pickled foods Tomatoes How your doctor treats your bladder spasms depends on what exactly is causing your painful symptoms. |
77c60eca219bd6cbce17e0d0a2a9e76a | Who gets bladder spasms? | Anyone at any age can have bladder spasms. In children, bladder spasms (also called pediatric unstable bladder or uninhibited bladder) are the leading cause of daytime incontinence. However, you are more likely to have bladder spasms with urine leakage if you: Are elderly Are going through menopause Have diabetes Are obese Recently had a baby or are pregnant Have a urinary tract infection Have recently had lower abdominal or pelvic surgery Have bladder muscle damage caused by disease or injury Have a neurologic disease such as stroke or spinal cord injury There are a number of different causes of bladder spasms. |
67689121c4b34c2bc195860b4afaa68e | When should you see your doctor about bladder spasms? | Call your doctor if you have: Pain or cramping in your pelvic or lower abdominal area Pain or burning while urinating Urgent or frequent need to use the bathroom Leakage of urine Blood in your urine If you have or think you are having bladder spasms, it is important that you see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. Your symptoms may be due to an infection that can be treated. In rare cases, bladder spasms may be a sign of a serious underlying condition. |
ce819deba8120772846f574bff4ccda4 | Can nervous system disorders and injuries cause bladder spasms? | Nervous system disorders and injury that can cause bladder spasms include: Brain tumor Cerebral palsy Herpes zoster infection that affects the nerves in the sacrum Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Multiple system atrophy ( Shy- Drager syndrome) Spinal cord injury Stroke that has caused brain damage Diabetic neuropathy (when the nerves are damaged by longstanding diabetes) Surgery to the lower abdominal area may weaken the bladder or pelvic floor muscles, or cause damage to the nerves that control the bladder. |
ddf7ce119fc5a0660ca533bf39e53a79 | Can pain medicines and sedatives treat bladder spasms? | These may be given to patients who have catheter-related bladder spasms after surgery. But they don't always take away all the discomfort. Some research suggests that a prescription anti-inflammatory medicine called ketorolac may help relieve or prevent catheter- or surgery-related bladder spasms in children. |
c1b070cc9eef8d54dda83947faa7c88a | Can electrical stimulation implants treat bladder spasms? | This is placed under the skin to deliver gentle electrical pulses to the bladder at regularly timed intervals. Your doctor may recommend this therapy if you have severe bladder spasms and urge incontinence that does not get better with other treatments. |
5d11166723137d48d193bee5278d56fc | Can TENS treat bladder spasms? | Electrical stimulation through the skin (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENS) sends mild electrical pulses to the bladder through patches applied to the skin. It's believed the electric signals help you feel better by increasing blood flow and releasing hormones that block pain. |
cca55b408dceb2eb02255388f4e0b0b8 | Can Botox help with bladder spasms? | Botox prevents nerves from releasing chemicals that tell muscles to contract. The Botox is injected directly into the bladder muscle wall. |
261e90d34cea2ddc389fb3191169167a | Are there medicines for bladder spasms? | The most commonly prescribed drugs to relax the bladder and prevent spasms are called anticholinergics. They include tolterodine tartrate ( Detrol LA), oxybutynin chloride ( Ditropan), darifenacin ( Enablex), mirabegron ( Myrbetriq), oxybutynin ( Oxytrol), trospium chloride ( Sanctura XR), and solifenacin ( Vesicare). Common side effects are constipation and dry mouth. An antidepressant called imipramine hydrochloride ( Tofranil) also helps relax the bladder and reduces bladder spasms. Medicines called alpha-blockers (such as terazosin or doxazosin) may be given to help the bladder relax and allow the bladder to empty completely. |
7cd1585987647654c5b8137d8c84ae6a | What are side effects of hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis? | These reactions generally are mild and do not last long. You should not take this product if you have had an allergic reaction to hyaluronan products in the past. Corticosteroid Injections Name How It's Given Methylprednisolone acetate 1 injection (can be repeated every 3 months, but should be limited as much as possible; no more than 4 times a year) Triamcinolone 1 injection (can be repeated every 3 months, but should be limited as much as possible) * Relief from higher doses may last 16 to 24 weeks. Side effects include short-term pain flare-up, flushing of the face, thinning of skin or fat near the injection site, and risk of serious allergic reaction. |
c2830ea5c3b6d6597585fabe21a43a00 | When should I avoid both types of injections for osteoarthritis? | For Both Types of Injections You should not have an injection into the knee if you have a knee joint infection or skin diseases or infections around the injection site. |
d30c8a190e80ff9bd992b896cc5a4173 | What causes low vision? | It's the result of a variety of conditions and injuries. Age is also a factor. Eye problems like macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, and optic neuropathy are more common among people over 45 and even more so if you're over 65. |
69c93b1bc1d0f083ea46b1450915ca9a | What conditions count as low vision? | The condition includes different degrees of sight loss. You might have a blind spot or an almost complete loss of sight. The Academy of Ophthalmology divides low vision into two categories based on the vision in your best eye: Partially sighted: Your vision is between 20/40 and 20/200 with conventional prescription lenses. Legally blind : Your vision is no better than 20/200 with conventional correction, or you have a restricted field of vision less than 20 degrees wide. |
2bcbd4f9386a1523d69993950219fd18 | How do you know if you have low vision? | Besides age-related retinal conditions, other possible causes include: Glaucoma Diabetes Cancer of the eye Albinism Stroke Eye trauma Brain injury You'll need an eye exam. Make an appointment with your eye doctor if vision troubles prevent you from daily activities like reading, travel, cooking, work, watching television, or school. Your eye doctor will use lighting, magnifiers, and special charts to test your visual acuity, depth perception, and visual fields. |
3f7f4c9415911048f2bf02f54f1b6346 | Can low vision be treated? | Some sight disorders, like diabetic retinopathy, can be treated to restore or maintain vision. When this isn't an option, low vision is permanent. However, many people with low vision find visual aids helpful. Popular products include: Telescopic glasses Lenses that filter light Magnifying glasses Handheld and freestanding magnifiers Closed-circuit television/video magnification Reading prisms Non-optical aids designed for people with low vision are also very helpful. |
0d4a433e6061450ec4f6d3d45f0411a8 | Do environmental factors play a role in Crohn's disease? | Environmental factors may help trigger Crohn's disease. Also, it should be noted that because a potential trigger is linked or associated to a condition does not mean that it causes it. Associated environmental factors may include any of the following: Substances from something you've eaten Microbes such as bacteria or viruses Cigarette smoke Other substances that are yet unknown Environmental factors may contribute to Crohn's disease in one of these two ways: They may trigger an immune system response. |
68af082bb19380065f283da0af79d194 | Who is most likely to have Crohn's disease? | Brothers, sisters, children, and parents of persons with IBD, including Crohn's disease, are slightly more likely to develop the disease themselves. About 10% to 20% of people with Crohn's disease have at least one other family member who also has the disease. The condition is more common in certain ethnic groups, such as Jews, and is more prevalent in Caucasians. |
c94b7b80cc5d40905446a4720acf714f | What do scientists think causes Crohn's disease? | Scientists believe that Crohn's disease is caused by a combination of these factors: Immune system problems Genetics Environmental factors How might each of these factors contribute to Crohn's disease? |
895f7a154397e18e7e27578c6d9582f5 | What can I do to control Crohn's disease? | The factors involved in causing Crohn's disease are complex. Scientists continue to seek more information about the causes -- in hopes of finding better ways to diagnose, treat, and perhaps even cure this frustrating and painful disease. In the meantime, understanding current theories about the causes of Crohn's disease can help you work with your doctor to explore how various treatments might work to control this condition. |
aeac90f82de0d7807daf636cc3a36614 | Is Crohn's disease passed genetically? | Scientists have identified a gene associated with Crohn's disease. This gene helps the body decide how to react to certain microbes. If the gene has changed or mutated in some way, your body's reaction to microbes may also be different from the normal reaction. Over time, IBD or Crohn's disease may develop. People with Crohn's disease have this mutated gene twice as often as people who do not have the disease. |
2ff8bc7111671ace7b53da374fb8e9b5 | How many people with Crohn's disease will require another surgery? | In about half of adults who have a resection to treat Crohn's disease, the disease recurs (comes back) within 5 years. The recurrence is normally near the site of the joining of two sections of healthy bowel -- anastomosis -- or at the site of the ileostomy. The risk of recurrence may be lessened by taking medication to reduce inflammation. These medications include drugs that manipulate the immune system response. These drugs are known as immunomodulators r biologic medications. . Often, recurrent Crohn's disease needs treatment that involves only medication. But about half of people who get recurrent Crohn's disease will need another operation. |
c6f14327bbbea8ac86e0ecff942ff3b4 | What are some medications that treat Crohn's disease? | When Crohn's disease is active, treatment has three objectives: Relieve symptoms Control inflammation Get proper nutrition Medications are generally the first step in treating Crohn's disease. A partial list of these drugs includes: Anti-inflammatories Antibiotics Antidiarrheal medicine Immune suppressors, including: Corticosteroids Immunomodulators - azathioprine ( Imuran), 6- MPBiologic Medications - infliximab ( Remicade), adulimumab For people with nutrition problems, doctors often prescribe supplements. |
3e3f3d6b2c7ad01224812f51df4dcd4e | How does a colectomy treat Crohn's disease? | Colectomy is the removal of the entire colon. This might be done if the disease is severe and extensive enough. It may be possible to connect the rectum to the small intestine -- ileum -- if the rectum is not affected by Crohn's disease. |
10d84fcaf6e00b18b7ed751ef66b0b32 | How long can remission last with Crohn's disease? | People with Crohn's disease have periods of severe symptoms. These are followed by periods with no symptoms when the disease is in remission. With Crohn's disease, remission can last for weeks or even years. But there is no way to know when a remission will happen or when symptoms will return. |
c0fdf2fade4590e0b21dc29d1f03b7cd | What are the complications of Crohn's disease that might require surgery? | People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood. |
f92bfd3a4717ad29c7f7a8bf1b7ceefd | How does strictureplasty treat Crohn's disease? | Crohn's disease in the small intestine often shows up in alternating areas of the bowel. As a result, a diseased portion of the bowel is connected to a disease-free portion. Strictureplasty is a surgical procedure to widen the narrow area of the small intestine in a portion that is affected by the disease. No part of the intestine is removed. |
05b59db642503cf5bd5f45ac9794229e | What are the risks of recurrence for Crohn's disease? | In about half of adults who have a resection to treat Crohn's disease, the disease recurs (comes back) within 5 years. The recurrence is normally near the site of the joining of two sections of healthy bowel -- anastomosis -- or at the site of the ileostomy. |
d6dd7c9e66fe8d639fd616670a0ee4c4 | What complications of Crohn's disease might require surgery? | People who have the following complications may need surgery: The formation of a stricture (a scar), which is a narrowing in the bowel that can cause obstructions (blockages) Extensive bleeding in the intestine A hole, or perforation, in the bowel wall The formation of a fistula, a connection between two parts of the body that do not normally connect An abscess, a pocket of pus caused by infection A condition known as toxic megacolon, in which the colon, or large intestine, is severely stretched out and toxins spread through your blood. |
1517dde7a9c4a33b7090f55a22d4e2da | What parts of the body does Crohn's disease commonly affect? | Crohn's disease most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine, known as the ileum. But it can happen in any part of the large or small intestine, stomach, esophagus, or even the mouth. It can happen at any age, but it's most common between the ages of 15 and 30. |
e10250aa8a026d6edd1b244ded488434 | How can clinical trials help with stage I breast cancer? | Clinical trials are something else to consider. They're open to many women with stage I cancer, and they may allow you access to cutting-edge treatments. Talk to your doctor to find out more about them. |
7d259bbbc1e57b8757eac3966c518cc1 | How is surgery used to treat stage I breast cancer? | Surgery is standard treatment for this stage. Since the tumor is small, you may have a lumpectomy -- just the tumor and some of the tissue around it are removed. Some women get a mastectomy, in which the whole breast is removed. In either case, the surgeon will likely take out one or more lymph nodes. After a mastectomy, you might choose to have breast reconstruction surgery. |
013cfe0e18d4691fe4be22808d3fed31 | How is hormone therapy used to treat stage I breast cancer? | Hormone therapy is a good option after surgery for women who have tumors that use hormones to grow, called hormone receptor-positive cancer. Medication can help prevent tumors from getting hormones. These drugs include tamoxifen for all women, and anastrozole ( Arimidex), exemestane ( Aromasin), and letrozole ( Femara) for postmenopausal women. Women who haven't reached menopause may consider having their ovaries removed to stop making hormones that help cancer grow. |
9d5fe3270a621f3e166dae92bc9f6a8e | How is radiation therapy used to treat stage I breast cancer? | Radiation therapy can kill cancer cells that were missed. It's usually given after a lumpectomy. Women with stage I cancer who get a mastectomy sometimes need radiation, too. |
d647120e11a234a0d28d5498920b5c1d | How common is bedwetting? | About 40% of 3-year-olds wet the bed. |
b843ec3a2e5f20537edc20180a74dc4b | What should I tell my child during bedwetting treatment? | Assure your child that bedwetting in children is common. It's nothing to be ashamed of and almost all children eventually outgrow it. Make sure siblings understand this as well. Don't allow them to tease the bedwetter. |
dd5024e406b827eb2c259901bef1a18f | Can a stress test cause discomfort? | Tell them if you feel: Chest or arm discomfort Short of breath Dizzy Lightheaded Any other unusual symptoms It's normal for your heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and perspiration to increase during the test. |
e9826ef9ab61f91be249bb21cc98984a | How long does an exercise stress test appointment last? | Although the appointment lasts about 60 minutes, the exercise time is usually between 7 and 12 minutes. |
1c81d620b496f0478e5374e9852c9a3c | What should I wear the day of a stress test? | Wear soft-soled shoes suitable for walking and comfortable clothes. Don't bring valuables. |
03235952d98e45c4e82044def07defdf | What is a dobutamine or adenosine stress test? | Dobutamine or adenosine stress test: This is for people unable to exercise. You'll take a drug to make the heart respond as if you were exercising. This way, the doctor can still determine if there are blockages in the arteries. |
707e195110e008a232ba63c6621033cd | What is a nuclear stress test? | Nuclear stress test: This helps figure out which parts of the heart are not working well. A small amount of radioactive substance will be injected into you. Your doctor will use a special camera to see rays emitted from the substance in your body. This will give him clear pictures of the heart tissue on a monitor. These pictures are done at rest and after exercise. Your doctor will be able to spot areas of your heart that aren't getting enough blood. The test could last to up to 4 hours to allow enough time for the radioactive substance to flow through your body. |
ec1c61a771cba6759e62e986f228ef0e | What happens after an exercise stress test? | After the test, you'll walk or pedal slowly for a couple of minutes to cool down. Your heart rate, blood pressure, and EKG will continue to be monitored until the levels begin returning to normal. |
e4ec5eeb5200bd0fb5065ecda13cdd7d | Why do I need an exercise stress test? | Your doctor uses the test to: Help to assess symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath or palpitations, to determine whether they are coming from the heart See if enough blood flows to your heart as you get more active Learn how your heart medications are working Find out if it's likely that you have coronary heart disease and need more testing Identify abnormal heart rhythms See how well your heart valves are working Help you develop a safe exercise program Don't eat or drink anything except water for 4 hours before the test. |
6341eaa0feac691a07ed96b1902fea96 | How is central diabetes insipidus treated? | If your central DI is mild, the treatment for central DI is simple: Drink more water. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe desmopressin or DDAVP, which is a type of vasopressin. Desmopressin controls urine output, maintains fluid balance, and prevents dehydration. You take it two to three times a day, usually as a nasal spray, tablets, or injections. Carry your medication with you and avoid situations where you can't get water. It's also a good idea to wear "medic alert" jewelry, or keep a note with you about your condition, so that health care workers know about it. |
532000faa4a7e54758484d21511e0dcf | What are the symptoms of central diabetes insipidus in children? | People with central DI usually have the following symptoms: Frequent urination -- more than 3 liters of urine a day Frequent nighttime awakening to pee Involuntary urination during sleep (bed-wetting) Pale, colorless urine Low measured concentration of urine Extreme thirst -- often drinking more than 1 gallon of liquid per day In severe cases, or if a person can't get enough liquid to drink, central diabetes insipidus can cause: Dehydration Confusion Loss of consciousness Symptoms of central DI in children may be: Low energy Irritability Slow growth Weight loss Fever Vomiting A checkup may not show any signs of central DI, except perhaps for an enlarged bladder or symptoms of dehydration. |
dc1daa216c6c5afebf36de70f4729f37 | What can central diabetes insipidus cause? | People with central DI usually have the following symptoms: Frequent urination -- more than 3 liters of urine a day Frequent nighttime awakening to pee Involuntary urination during sleep (bed-wetting) Pale, colorless urine Low measured concentration of urine Extreme thirst -- often drinking more than 1 gallon of liquid per day In severe cases, or if a person can't get enough liquid to drink, central diabetes insipidus can cause: Dehydration Confusion Loss of consciousness Symptoms of central DI in children may be: Low energy Irritability Slow growth Weight loss Fever Vomiting A checkup may not show any signs of central DI, except perhaps for an enlarged bladder or symptoms of dehydration. |
2a2f2b3e4547684dc11b3445bbd64811 | What are the symptoms of central diabetes insipidus? | People with central DI usually have the following symptoms: Frequent urination -- more than 3 liters of urine a day Frequent nighttime awakening to pee Involuntary urination during sleep (bed-wetting) Pale, colorless urine Low measured concentration of urine Extreme thirst -- often drinking more than 1 gallon of liquid per day In severe cases, or if a person can't get enough liquid to drink, central diabetes insipidus can cause: Dehydration Confusion Loss of consciousness Symptoms of central DI in children may be: Low energy Irritability Slow growth Weight loss Fever Vomiting A checkup may not show any signs of central DI, except perhaps for an enlarged bladder or symptoms of dehydration. |
f6fb402cb166c187809e70bf45b9f447 | What should you check for when avoiding sugar to avoid high cholesterol? | And here are common added sugars to check for: Brown sugar Corn sweeteners and syrup Dextrose and fructose Fruit juice concentrates Glucose High fructose corn syrup Lactose Maltose Sucrose Foods that have one or more of those things listed high on the ingredient list may have a lot of sugar. |
4d2c76f801e649dd46efbec6906332c0 | How can you lower your cholesterol? | Naturally cholesterol-free and low-fat, fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a good diet. |
044657b6b580a230bb69dfa7991c2f6c | Which whole grains should you buy to avoid high cholesterol? | Whole grains: Oats, quinoa, barley, and whole wheat offer up fiber, complex carbohydrates, and protein. Look for breads, pastas, and cereals made with a variety of whole grains. |
8e5f188b02bbae4f284ba36e556456b8 | What is the best way to manage hair loss due to radiation therapy? | Some people choose to cut their hair short before treatment begins to make less weight on the hair shaft. If you lose hair on top of your head, be sure to wear a hat or a scarf to protect your scalp from the sun when you go outside. If you decide to buy a wig, ask the doctor to write a prescription for one and check to see if it's covered by your insurance or is a tax-deductible expense. |
c5af9a12e345826b497c639fbfb7ba0a | What are other possible early side effects from radiation therapy? | Other early side effects you might have usually depend on where you get the radiation. |
efb9c73c9c22f4409e2f0f01de5fe370 | What should you know about radiation therapy? | When you get radiation therapy, you'll work with a doctor who specializes in this type of medicine. It's important to talk with her about how the treatment might make you feel and what you can do to feel better. If the therapy makes you uncomfortable, speak up. If you keep your health team informed, they can help you get through treatment. |
529c395ac477476bf8d8e8e4d9c1eb9c | How can radiation therapy affect men? | But if you want to have kids later on, you should talk with your doctor to see if you should use a sperm bank before treatment begins. Treatment to the pelvis can make sex painful for some women and can also cause scarring that makes the vagina less able to stretch. In men, radiation can affect the nerves and blood vessels that control erections. |
c28d775b435509d58d6df5d4b175f43f | When do late side effects from radiation therapy happen? | These problems happen when radiation damages your body. For example, scar tissue can affect the way your lungs or your heart works. Bladder, bowel, fertility, and sexual problems can start after radiation to your belly or pelvis. |
a73fdb7be238cf7abd37d288de1ef7d0 | How can you keep a healthy diet while having radiation therapy? | Eating Problems Radiation therapy to the head, neck, or parts of the digestive system can make you lose your appetite. But it's important to keep eating a healthy diet while you're having treatment to keep your body strong. Try eating five or six small meals spread out through the day instead of three large ones. Try new recipes or foods. Keep healthy snacks on hand. It will help you eat when you're hungry rather than waiting for mealtimes and maybe losing your appetite. |
c534daaffe8c53939eea4a64eb4a9f04 | How can you manage nausea from radiation therapy? | Nausea Radiation to the head, neck, and any part of the digestive tract can cause nausea and vomiting. Let your doctor know if that happens. She can give you medicine to control it. Also, you might be able to learn relaxation techniques and biofeedback to help control and reduce feelings of nausea. |
8ec8c0c45a531135685250e8814acc7b | What mouth problems can radiation therapy cause? | Mouth Problems Before you start radiation to your head or neck, see your dentist for a thorough exam. Radiation can cause problems in your mouth that include: Mouth sores (little cuts or ulcers) Lack of saliva Thick saliva Trouble swallowing Jaw stiffness Tell your cancer team about any of these problems so they can help you feel better. |
6f0287b1d827d6f74955fd0059e11ebe | How can you manage diarrhea from radiation therapy? | Diarrhea Radiation therapy to your belly can cause diarrhea, which typically starts a few weeks after therapy begins. The doctor will likely prescribe medications to help control it. She'll also suggest changes in your diet, such as eating small meals more often, avoiding high-fiber foods, and getting enough potassium. |
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