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28548 | 17074147 | [
{
"id": "28549",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ The effects of antidepressant treatment on efficacy of antihypertensive therapy in elderly hypertension ] . OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of antidepressant treatment on antihypertensive therapy of senile hypertension . METHODS 138 cases of senile hypertension complicating with depression were studied . 103 senile hypertensive patients without depression in the same period served as controls . The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups as A , B and C for study . 12.5 mg/d hydrochlorothiazide and 30 mg/d release-controlling tablets of nifedipine were orally administrated as basic antihypertensive medication each group . Besides , 20 mg/d fluoxetine was additionally given to groups A and one tablet of almitrine l/d and 20 mg oryzanol 3/d were given to group B . The treatment lasted 12 weeks . RESULTS In comparison with pre-treatment , the blood pressure at base line in sitting position and the average circadian SBP and DBP monitored with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( ABPM ) was remarkably decreased in group A with statistical significance ( P < 0.01 ) . These blood pressure parameters in group B were also decreased as compared ith the pretreatment level brt with less statistical significance ( P > 0.05 ) . It was also noted tha with the addition of antidepressant fluoxetine , the manifestations of depression ere alleviated as shown by Hamilton depression ( HAMD ) scale . untoward reactions such as nausea , perspiration and skin rash were noted in a few patients , but none withdrew from the study . CONCLUSIONS Antidepressant and antianxiety treatment is of benefit to the antihypertensive therapy in senile hypertensive patients with complications of depression and/or anxiety neurosis . Based on the results of this study , it is suggested that routine administration of antidepressants and antianxiety drugs should be carried out in senile hypertensive patients complicating with depression or anxiety ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1954
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28550",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antidepressant treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28553",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluoxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
654,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28554",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"almitrine l/d"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28555",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oryzanol 3/d"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28556",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"average circadian SBP and DBP monitored with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( ABPM )"
],
"offsets": [
[
914,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28560",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28561",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28562",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Hamilton depression ( HAMD ) scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1381,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28563",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea , perspiration and skin rash"
],
"offsets": [
[
1445,
1480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28564",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28565",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28566",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"senile hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28567",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"138"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28568",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"senile hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28569",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28570",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"103"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28571",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"senile hypertensive patients without depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28572",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"senile hypertensive patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28573 | 17076630 | [
{
"id": "28574",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparative analysis of the effects of the fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide versus latanoprost plus timolol on ocular hemodynamics and visual function in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma . AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide and latanoprost plus timolol on retinal , choroidal , and retrobulbar hemodynamics and visual function in primary open-angle glaucoma ( OAG ) subjects . METHODS Sixteen ( 16 ) OAG patients ( age , 63.5 +/- 10.8 years ; 9 male ) were evaluated in a randomized , crossover , double-blind study design after 4 weeks of treatment of latanoprost with timolol and fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide . After randomization , 9 right eyes and 7 left eyes were included in the hemodynamic portion of the study . Measurements included : adverse events check , visual acuity , contrast sensitivity , blood pressure , heart rate , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , and fundus examination . Ocular blood flow was assessed using confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmetry , color Doppler imaging , and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy . RESULTS Both therapies were effective at lowering IOP , whereas there was no statistically significant difference between latanoprost plus timolol and the fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide ( 13.9 % and 12.2 % reduction , respectively ; P = 0.5533 ) . Fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide significantly increased central retinal artery end diastolic blood flow velocity ( P = 0.0168 ) and lowered resistance to flow ( P = 0.0279 ) . Temporal posterior ciliary artery peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were significantly increased with the fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide ( P = 0.0125 and 0.0238 , respectively ) . Latanoprost plus timolol had no significant effects on ocular blood flow during 4 weeks of treatment . There were no statistically significant differences in adverse events , blood pressure , heart rate , visual acuity , contrast sensitivity scanning laser ophthalmoscopy , or Heidelberg Retinal Flowmeter for any treatment period . CONCLUSIONS Fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide therapy might increase blood flow in OAG patients while attaining a similar IOP reduction compared to latanoprost plus timolol . Visual function , however , was not different in this short-term comparison between the two treatments ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2415
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination of timolol and dorzolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28576",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"timolol and dorzolamide and latanoprost plus timolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28577",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"latanoprost with timolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28578",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"timolol and dorzolamide ."
],
"offsets": [
[
692,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination of timolol and dorzolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28580",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Latanoprost plus timolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1792,
1816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28581",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ocular hemodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28582",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual function"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28583",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"retinal , choroidal , and retrobulbar hemodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28584",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events check"
],
"offsets": [
[
849,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28585",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28586",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"contrast sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
908
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28587",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
911,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28588",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28589",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraocular pressure ( IOP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
969
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28590",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fundus examination"
],
"offsets": [
[
976,
994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28591",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Ocular blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28592",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IOP"
],
"offsets": [
[
964,
967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28593",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"central retinal artery end diastolic blood flow velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28594",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resistance to flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1553,
1571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28595",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Temporal posterior ciliary artery peak systolic and end diastolic velocities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1589,
1665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28596",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ocular blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1847,
1864
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28597",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
849,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28598",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
911,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28599",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28600",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28601",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"contrast sensitivity scanning laser ophthalmoscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2013,
2063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28602",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heidelberg Retinal Flowmeter"
],
"offsets": [
[
2069,
2097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28603",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28604",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IOP"
],
"offsets": [
[
964,
967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28605",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Visual function"
],
"offsets": [
[
2311,
2326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28606",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with primary open-angle glaucoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28607",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary open-angle glaucoma ( OAG ) subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28608",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixteen ( 16 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28609",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"age , 63.5 +/- 10.8 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28610",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"9"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28611",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28612",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"9"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28613",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"7"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28614",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"OAG patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28615 | 1707797 | [
{
"id": "28616",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The instruction to refrain from blinking affects auditory P3 and N1 amplitudes . Often subjects have been instructed to refrain from blinking lest their evoked EEG potentials should be distorted . We studied whether these very instructions have any impact on P3 amplitude . Two tones were presented in random order , and subjects had to count the high-pitched tones . Half the subjects were instructed not to blink , whereas this instruction was omitted for the other subjects . Target tones evoked larger P3s than non-targets in the latter group but not in the former , in particular not in those subjects that actually blinked rarely . The groups also differed in their N1 amplitudes . These findings might be relevant to P3 studies working with patients and controls : the harder some frequently blinking subjects try to refrain from blinking , the smaller might become their P3 amplitudes . Omitting the instruction and using off-line blink subtraction procedures seems a viable alternative . This study was actually motivated by discrepant findings on the effects of the preceding tone sequence on P3 . These discrepancies could be largely resolved by the instructional variable , in conjunction with different tone intensities . It is suggested that subjects who are discouraged from blinking try to protect themselves against the arousing effects of stimuli ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1366
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28617",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"refrain from blinking"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28618",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"refrain from blinking"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28619",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"instructed not to blink"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28620",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"subjects who are discouraged from blinking"
],
"offsets": [
[
1256,
1298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28621",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"auditory P3"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28622",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"N1 amplitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"P3 amplitude"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"P3s"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28625",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"N1 amplitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28626",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"P3 amplitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
879,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28627",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effects of the preceding tone sequence on P3"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28628",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tone intensities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1216,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28629",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"not to blink"
],
"offsets": [
[
402,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28630 | 17078451 | [
{
"id": "28631",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment of psoriasis vulgaris by oral administration of yin xie ping granules -- a clinical report of 60 cases ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
114
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28632",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"yin xie ping granules -- a"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28633",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"psoriasis vulgaris"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28634",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28635 | 17082978 | [
{
"id": "28636",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive behavioural intervention for anger management in children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome . The purpose of the study described was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention for anger management with children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome . Forty-five children and their parents were randomly assigned to either intervention or wait-list control conditions . Children in the intervention participated in six 2-h weekly sessions while parents participated in a larger parent group . Parent reports indicated a significant decrease in episodes of anger following intervention and a significant increase in their own confidence in managing anger in their child . Qualitative information gathered from parents and teachers indicated some generalization of strategies learned in the clinic setting to both home and school settings . Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
985
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28637",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"cognitive behavioural intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28638",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"wait-list control conditions"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28639",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"six 2-h weekly sessions"
],
"offsets": [
[
480,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28640",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"episodes of anger"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28641",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"confidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28642",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"managing anger in their child"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28643 | 17083268 | [
{
"id": "28644",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The protective effects of angiotensin II blockade with olmesartan medoxomil on resistance vessel remodeling ( The VIOS study ) : rationale and baseline characteristics . BACKGROUND The VIOS ( Vascular Improvement with Olmesartan medoxomil Study ) study is a randomized , parallel study to determine the relative effects of suppressing the renin-angiotensin system ( RAS ) with the angiotensin receptor antagonist olmesartan medoxomil versus suppressing sympathetic drive with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol on remodeling of the subcutaneous small resistance vessel . Remodeling of small resistance vessels may be the earliest pathologic finding associated with hypertension . It may predate the onset of clinically apparent hypertension . METHODS In this study , 100 patients with stage I hypertension are characterized at baseline before being treated for 1 year to obtain a goal BP of less than 140/90 mm Hg as defined by Joint National Committee ( JNC ) -7 . Resistance vessel remodeling is determined using the gluteal fat biopsy technique in the hypertensive patients and a group of normotensive healthy volunteers . Additionally , efforts will be made to define whether noninvasive hemodynamic parameters , retinal vessel measurement changes , or biologic markers may predict and track the underlying vascular morphologic and physiologic changes induced by either regimen during the 12-month treatment period . RESULTS The primary endpoint will be the degree of vascular remodeling as obtained from percutaneous biopsy of gluteal subcutaneous resistance vessels in each of two treatment arms compared with the normal volunteers . The design of the study and the pertinent baseline characteristics of these patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension are presented . CONCLUSION The suppression of the RAS by the blockade of angiotensin II type 1 ( AT ( 1 ) ) receptors may demonstrate remodeling effects on the ubiquitous small resistance vessels similar to that seen in the myocardium and renal glomeruli , thus affording more complete end-organ protection ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2082
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28645",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"olmesartan medoxomil"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28646",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Olmesartan medoxomil"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28647",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"olmesartan medoxomil"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28648",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
509,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28649",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"gluteal fat biopsy technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1054
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28650",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"noninvasive hemodynamic parameters , retinal vessel measurement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28651",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"biologic markers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1264,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28652",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vascular morphologic and physiologic changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1318,
1362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28653",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"degree of vascular remodeling as obtained from percutaneous biopsy of gluteal subcutaneous resistance vessels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28654",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"100"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28655",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stage I hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
792,
812
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28656 | 17089419 | [
{
"id": "28657",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Predictors of mental health problems and negative caregiving experiences in carers of adolescents with bulimia nervosa . OBJECTIVE This exploratory study focuses on the mental health ( MH ) and caregiving experience of carers of adolescents with Bulimia Nervosa ( BN ) /Eating Disorder not otherwise specified ( EDNOS ) , aiming to determine : levels of MH problems in carers and if a negative experience of caregiving predicts carer MH status and which factors predict a negative experience of caregiving . METHOD Hundred and twelve carers and 68 adolescents with BN/EDNOS completed self-report measures ( General Health Questionnaire , Experience of Caregiving Inventory , Level of Expressed Emotion , Self-report Family Inventory , Inventory of Interpersonal Problems ) . RESULTS Over half of the carers reported some MH problems and a minority ( 5.4 % ) were experiencing considerable difficulties . A negative experience of caregiving predicted carer MH status . Higher weekly contact hours and patient ratings of expressed emotion ( EE ) predicted a negative experience of caregiving . CONCLUSIONS Interventions focusing on reducing EE and contact hours could prove beneficial for both patient and caregiver outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1224
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28658",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"mental health ( MH ) and caregiving experience of carers of adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28659",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"self-report measures ( General Health Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28660",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Experience of Caregiving Inventory"
],
"offsets": [
[
638,
672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28661",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Level of Expressed Emotion"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28662",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Self-report Family Inventory"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28663",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Inventory of Interpersonal Problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28664",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Interventions focusing on reducing EE and contact hours"
],
"offsets": [
[
1104,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28665",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"MH problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"A negative experience of caregiving"
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28667",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Higher weekly contact hours and patient ratings of expressed emotion ( EE )"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28668",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"EE"
],
"offsets": [
[
1039,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28669",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"contact hours"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28670",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28671",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bulimia nervosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28672",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28673",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Bulimia Nervosa ( BN ) /Eating Disorder not otherwise specified ( EDNOS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28674",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Hundred and twelve carers"
],
"offsets": [
[
515,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28675",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"68"
],
"offsets": [
[
545,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28676",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescents"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28677",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"BN/EDNOS"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28678 | 17093162 | [
{
"id": "28679",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Folate and arsenic metabolism : a double-blind , placebo-controlled folic acid-supplementation trial in Bangladesh . BACKGROUND Populations in South and East Asia and many other regions of the world are chronically exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water . To various degrees , ingested inorganic arsenic ( InAs ) is methylated to monomethylarsonic acid ( MMA ) and dimethylarsinic acid ( DMA ) via folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism ; impaired methylation is associated with adverse health outcomes . Consequently , folate nutritional status may influence arsenic methylation and toxicity . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that folic acid supplementation of arsenic-exposed adults would increase arsenic methylation . DESIGN Two hundred adults in a rural region of Bangladesh , previously found to have low plasma concentrations of folate ( < /=9 nmol/L ) were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled folic acid-supplementation trial . Plasma concentrations of folate and homocysteine and urinary concentrations of arsenic metabolites were analyzed at baseline and after 12 wk of supplementation with folic acid at a dose of 400 microg/d or placebo . RESULTS The increase in the proportion of total urinary arsenic excreted as DMA in the folic acid group ( 72 % before and 79 % after supplementation ) was significantly ( P < 0.0001 ) greater than that in the placebo group , as was the reduction in the proportions of total urinary arsenic excreted as MMA ( 13 % and 10 % , respectively ; P < 0.0001 ) and as InAs ( 15 % and 11 % , respectively ; P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that folic acid supplementation to participants with low plasma folate enhances arsenic methylation . Because persons whose urine contains low proportions of DMA and high proportions of MMA and InAs have been reported to be at greater risk of skin and bladder cancers and peripheral vascular disease , these results suggest that folic acid supplementation may reduce the risk of arsenic-related health outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2072
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28680",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28681",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"folic acid-supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28682",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"folic acid supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28683",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28684",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"folic acid-supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplementation with folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1146,
1177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28686",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28687",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28688",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28689",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28690",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arsenic methylation"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28691",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma concentrations of folate and homocysteine and urinary concentrations of arsenic metabolites"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28692",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proportion of total urinary arsenic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1245,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28693",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total urinary arsenic excreted"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28694",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronically exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28695",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
770,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28696",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
719,
725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28697",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low plasma concentrations of folate ( < /=9 nmol/L )"
],
"offsets": [
[
848,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28698",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low plasma folate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1713,
1730
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28699 | 17097398 | [
{
"id": "28700",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Topical retapamulin ointment ( 1 % , wt/wt ) twice daily for 5 days versus oral cephalexin twice daily for 10 days in the treatment of secondarily infected dermatitis : results of a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND New antibacterial agents with activity against pathogenic strains resistant to established antibiotics are needed to treat patients with secondarily infected dermatitis ( SID ) . OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of topical retapamulin ointment 1 % versus oral cephalexin for the treatment of SID . METHODS Patients with SID were randomly assigned to retapamulin ointment 1 % ( twice daily [ bid ] ) for 5 days , or oral cephalexin ( 500 mg bid ) for 10 days . The primary efficacy end point was clinical response at follow-up . Secondary outcomes included microbiologic response at follow-up , safety , and compliance . RESULTS Retapamulin was as effective as cephalexin ( clinical success rates at follow-up : 85.9 % and 89.7 % , respectively ) . Microbiologic success rates at follow-up were 87.2 % for retapamulin and 91.8 % for cephalexin . Retapamulin was well tolerated and the topical formulation was preferred over the oral drug . LIMITATIONS An imbalance existed in the number of patients with the clinical outcome \" unable to determine \" ( 15 retapamulin , 2 cephalexin ) , mainly because of their failure to attend the study visit . If those who failed to attend visits ( who did not withdraw as a result of drug-related events ) are removed from the analysis , the clinical success rates are 89.9 % for retapamulin and 89.7 % for cephalexin . CONCLUSIONS Retapamulin ointment 1 % ( bid ) for 5 days was as effective as oral cephalexin ( bid ) for 10 days in treatment of patients with SID , and was well tolerated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1783
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28701",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Topical retapamulin ointment"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28702",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28703",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical retapamulin ointment"
],
"offsets": [
[
471,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28704",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28705",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"retapamulin ointment"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28706",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28707",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Retapamulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28708",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"retapamulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Retapamulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28712",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
1183,
1192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28713",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"retapamulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28714",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28715",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"retapamulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28716",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28717",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Retapamulin ointment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1623,
1643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28718",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cephalexin"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28719",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical response"
],
"offsets": [
[
751,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28720",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"microbiologic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
812,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28721",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28722",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"compliance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28723",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Microbiologic success rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1031
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28724",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28725",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"secondarily infected dermatitis :"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28726",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"patients with secondarily infected dermatitis ( SID ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28727",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Patients with SID"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28728",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with SID"
],
"offsets": [
[
1739,
1756
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28729 | 1710660 | [
{
"id": "28730",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"New hope for children with Kawasaki disease . Kawasaki disease is now the most common cause of acquired heart disease in America 's children . It is an acute febrile illness that may cause coronary artery aneurysm formation in infected children . The results of a multicenter , randomized trial on the effect of intravenous administration of gamma globulin ( IVGG ) plus aspirin versus aspirin alone upon coronary aneurysm formation show a decrease in coronary aneurysm formation from the usual 20 % -30 % to 3 % . Administration of IVGG presents some unique challenges for nurses . Also , the pediatric nurse must educate parents and children about this disease to prepare them for discharge and long-term follow-up care ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
723
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28731",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous administration of gamma globulin ( IVGG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28732",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28733",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
386,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28734",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IVGG"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28735",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coronary aneurysm formation"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28736",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28737",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Kawasaki"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28738",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heart"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28739 | 17113685 | [
{
"id": "28740",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"B-vitamins reduce plasma levels of beta amyloid . Elevated plasma homocysteine ( tHcy ) is a risk factor for Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) , and thus B vitamins may have a role in the prevention of AD . The objective of this study was to determine if tHcy lowering vitamins decrease the circulating levels of A-beta protein 1-40 ( A beta 40 ) . We randomized 299 older men to treatment with 2mg of folate , plus 25mg of B6 and 400 microg of B12 , or placebo . After 2 years of treatment the mean ( S.E . ) increase of A beta 40 was 7.0 pg/ml ( 8.4 ) in the vitamin group ( 4.9 % ) , and 26.8 pg/ml ( 7.7 ) ( 18.5 % ) in the placebo group . We conclude that B vitamins may decrease the plasma level of A beta 40 and have a role in the prevention of AD ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
750
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28741",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"B-vitamins"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28742",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"B vitamins"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28743",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"2mg of folate"
],
"offsets": [
[
389,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28744",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"plus 25mg of B6"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28745",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"400 microg of B12"
],
"offsets": [
[
425,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28746",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28747",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28748",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"circulating levels of A-beta protein 1-40 ( A beta 40 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
285,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28749",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean ( S.E . ) increase of A beta 40"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28750",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"the plasma level of A beta 40"
],
"offsets": [
[
679,
708
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28751 | 17114905 | [
{
"id": "28752",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided laser photocoagulation for treatment of benign thyroid nodules . This randomized controlled study was designed to test the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ultrasound ( US ) -guided laser photocoagulation ( PLP ) for treatment of subjects with compressive symptoms due to benign thyroid nodules and/or at high surgical risk . Twenty six subjects were randomized to the intervention ( no . 13 , age 68+/-3 yr , mean+/-SEM ) or observation ( no . 13 , age 71+/-2 yr ) groups . In the control group , the volume of nodules did not significantly change over the 30 week period of observation . In the intervention group , median nodule volume at baseline was 8.2 ml ( range 2.8-26.9 ) and was not significantly different from that of the control group . Nodules decreased significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) by 22 % after 2 weeks ( 6.5 ml ; range 2.4-16.7 ) and by 44 % after 30 weeks ( 4.6 ml ; range 0.69-14.2 ) . Energy given was correlated ( p < 0.05 ) with the reduction of thyroid nodule volume . All patients tolerated the treatment well and reported relief from compressive and cosmetic complaints ( p < 0.05 ) . At the time of enrolment 7/13 ( 54 % ) and 6/13 ( 46 % ) of patients in the intervention and control groups , respectively , had sub clinical hyperthyroidism . PLP normalized thyroid function at 6 and 30 weeks after treatment . In conclusion , PLP is a promising safe and effective procedure for treatment of benign thyroid nodules in patients at high surgical risk ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1556
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28753",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"ultrasound-guided laser photocoagulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28754",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"percutaneous ultrasound ( US ) -guided laser photocoagulation ( PLP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28755",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28756",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"observation"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28757",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28758",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28759",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28760",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"benign thyroid nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28761",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"volume of nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
581,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28762",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median nodule volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28763",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28764",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thyroid nodule volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28765",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"compressive and cosmetic complaints"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28766",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sub clinical hyperthyroidism"
],
"offsets": [
[
1318,
1346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28767",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PLP normalized thyroid function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1349,
1380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28768",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28769",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1461,
1470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28770",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"benign thyroid nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28771",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"compressive symptoms due to benign thyroid nodules and/or at high surgical risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28772",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty six"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28773",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28774",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"68+/-3 yr"
],
"offsets": [
[
477,
486
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28775",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28776",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"71+/-2 yr"
],
"offsets": [
[
533,
542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28777",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"benign thyroid nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28778 | 17118092 | [
{
"id": "28779",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effects of chewing versus caffeine on alertness , cognitive performance and cardiac autonomic activity during sleep deprivation . Chewing has been shown to alleviate feelings of sleepiness and improve cognitive performance during the day . This study investigated the effect of chewing on alertness and cognitive performance across one night without sleep as well as the possible mediating role of cardiac autonomic activity . Fourteen adults participated in a randomized , counterbalanced protocol employing a chewing , placebo and caffeine condition . Participants completed tasks assessing psychomotor vigilance , tracking , grammatical reasoning , alertness and sleepiness each hour across the night . All participants received either placebo or caffeine ( 200 mg ) , while the chewing condition also chewed on a tasteless and odorless substance for 15 min each hour . Heart rate ( HR ) , root mean square of the successive differences in R-R intervals on the ECG ( RMSSD ) , and preejection period ( PEP ) were simultaneously recorded . Alertness and cognitive performance amongst the chewing condition did not differ or were in fact worse when compared with placebo . Similarly , measures of HR and RMSSD remained the same between these two conditions ; however , PEP was reduced in the later part of the night in the chewing condition compared with a relative increase for placebo . Caffeine led to improved speed and accuracy on cognitive tasks and increased alertness when compared with chewing . Relative increases in RMSSD and reductions in HR were demonstrated following caffeine ; however , no change in PEP was seen . Strong associations between cardiac parasympathetic activity and complex cognitive tasks , as well as between subjective alertness and simpler cognitive tasks , suggest a differential process mediating complex versus simple cognitive performance during sleep deprivation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1908
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28780",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28781",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28782",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28783",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28784",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28785",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
525,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28786",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28787",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
525,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28788",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28789",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28790",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"chewed on a tasteless and odorless substance"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28791",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28792",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1394,
1402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28793",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chewing"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28794",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28795",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28796",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychomotor vigilance"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28797",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tracking"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28798",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"grammatical reasoning"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28799",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"alertness"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28800",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sleepiness"
],
"offsets": [
[
182,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28801",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate ( HR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
877,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28802",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"root mean square of the successive differences in R-R intervals on the ECG ( RMSSD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28803",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"preejection period ( PEP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28804",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Alertness and cognitive performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28805",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HR"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28806",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"RMSSD"
],
"offsets": [
[
974,
979
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28807",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28808",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improved speed"
],
"offsets": [
[
1410,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28809",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28810",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"accuracy on cognitive tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
1429,
1456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28811",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28812",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"increased alertness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1461,
1480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28813",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Relative increases in RMSSD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1510,
1537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28814",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reductions in HR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1542,
1558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28815",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"no change in PEP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1608,
1624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28816",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"alertness"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28817",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"simpler cognitive tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
1771,
1794
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28818 | 17123125 | [
{
"id": "28819",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Parent satisfaction in a multi-site acute trial of risperidone in children with autism : a social validity study . RATIONALE Subjects who view experimental procedures as worthwhile are more likely to participate in clinical trials and comply with study procedures . Designing studies that consider the consumer 's perspective will help to forge a better alliance between participants and researchers . OBJECTIVE Participant satisfaction is seldom assessed in pharmacological research . In this paper , we report on parent satisfaction in a randomized clinical trial in children with autistic disorder and severely disruptive behavior . METHOD Parents of 101 children with autism who had participated in a multi-site 8-week double-blind clinical trial of risperidone were given a questionnaire at the end to elicit their perceptions of the appropriateness and acceptability of clinical trial procedures . RESULTS Ninety-six ( 95.0 % ) parents returned the questionnaire . Of these , 80.0 to 96.8 % , depending on the question , expressed satisfaction with their child 's research participation regardless of treatment outcome or assignment to active drug or placebo . In all , 90.5 % of parents indicated that they would \" definitely \" recommend the clinical trial to other families with similar children . A total of 92.7 % indicated that they would rejoin the clinical trial if they had to do it all over again . Ethnic minority subjects were more satisfied than white participants with the use of \" learning tests \" . CONCLUSIONS Parents of children participating in this trial were highly satisfied and supportive of the clinical trial procedures . Random assignment to drug or placebo and the clinical response of their children did not appear to influence their views . Further satisfaction studies of this sort are encouraged ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1833
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28820",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28821",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28822",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1157,
1164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28823",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1157,
1164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28824",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"highly satisfied and supportive of the clinical trial procedures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1585,
1649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28825",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28826",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severely disruptive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28827",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"101"
],
"offsets": [
[
654,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28828",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28829",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28830 | 17126434 | [
{
"id": "28831",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of age and radiation dose on local control after breast conserving treatment : EORTC trial 22881-10882 . PURPOSE To determine whether the effect of an additional \" boost \" radiation after breast conservative therapy ( BCT ) on local control depends on age and evaluate the impact of a treatment policy with a threshold for age . PATIENTS AND METHODS We used data from EORTC 22881-10882 trial , with median follow-up of 77.4 months . Patients receiving BCT and 50Gy whole breast irradiation were randomized to no boost and 16Gy boost ( N=5318 ) . RESULTS In univariate analysis , a boost reduced local failure by a factor of 2 ( P < 0.0001 ) . Multivariate analysis showed local control increased with age ( P=0.0003 ) . There was no evidence that the relative effect of a boost on local control depends on age ( P=0.97 ) However in younger patients the 5-year local failure was higher , therefore the absolute reduction was greater . If the threshold-age for boost treatment were set at 40 years , 8.4 % of the study population would receive a boost , resulting in a 5-year local failure of 6.1 % in the study population . Changing the threshold-age to 60 years , 67 % of the study population would receive a boost and the 5-year local failure would be reduced to 4.4 % . CONCLUSIONS In younger patients a boost dose resulted in a greater absolute reduction of local failure . The relative risk reduction was however similar for all ages . Applying a treatment policy with a threshold-age of 60 would result in 0.6 % increase in local failure in the total study population , while sparing the boost to 1/3 of the patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1630
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28832",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28833",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"breast conserving treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28834",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"\" boost \" radiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28835",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"breast conservative therapy ( BCT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28836",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"BCT and 50Gy whole breast irradiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
459,
496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28837",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"no boost and 16Gy boost"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28838",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"boost"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28839",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"boost"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28840",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"boost"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28841",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"boost"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28842",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local control"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28843",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28844",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local control"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28845",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local control"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28846",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28847",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28848",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28849",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28850",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"relative risk reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1388,
1411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28851",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28852",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"BCT and 50Gy whole breast irradiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
459,
496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28853",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"younger patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28854 | 1712835 | [
{
"id": "28855",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of daily etidronate on the osteolysis of multiple myeloma . Progressive bone disease in multiple myeloma frequently leads to osteolysis , bone resorption , pathologic fractures , vertebral compression , and hypercalcemia . We conducted a double-blind study in 173 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients of etidronate disodium ( EHDP ) , a diphosphonate compound that reduces bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastic activity . The patients were randomly assigned to receive oral EHDP 5 mg/kg/d or placebo until death or discontinuation due to intolerance or refusal . The extent of vertebral deformity was measured by a vertebral index as well as height . The frequency of pathologic fractures , hypercalcemia , and bone pain was regularly assessed , as well as size and number of osteolytic lesions . All patients received melphalan and prednisone daily for 4 days every 4 weeks as the primary chemotherapy for their disease . Although the repeated measures analysis showed a significant height loss , there was no difference between treatment arms ( P = .98 ) . There was no significant difference in bone pain , episodes of hypercalcemia , or development of pathologic fractures . Patients on EHDP showed less deterioration in their vertebral index , but this difference only approached statistical significance ( P = .07 ) . We conclude that EHDP therapy used in this dosage schedule does not have a clinically significant impact in multiple myeloma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1467
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28856",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"etidronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28857",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral EHDP 5 mg/kg/d"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28858",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
509,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28859",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"melphalan"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28860",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28861",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EHDP"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28862",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EHDP"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28863",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequency of pathologic fractures"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
705
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28864",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypercalcemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28865",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28866",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"height loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1001,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28867",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28868",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"episodes of hypercalcemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28869",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"development of pathologic fractures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1158,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28870",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deterioration in their vertebral index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28871",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"173"
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28872",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"multiple myeloma"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28873",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"etidronate disodium ( EHDP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
316,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28874",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Patients on EHDP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1196,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28875 | 17133499 | [
{
"id": "28876",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Impact of disease severity on outcome of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C : Lessons from the HALT-C trial . In patients with chronic hepatitis C , advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis are associated with lower rates of sustained virologic response ( SVR ) to interferon ( IFN ) -based therapy . In this study , we assessed virologic response to retreatment with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin ( RBV ) , as a function of the baseline fibrosis score ( Ishak staging ) and platelet count , in 1,046 patients enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis ( HALT-C ) Trial . All patients had failed prior treatment with IFN or peginterferon +/- RBV and had Ishak fibrosis scores > or = 3 . Four groups of patients with increasingly severe liver disease were compared : ( A ) bridging fibrosis ( Ishak 3 and 4 ) with platelet counts > 125,000/mm3 ( n = 559 ) ; ( B ) bridging fibrosis with platelet counts < or =125,000/mm3 ( n = 96 ) ; ( C ) cirrhosis ( Ishak 5 and 6 ) with platelet counts > 125,000/mm3 ( n = 198 ) ; and ( D ) cirrhosis with platelet counts < or =125,000/mm3 ( n = 193 ) . SVR rates were 23 % , 17 % , 10 % , and 9 % in groups A , B , C , and D , respectively ( P < .0001 for trend ) . Reduction in SVR as a function of increasingly severe disease was independent of age , percent African American , HCV genotype , HCV level , and type of prior therapy . Dose reduction lowered SVR frequencies , but to a lesser extent than disease severity . By logistic regression , cirrhosis ( P < .0001 ) was the major determinant that impaired virologic response , independent of dose reduction or platelet count . In conclusion , disease severity is a major independent determinant of rate of SVR in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C. New strategies are needed to optimize antiviral therapy in these \" difficult-to-cure \" patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1883
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28877",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antiviral therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28878",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"peginterferon alfa-2a"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28879",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ribavirin ( RBV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28880",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IFN"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28881",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"peginterferon +/- RBV"
],
"offsets": [
[
661,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28882",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sustained virologic response ( SVR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28883",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virologic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28884",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SVR rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28885",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Reduction in SVR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1239,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28886",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SVR frequencies"
],
"offsets": [
[
1431,
1446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28887",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cirrhosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28888",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virologic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28889",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of SVR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1727,
1738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28890",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic hepatitis C :"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28891",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with chronic hepatitis C , advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis are associated with lower rates of sustained virologic response ( SVR ) to interferon ( IFN ) -based therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28892",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1,046 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28893",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Four groups"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28894",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe liver disease were compared"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28895",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C."
],
"offsets": [
[
1742,
1785
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28896 | 17140502 | [
{
"id": "28897",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The use of the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment ( ALPHA ) tool in the detection of psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression : a randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE Eliciting known risk factors for postpartum depression ( PPD ) during pregnancy may enable primary health care providers to identify women at increased risk of becoming depressed . The purpose of this study was to examine how well the Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment ( ALPHA ) form identified antenatal risk factors for PPD , compared with routine care , in a sample of pregnant women . METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the ALPHA form in detecting antenatal risk factors associated with the adverse postpartum outcomes of postpartum depression , intimate partner violence , child abuse , and couple dysfunction . The participants were primary antenatal care providers -- family physicians , obstetricians , and midwives -- from four diverse communities in Ontario . These providers were matched and then randomly allocated into the intervention group , who used the ALPHA form , or into the control group , who administered usual care . In total , 227 pregnant women were recruited : 98 in the ALPHA group and 129 in the control group . The data presented in this paper are from a secondary analysis focusing on PPD as the outcome . RESULTS Providers randomized to the ALPHA group identified a statistically significantly higher proportion of women with antenatal psychosocial risk factors for PPD ( 36 % vs. 26 % ) and a significantly higher number of risk factors per woman compared with the control group ( mean 2.1 vs.1.8 ) ( z = -1.96 , P = 0.05 ) . Providers in the ALPHA group also identified significantly more women having a \" previous history of depression \" ( 16 % vs. 6 % ) ( chi2 = 5.243 , df = 1 , P = 0.03 ) and \" [ having ] witnessed or experienced abuse as a child \" ( 17 % vs. 3 % ) ( chi2 = 12.488 , df = 1 , P = 0.0005 ) , which are both established risk factors for PPD . CONCLUSION The ALPHA provides a systematic means of eliciting antenatal psychosocial risk factors for PPD for primary care providers , and it may be particularly useful for raising and discussing sensitive issues . The detection of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy remains problematic , however , and detection may be improved by administering a simple standardized measure of depressive symptomatology during routine antenatal care ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2483
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28898",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment ( ALPHA ) tool"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28899",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Antenatal Psychosocial Health Assessment ( ALPHA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28900",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ALPHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28901",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"matched and then randomly allocated into the intervention group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1033,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28902",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"who used the ALPHA form"
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28903",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"the control group , who administered usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
1133,
1180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28904",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ALPHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28905",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ALPHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28906",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychosocial risk factors"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28907",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"risk factors for postpartum depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28908",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"effectiveness of the ALPHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28909",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postpartum depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28910",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intimate partner violence"
],
"offsets": [
[
792,
817
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28911",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"child abuse"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
831
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28912",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"couple dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28913",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"antenatal psychosocial risk factors for PPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1500,
1543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28914",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"risk factors"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28915",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"previous history of depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1782,
1812
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28916",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"[ having ] witnessed or experienced abuse as a child"
],
"offsets": [
[
1875,
1927
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28917",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28918",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depressive symptomatology"
],
"offsets": [
[
2271,
2296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28919",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28920",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary antenatal care providers"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
913
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28921",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"227"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28922",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28923",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"98"
],
"offsets": [
[
1230,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28924",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"129"
],
"offsets": [
[
1256,
1259
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28925 | 17149529 | [
{
"id": "28926",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Further validation of the alcohol dependence scale as an index of severity . OBJECTIVE The Alcohol Dependence Scale ( ADS ) yields continuous scores purported to reflect the severity of the dependence syndrome . We evaluated the concurrent validity of the ADS as a general measure of severity and the screening accuracy of the total score and subscales to detect Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition ( DSM-IV ) , physiological dependence . METHOD Treatment-seeking , alcohol-dependent individuals entering the Combining Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence ( COMBINE ) Study ( N = 1,372 ; 69 % men ) completed the ADS , diagnostic interviews , and other measures before randomization . Analyses of variance tested differences between ADS quartiles on alcohol- related measures . Areas under the receiver operating characteristic ( AUROC ) curve assessed screening accuracy for DSM-IV physiological dependence ( tolerance or withdrawal ) or withdrawal alone . RESULTS ADS quartiles differed on age , other demographics , and prior treatment episodes . Linear correlation showed moderate to large magnitude associations with alcohol-related self-report measures and most indices of consumption . ADS quartiles differed significantly on proportion with DSM-IV physiological dependence , but AUROC curves indicated that the ADS had limited accuracy as a continuous measure to detect DSMIV physiological dependence ( AUROC = .75 [ 95 % confidence interval { CI } : .70-.79 ] and .67 [ 95 % CI : .60-.74 ] for men and women , respectively ; p = .08 ) or withdrawal alone ( AUROC = .77 [ 95 % CI : .74-.80 ] and .74 [ 95 % CI : .69-.79 ] for men and women , respectively ; p = .30 ) . Screening accuracy was comparably limited based on ADS subscales reflecting psychoperceptual or psychophysical withdrawal . CONCLUSIONS The ADS reflected variation in symptom severity but did not adequately identify physiological dependence or withdrawal in treatment-seeking individuals with DSM-IV alcohol dependence ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2065
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28927",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Alcohol Dependence Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28928",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ADS"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28929",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"concurrent validity of the ADS as a general measure of severity and the screening accuracy"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28930",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Analyses of variance tested differences between ADS quartiles on alcohol- related measures ."
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28931",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"proportion with DSM-IV physiological dependence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1301,
1348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28932",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"accuracy"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28933",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"DSMIV physiological dependence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1446,
1476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28934",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Screening accuracy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1745,
1763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28935",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"alcohol-dependent"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28936",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Alcohol Dependence"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28937",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1,372"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28938",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"69 %"
],
"offsets": [
[
656,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28939",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"DSM-IV alcohol dependence"
],
"offsets": [
[
2038,
2063
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28940 | 17149715 | [
{
"id": "28941",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of zonisamide ( zonegran ) in the treatment of essential tremor . Medical therapy for essential tremor ( ET ) , a common movement disorder , is often inadequate . We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide ( ZNS ) , an antiepileptic agent , in treating ET . Twenty patients ( mean age , 60 +/- 15 years ) with ET were randomized to receive ZNS or placebo . ZNS was initiated at a dosage of 100 mg/day and escalated to 200 mg/day at day 14 . Patients were evaluated by accelerometry and the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin ( FTM ) rating scale at baseline and days 14 and 28 , as well as the Clinical Global Impression ( CGI-C ) scale at day 28 . At endpoint , subjects assigned to ZNS were taking a mean dosage of 160 +/- 50 mg/day . There were no significant improvements in the FTM total score or its subsections . Tremor amplitude as assessed by accelerometry significantly improved in the ZNS group compared to the placebo group at endpoint relative to baseline ( -0.50 +/- 0.72 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.79 m/s ( 2 ) ; P = 0.03 ) . On the CGI-C , 60 % ( n = 6 ) of patients in the ZNS group felt that their tremor was unchanged , while the remaining patients felt that their tremor was \" minimally improved . \" Thirty percent ( n = 3 ) of patients taking ZNS discontinued the study due to side effects ( fatigue , headache , paresthesias ) while taking 100 mg per day . ZNS did not provide significant improvements in clinical rating scales at study endpoint compared to placebo and was only modestly well tolerated . ZNS was effective in reducing tremor amplitude as measured by accelerometry ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1692
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28942",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zonisamide ( zonegran )"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28943",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zonisamide ( ZNS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28944",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ZNS"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28945",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28946",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ZNS was initiated at a dosage of 100 mg/day and escalated to 200 mg/day at day 14"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28947",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ZNS"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28948",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ZNS"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28949",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ZNS"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28950",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ZNS"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28951",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"essential tremor"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28952",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"essential tremor ( ET )"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28953",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
283,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28954",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28955",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28956",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28957",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Fahn-Tolosa-Marin ( FTM ) rating scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28958",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Clinical Global Impression ( CGI-C ) scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
694,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28959",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"FTM total score or its subsections"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28960",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Tremor amplitude"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28961",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tremor"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28962",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tremor"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28963",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1401,
1408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28964",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"headache"
],
"offsets": [
[
1411,
1419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28965",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"paresthesias"
],
"offsets": [
[
1422,
1434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28966",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical rating scales"
],
"offsets": [
[
1515,
1537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28967",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1603,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28968",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tremor amplitude"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28969",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"essential tremor ( ET )"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28970",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28971",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"age , 60 +/- 15 years )"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28972",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ET"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28973 | 17152183 | [
{
"id": "28974",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cognitive-behavioural stress management with HIV-positive homosexual men : mechanisms of sustained reductions in depressive symptoms . BACKGROUND We examined the sustained efficacy of a group-based cognitive-behavioural stress management ( CBSM ) intervention in comparison to a modified wait-list control condition on measures of mood , coping and social support in mildly symptomatic HIV-positive homosexual and bisexual men . Participants were recruited largely during the era prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ; 1992-1997 ) . METHODS Men were randomized to either a 10-week , group-based CBSM intervention ( n = 83 ) or a psychoeducational seminar group ( n = 46 ) . All participants completed a battery of psychosocial questionnaires administered by a research assistant at baseline , immediately following the 10-week CBSM intervention period , and at a 6-month follow-up . RESULTS Men in the CBSM group maintained previously observed effects on depressive symptoms and perceived social support . These sustained effects of CBSM on depressive symptoms were mediated by 10-week increases in cognitive coping ( i.e . positive reframing ) . DISCUSSION CBSM appears to be a potentially efficacious treatment that reduces and maintains lower levels of depressive symptoms and enhances social support in HIV-positive homosexual and bisexual men . In particular , changes in positive reframing during the 10-week intervention period remain a crucial factor contributing to sustained reductions in depressive symptoms ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1537
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28975",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Cognitive-behavioural stress management"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28976",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"group-based cognitive-behavioural stress management ( CBSM ) intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28977",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"wait-list control condition"
],
"offsets": [
[
288,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28978",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"CBSM intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28979",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"psychoeducational seminar group"
],
"offsets": [
[
646,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28980",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"10-week CBSM intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
861
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28981",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reductions in depressive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28982",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mood"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28983",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"coping"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28984",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social support"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28985",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"psychosocial questionnaires"
],
"offsets": [
[
731,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28986",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depressive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28987",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"perceived social support"
],
"offsets": [
[
996,
1020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28988",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"10-week increases in cognitive coping"
],
"offsets": [
[
1095,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28989",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"changes in positive reframing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28990",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"reductions in depressive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28991",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV-positive"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28992",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28993",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV-positive"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28994",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Men"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28995",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Men"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
28996 | 1715416 | [
{
"id": "28997",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ A randomized trial of PVB , VAB-6 , BVP regimen versus PEB chemotherapy in patients with disseminated testicular tumors ] . During 2 years and 7 months from June , 1985 to December , 1987 , a randomized multi-center trial of PVB , VAB-6 , BVP regimen ( group A ) without etoposide versus PEB chemotherapy ( bleomycin , etoposide and cisplatinum ) ( group B ) was given to patients with disseminated testicular tumors . Of 34 patients registered , 10 patients were with minimal disease in stages IIA , IIIO and IIIA and 24 with extensive disease in IIB , IIIB2 and IIIC . Seminomas were found in 10 patients , while non-seminomatous tumors in 24 . Among groups A and B , there was no statistical difference in clinicopathological profiles . A group patients were given either PVB , VAB-6 or BVP according to the physician 's discretion . In groups A and B , 35 % and 43 % of the patients achieved complete response , and 45 % and 50 % achieved partial response , respectively . The difference in CR rates among both groups was not statistically significant even when calculated according to the stage or histologic grouping . Salvage treatments mainly with surgical resection of residual tumors after the chemotherapy , however , were more successful in group B ( 88 % ) than group A ( 61 % ) . It appears likely that the higher response of induction chemotherapy in patients with extensive disease made the salvage surgery more successful in group B than in group A . The 3 year survival rate was 100 % in group B , whereas it was 76 % in group A . Although the incidence of myelosuppression and alopecia was significantly higher in group B , neuropathy was significantly more frequent in group A . From the above results , PEB seems to be a better induction chemotherapy than the conventional one for advanced testicular tumors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1832
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "28998",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVB , VAB-6 , BVP regimen versus PEB chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "28999",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVB , VAB-6 , BVP regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29000",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"etoposide"
],
"offsets": [
[
273,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29001",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PEB chemotherapy ( bleomycin , etoposide and cisplatinum )"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29002",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29003",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1417,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29004",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete response"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29005",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"partial response"
],
"offsets": [
[
945,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29006",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"3 year survival rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1474,
1494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29007",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of myelosuppression and alopecia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1564,
1606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29008",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"neuropathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29009 | 17156222 | [
{
"id": "29010",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Midazolam vs ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting : a randomised controlled trial . We compared the prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of midazolam and ondansetron in 90 patients scheduled for minor gynaecological ( hysteroscopy ) or urological ( ureteroscopy ) procedures planned to last 1-2 h under sevoflurane anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation of the lungs via a laryngeal mask airway . Midazolam 2 mg or ondansetron 4 mg were administered intravenously 30 min before the end of surgery . The proportions of patients who experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first 24 h ( 30 % and 27 % for the midazolam and ondansetron groups , respectively ) were similar in the two groups . The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly smaller in both groups than predicted according to the patients ' underlying risks ( midazolam group : p = 0.018 ; ondansetron group : p = 0.017 ) . There were no significant differences in average sedation scores or pain scores . Treatment using ondansetron for anti-emetic prophylaxis did not provide a superior benefit compared to midazolam in the present study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1160
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29011",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29012",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29013",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29014",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29015",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Midazolam 2 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29016",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron 4 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29017",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29018",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29019",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29020",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29021",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29022",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29023",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29024",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29025",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29026",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"no significant differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
954,
980
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29027",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"average sedation scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
984,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29028",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pain scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29029",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"90 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29030",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"minor gynaecological ( hysteroscopy ) or urological ( ureteroscopy ) procedures"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29031",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sevoflurane anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29032",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29033 | 17156651 | [
{
"id": "29034",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin alone or with atorvastatin for lipid profile modification ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin ( niacin ER ) either alone or in combination with atorvastatin for the lipid profile modification in the patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and its equivalents . METHODS One hundred and ten patients with CHD and its equivalents with serum total cholesterol ( TC ) > or = 3.5 mmol/L were randomly assigned into three treatment groups : ( 1 ) atorvastatin group ( n = 38 ) , receiving atorvastatin 10 mg/d for 8 weeks ; ( 2 ) niacin ER group ( n = 38 ) , given niacin ER 500 mg/d for 4 weeks and then 1000 mg/d for 4 weeks ; ( 3 ) combination treatment group ( n = 34 ) , treated with atorvastatin ( 10 mg/d ) plus niacin ER , with the dose initiating from 500 mg/d , and increasing to 1000 mg/d after 4 weeks , for 8 weeks . The serums lipid profiles and adverse effects were assessed in all the patients before treatment , and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment . RESULTS ( 1 ) After 8 weeks of treatment , the serum level of triglyceride ( TG ) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) were reduced by 30 % and 16 % respectively in the niacin ER group compared with the baseline values ( both P < 0.05 ) . After 8 weeks , the TC , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , and TG in the atorvastatin group decreased by 19 % , 26 % , and 17 % respectively compared with the baseline values ( all P < 0.05 ) . Combination treatment decreased the TC , LDL-C , and TG levels by 28 % , 38 % , and 39 % respectively , and increased the HDL-C level by 23 % ( all P < 0.05 ) . The improvement in TC and LDL-C achieved by combination treatment was superior to treatment of atorvastatin alone and treatment of niacin ER alone ( all P < 0.05 ) . ( 2 ) The rate of achieving the LDL-C goal of The National Cholesterol Education Program ( NCEP ) in Adult Treatment Panel III ( ATP III ) in the combination therapy group was 73.5 % , significantly higher than those of the atorvastatin and niacin groups ( 47.7 % and 42.1 % respectively , both P < 0.05 ) . ( 3 ) Adverse effect , such as flushing ( 15.8 % ) and gastrointestinal symptoms ( 23.7 % ) were found in the niacin ER group , however , no more adverse effects were found in the combination therapy group . There were no serious adverse events in all groups . CONCLUSION Niacin ER has a favorable effect in modulating the blood lipid profile , especially in reducing TG and elevating HDL-C . Combined statin with niacin may produce a more global and effective improvement in lipid blood levels than monotherapy and is generally safe and well tolerable ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2703
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29035",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"niacin alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29036",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29037",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"extended-release niacin ( niacin ER )"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29038",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29039",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29040",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"niacin ER"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29042",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"niacin ER"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29043",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"combination treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29044",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atorvastatin ( 10 mg/d )"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
801
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29045",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"niacin ER"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29046",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29047",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29048",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29049",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29050",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serums lipid profiles"
],
"offsets": [
[
922,
943
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29051",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
963
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29052",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum level of triglyceride ( TG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29053",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29054",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29055",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1331,
1376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29056",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TG"
],
"offsets": [
[
1130,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29057",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"atorvastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29058",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29059",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29060",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TG levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1567,
1576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29061",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C level"
],
"offsets": [
[
1636,
1647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29062",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29063",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29064",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29065",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"flushing"
],
"offsets": [
[
2180,
2188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29066",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
2204,
2229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29067",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reducing"
],
"offsets": [
[
2508,
2516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29068",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TG"
],
"offsets": [
[
1130,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29069",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"elevating"
],
"offsets": [
[
2524,
2533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29070",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29071",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"global and effective improvement in lipid blood levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
2589,
2643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29072",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29073",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerable"
],
"offsets": [
[
2687,
2701
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29074 | 17160228 | [
{
"id": "29075",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Sentinel lymph node detection in colorectal cancer : importance , techniques and results ] . BACKGROUND AND AIM Considering that lymph node status is a key factor in colorectal cancer staging , and the main determinant for adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer being this therapy , responsible for a significant increase in colorectal cancer patients survival , the staging methods should be the most accurate possible in order to offer this individuals the opportunity to be adequate treated in order to achieve the best survival possible . Sentinel lymph node study is progressively being popularized as a method that increases sensibility in detect positive nodes to reveal a more accurate stage and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients . PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty one colorectal cancer patients were prospectively studied and sentinel lymph node was identified in 100 % of the cases utilizing either patent blue alone , or in association with radiotracer based on technetium 99m colloid solution in a randomized fashion . RESULTS The mean number of sentinel nodes per patient was 1.96 ranging from 1 to 3 nodes . With the addition of transoperative lympho-scintigraphy five extra sentinel nodes , not identified by the blue dye alone , were identified and considered for histopathology study . In four cases ( 12.9 % ) the sentinel lymph node was the only site of metastasis , all of them being detected by association of hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical examination . CONCLUSION Sentinel lymph node detection and analysis is feasible , technique is relatively simple and is able to produce upstage in colorectal cancer . Blue staining and radio guided techniques are both safe and their superposition has shown good results in terms of increase accuracy in our experience . There was no aberrant lymph drainage that would alter resection margins in patients studied . Upstaging rate , identifying potential candidates for adjuvant therapy was 12.9 % ( 4/31 ) . To this individuals chemotherapy could be a chance to increase their global survival ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2072
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29076",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjuvant therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29077",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"utilizing either patent blue alone , or in association with radiotracer based on technetium 99m colloid solution in a randomized fashion"
],
"offsets": [
[
894,
1030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29078",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Blue staining and radio guided techniques"
],
"offsets": [
[
1646,
1687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29079",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjuvant therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29080",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2006,
2018
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29081",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sentinel lymph node detection"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29082",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sensibility in detect positive nodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
668
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29083",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stage and prognosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
695,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29084",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean number of sentinel nodes per patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1086
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29085",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transoperative lympho-scintigraphy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1145,
1179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29086",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"extra sentinel nodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1185,
1205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29087",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"association of hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical examination"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29088",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"feasible"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29089",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"simple"
],
"offsets": [
[
1585,
1591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29090",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"produce upstage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1607,
1622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29091",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
1697,
1701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29092",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"accuracy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1770,
1778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29093",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lymph drainage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1821,
1835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29094",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Upstaging rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1893,
1907
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29095 | 17164971 | [
{
"id": "29096",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Assisted exercise and bone strength in preterm infants . Studies have previously demonstrated that brief ( 4 weeks ) passive range-of-motion exercise is beneficial for bone development in very low birth weight ( VLBW ) preterm infants . However , the optimal duration of exercise for bone development in preterm infants is yet unknown . The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of assisted exercise on bone strength and metabolism in VLBW premature infants . Sixteen infants ( mean +/- standard error of the mean birth weight 1,009 +/- 55 g and gestational age 27.3 +/- 0.3 weeks ) were randomly assigned into exercise ( n = 8 ) and control ( n = 8 ) groups . The intervention started at the first week of life and involved 8 weeks of daily passive extension and flexion range-of-motion exercise of the upper and lower extremities . Biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured at enrollment and after 8 weeks . Bone strength was measured weekly by quantitative ultrasound measurement of tibial bone speed of sound ( SOS ) . Bone SOS decreased significantly in the control group ( -108.1 +/- 33.7 m/second , P < 0.0001 ) during the study period , while remaining stable in the exercise group ( 11.3 +/- 22.8 m/second ) . The main beneficial effect of exercise occurred in the first 4 weeks of the intervention . There were no significant differences in the bone turnover marker changes between the groups . There is a significant postnatal decrease in bone SOS in VLBW preterm infants . Eight weeks of assisted range-of-motion exercise attenuates the decrease in bone strength and may decrease the risk of osteopenia in premature infants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1670
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29097",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Assisted exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29098",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29099",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"assisted exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29100",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29101",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"daily passive extension and flexion range-of-motion exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29102",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29103",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Biochemical markers of bone turnover"
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29104",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bone strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29105",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tibial bone speed of sound"
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29106",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Bone SOS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1056,
1064
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29107",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"main beneficial effect of exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
1256,
1290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29108",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone turnover marker changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1388,
1416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29109",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postnatal decrease in bone SOS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1461,
1491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29110",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29111",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of osteopenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1629,
1647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29112",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"preterm infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29113",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"premature infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
464,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29114",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29115",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29116",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"27.3 +/- 0.3 weeks"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29117 | 17165495 | [
{
"id": "29118",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Observation on therapeutic effect of picking therapy on Graves ' disease ] . OBJECTIVE To observe therapeutic effect of picking therapy on Graves ' disease ( GD ) and its effects on thyroid function . METHODS Sixty cases of GD were randomly divided into a treatment group ( pricking therapy group ) and a control group ( medication group ) . They were treated respectively with pricking thyroid gland high point or oral administration of tapazole . And changes of total triiodothyronine ( TT3 ) , total thyroxine ( TT4 ) , free T3 ( FT3 ) , free T4 ( FT4 ) , thyroxine receptor antibody ( TRAb ) , supersensitive thyrotropin ( S-TSH ) after treatment were investigated . RESULTS The total effective rate was 93.33 % in the treatment group and 76.67 % in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ) . After treatment , serum TT3 , TT4 , FT3 , FT4 and S-TSH contents had very significant change in the two groups ( P < 0.01 ) , TRAb had very significant change in the treatment group ( P < 0.01 ) and no significant change in the control group ( P > 0.05 ) there were significant differences in decrease of TT3 , FT3 , TRAb ( P < 0.05 ) and no significant difference in decrease of TT4 , FT4 and increase of S-TSH between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Pricking therapy has a definite therapeutic effect on Graves ' disease , which is carried out through regulating thyroid function ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1434
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29119",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pricking therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29120",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29121",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pricking thyroid gland high point"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29122",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"or"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29123",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"oral administration of tapazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29124",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29125",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total triiodothyronine ( TT3 ) , total thyroxine ( TT4 ) , free T3 ( FT3 ) , free T4 ( FT4 ) , thyroxine receptor antibody ( TRAb ) , supersensitive thyrotropin ( S-TSH )"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29126",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum TT3 , TT4 , FT3 , FT4 and S-TSH contents"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29127",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TT3 , FT3 , TRAb"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29128",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TT4 , FT4 and increase of S-TSH"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29129",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Graves ' disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29130",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Graves ' disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29131",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"GD"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29132",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty"
],
"offsets": [
[
211,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29133 | 17171539 | [
{
"id": "29134",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treating anxiety disorders in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders : a controlled trial . A family-based , cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety in 47 children with comorbid anxiety disorders and High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder ( HFA ) was evaluated . Treatment involved 12 weekly group sessions and was compared with a waiting list condition . Changes between pre- and post-treatment were examined using clinical interviews as well as child- , parent- and teacher-report measures . Following treatment , 71.4 % of the treated participants no longer fulfilled diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder . Comparisons between the two conditions indicated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms as measured by self-report , parent report and teacher report . Discussion focuses on the implications for the use of cognitive behaviour therapy with HFA children , for theory of mind research and for further research on the treatment components ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
982
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29135",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Treatment involved 12 weekly group sessions and was compared with a waiting list condition"
],
"offsets": [
[
288,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29136",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Changes between pre- and post-treatment were examined using clinical interviews as well as child- , parent- and teacher-report measures ."
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29137",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety symptoms as measured by self-report , parent report and teacher report"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29138",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"anxiety disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29139",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29140",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high functioning autism spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29141",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"47"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29142",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29143",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder ( HFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29144",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29145 | 17174704 | [
{
"id": "29146",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of three highly active antiretroviral treatment strategies consisting of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors , protease inhibitors , or both in the presence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as initial therapy ( CPCRA 058 FIRST Study ) : a long-term randomised trial . BACKGROUND Long-term data from randomised trials on the consequences of treatment with a protease inhibitor ( PI ) , non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NNRTI ) , or both are lacking . Here , we report results from the FIRST trial , which compared initial treatment strategies for clinical , immunological , and virological outcomes . METHODS Between 1999 and 2002 , 1397 antiretroviral-treatment-naive patients , presenting at 18 clinical trial units with 80 research sites in the USA , were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1:1 to a protease inhibitor ( PI ) strategy ( PI plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [ NRTI ] ; n=470 ) , a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NNRTI ) strategy ( NNRTI plus NRTI ; n=463 ) , or a three-class strategy ( PI plus NNRTI plus NRTI ; n=464 ) . Primary endpoints were a composite of an AIDS-defining event , death , or CD4 cell count decline to less than 200 cells per mm3 for the PI versus NNRTI comparison , and average change in CD4 cell count at or after 32 months for the three-class versus combined two-class comparison . Analyses were by intention-to-treat . This study is registered ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00000922 . FINDINGS 1397 patients were assessed for the composite endpoint . A total of 388 participants developed the composite endpoint , 302 developed AIDS or died , and 188 died . NNRTI versus PI hazard ratios ( HRs ) for the composite endpoint , for AIDS or death , for death , and for virological failure were 1.02 ( 95 % CI 0.79-1.31 ) , 1.07 ( 0.80-1.41 ) , 0.95 ( 0.66-1.37 ) , and 0.66 ( 0.56-0.78 ) , respectively . 1196 patients were assessed for the three-class versus combined two-class primary endpoint . Mean change in CD4 cell count at or after 32 months was +234 cells per mm3 and +227 cells per mm3 for the three-class and the combined two-class strategies ( p=0.62 ) , respectively . HRs ( three-class vs combined two-class ) for AIDS or death and virological failure were 1.15 ( 0.91-1.45 ) and 0.87 ( 0.75-1.00 ) , respectively . HRs ( three-class vs combined two-class ) for AIDS or death were similar for participants with baseline CD4 cell counts of 200 cells per mm3 or less and of more than 200 cells per mm3 ( p=0.38 for interaction ) , and for participants with baseline HIV RNA concentrations less than 100 000 copies per mL and 100,000 copies per mL or more ( p=0.26 for interaction ) . Participants assigned the three-class strategy were significantly more likely to discontinue treatment because of toxic effects than were those assigned to the two-class strategies ( HR 1.58 ; p < 0.0001 ) . INTERPRETATION Initial treatment with either an NNRTI-based regimen or a PI-based regimen , but not both together , is a good strategy for long-term antiretroviral management in treatment-naive patients with HIV ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3143
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29147",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors , protease inhibitors , or both in the presence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29148",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"protease inhibitor ( PI ) , non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NNRTI ) , or both are lacking ."
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29149",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"protease inhibitor ( PI ) strategy ( PI plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [ NRTI ] ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
856,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29150",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NNRTI ) strategy ( NNRTI plus NRTI ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
965,
1052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29151",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"or a three-class strategy ( PI plus NNRTI plus NRTI ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29152",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NNRTI-based regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
2978,
2997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29153",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PI-based regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
3003,
3019
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29154",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AIDS-defining event"
],
"offsets": [
[
1168,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29155",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29156",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD4 cell count decline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29157",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"change in CD4 cell count"
],
"offsets": [
[
1304,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29158",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"composite endpoint"
],
"offsets": [
[
1560,
1578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29159",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"AIDS or death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1759,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29160",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29161",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virological failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1795,
1814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29162",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean change in CD4 cell count"
],
"offsets": [
[
2024,
2053
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29163",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"HRs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1720,
1723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29164",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"AIDS or death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1759,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29165",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virological failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1795,
1814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29166",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"HRs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1720,
1723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29167",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"AIDS or death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1759,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29168",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"discontinue treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
2803,
2824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29169",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
2836,
2849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29170",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1397"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29171",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"antiretroviral-treatment-naive"
],
"offsets": [
[
692,
722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29172",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1397"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29173",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"388"
],
"offsets": [
[
1592,
1595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29174",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"302"
],
"offsets": [
[
1644,
1647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29175",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1168,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29176",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"188"
],
"offsets": [
[
1677,
1680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29177",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV"
],
"offsets": [
[
2604,
2607
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29178 | 17174705 | [
{
"id": "29179",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Continuous pralidoxime infusion versus repeated bolus injection to treat organophosphorus pesticide poisoning : a randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND The role of oximes for the treatment of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning has not been conclusively established . We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a constant pralidoxime infusion compared with repeated bolus doses to treat patients with moderately severe poisoning from organophosphorus pesticides . METHODS 200 patients were recruited to our single-centre , open randomised controlled trial after moderately severe poisoning by anticholinesterase pesticide . All were given a 2 g loading dose of pralidoxime over 30 min . Patients were then randomly assigned to control and study groups . Controls were given a bolus dose of 1 g pralidoxime over 1 h every 4 h for 48 h. The study group had a constant infusion of 1 g over an hour every hour for 48 h. Thereafter , all patients were given 1 g every 4 h until they could be weaned from ventilators . Analysis was by intention to treat . Primary outcome measures were median atropine dose needed within 24 h , proportion of patients who needed intubation , and number of days on ventilation . The study is registered at http : //www.clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT00333944 . FINDINGS 100 patients were assigned the high-dose regimen , and 100 the control regimen . There were no drop-outs . Patients receiving the high-dose pralidoxime regimen required less atropine during the first 24 h than controls ( median 6 mg vs 30 mg ; difference 24 mg [ 95 % CI 24-26 , p < 0.0001 ] ) . 88 ( 88 % ) and 64 ( 64 % ) of controls and high-dose patients , respectively , needed intubation during admission to hospital ( relative risk=0.72 , 0.62-0.86 , p=0.0001 ) . Control patients required ventilatory support for longer ( median 10 days vs 5 days ; difference 5 days [ 5-6 , p < 0.0001 ] ) . INTERPRETATION A high-dose regimen of pralidoxime , consisting of a constant infusion of 1 g/h for 48 h after a 2 g loading dose , reduces morbidity and mortality in moderately severe cases of acute organophosphorus-pesticide poisoning ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2145
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29180",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pralidoxime"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29181",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pralidoxime"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29182",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pralidoxime"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29183",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"bolus dose of 1 g pralidoxime over 1 h every 4 h for 48 h."
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29184",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"constant infusion of 1 g over an hour every hour for 48 h."
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
916
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29185",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"given 1 g every 4 h until they could be weaned from ventilators"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
1011
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29186",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"median atropine dose needed within 24 h , proportion of patients who needed intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1081,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29187",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of days on ventilation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1174,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29188",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"atropine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1088,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29189",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"intubation during admission to hospital"
],
"offsets": [
[
1691,
1730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29190",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ventilatory support"
],
"offsets": [
[
1805,
1824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29191",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"morbidity and mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
2047,
2070
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29192",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"organophosphorus pesticide poisoning"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29193",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"200 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
473,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29194",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"open randomised controlled trial after moderately severe poisoning by anticholinesterase pesticide"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29195",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"100 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1308,
1320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29196",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pralidoxime regimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1467
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29197 | 17175376 | [
{
"id": "29198",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"No association between dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in intron 1 of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR and risk of lung cancer . The tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR pathway is one of the oncogenic signaling cascades involved in lung cancer , mediating the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR . First-intron polymorphisms with greater numbers of CA dinucleotide repeats tend to downregulate EGFR expression , which suggests that this polymorphism may modulate susceptibility to lung cancer . The present hospital-based case-control study evaluated the possible association of CA repeat polymorphism in the EGFR gene with risk of lung cancer in a Korean population . A bimodal pattern appeared , with a frequency of 57.1 % for 20 CA repeats and 18.6 % for 16 CA repeats . There was , however , no significant difference in distribution of allele genotypes between all lung cancer cases and the controls , nor among histological types for the cases ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
967
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29199",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"First-intron polymorphisms"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29200",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"polymorphism"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29201",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"hospital-based case-control study evaluated the possible association of CA repeat"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29202",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"polymorphism in the EGFR gene"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29203",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EGFR gene"
],
"offsets": [
[
625,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29204",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"risk of lung cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29205",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"susceptibility to lung cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
479,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29206",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CA repeat polymorphism in the EGFR gene with risk of lung cancer in a Korean population ."
],
"offsets": [
[
595,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29207 | 17178774 | [
{
"id": "29208",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The additional value of a night splint to eccentric exercises in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy : a randomised controlled trial . AIM To assess whether the use of a night splint is of added benefit on functional outcome in treating chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy . METHODS This was a single-blind , prospective , single centre , randomised controlled trial set in the Sports Medical Department , The Hague Medical Centre , The Netherlands . Inclusion criteria were : age 18-70 years , active participation in sports , and tendon pain localised at 2-7 cm from distal insertion . Exclusion criteria were : insertional disorders , partial or complete ruptures , or systemic illness . 70 tendons were included and randomised into one of two treatment groups : eccentric exercises with a night splint ( night splint group , n = 36 ) or eccentric exercises only ( eccentric group , n = 34 ) . INTERVENTIONS Both groups completed a 12-week heavy-load eccentric training programme . One group received a night splint in addition to eccentric exercises . At baseline and follow-up at 12 weeks , patient satisfaction , Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire ( VISA-A ) score and reported compliance were recorded by a single-blind trained researcher who was blinded to the treatment . RESULTS After 12 weeks , patient satisfaction in the eccentric group was 63 % compared with 48 % in the night splint group . The VISA-A score significantly improved in both groups ; in the eccentric group from 50.1 to 68.8 ( p = 0.001 ) and in the night splint group from 49.4 to 67.0 ( p < 0.001 ) . There was no significant difference between the two groups in VISA-A score ( p = 0.815 ) and patient satisfaction ( p = 0.261 ) . CONCLUSION A night splint is not beneficial in addition to eccentric exercises in the treatment of chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1891
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29209",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"night splint to eccentric exercises"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29210",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"use of a night splint"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29211",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"eccentric exercises with a night splint"
],
"offsets": [
[
776,
815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29212",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"eccentric exercises only"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29213",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"heavy-load eccentric training programme"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
992
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29214",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"night splint in addition to eccentric exercises"
],
"offsets": [
[
1016,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29215",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"night splint"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29216",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"night splint"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29217",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1106,
1126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29218",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire ( VISA-A ) score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1129,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29219",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"reported compliance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1213,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29220",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1106,
1126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29221",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VISA-A score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29222",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VISA-A score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29223",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1106,
1126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29224",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29225",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29226",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"age 18-70 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
487,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29227",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"active participation in sports"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29228",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tendon pain localised at 2-7 cm from distal insertion"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29229 | 17179098 | [
{
"id": "29230",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dofequidar fumarate ( MS-209 ) in combination with cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil for patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer . PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of dofequidar plus cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil ( CAF ) therapy in comparison with CAF alone , in patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer . Dofequidar is a novel , orally active quinoline derivative that reverses multidrug resistance . PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , patients were treated with six cycles of CAF therapy : 28 days/cycle , with doxorubicin ( 25 mg/m2 ) and fluorouracil ( 500 mg/m2 ) administered on days 1 and 8 and cyclophosphamide ( 100 mg orally [ PO ] ) administered on day 1 through 14 . Patients received dofequidar ( 900 mg PO ) 30 minutes before each dose of doxorubicin . Primary end point was overall response rate ( ORR ; partial or complete response ) . In total , 221 patients were assessable . RESULTS ORR was 42.6 % for CAF compared with 53.1 % for dofequidar + CAF , a 24.6 % relative improvement and 10.5 % absolute increase ( P = .077 ) . There was a trend for prolonged progression-free survival ( PFS ; median 241 days for CAF v 366 days for dofequidar + CAF ; P = .145 ) . In retrospectively defined subgroups , significant improvement in PFS in favor of dofequidar was observed in patients who were premenopausal , had no prior therapy , and were stage IV at diagnosis with an intact primary tumor . Except for neutropenia and leukopenia , there was no statistically significant excess of grade 3/4 adverse events compared with CAF . Treatment with dofequidar did not affect the plasma concentration of doxorubicin . CONCLUSION Dofequidar + CAF was well tolerated and is suggested to have efficacy in patients who had not received prior therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1875
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29231",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dofequidar fumarate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29232",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29233",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dofequidar plus cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil ( CAF ) therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29234",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CAF alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
320
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29235",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29236",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CAF"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29237",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29238",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluorouracil"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29239",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29240",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dofequidar ( 900 mg PO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
818,
842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29241",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29242",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CAF"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29243",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dofequidar + CAF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1071,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29244",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dofequidar"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29245",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dofequidar + CAF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1757,
1773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29246",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29247",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"overall response rate ( ORR ; partial or complete response ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29248",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ORR"
],
"offsets": [
[
934,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29249",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"prolonged progression-free survival ( PFS ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29250",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1224,
1227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29251",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neutropenia and leukopenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1540,
1566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29252",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma concentration of doxorubicin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1708,
1745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29253",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced or recurrent breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29254",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced or recurrent breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29255",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"221"
],
"offsets": [
[
984,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29256",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"premenopausal"
],
"offsets": [
[
1428,
1441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29257",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"no prior therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29258",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"intact primary tumor"
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1526
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29259",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"not received prior therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1847,
1873
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29260 | 17179873 | [
{
"id": "29261",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Depression and anxiety in women with breast cancer and their partners . BACKGROUND Psychosocial interventions can improve psychological quality of life ( symptoms of depression and anxiety ) of both women with breast cancer and their partners , but are not offered routinely to women and their partners . OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions decrease depression and anxiety in women with breast cancer and their partners . METHODS The design of the study was a three-wave repeated measures with a between-subjects factor ( treatment group ) . Ninety-six women and their 96 partners were assigned randomly to participate in one of three different 6-week programs : ( a ) telephone interpersonal counseling ( TIP-C ) ; ( b ) self-managed exercise ; or ( c ) attention control ( AC ) . RESULTS The mixed-model analysis of variance for symptoms of depression among women with breast cancer revealed women 's depressive symptom scores decreased over time in all groups . For anxiety , women 's symptoms of anxiety decreased in the TIP-C and exercise groups over time , but not in the AC group . A parallel set of analyses was conducted on partners ' depression and anxiety data . Symptoms of depression and anxiety among the partners decreased substantially over the course of the investigation . Similar to the women , partners ' symptoms of anxiety decreased significantly in the TIP-C and exercise groups , but not in the AC group . DISCUSSION Findings from this study support that these telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions were effective for decreasing symptoms of depression and anxiety to improve psychological quality of life when compared to an AC group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1717
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29262",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Psychosocial interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29263",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29264",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"telephone interpersonal counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
752
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29265",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"( TIP-C )"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29266",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"self-managed exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29267",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"attention control"
],
"offsets": [
[
804,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29268",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"( AC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
828
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29269",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"TIP-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29270",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"TIP-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29271",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29272",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29273",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychological quality of life ( symptoms of depression and anxiety )"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29274",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29275",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29276",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"symptoms of depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29277",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"women 's depressive symptom scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29278",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"symptoms of anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29279",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"partners ' depression and anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1182,
1215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29280",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depression and anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29281",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"symptoms of anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29282",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1586,
1595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29283",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29284",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29285",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"psychological quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29286",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29287",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29288",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29289",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29290",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29291",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29292",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29293",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29294",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29295",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29296",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29297",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ninety-six women"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
607
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29298",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"96 partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29299",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29300",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29301",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29302",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners '"
],
"offsets": [
[
1182,
1192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29303",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29304",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29305",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"partners"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29306 | 17194950 | [
{
"id": "29307",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Music or guided imagery for women undergoing colposcopy : a randomized controlled study of effects on anxiety , perceived pain , and patient satisfaction . OBJECTIVE It was hypothesized that music or guided imagery versus usual care would result in less anxiety and perceived pain for colposcopy patients . MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomized to music , guided imagery , or usual care after completing a baseline questionnaire . All patients completed a postprocedure questionnaire . RESULTS Study participants ( N=170 ) had a mean age of 28.4 years ( SD=9.6 ; range 18-60 ) and formed a racially diverse group . Education/income levels were low . No between-group differences were found for postprocedure anxiety or pain rating . CONCLUSIONS Mind-body interventions had no statistically significant impact on reported anxiety , perceived pain , or satisfaction with care , even for those who anticipated the most pain or started with high anxiety ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
960
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29308",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Music or guided imagery"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29309",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"colposcopy :"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29310",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"music or guided imagery versus usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29311",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"music , guided imagery , or usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29312",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"baseline questionnaire ."
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29313",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"postprocedure questionnaire ."
],
"offsets": [
[
465,
494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29314",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Mind-body interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
754,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29315",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29316",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"perceived pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29317",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29318",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29319",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"perceived pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29320",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"postprocedure anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29321",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain rating"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29322",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29323",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"perceived pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29324",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"satisfaction with care"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
882
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29325 | 17196275 | [
{
"id": "29326",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang , an extract of cholestin , decreases plasma inflammatory markers and endothelin-1 , improve exercise-induced ischemia and subjective feelings in patients with cardiac syndrome X . Previous studies have demonstrated that Xuezhikang , an extract of cholestin , available from Chinese red yeast rice , could effectively modify lipid profile . The present study was undertaken to investigate whether Xuezhikang could modify endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and exercise-induced ischemia in patients with cardiac syndrome X ( CSX ) . Thirty-six patients with CSX were randomly assigned to 1200 mg/d of Xuezhikang or placebo group ( n=18 respectively ) . Blood samples were drawn at day 0 and day 90 for measuring above parameters . The treadmill exercise tests and subjective feelings were also assessed at day 0 and day 90 . The data showed that Xuezhikang therapy resulted in significant reductions in total cholesterol ( TC , 19 % ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) ( 26 % ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) compared with baseline ( 16 % , p < 0.01 respectively ) . The data also showed that Xuezhikang led significantly to reductions in median and log-CRP levels ( 38 % and 44 % , p < 0.01 respectively ) , IL-6 ( 20 % , p < 0.01 ) , and ET-1 ( 47 % , p < 0.01 ) compared with baseline . The exercise duration , and time to 1 mm ST-segment depression was significantly prolonged after Xuezhikang therapy ( 9 % and 6 % , p < 0.05 respectively ) accompanied by improvement of subjective feelings . Data suggested that the benefit of Xuezhikang resulted in significant modification vascular function by reduction of ET-1 , inflammatory markers and LDL cholesterol , which may be clinically important for patients with CSX ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1800
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29327",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29328",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29329",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29330",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29331",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29332",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29333",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29334",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29335",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Xuezhikang"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29336",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total cholesterol ( TC"
],
"offsets": [
[
971,
993
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29337",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1005,
1050
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29338",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"triglycerides ( TG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1086
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29339",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reductions in median and log-CRP levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1203,
1242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29340",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
472,
476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29341",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ET-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29342",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time to 1 mm ST-segment depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1396,
1430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29343",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improvement of subjective feelings"
],
"offsets": [
[
1539,
1573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29344",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vascular function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1659,
1676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29345",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ET-1 , inflammatory markers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1693,
1720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29346",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1725,
1740
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29347 | 17196973 | [
{
"id": "29348",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Do readers with autism make bridging inferences from world knowledge ? Individuals with autism frequently show impairments in text reading comprehension . This often is attributed to poor ability to draw inferences during reading and to inadequate access to relevant knowledge . The current study tested this hypothesis by measuring the time taken to read the same question , relating to either physical or social world knowledge , when it was either relevant or irrelevant to the bridging inference evoked by a preceding two-sentence vignette . In the study , 16 normally developing adolescents and 16 adolescents with autism were matched on word reading accuracy , chronological age , and vocabulary but differed significantly in text comprehension . A strong priming effect was found , robust over participants and over items ; participants read those questions that were relevant to the inference evoked by the vignette faster than they read those questions that were irrelevant , and no interaction with group membership or type of knowledge was found . This indicates that readers with autism , just like controls , were activating appropriate world knowledge primed by implicit inferences while reading the vignettes . Thus , the comprehension problems in these readers can not be attributed to an inability to make implicit inferences or to draw on relevant world knowledge . Instead , we suggest that these problems must be sought at a higher level of text processing ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1478
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29349",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"read the same question , relating to either physical or social world knowledge , when it was either relevant or irrelevant to the bridging inference evoked by a preceding two-sentence vignette"
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29350",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29351",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"16 normally developing"
],
"offsets": [
[
561,
583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29352",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
561,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29353",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29354",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29355 | 17198705 | [
{
"id": "29356",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Principal findings from a multicenter trial investigating the safety of follicular-fluid meiosis-activating sterol for in vitro maturation of human cumulus-enclosed oocytes . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of applying follicular-fluid meiosis-activating sterol ( FF-MAS ) in vitro to immature human oocytes . DESIGN Phase I bicenter , randomized , parallel-group , controlled , partially blinded trial . SETTING Third-level referral academic centers , including reproductive biology and genetics laboratories . PATIENTS Endocrinologically normal women with a medical indication for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection , or healthy volunteers . INTERVENTION ( S ) Subjects were randomized at a ratio 1 to 6 into either conventional GnRH-agonist and recombinant FSH stimulation ( IVO ) for oocyte retrieval , or minimally stimulated in vitro maturation ( IVM ) with the use of recombinant FSH . Retrieved immature oocyte cumulus complexes were cultured for 30 or 36 hours in one of six IVM culture conditions containing FF-MAS ( range , 0.1-20 microM ) . Polar body-extruded oocytes from the IVO and IVM groups were processed for chromosomal analysis . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) The primary endpoint was the incidence of metaphase II stage oocytes with numeric chromosomal abnormalities , using full ( spectral karyotyping ) or partial ( fluorescent in situ hybridization with seven probes ) karyotyping or Giemsa count . A secondary objective was to document the frequency of metaphase II oocytes after IVM with FF-MAS supplements . RESULT ( S ) Oocyte cumulus complexes obtained from the IVO ( mean , 8.9 ) and IVM ( mean , 6.2 ) groups had equal maturation rates . Compared to IVO , exposure of germinal-vesicle oocytes for a maturation period of 30 hours did not increase aneuploidy . An exposure period of 36 hours doubled the aneuploidy rate , but this was significant only for the 20-muM dose of FF-MAS . CONCLUSION Inclusion of 1-10 microM FF-MAS in a 30-hour IVM protocol is safe ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1995
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29357",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"follicular-fluid meiosis-activating sterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29358",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"follicular-fluid meiosis-activating sterol ( FF-MAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29359",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of metaphase II stage oocytes with numeric chromosomal abnormalities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1213,
1291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29360",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequency of metaphase II oocytes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29361",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"equal maturation rates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1648,
1672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29362",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"aneuploidy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1781,
1793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29363",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"aneuploidy rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1837,
1852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29364",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29365",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29366 | 17201277 | [
{
"id": "29367",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ The effects of mexicor on thrombocyte aggregation , blood viscosity , hemodynamics , and the clinical course of coronary artery disease ] . The authors analyze their experience in the application of mexicor , a Russian cytoprotector , in 50patients with chronic coronary artery disease ( CAD ) and 51 patients with acute coronary syndrome . In additional to cytoprotective action , the use of mexidor in complex therapy of CAD lowers the functional activity of thrombocytes , eliminates high blood viscosity syndrome , and lowers low density lipoprotein cholesterol level . These favorable changes in hemorheological parameters improves myocardial perfusion , lowers the strength and frequency of coronary pain attacks , retards postinfarction left ventricular remodeling , and increases the quality of life of patients with various CAD forms ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
846
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29368",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mexicor"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29369",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mexicor"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29370",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
", a Russian cytoprotector"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29371",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mexidor"
],
"offsets": [
[
395,
402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29372",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thrombocyte aggregation"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29373",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood viscosity"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29374",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29375",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional activity of thrombocytes"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29376",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high blood viscosity syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29377",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"low density lipoprotein cholesterol level"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29378",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial perfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
659
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29379",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"strength and frequency of coronary pain attacks"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29380",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postinfarction left ventricular remodeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
731,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29381",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of life of patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29382",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
240,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29383",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic coronary artery disease ( CAD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29384",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"51 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29385",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute coronary syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29386 | 17201540 | [
{
"id": "29387",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Unpacking attitude certainty : attitude clarity and attitude correctness . Attitude certainty has been the subject of considerable attention in the attitudes and persuasion literature . The present research identifies 2 aspects of attitude certainty and provides evidence for the distinctness of the constructs . Specifically , it is proposed that attitude certainty can be conceptualized , and empirically separated , in terms of attitude clarity ( the subjective sense that one knows what one 's attitude is ) and attitude correctness ( the subjective sense that one 's attitude is correct or valid ) . Experiment 1 uses factor analysis and correlational data to provide evidence for viewing attitude clarity and attitude correctness as separate constructs . Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrate that attitude clarity and attitude correctness can have distinct antecedents ( repeated expression and consensus feedback , respectively ) . Experiment 4 reveals that these constructs each play an independent role in persuasion and resistance situations . As clarity and correctness increase , attitudes become more resistant to counterattitudinal persuasive messages . These findings are discussed in relation to the existing attitude strength literature ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1250
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29388",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"attitude clarity"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29389",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"attitude correctness"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29390",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attitude clarity"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29391",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attitude correctness"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29392",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attitude clarity"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29393",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attitude correctness"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29394",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"play an independent role in persuasion and resistance situations"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
1046
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29395",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attitudes become more resistant"
],
"offsets": [
[
1087,
1118
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29396 | 17207470 | [
{
"id": "29397",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Relationship of dietary intake to gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders . BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptoms and abnormalities in stool consistency are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) . The purpose of this study was to 1 ) describe dietary intake of a cohort of children with ASD compared with normative data and 2 ) determine whether GI symptoms and stool consistency are related to dietary intake . METHODS Data from diet diaries of children ( 3-8 years ) with ASD ( n = 62 ) were analyzed by a registered pediatric dietician to compare to RDA standards for total calories , protein , carbohydrate , and fat . Dietary intake was correlated with descriptors of stool consistency using cumulative logistic regression methods . RESULTS Intake of calories , carbohydrates , and fat were in the average range ; protein intake was increased ( 211 % of RDA ) . Reported frequency of GI abnormalities , including abnormal stool consistency ( e.g. , bulky or loose ) , was increased ( 54 % ) . No statistically significant relationships between stool consistency and dietary intake were observed . CONCLUSIONS In this sample , there was a high rate of reported gastrointestinal symptoms , despite lack of medical causes . Intake was adequate for calories and carbohydrates and increased for protein . The children did not exhibit excessive carbohydrate intake . There was no association of nutrient intake to changes in stool consistency ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1524
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29398",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"dietary intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29399",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Data from diet diaries"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29400",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29401",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequency of GI abnormalities"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29402",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abnormal stool consistency"
],
"offsets": [
[
999,
1025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29403",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bulky"
],
"offsets": [
[
1035,
1040
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29404",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"loose"
],
"offsets": [
[
1044,
1049
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29405",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29406",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children with autistic spectrum disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29407 | 17208334 | [
{
"id": "29408",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Two randomized studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of dapsone gel , 5 % for the treatment of acne vulgaris . BACKGROUND A new aqueous gel formulation of dapsone has been developed that allows clinically-effective doses of dapsone to be administered topically with minimal systemic absorption . OBJECTIVES The goal of these studies was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapsone gel , 5 % in the treatment of acne . METHODS Patients 12 years of age and older with acne vulgaris ( N = 3010 ) participated in two identically-designed 12-week , randomized , double-blind studies of twice-daily monotherapy with dapsone gel , 5 % , versus a vehicle gel . RESULTS Dapsone gel-treated patients achieved superior results in terms of the investigator 's global acne assessment ( P < .001 ) and the mean percentage reduction in inflammatory , noninflammatory , and total lesion counts ( all , P < .001 ) at week 12 . Reductions in inflammatory lesion counts favoring dapsone gel over vehicle were apparent as early as 2 weeks and reached statistical significance by 4 weeks . No clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters , including hemoglobin , even among glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient patients , were observed . Adverse events were comparable between the treatment groups and rarely led to discontinuation . LIMITATIONS Adjunctive topical treatments and their impact on acne were not studied in this trial . CONCLUSIONS Dapsone gel , 5 % appears to be an effective , safe , and well-tolerated treatment for acne vulgaris , with a rapid onset of action ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1585
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29409",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dapsone gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29410",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dapsone"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29411",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dapsone"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29412",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dapsone gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29413",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"monotherapy with dapsone gel , 5"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29414",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vehicle gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
659
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29415",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dapsone gel-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29416",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dapsone gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29417",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dapsone gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29418",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29419",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29420",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29421",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29422",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in inflammatory , noninflammatory , and total lesion counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29423",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory lesion counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
933,
959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29424",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemoglobin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1149,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29425",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1244,
1258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29426",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acne vulgaris"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29427",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acne vulgaris"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29428",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Patients 12 years of age and older"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29429",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acne vulgaris"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29430",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"N = 3010"
],
"offsets": [
[
491,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29431 | 1721246 | [
{
"id": "29432",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Bradykinin-induced cough reflex markedly increases in patients with cough associated with captopril and enalapril . We studied the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors on cough responses to bradykinin ( BK ) , substance P ( SP ) and citric acid in a double blind , random study on 10 hypertensive patients receiving ACE inhibitors . Of these patients , five had reported cough with ACE inhibitors . Cough responses to citric acid were similar between patients with and without cough , and SP up to 10 ( -5 ) M did not cause cough in any of the subjects . BK caused cough at 13.4 +/- 1.2 ( -log M ) in 5 patients with cough associated with ACE inhibitors , but it did not cause cough at concentrations up to 10 ( -5 ) M in other 5 patients . One month after the withdrawal of ACE inhibitors , 5 patients were free from cough symptoms , and BK did not cause cough up to 10 ( -5 ) M in these patients , except for one who coughed at 10 ( -9 ) M , without changes in responses to citric acid . BK caused cough at 14.3 +/- 0.7 ( -log M ) although BK1-7 , a major metabolite of BK by ACE , caused cough at 5.7 +/- 0.7 ( -log M ) in another 3 patients with cough associated with ACE inhibitor . These results suggest that impaired metabolism of BK induced by ACE inhibitors may relate to the manifestation of cough in hypertensive patients receiving ACE inhibitors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1382
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29433",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cough responses to bradykinin ( BK )"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29435",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"substance P ( SP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29436",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"citric acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29437",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29438",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29439",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BK"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29440",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29441",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29442",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29443",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29444",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
841,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29445",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29446",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29447",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29448",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cough associated with captopril and enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29449",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29450",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensive"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29451",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"five"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29452",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29453",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"5"
],
"offsets": [
[
527,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29454",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"5"
],
"offsets": [
[
527,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29455",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"5"
],
"offsets": [
[
527,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29456 | 1722167 | [
{
"id": "29457",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"5 alpha-metabolism in finasteride-treated subjects and male pseudohermaphrodites with inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency . A review . Male pseudohermaphrodites ( MPHs ) with inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency and decreased dihydrotestosterone production have a global defect in 5 alpha-metabolism affecting both C19 androgen metabolism and C21 steroid metabolism . However , the decreased 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is the only impaired steroid conversion to have clinical consequences , e.g. , ambiguous genitalia , impaired prostate differentiation and development , and decreased facial and body hair . The 5 alpha-steroid metabolite profile in the MPHs was compared with that of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were administered varying doses of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride . Finasteride was found to be a potent inhibitor of both C19 androgen and C21 5 alpha-steroid metabolism affecting both hepatic and peripheral 5 alpha-metabolism . The 5 alpha-steroid metabolite profile was strikingly similar to that of MPHs with inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency . The data suggest that a 5 alpha-reductase gene codes for an enzyme with affinity for multiple steroid substrates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1244
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29458",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"finasteride-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29459",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
841
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29460",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Finasteride"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29461",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ambiguous genitalia , impaired prostate differentiation and development"
],
"offsets": [
[
533,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29462",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"decreased facial and body hair"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29463",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"5 alpha-steroid metabolite profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29464",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C19 androgen and C21 5 alpha-steroid metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
899,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29465",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hepatic and peripheral 5 alpha-metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
1003
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"affinity for multiple steroid substrates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1202,
1244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29467",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"finasteride-treated subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29468",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pseudohermaphrodites"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29469",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29470",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Male pseudohermaphrodites ( MPHs ) with inherited 5 alpha-reductase deficiency and decreased dihydrotestosterone production"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29471",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"men with benign prostatic hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29472 | 17224353 | [
{
"id": "29473",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dynamic surface electromyographic responses in chronic low back pain treated by traditional bone setting and conventional physical therapy . OBJECTIVE This study compared the dynamic surface electromyographic ( EMG ) activities of back muscles and pain before and after traditional bone setting and physical therapy . METHODS This study was a prospective clinical trial that compared surface EMG dynamic activities after traditional bone setting and physical therapy . Sixty-one patients ( mean age , 41 years ) with nonspecific low back pain were randomized into two subgroups by treatment . The patients underwent a dynamic EMG evaluation for which they were asked to stand and then bend forward as far as possible , stay fully flexed , and return to standing . A flexion-relaxation ratio was calculated by comparing maximal EMG activity while flexing with the average EMG activity in full flexion . Concentric ( maximal EMG activity during extension ) and eccentric ( maximal EMG activity during flexion ) ratios were also used in the analyses . RESULTS Disability , depression , and visual analog scale scores decreased significantly after both treatments . The concentric ratio increased statistically in both groups after the treatments . The study failed to show a significant association between experienced back pain and EMG parameters . CONCLUSIONS Both treatments seem to have a positive influence on back muscle function by improving muscle symmetry ; however , the treatments had no effect on the flexion-relaxation phenomenon after 1 month . Active back exercise at home together with rehabilitation treatments might be effective and improve function for patients with chronic low back pain ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1706
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29474",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"traditional bone setting and conventional physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29475",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"traditional bone setting and physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29476",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"traditional bone setting and physical therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29477",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"dynamic EMG evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29478",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Active back exercise at home"
],
"offsets": [
[
1556,
1584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29479",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"treatments"
],
"offsets": [
[
1149,
1159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29480",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"surface electromyographic responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29481",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dynamic surface electromyographic ( EMG ) activities"
],
"offsets": [
[
175,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29482",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"surface EMG dynamic activities"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29483",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dynamic EMG evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
618,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29484",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"flexion-relaxation ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29485",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximal EMG activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
819,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29486",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Concentric ( maximal EMG activity during extension ) and eccentric ( maximal EMG activity during flexion ) ratios"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
1015
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1057,
1067
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29488",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1070,
1080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29489",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual analog scale scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1087,
1113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29490",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentric ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
1166,
1182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29491",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EMG parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1330,
1344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29492",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle symmetry ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
1446,
1463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29493",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"flexion-relaxation phenomenon"
],
"offsets": [
[
1510,
1539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29494",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29495",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Sixty-one patients ( mean age , 41 years ) with nonspecific low back pain were randomized"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29496 | 1723467 | [
{
"id": "29497",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of nifedipine and nitrendipine on insulin secretion in obese patients . Data on the influence of calcium antagonists on glucose tolerance and insulin release in humans are conflicting . The present double-blind , double-dummy , controlled trial was designed to investigate the effect of a short-term ( 7 days ) treatment with nitrendipine , 20 mg b.i.d . ; nitrendipine , 20 mg once daily ; or placebo on blood glucose and plasma insulin and C-peptide response to an intravenous glucose load in mildly or transiently hypertensive nondiabetic obese patients . No statistically significant differences were found in fasting glucose , insulin , and C-peptide , or in the glucose disappearance rate and in any of the parameters for insulin and C-peptide response after i.v . glucose , between the three groups of patients . However , a slight decrease in early insulin response to glucose was observed in the nifedipine and the nitrendipine groups . This study confirms that calcium antagonists have no clinically relevant effect on glucose homeostasis even if a slight alteration of insulin release after glucose load can not be ruled out ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1145
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29499",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrendipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29500",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrendipine , 20 mg b.i.d . ; nitrendipine , 20 mg once daily ; or placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
334,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29501",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin secretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29502",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glucose tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
128,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29503",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin release"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29504",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood glucose"
],
"offsets": [
[
413,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29505",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29506",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C-peptide response"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29507",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fasting glucose"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C-peptide"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29510",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"in the glucose disappearance rate and in any of the parameters for insulin and C-peptide response"
],
"offsets": [
[
669,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29511",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"early insulin response to glucose"
],
"offsets": [
[
859,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29512",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"clinically relevant effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1007,
1033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29513",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"obese"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29514",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mildly or transiently hypertensive nondiabetic obese"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29515 | 17241298 | [
{
"id": "29516",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of 7-day and 14-day proton pump inhibitor-containing triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication : neither treatment duration provides acceptable eradication rate in Korea . BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although triple combination therapy containing a proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) and two antibiotics is considered as a standard regimen for the first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment , there are still debates on the ideal duration of treatment . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of 7-day and 14-day PPI-containing triple therapy . MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed in a randomized , multicenter , prospective manner . After upper gastrointestinal endoscopy , H. pylori-infected patients with a gastric ulcer and/or a duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to a PAC7 group ( omeprazole 20 mg or equivalent dose of other PPIs , amoxicillin 1000 mg , and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 7 days ) or to a PAC14 group ( the same regimen as the PAC7 group but for 14 days ) . H. pylori status was evaluated by ( 13 ) C urea breath test 5 weeks after anti-ulcer treatment completion . RESULTS A total of 598 patients were enrolled ; 337 were randomized to the PAC7 group and 261 to the PAC14 group . The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics . The eradication rates of the PAC7 group were not inferior to those of the PAC14 group in both intention-to-treat analysis ( 71.2 % vs. 75.5 % ) and per-protocol analysis ( 83.6 % vs. 86.6 % ) . Incidences of adverse events were comparable . CONCLUSIONS Although the 7-day PPI-containing triple anti-H. pylori therapy is not inferior to the 14-day therapy , neither treatment duration provides acceptable eradication rate reaching 90 % in per-protocol analysis . New combination regimen with higher efficacy should be developed as a first-line eradication therapy for H. pylori in Korea ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1905
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29517",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"7-day and 14-day proton pump inhibitor-containing triple therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29518",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"triple combination therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29519",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"proton pump inhibitor ( PPI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29520",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"two antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29521",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"7-day and 14-day PPI-containing triple therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
519,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29522",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"upper gastrointestinal endoscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29523",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PAC7"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omeprazole 20 mg or equivalent dose of other PPIs , amoxicillin 1000 mg , and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 7 days )"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PAC14"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29526",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"the same regimen as the PAC7 group but for 14 days"
],
"offsets": [
[
970,
1020
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29527",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PAC7"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29528",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PAC14"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29529",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PAC7"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PAC14"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29531",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"7-day PPI-containing triple anti-H."
],
"offsets": [
[
1584,
1619
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29532",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pylori therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1620,
1634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29533",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"14-day"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29534",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori eradication"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29535",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacies"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29536",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C urea breath"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1079
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29537",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1526,
1540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29538",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"eradication rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29539",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Helicobacter pylori eradication"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29540",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"upper gastrointestinal endoscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29541",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"H. pylori-infected"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29542",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gastric ulcer and/or a duodenal ulcer"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29543",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"598"
],
"offsets": [
[
1152,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29544",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"H. pylori"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
718
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29545 | 17244100 | [
{
"id": "29546",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Can patient coaching reduce racial/ethnic disparities in cancer pain control ? Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial . PURPOSE Minority patients with cancer experience worse control of their pain than do their white counterparts . This disparity may , in part , reflect more miscommunication between minority patients and their physicians . Therefore , we examined whether patient coaching could reduce disparities in pain control in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial . METHODS Sixty-seven English-speaking adult cancer outpatients , including 15 minorities , with moderate pain over the prior 2 weeks were randomly assigned to the experimental ( N = 34 ) or control group ( N = 33 ) . Experimental patients received a 20-minute individualized education and coaching session to increase knowledge of pain self-management , to redress personal misconceptions about pain treatment , and to rehearse an individually scripted patient-physician dialog about pain control . The control group received standardized information on controlling pain . Data on average pain ( 0-10 scale ) were collected at enrollment and 2-week follow-up . RESULTS At enrollment , minority patients had significantly more pain than their white counterparts ( 6.0 vs 5.0 , P = 0.05 ) . At follow-up , minorities in the control group continued to have more pain ( 6.4 vs 4.7 , P = 0.01 ) , whereas in the experimental group , disparities were eliminated ( 4.0 vs 4.3 , P = 0.71 ) . The effect of the intervention on reducing disparities was significant ( P = 0.04 ) . CONCLUSIONS Patient coaching offers promise as a means of reducing racial/ethnic disparities in pain control . Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and to explore possible mechanisms ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1773
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29547",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"patient coaching"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29548",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"patient coaching"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29549",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"20-minute individualized education and coaching session to increase knowledge of pain self-management , to redress personal misconceptions about pain treatment , and to rehearse an individually scripted patient-physician dialog about pain control ."
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29550",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"received"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
750
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29551",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"standardized information on controlling pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1073
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29552",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29553",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Patient coaching"
],
"offsets": [
[
1585,
1601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29554",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"disparities in pain control"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29555",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain control"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29556",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"average pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1084,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29557",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29558",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29559",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"racial/ethnic disparities in pain control"
],
"offsets": [
[
1640,
1681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29560",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Minority patients with cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29561",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"minority patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29562",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29563",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29564",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer outpatients"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29565",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"15"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
580
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29566",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"minority patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29567 | 17244294 | [
{
"id": "29568",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"How does Cash and Counseling affect costs ? OBJECTIVE To test the effect of a consumer-directed model ( Cash and Counseling ) of Medicaid personal care services ( PCS ) or home- and community-based waiver services ( HCBS ) on the cost of Medicaid services . DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Medicaid claims data were collected for all enrollees in the Cash and Counseling demonstration . Demonstration enrollees included those eligible for PCS ( in Arkansas ) , those assessed to receive such services ( in New Jersey ) , and recipients of Medicaid HCBS ( in Florida ) . Enrollment occurred from December 1998 through April 2001 . The follow-up period covered up to 24 months after enrollment . STUDY DESIGN Demonstration volunteers were randomly assigned to have the option to participate in Cash and Counseling ( the treatment group ) , or to receive Medicaid services as usual from an agency ( the control group ) . Ordinary least squares regressions were used to estimate the effect of the program on costs for Medicaid PCS/waiver services and other Medicaid services , while controlling for consumers ' preenrollment characteristics and preenrollment Medicaid spending . Models were estimated separately for nonelderly and elderly adults in each state and for children in Florida . DATA EXTRACTION METHODS Each state supplied claims data for demonstration enrollees . PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Largely because the program increased consumers ' ability to get the authorized amount of paid care , expenditures for personal care/waiver services were higher for the treatment group than for the control group in each state and age group , except among the elderly in Florida . Higher costs for personal care/waiver services were partially offset by savings in other Medicaid services , particularly those related to long-term care . During year 1 , total Medicaid costs were generally higher for the treatment group than for the control group , with treatment-control cost differences ranging from 1 percent ( and statistically insignificant ) for the elderly in Florida to 17 percent for the elderly in Arkansas . In year 2 , these cost differences were generally greater than in year 1 . Only in Arkansas did the treatment-control difference in total cost shrink over time-to less than 5 percent ( and statistically insignificant ) in year 2 . CONCLUSIONS Medicaid costs were generally higher under Cash and Counseling because those in the traditional system did not get the services they were entitled to . Compared with the treatment group , ( 1 ) control group members were less likely to receive any services at all ( despite being authorized for them ) , and ( 2 ) service recipients received a lower proportion of the amount of care that was authorized . In addition , a flaw in Florida 's reassessment procedures led to treatment group members receiving more generous benefit amounts than control group members . To keep total Medicaid costs per recipient at the level incurred under the traditional system , consumer-directed programs need to be carefully designed and closely monitored ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3087
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29569",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Cash and Counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29570",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Cash and Counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29571",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Cash and Counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29572",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Medicaid services as usual from an agency"
],
"offsets": [
[
847,
888
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29573",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Cash and Counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29574",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs for Medicaid PCS/waiver services"
],
"offsets": [
[
999,
1037
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29575",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Medicaid services"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29576",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"expenditures for personal care/waiver services"
],
"offsets": [
[
1488,
1534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29577",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs for personal care/waiver services"
],
"offsets": [
[
1673,
1712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29578",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"total Medicaid costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1838,
1858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29579",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1957,
1973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29580",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost shrink over time-to"
],
"offsets": [
[
2242,
2266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29581",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Medicaid costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1844,
1858
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29582",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"receive any services"
],
"offsets": [
[
2583,
2603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29583",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lower proportion of the amount of care"
],
"offsets": [
[
2691,
2729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29584",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"personal care services ( PCS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29585",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"nonelderly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1207,
1217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29586",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29587",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1267
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29588 | 17252578 | [
{
"id": "29589",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Does ambient light contribute to the therapeutic effects of topical photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) using aminolevulinic acid HCl ( ALA ) ?"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
136
]
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] | [] |
29590 | 1725537 | [
{
"id": "29591",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Role of diltiazem in the treatment of silent myocardial ischemia . Silent myocardial ischemia is a frequent finding when Holter monitoring is done in patients with advanced coronary disease . Silent ischemia is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with stable or unstable angina , survivors of myocardial infarction , and populations at risk for coronary disease . Whether medical therapy for silent ischemia improves prognosis is not known . In a randomized , placebo-controlled , multicenter trial of 60 patients with documented coronary disease , positive exercise tests , and ischemic episodes on Holter monitoring , long-acting diltiazem reduced ischemic episodes by 50 % compared to placebo , from a mean of 5.6 to 2.8 ( p less than 0.0001 ) . Efficacy was maintained over 24 h and diltiazem also significantly improved exercise test parameters . Three smaller studies also demonstrated that diltiazem effectively reduces ambulatory ischemia ; however , results with nifedipine are conflicting , with several studies showing no benefit . In contrast , beta-blockers reliably reduce ischemic episodes . The role of medical therapy for silent ischemia will be clarified only when its effect upon morbidity and mortality are determined ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1249
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29592",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29593",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29594",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29595",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29597",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29598",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischemic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29599",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29600",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"exercise test parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
835,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29601",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ambulatory ischemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29602",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischemic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29603",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced coronary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29604",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29605",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary disease ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
540,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29606 | 17259154 | [
{
"id": "29607",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Effect of ulinastatin on inflammatory responses induced by oesophagectomy ] . OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of ulinastatin ( UTI ) on the inflammatory responses induced by oesophagectomy . METHODS Forty patients with esophageal cancer ( without serious hypertension , heart disease , or respiratory function impairment , including 34 men and 6 women aged 46 to 70 years ) scheduled for oesophagectomy via left thoracotomy were randomly divided into control group ( n=20 ) and UTI group ( n=20 ) . Anesthesia induction and perioperative management followed the same protocols in the two groups , and in UTI group , patients received 5000 U/kg UTI while those in the control group were given the same volume of saline . Before operation ( T ( 1 ) ) , 10 min after recovery of two-lung ventilation ( T ( 2 ) ) , and 24 h ( T ( 3 ) ) and 48 h ( T ( 4 ) ) after operation , the venous blood sample was taken from the internal jugular vein and the plasma was separated and stored at -70 degrees C for later analysis of IL-6 and IL-8 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . The bronchoalveoar lavage fluid ( BAFL ) was also collected at T ( 1 ) and T ( 2 ) for IL-6 and IL-8 detection . RESULTS IL-6 , IL-8 levels in the plasma and BALF collected at T ( 2 ) -T ( 4 ) increased significantly as compared with those in samples collected at T ( 1 ) , and their peak concentration inplasma and BALF samples were similar . IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the UTI group were significantly lower than those in the control group during the time points of T ( 2 ) -T ( 4 ) . CONCLUSION Inflammatory responses occur during and after oesophagectomy , which can be inhibited with UTI ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1673
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29608",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ulinastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29609",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ulinastatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29610",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"oesophagectomy via left thoracotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29611",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Anesthesia induction"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29612",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"received 5000 U/kg UTI"
],
"offsets": [
[
627,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29613",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29614",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29615",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6 , IL-8 levels in the plasma and BALF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1203,
1244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29616",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased significantly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1275,
1298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29617",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak concentration inplasma and BALF"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29618",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
1017,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29619",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-8"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1030
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29620",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"significantly lower"
],
"offsets": [
[
1469,
1488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29621",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inflammatory responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29622",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oesophagectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29623",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inflammatory responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29624",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29625",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"esophageal cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29626",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"serious hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29627",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29628",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"respiratory function impairment"
],
"offsets": [
[
291,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29629",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"34 men"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29630",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"6 women"
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29631",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"46 to 70 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
373
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29632 | 17276748 | [
{
"id": "29633",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Developmental disabilities modification of the Children 's Global Assessment Scale . BACKGROUND Interventions for pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) aim to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning . To measure global functioning in treatment studies , the Children 's Global Assessment Scale was modified and psychometric properties of the revised version ( DD-CGAS ) were assessed in children with PDD . METHODS Developmental disabilities-relevant descriptors were developed for the DD-CGAS , and administration procedures were established to enhance rater consistency . Ratings of clinical case vignettes were used to assess inter-rater reliability and temporal stability . Validity was assessed by correlating the DD-CGAS with measures of functioning and symptoms in 83 youngsters with PDD . Sensitivity to change was assessed by comparing change from baseline to post-treatment with change on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement subscale scores in a subset of 14 children . RESULTS Inter-rater reliability ( intraclass correlation coefficient [ ICC ] = .79 ) and temporal stability ( average ICC = .86 ) were excellent . The DD-CGAS scores correlated with measures of functioning and symptoms with moderate to large effect sizes . Changes on the DD-CGAS correlated with changes on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-I ( r = -.71 ) and Global Impressions Scale-I ( r = -.52 ) . The pre-post DD-CGAS change had an effect size of .72 . CONCLUSIONS The DD-CGAS is a reliable instrument with apparent convergent validity for measuring global functioning of children with PDD in treatment studies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1655
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29634",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Interventions"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29635",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"psychometric properties of the revised version ( DD-CGAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
318,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29636",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Inter-rater reliability ( intraclass correlation coefficient [ ICC ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29637",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"temporal stability ( average ICC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1129,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29638",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"DD-CGAS scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29639",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"functioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29640",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29641",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"DD-CGAS"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29642",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Aberrant Behavior Checklist-I"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29643",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Global Impressions Scale-I"
],
"offsets": [
[
1398,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29644",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"pre-post DD-CGAS change"
],
"offsets": [
[
1444,
1467
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29645 | 17276750 | [
{
"id": "29646",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Positive effects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders : an analysis of secondary measures . BACKGROUND Methylphenidate has been shown elsewhere to improve hyperactivity in about half of treated children who have pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD ) and significant hyperactive-inattentive symptoms . We present secondary analyses to better define the scope of effects of methylphenidate on symptoms that define attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) , as well as the core autistic symptom domain of repetitive behavior . METHODS Sixty-six children ( mean age 7.5 y ) with autistic disorder , Asperger 's disorder , and PDD not otherwise specified , were randomized to varying sequences of placebo and three different doses of methylphenidate during a 4-week blinded , crossover study . Methylphenidate doses used approximated .125 , .25 , and .5 mg/kg per dose , twice daily , with an additional half-dose in the late afternoon . Outcome measures included the Swanson , Nolan , and Pelham Questionnaire revised for DSM-IV ( ADHD and ODD scales ) and the Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales for PDD . RESULTS Methylphenidate was associated with significant improvement that was most evident at the .25- and .5-mg/kg doses . Hyperactivity and impulsivity improved more than inattention . There were not significant effects on ODD or stereotyped and repetitive behavior . CONCLUSIONS Convergent evidence from different assessments and raters confirms methylphenidate 's efficacy in relieving ADHD symptoms in some children with PDD . Optimal dose analyses suggested significant interindividual variability in dose response ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1746
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29647",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29648",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29649",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29650",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
799,
806
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29651",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylphenidate"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29652",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"inattention"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29653",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29654",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29655",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Swanson , Nolan , and Pelham Questionnaire revised for DSM-IV ( ADHD and ODD scales )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1070,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29656",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Children 's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales for PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1164,
1222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29657",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Hyperactivity and impulsivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1348,
1377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29658",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"inattention"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29659",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"ODD or stereotyped and repetitive behavior ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1493
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29660",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1592,
1600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29661",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ADHD symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1614,
1627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29662",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inattention and hyperactivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29663",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pervasive developmental disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29664",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pervasive developmental disorders ( PDD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
264,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29665",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"significant hyperactive-inattentive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29666",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29667",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29668",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age 7.5 y"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29669",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder , Asperger 's disorder , and PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29670",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29671",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PDD"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29672 | 17276969 | [
{
"id": "29673",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of sibutramine on thermogenesis in obese patients assessed via immersion calorimetry . Glucose utilization studies show that sibutramine-induced thermogenesis is mediated via selective sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue . The goal of the present study was to use a new calorimetry method in which resting metabolic rate is enhanced to evaluate the effects of sibutramine treatment on thermogenesis . Sixty obese women were included in the study . Subjects were divided into 2 equal groups-the placebo and sibutramine treatment groups . The sibutramine group was given sibutramine 10 mg daily for 12 wk . At baseline and at the end of the 12-wk treatment period , thermogenic measurements were taken with the use of water immersion calorimetry . Subjects were examined at weeks 4 , 8 , and 12 of treatment to identify adverse effects . Body mass index , measured at 31.5+/-2.05 kg/m2 in the placebo group , decreased to 30.4+/-2.94 kg/m ( 2 ) after 12 wk ( P=.07 ) . In the sibutramine group , it decreased from 33.5+/-4.1 kg/m ( 2 ) to 30.9+/-4.8 kg/m ( 2 ) ( P < .05 ) . In the sibutramine group , mean thermogenic response changed from a baseline value of 1.27+/-0.29 kcal/kg/h to 1.44+/-0.13 kcal/kg/h after 12 wk of treatment . In the placebo group , the baseline value was 1.56+/-0.27 kcal/kg/h ; it changed to 1.33+/-0.36 kcal/kg/h at the end of 12 wk . The findings of this study suggest that sibutramine treatment promotes thermogenesis , thus facilitating weight loss . Calorimetry enhances resting metabolism through more efficient heat transfer from the body ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1591
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29674",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29675",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine-induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29676",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29677",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29678",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29679",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29680",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29681",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29682",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibutramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29683",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"water immersion calorimetry"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29684",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Body mass index"
],
"offsets": [
[
855,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29685",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean thermogenic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29686",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thermogenesis"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29687",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1485,
1496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29688",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resting metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
1520,
1538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29689",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heat transfer from the body"
],
"offsets": [
[
1562,
1589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29690",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"obese patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29691",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Sixty obese women were included in the study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29692 | 17280773 | [
{
"id": "29693",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia : a double-blind , placebo-controlled study . OBJECTIVES To investigate efficacy , safety , and impact on quality of sleep of desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia . METHODS Adults aged > or =18 yr with nocturia ( > or =2 voids/night ) received desmopressin tablets ( 0.1 , 0.2 , or 0.4 mg ) during a 3-wk dose-titration period . Patients should show sufficient response during the dose-titration period ( > or =20 % reduction in nocturnal diuresis ) and a return of nocturnal diuresis to > or =80 % of baseline levels during washout . Eligible patients then entered a 3-wk double-blind treatment period and received either desmopressin or placebo . RESULTS 127 patients were randomised to either desmopressin ( n=61 ) or placebo ( n=66 ) . Twenty ( 33 % ) desmopressin-treated patients compared with seven ( 11 % ) placebo-treated patients showed a clinical response , defined as a > or =50 % reduction in the number of nocturnal voids compared with baseline ( p=0.0014 ) . Compared with placebo , desmopressin resulted in a significant reduction in the mean number of nocturnal voids ( 39 % reduction with desmopressin vs. 15 % with placebo ; absolute difference -0.84 , p < 0.0001 ) and duration of the first sleep period ( prolonged by 108 min with desmopressin vs. 41 min with placebo ; p < 0.0001 ) . Quality of sleep was also improved with desmopressin versus placebo ( statistically significant for one of the two parameters evaluated ) . Adverse events were mainly mild . CONCLUSIONS Oral desmopressin tablets provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for nocturia . Compared with placebo , nocturnal voiding frequency is reduced , duration of the first sleep period is increased , and sleep quality may be improved ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1780
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29694",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29695",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29696",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29697",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29698",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29699",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29700",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29701",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"desmopressin-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29702",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29703",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29704",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29705",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29706",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29707",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29708",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29712",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy , safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29713",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality of sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29714",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of nocturnal voids"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
982
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29715",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean number of nocturnal voids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1101,
1131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29716",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of the first sleep period"
],
"offsets": [
[
1236,
1270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29717",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Quality of sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29718",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29719",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nocturnal voiding frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
1654,
1681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29720",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep quality"
],
"offsets": [
[
1749,
1762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29721",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nocturia :"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29722",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Adults aged > or =18 yr with nocturia ( > or =2 voids/night )"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
281
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29723 | 1728202 | [
{
"id": "29724",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) as adjunct therapy in relapsed Hodgkin disease . OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and economic effects of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) as adjunct therapy in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease . DESIGN A randomized , double-blind , phase III clinical trial . SETTING A tertiary referral center . PATIENTS Twenty-four patients ( twelve of whom were controls ) treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation . MAIN RESULTS The 12 patients treated with GM-CSF , when compared with placebo recipients , had shorter periods of neutropenia ( median duration of an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1000 cells/mm3 , 16 days compared with 27 days ; P = 0.02 ) , shorter periods of platelet-transfusion dependency ( median duration , 13.5 days compared with 21 days ; P = 0.03 ) , and shorter hospitalizations ( median hospital stay , 32 days compared with 40.5 days ; P = 0.004 ) . Other clinical outcomes , such as frequency and severity of toxicities , development of pneumonia or infection , in-hospital death , and response rate were similar in the two groups . Actuarial long-term disease-free survival was 64 % for patients treated with GM-CSF and 58 % for patients who received placebo after 32 months of follow-up ( P = 0.15 ) . The group treated with GM-CSF had lower total charges after infusion of autologous marrow than the placebo group ( median in-hospital charges , $ 39,800 compared with $ 62,500 ; P = 0.005 ) because of lower post-infusion charges for room and board , antibiotic therapy , transfusions , laboratory tests , and physical therapy visits . CONCLUSIONS Administration of GM-CSF was associated with acceleration of myeloid and platelet recovery and was cost effective in the treatment of patients with relapsed Hodgkin disease who received intensive chemotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1920
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29725",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29726",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29727",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"high-dose chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29728",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"autologous bone marrow transplantation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29729",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GM-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29730",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29731",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GM-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29732",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29733",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GM-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29734",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29735",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GM-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29736",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"periods of neutropenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
662
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29737",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shorter periods of platelet-transfusion dependency"
],
"offsets": [
[
788,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29738",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"shorter hospitalizations"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29739",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"frequency and severity of toxicities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1042,
1078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29740",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"development of pneumonia or infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1081,
1118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29741",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"in-hospital death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1121,
1138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29742",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"response rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1145,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29743",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"long-term disease-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1202,
1233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29744",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower total charges after infusion of autologous marrow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1397,
1452
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29745",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower post-infusion charges"
],
"offsets": [
[
1564,
1591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29746",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acceleration of myeloid and platelet recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1755,
1800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29747",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1809,
1823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29748",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"relapsed Hodgkin disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29749",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29750 | 17286730 | [
{
"id": "29751",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The patient experience of community hospital -- the process of care as a determinant of satisfaction . AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We report findings from a qualitative study to identify patient views of community hospital care . We consider how far these were in accord with the hospital staffs ' views . This constituted part of a wider randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) . The methodological challenges in seeking to identify patient satisfaction and in linking qualitative findings with trial results are explored . DESIGN A sample of 13 patients randomized to the community hospital arm of the RCT joined the qualitative study . Official documentation from the hospital were accessed and six staff interviewed to identify assumptions underlying practice . RESULTS Analysis of interviews identified a complex picture concerning expectations These could be classified as ideal , realistic , normative and unformed . The hospital philosophy and staff views about service delivery were closely in harmony , they delivered rehabilitation in a home-based atmosphere . The formal , or 'hard ' , process of rehabilitation was not well understood by patients . They were primarily concerned with 'soft ' or process issues -- where and how care was delivered . CONCLUSIONS We identify a model of community hospital care that incorporates technical aspects of rehabilitation within a human approach that is welcomed by patients . If patients are to be able to participate in making informed decisions about care , the rationale for the activities of staff need to be more clearly explained . Recommendations are made about the appropriate scope of qualitative findings in the context of trials and about techniques to access patient views in areas where they have difficulty in expressing critical impressions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1798
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29752",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"community hospital -- the process of care"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29753",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"community hospital care"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29754",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"qualitative study"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29755",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"interviews"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
784
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29756",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29757",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"qualitative findings"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29758",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"staff views"
],
"offsets": [
[
940,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29759",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"formal , or 'hard ' , process of rehabilitation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29760",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29761",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29762 | 17290062 | [
{
"id": "29763",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer : a multicenter randomized controlled trial . PURPOSE To test the effectiveness of supplementing usual supportive care with aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in cancer patients through a pragmatic two-arm randomized controlled trial in four United Kingdom cancer centers and a hospice . PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred eighty-eight cancer patients , referred to complementary therapy services with clinical anxiety and/or depression , were allocated randomly to a course of aromatherapy massage or usual supportive care alone . RESULTS Patients who received aromatherapy massage had no significant improvement in clinical anxiety and/or depression compared with those receiving usual care at 10 weeks postrandomization ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.3 ; 95 % CI , 0.9 to 1.7 ; P = .1 ) , but did at 6 weeks postrandomization ( OR , 1.4 ; 95 % CI , 1.1 to 1.9 ; P = .01 ) . Patients receiving aromatherapy massage also described greater improvement in self-reported anxiety at both 6 and 10 weeks postrandomization ( OR , 3.4 ; 95 % CI , 0.2 to 6.7 ; P = .04 and OR , 3.4 ; 95 % CI , 0.2 to 6.6 ; P = .04 ) , respectively . CONCLUSION Aromatherapy massage does not appear to confer benefit on cancer patients ' anxiety and/or depression in the long-term , but is associated with clinically important benefit up to 2 weeks after the intervention ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1476
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29764",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"aromatherapy massage"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29765",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"aromatherapy massage"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29766",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"aromatherapy massage"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29767",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"usual supportive care alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29768",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"aromatherapy massage"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29769",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"aromatherapy massage"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29770",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Aromatherapy massage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1265,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29771",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29772",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety and depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29773",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29774",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"clinical anxiety and/or depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
536,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29775",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"self-reported anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1082,
1103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29776",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29777",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29778",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1319
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29779 | 17297323 | [
{
"id": "29780",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Combination of arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in a porcine model of lavage-induced acute lung injury : a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND To compare the combined effects of arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist ( AV-ECLA ) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation ( HFOV ) on pulmonary gas exchange , hemodynamics , and respiratory parameters in a lavage-induced porcine lung injury model . METHODS A prospective , randomized animal study . Saline lung lavage was performed in 33 healthy female pigs , weighing 52 +/- 4.1 kg ( mean +/- SD ) , until the Pao2 decreased to 53 +/- 8 mm Hg . After a stabilization period of 60 minutes , the animals were randomly assigned to four groups : group 1 , pressure-controlled ventilation ( PCV ) with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg ; group 2 , PCV with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg and AV-ECLA ; group 3 , HFOV ; group 4 , HFOV and AV-ECLA . In groups 2 and 4 , the femoral artery and vein were cannulated and a low-resistance membrane lung was interposed . After isolated evaluation of AV-ECLA , the mean airway pressure was increased by 3 cm H2O from 16 to 34 cm H2O every 20 minutes , accompanied by blood gas analyses and measurements of respiratory and hemodynamic variables . RESULTS Only in AV-ECLA-treated animals was normocapnia achieved . No significant increase of Pao2 attributable to AV-ECLA alone was detected . Mean airway pressure augmentation resulted in a significant increase in Pao2 in all groups . Peak inspiratory pressure was significantly lower in HFOV-treated animals . CONCLUSIONS The combination of AV-ECLA and HFOV resulted in normocapnia and comparable Pao2 , although a smaller ventilator pressure amplitude was applied . Long-term animal studies are needed to assess whether this approach results in further lung protection ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1853
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29781",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29782",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"high-frequency oscillatory ventilation"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29783",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist ( AV-ECLA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
286
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29784",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"high-frequency oscillatory ventilation ( HFOV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
291,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29785",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Saline lung lavage"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29786",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pressure-controlled ventilation ( PCV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29787",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PCV"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29788",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"AV-ECLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29789",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
";"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29790",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HFOV"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29791",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HFOV and AV-ECLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29792",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"AV-ECLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29793",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"AV-ECLA-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1295,
1310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29794",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"AV-ECLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29795",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"AV-ECLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29796",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"HFOV"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29797",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary gas exchange , hemodynamics , and respiratory parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
342,
408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29798",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean airway pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29799",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood gas analyses and measurements of respiratory and hemodynamic variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
1200,
1276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29800",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"normocapnia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29801",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Pao2 attributable"
],
"offsets": [
[
1373,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29802",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean airway pressure augmentation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1423,
1456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29803",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Peak inspiratory pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1516,
1541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29804",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"normocapnia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29805",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Pao2"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29806",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lavage-induced acute lung injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29807",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"33"
],
"offsets": [
[
543,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29808",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29809 | 17297382 | [
{
"id": "29810",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Safety trial of the vaginal microbicide cellulose sulfate gel in HIV-positive men . OBJECTIVE Cellulose sulfate ( CS ) is a promising vaginal microbicide . Because men will be exposed to the microbicide when engaging in vaginal intercourse , safety and acceptability need to be assessed in men . DESIGN This randomized double-blind phase I study assessed the safety and acceptability of seven consecutive daily doses of CS versus KY Jelly in 36 HIV-positive men . RESULTS No new or worsening of existing genital findings were observed during the follow-up examination . Mild genital symptoms were reported in 42 % of CS users ( itching , burning , tingling , testicular pain , dysuria , and warm or cold feeling ) and 8 % of KY Jelly users . CONCLUSION CS gel applied to the penis was well tolerated in this HIV-positive male population . The itching and burning symptoms were not severe and can be explained by the preservative benzyl alcohol present in the CS gel ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
967
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29811",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vaginal microbicide cellulose sulfate gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29812",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cellulose sulfate ( CS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29813",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CS"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29814",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KY Jelly"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29815",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CS"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29816",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"KY"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29817",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CS"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29818",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CS"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29819",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and acceptability"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29820",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety and acceptability"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29821",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"new or worsening of existing genital findings"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29822",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mild genital symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
570,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29823",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"itching"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29824",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"burning"
],
"offsets": [
[
638,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29825",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tingling"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
656
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29826",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"testicular pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29827",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dysuria"
],
"offsets": [
[
677,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29828",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"warm or cold feeling"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29829",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
790,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29830",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"itching and burning"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
862
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29831",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV-positive"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29832",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29833",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29834",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29835",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29836",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV-positive"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29837",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29838",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV-positive"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29839",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
821,
825
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29840 | 17302075 | [
{
"id": "29841",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide and sevoflurane during pediatric anesthesia : evaluation of an anesthetic gas extractor ] . OBJECTIVES To determine the level of occupational exposure to anesthetic gases in the absence of an extractor during pediatric anesthesia and to assess the efficacy of a purpose-built extraction system . METHODS The patients were 24 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy . Gases were extracted from the room for 1 group and were not extracted for the other group ( n=12 in each group ) . Induction was with 8 % sevoflurane , 60 % nitrous oxide ( N2O ) , 40 % oxygen at a flow rate of 8 L x min ( -1 ) through a Mapleson C circuit . Maintenance was with 2 % sevoflurane at the same flow rate and gas mixture under spontaneous ventilation with an endotracheal tube and a Mapleson D circuit . The circuits were equipped with an airway pressure-limiting valve to allow connection to an anesthetic gas extractor . Ambient levels of sevoflurane and N2O were measured in the breathing area around the anesthesiologist . The surgeon and the nurse were asked about symptoms related to occupational exposure . RESULTS The mean ( SD ) exposure to N2O and sevoflurane in the group without an extractor was 423 ( 290 ) and 12 ( 10.9 ) parts per million ( ppm ) , respectively . In the group working with the extractor , exposure was 94 % and 91 % lower : 24.7 ( 26 ) and 1.1 ( 1 ) ppm ( P < .001 ) . A higher incidence of noticing a \" smell of gas \" was registered for the group without an extractor ( 87 % vs 11 % in the extractor group , P=.003 ) . Higher rates were also found for general discomfort ( 62 % vs 11 % , P=.05 ) , nausea ( 62 % vs 0 % , P=.009 ) , and headache ( 62 % vs 0 % , P=.009 ) in the absence of the extractor . CONCLUSIONS Gas extraction decreased the level of exposure by up to 94 % , achieving levels that were below the recommended limits and greatly reducing occupational risk ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1941
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29842",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrous oxide and sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29843",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pediatric anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29844",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pediatric anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29845",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29846",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrous oxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29847",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29848",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29849",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"spontaneous ventilation"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29850",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endotracheal tube"
],
"offsets": [
[
792,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29851",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29852",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"evaluation of an anesthetic gas extractor ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29853",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Ambient levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
970
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29854",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"of sevoflurane and N2O"
],
"offsets": [
[
971,
993
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29855",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"The"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29856",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean ( SD ) exposure to N2O"
],
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29857",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29858",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"exposure"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29859",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"\" smell of gas \""
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29860",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"general discomfort"
],
"offsets": [
[
1618,
1636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29861",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1664,
1670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29862",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"headache"
],
"offsets": [
[
1702,
1710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29863",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"level of exposure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1811,
1828
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29864",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"occupational risk ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1922,
1941
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29865 | 1730427 | [
{
"id": "29866",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Stage II carcinoma of the ovary : an analysis of survival after comprehensive surgical staging and adjuvant therapy . Ninety-three women with FIGO stage II epithelial ovarian carcinoma underwent comprehensive surgical staging and were randomized prospectively to therapy consisting of either intraperitoneal radioactive phosphorus or oral melphalan . No patient had gross residual disease at the time of randomization . Ten of the forty-five women treated with melphalan experienced severe bone marrow depression at some time during therapy and two women expired from leukemia . Four of the forty-eight women treated with intraperitoneal phosphorus required surgical reexploration for intestinal obstruction or bowel injury . Twenty-one women died of their disease . Survival was not statistically different between the two treatment arms . The 5-year actuarial survival was 78 % ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
881
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29867",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgical staging"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29868",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adjuvant therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29869",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intraperitoneal radioactive phosphorus"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29870",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral melphalan"
],
"offsets": [
[
334,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29871",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"melphalan"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29872",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intraperitoneal phosphorus"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29873",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29874",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severe bone marrow depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29875",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"expired from leukemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29876",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"surgical reexploration for intestinal obstruction or bowel injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29877",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29878",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
775
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29879",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year actuarial survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29880",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Stage II carcinoma of the ovary"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29881",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ninety-three"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29882",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29883",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"FIGO stage II epithelial ovarian carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29884",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"forty-five"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29885",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29886",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"forty-eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29887",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29888",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"treated with intraperitoneal phosphorus"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29889 | 17312647 | [
{
"id": "29890",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Injection sclerotherapy versus electrocoagulation in the management outcome of early haemorrhoids . OBJECTIVE To study the symptomatology of early hemorrhoids and to compare injection sclerotherapy ( IS ) with electrocoagulation ( EC ) in the management outcome of early haemorrhoids with respect to pain during the procedure , reduction in bleeding per rectum , and overall patient satisfaction score . METHODS A total of 102 patients were included in this experimental study at the POF Hospital , Wah Cantt from October 2004 to June 2005 . A detailed history was taken and proctoscopic examination was performed . Patients were then randomly divided into two groups ( Lottery method ) . One group was subjected to EC and the other to IS . In the EC , using the EC machine ( Wieda , China ) , direct current of 10-20 mA was applied in the submucosal plane of each pile core for 5-7 minutes . In the IS 1-2 ml of 5 % phenol in almond oil was injected in the same plane in each pile core . Pain during the procedure , reduction in bleeding per rectum and overall patient satisfaction , were studied as outcome measures . RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 44 years , 86 were males and 16 were females . Two thirds of the patients were having symptoms for more than 6 months . A third of patients had associated local pain while another third had associated mucous discharge . Chronic constipation was present in 81 % patients . Only 24.5 % of the patients had a positive family history of haemorrhoids . Patients in the electrocoagulation ( EC ) group experienced more pain during the procedure than the injection sclerotherapy ( IS ) group ( P < 0.000 ) , but EC was significantly more effective than IS in terms of reducing the bleeding per rectum ( P = 0.039 ) , and also significantly higher number of patients were fully satisfied with EC than with IS ( P < 0.04 ) . CONCLUSION EC , although more painful , is a safe , more effective and a highly satisfying procedure for treating early hemorrhoids ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2010
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29891",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Injection sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29892",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"versus electrocoagulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29893",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"injection sclerotherapy ( IS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29894",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrocoagulation ( EC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29895",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"phenol in almond oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29896",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain during the procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29897",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in bleeding per rectum"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29898",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall patient satisfaction score"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29899",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Pain during the procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
989,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29900",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in bleeding per rectum"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29901",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29902",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"local pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1316,
1326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29903",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mucous discharge"
],
"offsets": [
[
1362,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29904",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Chronic constipation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1381,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29905",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain during the procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29906",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding per rectum"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29907",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fully satisfied"
],
"offsets": [
[
1825,
1840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29908",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"painful"
],
"offsets": [
[
1907,
1914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29909",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
1922,
1926
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29910",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1692,
1701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29911",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"highly satisfying"
],
"offsets": [
[
1950,
1967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29912",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"early haemorrhoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29913",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"102 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
435
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29914",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"The mean age of the patients was 44 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1128,
1169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29915",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
1180,
1185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29916",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"positive family history of haemorrhoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1506
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29917 | 17316832 | [
{
"id": "29918",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops decrease the incidence of physician and patient outcomes of otorrhea after tube placement . OBJECTIVE To evaluate ciprofloxacin 0.3 % /dexamethasone 0.1 % ( CIPRODEX , Alcon , Ft. Worth , TX ) for the prevention of early post-operative otorrhea following TT placement . METHODS This was a single-center , randomized , evaluator-blinded , parallel-group study . Two hundred children undergoing bilateral TT placement were categorized as having unilateral ( \" wet/dry \" ) , bilateral ( \" wet/wet \" ) , or no ( \" dry/dry \" ) effusion at the time of surgery . All patients received Ciprodex or no treatment for 5 days post-operatively and returned at 2 weeks . RESULTS Physician-observed otorrhea was reported in 5 ( 4.95 % ) patients receiving Ciprodex and 39 ( 39.39 % ) patients receiving no treatment ( p < 0.0001 ) . Treatment decreased otorrhea in all groups , while the greatest benefit was observed in patients with bilateral effusion ( 93 % reduction ) . Ciprodex treatment also decreased the rate of clinically diagnosed otitis media ( OM ) and effusion following TT placement ( p < or =0.0006 ) . CONCLUSION Ciprodex reduced early post-operative otorrhea , clinically diagnosed OM and effusion following TT insertion . The greatest reduction in otorrhea was observed in patients with bilateral effusion at the time of surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1368
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29919",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29920",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin 0.3 % /dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29921",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ciprodex"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29922",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no treatment for 5 days post-operatively"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29923",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"otorrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29924",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Physician-observed otorrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
699,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29925",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"otorrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29926",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of clinically diagnosed otitis media ( OM )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1032,
1080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29927",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29928",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"early post-operative otorrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29929",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinically diagnosed OM"
],
"offsets": [
[
1198,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29930",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29931",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"otorrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29932 | 17321529 | [
{
"id": "29933",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Misoprostol versus oxytocin for the reduction of postpartum blood loss . OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of 400 mug of oral misoprostol with 5 U of intravenous oxytocin in the reduction of postpartum blood loss and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage . METHODS In a prospective , double-blind , randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital 622 women received either 400 mug of oral misoprostol or 5 U of intravenous oxytocin after delivery of the anterior shoulder or within 1 min of delivery . The primary outcome was a hematocrit drop of 10 % or greater 24 h postpartum . The secondary outcomes were a hemoglobin drop of 30 mg/L or greater , the use of additional oxytocin , an estimated blood loss greater than 1000 mL , manual removal of the placenta , a blood transfusion , and shivering and fever ( > or=38 degrees C ) as adverse effects of misoprostol . RESULTS There was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the primary outcome ( a > or=10 % hematocrit drop occurred in 3.4 % and 3.7 % of the participants in the oxytocin and misoprostol groups , P=0.98 ) . The rate of use of additional oxytocin was higher in the misoprostol group ( 51 % versus 40.5 % , P=0.01 ) . Shivering was confined to the misoprostol group ( 6.8 % ) , and fever occurred in 12.5 % of the women in the misoprostol group and 0.3 % of the women in the oxytocin group . CONCLUSION The routine use of 400 microg of oral misoprostol was no less effective than 5 U of intravenous oxytocin in reducing blood loss after delivery , as assessed by change in postpartum hematocrit . The adverse effects of misoprostol were mild and self-limiting ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1652
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29934",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29935",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29936",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29937",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29938",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29939",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29940",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29941",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29942",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29943",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29944",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29945",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29946",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29947",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29948",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29949",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29950",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29951",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"misoprostol"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29952",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postpartum blood loss ."
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29953",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postpartum blood loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29954",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hematocrit drop of 10 % or greater 24 h postpartum ."
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29955",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hemoglobin drop of 30 mg/L or greater"
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29956",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"use of additional oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29957",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"estimated blood loss greater than 1000 mL"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29958",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"manual removal of the placenta"
],
"offsets": [
[
750,
780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29959",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood transfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
785,
802
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29960",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"shivering"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29961",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"fever"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
828
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29962",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"use of additional oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29963",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Shivering"
],
"offsets": [
[
1209,
1218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29964",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29965",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postpartum"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29966",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"622"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29967",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
375
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29968 | 17322624 | [
{
"id": "29969",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dose-response effect of flecainide in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and/or flutter monitored with trans-telephonic electrocardiography : a multicenter , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . BACKGROUND A double-blind , randomized , parallel-group , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter ( PAF/PAFL ) experiencing 2 or more episodes of symptomatic PAF/PAFL during a 28-day observation period to determine the dose-response effect and safety of flecainide . METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 143 patients at 30 centers were randomized to receive 25 , 50 , or 100 mg of flecainide or placebo twice daily ( BID ) . In 123 patients ( per protocol set ) , those remaining free from PAF/PAFL after the treatment were 3.1 % on placebo , 7.7 % on 25 mg/BID , 9.4 % on 50 mg/BID , and 39.4 % on 100 mg/BID of flecainide . As a whole group , a significant linear dose-response ( p < 0.001 ) was observed and a significant difference between placebo and 100 mg/BID was observed ( p < 0.001 ) . A similar dose-response between the present study and Caucasian study was demonstrated . Although there were 5 patients who needed cardioversion or ablation because of frequent episodes of PAF/PAFL ( 2 in 25 mg/BID , 1 in 50 mg/BID , and 2 in 100 mg/BID of flecainide ) , neither death nor ventricular proarrhythmic event was reported . CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that flecainide exerted a significant dose-dependent effect on the prevention of symptomatic PAF/PAFL recurrence and showed that there was no inter-ethnic difference in the clinical effect of flecainide in patients with PAF/PAFL ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1670
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29970",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29971",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29972",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29973",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29974",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29975",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29976",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29977",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29978",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29979",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flecainide"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29980",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Dose-response effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29981",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
530
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29982",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PAF/PAFL"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29983",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"significant linear dose-response"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29984",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dose-response"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29985",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardioversion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1214
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29986",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ablation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1218,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29987",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1350,
1355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29988",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"ventricular proarrhythmic event"
],
"offsets": [
[
1360,
1391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29989",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and/or flutter"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29990",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter ( PAF/PAFL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
336,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29991",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic PAF/PAFL"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29992",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"143"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29993",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"123"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
705
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29994",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PAF/PAFL"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
29995 | 17324094 | [
{
"id": "29996",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Do cervical cancer screening rates increase in association with an intervention designed to increase mammography usage ? OBJECTIVES To assess cervical cancer screening behaviors among underserved women participating in an intervention designed to increase mammography use . METHODS This was a randomized trial of 897 women from three racial groups ( white , African American , Native American ) living in a rural county in North Carolina . Baseline and followup surveys were completed by 815 women ; 775 women provided data to be included in these analyses . The intervention group received an educational program focused on mammography delivered by a lay health advisor , and the control group received a physician letter/brochure focusing on Pap tests . RESULTS Women in both the intervention ( OR 1.70 ; 1.31 , 2.21 , p < 0.001 ) and control groups ( OR 1.38 ; 1.04 , 1.82 , p = 0.025 ) significantly increased cervical cancer screening rates within risk appropriate guidelines . No differences by racial group were documented . Women categorized in the high-risk group for developing cervical cancer ( > 2 sexual partners , age < 18 years at first sexual intercourse , smoker ; treated for sexually transmitted disease [ STD ] or partner with treated STD ) significantly ( OR 1.88 ; 1.54 , 2.28 , p < 0.001 ) increased Pap test completion . However , a nonsignificant increase ( OR 1.25 ; 0.87 , 1.79 , p = 0.221 ) in Pap test completion was demonstrated in women categorized as low risk for cervical cancer . CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that women in an intensive behavioral intervention designed to increase mammography use may also increase Pap test completion , similar to a minimal intervention focused only on increasing Pap test completion . These results have implications for the design and evaluation of behavioral intervention studies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1855
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "29997",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational program focused on mammography delivered by a lay health advisor"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29998",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"physician letter/brochure focusing on Pap tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
753
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "29999",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"intensive behavioral intervention designed to increase mammography use"
],
"offsets": [
[
1563,
1633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30000",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cervical cancer screening behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30001",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cervical cancer screening rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
3,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30002",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"increased Pap test completion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1313,
1342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30003",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Pap test completion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30004",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Pap test completion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30005",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Pap test completion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30006",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30007",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"897"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30008",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30009",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"815"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30010",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30011",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"775"
],
"offsets": [
[
500,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30012",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30013 | 17331237 | [
{
"id": "30014",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cost-effectiveness of collaborative care including PST and an antidepressant treatment algorithm for the treatment of major depressive disorder in primary care ; a randomised clinical trial . BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is currently one of the most burdensome disorders worldwide . Evidence-based treatments for depressive disorder are already available , but these are used insufficiently , and with less positive results than possible . Earlier research in the USA has shown good results in the treatment of depressive disorder based on a collaborative care approach with Problem Solving Treatment and an antidepressant treatment algorithm , and research in the UK has also shown good results with Problem Solving Treatment . These treatment strategies may also work very well in the Netherlands too , even though health care systems differ between countries . METHODS/DESIGN This study is a two-armed randomised clinical trial , with randomization on patient-level . The aim of the trial is to evaluate the treatment of depressive disorder in primary care in the Netherlands by means of an adapted collaborative care framework , including contracting and adherence-improving strategies , combined with Problem Solving Treatment and antidepressant medication according to a treatment algorithm . Forty general practices will be randomised to either the intervention group or the control group . Included will be patients who are diagnosed with moderate to severe depression , based on DSM-IV criteria , and stratified according to comorbid chronic physical illness . Patients in the intervention group will receive treatment based on the collaborative care approach , and patients in the control group will receive care as usual . Baseline measurements and follow up measures ( 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months ) are assessed using questionnaires and an interview . The primary outcome measure is severity of depressive symptoms , according to the PHQ9 . Secondary outcome measures are remission as measured with the PHQ9 and the IDS-SR , and cost-effectiveness measured with the TiC-P , the EQ-5D and the SF-36 . DISCUSSION In this study , an American model to enhance care for patients with a depressive disorder , the collaborative care model , will be evaluated for effectiveness in the primary care setting . If effective across the Atlantic and across different health care systems , it is also likely to be an effective strategy to implement in the treatment of major depressive disorder in the Netherlands ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2511
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30015",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"collaborative care including PST"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30016",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antidepressant treatment algorithm"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30017",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"collaborative care approach with Problem Solving Treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30018",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antidepressant treatment algorithm"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30019",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Problem Solving Treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30020",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"questionnaires"
],
"offsets": [
[
1828,
1842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30021",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"interview"
],
"offsets": [
[
1850,
1859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30022",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"collaborative care model"
],
"offsets": [
[
2217,
2241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30023",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Cost-effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30024",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Problem Solving Treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30025",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30026",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"severity of depressive symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1893,
1924
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30027",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"remission as measured with the PHQ9 and the IDS-SR ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
1982,
2034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30028",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost-effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
2039,
2057
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30029",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the TiC-P"
],
"offsets": [
[
2072,
2081
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30030",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the EQ-5D"
],
"offsets": [
[
2084,
2093
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30031",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the SF-36"
],
"offsets": [
[
2098,
2107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30032",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"major depressive disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30033",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty"
],
"offsets": [
[
1301,
1306
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30034 | 17331650 | [
{
"id": "30035",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The study of inhibiting systematic inflammatory response syndrome by applying xenogenic ( porcine ) acellular dermal matrix on second-degree burns . OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of xenogenic ( porcine ) acellular dermal matrix on the systematic inflammatory reaction syndrome ( SIRS ) , and the reaction of burn patients to tissue damage upon application to second-degree burn wounds . METHOD Seventy-two cases of patients with acute second-degree burns were enrolled in the study . According to the total burn surface area ( TBSA ) and the treatment methods , we randomly divided the patients into four groups . Group A ( treatment group ) : patients with less than 30 % TBSA covered with xenogenic acellular dermal matrix . Group B ( control group ) : patients with less than 30 % TBSA covered with betadine ointment gauzes . Group C ( treatment group ) : patients with more than 30 % TBSA covered with porcine acellular dermal matrix . Group D ( control group ) : patients with more than 30 % TBSA covered with betadine ointment gauzes . Serum level of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) was measured by single radial immunodiffusion method on 1 , 4 , 7 and 14 days postburn . RESULTS The serum level of CRP in group A was significantly less than that of in group B ( P < 0.05 ) on days 4 , 7 and 14 . The serum level of CRP in group C increased slowly , descended quickly and was significantly less than that of in group D on days 4 , 7 and 14 . CONCLUSION The application of xenogenic ( porcine ) acellular dermal matrix on second-degree burn wound can decrease serum level of CRP of the patients , which may play an important role in reducing SIRS and sepsis incidence ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1678
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30036",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"xenogenic ( porcine ) acellular dermal matrix"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30037",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"xenogenic ( porcine ) acellular dermal matrix"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30038",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"xenogenic acellular dermal matrix ."
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30039",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"betadine ointment gauzes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
811,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30040",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"porcine acellular dermal matrix ."
],
"offsets": [
[
915,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"betadine ointment gauzes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
811,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30042",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"xenogenic ( porcine ) acellular dermal matrix"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30043",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum level of CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30044",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum level of CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30045",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum level of CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30046",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"second-degree burns"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30047",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"burn patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30048",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"second-degree burn wounds"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30049",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30050",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute second-degree burns"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30051",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"second-degree burn wound"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30052 | 17334477 | [
{
"id": "30053",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog ( Diphereline ) and Cabergoline ( Dostinex ) treatment on uterine myoma regression . OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of cabergoline ( Dostinex , a dopamine agonist ) on the myoma growth compared to Diphereline ( a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist ) . METHODS This study took place in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran from July 2004 to December 2005 . Fifty women with uterine myoma , who met the criteria of the study thoroughly , were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups to take either Diphereline or Cabergoline . The first Group took 3.75 mg of Diphereline 4 times every 28 days and the second group took 0.5 mg of Cabergoline once a week for 6 weeks . RESULTS The Cabergoline was well tolerated and fewer adverse effects were noted . The tumor regressed significantly and volume reduction rate of individual tumor nodule varied from 46-53 % . The gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist group all responded to the treatment , and volume reduction rate of the individual tumor nodule varied from 21-97 % . The extent of tumor shrinkage was positively correlated to the number of nodules ( p=0.881 , p < 0.005 and 0.701 , p < 0.005 ) . CONCLUSION In light of therapeutic efficacy and few adverse effects , the dopamine agonists may hold promise as novel treatment modalities for leiomyoma . Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal strategy for the treatment of leiomyoma through these agents ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1556
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30054",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog ( Diphereline )"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30055",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cabergoline ( Dostinex )"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30056",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cabergoline ( Dostinex , a dopamine agonist )"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30057",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diphereline ( a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist )"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30058",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diphereline"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30059",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cabergoline"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30060",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diphereline"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30061",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cabergoline"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30062",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cabergoline"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30063",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1036
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30064",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dopamine agonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
1358,
1375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30065",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
831,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30066",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"fewer adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30067",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tumor regressed significantly"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30068",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"volume reduction rate of individual tumor nodule"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30069",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"volume reduction rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30070",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tumor shrinkage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30071",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
1218,
1235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30072",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"uterine myoma regression"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30073",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty women"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30074",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"uterine myoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30075 | 17341994 | [
{
"id": "30076",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of increasing doses of olmesartan medoxomil , losartan potassium , and valsartan in patients with essential hypertension . This 12-week , randomized , double-blind , forced-titration study compared the efficacy of 3 angiotensin receptor blockers . Patients received olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg , losartan potassium 50 mg , valsartan 80 mg , or placebo once daily . At week 4 , doses were titrated to 40 , 100 , and 160 mg once daily for olmesartan , losartan , and valsartan , respectively . At week 8 , losartan was increased to 50 mg twice daily and valsartan increased to 320 mg once daily ( olmesartan remained at 40 mg once daily ) . The primary end point was mean change from baseline in seated diastolic blood pressure ( SeDBP ) at week 8 . All 3 medications significantly reduced mean SeDBP from baseline compared with placebo at weeks 4 , 8 , and 12 ( P < .001 ) . At week 8 , olmesartan reduced mean SeDBP more than losartan ( P < .001 ) ; more patients in the olmesartan medoxomil group achieved a blood pressure goal of < 140/90 mm Hg ( P < .001 ) . Olmesartan did not reduce mean SeDBP significantly compared with valsartan , although more patients attained blood pressure goal with olmesartan ( P=.031 ) . At week 12 , all agents lowered blood pressure equivalently ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1291
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30077",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Patients received olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg , losartan potassium 50 mg , valsartan 80 mg , or placebo once daily . At week 4 , doses were titrated to 40 , 100 , and 160 mg once daily for olmesartan , losartan , and valsartan , respectively ."
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30078",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30079",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valsartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30080",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"olmesartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30081",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30082",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"seated diastolic blood pressure ( SeDBP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30083",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean SeDBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
798,
808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30084",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SeDBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30085",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30086",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean SeDBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
798,
808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30087",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30088",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30089",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with essential hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30090 | 17356056 | [
{
"id": "30091",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pathological features and inhaled corticosteroid response of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma . BACKGROUND Non-eosinophilic asthma is a potentially important clinicopathological phenotype since there is evidence that it responds poorly to inhaled corticosteroid therapy . However , little is known about the underlying airway immunopathology and there are no data from placebo-controlled studies examining the effect of inhaled corticosteroids . METHODS Airway immunopathology was investigated using induced sputum , bronchial biopsies , bronchial wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in 12 patients with symptomatic eosinophilic asthma , 11 patients with non-eosinophilic asthma and 10 healthy controls . The patients with non-eosinophilic asthma and 6 different patients with eosinophilic asthma entered a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover study in which the effects of inhaled mometasone 400 microg once daily for 8 weeks on airway responsiveness and asthma quality of life were investigated . RESULTS Patients with non-eosinophilic asthma had absence of eosinophils in the mucosa ( median 4.4 cells/mm ( 2 ) vs 23 cells/mm ( 2 ) in eosinophilic asthma and 0 cells/mm ( 2 ) in normal controls ; p = 0.03 ) and normal subepithelial layer thickness ( 5.8 microm vs 10.3 microm in eosinophilic asthma and 5.1 microm in controls , p = 0.002 ) . Non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic asthma groups had increased mast cell numbers in the airway smooth muscle compared with normal controls ( 9 vs 8 vs 0 cells/mm ( 2 ) , p = 0.016 ) . Compared with placebo , 8 weeks of treatment with inhaled mometasone led to less improvement in methacholine PC ( 20 ) ( 0.5 vs 5.5 doubling concentrations , 95 % CI of difference 1.1 to 9.1 ; p = 0.018 ) and asthma quality of life ( 0.2 vs 1.0 points , 95 % CI of difference 0.27 to 1.43 ; p = 0.008 ) . CONCLUSIONS Non-eosinophilic asthma represents a pathologically distinct disease phenotype which is characterised by the absence of airway eosinophilia , normal subepithelial layer thickness and a poor short-term response to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2123
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30092",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30093",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"inhaled mometasone 400 microg"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30094",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"airway responsiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
954,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30095",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"asthma quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
1002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30096",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"absence of eosinophils in the mucosa"
],
"offsets": [
[
1073,
1109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30097",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subepithelial layer thickness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30098",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mast cell numbers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1432,
1449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30099",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1634,
1645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30100",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"methacholine PC ( 20 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1649,
1671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30101",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"asthma quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
980,
1002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30102",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"airway eosinophilia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1990,
2009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30103",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subepithelial layer thickness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30104",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"short-term response to treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
2060,
2092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30105",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30106",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30107",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic eosinophilic asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
608,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30108",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30109",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"non-eosinophilic asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30110",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30111",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy controls"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30112",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6 different patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
775
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30113 | 17356153 | [
{
"id": "30114",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Compliance with continuous passive movement is low after surgical treatment of idiopathic club foot in infants : a prospective , double-blinded clinical study . Treatment by continuous passive movement at home is an alternative to immobilisation in a cast after surgery for club foot . Compliance with the recommended treatment , of at least four hours daily , is unknown . The duration of treatment was measured in 24 of 27 consecutive children with a mean age of 24 months ( 5 to 75 ) following posteromedial release for idiopathic club foot . Only 21 % ( 5 ) of the children used the continuous passive movement machine as recommended . The mean duration of treatment at home each day was 126 minutes ( 11 to 496 ) . The mean range of movement for plantar flexion improved from 15.2 degrees ( 10.0 degrees to 20.6 degrees ) to 18.7 degrees ( 10.0 degrees to 33.0 degrees ) and for dorsiflexion from 12.3 degrees ( 7.4 degrees to 19.4 degrees ) to 18.9 degrees ( 10.0 degrees to 24.1 degrees ) ( both , p = 0.0001 ) when the first third of therapy was compared with the last third . A low level of patient compliance must be considered when the outcome after treatment at home is interpreted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1195
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30115",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuous passive movement"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30116",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuous passive movement at home"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30117",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuous passive movement"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30118",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean range of movement for plantar flexion improved from 15.2 degrees ( 10.0 degrees to 20.6 degrees ) to 18.7 degrees ( 10.0 degrees to 33.0 degrees )"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30119",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dorsiflexion from 12.3 degrees ( 7.4 degrees to 19.4 degrees ) to 18.9 degrees ( 10.0 degrees to 24.1 degrees )"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30120",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"idiopathic club foot"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30121",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30122",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"27"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30123",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age of 24 months ( 5 to 75 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
486
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30124",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"following posteromedial release"
],
"offsets": [
[
487,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30125 | 17357577 | [
{
"id": "30126",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Effect of alpha dihydroergocryptine in patients with fibrocystic breast disease ] . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of alpha dihidroergocriptine in patients with fibrocystic mastopathy . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease were included in a prospective longitudinal blind double , controlled with placebo study . Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups : of treatment group A : Alpha dihidroergocriptine tablets of 10 mg , group B : Placebo , during 6 months . After to basal evaluation , the patients were revised in a monthly way evaluating the following symptoms and signs : mastalgia , mammary tension , presence of nodules , nipple secretion , and the presence of adverse events . RESULTS 39 patients with alpha dihidroergocriptine and 38 with placebo . Mastodinia , a satisfactory response was observed in 100 % of alpha dihidroergocriptine group vs 61.11 % of placebo group ( p = 0.0002 ) . Mastalgia responded in 100 % of alpha dihidroergocriptine group vs 64.86 % of placebo group ( p = 0.0003 ) . Galactorrea responded 100 % of alpha dihidroergocriptine group vs 93.33 % of the placebo . The nodules in the group alpha dihidroergocriptine disappeared in 23.1 % and in 21.1 % of the placebo group . Ultrasound evaluation of the nodules did not show significant differences between both groups . Prolactin levels showed a decrease in the group treated with alpha dihidroergocriptine with an important difference between both groups at the end of the 6 months study period . There were not differences in the presence of adverse events between groups . CONCLUSIONS Alpha dihidroergocriptine is effective in the treatment of fribrocystic breast disease with minimum adverse events when compared with similar drugs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1794
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30127",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha dihydroergocryptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30128",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30129",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30130",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Alpha dihidroergocriptine tablets of 10 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
493
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30131",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30132",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30133",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30134",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30135",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30136",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30137",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30138",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30139",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mastalgia"
],
"offsets": [
[
651,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30140",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mammary tension"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30141",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"presence of nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30142",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nipple secretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30143",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"presence of adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30144",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mastodinia"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
842
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30145",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mastalgia"
],
"offsets": [
[
971,
980
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30146",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Galactorrea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1091
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30147",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nodules"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30148",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Prolactin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1377,
1393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30149",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"presence of adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30150",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with fibrocystic breast disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30151",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with fibrocystic mastopathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30152",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fibrocystic breast disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30153",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"39"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30154",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"alpha dihidroergocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30155",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"38"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30156",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30157",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fribrocystic breast disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1704,
1731
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30158 | 17362495 | [
{
"id": "30159",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Immediately restored , single-tapered implants in the anterior maxilla : prosthodontic and aesthetic outcomes after 1 year . BACKGROUND Conventional implant protocols advocate a two-stage technique with a load-free , submerged healing period . Recent studies suggest that immediate restoration of single implants may be a viable treatment option . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate prosthodontic and aesthetic peri-implant mucosal outcomes of immediately restored , Southern single-tapered implants in the anterior maxilla after 1 year . MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants ( mean age : 43.25 years ; range : 23-71 years ) satisfying specified inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to conventional two-stage restoration ( control group ; n=14 ) and immediate restoration groups ( test group ; n =14 ) in a randomized controlled clinical trial . Tapered , roughened-surface Southern implants were placed using a standardized technique , and implant level bone impressions were made . Provisional screw-retained crowns , out of occlusion , were placed at second-stage surgery after 26 weeks for the conventional restoration group , and within 4 hours of implant placement for the immediate restoration group . Both groups had definitive screw-retained metal-ceramic crowns placed in occlusion 8 weeks later . Peri-implant mucosal response and papilla index were recorded 4 weeks after definitive crown placement to allow for mucosal maturation and at 1 year . Prosthodontic and aesthetic outcomes were assessed using established criteria . RESULTS There were no significant differences within , or between , the control and test groups for age , gender , bone quality or quantity , implant stability measurements at surgery , or implant length . There were no significant differences in the implant success rate as determined by radiographic bone loss and stability tests after 1 year . There were no significant differences in prosthodontic maintenance , peri-implant mucosal response , and papilla index between the two groups over 1 year . CONCLUSIONS Tapered , roughened-surface implants immediately restored with single provisional crowns at surgery and definitive crowns 8 weeks later were as prosthodontically and aesthetically successful as conventionally restored two-stage implants during the first year of service . Restoring single implants immediately with screw-retained crowns is an efficient procedure , but the short-term outcome is by no means superior to a conventional two-stage approach ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2527
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30160",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"implants"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30161",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"implants"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30162",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"two-stage restoration"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30163",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Restoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
2345,
2354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30164",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prosthodontic and aesthetic peri-implant mucosal"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30165",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Peri-implant mucosal response and papilla index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1327,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30166",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Prosthodontic and aesthetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1478,
1505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30167",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bone quality or quantity , implant stability measurements at surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1673,
1741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30168",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"implant length"
],
"offsets": [
[
1747,
1761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30169",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"implant success rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1809,
1829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30170",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1860,
1869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30171",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"prosthodontic maintenance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1946,
1971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30172",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
", peri-implant mucosal response , and papilla index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1972,
2023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30173",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"implants in the anterior maxilla"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30174",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prosthodontic"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30175",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"aesthetic peri-implant"
],
"offsets": [
[
416,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30176",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Southern single-tapered implants in the anterior maxilla"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30177",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"43.25"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
607
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30178",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"23-71"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30179 | 17365975 | [
{
"id": "30180",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The NORwegian study on DIstrict treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( NORDISTEMI ) . OBJECTIVES Thrombolysis is the treatment of choice for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) living in rural areas with long transfer delays to percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . This trial compares two different strategies following thrombolysis : to transfer all patients for immediate coronary angiography and intervention , or to manage the patients more conservatively . DESIGN The NORwegian study on DIstrict treatment of STEMI ( NORDISTEMI ) is an open , prospective , randomized controlled trial in patients with STEMI of less than 6 hours of duration and more than 90 minutes expected time delay to PCI . A total of 266 patients will receive full-dose thrombolysis , preferably pre-hospital , and then be randomized to either strategy . Our primary endpoint is the one year combined incidence of death , reinfarction , stroke or new myocardial ischaemia . The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00161005 . RESULTS By April 2006 , 109 patients have been randomized . Thrombolysis has been given pre-hospital to 52 % of patients . The median transport distance from first medical contact to catheterization laboratory was 155 km ( range 90-396 km ) . Results of the study are expected in 2008 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1350
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30181",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PCI"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30182",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"receive"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30183",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"full-dose thrombolysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
801
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30184",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"combined incidence of death"
],
"offsets": [
[
911,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30185",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reinfarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30186",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
956,
962
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30187",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"new myocardial ischaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
990
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30188 | 17366257 | [
{
"id": "30189",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Providing live supervision via teleconferencing improves acquisition of motivational interviewing skills after workshop attendance . Teleconferencing Supervision is a method for training community-based substance abuse clinicians in Motivational Interviewing ( MI ) . Following a 2-day workshop , 13 clinicians received live supervision via telephone during 5 counseling sessions conducted at their community treatment facilities . Clinicians were assessed for skill level at post-workshop , at post-training , and 3 months later ; learning was assessed using the MI Treatment Integrity instrument . All summary scores and therapist behavior frequency counts improved by post-training or by the 3 month follow-up , although some gains were not statistically significant . Teleconferencing Supervision may help facilitate the proficient use of MI community clinicians following workshop instruction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
899
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30190",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"live supervision via teleconferencing"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30191",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Teleconferencing Supervision"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30192",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Motivational Interviewing ( MI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30193",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"live supervision via telephone"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30194",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Teleconferencing Supervision"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30195",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"acquisition of motivational interviewing skills"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30196",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"skill level at post-workshop"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30197",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"summary scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
604,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30198",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapist behavior frequency counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
623,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30199",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"community-based substance abuse clinicians"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30200 | 17367324 | [
{
"id": "30201",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) Expression does not predict the outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 . Spontaneous regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 ( CIN2 ) lesions has been recognized since 1955 , but predictors of this are poorly understood . Among the predictive markers studied , p16 ( INK4a ) has been suggested to be of some value in monitoring the diagnosis of CIN2 . In this clinical trial , 90 Brazilian women , diagnosed to CIN2 and high-risk human papillomavirus infection , were randomized into two groups of equal size : 45 women whose lesions were excised and 45 women subjected to prospective follow-up at 3-month intervals at least for 1 year ( mean 6.8 months ) . p16 ( INK4a ) expression was analyzed in paraffin-embedded sections using immunohistochemical staining . Among the 45 women in the follow-up group , 42 % experienced spontaneous regression , 11 % showed persistence , 22 % progressed to CIN3 , and 20 % had partial regression to CIN1 or ASCUS ( atypical squamous cell undetermined signifiance ) . p16 ( INK4a ) expression was detected in 68.9 % of the patients . In univariate survival ( Cox ) analysis , no significant difference in regression was obtained between p16 ( INK4a ) -negative and -positive CIN2 lesions ( adjusted HR = 1.1 ; 95 % CI 0.6-2.0 ) . In conclusion , p16 ( INK4a ) expression could be useful in the diagnosis of CIN2 . However , it failed to predict the outcome of CIN2 . Because of its high spontaneous regression rate , follow-up could be considered as a management option of CIN2 in young and compliant women ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1590
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30202",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) Expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30203",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30204",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"lesions were excised"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30205",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"prospective follow-up"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30206",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30207",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"immunohistochemical staining"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
806
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30208",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30209",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) -negative"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30210",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"and -positive"
],
"offsets": [
[
1243,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30211",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30212",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) Expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30213",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30214",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30215",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"univariate survival ( Cox ) analysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30216",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"p16 ( INK4a ) expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30217",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diagnosis of CIN2"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30218",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CIN2"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30219",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"90 Brazilian women , diagnosed to CIN2 and high-risk human papillomavirus infection , were randomized into two groups of equal size : 45 women whose lesions were excised and 45 women subjected to prospective follow-up at 3-month intervals at least for 1 year ( mean 6.8 months ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30220",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"45 women"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30221 | 17375984 | [
{
"id": "30222",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Safety , pharmacokinetics and pharmocodynamics of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase in healthy subjects and asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene who have increased porphyrin precursor excretion . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Acute intermittent porphyria is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by deficient activity of the third enzyme in the haem biosynthetic pathway , porphobilinogen deaminase . It is characterised by acute , potentially life-threatening neurological attacks that are precipitated by various drugs , reproductive hormones and other factors . During acute attacks , the porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen accumulate and are excreted at high concentrations in the urine . Current treatment is based on glucose loading and parenteral haem replenishment , which reduce the accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen . Recently , a new form of treatment based on porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in an acute intermittent porphyria mouse model which , during phenobarbital ( phenobarbitone ) induction of haem biosynthesis , mimics the biochemical pattern of acute porphyric attacks . The objective of the present study was to investigate the safety , pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase ( P 9808 ) , administered to healthy subjects and asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects with high concentrations of porphobilinogen , the substrate of porphobilinogen deaminase . STUDY DESIGN Forty individuals participated in this two-part study : 20 asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects ( both male and female ) with > or =4 times the upper reference urinary porphobilinogen level , and 20 healthy male subjects . Four different doses of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase were studied ( 0.5 , 1 , 2 and 4 mg/kg bodyweight ) . Part A included 12 asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects , and the enzyme was administered in an open-label , single-dose design . Part B included 20 asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects and 20 healthy subjects . The same enzyme dosages were administered as divided doses every 12 hours for 4 consecutive days in a randomised , double-blinded , placebo-controlled design . The washout period between Parts A and B was 2 weeks . METHODS The concentrations of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase and titres of antibodies against recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase were analysed by ELISA . Plasma porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations were analysed using a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method . Urinary porphobilinogen , 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphyrin concentrations , as well as plasma porphyrin concentrations , were analysed using standard methods . The pharmacodynamic effect of the enzyme was studied through changes in plasma porphobilinogen concentrations . RESULTS No serious adverse events were observed . Seven subjects ( four healthy men and three asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects ) developed antibodies against recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase but did not experience allergic manifestations . The mean elimination half-lives of the highest doses of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase ranged between 1.7 and 2.5 hours for both healthy men and asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects . The area under the plasma concentration-time curve was proportional to the respective dose . In asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects , plasma porphobilinogen concentrations decreased below measurable levels almost instantaneously after administration of any dose of the enzyme . The effect lasted for approximately 2 hours , after which the plasma porphobilinogen concentration slowly increased , reaching about 70 % of the initial values 12 hours after administration . There was no effect on plasma 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations , and there was a transitory increment in porphyrin concentrations . The corresponding concentrations of metabolites in the urine reflected the pattern observed in the plasma . CONCLUSIONS The recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme preparation was found to be safe to administer and effective for removal of the accumulated metabolite porphobilinogen from plasma and urine . The pharmacokinetic profile of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase showed dose proportionality , and the elimination half-life was about 2.0 hours for the two highest doses . Thus , clinical grounds were established for investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of the enzyme during periods of overt disease in patients with acute intermittent porphyria ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
4828
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30223",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30224",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme replacement therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
955,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30225",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30226",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30227",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30228",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30229",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30230",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
4271,
4333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30231",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30232",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Safety , pharmacokinetics and pharmocodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30233",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen ."
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30234",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentrations of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase and titres of antibodies against recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
2438,
2576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30235",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2602,
2665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30236",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Urinary porphobilinogen , 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphyrin concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2750,
2826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30237",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma porphyrin concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2840,
2871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30238",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"serious adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
3036,
3058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30239",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"antibodies against recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
2514,
2576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30240",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"allergic manifestations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
3275,
3300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30241",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean elimination half-lives of the highest doses of recombinant human porphobilinogen deaminase"
],
"offsets": [
[
3305,
3400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30242",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"area under the plasma concentration-time curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
3523,
3569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30243",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma porphobilinogen concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
2985,
3022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30244",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma porphobilinogen concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
2985,
3021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30245",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
4034,
4077
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30246",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"porphyrin concentrations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
4120,
4146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30247",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"corresponding concentrations of metabolites in the urine"
],
"offsets": [
[
4151,
4207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30248",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
4714,
4734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30249",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"porphyrin"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30250",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with high concentrations of porphobilinogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1487,
1530
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30251",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Forty individuals participated in this two-part study : 20 asymptomatic porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects ( both male and female ) with > or =4 times the upper reference urinary porphobilinogen level , and 20 healthy male subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1591,
1834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30252",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"porphobilinogen deaminase-deficient subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1442,
1486
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30253 | 17377092 | [
{
"id": "30254",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of laser-assisted drug delivery at two output energies for enhancing the delivery of topically applied LMX-4 cream prior to venipuncture . BACKGROUND Laser-assisted drug delivery ( LAD ) has the potential for facilitating topical anesthesia with reduced onset time . METHODS In this randomized , double-blind , crossover study we compared the efficacy and adverse event profile of LAD for topical anesthesia before venipuncture using two output energies ( 2.0 and 3.5 J/cm2 ) . RESULTS Mean Visual Analog Scale pain scores were not statistically different ( P = 0.57 ) between the low-energy ( mean = 6.7 ) and high-energy ( mean = 8.1 ) lasers . CONCLUSIONS LAD at an energy of 2.0 J/cm2 ( 570 mJ ) is as effective , with similar adverse events , as an energy of 3.5 J/cm2 ( 1000 mJ ) in facilitating topical anesthesia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
835
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30255",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laser-assisted drug delivery"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30256",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topically applied LMX-4 cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30257",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"venipuncture ."
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30258",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Laser-assisted drug delivery ( LAD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30259",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"LAD for topical anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30260",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"venipuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30261",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"LAD"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30262",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"delivery of topically applied LMX-4 cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30263",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"topical anesthesia with reduced onset time"
],
"offsets": [
[
235,
277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30264",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Mean Visual Analog Scale pain scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30265",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30266",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"laser-assisted drug delivery"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30267",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prior to venipuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
128,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30268",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"before venipuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30269 | 17383295 | [
{
"id": "30270",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Exercise capacity in atrial fibrillation : a substudy of the Sotalol-Amiodarone Atrial Fibrillation Efficacy Trial ( SAFE-T ) . BACKGROUND Therapy for chronic atrial fibrillation ( AF ) focuses on rate versus rhythm control , but little is known about the effects of common therapeutic interventions on exercise tolerance in AF . METHODS Six hundred fifty-five patients with chronic AF underwent maximal exercise testing at baseline and 8 weeks , 6 months , and 1 year after randomization to sotalol , amiodarone , or placebo therapy and attempted direct current cardioversion . Analyses of baseline determinants of exercise capacity , predictors of change in exercise capacity at 6 months and 1 year , and the short- and long-term effects of cardioversion on exercise capacity were made . RESULTS Age , obesity , and presence of symptoms accompanying AF were inversely associated with baseline exercise capacity , but these factors accounted for only 10 % of the variance in exercise capacity . Patients most likely to benefit from cardioversion were those most limited initially , younger , not obese or hypertensive , and with an uncontrolled ventricular rate at baseline . Conversion to sinus rhythm ( SR ) resulted in significant reductions in resting ( approximately 25 beat/min ) and peak exercise ( approximately 40 beat/min ) heart rates at 6 months and 1 year ( P < .001 ) . Successful cardioversion improved exercise capacity by 15 % at 8 weeks , and these improvements were maintained throughout the year . This improvement was observed both among those who maintained SR and those with intermittent AF . CONCLUSION Cardioversion resulted in a sustained improvement in exercise capacity over the course of 1 year , and this improvement was similar between those in SR and those with SR and recurrent AF . Patients most likely to improve with treatment tended to be younger and nonobese and have the greatest limitations initially ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1943
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30271",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"maximal exercise testing"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30272",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sotalol"
],
"offsets": [
[
492,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30273",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amiodarone"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30274",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30275",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"attempted direct current cardioversion"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30276",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"cardioversion"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30277",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Cardioversion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1628,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30278",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Exercise capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30279",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30280",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
1291,
1304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30281",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1335,
1346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30282",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
616,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30283 | 17387189 | [
{
"id": "30284",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity and hemodynamics in heart surgery . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol , isoflurane , and sevoflurane on middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity during open heart surgery , and the relationship between these effects and hemodynamic parameters . Fifty-two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass on cardiopulmonary bypass were divided randomly into 3 groups : the first group received 100 microg x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) propofol , the other groups received one minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane or isoflurane for anesthesia maintenance . Middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocities were measured by transcranial Doppler , and hemodynamics were measured by the thermodilution technique . Middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocities decreased significantly after administration of isoflurane and propofol , but there was no significant difference between the groups . After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass , cerebral blood flow increased and came close to the value after induction in all groups . The pulsatility index and resistivity index increased significantly only after the propofol infusion , but there was no significant difference between the groups ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1261
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sevoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anesthesia maintenance"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30292",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity and hemodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30293",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
177,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30294",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocities"
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30295",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemodynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30296",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocities"
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30297",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cerebral blood flow increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1037
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30298",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulsatility index and resistivity index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1102,
1141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30299",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"open heart surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30300",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Fifty-two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass on cardiopulmonary bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30301 | 17387192 | [
{
"id": "30302",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oral sildenafil to control pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart surgery . This study investigates the role of oral sildenafil in decreasing pulmonary pressure after congenital heart surgery . Between September 2002 and September 2004 , among a group of postoperative children with large septal defects , moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension [ pulmonary artery ( PA ) to aortic ( Ao ) pressure ratio of 0.76 +/- 0.17 ] and systemic desaturation ( Ao Sat = 0.89 +/- 0.11 ) , oral sildenafil ( 0.3 mg x kg ( -1 ) , every 3 hours ) was administered for a period of 24-48 hours ( sildenafil group ) . These patients were compared to a group of 22 children with similar pathologies who did not receive sildenafil ( control group ) . Postoperative PA pressure ( 28.61 +/- 7.80 vs 39.40 +/- 10.80 mm Hg ) and PA/Ao pressure ( 0.28 +/- 0.08 vs 0.41 +/- 0.11 ) were significantly lower in the sildenafil group ( p = 0.001 and 0.001 respectively ) . Pulmonary hypertensive crisis was detected in 4 patients in the control group , but none in the sildenafil group ( p = 0.02 ) . There was no significant rise in PA pressure following discontinuation of the drug ( 26.30 +/- 6.66 vs 28.49 +/- 10.93 mm Hg , p = 0.366 ) . No significant complications were noticed regarding sildenafil use . Low doses of oral sildenafil appear to be effective and safe to control postoperative PA pressure in children . Absence of rebound pulmonary hypertension , availability , and low cost of the drug are considered as its major advantages ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1527
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30303",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oral sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30304",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30305",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"congenital heart surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30306",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30307",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30308",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30309",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30310",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30311",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30312",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sildenafil"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30313",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30314",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30315",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Postoperative PA pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
741,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30316",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PA/Ao pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
815,
829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30317",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Pulmonary hypertensive crisis"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
982
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30318",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30319",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"after congenital heart surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30320",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"after congenital heart surgery . Between September 2002 and September 2004 , among a group of postoperative children with large septal defects , moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension [ pulmonary artery ( PA ) to aortic ( Ao ) pressure ratio of 0.76 +/- 0.17 ] and systemic desaturation ( Ao Sat = 0.89 +/- 0.11 ) , oral sildenafil ( 0.3 mg x kg ( -1 ) , every 3 hours ) was administered for a period of 24-48 hours ( sildenafil group ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
609
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30321",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
616,
624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30322",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"22 children with similar pathologies who did not receive sildenafil ( control group ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
740
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30323 | 17388667 | [
{
"id": "30324",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A prospective study of plasma vitamin D metabolites , vitamin D receptor polymorphisms , and prostate cancer . BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency is a common public health problem nationwide . Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ( 25 [ OH ] D ) , the most commonly used index of vitamin D status , is converted to the active hormone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( 1,25 [ OH ] 2D ) , which , operating through the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) , inhibits in vitro cell proliferation , induces differentiation and apoptosis , and may protect against prostate cancer . Despite intriguing results from laboratory studies , previous epidemiological studies showed inconsistent associations of circulating levels of 25 ( OH ) D , 1,25 ( OH ) 2D , and several VDR polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk . Few studies have explored the joint association of circulating vitamin D levels with VDR polymorphisms . METHODS AND FINDINGS During 18 y of follow-up of 14,916 men initially free of diagnosed cancer , we identified 1,066 men with incident prostate cancer ( including 496 with aggressive disease , defined as stage C or D , Gleason 7-10 , metastatic , and fatal prostate cancer ) and 1,618 cancer-free , age- and smoking-matched control participants in the Physicians ' Health Study . We examined the associations of prediagnostic plasma levels of 25 ( OH ) D and 1,25 ( OH ) 2D , individually and jointly , with total and aggressive disease , and explored whether relations between vitamin D metabolites and prostate cancer were modified by the functional VDR FokI polymorphism , using conditional logistic regression . Among these US physicians , the median plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels were 25 ng/ml in the blood samples collected during the winter or spring and 32 ng/ml in samples collected during the summer or fall . Nearly 13 % ( summer/fall ) to 36 % ( winter/spring ) of the control participants were deficient in 25 ( OH ) D ( < 20 ng/ml ) and 51 % ( summer/fall ) and 77 % ( winter/spring ) had insufficient plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels ( < 32 ng/ml ) . Plasma levels of 1,25 ( OH ) 2D did not vary by season . Men whose levels for both 25 ( OH ) D and 1,25 ( OH ) 2D were below ( versus above ) the median had a significantly increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 2.1 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.2-3.4 ) , although the interaction between the two vitamin D metabolites was not statistically significant ( pinteraction = 0.23 ) . We observed a significant interaction between circulating 25 ( OH ) D levels and the VDR FokI genotype ( pinteraction < 0.05 ) . Compared with those with plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels above the median and with the FokI FF or Ff genotype , men who had low 25 ( OH ) D levels and the less functional FokI ff genotype had increased risks of total ( OR = 1.9 , 95 % CI 1.1-3.3 ) and aggressive prostate cancer ( OR = 2.5 , 95 % CI 1.1-5.8 ) . Among men with plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels above the median , the ff genotype was no longer associated with risk . Conversely , among men with the ff genotype , high plasma 25 ( OH ) D level ( above versus below the median ) was related to significant 60 % approximately 70 % lower risks of total and aggressive prostate cancer . CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a large proportion of the US men had suboptimal vitamin D status ( especially during the winter/spring season ) , and both 25 ( OH ) D and 1,25 ( OH ) 2D may play an important role in preventing prostate cancer progression . Moreover , vitamin D status , measured by 25 ( OH ) D in plasma , interacts with the VDR FokI polymorphism and modifies prostate cancer risk . Men with the less functional FokI ff genotype ( 14 % in the European-descent population of this cohort ) are more susceptible to this cancer in the presence of low 25 ( OH ) D status ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3811
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30325",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"plasma vitamin D metabolites"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30326",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin D receptor polymorphisms"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30327",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ( 25 [ OH ] D )"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30328",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"25 ( OH ) D"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30329",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1,25 ( OH ) 2D"
],
"offsets": [
[
714,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30330",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vitamin D status"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30331",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"VDR FokI polymorphism"
],
"offsets": [
[
1546,
1567
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30332",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1642,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30333",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"25 ( OH ) D"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30334",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1649,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30335",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma levels of 1,25 ( OH ) 2D"
],
"offsets": [
[
2049,
2080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30336",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of aggressive prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
2232,
2266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30337",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"25 ( OH ) D levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1656,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30338",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VDR FokI genotype"
],
"offsets": [
[
2547,
2564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30339",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1649,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30340",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risks of total"
],
"offsets": [
[
2787,
2801
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30341",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"aggressive prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
2240,
2266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30342",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma 25 ( OH ) D levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1649,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30343",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high plasma 25 ( OH ) D level"
],
"offsets": [
[
3056,
3085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30344",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risks of total and aggressive prostate cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
3177,
3222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30345",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"25 ( OH ) D in plasma"
],
"offsets": [
[
3526,
3547
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30346 | 17391914 | [
{
"id": "30347",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Information source affects peers ' initial attitudes toward autism . Authors examined the effects of information source on peers ' cognitive and behavioral attitudes toward an unfamiliar child with autism . Children ( N=296 ; M age=10.21 years ) received information about an unfamiliar child with autism from one of the following sources : ( a ) videotape , ( b ) teacher , ( c ) hypothetical mother , ( d ) hypothetical father , or ( e ) hypothetical \" doctor . \" Interactive effects between source , and sex and grade were found for cognitive and behavioral attitudes . Fifth-graders reported more favorable cognitive and behavioral attitudes when information was provided by extra-familial sources ( i.e. , \" doctor \" ) versus parent sources . Mother yielded more persuasive effects on behavioral attitudes for third-graders versus fifth-graders . Attitudes toward autism differ depending on who provides information about the disability . Persuasion theory appears useful to guide evaluation of educational interventions to improve attitudes towards autism . Implications of the findings , study limitations , and recommendations for future research are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1170
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30348",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Information source"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30349",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"videotape"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30350",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"teacher"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30351",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"hypothetical mother"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30352",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"hypothetical father"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30353",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"hypothetical \" doctor . \""
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30354",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30355",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cognitive and behavioral attitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30356",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cognitive and behavioral attitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30357",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"more persuasive effects on behavioral attitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
763,
810
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30358",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attitudes towards autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30359",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"teacher"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30360 | 17393618 | [
{
"id": "30361",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of electro-acupuncture on T cell subpopulations , NK activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count in patients undergoing chemotherapy . OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture on T cell subpopulations , natural killer cell ( NK ) activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count in patients undergoing chemotherapy . METHODS Electro-acupuncture was added for patients undergoing chemotherapy . Tests were done on T cell subpopulations , NK activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count before treatment and after 4 courses of treatment . RESULTS After 4 courses of treatment with chemotherapy and electro-acupuncture , no obvious changes were found in T cell subpopulations , NK activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count ( P > 0.05 ) as compared with those before treatment . Patients undergoing chemotherapy combined with electro-acupuncture showed obviously higher leukocyte count than that of the control group given no leukogenic drugs ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Electro-acupuncture may reduce immunologic damage caused by chemotherapy , thus it can be used as the auxiliary therapy for patients undergoing chemotherapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1158
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30362",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electro-acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30363",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electro-acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30364",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30365",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Electro-acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30366",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30367",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30368",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electro-acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30369",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30370",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electro-acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30371",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Electro-acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30372",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30373",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30374",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T cell subpopulations , NK activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30375",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T cell subpopulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30376",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"natural killer cell ( NK ) activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30377",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"humoral immunity"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30378",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukocyte count"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30379",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T cell subpopulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30380",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"NK activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30381",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"humoral immunity"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30382",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukocyte count"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30383",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30384",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T cell subpopulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30385",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"NK activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30386",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"humoral immunity"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30387",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukocyte count"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30388",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukocyte count"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"immunologic damage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1031,
1049
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30390",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30391",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30392",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30393",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30394 | 17395055 | [
{
"id": "30395",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enhanced inotropic state of the failing left ventricle by cardiac contractility modulation electrical signals is not associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption . BACKGROUND Previous studies in patients and in dogs with experimentally induced heart failure ( HF ) showed that electrical signals applied to the failing myocardium during the absolute refractory period improved left ventricular ( LV ) function . We examined the effects these same cardiac contractility modulating ( CCM ) electrical signals on myocardial oxygen consumption ( MVO ( 2 ) ) in both patients and dogs with chronic HF . METHODS AND RESULTS Six dogs with microembolizations-induced HF and 9 HF patients underwent CCM leads and generator ( OPTIMIZER II ) implantation . After baseline measurements , CCM signals were delivered continuously for 2 hours in dogs and for 30 minutes in patients . MVO ( 2 ) was measured before and after CCM therapy . In dogs , CCM therapy increased LV ejection fraction at 2 hours ( 26 +/- 1 versus 31 +/- 2 % , P = .001 ) without increasing MVO ( 2 ) ( 257 +/- 41 versus 180 +/- 34 micromol/min ) . In patients , CCM therapy increased LV peak +dP/dt by 10.1 +/- 1.5 % . As with dogs , the increase in LV function after 30 minutes of CCM therapy was not associated with increased MVO ( 2 ) ( 13.6 +/- 9.7 versus 12.5 +/- 7.2 mL O ( 2 ) /min ) . CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that unlike cAMP-dependent positive inotropic drugs , the increase in LV function during CCM therapy is elicited without increasing MVO ( 2 ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1543
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30396",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac contractility modulation electrical signals"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30397",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrical signals"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30398",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac contractility modulating ( CCM ) electrical signals"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30399",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"microembolizations-induced HF"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30400",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM leads and generator ( OPTIMIZER II ) implantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
701,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30401",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM signals"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30402",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30403",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30404",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30405",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30406",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CCM therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30407",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial oxygen consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"left ventricular ( LV ) function"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial oxygen consumption ( MVO ( 2 ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30410",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MVO ( 2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
553,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30411",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30412",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MVO ( 2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
553,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30413",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV peak +dP/dt"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30414",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30415",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MVO ( 2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
553,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30416",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LV function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30417 | 17402204 | [
{
"id": "30418",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Evaluation on the effect of intervention regarding breast self-examination for decreasing breast cancer mortality ] . OBJECTIVE A randomized trial of breast self-examination ( BSE ) Program was carried out to evaluate whether the intensive BSE could reduce the number of deaths among women from breast cancer . METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) . A total of 266 064 women ( age of 30 to 64 years ) associated with 519 textile factories in Shanghai had been randomly assigned to a BSE group ( 132 979 women ) or a control group ( 133 085 women ) since 1989 . Initial instruction in BSE group would include demonstration of proper palpation techniques and was followed by 2 reinforcement sessions during the subsequent 4 years including video shows , BSE instruction sessions and BSE practice under medical supervision . These activities were continued for 5 years . Attendance at all events was recorded . The cohort was followed through July 2000 for development of breast diseases , and the breast cancer cases were followed through 2001 for vital status . Data analysis methods used would include Kaplan-Meier plots , log-rank test and Cox modeling . RESULTS Among women under instruction , 864 breast cancers detected and 133 breast cancer deaths occurred while 896 breast cancers were detected and 130 deaths recorded in the control group . The tumor size ( P = 0.07 ) , TNM stage ( P = 0.39 ) and cumulative breast cancer mortality rate ( P = 0.72 ) were not significantly different between the 2 groups . However , more and smaller fibroadenomas were detected in the instruction group than in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Intensive instruction in BSE did not seem to have reduced the mortality rate of breast cancer , but more and smaller benign breast lumps could be detected ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1828
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30419",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"breast self-examination ( BSE ) Program"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30420",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"BSE"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30421",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"BSE"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30422",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30423",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"BSE"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30424",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"BSE"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30425",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"breast cancer mortality rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1442,
1470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30426",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality rate of breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
1734,
1765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30427",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"more and smaller benign breast lumps could be detected"
],
"offsets": [
[
1772,
1826
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30428 | 17404138 | [
{
"id": "30429",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of indicators for a primary care medical home between children with autism or asthma and other special health care needs : National Survey of Children 's Health . OBJECTIVE To assess the extent to which parents of children with autism compared with parents of children with asthma or other special health care needs report receiving primary care for their child consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics medical home model . DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study . SETTING National Survey for Children 's Health 2003-2004 telephone interview . PARTICIPANTS Parents of 495 children with autism , parents of 6716 children with asthma , and parents of 11,403 children with other special health care needs without asthma . Main Exposures Autism and other special health care needs including asthma . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Medical home score and components of care , as follows : personal provider and preventive ; family-centered , compassionate , and culturally appropriate ; accessible ; comprehensive ; and coordinated . RESULTS The odds of parents reporting care consistent with that in a medical home were less likely for children with autism ( odds ratio , 0.45 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.30-0.66 ) and more likely for children with asthma ( odds ratio , 1.17 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.06-1.30 ) compared with children with other special health care needs ( 1 [ reference ] ) . These differences persisted even after controlling for condition severity , personal characteristics , and insurance status . Specific components of a medical home less prevalent among children with autism than among children with other special health care needs included family-centered , comprehensive , and coordinated care . CONCLUSION Although we could not evaluate the reasons why , a large percentage of children with autism do not receive primary care consistent with that in a medical home ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1917
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30430",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"National Survey for Children 's Health 2003-2004 telephone interview"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30431",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"odds of parents reporting care consistent with that in a medical home"
],
"offsets": [
[
1060,
1129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30432",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"less likely for children with autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
1135,
1171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30433",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"primary care consistent with that in a medical home"
],
"offsets": [
[
1864,
1915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30434",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30435",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30436",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30437",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"special health care needs"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30438",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30439",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30440",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30441",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30442",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"special health care needs"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30443",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"495"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30444",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30445",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30446",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6716"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30447",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30448",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30449",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11,403"
],
"offsets": [
[
677,
683
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30450",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"special health care needs"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30451",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30452 | 17404792 | [
{
"id": "30453",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Successful new method of extracorporeal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( E-PEG ) . BACKGROUND Although percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG ) has become popular for patients with swallowing disorders as a nutrition support or a decompressant of gastrointestine , perioperative complications associated with PEG have not decreased , especially peristomal infections . To reduce peristomal infections , we designed a new method of gastrostomy by extracorporeal approach under endoscopic observation , named as extra-corporeal PEG ( E-PEG ) . METHODS Experimental studies for E-PEG were performed repeatedly using pigs under general anesthesia to confirm the safety of its procedure for human use . After approval of institutional ethics review board in our university , thirty patients with prior consent participated in this study . The operation time , the incidence rate of complications and the hospital stay were compared between E-PEG and ordinary pull-method PEG groups . RESULTS Two patients ( 6.7 % ) in E-PEG group had postoperative complications , i.e. , aspiration pneumonia and surgical site infection . The operation time of E-PEG group was 5-16 ( mean +/- SD : 10.3 +/- 2.96 ) min as compared to 14-37 ( mean +/- SD : 26.9 +/- 8.39 ) min with pull-method PEG . The postoperative hospital day of E-PEG was within two days except for the two complicated cases . Significance differences of operation time , complication rate and postoperative hospital stay between those groups observed statistically . CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that E-PEG was safe , tolerable and speedy when compared ordinary pull-method PEG ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1642
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30454",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"extracorporeal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( E-PEG ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30455",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30456",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30457",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"extra-corporeal PEG ( E-PEG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
518,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30458",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"E-PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30459",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30460",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"E-PEG and ordinary pull-method PEG groups"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30461",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"E-PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30462",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"E-PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30463",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30464",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"E-PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30465",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"E-PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30466",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"PEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30467",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operation time"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30468",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"incidence rate of complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
898
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30469",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
907,
920
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30470",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1064
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30471",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"aspiration pneumonia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1074,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30472",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"surgical site infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30473",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operation time"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30474",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative hospital day"
],
"offsets": [
[
1288,
1314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30475",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operation time"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30476",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"complication rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1428,
1445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30477",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
1450,
1477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30478",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe , tolerable"
],
"offsets": [
[
1574,
1590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30479",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"swallowing disorders as a nutrition support"
],
"offsets": [
[
189,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30480",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gastrointestine"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30481",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pigs under general anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30482",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"thirty"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
784
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30483 | 17408924 | [
{
"id": "30484",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Single-dose and multi-dose clindamycin therapy fails to demonstrate efficacy in preventing infectious and inflammatory complications in third molar surgery . The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of single- and multi-dose ( 5-day ) clindamycin therapy for the prevention of inflammatory complications in patients undergoing lower third molar surgical extraction with bone removal . Patients who qualified for the prospective , randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled trial were randomly divided into three groups : ( 1 ) single dose of oral clindamycin administered preoperatively ( single-dose group ) ; ( 2 ) clindamycin administered preoperatively with continued therapy for 5 days ( 5-day group ) ; and ( 3 ) a placebo group . The following parameters were evaluated on the first , second and seventh days postsurgery : trismus , facial swelling , body temperature , lymphadenopathy , alveolar osteitis and subjective pain sensations . There were 86 patients ( 31 in the single-dose group , 28 in the 5-day group and 27 in the placebo group ) enrolled in the study . There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative inflammatory complications in patients during the first and second days postsurgery . A statistically significant variation in body temperature was reported on the seventh day . Analysis of the postoperative analgesic intake did not show statistically significant differences between examined groups . Clindamycin applied in a single preoperative dose of 600 mg with or without subsequent 5-day therapy does not demonstrate efficacy in prophylaxis for postoperative inflammatory complications after third molar surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1682
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30485",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clindamycin therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clindamycin therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30487",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30488",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single dose of oral clindamycin administered preoperatively"
],
"offsets": [
[
543,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30489",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clindamycin administered preoperatively with continued therapy for 5 days"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30490",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30491",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30492",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Clindamycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1464,
1475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30493",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"trismus , facial swelling , body temperature , lymphadenopathy , alveolar osteitis and subjective pain sensations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30494",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative inflammatory complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30495",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"variation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1276,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30496",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body temperature"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30497",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative analgesic intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
1356,
1386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30498",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30499 | 17410213 | [
{
"id": "30500",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of application in spring of urea fertiliser on aspects of reproductive performance of pasture-fed dairy cows . AIMS To assess if raising concentrations of crude protein ( CP ) in pasture in spring by the frequent application of urea fertiliser would affect ovarian follicular dynamics , luteal function , onset of oestrus and reproductive performance of dairy cows under farming conditions in New Zealand . METHODS Spring-calved dairy cows were grazed for 101 days in paddocks that were either not fertilised ( Control ; n=20 ) during the course of the study , or were fertilised with 40-50 kg nitrogen ( N ) /ha every 4-6 weeks ( High-N ; n=20 ) . Similar generous pasture allowances were offered to both groups . Concentrations of CP in pasture , urea in serum and progesterone in milk were measured . Ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics were determined using ultrasonography . Oestrous behaviour and the number , time and outcome of inseminations were also recorded . RESULTS Mean concentrations of CP in pasture and urea in serum was higher in the High-N than the Control group ( 25.2 vs 21.6 and 8.3 vs 5.4 mmol/L for CP and urea , respectively ; p < 0.001 ) . Intervals between calving and first oestrus , first insemination and conception , the time of first emergence of a dominant follicle , milk progesterone concentration , and the diameter of the corpus luteum ( CL ) in the first luteal phase did not differ significantly between groups . The interval from calving to first ovulation tended ( p=0.10 ) to be lower and the diameter of the dominant follicle of the oestrous cycle at which cows conceived was greater ( p=0.02 ) in Control than High-N cows . CONCLUSIONS The use of large amounts of urea fertiliser during spring and the consequent increases in concentrations of CP in pasture and urea in serum did not negatively affect any of the parameters of reproductive performance of pasture-fed dairy cows that were assessed in this study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1967
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30501",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"urea fertiliser"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30502",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"urea fertiliser"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30503",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"not fertilised"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30504",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fertilised"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30505",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"40-50 kg nitrogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30506",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"urea fertiliser"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30507",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ovarian follicular dynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"luteal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"onset of oestrus"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30510",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reproductive performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30511",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Concentrations of CP in pasture"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30512",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urea in serum"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30513",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"progesterone in milk"
],
"offsets": [
[
775,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30514",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics"
],
"offsets": [
[
812,
850
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30515",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Oestrous behaviour and the number , time and outcome of inseminations"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30516",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean concentrations of CP in pasture"
],
"offsets": [
[
990,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30517",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30518",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urea in serum"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30519",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Intervals between calving and first oestrus"
],
"offsets": [
[
1177,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30520",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"first insemination and conception"
],
"offsets": [
[
1223,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30521",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"the time of first emergence of a dominant follicle"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30522",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"milk progesterone concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30523",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diameter of the corpus luteum ( CL ) in the first luteal phase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1354,
1416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30524",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"interval from calving to first ovulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30525",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diameter of the dominant follicle of the oestrous cycle at which cows"
],
"offsets": [
[
1546,
1615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30526",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"conceived"
],
"offsets": [
[
1616,
1625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30527",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentrations of CP in pasture"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30528",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30529",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urea in serum"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30530",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reproductive performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30531",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pasture-fed"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30532",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n=20"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30533",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n=20"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30534 | 1741218 | [
{
"id": "30535",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Acute prolactin and oxytocin responses and milk yield to infant suckling and artificial methods of expression in lactating women . Breast-feeding is today the major form of infant nutrition in the immediate postpartum period . Despite this , recent trends in modern life-styles have raised obstacles to successful lactation . These include infant illness and maternal responsibilities outside the home , both requiring separation from the mother . While the hormonal dynamics of infant suckling are understood , little is known about the effects of artificial methods of milk expression . A variety of breast pumps exist in the current US market which vary considerably in price and effectiveness . To understand better the ability of these pumps to assist women in the maintenance of lactation , the current study was undertaken to evaluate their effects on milk yield and prolactin and oxytocin release when compared to natural infant suckling . Twenty-three women who were exclusively breast-feeding their infants were randomly assigned to serially use several pumping methods , as well as infant suckling , with blood being taken at 10-minute intervals to determine the hormonal responses . The results reveal variability in the prolactin responses to the artificial pumping methods , with the greatest responses found with an electric pulsatile pump ; these responses compare favorably with those of natural infant suckling . Other methods were less successful in causing prolactin elevations . No differences were seen among the methods in the oxytocin response . The results of this study demonstrate striking differences in the ability of breast-pumping methods to produce an acute and sustained prolactin rise in breast-feeding mothers . The large discrepancies found suggest the need for further studies in to enable women and health care providers to choose the most appropriate method for milk expression . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1954
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30536",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prolactin"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30537",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30538",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"milk yield"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30539",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"artificial methods of expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30540",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"milk expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30541",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"milk yield and prolactin and oxytocin release"
],
"offsets": [
[
859,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30542",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"prolactin responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1233,
1252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30543",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"prolactin elevations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30544",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"oxytocin response"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30545",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"acute and sustained prolactin rise"
],
"offsets": [
[
1684,
1718
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30546",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30547",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-three"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30548",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30549 | 17414940 | [
{
"id": "30550",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Neurophysiological double-blind trial of a botulinum neurotoxin type a free of complexing proteins . OBJECTIVE Safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin type A preparation NT 201 ( Xeomin , Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH , Frankfurt am Main , Germany ) were investigated over 52 weeks in a double-blind , randomized trial with 32 male volunteers . METHODS Electroneurographic assessments with surface electrodes were performed after single injections of NT 201 ( 2 , 4 , 16 , or 32 units ) into the extensor digitorum brevis ( EDB ) muscle and the same dose ( Botox ; Allergan Pharmaceuticals ( Ireland ) Ltd. Westport , Ireland ) into the contralateral EDB . RESULTS All NT 201 and BTXCo doses achieved a statistically significant reduction of the compound muscle action potential M-wave amplitude in the EDB muscle . At week 4 , the highest dose was statistically significantly more effective than the lowest dose ( NT 201 , P = 0.019 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.195-1.370 ; and BTXCo , P = 0.002 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.309-1.167 ) . Duration of effect was dose dependent . The mean values of compound muscle action potential M-wave amplitudes in the adjacent muscles ( abductor digiti quinti and abductor hallucis ) were above the predefined threshold of effect , indicating that there was no relevant diffusion-induced reduction of muscle activity . NT 201 and BTXCo were well tolerated . CONCLUSIONS NT 201 is effective and safe in inducing the desired paretic effect ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1482
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"botulinum neurotoxin type a"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"botulinum neurotoxin type A preparation NT 201"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30553",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single injections of NT 201"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30554",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"extensor digitorum brevis"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30555",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"same dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
545,
554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30556",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"into the contralateral EDB"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30557",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NT 201 and BTXCo"
],
"offsets": [
[
669,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30558",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NT 201"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30559",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BTXCo"
],
"offsets": [
[
680,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30560",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NT 201"
],
"offsets": [
[
174,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30561",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30562",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
122,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30563",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Electroneurographic"
],
"offsets": [
[
353,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30564",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction of the compound muscle action potential M-wave amplitude"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30565",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30566",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Duration of effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1044,
1062
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30567",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean values of compound muscle action potential M-wave amplitudes in the adjacent muscles"
],
"offsets": [
[
1088,
1177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30568",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1344,
1359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30569",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1389,
1398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30570",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"randomized trial with"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30571",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"32"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30572",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30573",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"volunteers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30574 | 1742482 | [
{
"id": "30575",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ameliorates zidovudine-induced neutropenia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) /AIDS-related complex . To evaluate the effect of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) on patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) or AIDS-related complex ( ARC ) who were intolerant to zidovudine because of neutropenia , we performed a randomized , open-label study in which patients were assigned to one of two groups . Zidovudine was discontinued in group A patients before instituting GM-CSF treatment and was restarted in a graduated fashion over 4 weeks . Group B patients continued on full-dose ( 1,200 mg/d ) zidovudine therapy while beginning GM-CSF therapy . A total of 17 patients were entered , eight in group A and nine in group B . Five of eight patients in group A and seven of nine in group B had a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) . All were homosexual males , except one female in group A who was the sex partner of a bisexual male with AIDS . All patients had neutropenia ( absolute neutrophil count [ ANC ] less than 1,000/microL ) while taking full-dose zidovudine . The mean CD4 ( +/- SD ) lymphocyte level was 37 ( +/- 29 ) /microL and 39 ( +/- 44 ) /microL in groups A and B , respectively . After randomization , patients were begun on subcutaneous GM-CSF at a dose of 1.0 microgram/kg/d . Patients in group A received 2 weeks of daily GM-CSF , at which time zidovudine was restarted if the ANC was greater than 1,000/microL ; if the ANC was less than 1,000/microL , the dose of GM-CSF was increased to 3.0 micrograms/kg , and at 2-week intervals either zidovudine was restarted or the dose of GM-CSF was increased to 5 micrograms/kg and then 10 micrograms/kg , to maintain the ANC greater than 1,000/microL . Group B patients received full-dose zidovudine concurrently with GM-CSF administration . The dose of GM-CSF was increased every 2 weeks if necessary to keep the ANC greater than 1,000/microL while maintaining full-dose zidovudine therapy . Patients in each group showed an increase in total white blood cell ( WBC ) count . Neutrophils and eosinophils were responsible for the majority of this increase . Patients in group A had a more rapid increase in WBC than those in group B ; however , by week 8 , the WBC in each group was essentially equal . Viral replication as measured by human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) p24 antigen ( Ag ) was decreased in four patients in each group , increased in one patient in each group , and remained unchanged in the remainder . The ability to culture virus from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not changed by the regimen . The major toxicities of the regimen were fever and malaise . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2842
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30576",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30577",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GM-CSF"
],
"offsets": [
[
284,
290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30578",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GM-CSF treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"full-dose ( 1,200 mg/d ) zidovudine therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30580",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"GM-CSF therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
775,
789
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30581",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
211,
217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30582",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neutropenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30583",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ANC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30584",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total white blood cell ( WBC ) count"
],
"offsets": [
[
2160,
2196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30585",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Neutrophils and eosinophils"
],
"offsets": [
[
2199,
2226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30586",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increase in WBC"
],
"offsets": [
[
2317,
2332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30587",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"WBC"
],
"offsets": [
[
2185,
2188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30588",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Viral replication"
],
"offsets": [
[
2425,
2442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30589",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) p24 antigen ( Ag )"
],
"offsets": [
[
2458,
2513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30590",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ability to culture virus"
],
"offsets": [
[
2648,
2672
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30591",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) /AIDS-related complex"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30592",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30593",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS-related complex ( ARC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30594",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neutropenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30595",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"17"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
805
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30596",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Five"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30597",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30598",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
907,
912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30599",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30600",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
949,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30601",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1015
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30602",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
1029,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30603",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30604",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30605",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neutropenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30606 | 17426001 | [
{
"id": "30607",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Comparison of three analgesic methods for postoperative pain relief and their effects on plasma interleukin-6 concentration following radical surgery for gastric carcinoma ] . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of preemptive epidural analgesia combined with postoperative epidural analgesia , postoperative epidural analgesia alone and intravenous analgesia for postoperative pain relief and their effects on plasma interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) concentration following radical surgery for gastric carcinoma . METHODS Sixty-six patients with gastric carcinoma scheduled for gastrectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups , namely group P ( n=22 ) , group E ( n=22 ) and group V ( n=22 ) , to receive preemptive epidural analgesia combined with postoperative epidural analgesia , exclusive postoperative epidural analgesia , and exclusive postoperative intravenous analgesia , respectively . Hemodynamic data were recorded for all the patients during the operation , and visual analogue scale ( VAS ) was used to assess the pain intensity at 4 , 8 , 16 , 24 , 48 and 72 h after surgery . Plasma IL-6 concentration was determined before surgery and at 24 , 48 , 72 h after surgery . RESULTS No significant changes occurred in the hemodynamics during the preoperative periods . VAS and IL-6 were lower in group P than in group E and V , and group E had lower measurement than group V ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Preemptive epidural analgesia combined with postoperative epidural analgesia provides more satisfactory pain relief and more effectively prevents IL-6 increment than exclusive epidural analgesia or intravenous analgesia after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1663
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30608",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"preemptive epidural analgesia combined with postoperative epidural analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30609",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"postoperative epidural analgesia alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
294,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30610",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30611",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"preemptive epidural analgesia combined with postoperative epidural analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30612",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"exclusive postoperative epidural analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30613",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"exclusive postoperative intravenous analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30614",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma interleukin-6 concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30615",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30616",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30617",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hemodynamic data"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30618",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"visual analogue scale ( VAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
965,
994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30619",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1018,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30620",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma IL-6 concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1082,
1107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30621",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"VAS"
],
"offsets": [
[
989,
992
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30622",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30623",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6 increment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1548,
1562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30625",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30626",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gastric carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30627",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30628 | 17426180 | [
{
"id": "30629",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Low efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm in Vietnam : two randomized controlled trials . Vietnam is participating in a global de-worming effort that aims to treat 650 million school children regularly by 2010 . The treatment used in Vietnam is single dose oral mebendazole ( Phardazone ) 500 mg. We tested the efficacy of single dose mebendazole 500 mg in the therapy of hookworm infection in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among 271 Vietnamese schoolchildren . The treatment efficacy of single dose mebendazole in children did not differ significantly from placebo , with a reduction in mean eggs per gram of feces relative to placebo of 31 % ( 95 % CI -9 to 56 % , P = 0.1 ) . In light of these findings we then carried out a similar randomized trial comparing triple dose mebendazole , single dose albendazole , and triple dose albendazole against placebo in 209 adults in the same area . The estimated reduction in mean post-treatment eggs per gram of feces relative to placebo was 63 % ( 95 % CI 30-81 % ) for triple mebendazole , 75 % ( 47-88 % ) for single albendazole , and 88 % ( 58-97 % ) for triple albendazole . Our results suggest that single dose oral mebendazole has low efficacy against hookworm infection in Vietnam , and that it should be replaced by albendazole . These findings are of major public health relevance given the opportunity costs of treating entire populations with ineffective therapies . We recommend that efficacy of anti-helminth therapies is pilot tested before implementation of national gut worm control programs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1578
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30630",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mebendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30631",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mebendazole ( Phardazone )"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30632",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mebendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30633",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30634",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mebendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30635",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30636",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30637",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mebendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30638",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30639",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30640",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30641",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30642",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mebendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30643",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30644",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30645",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albendazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30646",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anti-helminth therapies"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1500
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30647",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean eggs per gram of feces"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30648",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in mean post-treatment eggs per gram of feces"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
985
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30649",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"low efficacy against hookworm infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1206,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30650 | 17432640 | [
{
"id": "30651",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Clinical observation on different acupuncture and moxibustion therapies for treatment of postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome ] . OBJECTIVE To optimize therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome ( PGS ) . METHODS Forty-one cases of PGS were randomly divided into 3 groups in order of visiting . Group A ( n = 17 ) were treated by warming needle moxibustion , group B ( n = 12 ) by acupuncture plus auricular point sticking , and group C ( n = 12 ) by routine acupuncture . Changes of gastric drainage volume , therapeutic times and cured rate were investigated in the 3 groups . RESULTS All the 3 therapeutic methods could significantly decrease gastric drainage volume . The cured rate was 100.0 % and the therapeutic times was ( 7.24 +/- 3.87 ) in the group A , 66.7 % , ( 9.83 +/- 4.60 ) times in the group B and 75.0 % , ( 15.25 +/- 3.81 ) times in the group C , with significant differences in the cured rate and the therapeutic times among the 3 groups ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION The warming needle moxibustion is the best method for PGS , with less therapeutic times , high cured rate and rapid effect ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1157
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "30652",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30653",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"moxibustion"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30654",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"warming needle moxibustion"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30655",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"acupuncture plus auricular point sticking"
],
"offsets": [
[
418,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30656",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"routine acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30657",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric drainage volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30658",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic times"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30659",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cured rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30660",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastric drainage volume ."
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30661",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cured rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30662",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic times"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30663",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cured rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30664",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic times"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "30665",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic times"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
564
]
],
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{
"id": "30667",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect ."
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]
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{
"id": "30668",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
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{
"id": "30669",
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]
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"id": "30670",
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],
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}
] | [] | [] | [] |
30673 | 17433718 | [
{
"id": "30674",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Temporal judgements of internal and external events in persons with and without autism . When participants make judgments about the onset of self-initiated movements they typically report the movement occurred earlier than it had [ Obhi , S. S. , & Haggard , P. ( 2004 ) . Free will and free wo n't . American Scientific , 92 , 358-365. ] . One interpretation is that feed-forward processes lead to awareness of the movement prior to execution . Because individuals with autism experience reduced preparatory activity prior to a voluntary movement , the present study sought to determine whether these anticipatory biases are exhibited by persons with autism . Participants watched a dot move in a circle and pressed the spacebar any time after one revolution . A tone either followed the participants ' voluntary movement or was computer generated . Participants in both groups made anticipatory judgements regarding movement initiation ( approximately 100 ms ) . When the movement and tone occurred together this anticipatory bias was also present , regardless of which event participants focused on . Individuals with autism appear to have access to a similar representation of voluntary movements , however this representation may be more variable ."
],
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[
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]
]
}
] | [
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"id": "30675",
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"id": "30676",
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"judgments"
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],
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"judgements"
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"id": "30680",
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"id": "30684",
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"autism"
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"id": "30685",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
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],
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}
] | [] | [] | [] |