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[ { "id": "32956", "type": "document", "text": [ "Midazolam as a main anesthesia induction agent -- a comparison with thiopental and diazepam . A clinical randomized investigation was undertaken to determine the value of midazolam as a narcotic adjuvant for anesthetic induction . Thirty ASA I-II adult patients undergoing selective surgery were allocated randomly into two groups to receive one of the following agents : midazolam 0.3 mg/kg , thiopental 5 mg/kg , or diazepam 0.4 mg/kg . The induction time as measured from the onset of injection to loss of the eyelash reflex was shortest in the case of thiopental ; while a lower frequency of apnea , lesser suppression of circulation , and lack of venous irritation were points favoring midazolam . However , further study is needed to clarify the moderate cardiovascular response seen during intubation in some cases as well as to elucidate any patient population differences ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 882 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32957", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32958", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopental and diazepam ." ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32959", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam 0.3 mg/kg , thiopental 5 mg/kg , or diazepam 0.4 mg/kg ." ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32961", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "value" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32962", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "induction time as measured from the onset of injection to loss of the eyelash reflex" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lower frequency of apnea , lesser suppression of circulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32964", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lack of venous irritation" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32965", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "moderate cardiovascular response" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32966", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32967", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASA I-II" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32969", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intravenous sodium valproate versus diazepam infusion for the control of refractory status epilepticus in children : a randomized controlled trial . An open-label , randomized controlled study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital to compare efficacy and safety of intravenous sodium valproate versus diazepam infusion for control of refractory status epilepticus . Forty children with refractory status epilepticus were randomized to receive either intravenous sodium valproate or diazepam infusion . Refractory status epilepticus was controlled in 80 % of the valproate and 85 % of the diazepam patients . The median time to control refractory status epilepticus was less in the valproate group ( 5 minutes ) than the diazepam group ( 17 minutes ; P < .001 ) . None of the patients in the valproate group required ventilation or developed hypotension , whereas in the diazepam group 60 % required ventilation and 50 % developed hypotension after starting diazepam infusion . No adverse effects on liver functions were seen with valproate . It is concluded that intravenous sodium valproate is an effective alternative to diazepam infusion in controlling refractory status epilepticus in children and is free of respiratory depression and hypotension ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1266 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intravenous sodium valproate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous sodium valproate" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32973", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous sodium valproate or diazepam infusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 512 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32975", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Refractory status epilepticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32976", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "median time to control refractory status epilepticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32977", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventilation or developed hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32978", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32979", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32980", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects on liver functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32981", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "refractory status epilepticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32982", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32983", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32984", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "refractory status epilepticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32985", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "32987", "type": "document", "text": [ "Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy : safe even in supracostal access . PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the outcome and safety of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL ) in the treatment of renal calculi . PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 2005 and March 2006 , 48 patients were randomized to either an 18F Re-entry nephrostomy tube ( group 1 ) or a 6F Double-J stent ( group 2 ) . The two groups were well matched for age , sex , stone size , stone laterality , and number of previous renal procedures . All PCNL procedures were performed by the same surgeon . Postoperative visual analog pain scale ( VAS ) scores at 8 and 24 hours and 14 days after surgery , in-hospital analgesic use , length of hospital stay , success rate , blood transfusion rate , and postoperative complications were compared for the two groups . RESULTS The mean hospital stays in groups 1 and 2 were 3.1 and 1.6 days , respectively ( P = 0.003 ) . The mean VAS scores 8 and 24 hours after surgery were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 ( P = 0.001 ) . The postoperative analgesic requirement ( diclofenac sodium ) was significantly higher in group 1 ( 263 mg ) than in group 2 ( 120 mg ; P = 0.02 ) . The rate of blood transfusion in the two groups was similar ( P = NS ) . There was no difference between the groups in VAS scores on postoperative day 14 . The number of supracostal accesses was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 ( P = 0.02 ) . The stone-free rates and the numbers of patients with insignificant residual fragments were similar in the two groups . There was no urine leakage or formation of urinoma in patients with Double-J stents . CONCLUSION Tubeless PCNL is safe and effective even after supracostal access and is associated with less postoperative pain and a shorter hospital stay ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1835 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32988", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32989", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32990", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "18F Re-entry nephrostomy tube" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32991", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "6F Double-J stent" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32992", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "( diclofenac sodium )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32993", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Tubeless PCNL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1693, 1706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32994", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32995", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32996", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Postoperative visual analog pain scale ( VAS ) scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32997", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "in-hospital analgesic use , length of hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32998", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "success rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "32999", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "blood transfusion rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33000", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33001", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean hospital stays" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33002", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "mean VAS scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33003", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative analgesic requirement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33004", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of blood transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33005", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "VAS scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33006", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of supracostal accesses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33007", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stone-free rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1480, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33008", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insignificant residual fragments" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33009", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "no urine leakage or formation of urinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1606, 1646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33010", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1787, 1805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33011", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "shorter hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1812, 1833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33012", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal calculi" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33013", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "48" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33015", "type": "document", "text": [ "Maternal breast-milk and intestinal bifidobacteria guide the compositional development of the Bifidobacterium microbiota in infants at risk of allergic disease . BACKGROUND The sources and the impact of maternal bacteria on the initial inoculum of the intestinal microflora of newborn infants remain elusive . OBJECTIVE To assess the association between maternal breast-milk and fecal bifidobacteria and infants ' fecal bifidobacteria . METHODS Sixty-one mother-infant pairs were included , special emphasis being placed on the maternal allergic status . Bifidobacteria were analysed by a direct PCR method in fecal samples from mothers at 30-35 weeks of gestation and from infants at 1 month of age and from breast-milk samples 1 month post-partum . RESULTS Fecal Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum colonization frequencies and counts among mother-infant pairs correlated significantly ( P=0.005 and 0.02 for frequencies , respectively , and P=0.002 and 0.01 for counts , respectively ) . Only infants of allergic , atopic mothers were colonized with B. adolescentis . Each of the breast-milk samples contained bifidobacteria [ median 1.4 x 10 ( 3 ) bacterial cells/mL ; interquartile range ( IQR ) 48.7-3.8 x 10 ( 3 ) ] . Bifidobacterium longum was the most frequently detected species in breast-milk . Allergic mothers had significantly lower amounts of bifidobacteria in breast-milk compared with non-allergic mothers [ median 1.3 x 10 ( 3 ) bacterial cells/mL ( IQR 22.4-3.0 x 10 ( 3 ) ) vs. 5.6 x 10 ( 3 ) bacterial cells/mL ( 1.8 x 10 ( 3 ) -1.8 x 10 ( 4 ) ) , respectively , ( P=0.004 ) ] , and their infants had concurrently lower counts of bifidobacteria in feces [ 3.9 x 10 ( 8 ) bacterial cells/g ( IQR 6.5 x 10 ( 6 ) -1.5 x 10 ( 9 ) ) in infants of allergic mothers , vs. 2.5 x 10 ( 9 ) bacterial cells/g ( 6.5 x 10 ( 8 ) -3.2 x 10 ( 10 ) ) in infants of non-allergic mothers , P=0.013 ] . CONCLUSIONS Breast-milk contains significant numbers of bifidobacteria and the maternal allergic status further deranges the counts of bifidobacteria in breast-milk . Maternal fecal and breast-milk bifidobacterial counts impacted on the infants ' fecal Bifidobacterium levels . Breast-milk bacteria should thus be considered an important source of bacteria in the establishment of infantile intestinal microbiota ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2339 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33016", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "direct PCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33017", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bifidobacteria" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33018", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bifidobacterium longum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33019", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bifidobacteria" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33020", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bifidobacteria in feces" ], "offsets": [ [ 1672, 1695 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33022", "type": "document", "text": [ "Human papillomavirus and Papanicolaou tests to screen for cervical cancer . BACKGROUND Screening for cervical cancer based on testing for human papillomavirus ( HPV ) increases the sensitivity of detection of high-grade ( grade 2 or 3 ) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia , but whether this gain represents overdiagnosis or protection against future high-grade cervical epithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer is unknown . METHODS In a population-based screening program in Sweden , 12,527 women 32 to 38 years of age were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to have an HPV test plus a Papanicolaou ( Pap ) test ( intervention group ) or a Pap test alone ( control group ) . Women with a positive HPV test and a normal Pap test result were offered a second HPV test at least 1 year later , and those who were found to be persistently infected with the same high-risk type of HPV were then offered colposcopy with cervical biopsy . A similar number of double-blinded Pap smears and colposcopies with biopsy were performed in randomly selected women in the control group . Comprehensive registry data were used to follow the women for a mean of 4.1 years . The relative rates of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer detected at enrollment and at subsequent screening examinations were calculated . RESULTS At enrollment , the proportion of women in the intervention group who were found to have lesions of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer was 51 % greater ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 13 to 102 ) than the proportion of women in the control group who were found to have such lesions . At subsequent screening examinations , the proportion of women in the intervention group who were found to have grade 2 or 3 lesions or cancer was 42 % less ( 95 % CI , 4 to 64 ) and the proportion with grade 3 lesions or cancer was 47 % less ( 95 % CI , 2 to 71 ) than the proportions of control women who were found to have such lesions . Women with persistent HPV infection remained at high risk for grade 2 or 3 lesions or cancer after referral for colposcopy . CONCLUSIONS The addition of an HPV test to the Pap test to screen women in their mid-30s for cervical cancer reduces the incidence of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer detected by subsequent screening examinations . ( ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00479375 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] . ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2409 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33023", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Human papillomavirus" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33024", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Papanicolaou tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33025", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "HPV test" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33026", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Papanicolaou ( Pap ) test" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33027", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Pap test" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33028", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "HPV test" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33029", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Pap test" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33030", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "HPV test" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33031", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Pap smears" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33032", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "and colposcopies with biopsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33033", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33034", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33035", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33036", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33037", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "HPV test" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33038", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Pap test" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33039", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "double-blinded Pap smears" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33040", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "and colposcopies with biopsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33041", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33042", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "or cancer detected" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33043", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lesions of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1411, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33044", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "or" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33045", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33046", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "2 or 3 lesions or cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1751, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33047", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12,527" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33048", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33049", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "32 to 38 years of age" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33050", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33051", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mid-30s" ], "offsets": [ [ 2180, 2187 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33053", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of vacuum-compression therapy on healing of diabetic foot ulcers : randomized controlled trial . A single-blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate vacuum-compression therapy ( VCT ) for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers . Eighteen diabetic patients with foot ulcers were recruited through simple nonprobability sampling . Subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group . Before and after intervention , the foot ulcer surface area was estimated stereologically , based on Cavalieri 's principle . The experimental group was treated with VCT in addition to conventional therapy for 10 sessions . The control group received only conventional therapy , including debridement , blood glucose control agents , systemic antibiotics , wound cleaning with normal saline , offloading ( pressure relief ) , and daily wound dressings . The mean foot ulcer surface area decreased from 46.88 +/- 9.28 mm ( 2 ) to 35.09 +/- 4.09 mm ( 2 ) in the experimental group ( p = 0.006 ) and from 46.62 +/- 10.03 mm ( 2 ) to 42.89 +/- 8.1 mm ( 2 ) in the control group ( p = 0.01 ) . After treatment , the experimental group significantly improved in measures of foot ulcer surface area compared with the control group ( p = 0.024 ) . VCT enhances diabetic foot ulcer healing when combined with appropriate wound care ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1356 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33054", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vacuum-compression therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33055", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vacuum-compression therapy ( VCT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33056", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33057", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "VCT in addition to conventional therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33058", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "conventional therapy , including debridement , blood glucose control agents , systemic antibiotics , wound cleaning with normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33059", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33060", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "offloading ( pressure relief )" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33061", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ ", and" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33062", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "daily wound dressings" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33063", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "VCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33064", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "vacuum-compression therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33065", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33066", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "vacuum-compression therapy ( VCT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33067", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33068", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33069", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "foot ulcer surface area" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33070", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "VCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33071", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "conventional therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33072", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "conventional therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33073", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "debridement , blood glucose control agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33074", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "systemic antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 786 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33075", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "wound cleaning with normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33076", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "offloading" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33077", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "daily wound dressings" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "foot ulcer surface area" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33079", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "measures of foot ulcer surface area" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33080", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "VCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33081", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diabetic foot ulcer healing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33082", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33083", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetic foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33084", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33085", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33086", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33088", "type": "document", "text": [ "Children with autism 's response to novel stimuli while participating in interventions targeting joint attention or symbolic play skills . Thirty-five children diagnosed with autism were randomly assigned to either a joint attention or a symbolic play intervention . During the 5-8 week treatment , three novel probes were administered to determine mastery of joint attention skills . The probes consisted of auditory and visual stimuli , such as a loud spider crawling or a musical ball bouncing . The current study examined affect , gaze , joint attention behaviors , and verbalizations at three different time points of intervention . Results revealed that children randomized to the joint attention group were more likely to acknowledge the probe and engage in shared interactions between intervener and probe upon termination of intervention . Additionally , the joint attention group improved in the proportion of time spent sharing coordinated joint looks between intervener and probe . These results suggest that generalization of joint attention skills to a novel probe did occur for the group targeting joint attention and provides further evidence of the effectiveness of the joint attention intervention ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1217 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33089", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "novel stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33090", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "joint attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33091", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "symbolic play" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33092", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "joint attention or a symbolic play intervention ." ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33093", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "joint attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33094", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response to novel stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33095", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mastery of joint attention skills ." ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33096", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "affect , gaze , joint attention behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33097", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbalizations" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33098", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "acknowledge the probe and engage in shared interactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33099", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "proportion of time spent sharing coordinated joint looks" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33100", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Children with autism 's" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33101", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-five children" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33102", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33104", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of menopausal symptoms during the first year of adjuvant therapy with either exemestane or tamoxifen in early breast cancer : report of a Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multicenter trial substudy . PURPOSE Hormonal breast cancer treatment increases menopausal symptoms in women . This study investigated differences between the symptoms associated with either adjuvant tamoxifen or exemestane . PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten common symptoms were assessed by self-report questionnaire administered to 1,614 consecutive patients at baseline and every 3 months during the first year of a double-blind , randomized trial of postmenopausal women with early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer . Symptoms were categorized as none , mild , moderate , or severe . A hot flash score was calculated at each time point . Symptoms were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance . Each time period was tested repeatedly against the baseline ; an overall P value was assigned for each reported symptom . RESULTS Compliance was excellent , with 7,286 questionnaires analyzed . Baseline symptom prevalence ranged from 2 % ( vaginal bleeding ) to 60 % to 70 % ( bone/muscle aches and low energy ) . There were no significant differences in vaginal bleeding , mood alteration , or low energy . Patients receiving tamoxifen had significantly more vaginal discharge ( P < .0001 ) . Exemestane patients reported more bone/muscle aches ( P < .0001 ) , vaginal dryness ( P = .0004 ) , and difficulty sleeping ( P = .03 ) . In both groups , the hot flash score peaked at 3 months and decreased thereafter . At 12 months , patients receiving tamoxifen had a significantly higher mean hot flash score ( P = .03 ) , with daily hot flashes increasing from baseline by 33 % compared with a 7 % increase from baseline with exemestane . CONCLUSION At 12 months , exemestane was associated with fewer hot flashes and less vaginal discharge than tamoxifen , but with more vaginal dryness , bone/muscle aches , and difficulty sleeping . Symptoms were common in both groups ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2058 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33105", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "exemestane or tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33106", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant tamoxifen or exemestane" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33107", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "menopausal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33108", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hot flash score" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33109", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33110", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone/muscle aches" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33111", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low energy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33112", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vaginal bleeding ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33113", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mood alteration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33114", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", or low energy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1276, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33115", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vaginal discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1346, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33116", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone/muscle aches" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33117", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vaginal dryness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1448, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33118", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "difficulty sleeping" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33119", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hot flash score" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33120", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hot flash score" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33121", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hot flashes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33122", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hot flashes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33123", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vaginal discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1346, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33124", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vaginal dryness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1448, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33125", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone/muscle aches" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33126", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "difficulty sleeping" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33127", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33128", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33129", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1,614" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33130", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33131", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33132", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 696 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33134", "type": "document", "text": [ "Covariation of adolescent physical activity and dietary behaviors over 12 months . PURPOSE This study examined covariation among changes in dietary , physical activity , and sedentary behaviors over 12 months among adolescents participating in a health behavior intervention . Evidence of covariation among behaviors would suggest multi-behavior interventions could have synergistic effects . METHODS Prospective analyses were conducted with baseline and 12-month assessments from a randomized controlled trial to promote improved diet , physical activity , and sedentary behaviors ( experimental condition ) or SUN protection behaviors ( comparison condition ) . Participants were adolescent girls and boys ( N = 878 ) aged 11-15 years on entry . The main outcomes were : diet , based on multiple 24-hour recalls ( total fat , grams of fiber , servings of fruit and vegetables , total calories ) ; average daily energy expenditure ( kcals/kg ) based on 7-day physical activity recall interviews ; daily minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity minutes from accelerometery ; and self-reported daily hours of sedentary behavior . RESULTS Covariation was found between fat and calories ( r = .16 ) , fiber and calories ( r = .53 ) , fiber and fruit/vegetables ( r = .53 ) , calories and fruit/vegetables ( r = .34 ) , and fruit and vegetables and sedentary behavior ( r = -.12 ) for the total sample ( all p values < .01 ) . The pattern of findings was similar for most subgroups defined by gender and study condition . CONCLUSIONS The strongest covariation was observed for diet variables that are inherently related ( calories and fat , fiber , and fruit/vegetables ) . Little covariation was detected within or between other diet , physical activity and sedentary behavior domains suggesting that interventions to improve these behaviors in adolescents need to include specific program components for each target behavior of interest ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1942 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33135", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adolescent physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33136", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dietary behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33137", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dietary" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33138", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33139", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "sedentary behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33140", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "sedentary behaviors ( experimental condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33141", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "SUN protection behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33142", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adolescent physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33143", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "dietary behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33144", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33145", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33146", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sedentary behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33147", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "SUN protection behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33148", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33149", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "average daily energy expenditure" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33150", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "daily minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33151", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-reported daily hours of sedentary behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1085, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33152", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fiber and fruit/vegetables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1237, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33153", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calories and fruit/vegetables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33154", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fruit and vegetables" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33155", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sedentary behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33156", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "diet variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1579, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33157", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33158", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33159", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sedentary behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33160", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescent" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33161", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "health behavior intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33162", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33163", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33164", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "878" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33165", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "11-15" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33167", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lactoferrin supplementation to Holstein calves during the preweaning and postweaning phases . Sixty Holstein calves ( 30 bulls , 30 heifers ) were used to examine the effects of supplemental lactoferrin on feed intake , growth , and health during the preweaning and postweaning periods . One of 3 levels of lactoferrin was supplemented from 3 to 56 d in either whole milk or water to produce 3 dietary treatments : 1 ) 0 g/d , 2 ) 0.5 g/d , and 3 ) 1 g/d . Whole milk ( 3.8 L/d ) containing lactoferrin supplements was fed from bottles until weaning at 35 d. From d 36 to 56 , lactoferrin supplements were added to water ( 15 to 25 mL ) and fed from bottles . Lactoferrin supplementation had no effect on feed intake , body weight , average daily gain , heart girth , body temperature , fecal scores , respiratory scores , or haptoglobin concentrations . Calves were housed in individual pens in either an open-sided barn or hutches . Calves raised in the barn consumed more calf starter and therefore grew better than calves raised in hutches . Under the conditions of this study , lactoferrin supplementation was not beneficial . Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of lactoferrin , and possible benefits during different feeding conditions or milk sources ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1279 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lactoferrin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33169", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "supplemental lactoferrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33170", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactoferrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33171", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactoferrin supplements" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33172", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactoferrin supplements" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33173", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lactoferrin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33174", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactoferrin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33175", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactoferrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33176", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "feed intake , growth , and health" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33177", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "feed intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33178", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight , average daily gain , heart girth , body temperature , fecal scores , respiratory scores , or haptoglobin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33179", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "( 30 bulls , 30 heifers )" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33181", "type": "document", "text": [ "Chlorhexidine-based antiseptic solution vs alcohol-based povidone-iodine for central venous catheter care . BACKGROUND Although chlorhexidine-based solutions and alcohol-based povidone-iodine have been shown to be more efficient than aqueous povidone-iodine for skin disinfection at catheter insertion sites , their abilities to reduce catheter-related infection have never been compared . METHODS Consecutively scheduled central venous catheters inserted into jugular or subclavian veins were randomly assigned to be disinfected with 5 % povidone-iodine in 70 % ethanol or with a combination of 0.25 % chlorhexidine gluconate , 0.025 % benzalkonium chloride , and 4 % benzylic alcohol . Solutions were used for skin disinfection before catheter insertion ( 2 consecutive 30-second applications separated by a period sufficiently long to allow for dryness ) and then as single applications during subsequent dressing changes ( every 72 hours , or earlier if soiled or wet ) . RESULTS Of 538 catheters randomized , 481 ( 89.4 % ) produced evaluable culture results . Compared with povidone-iodine , the chlorhexidine-based solution was associated with a 50 % decrease in the incidence of catheter colonization ( 11.6 % vs 22.2 % [ P = .002 ] ; incidence density , 9.7 vs 18.3 per 1000 catheter-days ) and with a trend toward lower rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection ( 1.7 % vs 4.2 % [ P = .09 ] ; incidence density , 1.4 vs 3.4 per 1000 catheter-days ) . Independent risk factors for catheter colonization were catheter insertion into the jugular vein ( adjusted relative risk , 2.01 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.24-3.24 ) and use of povidone-iodine ( adjusted relative risk , 1.87 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.18-2.96 ) . CONCLUSION Chlorhexidine-based solutions should be considered as a replacement for povidone-iodine ( including alcohol-based ) formulations in efforts to prevent catheter-related infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1929 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33182", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Chlorhexidine-based antiseptic solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33183", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alcohol-based povidone-iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33184", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorhexidine-based solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33185", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alcohol-based povidone-iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33186", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 % povidone-iodine in 70 % ethanol or with a combination of 0.25 % chlorhexidine gluconate , 0.025 % benzalkonium chloride , and 4 % benzylic alcohol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33187", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "povidone-iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33188", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorhexidine-based solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33189", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "povidone-iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33190", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Chlorhexidine-based solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1750, 1779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33191", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "povidone-iodine ( including alcohol-based ) formulations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1822, 1878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33192", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "catheter-related infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33193", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "culture results" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33194", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of catheter colonization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33195", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence density" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33196", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "catheter-related bloodstream infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33197", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence density" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33198", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "catheter colonization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33199", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "catheter-related infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33200", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "catheter insertion sites" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33201", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "central venous catheters" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33202", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "538" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33203", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "481" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33205", "type": "document", "text": [ "Oral amoxicillin vs. oral erythromycin in the treatment of pyoderma in Bamako , Mali : an open randomized trial . BACKGROUND Pyoderma ( bacterial superficial skin infection ) is an extremely common disorder in tropical developing countries . In these settings , Streptococcus pyogenes is considered to be the main etiological agent . Apart from epidemics of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis where mass treatment with intramuscular benzathine-penicillin is recommended , no recommendation exists for the treatment of pyoderma in this setting . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral amoxicillin in the treatment of pyoderma in Mali , by comparison with oral erythromycin . METHODS In Bamako , 132 patients with pyoderma , diagnosed and graded as \" severe \" on clinical grounds , were randomly assigned to an oral treatment by either amoxicillin ( 50 mg/kg per day ) or erythromycin ; infections of the follicular appendage were excluded . Both drugs were associated with the topical application of povidone iodine . The patients were evaluated openly at the seventh day of treatment for cure or marked improvement of the clinical features , indicating successful treatment . RESULTS Three patients were lost to follow-up . Treatment was successful in 57 of 64 patients treated with amoxicillin vs. 58 of 65 patients treated with erythromycin ( P = 0.00 ) . CONCLUSIONS Amoxicillin was as efficacious as erythromycin in the treatment of severe pyoderma in Mali . Owing to its efficacy , added to high availability and low cost , this compound should be considered a first-line treatment of this disorder in this country , and perhaps in other countries where this condition presents in a similar way ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1723 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33206", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33207", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33208", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "benzathine-penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33209", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33211", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33212", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33213", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "treatment of pyoderma" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33214", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical features" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33215", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "successful treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33216", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Treatment was successful" ], "offsets": [ [ 1246, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33217", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Amoxicillin was as efficacious" ], "offsets": [ [ 1392, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33218", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "treatment of severe pyoderma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1446, 1474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33219", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "treatment of pyoderma in Bamako , Mali :" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33220", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Pyoderma ( bacterial superficial skin infection )" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33221", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "tropical developing countries ." ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 241 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33222", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe pyoderma in Mali ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1459, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33224", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen and lidocaine on propofol injection pain . BACKGROUND Different methods and propofol formulations have been used to decrease propofol injection pain , but it remains an unresolved problem . We aimed to investigate the effect of i.v . acetaminophen pretreatment on the propofol injection pain . METHODS One hundred and fifty ASA I-II patients undergoing general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups . A 20-gauge catheter was inserted into a superficial radial vein of the left hand , and after the occlusion of venous drainage , Groups I , II , and III were pretreated with 40 mg of lidocaine in saline , 50 mg of i.v . acetaminophen , and 5 ml of saline , respectively . The occlusion was released after 2 min and one-fourth of the total propofol dose was injected into the vein over a period of 5 s. During the injection of both pretreatment solution and propofol , patients ' pain was assessed and recorded as 0-3 , corresponding to no , mild , moderate or severe pain , respectively . Chi2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for the statistical analysis . For all analyses , differences were considered to be significant at P < 0.05 . RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar among the groups . Incidence of pain on injection of propofol in control , i.v . acetaminophen , and lidocaine groups was 64 % , 22 % and 8 % , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with i.v . acetaminophen seems to be effective in attenuating pain during i.v . injection of propofol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1538 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33225", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33226", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33227", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33228", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33229", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33230", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33231", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33232", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33233", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33234", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33235", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33236", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33237", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "propofol injection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33238", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "injection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33239", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33240", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Incidence of pain on injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33241", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33242", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "One hundred and fifty ASA I-II patients undergoing general anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33244", "type": "document", "text": [ "Low-dose intravenous midazolam reduces etomidate-induced myoclonus : a prospective , randomized study in patients undergoing elective cardioversion . BACKGROUND Myoclonic movements are a common problem in unpremedicated patients during induction of anesthesia with etomidate . METHODS In a double-blind fashion , 40 patients ( ASA physical status III-IV ) scheduled for elective cardioversion were randomly assigned to receive either 0.015 mg/kg midazolam or placebo 90 s before the injection of 0.3 mg/kg etomidate . Myoclonic movements and sedation were recorded on a scale between 0 and 3 . Pulse oximetry , noninvasive arterial blood pressure , and heart rate were recorded during the study period . RESULTS Two patients ( 10 % ) in the midazolam group had myoclonic movements after the administration of etomidate , whereas 10 of the 20 patients ( 50 % ) receiving placebo experienced such movements ( P = 0.006 ) . No other differences were found between the groups ; in particular , there was no difference in recovery 5 min after the administration of etomidate . CONCLUSIONS IV midazolam 0.015 mg/kg administered 90 s before induction of anesthesia with etomidate is effective in reducing myoclonic movements and does not prolong recovery in unpremedicated patients after short procedures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1299 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33245", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33246", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33247", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33248", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etomidate" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33249", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33250", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etomidate" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33251", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33252", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33253", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Myoclonic movements and sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33254", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pulse oximetry , noninvasive arterial blood pressure , and heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33255", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myoclonic movements" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33256", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing elective cardioversion ." ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33258", "type": "document", "text": [ "How well do blood folate concentrations predict dietary folate intakes in a sample of Canadian lactating women exposed to high levels of folate ? An observational study . BACKGROUND In 1998 , mandatory folic acid fortification of white flour and select cereal grain products was implemented in Canada with the intention to increase dietary folate intakes of reproducing women . Folic acid fortification has produced a dramatic increase in blood folate concentrations among reproductive age women , and a reduction in neural tube defect ( NTD ) -affected pregnancies . In response to improved blood folate concentrations , many health care professionals are asking whether a folic acid supplement is necessary for NTD prevention among women with high blood folate values , and how reliably high RBC folate concentrations predict folate intakes shown in randomized controlled trials to be protective against NTDs . The objective of this study was to determine how predictive blood folate concentrations and folate intakes are of each other in a sample of well-educated lactating Canadian women exposed to high levels of synthetic folate . METHODS The relationship between blood folate concentrations and dietary folate intakes , determined by weighed food records , were assessed in a sample of predominantly university-educated lactating women ( 32 +/- 4 yr ) at 4- ( n = 53 ) and 16-wk postpartum ( n = 55 ) . RESULTS Median blood folate concentrations of all participants were well above plasma and RBC folate cut-off levels indicative of deficiency ( 6.7 and 317 nmol/L , respectively ) and all , except for 2 subjects , were above the cut-off for NTD-risk reduction ( > 906 nmol/L ) . Only modest associations existed between total folate intakes and plasma ( r = 0.46 , P < 0.001 ) and RBC ( r = 0.36 , P < 0.01 ) folate concentrations at 16-wk postpartum . Plasma and RBC folate values at 16-wk postpartum correctly identified the quartile of folate intake of only 26 of 55 ( 47 % ) and 18 of 55 ( 33 % ) of subjects , respectively . The mean RBC folate concentration of women consuming 151-410 microg/d of synthetic folate ( 2nd quartile of intake ) did not differ from that of women consuming > 410 microg/d ( 3rd and 4th quartile ) . CONCLUSION Folate intakes , estimated by food composition tables , and blood folate concentrations are not predictive of each other in Canadian lactating women exposed to high levels of folate . Synthetic intakes > 151-410 microg/d in these women produced little additional benefit in terms of maximizing RBC content . More studies are needed to examine the relationship between blood folate concentration and NTD risk . Until data from such studies are available , women planning a pregnancy should continue to consume a daily folic acid supplement of 400 microg ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2807 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33259", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33260", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dietary folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33261", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "folic acid supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33262", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33263", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33264", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33265", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "total folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33266", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 2253, 2267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33267", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33268", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "folic acid supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33269", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33270", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33271", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33272", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dietary folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33274", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33275", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33276", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33277", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "folate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33278", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma and RBC folate values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1862, 1890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33279", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "RBC folate concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33280", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Folate intakes" ], "offsets": [ [ 2253, 2267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33281", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33282", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33283", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood folate concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33284", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33285", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33286", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "reproducing" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33287", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33288", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33289", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high blood folate values" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33290", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33291", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "synthetic folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33292", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33293", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "( 32 +/- 4 yr )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1343, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33294", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "53" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33295", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "55" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33297", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of gabapentin on experimental somatic pain and temporal summation . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gabapentin is used for treatment of neuropathic pain , but its effect on different somatic pain modalities and integrative mechanisms are not completely understood . The aim of this double-blind , placebo-controlled experimental pain study , conducted on 20 healthy volunteers , was to examine the effect of a single dose of 1200 mg gabapentin on multi-modal experimental cutaneous and muscle pain models . METHODS The following pain models were applied : ( 1 ) pain thresholds to single and repeated cutaneous and intramuscular electrical stimulation ( temporal summation to 5 stimuli delivered at 2 Hz ) ; ( 2 ) stimulus-response function relating pain intensity scores ( visual analog scale , VAS ) to increasing current intensities for electrical skin and muscle stimuli ( single and repeated , determined at baseline ) ; and ( 3 ) the pain intensity ( VAS ) and pain areas after intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline . Pain assessments were performed prior to , and at 4 , 6 , and 8 hours after medication . RESULTS When responses were averaged across the post-dose times , gabapentin : ( 1 ) significantly increased the temporal summation pain threshold in skin compared with placebo ( P = .03 ) ; ( 2 ) significantly reduced the area under the pain intensity curve to hypertonic saline injections in the muscle ( P = .02 ) ; and ( 3 ) significantly reduced the area of pain evoked by hypertonic saline ( P = .03 ) . CONCLUSIONS Gabapentin reduces temporal summation of skin stimuli at pain threshold intensities ; this may have potential as a biomarker for drugs with efficacy on neurogenic pain . The data also suggest that tonic muscle pain is responsive to gabapentin treatment and suggest further clinical studies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1835 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33298", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33299", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33300", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33301", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "single and repeated cutaneous and intramuscular electrical stimulation ( temporal summation to 5 stimuli delivered at 2 Hz )" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33302", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pain intensity ( VAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33303", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pain areas" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33304", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline ." ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33305", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33306", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Gabapentin" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33307", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "somatic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "temporal summation" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33309", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain intensity scores ( visual analog scale , VAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33310", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain intensity ( VAS ) and pain areas after intramuscular injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33311", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33312", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "temporal summation pain threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33313", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "area under the pain intensity curve to hypertonic saline injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1345, 1412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33314", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "area of pain evoked by hypertonic saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1477, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33315", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "temporal summation of skin stimuli at pain threshold intensities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33316", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "tonic muscle pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1741, 1758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33317", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33318", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33320", "type": "document", "text": [ "Mode of ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass does not affect immediate postbypass oxygenation in pediatric cardiac patients . STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of different modes of ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) on immediate postbypass oxygenation in pediatric cardiac surgery . DESIGN Prospective , randomized clinical trial . SETTING University hospital . PATIENTS 50 pediatric patients ( 18 girls , 32 boys ) , aged 4 months to 15 years , undergoing elective repair of congenital heart disease . INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive one of 5 modes of ventilation during bypass . Groups 1 and 2 received high-frequency/low-volume ventilation with 100 % ( group 1 ) or 21 % oxygen ( group 2 ) . Groups 3 and 4 received continuous positive airway pressure of 5 cm H ( 2 ) O with 100 % ( group 3 ) or 21 % oxygen ( group 4 ) ; and in group 5 , each patient 's airway was disconnected from the ventilator ( passive deflation ) . MEASUREMENTS Blood gas analysis and spirometry data were recorded 5 minutes before chest opening , 5 minutes before inducing bypass , 5 minutes after weaning from bypass , and 5 minutes after chest closure . MAIN RESULTS There were no differences in Pao ( 2 ) values among the 5 groups studied and at the different time points . Lung compliance was higher 5 minutes before bypass in group 1 versus group 5 ( 34 +/- 13 mL/cm H ( 2 ) O vs 20 +/- 9 mL/cm H ( 2 ) O ; P = 0.048 ) . CONCLUSIONS Mode of ventilation during CPB did not affect immediate postbypass oxygenation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1543 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33321", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Mode of ventilation during" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33322", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33323", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "modes of ventilation during" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33324", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33325", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "one of 5 modes of ventilation during" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33326", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33327", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "high-frequency/low-volume ventilation with 100 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33328", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "continuous positive airway pressure of 5 cm H ( 2 ) O with 100 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33329", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "21 % oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33330", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "each patient 's airway was disconnected from the ventilator ( passive deflation )" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33331", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Mode of" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33332", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33333", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Blood gas analysis and spirometry data" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33334", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pao ( 2 ) values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1223, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33335", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lung compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1302, 1317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33336", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pediatric cardiac patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33338", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term psychosocial and health economy consequences of ADHD , autism , and reading-writing disorder : a prospective service evaluation project . OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate psychosocial , societal , and family cost consequences of a psychoeducational intervention program . METHODS Sixty boys with ADHD , Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism ( AS/HFA ) , and reading and writing disorder ( RD/WD ) were allocated to participate in a service evaluation project . Every other boy in each diagnostic group was randomly allocated to receive either ( a ) a special education program ( clinical index group ) or ( b ) follow-up without the special education program ( clinical comparison group ) . Nine years after initial assessments the stability of the psychosocial and economic resource consequences over time was studied . RESULTS ADHD , AS/HFA , and RD/WD all had severe impact on family life quality . The societal costs were high , but no significant differences in resource use or in total costs were found between the clinical index and the comparison groups . CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the very long-term need for support including individually tailored reevaluations and carefully monitored intervention programs adapted to family needs and severity of child disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1301 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33339", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "a special education program ( clinical index group" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33340", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "follow-up without the special education program ( clinical comparison group" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33341", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "family life quality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33342", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resource use or in total costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33343", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ADHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33344", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33345", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "reading-writing disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33346", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33347", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33348", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ADHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33349", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism ( AS/HFA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33350", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "reading and writing disorder ( RD/WD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33352", "type": "document", "text": [ "Assessment of response to induction therapy and its influence on 5-year failure-free survival in group III rhabdomyosarcoma : the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-IV experience -- a report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children 's Oncology Group . PURPOSE Initial response to induction chemotherapy predicts failure-free survival ( FFS ) in osteosarcoma and Ewing 's sarcoma . For Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study ( IRS ) IV patients with group III rhabdomyosarcoma , we assessed whether reported response assessed by anatomic imaging at week 8 predicted FFS . PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 444 group III patients who received induction therapy , had response assessed at week 8 by anatomic imaging , and continued with protocol therapy . Induction chemotherapy was generally followed by radiation therapy ( RT ) starting after week 9 . Response to induction therapy was determined at weeks 0 and 8 . Local institutions coded response . RESULTS Response rate for the entire cohort at week 8 was 77 % ( 95 % CI , 73 % to 81 % ; complete response [ CR ] , 21 % ; partial response [ PR ] , 56 % ) but response had no influence on FFS ( P = .57 ) . Two hundred seventy-two patients received standard-timing RT at week 9 and thus only chemotherapy during induction . Response rate was 81 % ( 95 % CI , 76 % to 86 % ; CR , 22 % ; PR , 59 % ) . In these patients , response did not influence FFS except for those with alveolar histology . One hundred thirty-two other patients received chemotherapy and RT during induction ( up-front RT ) . Response rate was 65 % ( 95 % CI , 57 % to 73 % ; CR , 12 % ; PR , 53 % ) , but response had no influence on FFS ( P = .69 ) . Forty patients received no RT at all ( protocol violation ) and response to induction therapy had no effect on FFS . CONCLUSION In IRS-IV , response rate to induction therapy was 77 % in group III patients , was independent of histology , and had no influence on FFS overall ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1957 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "induction therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33355", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "anatomic imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33356", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "continued with protocol therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33357", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33358", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiation therapy ( RT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33359", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "5-year failure-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33360", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "failure-free survival ( FFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33361", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33362", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "complete response [ CR ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33363", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "partial response [ PR ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33364", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "FFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33365", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33366", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33367", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "PR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33368", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "did not influence FFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1387, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33369", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33370", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33371", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "PR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33372", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "FFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33373", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "FFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33374", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1821, 1834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33375", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "FFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33377", "type": "document", "text": [ "Robotic therapy : a novel approach in upper-limb neurorehabilitation after stroke ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33378", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Robotic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33379", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "upper-limb neurorehabilitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33380", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stroke ." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33382", "type": "document", "text": [ "Hitting the target : relatively easy , yet absolutely difficult . It is generally agreed that absolute-direction judgments require information about eye position , whereas relative-direction judgments do not . The source of this eye-position information , particularly during monocular viewing , is a matter of debate . It may be either binocular eye position , or the position of the viewing-eye only , that is crucial . Using more ecologically valid stimulus situations than the traditional LED in the dark , we performed two experiments . In experiment 1 , observers threw darts at targets that were fixated either monocularly or binocularly . In experiment 2 , observers aimed a laser gun at targets while fixating either the rear or the front gunsight monocularly , or the target either monocularly or binocularly . We measured the accuracy and precision of the observers ' absolute- and relative-direction judgments . We found that ( a ) relative-direction judgments were precise and independent of phoria , and ( b ) monocular absolute-direction judgments were inaccurate , and the magnitude of the inaccuracy was predictable from the magnitude of phoria . These results confirm that relative-direction judgments do not require information about eye position . Moreover , they show that binocular eye-position information is crucial when judging the absolute direction of both monocular and binocular targets ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1417 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33383", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "observers threw darts at targets that were fixated either monocularly or binocularly" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33384", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "observers aimed a laser gun at targets while fixating either the rear or the front gunsight monocularly , or the target either monocularly or binocularly" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33385", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "accuracy" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33386", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33387", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "precision" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33388", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "inaccurate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33389", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "inaccuracy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33390", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "absolute-direction judgments" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33391", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "observers threw darts at targets that were fixated either monocularly or binocularly ." ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33392", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "monocularly or binocularly" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33394", "type": "document", "text": [ "Sivelestat sodium hydrate improves septic acute lung injury by reducing alveolar dysfunction . Sivelestat sodium hydrate ( sivelestat ) is a selective inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase ( PMN-E ) . We administered sivelestat to patients with septic acute lung injury ( ALI ) to examine its usefulness . The primary endpoints in the study were the duration of artificial ventilation and pulmonary oxygenation ability , and the secondary endpoints were mortality and the concentrations of PMN-E , SP-D , TNF-alpha and IL-8 in blood . In the sivelestat group , the duration of artificial ventilation , pulmonary oxygenation ability , and the blood PMN-E , SP-D , TNF-alpha and IL-8 concentrations decreased significantly . Administration of sivelestat was found to reduce alveolar dysfunction and improve respiratory function , and it was suggested that early administration might be useful ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 904 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sivelestat sodium hydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33396", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sivelestat sodium hydrate ( sivelestat )" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33397", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sivelestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sivelestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33399", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sivelestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33400", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of artificial ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33401", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pulmonary oxygenation ability" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33402", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33403", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of artificial ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33404", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pulmonary oxygenation ability" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33405", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood PMN-E , SP-D , TNF-alpha and IL-8 concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33406", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "alveolar dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33407", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "respiratory function" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33408", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "septic acute lung injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33409", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "septic acute lung injury ( ALI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33411", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of a dental cream containing amorphous cream phosphate complexes on white spot lesion regression assessed by laser fluorescence . PURPOSE To investigate and compare the effects of a dental cream containing complexes of casein phosphoprotein-amorphous calcium phosphate ( CPP-ACP ) and fluoride mouthwashes on the regression of white spot lesions ( WSL ) . MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 26 healthy adolescents ( mean age 14.6 years ) exhibiting 60 teeth with 152 visible WSL sites on incisors and canines immediately after debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances . After bracket removal , professional tooth cleaning and drying , a visual scoring ( 0-4 ) and laser fluorescence ( LF ) readings were carried out . The patients were randomly assigned to two different treatment protocols with the aim of remineralising the lesions : A ) daily topical applications of a dental cream containing CPP-ACP ( Topacal ) for 3 months followed by a 3-month period of daily toothbrushing with fluoridated dentifrice , or B ) daily 0.05 % sodium fluoride mouthwash combined with fluoridated dentifrice for 6 months . The registrations were repeated after 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months and follow-up data were compared with baseline with aid of chi-square and paired t-tests . RESULTS A significant improvement of the clinical WSL-scores was found over time in both groups , but there was a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.01 ) concerning the number of sites that totally disappeared after 12 months in favour of the CPP-ACP regime , 63 % compared with 25 % respectively . The clinical registrations were mirrored by a statistically significant decrease ( p < 0.05 ) in the LF readings at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups compared with baseline . No significant differences were displayed between the groups . CONCLUSIONS Clinical scoring and LF assessment suggested that both regimens could promote regression of WSL after debonding of fixed orthodontic appliances . The visual evaluation suggested an aesthetically more favourable outcome of the amorphous calcium phosphate treatments ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2108 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33412", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amorphous cream phosphate complexes" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33413", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "casein phosphoprotein-amorphous calcium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33414", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33415", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "bracket removal" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33416", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "professional tooth cleaning and drying" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33417", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "a visual scoring ( 0-4 ) and laser fluorescence ( LF ) readings" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33418", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "daily topical applications of a dental cream containing CPP-ACP ( Topacal ) for 3 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33419", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "followed by a 3-month period of daily toothbrushing with fluoridated dentifrice , or B )" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33420", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "daily 0.05 % sodium fluoride mouthwash combined with fluoridated dentifrice for 6 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33421", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amorphous calcium phosphate treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 2068, 2106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33422", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical WSL-scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33423", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of sites that totally disappeared" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LF readings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1696, 1707 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33426", "type": "document", "text": [ "Exploring effects of different treadmill interventions on walking onset and gait patterns in infants with Down syndrome . Two cohorts of participants were included to investigate the effects of different treadmill interventions on walking onset and gait patterns in infants with Down syndrome ( DS ) . The first cohort included 30 infants with DS ( 17 males , 13 females ; mean age 10 mo [ SD 1.9 mo ] ) who were randomly assigned to either a lower-intensity-generalized ( LG ) training group , or a higher-intensity-individualized ( HI ) training group . A control ( C ) group from another study , who did not receive treadmill training , served as the control ( eight males , seven females ; mean age 10.4 mo [ SD 2.2 mo ] ) . Mean age at walking onset was 19.2 , 21.4 , and 23.9 months for the HI , LG , and C groups respectively . At walking onset the HI group was significantly younger than the C group ( p=0.011 ) . At the gait follow-up that was conducted between 1 and 3 months after walking onset , three groups significantly different in overall gait patterns ( p=0.037 ) were examined by six basic gait parameters including average velocity , stride length , step width , stride time , stance time , and dynamic base . Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that stride length was the gait parameter largely contributing to this overall group difference ( p=0.033 ) , and the HI group produced a significantly longer stride length than the C group ( p=0.030 ) . In conclusion , the HI treadmill intervention significantly promoted earlier walking onset and elicited more advanced gait patterns ( particularly in stride length ) in infants with DS ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1651 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33427", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "treadmill interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33428", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "treadmill interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33429", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "lower-intensity-generalized ( LG ) training group" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33430", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "higher-intensity-individualized ( HI ) training group" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33431", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control ( C )" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33432", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "not receive treadmill training" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33433", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "walking onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33434", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gait patterns" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33435", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "walking onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33436", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gait patterns" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33437", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean age at walking onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33438", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "walking onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33439", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "average velocity , stride length , step width , stride time , stance time , and dynamic base" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33440", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stride length" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33441", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stride length" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33442", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "walking onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33443", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gait patterns" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33444", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33445", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Down syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33446", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33447", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Down syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33448", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "DS" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33449", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33450", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33451", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "DS" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33452", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "17" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33453", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33454", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "13" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33455", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33456", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "10 mo" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33457", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "control ( C ) group" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33458", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33459", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33460", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33461", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33462", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "10.4 mo" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33463", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33464", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "DS" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33466", "type": "document", "text": [ "Home blood pressure monitoring : advantages and limitations . Home blood pressure monitoring is a useful tool for clinical management of patients with hypertension . Its major advantages are the ease with which the techniques can be learned , reproducibility of values , sensitivity of measurement and availability of normotensive data . In spite of the ability to tell whether a subject has normal or abnormal values , because of the lack of prospective mortality/morbidity data , home blood pressure monitoring can not be used to decide whether treatment is indicated . The treatment decision must be based on repeated clinic blood pressure readings . After that the home blood pressure monitoring can be used to exclude individuals who are at risk for side effects due to low out-of-office blood pressure readings and to precisely monitor the blood pressure response to therapy . Home blood pressure monitoring is frequently used to find subjects with 'white-coat ' hypertension . In our study of borderline hypertension in Tecumseh , white-coat hypertension is present in 7.1 % of the whole population and in 58 % of all subjects with elevated blood pressures in the clinic . Subjects with white-coat hypertension in Tecumseh appear to be at an increased risk for coronary heart disease : they show repeated elevated clinic readings throughout their life time , their parents have higher blood pressure , their high-density lipoprotein is decreased and insulin , cholesterol and triglycerides are elevated . Whereas subjects with white-coat hypertension should not be treated with antihypertensive agents , they must be followed and managed through non-pharmacologic means ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1678 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33467", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Home blood pressure monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33468", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Home blood pressure monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33469", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "home blood pressure monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 512 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33470", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "clinic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33471", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "home blood pressure monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 512 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33472", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Home blood pressure monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33473", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "non-pharmacologic means" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33474", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33475", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical management" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33476", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinic blood pressure readings" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33477", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33479", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure response" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33480", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "'white-coat ' hypertension ." ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33481", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33482", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "coronary heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33483", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinic readings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1321, 1336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33484", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33485", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33486", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1457, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33487", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33488", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglycerides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33489", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33490", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "borderline hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33492", "type": "document", "text": [ "The value-congruence model of memory for emotional experiences : an explanation for cultural differences in emotional self-reports . In 3 studies , the authors found support for the value-congruence model that accounts for cultural variations in memory for emotional experiences . In Study 1 , the authors found that in the made-in-the-U.S. scenario condition , European Americans were more accurate than were Asian Americans in their retrospective frequency judgments of emotions . However , in the made-in-Japan scenario condition , European Americans were less accurate than were Asian Americans . In Study 2 , the authors demonstrated that value orientation mediates the CulturexType of Event congruence effect . In Study 3 ( a daily event sampling study ) , the authors showed that the congruence effect was explained by the importance of parental approval . In sum , emotional events congruent with personal values remain in memory longer and influence retrospective frequency judgments of emotion more than do incongruent events ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1037 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33493", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "made-in-the-U.S. scenario" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33494", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "made-in-Japan scenario" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33495", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "daily event sampling study" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33496", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "memory for emotional experiences" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33497", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "memory for emotional experiences" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33498", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "retrospective frequency judgments of emotions" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33499", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CulturexType of Event congruence effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33500", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "congruence effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33501", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "personal values" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33502", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "retrospective frequency judgments of emotion" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33503", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cultural differences in emotional self-reports ." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33505", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of resistance versus endurance training on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index . PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance and endurance training on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index ( SI ) in healthy men . METHODS Twenty-four healthy males ( age , 35-48 years ) participated in the study . The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups : endurance training group ( n=8 ) , resistance training group ( n=8 ) and control group ( n=8 ) . Blood samples were taken in fasting state from all subjects . The experimental groups performed either endurance or resistance training 3 days a week for 12 weeks . The endurance training programme included continuous running at an intensity corresponding to 75-85 % of maximal heart rate , while resistance training consisted of four sets of circuit weight training for 11 stations and at an intensity corresponding to 50-60 % of one-repetition maximum . The maximum numbers of repetitions in each station was 12 . RESULTS There were significant negative correlations between serum adiponectin and body fat percentage , waist-to-hip ratio , body mass index and the insulin resistance index at baseline , whereas changes in response to training were not significantly correlated . Both endurance and resistance training resulted in a significant decrease in the SI in comparison with the control group . However , serum adiponectin did not change significantly in response to resistance and endurance training . CONCLUSION Endurance and resistance training caused an improvement in insulin resistance in healthy men , but this improvement was not accompanied by increased adiponectin levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1717 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33506", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance versus endurance training" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33507", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance and endurance training" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33508", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "endurance training" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33509", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "group ( n=8 ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33510", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance training" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33511", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "group ( n=8 ) and" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33512", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33513", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "group ( n=8 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33514", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "endurance" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33515", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance training" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33516", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "endurance training programme" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33517", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance training" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33518", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index ." ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33519", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index ( SI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33520", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33521", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum adiponectin and body fat percentage , waist-to-hip ratio , body mass index and the insulin resistance index at baseline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33522", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SI" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33523", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum adiponectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33524", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33525", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33526", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "Twenty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33527", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33528", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age , 35-48 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33529", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33530", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33532", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in Canada : a long-term analysis based on the CURE trial . BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases account for nearly 20 % of all hospitalizations in Canada and consume 12 % of the total cost of all illnesses . With increasing trends of cardiovascular disease and increasing costs of care , development of cost-effective strategies is vital . The Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events ( CURE ) trial demonstrated the effectiveness of clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ) compared with ASA alone in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes and , in addition , patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in CURE ( PCI-CURE ) trial . OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel in the Canadian health care system . METHODS Estimates of hospitalization costs were based on the 2003 cost schedules released by the Health Funding and Costing Branch of the Alberta Health and Wellness , as well as on the Case Mix Group classification system . Life expectancy beyond the trial was estimated from the Saskatchewan Health Database . Cost-effectiveness was expressed as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio , and bootstrap methods were used to estimate the joint distribution of costs and effectiveness . RESULTS Clopidogrel was shown to be cost-effective , with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios less than $ 10,000 per event prevented and less than $ 4,000 per life-year gained . The probability of clopidogrel resulting in cost per life-year gained of less than $ 20,000 was 0.975 for CURE patients and 0.904 for PCI-CURE patients . CONCLUSIONS The economic analysis demonstrated that clopidogrel combination therapy is not only cost-effective as antiplatelet therapy compared with ASA alone , but it is also cost-effective compared with other commonly used and openly reimbursed cardiovascular therapies in the Canadian health care system ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2028 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33533", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33534", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33535", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel plus acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33536", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ASA alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33537", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33538", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clopidogrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33539", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clopidogrel combination therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1772, 1803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33540", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33541", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost-effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33542", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost-effectiveness ratios" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33543", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "gained ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33544", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost per life-year gained" ], "offsets": [ [ 1610, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33545", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute coronary syndromes" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33546", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 732 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33548", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intra-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery . A prospective , randomized , controlled study on cefotiam . In this prospective , randomized and controlled study the effect of cefotiam for the prevention of wound infections following trepanations was investigated . The main interest was centered on the rate of post-operative bone flap infections requiring operative revision . Administration of cefotiam was randomized for patients undergoing major craniotomies . The antibiotic was administered intravenously in a single dose of 2 g with induction of anaesthesia . Only clean or clean contaminated cases were included . Excluded were contaminated cases , operations with a transnasal-transsphenoidal approach , shunt-operations and patients with any other preoperative infection or antibiotic therapy . Outpatients were excluded due to difficulties in obtaining sufficient clinical information . From originally 918 consecutive patients operated on 711 fulfilled the entry criteria . With regard to age , sex , diagnosis and the site of te trepanation , control patients ( n = 355 ) and cefotiam treated patients ( n = 356 ) were shown to be comparable . In the various subgroups formed for different primary diagnoses , concomitant steroidal therapy and concomitant severe internal medical diseases cefotiam treated patients and controls were comparable as well . A highly significant difference for bone flap infection could be shown with 0.3 % in the cefotiam group versus 5.1 % in the control group ( p less than 0.001 ) . The overall rate of post-operative deep wound infections including meningitis and abscesses was also significantly ( p less than 0.005 ) different with 3.1 % in the cefotiam versus 9.0 % in the control group . Thus it was concluded that a single dose of cefotiam significantly reduces post-operative deep wound infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1861 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33549", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33550", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefotiam" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33551", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefotiam" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33552", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33553", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33554", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33555", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1082 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33556", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concomitant steroidal therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33557", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefotiam" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33558", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone flap infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33559", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "overall rate of post-operative deep wound infections including meningitis and abscesses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1543, 1630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33560", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "post-operative deep wound infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1559, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33561", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "918" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33562", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "711" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33563", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "355" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33564", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "356" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33566", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized study of chlorambucil ( CB ) compared to interferon ( alfa-2b ) combined with CB in low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma : an interim report of a randomized study . Non-Hodgkin 's Lymphoma Cooperative Study Group . Alpha interferon has shown initial promise in the treatment of low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( NHL ) , especially with the nodular form of the disease . The present study enrolled 70 NHL patients who received either chlorambucil ( CB ; 10 mg/day ) or CB plus interferon alfa-2b ( 5 million units ( MU ) /m2 subcutaneously three times a week ) . Among 63 evaluable patients , similar response rates ( 62.1 % and 64.7 % respectively ) were recorded for the treatment arms . In patients receiving no maintenance therapy , those who received interferon alfa-2b during the induction phase showed a favourable trend in terms of incidence of relapse compared to those who had received chlorambucil alone . During maintenance therapy with interferon alfa-2b , no significant differences in the occurrence of relapse have yet been seen compared to patients on no maintenance therapy . A longer observation period is needed to make a definitive conclusion about the usefulness of interferon maintenance therapy and to evaluate further the effects of the combined schedule of chlorambucil and interferon induction on the duration of remission ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1360 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33567", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorambucil" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33568", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33569", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CB" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33570", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Alpha interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33571", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorambucil" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33572", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CB plus interferon alfa-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33573", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon alfa-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33574", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "interferon maintenance therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33575", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorambucil" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33576", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33577", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33578", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occurrence of relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33579", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33580", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Non-Hodgkin 's Lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33581", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "70" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33582", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "63" ], "offsets": [ [ 578, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33583", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "no maintenance therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33584", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "no maintenance therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33586", "type": "document", "text": [ "A prospective randomized treatment study comparing three treatment options for chalazia : triamcinolone acetonide injections , incision and curettage and treatment with hot compresses . BACKGROUND Three methods of treating chalazia were compared : intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections ( 0.2 mL of 10 mg/mL ) , incision and curettage and advice regarding the application of hot compresses to the affected eyelid . METHODS This was a single centre randomized treatment study . Patients with a chalazion underwent either of the three treatment options . Chalazion resolution , pain , satisfaction and inconvenience experienced because of treatments were the outcomes assessed via a telephone interview at 3 weeks . RESULTS 136 consecutive patients were enrolled into the study . At the 3-week follow up , the resolution rates in the triamcinolone acetonide injection and surgical treatment groups were not significantly different from each other at 84 % ( 47/56 ) and 87 % ( 39/45 ) , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) , but was significantly lower in the conservative treatment group at 46 % ( 16/35 ) ( P < 0.001 ) . Pain scores were higher in the surgical treatment group compared with the triamcinolone injection group ( P < 0.003 ) . Inconvenience experienced by patients was reported as significantly less in the triamcinolone group compared with the conservative and surgical treatment groups ( P < 0.001 ) . Patient satisfaction scores were lower in the conservative treatment group compared with each of the other two groups which in turn , were no different from each other regarding this outcome ( P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge , this is the first prospective randomized study comparing the three methods of chalazia treatment . Results suggest that a single triamcinolone acetonide injection followed by lid massage is almost as effective as incision and curettage in the treatment of chalazia and with similar patient satisfaction and less pain and patient inconvenience ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2000 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33587", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone acetonide injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33588", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "incision" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33589", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "curettage" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33590", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hot compresses" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33591", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "incision and curettage" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33592", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hot compresses" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33593", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "assessed via a telephone interview at 3 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33594", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone acetonide" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33595", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone acetonide" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33596", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Chalazion resolution" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33597", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33598", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33599", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "inconvenience experienced because of treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 610, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33600", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resolution rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33601", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33602", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Inconvenience experienced by patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33603", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Patient satisfaction scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33604", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1938, 1958 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33605", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33606", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "patient inconvenience" ], "offsets": [ [ 1977, 1998 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33608", "type": "document", "text": [ "Short-course nitrofurantoin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women . BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the efficacy of nitrofurantoin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in regimens shorter than 7 days . Evidence-based use of this drug is increasingly important as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among uropathogens increases . METHODS To assess the efficacy of nitrofurantoin vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , 338 women aged 18 to 45 years with acute uncomplicated cystitis were randomized to open-label treatment with either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , 1 double-strength tablet twice daily for 3 days , or nitrofurantoin , 100 mg twice daily for 5 days . Clinical cure 30 days after therapy was the main outcome measure . Secondary outcomes included clinical and microbiological cure rates 5 to 9 days after therapy and , for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-treated women , clinical cure stratified by the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility of the uropathogen . RESULTS Clinical cure was achieved in 79 % of the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group and in 84 % of the nitrofurantoin group , for a difference of -5 % ( 95 % confidence interval , -13 % to 4 % ) . Clinical and microbiological cure rates at the first follow-up visit were also equivalent between the 2 groups . In the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole arm , 7 of 17 women ( 41 % ) with a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-nonsusceptible isolate had a clinical cure compared with 84 % of women with a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-susceptible isolate ( P < .001 ) . CONCLUSION A 5-day course of nitrofurantoin is equivalent clinically and microbiologically to a 3-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and should be considered an effective fluoroquinolone-sparing alternative for the treatment of acute cystitis in women ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1847 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33609", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitrofurantoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33610", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitrofurantoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33611", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33612", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitrofurantoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33613", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33614", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33615", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitrofurantoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33616", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33617", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33618", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical cure 30 days after therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical and microbiological cure rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 929, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33623", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical and microbiological cure rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33624", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute uncomplicated cystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33625", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33626", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "338" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33627", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33628", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 18 to 45 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33629", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute uncomplicated cystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33630", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute cystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1822, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33631", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33633", "type": "document", "text": [ "Obesity and mortality in men with locally advanced prostate cancer : analysis of RTOG 85-31 . BACKGROUND Greater body mass index ( BMI ) is associated with shorter time to prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) failure following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy ( RT ) . Whether BMI is associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality ( PCSM ) was investigated in a large randomized trial of men treated with RT and androgen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) for locally advanced prostate cancer . METHODS Between 1987 and 1992 , 945 eligible men with locally advanced prostate cancer were enrolled in a phase 3 trial ( RTOG 85-31 ) and randomized to RT and immediate goserelin or RT alone followed by goserelin at recurrence . Height and weight data were available at baseline for 788 ( 83 % ) subjects . Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relations between BMI and all-cause mortality , PCSM , and nonprostate cancer mortality . Covariates included age , race , treatment arm , history of prostatectomy , nodal involvement , Gleason score , clinical stage , and BMI . RESULTS The 5-year PCSM rate for men with BMI < 25 kg/m ( 2 ) was 6.5 % , compared with 13.1 % and 12.2 % in men with BMI > or =25 to < 30 and BMI > or =30 , respectively ( Gray 's P = .005 ) . In multivariate analyses , greater BMI was significantly associated with higher PCSM ( for BMI > or =25 to < 30 , hazard ratio [ HR ] 1.52 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.02-2.27 , P = .04 ; for BMI > or =30 , HR 1.64 , 95 % CI , 1.01-2.66 , P = .04 ) . BMI was not associated with nonprostate cancer or all-cause mortality . CONCLUSIONS Greater baseline BMI is independently associated with higher PCSM in men with locally advanced prostate cancer . Further studies are warranted to evaluate the mechanism ( s ) for increased cancer-specific mortality and to assess whether weight loss after prostate cancer diagnosis alters disease course ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1934 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33634", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "radical prostatectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RT and androgen deprivation therapy ( ADT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33637", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RT and immediate goserelin" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33638", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RT alone followed by goserelin" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body mass index ( BMI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33640", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33641", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33642", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "PCSM" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33643", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "nonprostate cancer mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33644", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "5-year PCSM rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33645", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33646", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "higher PCSM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33647", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33648", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "nonprostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33649", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "all-cause mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33650", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "baseline BMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33651", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "PCSM" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33652", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cancer-specific mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1867, 1878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33654", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "locally advanced prostate cancer :" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33655", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33656", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "androgen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) for" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33658", "type": "document", "text": [ "A systems analysis of obstetric triage . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine some of the variables involved in obstetric triage in an effort to develop a more efficient patient care delivery system in a high-volume obstetric unit . An efficient triage system is essential to a busy labor and delivery unit for the evaluation of unscheduled patient visits . In hospitals that lack an efficient obstetric triage system , it is very difficult to regulate patient flow and wait times . METHOD The study was designed to determine whether a triage room and/or standing orders decreased length of stay as compared to the existing system of evaluating women in labor rooms . In 2 separate phases , women who met triage criteria were randomly assigned to either the triage room or the standard care labor room . During phase 1 , the effect of room assignment was evaluated . During phase 2 , the effect of room assignment and the intervention of standing orders in common obstetric problems were utilized . The total sample size was 398 patients . The study took place on a midsize labor and delivery unit , in an academic medical center averaging 3600 births per year . RESULTS Results showed that using a triage room and/or standing orders did not significantly decrease length of stay . CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the triage process in this setting is strongly dependent on the provider 's availability to assess , triage , and discharge patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1479 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33659", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "standing orders in common obstetric problems" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33660", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33661", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33662", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obstetric triage" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33663", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "women in labor rooms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33664", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women who met triage criteria" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33666", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone and haloperidol in children and adolescents with autistic disorder . An open label maintenance study . BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate safety , efficacy and tolerability of risperidone in comparison with haloperidol in the long-term treatment of autistic disorder . METHODS This was an open-label continuation study of the randomized , double-blind , controlled trial of risperidone and haloperidol study for 12 week in autistic children and adolescents . A total of 28 subjects between 8 and 18 ages with autistic disorder were enrolled to the open label phase of the study . Behavioral rating scales ( Clinical Global Impression Scale [ CGI-I ] , Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale [ RF-RLRS ] ) , Aberrant Behavior Checklist [ ABC ] , Turgay DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder Rating Scale [ TPDDRS ] ) and safety assessment scales ( Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale [ ESRS ] , UKU-Side Effect Rating Scale ) were performed at 12 , 16 , 20 and 24 weeks , following the 12 week double-blind phase . Risperidone and haloperidol treatments were applied with a once daily dosage regimen as 0.01-0.08 mg/kg/day . RESULTS Risperidone led to a significant greater reduction on CGI scale . There was significant improvement on RF-RLRS sensory motor and language subscale and ABC scores in risperidone group . Weight gain was observed more frequently in the haloperidol group at week 24 . CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that risperidone is more efficacious and well tolerated than haloperidol in the long-term maintenance treatment of autistic disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1644 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33667", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33668", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33669", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33670", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33671", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33672", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33673", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33674", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33675", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "long-term efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33676", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety , efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33677", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Behavioral rating scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33678", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impression Scale [ CGI-I ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33679", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale [ RF-RLRS ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33680", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist [ ABC ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33681", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Turgay DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33682", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33683", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CGI scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1262, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33684", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "RF-RLRS sensory motor and language subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33685", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "ABC scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33686", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33687", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33688", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33689", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33690", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33691", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33692", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33693", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33694", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28 subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33695", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "8 and 18 ages" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33696", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33698", "type": "document", "text": [ "Several indicators of oxidative stress , immunity , and illness improved in trained men consuming an encapsulated juice powder concentrate for 28 weeks . Phytonutrients from plant foods provide numerous antioxidants . We hypothesized that supplementation for 28 wk with a commercially available encapsulated juice powder concentrate ( JPC ) could influence indicators of oxidative stress , immunity , and illness . Trained men ( n = 41 ; 34 +/- 5 y ; maximum oxygen uptake = 55 +/- 7 mL x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ) from a homogenous police Special Forces unit were randomly assigned in a double blind manner to either JPC ( n = 21 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) . We used multiple 7-d food records to assess dietary intake and found inadequate mean daily fruit and vegetable consumption ( 3.2 +/- 1.2 servings ) . The group physician documented all duty days lost due to illness . We collected plasma at baseline and study wk 4 , 8 , 16 , and 28 for analysis of carbonyl groups on protein ( CP ) and TNFalpha . Over the 28-wk investigation , CP was lower in the JPC group , with both a treatment and a time x treatment interaction ( P < 0.05 ) . Concentrations of both CP and TNFalpha at 16 and 28 wk were lower in the JPC than in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . TNFalpha increased during the first 8 wk followed by a decrease in both groups for the following 20 wk ( P < 0.001 ) . Over the final 20 wk of the study , the placebo group tended to have more days of illness than the JPC group ( P = 0.068 ) . These data suggest beneficial JPC effects with regard to reduction of duty days lost due to illness and reduction of CP and TNFalpha concentrations in this group of trained men over 28 wk ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1690 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "encapsulated juice powder concentrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Phytonutrients from plant foods" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "commercially available encapsulated juice powder concentrate ( JPC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33702", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "JPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33703", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "or placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33704", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "JPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33705", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "JPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33706", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33707", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33708", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "JPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33709", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "JPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33710", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "indicators of oxidative stress , immunity , and illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33711", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "oxidative stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33712", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "immunity" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33713", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33714", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33715", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "carbonyl groups on" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33716", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protein ( CP ) and TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33717", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 985 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33718", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 985 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33719", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33720", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33722", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 985 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TNFalpha concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1625, 1648 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33726", "type": "document", "text": [ "Results of a phase III , 8-week , multicenter , prospective , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group clinical trial to assess the effects of amlodipine camsylate versus amlodipine besylate in Korean adults with mild to moderate hypertension . BACKGROUND Amlodipine besylate has been used in Korea for the treatment of hypertension for > 17 years , with well-established efficacy and tolerability . Amlodipine camsylate is a newer formulation developed for generic use . It has been assessed in terms of physical stability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and been found to be effective in lowering blood pressure in preclinical and Phase I and II trials . However , to date , no studies have compared the clinical effectiveness of amlodipine camsylate and amlodipine besylate in treating hypertension . OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of amlodipine camsylate compared with amlodipine besylate in Korean patients with mild to moderate hypertension . METHODS This Phase III , 8-week , prospective , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group study was conducted in 13 cardiology centers across the Republic of Korea . Male and female Korean patients aged 18 to 75 years having uncomplicated , mild to moderate , essential hypertension ( sitting diastolic blood pressure [ SiDBP ] 90- < 110 mm Hg ) and receiving no antihypertensives in the 2 weeks before randomization were eligible . Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral treatment with amlodipine camsylate or amlodipine besylate . For the first 4 weeks , patients received amlodipine 5 mg QD ( morning ) . After 4 weeks , if either blood pressure was > or =140/ > or =90 mm Hg or SiDBP had not decreased by > or =10 mm Hg from baseline , the dose of amlodipine was increased to 10 mg QD for 4 weeks . Trough blood pressure and heart rate were measured in duplicate with the patient in the sitting position at each clinic visit ( baseline [ week 0 ] and weeks 4 and 8 of treatment ) ; mean values were calculated and recorded . At weeks 4 and 8 , tolerability was assessed using history taking and laboratory analysis , and compliance was assessed using pill counts . The primary end point was change from baseline in SiDBP at week 8 . Secondary end points were change from baseline in sitting systolic blood pressure ( SiSBP ) at week 8 in the total population and in the subgroup of patients who had previously received antihypertensive treatment versus those who had not . RESULTS A total of 189 patients were enrolled ( mean age , 53 years ; 105 women , 84 men ; mean body weight , 65.8 kg ) . One patient in the amlodipine camsylate group dropped out of the study at week 0 of treatment ( this patient did not use any study medication ) and was excluded from the modified intent-to-treat ( ITT ) analysis . Thus , 188 patients were treated and included in the ITT analysis ( 94 patients per treatment group ; ITT analysis ) ; 161 patients were included in the perprotocol ( PP ) analysis ( n = 80 for amlodipine camsylate , n = 81 for amlodipine besylate ) ( 14 patients in the amlodipine camsylate group and 13 patients in the amlodipine besylate group were excluded from the PP analysis due to consistent withdrawal or protocol violation ) . Mean ( SD ) SiSBP and SiDBP were significantly decreased from baseline in both groups ( amlodipine camsylate , from 146.7 [ 12.3 ] /96.6 [ 5.4 ] to 127.9 [ 14.8 ] /83.4 [ 7.7 ] mm Hg [ both , P < 0.001 ] ; amlodipine besylate , from 146.8 [ 12.8 ] /96.7 [ 5.1 ] to 128.0 [ 10.1 ] /83.8 [ 7.5 ] mm Hg [ both , P < 0.001 ] ) . The differences in SiSBP/SiDBP between the 2 groups at week 8 were not significant . The SiDBP response rates in the subgroups that had and had not been previously treated with antihypertensives were statistically similar ( 56/69 [ 81.2 % ] and 83/92 [ 90.2 % ] , respectively ) . The prevalences of clinical adverse events ( AEs ) were not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups ( amlodipine camsylate , 27.3 % ; amlodipine besylate , 28.7 % ) . The most common AEs were dizziness and dyspnea ( both in 3/94 [ 3.2 % ] and 1/94 [ 1.1 % ] patients who received amlodipine camsylate and amlodipine besylate , respectively ) . CONCLUSION The effectiveness and tolerability of amlodipine camsylate were not significantly different from those of amlodipine besylate in these Korean adults with mild to moderate hypertension ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4442 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33727", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33728", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33729", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33730", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33731", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33732", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33733", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33734", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33736", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33737", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine 5 mg QD ( morning )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1606, 1636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33738", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dose of amlodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate )" ], "offsets": [ [ 3072, 3093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine camsylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amlodipine besylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33745", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33746", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Trough blood pressure and heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1834, 1870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33748", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SiDBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33750", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sitting systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2318, 2349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33751", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean ( SD ) SiSBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 3281, 3298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33752", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SiDBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SiSBP/SiDBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 3625, 3636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SiDBP response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 3695, 3715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33755", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "clinical adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 3906, 3929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33756", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "dizziness and dyspnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 4094, 4115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33757", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33758", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33759", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33760", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "13" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33761", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "Male" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33762", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33763", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 18 to 75" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33764", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33765", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "189" ], "offsets": [ [ 2527, 2530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33766", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age , 53 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 2556, 2575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33767", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "105" ], "offsets": [ [ 2578, 2581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33768", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 2582, 2587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33769", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "84" ], "offsets": [ [ 2590, 2592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33770", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33771", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "188" ], "offsets": [ [ 2851, 2854 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33772", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33773", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33775", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intensive insulin therapy improves endothelial function and microvascular reactivity in young people with type 1 diabetes . AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Macrovascular disease is an important cause of the increased morbidity and mortality rates associated with type 1 diabetes , and this vascular impairment begins in childhood . The aim of this study was to determine whether introducing intensive diabetes management [ intensive insulin therapy ( IIT ) and 'Sweet Talk ' text-messaging support ] produces measurable improvements in endothelial function . METHODS One hundred and twenty-six patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria ( type 1 diabetes for > 1 year ; on conventional insulin therapy ( CIT ) ; aged between 8 and 18 years ) , of whom 92 enrolled . Patients were randomised to group 1 , CIT only ( n=28 ) ; group 2 , CIT and Sweet Talk ( n=33 ) ; or group 3 , IIT and Sweet Talk ( n=31 ) . Vascular assessments ( including measures of endothelial damage , activation , dysfunction and oxidative stress ) and HbA1c were performed at baseline and repeated after 12 months of the study . RESULTS Glycaemic control deteriorated in patients on CIT , but improved significantly in patients allocated to IIT ( p=0.007 ) . IIT was associated with significantly greater improvements in E-selectin ( p < 0.0001 ) than CIT ( group 1 , p=0.026 and group 2 , p=0.053 ) . Vascular responses to acetylcholine improved in patients on IIT ( p=0.017 ) , but not in patients receiving CIT . These changes were all independent of HbA1c level . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION IIT appears to be associated with improvements in vascular markers , independently of changes in HbA1c , suggesting that IIT may confer vascular protection in addition to improving glycaemic control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1753 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33776", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Intensive insulin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33777", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intensive diabetes management [ intensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33778", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "'Sweet Talk ' text-messaging support ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33779", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "conventional insulin therapy ( CIT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33780", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CIT" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33781", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "only ( n=28 ) ; group 2 ," ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33782", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CIT and Sweet" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33783", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Talk ( n=33 ) ; or group 3 , IIT and Sweet Talk ( n=31 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 889 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33784", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endothelial function" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33785", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endothelial function" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33786", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Vascular assessments ( including measures of endothelial damage , activation , dysfunction and oxidative stress )" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33787", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HbA1c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33788", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Glycaemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33789", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "E-selectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33790", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Vascular responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33791", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vascular markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1603, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33792", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycaemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33793", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young people" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33794", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 1 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33795", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred and twenty-six patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33796", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged between 8 and 18 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33798", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of a ferrule and increased clinical crown length on the in vitro fracture resistance of premolars restored using two dowel-and-core systems . This study investigated the effect of a crown-lengthening ferrule on the fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth restored with two dowel-core systems . Thirty-two extracted mandibular first premolars were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at a point 1.0 mm occlusal to the buccal cementoenamel junction . Following endodontic treatment , the teeth were randomly assigned to four groups : cast Ni-Cr alloy dowel-core with no ferrule ( Group A1 ) , cast Ni-Cr alloy dowel-core with 2.0 mm ferrule ( Group A2 ) , prefabricated carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core with no ferrule ( Group B1 ) and carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core with 2.0 mm ferrule ( Group B2 ) . Each specimen was embedded in a self-cured acrylic resin block from 2.0 mm apical to the margins of a cast Ni-Cr alloy crown , then loaded at 150 degrees from the long axis in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute until fracture . The data were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher 's exact tests , with alpha = 0.05 . Mean failure loads ( kN ) for the A1 , A2 , B1 and B2 Groups were : 1.46 ( S.D . 0.45 ) , 1.07 ( 0.21 ) , 1.13 ( 0.30 ) and 1.02 ( 0.27 ) . The teeth restored with cast Ni-Cr dowel-cores and 2.0 mm ferrules demonstrated significantly lower fracture strengths , p = 0.04 . There were significant differences in the root fracture patterns between the two dowel systems , with the carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core system , being the less severe p < 0.05 . Crown lengthening with a 2.0 mm apical extended ferrule resulted in reduced fracture strengths for endodontically-treated teeth restored using two dowel-core systems and cast metal crowns . The carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core system reduced the severity of the root fractures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1944 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ferrule" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "crown-lengthening ferrule" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33801", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cast Ni-Cr alloy dowel-core with no ferrule ( Group A1 ) , cast Ni-Cr alloy dowel-core with 2.0 mm ferrule ( Group A2 ) , prefabricated carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core with no ferrule ( Group B1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33802", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core with 2.0 mm ferrule" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33803", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cast Ni-Cr dowel-cores and 2.0 mm ferrules" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33804", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core system" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33805", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2.0 mm apical extended ferrule" ], "offsets": [ [ 1683, 1713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33806", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ANOVA and Fisher 's exact tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33807", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean failure loads" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33808", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fracture strengths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "root fracture patterns" ], "offsets": [ [ 1511, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33810", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fracture strengths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33811", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33812", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "root fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1928, 1942 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33814", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effectiveness of cetrorelix for the prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surge during controlled ovarian stimulation using letrozole and gonadotropins : a randomized trial . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a GnRH antagonist in preventing premature LH surge under a letrozole and gonadotropin protocol . DESIGN Prospective , randomized clinical trial . SETTING A teaching hospital and tertiary medical center . PATIENT ( S ) Sixty-one patients were randomly assigned into two letrozole and gonadotropin-treated groups . These were distinguished by the absence ( group I ) or presence ( group II ) of supplementation with 0.25 mg of cetrorelix . INTERVENTION ( S ) Controlled ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins , cetrorelix and intrauterine insemination . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) Rate of premature LH surge . RESULT ( S ) Compared with group I , the rate of premature LH surge was statistically significantly lower for group II ( 43.4 % [ 13/30 ] vs. 19.4 % [ 6/31 ] ) , but the amount of gonadotropins used was statistically significantly higher ( 817.5 +/- 28.5 vs. 907.5 +/- 27.3 IU ) . Patients with premature LH surge had a statistically significantly lower pregnancy rate ( 21.4 % [ 9/42 ] vs. 0 [ 0/18 ] ) relative to their unaffected counterparts . CONCLUSION ( S ) A flexible protocol of 0.25 mg of cetrorelix for IUI cycles appears to suppress the rate of premature LH surge during ovarian stimulation with letrozole and gonadotropins . However , the incidence of premature LH surge remains too high , and modification will be necessary before the application of cetrorelix to IVF treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1639 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33815", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetrorelix" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33816", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two letrozole and gonadotropin-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33817", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "absence ( group I ) or presence ( group II ) of supplementation with 0.25 mg of cetrorelix" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33818", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "letrozole and gonadotropins , cetrorelix" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33819", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetrorelix" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33820", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "premature luteinizing hormone surge" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33821", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "premature LH surge" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33822", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Rate of premature LH surge ." ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33823", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of premature LH surge" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33824", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "amount of gonadotropins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33825", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "premature LH surge" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33826", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pregnancy rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33827", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "premature LH surge" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33828", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "premature LH surge" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33829", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33831", "type": "document", "text": [ "Leucine-enriched essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise enhances mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in human muscle . We recently showed that resistance exercise and ingestion of essential amino acids with carbohydrate ( EAA+CHO ) can independently stimulate mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) signaling and muscle protein synthesis in humans . Providing an EAA+CHO solution postexercise can further increase muscle protein synthesis . Therefore , we hypothesized that enhanced mTOR signaling might be responsible for the greater muscle protein synthesis when leucine-enriched EAA+CHOs are ingested during postexercise recovery . Sixteen male subjects were randomized to one of two groups ( control or EAA+CHO ) . The EAA+CHO group ingested the nutrient solution 1 h after resistance exercise . mTOR signaling was assessed by immunoblotting from repeated muscle biopsy samples . Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate ( FSR ) was measured using stable isotope techniques . Muscle protein synthesis and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation during exercise were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ) . Postexercise FSR was elevated above baseline in both groups at 1 h but was even further elevated in the EAA+CHO group at 2 h postexercise ( P < 0.05 ) . Increased FSR was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR and S6K1 ( P < 0.05 ) . Akt phosphorylation was elevated at 1 h and returned to baseline by 2 h in the control group , but it remained elevated in the EAA+CHO group ( P < 0.05 ) . 4E-BP1 phosphorylation returned to baseline during recovery in control but became elevated when EAA+CHO was ingested ( P < 0.05 ) . eEF2 phosphorylation decreased at 1 and 2 h postexercise to a similar extent in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Our data suggest that enhanced activation of the mTOR signaling pathway is playing a role in the greater synthesis of muscle proteins when resistance exercise is followed by EAA+CHO ingestion ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1960 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33832", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "essential amino acids with carbohydrate ( EAA+CHO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33833", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33834", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EAA+CHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33835", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EAA+CHO group" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33836", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nutrient solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33837", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "resistance exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33838", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "immunoblotting from repeated muscle biopsy samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33839", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mTOR signaling" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33840", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate ( FSR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33841", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Muscle protein synthesis and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Postexercise FSR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33843", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Increased FSR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33844", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Akt phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33845", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "4E-BP1 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33846", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "eEF2 phosphorylation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1660, 1680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33847", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33848", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 687 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33850", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of two sedation techniques in patients undergoing surgical procedures under regional anaesthesia . OBJECTIVE Intraoperative comfort and patient satisfaction during surgical procedures under regional anaesthesia can be improved with the use of supplemental intravenous sedation . The authors conducted a study to compare two sedation techniques for surgical procedures performed under regional anaesthesia , i.e. , midazolam and pethidine combination compared with midazolam and tramadol combination . METHODS Forty adult American Society of Anaesthesiologists ( ASA ) grade 1-111 patients , aged between 40-65 years undergoing surgery under regional anaesthesia ( sub-arachnoid block ) were included . The patients were randomly divided into two groups . All patients received standardized premedication , intraoperative monitoring and oxygen therapy . Group A patients received midazolam 0.03 mg/kg followed by pethidine 20 mg intravenously , and group B patients received midazolam 0.03 mg/kg followed by tramadol 20 mg intravenously after the institution of regional anaesthesia . Monitoring included ECG , blood pressure , respiratory rate , oxygen saturation and sedation score . Complications , if any , were recorded . Monitoring was continued during the recovery room stay . All patients were interviewed in the evening and time of ambulation and rating of OR experience was noted . RESULTS Data analysis showed no significant difference between pethidine and tramadol for all the haemodynamic variables ( p = > 0.05 ) . There was also no significant difference in patient 's and surgeon 's assessment of their experience . Complications and recovery characteristics also did not show any significant difference . CONCLUSION Midazolam-tramadol combination may be used as an alternative to midazolam-pethidine combination for sedation during surgical procedures performed under regional anaesthesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1918 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33851", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sedation techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33852", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pethidine combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33855", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tramadol combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam 0.03 mg/kg followed by pethidine 20 mg intravenously" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam 0.03 mg/kg followed by tramadol 20 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33858", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pethidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tramadol" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33860", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Midazolam-tramadol combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 1744, 1774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam-pethidine combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 1808, 1839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33862", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33863", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ECG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33864", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33865", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "respiratory rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33866", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oxygen saturation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33867", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sedation score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "haemodynamic variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33869", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Complications and recovery characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33870", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing surgical procedures under regional anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33871", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33872", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "40-65 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33873", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing surgery under regional anaesthesia ( sub-arachnoid block" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33875", "type": "document", "text": [ "Enhancing attitudes and intentions in prospective blood donors : evaluation of a new donor recruitment brochure . BACKGROUND Although little empiric evidence has been published concerning the efficacy of blood donor recruitment materials , research suggests that simple attempts to enhance knowledge may not be sufficient to motivate donation . In contrast , recent donor motivation studies highlight the importance of anxiety , attitudes , and perceived ability to cope with donation ( i.e. , self-efficacy ) as crucial determinants of donation intention . Therefore , recruitment materials that specifically address these constructs have the potential to outperform traditional educational brochures . STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to read one of three brochures : 1 ) a new brochure addressing common donor concerns and suggesting specific coping strategies , 2 ) a standard blood center brochure , or 3 ) a control brochure on healthy eating and exercise . Standardized questionnaires were completed before and after the brochures to assess change in blood donation anxiety , attitude , self-efficacy , and intention . RESULTS Although no significant changes were noted for the control brochure , after reading the new brochure participants reported significant improvements in attitude , anxiety , self-efficacy , and donation intention . The standard donation brochure had an intermediate effect . CONCLUSION Efforts to address common donor fears and to provide useful coping suggestions may improve the effectiveness of blood donation recruitment materials ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1596 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33876", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "donor recruitment brochure" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33877", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "blood donor recruitment materials" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33878", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "brochures" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33879", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "brochure" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33880", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "standard blood center brochure" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33881", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 4 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33882", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "control brochure on healthy eating and exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33883", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33884", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "intentions" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33885", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "motivate donation" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33886", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety , attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33887", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "perceived ability to cope with donation" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33888", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "blood donation anxiety , attitude , self-efficacy , and intention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33889", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitude , anxiety , self-efficacy , and donation intention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33890", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "blood donation recruitment materials" ], "offsets": [ [ 1558, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33891", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prospective blood donors" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33893", "type": "document", "text": [ "Transthoracic versus transesophageal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation under light sedation : a prospective randomized trial . BACKGROUND Electrical cardioversion ( ECV ) of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is limited by a 5-10 % failure rate and by the expense arising from a perceived need for general anesthesia . A transesophageal approach using light sedation has been proposed as a means of augmenting the success rate and avoiding the need for general anesthesia . We hypothesized that the high rate of success and the lower energy requirement associated with biphasic cardioversion might eliminate any advantage of the transesophageal approach . METHODS We randomly assigned 60 patients attending for ECV of persistent AF to a transesophageal or a transthoracic approach . Sedation of moderate depth was achieved with intravenous midazolam . The dose of midazolam was titrated in the same manner in both groups . RESULTS Sinus rhythm was restored in 29/30 patients ( 97 % ) in each group using a similar number of shocks for both groups ( 1.3 +/- 0.6 transesophageal vs 1.4 +/- 0.7 transthoracic , P = NS ) with a similar procedure duration ( 14.1 +/- 8.2 minutes vs 13.8 +/- 7.5 minutes , P = NS ) . Both groups received similar doses of midazolam ( 4.2 +/- 2.7 mg vs 4.4 +/- 2.8 mg , P = NS ) and both reported a similar discomfort score in ( 0.9 +/- 1.3 vs 1.1 +/- 1.8 , P = NS ) . No complication occurred in either group . CONCLUSION AF may be cardioverted safely and effectively by either a transthoracic or a transesophageal approach . The use of sedation of moderate depth renders cardioversion by either approach acceptable . As transesophageal ECV shows no clear advantage , transthoracic cardioversion should remain the approach of first choice ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1762 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33894", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Transthoracic" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33895", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transesophageal cardioversion" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33896", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transesophageal" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33897", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "transthoracic approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33898", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33899", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Sinus rhythm" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33900", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "discomfort score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33901", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33902", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safely and effectively" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1489 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33904", "type": "document", "text": [ "Short-term aerobic exercise training in obese humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus improves whole-body insulin sensitivity through gains in peripheral , not hepatic insulin sensitivity . CONTEXT Short-term aerobic exercise training can improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus ; however , the contributions of peripheral and hepatic tissues to these improvements are not known . OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effect of 7-d aerobic exercise training on peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity during isoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions . DESIGN Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups . The energy balance group consumed an isocaloric diet consisting of 50 % carbohydrate , 30 % fat , and 20 % protein for 15 d. The energy balance plus exercise group consumed a similar diet over the 15 d and performed 50-min of treadmill walking at 70 % of maximum oxygen consumption maximum during the second 7 d of the 15-d study period . Each subject underwent an initial isoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp after 1-wk dietary control and a second clamp after completing the study . SETTING The study was performed at Ohio State University 's General Clinical Research Center . PARTICIPANTS There were 18 obese , mildly diabetic humans included in the study . INTERVENTION Aerobic exercise training was performed for 7 d. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Whole-body , peripheral , and hepatic insulin sensitivity were measured . RESULTS Exercise training did not have an impact on peripheral glucose uptake or endogenous glucose production during the basal state or low-dose insulin . Likewise , it did not alter endogenous glucose production during high-dose insulin . However , 1-wk of exercise training increased both whole-body ( P < 0.05 ) and peripheral insulin sensitivity ( P < 0.0001 ) during high-dose insulin . CONCLUSION Improvements to whole body insulin sensitivity after short-term aerobic exercise training are due to gains in peripheral , not heptic insulin sensitivity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2042 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33905", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Short-term aerobic exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33906", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Short-term aerobic exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33907", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33908", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "energy balance" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33909", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "an isocaloric diet consisting of 50 % carbohydrate , 30 % fat , and 20 % protein for 15 d." ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33910", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "energy balance plus exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33911", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "similar diet over the 15 d and performed 50-min of treadmill walking at 70 % of maximum oxygen consumption maximum during the second 7 d of the 15-d study period ." ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33912", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "isoglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33913", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Aerobic exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33914", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 1491, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33915", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercise training" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33916", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "short-term aerobic exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 1940, 1967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33917", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "whole-body insulin sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33918", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Whole-body , peripheral , and hepatic insulin sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33919", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral glucose uptake or endogenous glucose production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1535, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33920", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endogenous glucose production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1564, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33921", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "whole-body ( P < 0.05 ) and peripheral insulin sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1833 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33923", "type": "document", "text": [ "Mechanical efficiency and propulsion technique after 7 weeks of low-intensity wheelchair training . BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of a 7-week low-intensity hand rim wheelchair training on the submaximal metabolic cost , mechanical efficiency and propulsion technique in able-bodied participants . METHODS Participants were randomly divided over an experimental group ( n=14 ) and a control group ( n=7 ) . The experimental group received 7 weeks wheelchair training ( 3 week ( -1 ) , 70 min ) at a low intensity ( 30 % of the heart rate reserve ) , whereas the control group did not receive training . During pre- and post-tests , submaximal exercise was performed on a stationary wheelchair ergometer at fixed levels of power output . Mechanical efficiency , oxygen uptake , heart rate , timing parameters and stroke angles were measured . Video recordings were made to determine the stroke pattern . FINDINGS Mechanical efficiency increased and metabolic cost decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group . Push time increased and cycle frequency decreased as a result of training . The stroke angle increased in the experimental group during the training period . The experimental group preferred double-looping over propulsion , while the control group mainly used single-looping over propulsion patterns during the post-test . INTERPRETATION A low-intensity , 7-week training protocol has a beneficial effect on the mechanical efficiency and metabolic cost of wheelchair propulsion in able-bodied participants . The improved mechanical efficiency seems to be the result of changes in propulsion technique that were found ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1666 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33924", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "wheelchair training" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33925", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low intensity" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33926", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33927", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "did not receive training" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33928", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mechanical efficiency and propulsion technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33929", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mechanical efficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33930", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mechanical efficiency ," ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33931", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oxygen uptake" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 777 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33932", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33933", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33934", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ ", timing parameters and" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33935", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke angles" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33936", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke pattern" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 903 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33937", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mechanical efficiency increased and" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33938", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "metabolic cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33939", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "decreased" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33940", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Push time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33941", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cycle frequency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33942", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke angle" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 827 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33943", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "single-looping over propulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33944", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mechanical efficiency and metabolic cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 1460, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33946", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , placebo-controlled trial of controlled release melatonin treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome and impaired sleep maintenance in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities . The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of controlled-release ( CR ) melatonin in the treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome and impaired sleep maintenance of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities including autistic spectrum disorders . A randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover trial of CR melatonin ( 5 mg ) followed by a 3-month open-label study was conducted during which the dose was gradually increased until the therapy showed optimal beneficial effects . Sleep characteristics were measured by caregiver who completed somnologs and wrist actigraphs . Clinician rating of severity of the sleep disorder and improvement from baseline , along with caregiver ratings of global functioning and family stress were also obtained . Fifty-one children ( age range 2-18 years ) who did not respond to sleep hygiene intervention were enrolled . Fifty patients completed the crossover trial and 47 completed the open-label phase . Recordings of total night-time sleep and sleep latency showed significant improvement of approximately 30 min . Similarly , significant improvement was observed in clinician and parent ratings . There was additional improvement in the open-label somnolog measures of sleep efficiency and the longest sleep episode in the open-label phase . Overall , the therapy improved the sleep of 47 children and was effective in reducing family stress . Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities , who had treatment resistant chronic delayed sleep phase syndrome and impaired sleep maintenance , showed improvement in melatonin therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1794 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33947", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "melatonin treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "melatonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33950", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33951", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CR melatonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33952", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "melatonin therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1775, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33953", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Sleep characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33955", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Clinician rating" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33956", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregiver ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total night-time sleep" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33958", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep latency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1206, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33959", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinician and parent ratings ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "open-label somnolog measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep efficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33962", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "the longest sleep episode" ], "offsets": [ [ 1453, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improved the sleep" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33964", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "effective in reducing family stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1569, 1604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33965", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "treatment resistant chronic delayed sleep phase syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1663, 1719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33966", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "impaired sleep maintenance" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33967", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "delayed sleep phase syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33968", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "impaired sleep maintenance" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33969", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33970", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neurodevelopmental disabilities" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33971", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "delayed sleep phase syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33972", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "impaired sleep maintenance" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33973", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33974", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neurodevelopmental disabilities" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33975", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic spectrum disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33976", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33977", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children ( age range 2-18 years )" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33978", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33979", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neurodevelopmental disabilities" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33980", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "treatment resistant chronic delayed sleep phase syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1663, 1719 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "33982", "type": "document", "text": [ "Risperidone versus haloperidol in children and adolescents with AD : a randomized , controlled , double-blind trial . OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare safety , efficacy and tolerability of risperidone with haloperidol in the treatment of Autistic Disorder ( AD ) . METHOD This study was designed as a double-blind , prospective , for a 12-week period . A total of 30 subjects , between the ages of 8 and 18 with AD based on DSM IV criteria , were included in the study . Behavioral Rating Scales were performed by the investigators and the parents . Safety assessment included vital signs , electrocardiogram , electroencephalogram , adverse events , laboratory tests , extrapyramidal symptoms and the side effects . Both treatments were applied in a once daily dosage regimen of 0.01-0.08 mg/kg/day . RESULTS The reduction from baseline in Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale ( RF-RLRS ) , sensory motor ( subscale I ) and language ( subscale V ) scores were significant in risperidone group ( P < 0.05 ) . Compared to haloperidol , risperidone led to a significantly greater reduction in the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC ) and Turgay DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder ( PDD ) scale scores ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ) . There was a greater increase of prolactin in the risperidone group , while alanine amino transferase ( ALT ) had further increased in the haloperidol group . Sensory motor behaviors ( subscale I ) and language at the end of the 12th week , RF-RLRS sensory motor and language subscale scores decreased in the risperidone group further than the other group ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Risperidone was found to be more effective than haloperidol in the treatment of behavioral symptoms , impulsivity , language skills , and impaired social relations in children with AD . These results demonstrated that both drugs were safe and well tolerated in the treatment of AD ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1908 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33984", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33985", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33986", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33987", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electrocardiogram" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33988", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electroencephalogram" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33989", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety , efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33990", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Behavioral Rating Scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33991", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Safety assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33992", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "vital signs , electrocardiogram , electroencephalogram , adverse events , laboratory tests , extrapyramidal symptoms and the side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33993", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale ( RF-RLRS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33994", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sensory motor ( subscale I ) and language ( subscale V ) scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33995", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC ) and Turgay DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder ( PDD ) scale scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33996", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prolactin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1276, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33997", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "alanine amino transferase ( ALT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33998", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "33999", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Sensory motor behaviors ( subscale I )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1402, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34000", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "language" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34001", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "RF-RLRS sensory motor and language subscale scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34002", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavioral symptoms , impulsivity , language skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 1706, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34003", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "impaired social relations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34005", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison with computed tomography of two ultrasound devices for diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm . Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms ( AAAs ) in patients at risk will become more cost effective if a simple , inexpensive , and reliable ultrasound device is available . The aim of this study was to compare a 2-dimensional , handheld ultrasound device and a newly developed ultrasound volume scanner ( based on bladder scan technology ) with computed tomography ( CT ) for diagnosing AAA . A total of 146 patients ( mean age 69 +/- 10 years ; 127 men ) were screened for the presence of AAAs ( diameter > 3 cm ) using CT. All patients were examined with the handheld ultrasound device and the volume scanner . Maximal diameters and volumes were used for the analyses . AAAs were diagnosed by CT in 116 patients ( 80 % ) . The absolute difference of aortic diameter between ultrasound and CT was < 5 mm in 88 % of patients . Limits of agreement between ultrasound and CT ( -6.6 to 9.4 mm ) exceeded the limits of clinical acceptability ( +/-5 mm ) . An excellent correlation between ultrasound and CT was observed ( r = 0.98 ) . The correlation coefficient between the volume scanner and CT was 0.86 , with agreement of 90 % and kappa value of 0.73 . Using an optimal cut-off value of > 56 ml , defined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis , sensitivity , specificity , and the positive and negative predictive values of the volume scanner for detecting AAA were 90 % , 90 % , 97 % , and 71 % , respectively . In conclusion , this study shows that a 2-dimensional , handheld ultrasound device and a newly developed ultrasound volume scanner can effectively identify patients with AAAs confirmed by CT ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1729 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34006", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "computed tomography" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34007", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "handheld ultrasound device" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34008", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ultrasound volume scanner" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34009", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "computed tomography ( CT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34010", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34011", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ultrasound" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34012", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34013", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34014", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ultrasound" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34015", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34016", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34017", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Maximal diameters and volumes" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34018", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absolute difference of aortic diameter" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34019", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "abdominal aortic aneurysm ." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34021", "type": "document", "text": [ "Can analysis of the bispectral index prove helpful when monitoring titration of doses of midazolam and ketamine for sedation during paediatric cardiac catheterization . OBJECTIVE We investigated the use of the bispectral index for monitoring sedation during cardiac catheterization . The scores for the bispectral index may not reflect correct values in children , but may be helpful during titration of sedatives such as midazolam and ketamine . METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial in 126 patients scheduled for cardiac catheterization in a teaching hospital . They ranged in age from 4 months to 15 years . In 66 patients , sedation was performed without use of the bispectral index , while the index was used in the other 60 patients . The data collected included heart rate , mean arterial pressure , respiratory rate , saturation of oxygen , amount of sedatives , awakening time and adverse effects . We subdivided the patients into age-related groups for each parameter . RESULTS The demographic data were not statistically different . Monitoring with the bispectral index in those aged from 1 to 3 years revealed use of lower doses of midazolam , at 2.09 mg per kg per hr , with standard deviation of 0.36 , and similarly lowers doses of ketamine , at 2.07 mg per kg per hr , with standard deviation of 0.22 , the values in those not monitored being 2.93 , with standard deviation of 0.45 , and 2.96 with standard deviation of 0.51 respectively , these difference being statistically significant ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.04 , respectively ) . In those aged from 3 to 6 years of age , dosage of midazolam was 2.09 , with deviation of 0.36 , and of ketamine 1.78 , with deviation of 0.27 , following use of the bispectral index , compared to 2.89 with deviation of 0.28 , and 2.62 with deviation of 0.69 respectively , when the bispectral index was not used , these again being significant differences ( p = 0.033 and p = 0.04 ) . The requirements for respiratory support and adverse effects were also significantly lower when using the bispectral index ( p less than 0.05 ) . No significant difference was found regarding dosages at the ages of 4 months to 1 year , and 6 to 15 years . The awakening time , however , was shorter with use of the index in those aged from 1 to 6 years . CONCLUSIONS When using the bispectral index for monitoring sedation during catheterization in children , we noted decreased need for doses of midazolam and ketamine , a lower need for respiratory support and less adverse effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2543 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34024", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bispectral index" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam and ketamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34026", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "bispectral index" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "paediatric cardiac catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34029", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "The requirements for respiratory support" ], "offsets": [ [ 1958, 1998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34030", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "awakening time" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34032", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34033", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ketamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34034", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "respiratory support" ], "offsets": [ [ 1979, 1998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34035", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34036", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "paediatric cardiac catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34037", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "126 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34038", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "scheduled for cardiac catheterization in a teaching hospital" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34039", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "They ranged in age from 4 months to 15 years ." ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34040", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged from 3 to 6 years of age" ], "offsets": [ [ 1581, 1610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34041", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34043", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of oral sodium acetate administration on plasma acetate concentration and acid-base state in horses . AIM Sodium acetate ( NaAcetate ) has received some attention as an alkalinizing agent and possible alternative energy source for the horse , however the effects of oral administration remain largely unknown . The present study used the physicochemical approach to characterize the changes in acid-base status occurring after oral NaAcetate/acetic acid ( NAA ) administration in horses . METHODS Jugular venous blood was sampled from 9 exercise-conditioned horses on 2 separate occasions , at rest and for 24 h following a competition exercise test ( CET ) designed to simulate the speed and endurance test of 3-day event . Immediately after the CETs horses were allowed water ad libitum and either : 1 ) 8 L of a hypertonic NaAcetate/acetic acid solution via nasogastric tube followed by a typical hay/grain meal ( NAA trial ) ; or 2 ) a hay/grain meal alone ( Control trial ) . RESULTS Oral NAA resulted in a profound plasma alkalosis marked by decreased plasma [ H+ ] and increased plasma [ TCO2 ] and [ HCO3- ] compared to Control . The primary contributor to the plasma alkalosis was an increased [ SID ] , as a result of increased plasma [ Na+ ] and decreased plasma [ Cl- ] . An increased [ Atot ] , due to increased [ PP ] and a sustained increase in plasma [ acetate ] , contributed a minor acidifying effect . CONCLUSION It is concluded that oral NaAcetate could be used as both an alkalinizing agent and an alternative energy source in the horse ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1570 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34044", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34045", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sodium acetate ( NaAcetate )" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34046", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "competition exercise test" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34047", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hypertonic NaAcetate/acetic acid solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "typical hay/grain meal" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34049", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hay/grain meal alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34050", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34051", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma acetate concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34052", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acid-base state" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34053", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acid-base status" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34054", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Jugular venous blood" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34055", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "profound plasma alkalosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma [ H+ ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1082 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma [ TCO2 ] and [ HCO3- ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34058", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma alkalosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34059", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SID" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34060", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "[ Atot ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34061", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "[ PP ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 1336, 1342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34062", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma [ acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34063", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "acidifying effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1412, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34064", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "9" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34066", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of prajmalium bitartrate after single oral dosing . Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the marketed prajmalium bitartrate tablet ( Neo-Gilurytmal , CAS 2589-47-1 ) compared to an oral solution were investigated in an open , randomized , single-dose two-fold crossover study in 20 healthy male volunteers . One subject was identified to be a poor metabolizer . In the study population with normal metabolic status the two oral formulations proved to be bioequivalent with regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax , AUC ( 0-Tlast ) , AUC ( 0-infinity ) and Ae ( 24h ) . tmax was prolonged after administration of the tablets . The relative bioavailability of prajmalium bitartrate from the tablet amounted to 112 % . The poor metabolizer demonstrated in both oral formulations high plasma concentrations , increased AUCs and prolonged terminal half-lives as well as increased renal excretion of prajmalium bitartrate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 981 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34067", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prajmalium bitartrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prajmalium bitartrate tablet" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34069", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Neo-Gilurytmal , CAS 2589-47-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34071", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34072", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34073", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relative bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34074", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "poor metabolizer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34075", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34076", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "AUC ( 0-Tlast )" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34077", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "AUC ( 0-infinity )" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34078", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Ae ( 24h )" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34079", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tmax" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relative bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34081", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high plasma concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34082", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased AUCs and prolonged terminal half-lives as well as increased renal excretion of prajmalium bitartrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34083", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34084", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34085", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34086", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34087", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "poor metabolizer" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 417 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34089", "type": "document", "text": [ "Minimally invasive treatment combined with cytokine-induced killer cells therapy lower the short-term recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinomas . The recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) after minimally invasive therapy is frequent . Adoptive immunotherapy is thought to be an effective method to lower recurrence and metastasis rates of malignant tumors . Therefore , 85 HCC patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation therapy were randomized to immunotherapy group and no adjuvant therapy group . Autologous cytokine-induced killer ( CIK ) cells were transfused via hepatic artery to the patients . The alteration of levels of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients was examined by flow cytometry . All patients were screened by computed tomography every 2 months to observe the tumor recurrent conditions . After CIK cell infusions , the percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD56+ , CD3+CD56+ cells , and CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased from 68.6+/-11.0 % , 31.1+/-9.0 % , 15.6+/-7.9 % , 5.2+/-3.1 % , and 1.1+/-0.5 to 70.7+/-10.1 % , 33.5+/-8.0 % , 18.4+/-9.4 % , 5.9+/-2.8 % , and 1.3+/-0.7 , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) ; whereas the percentage of CD8 cells decreased from 31.1+/-7.8 % to 28.6+/-8.3 % ( P < 0.05 ) . The 1-year and 18-month recurrence rates of the study group were 8.9 % and 15.6 % , compared with 30.0 % and 40.0 % of the control group ( both P value < 0.05 ) . The data suggest that CIK cell transfusion is an effective treatment . It can boost the immunologic function in HCC patients and plays an important role in reducing the recurrence rate of HCC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1629 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34090", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cytokine-induced killer cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34091", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Adoptive immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34092", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "transcatheter arterial chemoembolization" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34093", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiofrequency ablation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34094", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34095", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no adjuvant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34096", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Autologous cytokine-induced killer ( CIK ) cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CIK cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 882, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34098", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CIK cell transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1458, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34099", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD56+ , CD3+CD56+ cells , and CD4+/CD8+ ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 981 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34100", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of CD8 cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "1-year and 18-month recurrence rates of the study group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34102", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatocellular carcinomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34103", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "85" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34104", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "tumor recurrent conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34105", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34107", "type": "document", "text": [ "Improving the transition from residential to outpatient addiction treatment : gender differences in response to supportive telephone calls . Substance use relapse rates are often high in the first months after discharge from inpatient substance abuse treatment , and patient adherence to aftercare plans is often low . Four residential addiction treatment centers participated in a feasibility study designed to estimate the efficacy of a post-discharge telephone intervention intended to encourage compliance with aftercare . A total of 282 participants ( 100 women , 182 men ) with substance use disorders were included in this secondary analysis . The findings revealed that women were more likely than men to attend aftercare . This \" gender effect \" persisted after adjustment for a number of potential mediators ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 819 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34108", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "residential to outpatient addiction treatment :" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34109", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "inpatient substance abuse treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34110", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "post-discharge telephone intervention intended to encourage compliance with aftercare ." ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34111", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient adherence to aftercare" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34112", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34113", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "attend aftercare" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34114", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "residential to outpatient addiction" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34115", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "282" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34116", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34117", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34118", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "182" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34119", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34121", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of upper arm brachial basilic and prosthetic forearm arteriovenous fistula on left ventricular hypertrophy . BACKGROUND Creation of an arteriovenous fistula ( AVF ) may increase left ventricular hypertrophy in the hemodialysis population . Aim of this study was to compare the effects of a brachial-basilic ( BB ) AVF and the prosthetic brachial-antecubital forearm loop access ( PTFE ) on cardiac performance . METHODS Patients were randomized to receive BB-AVF or prosthetic brachial-antecubital forearm loop access . Before and three months after AVF creation patients underwent an echocardiographic examination . Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare relative increase between the measured cardiac parameters for the two groups . RESULTS Twenty-seven patients participated in the study . The relative increase in left ventricular parameters was not significantly different between the two groups . Only left ventricular end-diastolic diameter tended to be of significance . Mean blood flow through the brachial artery was 1680+/-156 and 1450+/-221 mL/min three months after surgery for the PTFE and the BB-AVF group , respectively . CONCLUSION After three months of follow-up , changes in cardiac structure were comparable between patients with BB and PTFE AVFs . Also access flow was comparable at this time . In general , the effects of creation of a fistula on LV structure were limited . Longer follow up time may be needed to explore the long term effects of different vascular accesses on cardiac function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1526 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34122", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "brachial-basilic ( BB ) AVF" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34123", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prosthetic brachial-antecubital forearm loop access" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34124", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "BB-AVF" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34125", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prosthetic brachial-antecubital forearm loop access" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34128", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac performance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34129", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mann-Whitney U-test" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34130", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "measured cardiac parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34131", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34132", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular end-diastolic diameter" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34133", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean blood flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34134", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in cardiac structure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34135", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "access flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34136", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34137", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemodialysis population ." ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34138", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "AVF creation patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34139", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-seven patients participated in the study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34140", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with BB and PTFE AVFs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1244, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34142", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of coenzyme Q10 on microcirculatory endothelial function of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34143", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34144", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "microcirculatory endothelial function" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34145", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34147", "type": "document", "text": [ "The cost-effectiveness of parasitologic diagnosis for malaria-suspected patients in an era of combination therapy . The introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa has prompted calls for increased use of parasitologic diagnosis for malaria . We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests ( RDTs ) in comparison to microscopy in guiding treatment of non-severe febrile illness at varying levels of malaria endemicity using data on test accuracy and costs collected as part of a Tanzanian trial . If prescribers complied with current guidelines , microscopy would give rise to lower average costs per patient correctly treated than RDTs in areas of both high and low transmission . RDT introduction would result in an additional 2.3 % and 9.4 % of patients correctly treated , at an incremental cost of $ 25 and $ 7 in the low and high transmission settings , respectively . Cost-effectiveness would be worse if prescribers do not comply with test results . The cost of this additional benefit may be higher than many countries can afford without external assistance or lower RDT prices ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1134 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "artemisinin-based combination therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34149", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rapid diagnostic tests ( RDTs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34150", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "microscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34151", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost-effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34152", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost-effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34153", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34154", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34155", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patients correctly treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34156", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incremental cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34157", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Cost-effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 921, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34159", "type": "document", "text": [ "Impact of a 16-community trial to promote judicious antibiotic use in Massachusetts . OBJECTIVES Reducing unnecessary antibiotic use , particularly among children , continues to be a public health priority . Previous intervention studies have been limited by size or design and have shown mixed results . The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a multifaceted , community-wide intervention on overall antibiotic use for young children and on use of broad-spectrum agents . In addition , we sought to compare the intervention 's impact on commercially and Medicaid-insured children . METHODS We conducted a controlled , community-level , cluster-randomized trial in 16 nonoverlapping Massachusetts communities , studied from 1998 to 2003 . During 3 years , we implemented a physician behavior-change strategy that included guideline dissemination , small-group education , frequent updates and educational materials , and prescribing feedback . Parents received educational materials by mail and in primary care practices , pharmacies , and child care settings . Using health-plan data , we measured changes in antibiotics dispensed per person-year of observation among children who were aged 3 to < 72 months , resided in study communities , and were insured by a participating commercial health plan or Medicaid . RESULTS The data include 223,135 person-years of observation . Antibiotic-use rates at baseline were 2.8 , 1.7 , and 1.4 antibiotics per person-year among those aged 3 to < 24 , 24 to < 48 , and 48 to < 72 months , respectively . We observed a substantial downward trend in antibiotic prescribing , even in the absence of intervention . The intervention had no additional effect among children aged 3 to < 24 months but was responsible for a 4.2 % decrease among those aged 24 to < 48 months and a 6.7 % decrease among those aged 48 to < 72 months . The intervention effect was greater among Medicaid-insured children and for broad-spectrum agents . CONCLUSIONS A sustained , multifaceted , community-level intervention was only modestly successful at decreasing overall antibiotic use beyond substantial secular trends . The more robust impact among Medicaid-insured children and for specific medication classes provides an argument for specific targeting of resources for patient and physician behavior change ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2347 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34160", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "multifaceted , community-wide intervention on overall antibiotic use" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34161", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "physician behavior-change strategy that included guideline dissemination , small-group education , frequent updates and educational materials , and prescribing feedback" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34162", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "educational materials by mail and in primary care practices , pharmacies , and child care settings" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34163", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Antibiotic-use rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34164", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "antibiotic prescribing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34165", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "overall antibiotic use" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34166", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "16" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34167", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children who were aged 3 to < 72 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34168", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "223,135" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34170", "type": "document", "text": [ "Impact of a controlled heated breathing tube humidifier on sleep quality during CPAP therapy in a cool sleeping environment . There are conflicting data on the effect of adding a heated humidifier to nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome ( OSAS ) . The effects of heated humidification on sleep quality and treatment side-effects for patients who prefer a cold bedroom environment have not been studied . A randomised , controlled crossover trial involving 19 patients with a first-ever diagnosis of OSAS measured the effect of conventional heated humidification added to CPAP compared with a controlled heated breathing tube humidifier ( ThermoSmart ( R ) ; Fisher and Paykel Healthcare , Auckland , New Zealand ) on sleep quality . During the night in the sleep laboratory at a mean room temperature of 14 degrees C , less condensation formed with the controlled heated breathing tube humidifier ( 1.9 mL versus 35.3 mL ) in the delivery system . In addition , the total sleep time , time spent in sleep stages 3 and 4 , and rapid eye movement sleep phases were significantly longer and the overall side-effect score was lower than with conventional heated humidification . Patients on nasal continuous positive airway pressure desiring a cool bedroom temperature could benefit from controlled heated breathing tube humidification technology ( with inputs from ambient temperature , set pressure and flow ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1483 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34171", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "controlled heated breathing tube humidifier" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34172", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CPAP therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34173", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "heated humidifier" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34174", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34175", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional heated humidification added to CPAP" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34176", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "controlled heated breathing tube humidifier ( ThermoSmart ( R ) ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 731 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34177", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "controlled heated breathing tube humidifier" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34178", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "controlled heated breathing tube humidification technology" ], "offsets": [ [ 1358, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34179", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34180", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34181", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "treatment side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34182", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sleep quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34183", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "condensation" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34184", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total sleep time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34185", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time spent in sleep stages 3 and 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34186", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rapid eye movement sleep phases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34187", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "overall side-effect score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34189", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomised double-blind trial of cyclosporin and azathioprine in refractory rheumatoid arthritis . Fifty-two patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) from four Australian centres were randomised to receive cyclosporin A ( CSA ) ( n = 25 ) or azathioprine ( AZA ) ( n = 27 ) for six months . Initial mean doses of CSA and AZA were 4.2 mg/kg and 1.7 mg/kg respectively . The mean doses of CSA and AZA at six months were 3.4 mg/kg and 1.9 mg/kg . Assessments of side-effects and outcomes of benefit were made monthly by independent , blinded observers . Both treatment groups exhibited statistically significant improvement in standard outcome parameters when compared with baseline values . However , there were no statistically significant differences in these parameters between the two groups . There was a mean increase in serum creatinine concentration associated with CSA ; no persons were withdrawn from the study for this reason . Seven CSA recipients ( three gastrointestinal symptoms , two neurological symptoms , two other ) and 12 AZA recipients ( six gastrointestinal symptoms , four inefficacy , two other ) withdrew from treatment prematurely . Seven CSA recipients became hypertensive and four required anti-hypertensive therapy . Adverse events not requiring cessation of therapy were more commonly seen among CSA patients . In this group of severely affected patients with RA both cyclosporin and azathioprine were effective therapies . CSA toxicities were predictable and manageable but required close monitoring ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1541 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34190", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporin" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34191", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34192", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporin A ( CSA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34193", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azathioprine ( AZA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34194", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34195", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AZA" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34196", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34197", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AZA" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34198", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34199", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AZA" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34200", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34201", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34202", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporin" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34203", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34204", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34205", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum creatinine concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34206", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( three gastrointestinal symptoms , two neurological symptoms , two other )" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34207", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "six gastrointestinal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34208", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "four inefficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34209", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "two other" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34210", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34211", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-hypertensive therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1227, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34212", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CSA toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34213", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "refractory rheumatoid arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34214", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34215", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with severe rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) from four Australian centres" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34217", "type": "document", "text": [ "Response of patients to enalapril , felodipine and their combination ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril , felodipine and their combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34219", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients to enalapril , felodipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34221", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized , comparative study of the efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine , administered as a single daily intake versus two daily intakes in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria . BACKGROUND Artesunate plus amodiaquine is a coblistered ACT , given as a single daily intake . It has been suggested that , in view of the number of tablets to be taken ( particularly in adults ) , it may be possible to improve compliance by allowing patients to divide the daily dose . The objectives of this randomized , comparative , open-label , multicentre study , conducted in Senegal and in Cameroon in 2005 , was to demonstrate the non-inferiority and to compare the safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine , as a single daily intake versus two daily intakes . METHODS A three-day treatment period and 14-day follow-up period was performed in any subject weighting more than 10 kg , presenting with a malaria paroxysm confirmed by parasitaemia > or = 1,000/microl , after informed consent . Patients were randomly allocated into one of the two regimens , with dosage according to bodyweight range . All products were administered by an authorized person , blinded to both the investigating physician and the biologist . The primary endpoint was an adequate response to treatment on D14 ( WHO definition ) . The two-sided 90 % confidence interval of the difference was calculated on intent to treat ( ITT ) population ; the acceptance limit for non-inferiority was 3 % . The safety was evaluated by incidence of adverse events . RESULTS Three-hundred and sixteen patients were included in the study . The two patient groups were strictly comparable on D0 . The adequate responses to treatment were similar for the two treatment regimens on D14 , PCR-corrected ( 99,4 % in the one-daily intake group versus 99,3 % in the comparative group ) . The statistical analyses demonstrated the non-inferiority of administering artesunate/amodiaquine as two intakes . The drug was well tolerated . The main adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders ( 2.5 % ) and pruritus ( 2.5 % ) ; safety profiles were similar in the two groups . CONCLUSION This pilot study confirms the efficacy and good tolerability of artesunate plus amodiaquine , administrated either in one or in two daily intakes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2299 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "artesunate plus amodiaquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34223", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amodiaquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34224", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34225", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34226", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34227", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "non-inferiority" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34228", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34229", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adequate response to treatment on D14" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34230", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34231", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "adequate responses to treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1675, 1706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34232", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "non-inferiority" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34233", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1984, 1998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34234", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "gastrointestinal disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 2030, 2056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34235", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "uncomplicated falciparum malaria ." ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34236", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Three-hundred and sixteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1551, 1576 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34238", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of the therapeutic effects of epoetin zeta to epoetin alfa in the maintenance phase of renal anaemia treatment . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of epoetin zeta , compared with epoetin alfa , in maintaining target haemoglobin ( Hb ) concentrations in patients with anaemia and chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) maintained on haemodialysis . METHODS Patients received epoetin zeta or epoetin alfa intravenously , 1-3 times/week for 12 weeks , then the alternative treatment for 12 weeks , in this double-blind , crossover , phase III trial . Eligible patients were 18-75 years old with CKD stage 5 maintained on haemodialysis . Patients had received epoetin for > or = 3 months upon study entry and had achieved a target Hb level of 10.5-12.5 g/dL with a stable epoetin dose . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary efficacy endpoints were intra-individual differences ( test-reference ) in mean Hb levels and mean weekly dose/kg of body weight . Safety endpoints included occurrence of neutralizing anti-erythro poietin antibodies , tolerability , and adverse events ( AEs ) . RESULTS In total , 313 patients were randomized to receive epoetin zeta ( n = 155 ) or epoetin alfa ( n = 158 ) ; 146 and 145 patients ( respectively ) switched treatment after 12 weeks . Mean ( range ) Hb levels were 11.35 ( 8.96-14.22 ) g/dL and 11.54 ( 8.74-13.84 ) g/dL for patients receiving epoetin zeta and epoetin alfa , respectively ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] [ test-reference ] : 0.09-0.28 g/dL , within the predefined equivalence range of +/-0.6 g/dL ) . Mean ( range ) weekly doses were 92.68 ( 12.74-398.41 ) IU/kg/wk and 92.58 ( 10.53-393.07 ) IU/kg/wk for patients receiving epoetin zeta and epoetin alfa , respectively ( 95 % CI [ test-reference ] : -4.67 and 4.29 IU/kg/wk , within the equivalence range of +/-45.00 IU/kg/wk ) . Patients underwent minor nominal dose adjustments during treatment crossover . AE profile was similar for both products ; the most commonly reported AEs were infections and infestations ( in 26.5 % of patients receiving epoetin zeta and 23.6 % receiving epoetin alfa ) . No patients developed neutralizing anti-erythropoietin antibodies . CONCLUSIONS Epoetin zeta is therapeutically equivalent to epoetin alfa in the maintenance of target Hb levels in patients with renal anaemia . No unexpected AEs were seen ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2366 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34239", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin zeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34240", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin alfa" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34241", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin zeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34242", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin alfa" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34243", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin zeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34244", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin alfa" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34245", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34246", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34247", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin zeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34248", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin alfa" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34249", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin zeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34250", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epoetin alfa" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34251", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Epoetin zeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 2206, 2218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34252", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occurrence of neutralizing anti-erythro poietin antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34253", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34254", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events ( AEs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34255", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean ( range ) Hb levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34256", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mean ( range ) weekly doses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34257", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "infections and infestations" ], "offsets": [ [ 2013, 2040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34258", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "neutralizing anti-erythropoietin antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 2148, 2191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34259", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal anaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34260", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anaemia and chronic kidney disease ( CKD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34261", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "18-75 years old" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34262", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "CKD stage 5" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34263", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "313 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34264", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal anaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34266", "type": "document", "text": [ "Association of efavirenz hypersusceptibility with virologic response in ACTG 368 , a randomized trial of abacavir ( ABC ) in combination with efavirenz ( EFV ) and indinavir ( IDV ) in HIV-infected subjects with prior nucleoside analog experience . PURPOSE To evaluate the association of efavirenz hypersusceptibility ( EFV-HS ) with clinical outcome in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial of EFV plus indinavir ( EFV+IDV ) vs. EFV+IDV plus abacavir ( ABC ) in 283 nucleoside-experienced HIV-infected patients . METHOD AND RESULTS Rates of virologic failure were similar in the 2 arms at week 16 ( p = .509 ) . Treatment discontinuations were more common in the ABC arm ( p = .001 ) . Using logistic regression , there was no association between virologic failure and either baseline ABC resistance or regimen sensitivity score . Using 3 different genotypic scoring systems , EFV-HS was significantly associated with reduced virologic failure at week 16 , independent of treatment assignment . In some patients on the nucleoside-sparing arm , the nucleoside-resistance mutation L74V was selected for in combination with the uncommonly occurring EFV-resistance mutations K103N+L100I ; L74V was not detected as a minority variant , using clonal sequence analysis , when the nucleoside-sparing regimen was initiated . CONCLUSION Premature treatment discontinuations in the ABC arm and the presence of EFV-HS HIV variants in this patient population likely made it difficult to detect a benefit of adding ABC to EFV+IDV . In addition , L74V , when combined with K103N+L100I , may confer a selective advantage to the virus that is independent of its effects on nucleoside resistance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1697 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34267", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "efavirenz" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34268", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACTG 368" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34269", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "abacavir ( ABC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34270", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "efavirenz ( EFV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34271", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indinavir ( IDV" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34272", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34273", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EFV plus indinavir ( EFV+IDV ) vs. EFV+IDV plus abacavir ( ABC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34274", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EFV-HS" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34275", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EFV-HS HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EFV+IDV" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34277", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Rates of virologic failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34278", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Treatment discontinuations" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34279", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "virologic failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34280", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "either" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34281", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "baseline ABC resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34282", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "or regimen sensitivity score" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34283", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "treatment discontinuations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34284", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "adding ABC to EFV+IDV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34285", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "effects on nucleoside resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1663, 1695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34286", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34287", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "283" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34288", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34290", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Optimization of the postoperative period in children after adenotonsillectomy ] ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34291", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Optimization" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34292", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adenotonsillectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34293", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "[ Optimization" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34294", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34295", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adenotonsillectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34297", "type": "document", "text": [ "Osteosarcoma : the addition of muramyl tripeptide to chemotherapy improves overall survival -- a report from the Children 's Oncology Group . PURPOSE To compare three-drug chemotherapy with cisplatin , doxorubicin , and methotrexate with four-drug chemotherapy with cisplatin , doxorubicin , methotrexate , and ifosfamide for the treatment of osteosarcoma . To determine whether the addition of muramyl tripeptide ( MTP ) to chemotherapy enhances event-free survival ( EFS ) and overall survival in newly diagnosed patients with osteosarcoma . PATIENTS AND METHODS Six hundred sixty-two patients with osteosarcoma without clinically detectable metastatic disease and whose disease was considered resectable received one of four prospectively randomized treatments . All patients received identical cumulative doses of cisplatin , doxorubicin , and methotrexate and underwent definitive surgical resection of primary tumor . Patients were randomly assigned to receive or not to receive ifosfamide and/or MTP in a 2 x 2 factorial design . The primary end points for analysis were EFS and overall survival . RESULTS In the current analysis , there was no evidence of interaction , and we were able to examine each intervention separately . The chemotherapy regimens resulted in similar EFS and overall survival . There was a trend toward better EFS with the addition of MTP ( P = .08 ) . The addition of MTP to chemotherapy improved 6-year overall survival from 70 % to 78 % ( P = .03 ) . The hazard ratio for overall survival with the addition of MTP was 0.71 ( 95 % CI , 0.52 to 0.96 ) . CONCLUSION The addition of ifosfamide to cisplatin , doxorubicin , and methotrexate did not enhance EFS or overall survival for patients with osteosarcoma . The addition of MTP to chemotherapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement in overall survival and a trend toward better EFS ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34298", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "muramyl tripeptide" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34299", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin , doxorubicin , and methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34300", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "four-drug chemotherapy with cisplatin , doxorubicin , methotrexate , and ifosfamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34301", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "muramyl tripeptide ( MTP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34302", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin , doxorubicin , and methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34303", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "receive ifosfamide and/or MTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34304", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival -- a" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34305", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "event-free survival ( EFS ) and overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34306", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "EFS and overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34307", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "EFS and overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34308", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "EFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34309", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "6-year overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1430, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34310", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "hazard ratio for overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1490, 1523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34311", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "EFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34312", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34313", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34314", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "EFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34315", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Children 's" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34316", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six hundred sixty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34317", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "osteosarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34319", "type": "document", "text": [ "Reduced albuminuria with sarpogrelate is accompanied by a decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in type 2 diabetes . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sarpogrelate has been shown to reduce albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy . For examination of whether this is based on the same mechanisms as angiotensin II receptor blockers or thiazolidinedione , effects of sarpogrelate on atherosclerotic inflammatory molecules and their relations to albuminuria in patients who had diabetes and had already been treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers and with or without thiazolidinedione were examined . DESIGN , SETTING , PARTICIPANTS , & MEASUREMENTS Forty patients who had diabetes with nephropathy and arteriosclerosis obliterans and had already been treated with angiotensin II receptor blocker ( n = 40 ) were randomly assigned to sarpogrelate ( 300 mg/d ; n = 20 ) or aspirin group ( 100 mg/d ; n = 20 ) . Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were measured at baseline and 16 wk after administration . RESULTS Only the sarpogrelate group showed increases in plasma adiponectin and decreases in both plasma and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels . Moreover , percentage change of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level correlated positively to that of albumin-to-creatinine ratio . Even when the sarpogrelate group was further divided into two groups with ( n = 9 ) or without thiazolidinedione ( n = 11 ) , changes in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or albumin-to-creatinine ratio did not differ . CONCLUSIONS Sarpogrelate can reduce albuminuria and plasma and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels while increasing plasma adiponectin in diabetic nephropathy . These effects seem to be mediated via mechanisms that are different from those of angiotensin II receptor blocker or thiazolidinedione ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1957 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34320", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34321", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34322", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiazolidinedione" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34323", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34324", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin II receptor blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34325", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiazolidinedione" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34326", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin II receptor blocker" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34327", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34328", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin group" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34329", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34330", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34331", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiazolidinedione" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34332", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sarpogrelate" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34333", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin II receptor blocker" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34334", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiazolidinedione" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34335", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34336", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma adiponectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34337", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34338", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage change of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or albumin-to-creatinine ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34340", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34341", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34342", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34343", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34344", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nephropathy and arteriosclerosis obliterans" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34346", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults . BACKGROUND Substantial , but indirect , evidence suggests that improving nutrition in early childhood in developing countries is a long-term economic investment . We investigated the direct effect of a nutrition intervention in early childhood on adult economic productivity . METHODS We obtained economic data from 1424 Guatemalan individuals ( aged 25-42 years ) between 2002 and 2004 . They accounted for 60 % of the 2392 children ( aged 0-7 years ) who had been enrolled in a nutrition intervention study during 1969-77 . In this initial study , two villages were randomly assigned a nutritious supplement ( atole ) for all children and two villages a less nutritious one ( fresco ) . We estimated annual income , hours worked , and average hourly wages from all economic activities . We used linear regression models , adjusting for potentially confounding factors , to assess the relation between economic variables and exposure to atole or fresco at specific ages between birth and 7 years . FINDINGS Exposure to atole before , but not after , age 3 years was associated with higher hourly wages , but only for men . For exposure to atole from 0 to 2 years , the increase was US $ 0.67 per hour ( 95 % CI 0.16-1.17 ) , which meant a 46 % increase in average wages . There was a non-significant tendency for hours worked to be reduced and for annual incomes to be greater for those exposed to atole from 0 to 2 years . INTERPRETATION Improving nutrition in early childhood led to substantial increases in wage rates for men , which suggests that investments in early childhood nutrition can be long-term drivers of economic growth ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1744 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34347", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "nutrition intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34348", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "nutrition intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34349", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nutrition intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34350", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nutritious supplement ( atole ) for all children" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34351", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two villages a less nutritious one ( fresco )" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34352", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atole" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fresco" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atole" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atole" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34356", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "economic productivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34357", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hourly wages" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34358", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tendency for hours worked" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34359", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "annual incomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1455, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34360", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "substantial increases in wage rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1592, 1627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34361", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Guatemalan adults ." ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34362", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "1424 Guatemalan individuals ( aged 25-42 years ) between 2002 and 2004 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34363", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "accounted for 60 % of the 2392 children ( aged 0-7 years ) who had been enrolled in a nutrition intervention study during 1969-77 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34365", "type": "document", "text": [ "A field trial of production and financial consequences of helminthosis control in sheep production in Ethiopia . We used a partial-budget analysis to evaluate profitability of different management strategies of three genotypes of sheep in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial experiment conducted at Debre Berhan research station in the central highlands of Ethiopia . This involved two anthelmintic-treatment levels ( treated vs. non-treated ) , two supplementary nutrition levels ( protein-energy supplementation yes/no ) and three genotypes : indigenous Menz ( n=40 ) , 50 % Awassi x 50 % Menz crosses ( n=38 ) and 75 % Awassi x 25 % Menz crosses ( n=31 ) . All sheep were exposed to natural sub-clinical helminthosis challenge . Supplemented sheep were offered a concentrate mix daily on an individual basis . Anthelmintic-treated sheep were drenched with fenbendazole against nematodes and with triclabendazole against trematodes . Data were collected during the experimental period ( for 10 months from approximately 1 year of age ) on feed intake , live weight , eggs per gram ( EPG ) of faeces , packed-cell volume ( PCV ) , wool weight , and adult-worm burden . Actual market input and output prices were recorded . Supplemented sheep had significantly higher marginal profit ( MP ) per sheep than non-supplemented sheep ( ETB 33 vs. 4 ) . Likewise , anthelmintic treated sheep performed significantly better than their non-treated contemporaries ( MP=ETB 28 vs. 8 ) . The 75 % Awassi crosses were least profitable ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1510 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "different management strategies of three genotypes of sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34367", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two anthelmintic-treatment levels ( treated vs. non-treated )" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34368", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two supplementary nutrition levels ( protein-energy supplementation yes/no )" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34369", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "concentrate mix daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fenbendazole against nematodes and with triclabendazole against trematodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34371", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "profitability" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34372", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "feed intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34373", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "live weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34374", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "eggs per gram ( EPG ) of faeces" ], "offsets": [ [ 1055, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34375", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "packed-cell volume ( PCV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "wool weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34377", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adult-worm burden" ], "offsets": [ [ 1136, 1153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34378", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "market input and output prices" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34379", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "marginal profit ( MP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34380", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "performed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34381", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "profitable" ], "offsets": [ [ 1498, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34382", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sheep production in Ethiopia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34383", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "central highlands of Ethiopia" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34384", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=40" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34385", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=31" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34387", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cryotherapy does not affect peroneal reaction following sudden inversion . CONTEXT If ankle joint cryotherapy impairs the ability of the ankle musculature to counteract potentially injurious forces , the ankle is left vulnerable to injury . OBJECTIVE To compare peroneal reaction to sudden inversion following ankle joint cryotherapy . DESIGN Repeated measures design with independent variables , treatment ( cryotherapy and control ) , and time ( baseline , immediately post treatment , 15 minutes post treatment , and 30 minutes post treatment ) . SETTING University research laboratory . PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven healthy volunteers . INTERVENTION ( S ) An ice bag was secured to the lateral ankle joint for 20 minutes . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The onset and average root mean square amplitude of EMG activity in the peroneal muscles was calculated following the release of a trap door mechanism causing inversion . RESULTS There was no statistically significant change from baseline for peroneal reaction time or average peroneal muscle activity at any post treatment time . CONCLUSIONS Cryotherapy does not affect peroneal muscle reaction following sudden inversion perturbation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1201 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34388", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34389", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34390", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "onset and average root mean square amplitude of EMG activity in the peroneal muscles was" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34391", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "release of a trap door mechanism causing inversion" ], "offsets": [ [ 882, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34392", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peroneal reaction time or average peroneal muscle activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34393", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34394", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34396", "type": "document", "text": [ "The impact of fasting and treatment omission on susceptibility to hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with GH and cortisol insufficiency . OBJECTIVE Hypoglycaemia may be a frequent occurrence in young GH deficient patients and so we studied the response to fasting in children and adolescents with GH and/or cortisol deficiency . METHODS A total of 20 patients ( 2-18 years ) fasted for 14 h ( 22.00-12.00 h ) on two occasions as part of a randomized cross-over study . Fourteen had pituitary hormone deficiency ( PHD ) including GH deficiency ( GHD ) . Of the 14 patients , seven were ACTH sufficient ( PHDC+ ) and seven ACTH deficient ( PHDC- ) . Six had primary adrenal failure ( PAF ) . Subjects administered or omitted their normal dose of evening GH and/or morning hydrocortisone . Glucose , insulin , GH , cortisol , ketones and catecholamines were measured at 04.00 h and regularly from 07.00 to 12.00 h. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA and hypoglycaemia defined as a blood glucose ( BG ) < /= 3.3 mmol/l . RESULTS BG was related to age and body mass index on treatment but no subject became hypoglycaemic on or off therapy prior to 07.00 h. Five children ( aged 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 and 11 years ) were hypoglycaemic between 07.00 and 12.00 h off treatment . There was a positive relationship between GH AUC and minimum BG in patients with PHD on treatment ( r ( 2 ) = 0.45 , P = 0.012 ) with increased insulin sensitivity off treatment . Increased cortisol levels were seen in PHDC+ patients off GH ( P < 0.001 ) . A negative relationship was observed between minimum BG and adrenaline ( r ( 2 ) = 0.37 , P = 0.01 ) , ketone bodies ( r ( 2 ) = -0.20 , P = 0.05 ) and NEFA ( r ( 2 ) = -0.35 , P = 0.02 ) . Noradrenaline levels were reduced in patients with PHDC- . Low BMI ( on treatment ) and young age ( off treatment ) were determinants of low BG levels in a multiple regression model . CONCLUSIONS Unrecognized overnight hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents on pituitary hormone replacement is uncommon but BG levels quickly become abnormal when treatment and meals are omitted . The insulin antagonistic actions of GH are important in preventing hypoglycaemia . Patients with PHD have altered sympathetic nerve activity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2248 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34397", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "fasting" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "treatment omission" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34399", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "fasted" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34400", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "evening GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34401", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morning hydrocortisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34402", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "susceptibility to hypoglycaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34403", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34404", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34405", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34406", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34407", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ketones" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34408", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "catecholamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34409", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Insulin sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34410", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "HOMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34411", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypoglycaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34412", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34413", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "age and body mass index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34414", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypoglycaemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34415", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GH AUC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34416", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "minimum BG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34417", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1420, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34418", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Increased cortisol levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34419", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34420", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adrenaline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34421", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ketone bodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1636, 1649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34422", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Noradrenaline levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1723, 1743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34423", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1786, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low BG levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1860, 1873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34425", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BG levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1864, 1873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin antagonistic actions of GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 2110, 2144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34427", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sympathetic nerve activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2220, 2246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34428", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34429", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34430", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH and cortisol insufficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34431", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34432", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH deficient" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34433", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34434", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34435", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH and/or cortisol deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34436", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34437", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "( 2-18 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34438", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Fourteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 484 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34439", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pituitary hormone deficiency ( PHD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34440", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH deficiency ( GHD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34441", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "14" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34442", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34443", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34444", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ACTH deficient ( PHDC- )" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34445", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34446", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary adrenal failure ( PAF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34447", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PHDC-" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34448", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34449", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34450", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34452", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of the effects of human leukocyte IFN-alpha on the immune response to the HBV vaccine in healthy unvaccinated individuals . HBV vaccine needs 3 injections over 6 months to induce immunity . Thus , the use of adjuvants capable of inducing earlier immune protection would be highly desirable . Most adjuvants may act by inducing cytokines , and among them , type I interferons ( IFNs ) , deserve a special attention in view of the potent immunomostimulatory activity observed in mouse models and on dendritic cell functions . The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the effects of IFN-alpha administered as an adjuvant of HBV vaccine in healthy unvaccinated individuals . No significant enhancing effect on the antibody response was observed , in spite of an early and transient upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells , which may be suggestive of an IFN-mediated activation of antigen presenting cells . We conclude that , under the conditions used in this trial , natural IFN-alpha does not act as an adjuvant of the HBV vaccine in healthy unvaccinated individuals ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1130 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34453", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "leukocyte IFN-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34454", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBV vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34455", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HBV vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34456", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFN-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34457", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant of HBV vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34458", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IFN-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34459", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immune response to the HBV vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34460", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antibody response" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral blood mononuclear cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34462", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy unvaccinated individuals ." ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34464", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of vitamin K2 on the recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma . BACKGROUND/AIMS Vitamin K2 ( VK2 ) appears to have a potent inhibitory activity for cell growth including HCC cells . We investigated whether VK2 could reduce incidence of tumor recurrence after treatment of HCC . Forty-five patients with cured or possibly cured HCC were randomly selected , assigning patients to treatment ( n=21 ) or control group ( n=24 ) with randomization list . METHODOLOGY For the treatment group , forty-five mg of Glakay was given orally every day after therapy for HCC . No patients complained of adverse effects . Abdominal ultrasonography and dynamic CT were performed at 3-month intervals . Recurrence was confirmed by abdominal angiography . RESULTS Recurrence of HCC occurred in 7 cases ( 33.3 % ) for the treatment group and 12 cases ( 50.0 % ) for the control group during mean observation periods of 19.5 and 16.5 months , respectively . Administration of VK2 was not an independent variable for the recurrence on univariate analysis . Cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence did not differ between the two groups , and the cumulative survival rate tended to be high in treatment group ( p =0.054 ) . Cox regression analysis revealed that serum albumin concentration alone was an independent factor affecting the recurrence . CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that VK2 does not appear to prevent recurrence of HCC after curative treatment . Our study is preliminary and large-scale trials are needed to determine whether VK2 is of benefit to decrease the recurrence of HCC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1592 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34465", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin K2" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34466", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Vitamin K2 ( VK2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34467", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "VK2" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34468", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34469", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Glakay" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34470", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dynamic CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34471", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "abdominal angiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34472", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34473", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34474", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34475", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Recurrence of HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34476", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34477", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34478", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "cumulative survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34479", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum albumin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34480", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrence of HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34481", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrence of HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34482", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hepatocellular carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34483", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-five patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34484", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 192 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34486", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of losartan and enalapril on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total antioxidant in renal transplant recipients with Renin-Angiotensin system polymorphisms . BACKGROUND As renin-angiotensin system ( RAS ) activity may affect the severity of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers , we assessed the effects of enalapril ( E ) and/or losartan ( L ) on these markers in renal transplant recipients with RAS polymorphisms . PATIENTS AND METHODS After determination by PCR of RAS genotypes , consisting of the angiotensin-converting enzymes ( ACE I/D ) , angiotensinogens ( AGT M235T ) and angiotensin II type 1 receptors ( ATR1 A1166C ) , 76 recipients were recruited randomly and assigned 4 groups . The first ( n = 17 ) and second ( n = 24 ) groups were treated with E ( E ( + ) : 10 mg/d ) and L ( L ( + ) : 50 mg/d ) alone , respectively . The third positive control group ( n = 17 ) received E + L ( E ( + ) L ( + ) : 10 mg/d + 50 mg/d ) and the fourth negative control group ( n = 18 ) received no medication ( E ( - ) : L ( - ) ) . High-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and total antioxidant ( TA ) inflammatory and antioxidative markers were measured after 2 months . After a 2-week washout period , the E ( + ) group was changed to L ( + ) and vice versa in a crossover design . They were followed for another 8 weeks before retesting hs-CRP and TA . A value of P < or = .05 was considered significant . RESULTS After 2 and 4 months of treatment with the drug regimen , hs-CRP and TA levels were significantly decreased and consequently increased among the E ( + ) L ( + ) , L ( + ) and E ( + ) groups ( P < .05 ) . On analyzing the relationship between RAS polymorphisms and baseline hs-CRP or TA levels , CC genotype of ATR1 showed lower hs-CRP levels ( P = .04 ) . However , none of the RAS polymorphisms predicted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response rates to the drugs ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSION Although hs-CRP was lower in the CC genotype patients of ATR1 polymorphisms E and/or L reduced hs-CRP and increased TA regardless of the RAS genotype ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2091 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34487", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "losartan and enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34488", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril ( E ) and/or losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34489", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "E" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34490", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34491", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "E + L" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34492", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "E ( + ) L ( + ) , L ( + )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1588, 1613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34493", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "E ( + )" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34494", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hs-CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34495", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34496", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hs-CRP levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1771, 1784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34497", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hs-CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34498", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal transplant" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34499", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Renin-Angiotensin system polymorphisms" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34500", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal transplant" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34501", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "RAS polymorphisms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34502", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "76" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34504", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effects of candesartan on diabetes glomerulopathy : a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . Our objective was to study the effects of candesartan on diabetic glomerulopathy in young normoalbuminuric and normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes in a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . In 13 patients aged 24 years at baseline , we evaluated blood pressure , kidney biopsies and kidney function tests at baseline and after 5 years of treatment . Kidney biopsies were examined with light and electron microscopy , glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow determined with inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearances . Two patients in the placebo group needed antihypertensive treatment because they developed microalbuminuria and/or hypertension , but no patient in the candesartan group did . A significant reduction in mesangial matrix volume and mesangial volume occurred in the candesartan group , although changes in morphological parameters were similar between groups . Office blood pressure was significantly lower in the candesartan group at follow-up than in the placebo group . Deterioration in morphological parameters observed in earlier studies of our patients did not become worse during treatment with candesartan or placebo . The effects of candesartan , with reduction in morphological parameters and lowering of blood pressure , might influence future treatment of glomerulopathy in type 1 diabetes patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1461 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34505", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34506", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34507", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34508", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34509", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34510", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34511", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34512", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34513", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34514", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34515", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34516", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diabetes glomerulopathy :" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34517", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diabetic glomerulopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34518", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "microalbuminuria and/or hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34519", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mesangial matrix volume and mesangial volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34520", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morphological parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34521", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Office blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34522", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morphological parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34523", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morphological parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34524", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lowering of blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1352, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34525", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "young normoalbuminuric and normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34527", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effects of early acupuncture on motor function of the limb in the severe head injury patients ] . UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE ; To observe the effects of early acupuncture on motor function of the limb in the severe head injury patients . METHODS Ninety-six patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group , 48 cases in each group . The patient in the control group were treated by routine treatment of neurosurgical operation and drug treatment ( Mannitol , Citioline Sodium , Cefeazidime , etc. ) . While the patient in the observation group were treated by the routine treatment and acupuncture treatment 48 h ( -1 ) week after operation in different stages with different acupoints selected when the situation was stable . The selected main points were Neiguan ( PC 6 ) , Qu-chi ( LI 11 ) , Waiguan ( TE 5 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) , Binao ( LI 14 ) , Jianyu ( LI 15 ) , Fengshi ( GB 31 ) , Xuehai ( SP 10 ) , Yinlingquan ( SP 9 ) , Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) , Taichong ( LR 3 ) , etc.. The limb motor function was evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment ( FMA ) scale before treatment and after 10-week treatment . RESULTS There was a significant improvement in the FMA score in the two groups after the treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . The comparison between the two groups after the treatment showed that the improvement of FMA score in the observation group was significantly better than the control group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Early acupuncture can improve the limb motor function in the severe head injury patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1541 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34528", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34529", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "early acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34530", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "neurosurgical operation and drug treatment (" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34531", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Mannitol" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34532", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34533", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Citioline Sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34534", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34535", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cefeazidime , etc." ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34536", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34537", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "routine treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34538", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 610, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34539", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "selected main points were Neiguan ( PC 6 ) , Qu-chi ( LI 11 ) , Waiguan ( TE 5 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) , Binao ( LI 14 ) , Jianyu ( LI 15 ) , Fengshi ( GB 31 ) , Xuehai ( SP 10 ) , Yinlingquan ( SP 9 ) , Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) , Taichong ( LR 3 ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34540", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "acupuncture" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34541", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "limb motor function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34542", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fugl-Meyer Assessment ( FMA ) scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34543", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FMA score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34544", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improvement of FMA score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1315, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34545", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "head injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34546", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Ninety-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34547", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "48" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34549", "type": "document", "text": [ "Controversies in the management of Hodgkin 's disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34550", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "management" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34551", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Hodgkin 's disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34553", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate \" fast-track \" elective open infrarenal aneurysm repair . BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fast-track programs have been introduced in many surgical fields to minimize postoperative morbidity and mortality . Morbidity after elective open infrarenal aneurysm repair is as high as 30 % ; mortality ranges up to 10 % . In terms of open infrarenal aneurysm repair , no randomized controlled trials exist to introduce and evaluate such patient care programs . MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved prospective randomization of 82 patients in a \" traditional \" and a \" fast-track \" treatment arm . Main differences consisted in preoperative bowel washout ( none vs. 3 l cleaning solution ) and analgesia ( patient controlled analgesia vs. patient controlled epidural analgesia ) . Study endpoints were morbidity and mortality , need for postoperative mechanical ventilation , and length of stay ( LOS ) on intensive care unit ( ICU ) . RESULTS The need for assisted postoperative ventilation was significantly higher in the traditional group ( 33.3 % vs. 5.4 % ; p = 0.011 ) . Median LOS on ICU was shorter in the fast-track group , 41 vs. 20 h. The rate of postoperative medical complications was significantly lower in the fast-track group , 16.2 % vs. 35.7 % ( p = 0.045 ) . CONCLUSION We introduced and evaluated an optimized patient care program for patients undergoing open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair which showed a significant advantage for \" fast-track \" patients in terms of postoperative morbidity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1553 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34554", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "\" fast-track \" elective open infrarenal aneurysm repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34555", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "fast-track" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34556", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "preoperative bowel washout" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34557", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "patient care program" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34558", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "postoperative morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34559", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34560", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34561", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34562", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34563", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34564", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "need for postoperative mechanical ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34565", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay ( LOS ) on intensive care unit ( ICU )" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34566", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "assisted postoperative ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34567", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Median LOS on ICU" ], "offsets": [ [ 1114, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34568", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "rate of postoperative medical complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34569", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34571", "type": "document", "text": [ "Chronology of panic and avoidance , age of onset in panic disorder , and prediction of treatment response . A report from the Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study . The relevance of the chronology between panic disorder and avoidance behavior and of an early , medium or late onset of panic disorder was tested . Groups from the sample of the cross-national collaborative panic study ( CNCPS ) were compared for differences in basic characteristics and for the ability to predict treatment response . Patients who developed avoidance behavior before the full syndrome of panic disorder had less often a full agoraphobia but were not different in their response to treatment . Patients with an early onset of panic disorder suffered more often from agoraphobia . The treatment response was similar in the groups with early , medium or late onset of panic disorder . Neither the chronology between panic disorder and avoidance behavior nor the age of onset of panic disorder predicted outcome in short-term treatment with alprazolam or imipramine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1050 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34572", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cross-national collaborative panic study" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34573", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34574", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34575", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "short-term treatment with alprazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34576", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34577", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "avoidance behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34578", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "panic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34579", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "agoraphobia" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34580", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "early onset of panic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34581", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "agoraphobia" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34582", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "treatment response" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34583", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "similar" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34584", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "early , medium or late onset of panic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34585", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "panic disorder and avoidance behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34586", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "age of onset of panic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34587", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "panic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34588", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "full syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34589", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "panic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34591", "type": "document", "text": [ "Microtensile bond strength of a repair composite to leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of a repair composite resin to a leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic ( Omega 900 , VITA ) submitted to two surface conditionings methods : 1 ) etching with hydrofluoric acid + silane application or 2 ) tribochemical silica coating . The null hypothesis is that both surface treatments can generate similar bond strengths . Ten ceramic blocks ( 6x6x6 mm ) were fabricated and randomly assigned to 2 groups ( n=5 ) , according to the conditioning method : G1- 10 % hydrofluoric acid application for 2 min plus rinsing and drying , followed by silane application for 30 s ; G2- airborne particle abrasion with 30 microm silica oxide particles ( CoJet-Sand ) for 20 s using a chairside air-abrasion device ( CoJet System ) , followed by silane application for 5 min . Single Bond adhesive system was applied to the surfaces and light cured ( 40 s ) . Z-250 composite resin was placed incrementally on the treated ceramic surface to build a 6x6x6 mm block . Bar specimens with an adhesive area of approximately 1 +/- 0.1 mm ( 2 ) were obtained from the composite-ceramic blocks ( 6 per block and 30 per group ) for microtensile testing . No statistically significant difference was observed between G1 ( 10.19 +/- 3.1 MPa ) and G2 ( 10.17 +/- 3.1 MPa ) ( p=0.982 ) ( Student 's t test ; á = 0.05 ) . The null hypothesis was , therefore , accepted . In conclusion , both surface conditioning methods provided similar microtensile bond strengths between the repair composite resin and the ceramic . Further studies using long-term aging procedures should be conducted ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1731 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34592", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etching with hydrofluoric acid + silane application" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34593", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tribochemical silica coating" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34594", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrofluoric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34595", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "silane" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34596", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "bond strengths" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34597", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "microtensile testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34598", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ten ceramic blocks ( 6x6x6 mm ) were fabricated and randomly assigned to 2 groups ( n=5 ) , according to the conditioning method : G1- 10 % hydrofluoric acid application for 2 min plus rinsing and drying , followed by silane application for 30" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34600", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ How to treat the relapse of NSCLC after surgery and chemotherapy ? IFTC 0702 randomized phase III study ] . BACKGROUND As chemotherapy gains wider acceptance for the treatment of earlier stages of NSCLC , particularly in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting , physicians face a growing population of high performance status patients who have relapsed after their first-line chemotherapy . The type of second-line chemotherapy after initial adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment with a platinum-based regimen remains largely undefined . The current study has been designed to compare the classical mono chemotherapy docetaxel with a docetaxel cisplatin doublet . METHODS Patients will be randomized in 2 arms . Arm : docetaxel cisplatin ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . Arm B : docetaxel alone ( cycles repeated every 21 days ) , 4 cycles followed by 2 cycles of docetaxel alone in case of objective response or stabilisation . EXPECTED RESULTS 300 patients will be randomized with a statistical hypothesis of a progression free survival of 3 months in the control arm and of 4.5 months in the experimental arm ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1210 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34601", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "second-line chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34602", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "platinum-based regimen" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34603", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mono chemotherapy docetaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34604", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docetaxel cisplatin doublet" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34605", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docetaxel cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34606", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "docetaxel alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34607", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relapse of NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34608", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34610", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of erythromycin and gentamicin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves . BACKGROUND Commonly used dosage protocols for antimicrobial agents may alter the rate of gastric emptying . HYPOTHESIS Parenteral administration of erythromycin increases and gentamicin decreases the rate of abomasal emptying . ANIMALS Five male Holstein-Friesian calves ( 8-15 days of age ) . METHODS Calves received each of the following 4 IM treatments in random order : control , 2 mL of 0.9 % NaCl ; erythromycin , 8.8 mg/kg ; low-dose gentamicin , 4.4 mg/kg ; high-dose gentamicin , 6.6 mg/kg . Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by acetaminophen and glucose absorption . Calves were fed 2 L of cow 's milk containing acetaminophen ( 50 mg/kg body weight ) 30 minutes after each treatment was administered , and jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after suckling . The maximum observed plasma acetaminophen concentration ( actual C ( max ) ) and time of actual C ( max ) ( actual T ( max ) ) were determined , and pharmacokinetic modeling was used to calculate model C ( max ) and model T ( max ) . RESULTS Erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate , as indicated by a shorter time to actual T ( max ) and model T ( max ) ( P < .05 ) . Abomasal emptying rate after injection of low-dose gentamicin was similar to that of control . Administration of high-dose gentamicin resulted in a longer time to actual T ( max ) ( P= .021 ) but did not change model T ( max ) ( P= .62 ) . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IM injection of erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate in dairy calves , whereas low-dose and high-dose gentamicin did not alter the rate of abomasal emptying as measured by acetaminophen kinetics and glucose absorption . The clinical relevance of these findings remains to be determined ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1823 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34611", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34612", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gentamicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34613", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34614", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34615", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34616", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-dose gentamicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34617", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose gentamicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34618", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34619", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "abomasal emptying rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gastric emptying" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abomasal emptying" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Abomasal emptying" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34623", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acetaminophen and glucose absorption" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 661 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34624", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma acetaminophen concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34625", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time of actual C ( max ) ( actual T ( max ) )" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34626", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abomasal emptying rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34627", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Abomasal emptying rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34628", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to actual T ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1193, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34629", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "model T ( max )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34630", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abomasal emptying rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34631", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of abomasal emptying" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34633", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ 4 years ' experience with a balloon-expandable endoprosthesis . Experimental and clinical application ] . During a 4-year period of clinical application of the balloon-expandable Palmaz stent , a randomized trial comparing stent implantation and traditional balloon angioplasty of iliac arteries in arterial occlusive disease was started . The first long-term results , recorded after 2 years , indicate statistically significant differences in the complication rate ( after stenting 2/62 and after angioplasty 5/69 ) and patency ( greater than or equal to 70 % of original lumen size upon stent implantation or balloon inflation : 95 % after stenting and 72 % after angioplasty ) . Clinical improvement after 2 years was 89 % after stenting and 70 % after angioplasty . Parallel to the clinical trials , experimental canine artery stenting was performed to evaluate differences in the long-term patency of stents exposed to restricted flow . Significant differences in neointimal healing were found between normally perfused stents and stents with artificially reduced flow : during the total observation period of 6 months the neointimal height was up to 200 % higher in flow-restricted stents , while the histological composition of the neointima was the same as with normally perfused stents ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1299 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34634", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "balloon-expandable endoprosthesis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34635", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "balloon-expandable Palmaz stent" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34636", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "stent implantation and traditional balloon angioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34637", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34638", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34640", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neointimal healing" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34641", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neointimal height" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34642", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histological composition of the neointima" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34643", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "[ 4 years ' experience with a balloon-expandable endoprosthesis . Experimental and clinical application ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34644", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "iliac arteries in arterial occlusive disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34645", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stenting 2/62" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34646", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "angioplasty 5/69 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34647", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "clinical trials" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34649", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of food on the antiviral activity of didanosine enteric-coated capsules : a pilot comparative study . OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of food on the antiviral activity of enteric-coated ( EC ) capsules of didanosine ( ddI ) . METHODS We conducted a pilot , randomized , open-label study of 28-day ddI-EC capsules monotherapy-administered in a fasted state ( group 1 , n=11 ) or with food ( group 2 , n=10 ) to treatment-naïve chronically HIV-1-infected individuals . To assess the antiviral efficacy , HIV-1 RNA was determined at baseline , day 3 , day 7 and weekly thereafter . The area under the HIV-1 RNA curve minus baseline weighted by time ( AUCMB/day ) was calculated . RESULTS Mean baseline HIV-1 RNA was 4.2 log ( 10 ) copies/mL in group 1 and 3.8 log ( 10 ) copies/mL in group 2 . After 28 days , the mean HIV-1 RNA reduction was 0.99 log ( 10 ) copies/mL [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.45-1.53 ] for group 1 and 0.89 log ( 10 ) copies/mL ( 95 % CI 0.38-1.40 ) for group 2 . AUCMB/day values were 0.775 log ( 10 ) copies/mL ( 95 % CI 0.33-1.22 ) and 0.774 log ( 10 ) copies/mL ( 95 % CI 0.48-1.07 ) , respectively , showing no difference in the rate of decrease of HIV-1 RNA ( P=0.995 ) . Mean ddI plasma levels at day 28 were 0.0234 mg/L for group 1 and 0.0227 mg/L for group 2 ( P=0.96 ) . CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study , the administration of food did not have any significant effect on the antiviral activity of ddI-EC capsules ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1460 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34650", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "food" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34651", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine enteric-coated capsules" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34652", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "food" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34653", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enteric-coated ( EC ) capsules of didanosine ( ddI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34654", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ddI-EC capsules monotherapy-administered" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34655", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "fasted state" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34656", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with food" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34657", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antiviral activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34659", "type": "document", "text": [ "Safety and tolerability of cold-adapted influenza vaccine , trivalent , in infants younger than 6 months of age . OBJECTIVE Young children are at high risk for influenza-related complications . Vaccination of close household contacts is recommended to provide indirect protection to children < 6 months of age . Studies have shown that live , cold-adapted influenza vaccine , trivalent , is efficacious in children . To assess the risks associated with inadvertent exposure of infants to vaccine viruses from vaccinated contacts , this study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of cold-adapted influenza vaccine , trivalent , administered intranasally to healthy children 6 to < 24 weeks of age . METHODS Healthy infants aged 6 to < 16 weeks and 16 to < 24 weeks , respectively , were randomly assigned to receive 2 doses of influenza vaccine , or placebo intranasally 35 +/- 7 days apart . Reactogenicity events were monitored for 11 days after each dose . Other adverse events were monitored through 28 to 35 days after dose 2 . RESULTS Of the infants aged 6 to < 16 weeks , 31 received influenza vaccine and 28 received placebo , and of those aged 16 to < 24 weeks , 30 received influenza vaccine and 31 received placebo . In the 6- to < 16-week cohort , more influenza vaccine , recipients experienced irritability ( 66.7 % vs 35.7 % ) and runny nose or nasal congestion ( 63.3 % vs 33.3 % ) after dose 1 but not dose 2 . There were no significant increases in any other reactogenicity events or adverse events in the vaccine recipients compared with the placebo group . CONCLUSIONS Although there was an increase in mild reactogenicity events in children 6 to < 16 weeks of age , cold-adapted influenza vaccine , trivalent , was generally well tolerated in infants 6 to < 24 weeks of age . These findings support further evaluation of cold-adapted influenza vaccine , trivalent , in infants < 6 months of age ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1932 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34660", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine , trivalent" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34661", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34662", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34663", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2 doses of influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34664", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34665", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34666", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34667", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34668", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34669", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34670", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34671", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34672", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Safety and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34673", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34674", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "irritability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34675", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "runny nose or nasal congestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34676", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "reactogenicity events or adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34677", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "mild reactogenicity events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34678", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants younger than 6 months of age" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34679", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Young children" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34680", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children < 6 months of age" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34681", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34682", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children 6 to < 24 weeks of age" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34683", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34684", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants aged 6 to < 16 weeks and 16 to < 24 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34685", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "6 to < 16 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34686", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "16 to < 24 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34687", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "6 to < 16 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34688", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "6 to < 24 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34689", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "6 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34691", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma : comparison of three staging systems in two French clinical trials . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the performance of three staging systems [ Okuda , Cancer of the Liver Italian Program ( CLIP ) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group ( BCLC ) ] , for predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) and to explore how to improve prognostic classification among French patients with HCC whose main etiology is alcoholic cirrhosis . METHODS We have pooled two randomized clinical trials in palliative condition from the Fédération Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive . They had included 416 and 122 patients . Performances of Okuda , CLIP and BCLC scores have been compared using Akaike information criterion , discriminatory ability ( Harrell 's C and the Royston 's D statistics ) , monotonicity of gradients and predictive accuracy ( Schemper statistics Vs ) . To explore how to improve classifications , univariate and multivariate Cox model analyses were carried out . RESULTS The pooled database included 538 patients . The median survival was 5.3 months ( 95 % confidence interval 4.6-6.2 ) . For all statistics CLIP staging system had a better prognostic ability . Performances of all staging systems were rather disappointing . World Health Organization performance status ( WHO PS ) for CLIP or alpha-fetoprotein for BCLC allowed a significant improvement of prognostic information . CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CLIP staging seems to be most adapted to palliative setting and that it could be better by associating WHO PS ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1635 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34692", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "three staging systems [ Okuda , Cancer of the Liver Italian Program ( CLIP ) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group ( BCLC ) ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34693", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34694", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced hepatocellular carcinoma :" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34695", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Cancer of the Liver Italian Program ( CLIP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34696", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group ( BCLC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34697", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34698", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "We have pooled two randomized clinical trials in palliative condition from the Fédération Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34699", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "416 and 122 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34700", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "included 538 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34702", "type": "document", "text": [ "Closure of the femoral artery after cardiac catheterization : a comparison of Angio-Seal , StarClose , and manual compression . OBJECTIVES To compare Angio-Seal ( AS ) and StarClose ( SC ) and manual compression ( MC ) on efficacy of hemostasis , complication rate , safety of early mobilization , and patient comfort . BACKGROUND Closure of the femoral artery after cardiac catheterization can be obtained through different methods . Today , physicians can choose from a number of different devices to achieve arterial closure . METHODS In a prospective trial 450 patients were randomized to AS , SC , or MC . Patients were mobilized 1 to 2 hr after device placement , and 6 hr after MC . Data were collected during hospital admission and by telephone at one month after hospital discharge . RESULTS Devices were used in 138/150 allocated to AS and 124/150 allocated to SC patients ( 92 % vs. 83 % , P = 0.015 ) Patients with MC experienced more pain during sheath removal than patients receiving a device , and rated their period of bed rest as less comfortable . Oozing and need for pressure bandage at the puncture site were observed in 37 AS patients and 57 SC patients ( 25 % vs. 38 % , P = 0.002 ) . Hematoma occurred in 15 AS patients , in 17 SC patients , and in 14 MC patients ( 11 vs. 14 vs. 9 % , ns ) . CONCLUSION There is no difference in safety between the three methods of arterial closure . SC was more often not used or successfully deployed . SC patients more often had continuing oozing . On patient comfort , closure devices performed better than MC . Early ambulation in patients with a closure device is safe . AS is the preferred method of arterial closure after cardiac catheterization ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1712 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34703", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Angio-Seal ( AS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34704", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "StarClose ( SC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34705", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "manual compression ( MC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34706", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "AS" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34707", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "SC" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34708", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "MC" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34709", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "MC" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34710", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "efficacy of hemostasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34711", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34712", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety of early mobilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34713", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient comfort" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34714", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain during sheath removal" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34715", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "period of bed rest" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34716", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Oozing and need for pressure bandage at the puncture site" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34717", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Hematoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34718", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34719", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oozing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34720", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient comfort" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34722", "type": "document", "text": [ "Split-face comparison of the erbium micropeel with intense pulsed light . BACKGROUND A variety of photorejuvenative techniques have been utilized to reverse the signs of cutaneous photoaging , including ablative and nonablative laser resurfacing as well as light-based devices . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this split-face randomized prospective open-label trial was to determine the effectiveness of sequential erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet ( Er : YAG ) laser versus intense pulsed light ( IPL ) for the treatment of mild to moderate facial photodamage . MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten subjects ( ages 35-63 ) with facial dyschromia and rhytides were enrolled . Study patients were randomized to the two treatment arms , Er : YAG ( 3.8 J/cm ( 2 ) , 30 % pattern overlap , 0 % interpulse overlap , 15 microm per pass with no coagulation ) and IPL ( 560-nm filter , 30 J/cm ( 2 ) , 2.4/4.0-ms pulse with 10-ms delay ) , each receiving three sequential treatments spaced 1 month apart . Subjective and blinded physician evaluations were performed at baseline and 4 , 8 , and 20 weeks posttreatment using a nominal scale from 1 to 4 . Erythema and adverse events were assessed 1 week following each treatment . RESULTS Ten female subjects with mild to moderate facial photodamage were treated with one pass of either IPL or Er : YAG in a split-face fashion . Patients received three treatments each spaced 1 month apart . Nine of 10 patients completed the trial ; 1 withdrew due to pain during the second Er : YAG treatment . Baseline subjective and blinded physician dyschromia and rhytid scores revealed no significant difference between the IPL and Er : YAG randomly assigned sides . Up to three IPL or Er : YAG treatments did not result in a significant improvement in rhytid scores . Subjective and blinded physician dyschromia scores improved 26 and 38 % , respectively , 3 months after the final IPL treatment , but only by 7 and 29 % , respectively , with Er : YAG . Subjective global facial appearance scores worsened by 5 % while blinded physician scores improved by 16 % 3 months after 3 Er : YAG treatments , but by 28 and 20 % for IPL , respectively . The overall incidence of adverse events and subsequent downtime was increased for Er : YAG ( 1/10 patients experienced hyperpigmentation , 3/10 exfoliation , 1/10 blistering , and 5/10 discomfort ) compared to IPL ( 1/10 exfoliation and 1/10 discomfort ) , although no permanent side effects were observed with either treatment arm . CONCLUSIONS While low-fluence erbium resurfacing has a modest effect on facial photodamage , patients preferred IPL because it resulted in less downtime . The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2725 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34723", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "erbium micropeel with intense pulsed light ." ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34724", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sequential erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet ( Er : YAG ) laser versus intense pulsed light ( IPL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34725", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Er : YAG" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34726", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pattern overlap" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34727", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "interpulse overlap" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34728", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "IPL" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34729", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1474, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34730", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blinded physician dyschromia and rhytid scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34731", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Subjective and blinded physician dyschromia scores improved" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34732", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Subjective global facial appearance scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1967, 2009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34733", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "overall incidence of adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 2161, 2196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34734", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subsequent downtime" ], "offsets": [ [ 2201, 2220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34735", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "hyperpigmentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2276, 2293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34736", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "exfoliation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2301, 2312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34737", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "blistering" ], "offsets": [ [ 2320, 2330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34738", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "discomfort" ], "offsets": [ [ 2342, 2352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34739", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate facial photodamage" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34740", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ten subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 578, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34741", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "( ages 35-63 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34742", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "facial dyschromia and rhytides" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34743", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ten" ], "offsets": [ [ 578, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34744", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34745", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate facial photodamage" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34746", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Nine of 10 patients completed the trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34748", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bevacizumab-augmented retinal laser photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy : a randomized double-masked clinical trial . PURPOSE To evaluate the additional therapeutic effect of single intravitreal bevacizumab injection on standard laser treatment in the management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy . METHODS A prospective , fellow-eye sham controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 eyes of 40 high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy type II diabetics . All cases received standard laser treatment according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol . Avastin-assigned eyes received 1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab ( Genentech Inc. , San Francisco , CA ) on the first session of their laser treatments . Fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline and at weeks 6 and 16 , and proliferative diabetic retinopathy regression was evaluated in a masked fashion . RESULTS The median age was 52 years ( range : 39-68 ) and 30 % of the participants were male . All patients were followed for 16 weeks . A total of 87.5 % of Avastin-injected eyes and 25 % of sham group showed complete regression at week 6 of follow-up ( p < 0.005 ) . However , at week 16 , PDR recurred in a sizable number of the Avastin-treated eyes , and the complete regression rate in the two groups became identical ( 25 % ; p=1.000 ) ; partial regression rates were 70 % vs 65 % . In the subgroup of Avastin-treated eyes , multivariate analysis identified hemoglobin A1c as the strongest predictor of proliferative diabetic retinopathy recurrence ( p=0.033 ) . CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal bevacizumab remarkably augmented the short-term response to scatter panretinal laser photocoagulation in high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy but the effect was short-lived , as many of the eyes showed rapid recurrence . Alternative dosing ( multiple and/or periodic intravitreal Avastin injections ) is recommended for further evaluation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1980 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34749", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bevacizumab-augmented" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34750", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "retinal laser photocoagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34751", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravitreal bevacizumab injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34752", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "standard laser treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34753", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34754", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34755", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Fluorescein angiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 786 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34756", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Avastin-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bevacizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Avastin" ], "offsets": [ [ 610, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34759", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete regression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34760", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34761", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete regression rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1286, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34762", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proliferative diabetic retinopathy recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34763", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rapid recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1842, 1858 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34765", "type": "document", "text": [ "Influence of two different resection techniques ( conventional liver resection versus anterior approach ) of liver metastases from colorectal cancer on hematogenous tumor cell dissemination - prospective randomized multicenter trial . BACKGROUND Surgical hepatic resection remains the treatment of choice for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer despite the use of alternative therapeutic strategies . Although this procedure provides long-term survival in a significant number of patients , 50-75 % of the patients develop intra- and/or extrahepatic recurrence . One possible reason for tumor recurrence may be intraoperative hematogenous tumor cell dissemination due to mechanical manipulation of the tumor during hepatic resection . Surgical technique may have an influence on hematogenous tumor cell spread . We hypothesize that hematogenous tumor cell dissemination may be reduced by using the anterior approach technique compared to conventional liver resection . METHODS/DESIGN This is a multi-centre prospective randomized controlled , superiority trial to compare two liver resection techniques of liver metastases from colorectal cancer . 150 patients will be included and randomized intraoperatively after surgical exploration just prior to resection . The primary objective is to compare the anterior approach with the conventional liver resection technique with regard to intraoperative haematogenous tumor cell dissemination . As secondary objectives we examine five year survival rates ( OS and DFS ) , blood loss , duration of operation , requirement of blood transfusions , morbidity rate , prognostic relevance of tumor cell detection in blood and bone marrow and the comparison of tumor cell detection by different detection methods . CONCLUSION This trial will answer the question whether there is an advantage for the anterior approach technique compared to the conventional resection group with regard to tumor cell dissemination . It will also add further information about prognostic differences , safety , advantages and disadvantages of each technique . TRIAL REGISTRATION Current controlled trials - ISRCTN45066244 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2160 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34766", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "conventional liver resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34767", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "anterior approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34768", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Surgical hepatic resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34769", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "liver resection techniques of liver metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34770", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "anterior approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34771", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "conventional liver resection technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34772", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "anterior approach technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34773", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1900, 1922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34774", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "five year survival rates ( OS and DFS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1493, 1532 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1535, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34776", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of operation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1548, 1569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34777", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "requirement of blood transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1572, 1605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34778", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "morbidity rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34779", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "prognostic relevance of tumor cell detection in blood and bone marrow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1625, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34781", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Specific T cell immune response in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with different doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine ] . OBJECTIVE To study the specific cellular immunoresponse of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the chronic hepatitis B patients treated with different doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine . METHODS Seventy-two chronic hepatitis B patients who did not use any anti-HBV drugs within 6 months were randomized into 3 groups ( 90 micrograms , 60 micrograms , and placebo ) in a ratio of 1:1:1 . The patients in different groups were treated with different doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in combination with IFN alpha 1b 50 micrograms with 3 times a week for 24 weeks . All patients were followed up for 24 weeks ( W24 ) . HBV DNA , HBeAg and liver functions were detected at different time points , and the number of cells that secrete IFN-gamma were detected by ELISPOT . RESULTS There were no significant difference in ELISPOT positive ratio among the 3 groups on baseline detection . At W24 , 12 cases , 12 cases , and 7 cases showed ELISPOT positive in the group of 90 micrograms , 60 micrograms , and placebo . The proportion of patients who were ELISPOT positive was higher in the groups treated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine ( including the dose of 90 micrograms and 60 micrograms ) than that in the placebo group ( P=0.0446 ) . HBV DNA turned negative in 6/24 of the patients treated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine ( at both the doses of 90 micrograms and 60 micrograms ) , and HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion or HBeAg became negative in 7/24 of them . In the placebo group , none of the patients showed undetectable HBV DNA , HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion or HBeAg disappearance . At the 24W of follow up , in the patients who were ELISPOT positive , HBV DNA became undetectable in 4 of the patients treated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine ( at doses of 90 micrograms and 60 micrograms ) , and HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion or HBeAg disappearance were found in 9 of the cases . In the placebo group , none of the cases showed undetectable HBV DNA , and only 1 case had HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion . CONCLUSION The recombinant hepatitis B vaccine may increase the function of specific T lymphocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B . There were no significant differences between the patients treated with the dose of 90 micrograms and 60 micrograms hepatitis B vaccine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2440 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34782", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant hepatitis B vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34783", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant hepatitis B vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34784", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo )" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34785", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "different doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in combination with IFN alpha 1b 50 micrograms with 3 times a week for 24 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant hepatitis B vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34787", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Specific T cell immune response" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34788", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "specific cellular immunoresponse" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34789", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA , HBeAg and liver functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34790", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "secrete IFN-gamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34791", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ELISPOT" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34792", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ELISPOT positive ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34793", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ELISPOT positive" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34794", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ELISPOT positive" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34795", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34796", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion or HBeAg" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34797", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "undetectable HBV DNA , HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion or HBeAg disappearance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34798", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ELISPOT positive" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34799", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34800", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34801", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBeAg disappearance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34802", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBV DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34803", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBeAg/Anti-HBe seroconversion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34804", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "function of specific T lymphocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 2229, 2263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34805", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34807", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effects of Kang Gang Qian Granule ( KGQG ) on clinical and pathological features in chronic hepatitis B patients ] . OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of KGQG and its therapeutic mechanisms in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver fibrosis . METHODS 57 chronic hepatitis B patients with liver fibrosis were randomly divided into two groups : 45 cases in KGQG group were treated by KGQG and routine medications ; 12 cases in control group were treated by routine medications only . Serum liver function test results , PCIII , CIV , HA and liver biopsy results of these 57 patients were simultaneously collected and analyzed before and after this intervention . RESULTS KGQG group showed better efficacy over control group in liver function recovery , decrease of serum PCIII , CIV , HA levels and liver pathologic grades ( P 0.05 or 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION The KGQG could effectively ameliorate liver function and facilitate the inhibition and degradation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients , which may be developed as a novel therapeusis to treat this hard-to-cure disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1089 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34808", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Kang Gang Qian Granule ( KGQG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34809", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "KGQG" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34810", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "KGQG" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34811", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "KGQG and routine medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34812", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "KGQG" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34813", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "KGQG" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34814", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical and pathological features" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34815", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum liver function test results , PCIII , CIV , HA and liver biopsy results" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34816", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34817", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "liver function recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34818", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum PCIII , CIV , HA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34819", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "liver pathologic grades" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 823 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34820", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34821", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34822", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34823", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "57" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34824", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34825", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34826", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34827", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34829", "type": "document", "text": [ "Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits metoclopramide stimulated aldosterone release in man . 1 . Atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) has an inhibitory effect on angiotensin II and ACTH stimulated aldosterone secretion in man . The selectivity of this aldosterone suppressing effect of ANF is unclear in man . The present study investigated the effect of ANF on the increase in plasma aldosterone due to metoclopramide in man . 2 . Eight normal male volunteers were studied on three occasions . Metoclopramide ( 10 mg slow i.v . ) was given on all study days and each volunteer was randomised to receive 45 min infusion of either 5 % D-glucose ( placebo ) or ANF ( 99-126 ) 3 or 15 pmol kg-1 min-1 . 3 . Metoclopramide increased plasma aldosterone to approximately 170 % of baseline levels ( P less than 0.01 ) . Concomitant infusion of ANF 3 pmol kg-1 min-1 and 15 pmol kg-1 min-1 significantly attenuated this rise in plasma aldosterone to approximately 130 % ( P less than 0.05 ) and 110 % ( P less than 0.01 ) of baseline values respectively . 4 . It is suggested , in the light of previous findings , that the inhibitory effect of ANF represents a non-selective action of ANF on aldosterone release ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1199 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34830", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34831", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34832", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 % D-glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34833", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34834", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34835", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pmol" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34836", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34837", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ANF 3" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34838", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aldosterone release" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34839", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiotensin II and ACTH stimulated aldosterone secretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34840", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34841", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma aldosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34843", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aldosterone release ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34844", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "man" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34845", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "man" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34846", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34847", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normal" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34848", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34850", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term retention on treatment with lumiracoxib 100 mg once or twice daily compared with celecoxib 200 mg once daily : a randomised controlled trial in patients with osteoarthritis . BACKGROUND The efficacy , safety and tolerability of lumiracoxib , a novel selective cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) inhibitor , has been demonstrated in previous studies of patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) . As it is important to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of treatments for a chronic disease such as OA , the present study compared the effects of lumiracoxib at doses of 100 mg once daily ( o.d . ) and 100 mg twice daily ( b.i.d . ) with those of celecoxib 200 mg o.d . on retention on treatment over 1 year . METHODS In this 52-week , multicentre , randomised , double-blind , parallel-group study , male and female patients ( aged at least 40 years ) with symptomatic primary OA of the hip , knee , hand or spine were randomised ( 1:2:1 ) to lumiracoxib 100 mg o.d . ( n = 755 ) , lumiracoxib 100 mg b.i.d . ( n = 1,519 ) or celecoxib 200 mg o.d . ( n = 758 ) . The primary objective of the study was to demonstrate non-inferiority of lumiracoxib at either dose compared with celecoxib 200 mg o.d . with respect to the 1-year retention on treatment rate . Secondary outcome variables included OA pain in the target joint , patient 's and physician 's global assessments of disease activity , Short Arthritis assessment Scale ( SAS ) total score , rescue medication use , and safety and tolerability . RESULTS Retention rates at 1 year were similar for the lumiracoxib 100 mg o.d. , lumiracoxib 100 mg b.i.d . and celecoxib 200 mg o.d . groups ( 46.9 % vs 47.5 % vs 45.3 % , respectively ) . It was demonstrated that retention on treatment with lumiracoxib at either dose was non-inferior to celecoxib 200 mg o.d . Similarly , Kaplan-Meier curves for the probability of premature discontinuation from the study for any reason were similar across the treatment groups . All three treatments generally yielded comparable results for the secondary efficacy variables and all treatments were well tolerated . CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with lumiracoxib 100 mg o.d. , the recommended dose for OA , was as effective and well tolerated as celecoxib 200 mg o.d . in patients with OA . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT00145301 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2336 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34851", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34852", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib at doses of 100 mg once daily ( o.d . ) and 100 mg twice daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34855", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib 200 mg o.d ." ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34858", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34860", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34862", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34863", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34864", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lumiracoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34865", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "celecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34866", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "non-inferiority" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34867", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "1-year retention on treatment rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Retention rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1514, 1529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34869", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "retention" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34870", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2097, 2106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2097, 2106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34872", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with osteoarthritis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34873", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34875", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized , controlled trial of Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes : maintenance and generalization of effects on parent-adolescent communication . We report a randomized trial of a revised Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes ( BFST-D ) intervention . Families of 104 adolescents with diabetes were randomized to standard care ( SC ) or to 6 months of an educational support group ( ES ) or BFST-D. Family communication and problem-solving skills were assessed at 0 , 6 , 12 , and 18 months by independent rating of videotaped family problem-solving discussions . BFST-D improved individual communication of adolescents and mothers , but not fathers . BFST-D significantly improved quality of family interaction compared to SC ( 10 of 12 comparisons ) and ES ( 6 of 12 comparisons ) . Changes in family communication were differentially associated with changes in glycemic control , adherence , and family conflict . BFST-D improved family communication and problem solving relative to SC and modestly relative to ES ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1042 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34876", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "Behavioral Family Systems Therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34877", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes ( BFST-D ) intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34878", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "standard care ( SC ) or to 6 months of an educational support group ( ES ) or BFST-D." ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34879", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "BFST-D" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34880", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Family communication" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34881", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "problem-solving skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34882", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "communication of adolescents and mothers , but not fathers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34883", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "quality of family interaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34884", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycemic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 904 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34885", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "adherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34886", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "family conflict" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34887", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "family communication" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34888", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "problem solving" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34889", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Diabetes :" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34890", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "104" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34891", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34892", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34894", "type": "document", "text": [ "Allopurinol improves endothelial function and reduces oxidant-inflammatory enzyme of myeloperoxidase in metabolic syndrome . OBJECTIVE In this study , we tested in patients with metabolic syndrome whether allopurinol through decreasing oxidative stress improves endothelial function , and ameliorates inflammatory state represented by markers of myeloperoxidase , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and fibrinogen . METHODS In a randomized , double-blind fashion ; subjects with metabolic syndrome were treated with allopurinol ( n = 28 ) or placebo ( n = 22 ) for one month . Before and after treatment , blood samples were collected and the flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) and isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) -mediated dilation of the brachial artery were performed . RESULTS Baseline clinical characteristics of the allopurinol and placebo groups demonstrated no differences in terms of clinical characteristics , endothelial function and inflammatory markers . After the treatment with allopurinol , FMD was increased from 8.0 +/- 0.5 % to 11.8 +/- 0.6 % ( P < 0.01 ) , but there were no change in the placebo group . In both groups , ISDN-mediated dilation is unaffected by the treatment . As a marker of oxidative stress , allopurinol significantly reduced malondialdehyde . Moreover , myeloperoxidase levels were reduced by the treatment with allopurinol ( 56.1 +/- 3.4 ng/ml vs. 44.4 +/- 2.4 ng/ml , P < 0.05 ) but there were no change in the placebo group . Surprisingly , neither CRP nor fibrinogen levels were affected by the treatment in both groups . CONCLUSION Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition by allopurinol in patients with metabolic syndrome reduces oxidative stress , improves endothelial function , ameliorates myeloperoxidase levels and does not have any effect on CRP and fibrinogen levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1803 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34895", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Allopurinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34896", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "allopurinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34897", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34898", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34899", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "allopurinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34900", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "flow-mediated dilation ( FMD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34901", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) -mediated dilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34902", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34903", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ", endothelial function" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34904", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "inflammatory markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34905", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FMD" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34906", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ISDN-mediated dilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34907", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced malondialdehyde" ], "offsets": [ [ 1244, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34908", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myeloperoxidase levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34909", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CRP nor fibrinogen levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1479, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34910", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oxidative stress , improves endothelial function , ameliorates myeloperoxidase levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1658, 1743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34911", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metabolic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34912", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metabolic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34913", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metabolic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34914", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34915", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "22" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34917", "type": "document", "text": [ "The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PHX1149 improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . AIM To determine the efficacy and tolerability of PHX1149 , a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ( DPP4 ) inhibitor , in patients with type 2 diabetes . METHODS This is a multicentre , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 4-week study in patients with type 2 diabetes with suboptimal metabolic control . Patients with a baseline haemoglobin A ( 1c ) ( HbA ( 1c ) ) of 7.3 to 11.0 % were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 to receive once-daily oral therapy with either PHX1149 ( 100 , 200 or 400 mg ) or placebo ; patients were on a constant background therapy of either metformin alone or metformin plus a glitazone . RESULTS Treatment with 100 , 200 or 400 mg of PHX1149 significantly decreased postprandial glucose area under the curve AUC ( 0-2 h ) by approximately 20 % ( +0.11 +/- 0.50 , -2.08 +/- 0.51 , -1.73 +/- 0.49 and -1.88 +/- 0.48 mmol/l x h , respectively , for placebo and 100 , 200 and 400 mg ( p = 0.002 , 0.008 and 0.004 vs. placebo ) . Postprandial AUC ( 0-2 h ) of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 , the principal mediator of the biological effects of DPP4 inhibitors , was increased by 3.90 +/- 2.83 , 11.63 +/- 2.86 , 16.42 +/- 2.72 and 15.75 +/- 2.71 pmol/l x h , respectively , for placebo and 100 , 200 and 400 mg ( p = 0.053 , 0.001 and 0.002 vs. placebo ) . Mean HbA ( 1c ) was lower in all dose groups ; the placebo-corrected change in the groups receiving 400 mg PHX1149 was -0.28 % ( p = 0.02 ) . DPP4 inhibition on day 28 was 53 , 73 and 78 % at 24 h postdose in the groups receiving 100 , 200 and 400 mg PHX1149 , respectively . There were no differences in adverse events between PHX1149-treated and placebo subjects . CONCLUSIONS Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1969 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34918", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PHX1149" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PHX1149" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34920", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PHX1149 ( 100 , 200 or 400 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34921", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34922", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose control" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34923", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34924", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postprandial glucose area under the curve AUC ( 0-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34925", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Postprandial AUC ( 0-2 h ) of intact glucagon-like peptide-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34926", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean HbA ( 1c )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34927", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DPP4 inhibition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34928", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1705, 1719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34929", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1918, 1932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34930", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improved blood glucose control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1937, 1969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34931", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34932", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34933", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes with suboptimal metabolic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34934", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "baseline haemoglobin A ( 1c ) ( HbA ( 1c ) ) of 7.3 to 11.0 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34935", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "type 2 diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34937", "type": "document", "text": [ "Desogestrel and gestodene in oral contraceptives : 12 months ' assessment of carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism . We examined the influence on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism of oral contraceptives ( OCs ) containing two new third-generation progestogens , desogestrel and gestodene . This was a prospective randomized study in which monophasic combinations of 20 micrograms ethinyl estradiol ( E2 ) and 150 micrograms desogestrel or 30 micrograms ethinyl E2 plus 75 micrograms gestodene were administered to 15 and 19 healthy women , respectively . An oral glucose tolerance test including measurement of insulin response was performed before treatment and after 3 , 6 , and 12 months of treatment . We also determined fasting plasma concentrations of total cholesterol ; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , including the subfractions high-density lipoprotein2 cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein3 cholesterol ; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ; very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ; and triglycerides . A transient deterioration of glucose tolerance was observed despite unchanged levels of insulin after treatment with both compounds for 3 months . In both groups plasma levels of triglycerides , very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly after 3 months . After 12 months , a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was observed in the ethinyl E2-desogestrel group , and no persistent changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol could be demonstrated in any of the groups . Our results indicate that treatment with either compound for 12 months has no effect on carbohydrate or lipoprotein metabolism known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1806 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34938", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral contraceptives ( OCs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34939", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "progestogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desogestrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34941", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gestodene" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34942", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethinyl estradiol ( E2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34943", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desogestrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethinyl E2 plus 75 micrograms gestodene" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34945", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34946", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "oral glucose tolerance test" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34947", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fasting plasma concentrations of total cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34948", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34949", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "including the subfractions high-density lipoprotein2 cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein3 cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34950", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34951", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34952", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "triglycerides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34953", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "transient deterioration of glucose tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34955", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma levels of triglycerides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34956", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34958", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34959", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low-density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34960", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carbohydrate or lipoprotein metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1713, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34961", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "15 and 19 healthy women , respectively ." ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34963", "type": "document", "text": [ "Nurse and patient communication profiles in a home-based telehealth intervention for heart failure management . OBJECTIVE This study compared differences in nurse and patient communication profiles between two telehealth modes : telephone and videophone , and evaluated longitudinal changes in communication , nurse perceptions , and patient satisfaction . METHODS Subjects were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating a 90-day home-based intervention for heart failure . Telephone ( n=14 ) and videophone ( n=14 ) interactions were audio taped and analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System . RESULTS Nurses were more likely to use open-ended questions , back-channel responses , friendly jokes , and checks for understanding on the telephone compared to videophone . Compliments given and partnership were more common on the videophone . Patients were more likely to give lifestyle information and approval comments on the telephone , and used more closed-ended questions on the videophone . Nurses perceptions of the interactions were not different between the telephone and videophone , nor did their perceptions change significantly over the course of the intervention . There were no significant differences in patient satisfaction between the telephone and videophone . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study did not support use of a videophone over the telephone . PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is critical to match technologies to patient needs and use the least complex technology possible . When considering use a videophone , health care providers should critically examine the trade-offs between additional complexities with the added value of the visual interaction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1707 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34964", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "telephone" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34965", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34966", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Telephone" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34967", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34968", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Roter Interaction Analysis System" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34969", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "telephone" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34970", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34971", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "telephone" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34972", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34973", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34974", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34975", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34976", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "telephone" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34977", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "videophone" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34978", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Nurse and patient communication profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34979", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "nurse and patient communication profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34980", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "longitudinal changes in communication" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34981", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "nurse perceptions" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34982", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34983", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Roter Interaction Analysis System" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34984", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "use open-ended questions , back-channel responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34985", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "friendly jokes" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34986", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "checks for understanding" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34987", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Compliments given and partnership" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34988", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "give lifestyle information and approval comments" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34989", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "closed-ended questions" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34990", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Nurses perceptions of the interactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34991", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "perceptions" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34992", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34993", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=14" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34994", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=14" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "34996", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of sport-tinted contact lenses for contrast enhancement on retinal straylight measurements . PURPOSE To investigate the effect of two tinted contact lenses ( CL ) designed for outdoor sports activity on the psychometric determination of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method . METHODS Thirteen emmetropic subjects were randomly fitted with two different tinted Nike Maxsight ( Bausch & Lomb , Rochester , NY , USA ) CL in one eye , while the contralateral eye was fitted with a clear lens made of the same material ( Optima 38 , Bausch & Lomb ) . Three valid straylight measurements were taken on each eye before and a few minutes after lens insertion , when lens stabilization had occurred . RESULTS The subjects ' mean straylight values were 0.90 +/- 0.09 at baseline and 0.95 +/- 0.10 with the clear Optima 38 CL . Straylight values were 0.97 +/- 0.10 and 1.0 +/- 0.10 log units with the amber and grey-green tinted CL , respectively . Differences in straylight between baseline ( without CL ) and with the clear CL in place were neither statistically significant ( p = 0.066 ) nor was there a significant difference between baseline and the amber CL ( p = 0.052 ) . However , the grey-green CL showed a statistically significant difference from baseline ( p = 0.006 ) . Differences in straylight with the clear CL compared with the grey-green CL were also statistically different from zero ( p = 0.002 ) showing an increased straylight value for the tinted CL . These differences were variable , but consistent for each subject , thus those showing higher or lower changes with one tinted lens tended to show the same trend with the second lens ( r ( 2 ) = 0.736 ) . CONCLUSIONS Despite increases having been found in straylight values with tinted contact lenses , those changes are not likely to induce clinically significant changes in visual function under photopic conditions , even for the grey-green CL , which seems to increase straylight values more significantly than the amber CL . This difference between the tinted CL could suggest a wavelength dependence of straylight values , although this should be investigated further by controlling for pupil size and subjects ' pigmentation , as well as by using neutral density filters ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2274 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34997", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sport-tinted contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34998", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "tinted contact lenses ( CL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "34999", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "two different tinted Nike Maxsight ( Bausch & Lomb , Rochester , NY , USA ) CL in one eye" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35000", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "contralateral eye was fitted with a clear lens made of the same material" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35001", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "straylight measurements" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35002", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean straylight values" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35003", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Straylight values" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35004", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "straylight value" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35005", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "35006", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "emmetropic" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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