|
--- |
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license: cc |
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configs: |
|
- config_name: afr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- afr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ain |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ain.json.gz |
|
- config_name: alt |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- alt.json.gz |
|
- config_name: amh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- amh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ang |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ang.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ara |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ara.json.gz |
|
- config_name: arn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- arn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: arq |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- arq.json.gz |
|
- config_name: arz |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- arz.json.gz |
|
- config_name: asm |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- asm.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ast |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ast.json.gz |
|
- config_name: avk |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- avk.json.gz |
|
- config_name: awa |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- awa.json.gz |
|
- config_name: aze |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- aze.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bak |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bak.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bar |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bar.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bel |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bel.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ben |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ben.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ber |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ber.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bos |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bos.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bre |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bre.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bua |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bua.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bul |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bul.json.gz |
|
- config_name: bzt |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- bzt.json.gz |
|
- config_name: cat |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- cat.json.gz |
|
- config_name: cbk |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- cbk.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ceb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ceb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ces |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ces.json.gz |
|
- config_name: cha |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- cha.json.gz |
|
- config_name: chv |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- chv.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ckb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ckb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: cmn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- cmn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: cor |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- cor.json.gz |
|
- config_name: csb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- csb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: cym |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- cym.json.gz |
|
- config_name: dan |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- dan.json.gz |
|
- config_name: deu |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- deu.json.gz |
|
- config_name: dsb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- dsb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: dtp |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- dtp.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ell |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ell.json.gz |
|
- config_name: eng |
|
default: true |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- eng.json.gz |
|
- config_name: enm |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- enm.json.gz |
|
- config_name: epo |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- epo.json.gz |
|
- config_name: est |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- est.json.gz |
|
- config_name: eus |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- eus.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ext |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ext.json.gz |
|
- config_name: fao |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- fao.json.gz |
|
- config_name: fin |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- fin.json.gz |
|
- config_name: fkv |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- fkv.json.gz |
|
- config_name: fra |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- fra.json.gz |
|
- config_name: frr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- frr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: fry |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- fry.json.gz |
|
- config_name: gcf |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- gcf.json.gz |
|
- config_name: gla |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- gla.json.gz |
|
- config_name: gle |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- gle.json.gz |
|
- config_name: glg |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- glg.json.gz |
|
- config_name: gos |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- gos.json.gz |
|
- config_name: grc |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- grc.json.gz |
|
- config_name: grn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- grn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: guc |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- guc.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hau |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hau.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hbo |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hbo.json.gz |
|
- config_name: heb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- heb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hin |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hin.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hoc |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hoc.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hrv |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hrv.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hrx |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hrx.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hsb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hsb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hun |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hun.json.gz |
|
- config_name: hye |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- hye.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ido |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ido.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ile |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ile.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ilo |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ilo.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ina |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ina.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ind |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ind.json.gz |
|
- config_name: isl |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- isl.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ita |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ita.json.gz |
|
- config_name: izh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- izh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: jav |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- jav.json.gz |
|
- config_name: jbo |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- jbo.json.gz |
|
- config_name: jpn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- jpn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kab |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kab.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kas |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kas.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kat |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kat.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kaz |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kaz.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kbd |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kbd.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kha |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kha.json.gz |
|
- config_name: khm |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- khm.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kir |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kir.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kmr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kmr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: knc |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- knc.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kor |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kor.json.gz |
|
- config_name: krc |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- krc.json.gz |
|
- config_name: kzj |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- kzj.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lad |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lad.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lat |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lat.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ldn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ldn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lfn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lfn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lij |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lij.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lin |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lin.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lit |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lit.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ltz |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ltz.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lvs |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lvs.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lzh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lzh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: lzz |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- lzz.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mal |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mal.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mar |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mar.json.gz |
|
- config_name: max |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- max.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mfa |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mfa.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mhr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mhr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mkd |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mkd.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mlt |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mlt.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mon |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mon.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mri |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mri.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mus |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mus.json.gz |
|
- config_name: mya |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- mya.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nds |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nds.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nld |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nld.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nnb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nnb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nno |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nno.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nob |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nob.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nog |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nog.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nov |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nov.json.gz |
|
- config_name: npi |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- npi.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nst |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nst.json.gz |
|
- config_name: nus |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- nus.json.gz |
|
- config_name: oci |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- oci.json.gz |
|
- config_name: orv |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- orv.json.gz |
|
- config_name: oss |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- oss.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ota |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ota.json.gz |
|
- config_name: pam |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- pam.json.gz |
|
- config_name: pcd |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- pcd.json.gz |
|
- config_name: pes |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- pes.json.gz |
|
- config_name: pms |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- pms.json.gz |
|
- config_name: pol |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- pol.json.gz |
|
- config_name: por |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- por.json.gz |
|
- config_name: prg |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- prg.json.gz |
|
- config_name: que |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- que.json.gz |
|
- config_name: rhg |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- rhg.json.gz |
|
- config_name: rif |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- rif.json.gz |
|
- config_name: rom |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- rom.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ron |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ron.json.gz |
|
- config_name: run |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- run.json.gz |
|
- config_name: rus |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- rus.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sah |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sah.json.gz |
|
- config_name: san |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- san.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sat |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sat.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sdh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sdh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: shi |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- shi.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sjn |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sjn.json.gz |
|
- config_name: skr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- skr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: slk |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- slk.json.gz |
|
- config_name: slv |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- slv.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sme |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sme.json.gz |
|
- config_name: spa |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- spa.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sqi |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sqi.json.gz |
|
- config_name: srp |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- srp.json.gz |
|
- config_name: sux |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- sux.json.gz |
|
- config_name: swc |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- swc.json.gz |
|
- config_name: swe |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- swe.json.gz |
|
- config_name: swg |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- swg.json.gz |
|
- config_name: swh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- swh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tam |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tam.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tat |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tat.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tet |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tet.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tgl |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tgl.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tha |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tha.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tig |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tig.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tir |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tir.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tlh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tlh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tmr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tmr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tok |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tok.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tpw |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tpw.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tuk |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tuk.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tur |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tur.json.gz |
|
- config_name: tzl |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- tzl.json.gz |
|
- config_name: udm |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- udm.json.gz |
|
- config_name: uig |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- uig.json.gz |
|
- config_name: ukr |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- ukr.json.gz |
|
- config_name: urd |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- urd.json.gz |
|
- config_name: uzb |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- uzb.json.gz |
|
- config_name: vec |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- vec.json.gz |
|
- config_name: vep |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- vep.json.gz |
|
- config_name: vie |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- vie.json.gz |
|
- config_name: vol |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- vol.json.gz |
|
- config_name: war |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- war.json.gz |
|
- config_name: wuu |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- wuu.json.gz |
|
- config_name: xmf |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- xmf.json.gz |
|
- config_name: yid |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- yid.json.gz |
|
- config_name: yue |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- yue.json.gz |
|
- config_name: zgh |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- zgh.json.gz |
|
- config_name: zlm |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- zlm.json.gz |
|
- config_name: zsm |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- zsm.json.gz |
|
- config_name: zza |
|
data_files: |
|
- split: train |
|
path: |
|
- zza.json.gz |
|
--- |
|
# Paraphrases of Sentences from [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/en) |
|
|
|
Downloaded: 2024-07-08 |
|
|
|
**Description:** |
|
- Large multilingual paraphrase dataset |
|
- If two sentences translate to the same sentence in a foreign language, then those two sentences could be paraphrases. |
|
|
|
**Creation Process:** |
|
1. Translation pairs of sentences are first linked in a large undirected graph. |
|
2. The connected components of the graph contain sentences with similar meanings. |
|
3. Sentences in the same language in the same component are taken to be paraphrases. |
|
4. Only clusters of 2-20 sentences are counted. Any larger cluster is likely to come from irrelevant sentences linked by bad translation. |
|
5. Only languages with at least 10 clusters are included here. |
|
|
|
**Format:** |
|
- GZipped JSON files |
|
- Each line contains one cluster of paraphrase sentences in JSON format |
|
|
|
**Dataset Configs:** |
|
- [ISO 639-3 language codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-3_codes) as listed on Tatoeba |
|
|
|
**Sample entry:** |
|
|
|
```json |
|
{ |
|
"id": 5, |
|
"sentences": [ |
|
"Today is June 18th and it is Muiriel's birthday!", |
|
"It's 18th June today, and also Muiriel's birthday!", |
|
"Today is June 18th, the birthday of Muiriel!", |
|
"Today is June 18 and it is Muriel's birthday!" |
|
] |
|
} |
|
``` |
|
|
|
`id`: The cluster ID of the sentences. Clusters with the same ID in other languages mutually translate to this set of sentences. |
|
|
|
`sentences`: List of sentences belonging to this cluster. That is, those sentences are paraphrases of each other. |
|
|
|
# Limitations |
|
|
|
Many important things are lost in translation. Even if two sentences translate to the same thing in a foreign language, they might not be good paraphrases. |
|
|
|
- Context and connotations ("What's up, Mike?", "What's wrong, Mike?") |
|
- Gendered common nouns ("I need to get rid of it.", "I need to get rid of her.", "I need to get rid of him.") |
|
- Ambiguous cases that could be the same or different. |
|
- "I'll shoot it down.", "I'll kill it with a gun." |
|
- "What kind of people do you prefer?", "What's your type?", "What kind of guys do you like?" |
|
|
|
Also some languages have important features such as: |
|
|
|
- [Familiar vs. formal forms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction) |
|
- Verb tenses, modality, and moods (so a sentence pair can be paraphrases in one language but not in others) |
|
- Vocabulary, noun distinctions, and cultural concepts (so foreign translations will lose the original meaning of the sentence) |
|
- Idioms, dialects, slang, jargon |
|
|
