id
int64 39
11.1M
| section
stringlengths 3
4.51M
| length
int64 2
49.9k
| title
stringlengths 1
182
| chunk_id
int64 0
68
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
11,090,977 |
# Flag of South Holland
The **flag of South Holland** was adopted on 24 October 1985, replacing the flag used since 22 June 1948. The flag shows a red lion standing out prominently against an even yellow background. The flag of the most populous province is a banner of arms of the South Holland coat of arms. This shield is in turn grafted onto the coat of arms of Holland. The colour choice is also obvious; after all, yellow and red have traditionally been the colours of the province of Holland. The aspect ratio of the South Holland flag is 2:3, which are the same dimensions that also apply to the national tricolour. The left-facing lion, standing on its hind legs, occupies three-quarters of the flag\'s height and is equally distant from the top and bottom. The colours red and yellow are Holland\'s traditional colours and are also found of the flag of North Holland.
## History
The first official flag of South Holland was introduced on 22 June 1948. It was a triband consisting of three equal horizontal fields; yellow on the top, red in the middle and yellow on the bottom. It had a ratio of 2:3. The decision to adopt the current flag was motivated by a desire to raise the profile of traditional symbolism of Holland. The current flag closely resembles the cloths used by the counts of the County of Holland since the Crusades.
The current flag was proposed by the provincial executive of South Holland on 15 October, and passed by the States of South Holland on 24 October 1985. It was decided to change the flag into a yellow field with a red rampant lion--the old flag of the Counts of Holland, which according to tradition had been in use since the time of the Crusades. The lion was supposed to symbolize the \"always victorious lion of Judah\". The flag became official on 1 January 1986.
## Design
The flag of South Holland has a ratio of 2:3. It features a red lion rampant facing left on a yellow field. The lion covers three-fourths of the flag\'s height, and is positioned on one-thirds of the flag\'s width
| 364 |
Flag of South Holland
| 0 |
11,090,993 |
# Roger Parker
**Roger Parker** (born London United Kingdom, 2 August 1951) is an English musicologist who was previously Thurston Dart Professor of Music at King\'s College London. His work has centred on opera. Between 2006 and 2010, while Professor of Music at Gresham College, London, Parker presented four series of free public lectures, one example being \"Verdi and Milan\" in 2007 which is available on video.
In addition to teaching, Parker has been active as joint editor in the preparation of critical editions of the work of 19th-century Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti for the Milan publishing house Ricordi. He also acts as Repertory Consultant to the UK\'s specialised recording company, Opera Rara, which has commissioned performances and recordings of rare Donizetti operas such as *Belisario* in 2012 and *Les Martyrs* in 2014. Additionally, Parker has presented talks on UK radio on aspects of opera, including his talk \"Verdi 200: Viva Verdi\" on BBC Radio 3 on 6 January and 13 October 2013.
## Education and academic work {#education_and_academic_work}
He studied at the University of London, first at Goldsmiths\' College, and then at King\'s College London from which he obtained his PhD in 1981. In 1982, he moved to Cornell University in upstate New York, where he was assistant professor and then associate professor. Returning to England to become a lecturer in music (later professor) and fellow of St Hugh\'s College, Oxford, in 1999 he became professor of music at Cambridge University, where he was a fellow of St John\'s College. Between 2005 and 2006, he was the chair of the School of Arts and Humanities. Parker became the Visiting Ernest Bloch Lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley in 2002 and, in 2007, he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
## Preparation of critical editions of operas {#preparation_of_critical_editions_of_operas}
Roger Parker\'s focus has been in the area of Italian opera of the nineteenth century. For ten years he was founding co-editor (with Arthur Groos) of the *Cambridge Opera Journal*, and he continues as General Editor of *The Critical Edition of the Operas of Gaetano Donizetti* published it Italy by Casa Ricordi of Milan and in the United States by the University of Chicago Press under the auspices of the Fondazione Donizetti. His co-editor is Gabriele Dotto, who led Ricordi\'s editorial department from 1992 to 2001.
Other critical editions of Donizetti\'s operas on which Parker has worked include *Linda di Chamounix* in 2007 as well as those titles which appear on the Donizetti Society\'s list of works completed by Parker alone, such as *Lucrezia Borgia* (1998) and *Adelia*. Additionally, along with Dotto, he has co-authored the critical edition of *Lucia di Lammermoor* which was presented at the Royal Opera House, London in 2003. Roger Parker is also credited as editor of the critical edition of Puccini\'s opera, *Manon Lescaut* published by Ricordi in 2013.
A major revival of a never-completed Donizetti opera, *Le duc d\'Albe*, was given in 2012 by the Vlaamse Opera from a critical edition prepared by Parker. He has written about the work involved in its preparation.
## Involvement with performances {#involvement_with_performances}
For the preparation, recording, and presentation of the Opera Rara recording of Donizetti\'s *Belisario* in 2012, it has been noted that the opera was \"performed in the edition by Sir Mark Elder, Roger Parker and Jürgen Selk, based on the 2010 edition by Ottavio Sbragia.\" For that event, Parker coordinated and presented an afternoon-long public symposium on the opera. In a similar fashion, when Donizetti\'s *Les Martyrs* was presented by the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment in London in November 2014, Roger Parker was part of an introductory panel which also included Dr Flora Willson (who prepared the critical edition) and author and Donizetti biographer Jonathan Keates.
## Awards and appointments {#awards_and_appointments}
He received the \"Premio Giuseppe Verdi\" in 1986, was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1986--87, and in 1991 was awarded the Dent Medal of the Royal Musical Association. 2008 saw his election as Fellow of the British Academy, while, in 2014, he was appointed member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.
| 684 |
Roger Parker
| 0 |
11,090,993 |
# Roger Parker
## Recent publications {#recent_publications}
- \"Verdi the revolutionary? Let\'s separate fact from fiction\", *The Guardian* (London), 7 October 2013
- Giacomo Puccini, *Manon Lescaut*, Milan: Ricordi, 2013. Editor, critical edition.
- *A History of Opera* (with Carolyn Abbate), London: Penguin Books, Ltd.; New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 2012
- *The New Grove Guide to Verdi and his Operas*, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2007
- *Remaking the Song: Operatic Visions and Revisions from Handel to Berio*, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006
- \"The Opera Industry\", in Jim Samson, ed., *The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 87--117
- \"Philippe and Posa Act II: The Shock of the New\", *Cambridge Opera Journal*, 14/1-2 (2002), pp. 133--47
- Gaetano Donizetti, *Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali*, in *Le opere di Gaetano Donizetti*. Milan: Ricordi, 2002; vocal score, 2003. Joint editor of the critical edition with Anders Wiklund.
- *Pensieri per un maestro: Studi in onore di Pierluigi Petrobelli*, Turin: Einaudi, 2002. Joint editor with Stefano La Via
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Married to concert cellist Lynden Cranham, has three children and eight grandchildren
| 196 |
Roger Parker
| 1 |
11,091,016 |
# Jesus Christ the Apple Tree
**Jesus Christ the Apple Tree** (also known as **Apple Tree** and, in its early publications, as **Christ Compared to an Apple-tree**) is a poem, possibly intended for use as a carol, written in the 18th century. It has been set to music by a number of composers, including Jeremiah Ingalls (1764--1838), Elizabeth Poston (1905--1987) and John Rutter.
The first known publication, beginning **The Tree of Life My Soul Hath Seen**, was in London\'s *Spiritual Magazine* in August, 1761. This credits \"R.H.\" as the submitter and presumed author. R.H. has been shown most likely to refer to Rev. Richard Hutchins, a Calvinist Baptist clergyman then in Long Buckby, Northamptonshire. Another early printing, which cannot be dated and could be earlier, is an English broadsheet. This broadsheet uses the term \"Methodists,\" which certainly places it after about 1730, when the term first came into use at Oxford University, and probably substantially later, when the religious movement had spread.
The hymn\'s first known appearance in a hymnal, and in America, was in 1784 in *Divine Hymns, or Spiritual Songs: for the use of Religious Assemblies and Private Christians* compiled by Joshua Smith, a lay Baptist minister from New Hampshire. It became prevalent in American publications but not English ones. Consequently, American authorship was sometimes assumed despite the lack of evidence.
The song may be an allusion to both the apple tree in Song of Solomon 2:3 which has been interpreted as a metaphor representing Jesus, and to his description of his life as a tree of life in Luke 13:18--19 and elsewhere in the New Testament including Revelation 22:1--2 and within the Old Testament in Genesis. Apple trees were commonly grown in England and there was an old English tradition of wassailing or wishing health to apple trees on Christmas Eve. The song is now performed by choirs around the world, especially during the Christmas season as a Christmas carol.
Another motivation of the song may have been to Christianize old English winter season songs used in wassailing the apple orchards --- pouring out libations or engaging in similar ceremonies to seek fertility of the trees.
## Lyrics
The tree of life my soul hath seen,\
Laden with fruit and always green;\
The trees of nature fruitless be,\
Compared with Christ the Apple Tree.
His beauty doth all things excel,\
By faith I know but ne\'er can tell\
The glory which I now can see,\
In Jesus Christ the Appletree.
For happiness I long have sought,\
And pleasure dearly I have bought;\
I missed of all but now I see\
\'Tis found in Christ the Appletree.
I\'m weary with my former toil -\
Here I will sit and rest awhile,\
Under the shadow I will be,\
Of Jesus Christ the Appletree.
With great delight I'll make my stay,\
There's none shall fright my soul away;\
Among the sons of men I see\
There's none like Christ the Appletree.
I'll sit and eat this fruit divine,\
It cheers my heart like spirit'al wine;\
And now this fruit is sweet to me,\
That grows on Christ the Appletree.
This fruit doth make my soul to thrive,\
It keeps my dying faith alive;\
Which makes my soul in haste to be\
With Jesus Christ the Appletree
| 546 |
Jesus Christ the Apple Tree
| 0 |
11,091,038 |
# Oakes Angier Ames
**Oakes Angier Ames** (April 15, 1829 -- September 19, 1899) was an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist in the Ames family of North Easton, Massachusetts.
He was an heir to the Oliver Ames and Sons Corporation and Ames Shovel and Tool Company and was born into a family already known to be successful in business and philanthropic towards the townsfolk, many of whom were employed by the Ames\'. He served as superintendent in 1873 and then President of the Company in 1877, overseeing all workings in the factory. He was credited with managing to resolve the most notable worker strike in the town\'s history that lasted for almost two months in 1889.
Before his death, Oakes Angier Ames had helped manage a highly prosperous family business and commissioned buildings for the betterment of the town of Easton (including a schoolhouse in North Easton). He served as President of the North Easton Savings Bank and Vice-President of the Easton National Bank, was a Director of the Lincoln National Bank of Boston and the Kingsley Iron Machine Company, trustee of the State Lunatic Asylum in Taunton, MA (Taunton State Hospital), Director of the American Loan and Trust Company and of the United Electric Securities Company, and co-owned a sugar plantation in Louisiana.
## Family
Oakes Angier Ames was the oldest son of Massachusetts Congressman Oakes Ames (1804-1873) (a major force behind the Union Pacific Railroad) and brother of Oliver Ames (governor) (1831-1895), 35th Governor of Massachusetts from 1887-1890, Frank Morton Ames, Henry Gilmore Ames and Susan Eveline (Ames) French. His mother, Evelina Orville Gilmore, was the daughter of Joshua and Hannah (Lothrop) Gilmore of Easton, Massachusetts. The Ames family lineage from which he was descended can be traced back to William Ames who emigrated with his brother John to New England in 1635 and settled in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. His great-grandfather Capt. John Ames and grandfather Oliver Ames Sr. founded the Ames Shovel Works during a time when shovels were needed to build canals and railroads. The Ames family was among the wealthiest in Massachusetts.
| 346 |
Oakes Angier Ames
| 0 |
11,091,038 |
# Oakes Angier Ames
## Early life {#early_life}
Oakes Angier attended public school in Easton, MA. He then attended Fruit Hill Academy in Rhode Island and the Leicester Academy (Massachusetts) and entered the family business at the age of eighteen. He learned how shovels were made and became skilled in handling the affairs of the workers.
The Oliver Ames and Sons Company of Oakes Angiers' grandfather Oliver Ames Sr. (known as Old Oliver) was originally located across from Shovelshop Pond in Easton, MA. On March 2, 1852, Oakes Angier witnessed the great fire that destroyed all buildings and subsequently became ill due to smoke inhalation while trying in vain to stop the destruction. It was believed at the time that he had contracted Consumption and was sent to Cuba to help his lungs heal. On December 28, 1852, Evelina Ames received word from her son that he had arrived in Cuba after departing from Charleston, S.C. six days prior. When he returned he was in much better health.
The watchman at the time of the fire was a man by the name of Patric Quinn. Quinn, during his nightly round, accidentally dropped a lantern into highly flammable varnish. The finishing shop burst into flames and quickly caught fire to the rest of the buildings. At the time, the Ames family was considering moving the shovel making operation to another location entirely and so there was a silver lining to this devastating event. It is suggested that the fire made such a lasting impression on Oakes Angier that he was the first family member to build his home, Queset House, out of stone. The new shovel factory was also built out of stone, as were many future Ames structures.
It was often customary at the time for previous generations to live with their sons and daughters. Oakes Angier lived into his mid-twenties with his father Oakes and his mother Evelina in the house originally built by his grandfather Old Oliver. Old Oliver continued to live in a section of the house with his son and daughter-in-law until his own death. Their house was located on Main Street across from the company shops and is no longer standing. When the Queset House was finished, Oakes brought his new bride, Catherine (Hobart) Ames to live there and raise a family.
| 387 |
Oakes Angier Ames
| 1 |
11,091,038 |
# Oakes Angier Ames
## Business
In 1863, Oakes Angier Ames\'s grandfather, Oliver Ames Sr. (1779-1863), passed away leaving the Oliver Ames and Sons Company and all private property to the remaining Ames family members of Easton, Massachusetts. To his three grandsons, Oakes Angier, Oliver and Frederick Lothrop Ames, he bequeathed one-third of the Company interest divided equally, thus making them partners. His other grandson, Frank Morton Ames, became prosperous in his own right as President of the Kingsley Iron and Machine Company of Canton, Massachusetts. In the midst of the Civil War, the three grandsons of Oliver Ames worked together to maintain and expand the already thriving family business. Oliver became involved in business ventures relating to the Company outside of Easton, MA. Frederick was treasurer and secretary. Oakes Angier was supervisor, general manager, and then President from 1877 until his death. By that time the Company was producing approximately 117,500 dozen shovels per year, with 500 men working 10hr work days.
While supervisor, he obtained an antrim patent in 1863 for his welding furnace designed to balance the temperatures needed to weld a shovel blade and the strap.
In 1873, he and his brother Frank Morton Ames purchased what would become the Southside and Estelle Plantations in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, for \$180,000.The plantations were known at the time to be quite cutting edge in the methods of harvesting sugar and transporting the finished product. 60,000 to 70,000 pounds of sugar were produced a day. His time spent in Cuba as a young man may have influenced his interest in owning a sugar plantation.
In 1879, while President of the Company, he helped finance 50% of the cost for a church in the center of Easton. The cost was \$1,400. Originally a Methodist church, the new denomination was affiliated with the Swedish Evangelical Covenant Church. Prior to the purchase of the new church, the growing number of Swedish immigrants who worked in the Company had to practice their religion in various private homes. Oakes Angier also lent the use of a hall on Main Street to the Swedish for services. Assistance in providing a place of worship was consistent with the Ames family tradition. They also had a chapel built on Pond St. for the Irish workforce.
| 378 |
Oakes Angier Ames
| 2 |
11,091,038 |
# Oakes Angier Ames
## Business
### Strike of 1889 {#strike_of_1889}
William Chaffin wrote in History of the Town of Easton that Oakes Angier had a temperament well suited for work as manager to the Company workers, and that he was also very knowledgeable to the process of making shovels. His character would serve him well in regards to the strike. His life was an example of integrity and compassion towards workers and other townspeople who sometimes required assistance. Although there had been a few documented instances of dissension among workers before the strike of 1889, none were as well documented, nor did they result in so many workers being let go or disruption in shovel production.
In shovel making, it is the handlers job to weld straps to steel-edged shovels. Handlers employed by the Oliver Ames and Sons Company at the time of the strike became disgruntled over a Company policy that had been put in place years prior.
On February 22, 1889, twenty-three handlers walked off the job, returning the following day after forming a committee to speak with General Manager Oakes Angier Ames regarding the rules. He responded that the rules put in place were necessary and explained why that was. Despite that, some of the Ames' had been handlers themselves and the Company was known for good wages and fair business practices, the handlers did not return to work. Oakes Angier, after giving the strikers until March 4 to return, was forced to hire replacements. His son Hobart and Governor Oliver Ames\' son William were in charge of training the Swedish replacement workers. Hobart was also in charge of protecting replacement workers from harassment by strikers. While Oakes Angier did request in writing that strikers leave tenement housing, he never evicted them. The only arrest was a James Riley for undue violence. On April 12, 1889, the strike ended and some sixteen strikers returned to work under the same rules. Only five strikers were not allowed to return to work as handlers. Two of them had already found work elsewhere and the other three were employed as gardeners on Ames estates. Shovel sales suffered but still managed to surpass previous years sales by \$950.27.
## Queset House {#queset_house}
Oakes Angier Ames\' legacy to North Easton can still be seen in Queset House, his home beside the Queset Brook. Built of stone, Queset stands on property to the rear of the Ames Free Library. His son, famous theatrical producer Winthrop Ames, also lived in the house with his wife Lucy after inheriting it from his father. The property is now owned by the library and functions as a center for cultural programming. Queset was commissioned to be built in 1853 and it was completed the following year. The house\'s front portion design was drawn from a plan by noted architect Andrew Jackson Downing (who died in 1852). Downing collaborated with Alexander Jackson Davis who provided architectural drawings. It was built in the Gothic Revival style. Harvard educated architect John Ames Mitchell, (a first cousin of Oakes Angier and architect of Unity church in Easton, MA) designed the rear in 1873. He also added the copper-clad chimneys and a new staircase. The landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted planned its grounds and also, in consultation with Ames, created The Rockery nearby.
Together with his family, Ames commissioned Olmsted and architect H. H. Richardson to create a remarkable set of buildings and landscapes in North Easton, including:
- Ames Gate Lodge
- Oakes Ames Memorial Hall
- Old Colony Railroad Station
- The Rockery
- F.L. Ames Gardener\'s Cottage
| 599 |
Oakes Angier Ames
| 3 |
11,091,038 |
# Oakes Angier Ames
## Personal
Oakes Angier was a Unitarian (Unitarianism). He was chairman of the Church Committee and rarely, if ever, missed Sabbath. He married Catherine Hobart in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts on July 19, 1855. They had six children, although two did not survive past infancy:
- Maria Hobart Ames born October 13, 1856, married Richard Hickman Harte
- Oakes Ames born May 8, 1858 - died May 8, 1859 ???
- Oakes Angier Ames born January 21, 1862 - died August 1, 1862
- Hobart Ames born August 21, 1865, married Julia A. (Hillis) Colony
- Winthrop Ames born November 25, 1870, married Lucy K. Fuller
- Katherine Hobart Ames born January 11, 1874, married Philip Leffingwell Spalding
Catherine Angier died on April 18, 1903. She had lived a quiet life but was remembered at the time of her death as being heavily involved in local charitable work. She was not connected with any particular organization.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- *Oakes Ames and the Credit Mobilier*, Boston, F. Wood, printer, 1880.
- *The Architecture of Country Houses*, Downing, A. Jackson, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1969
| 190 |
Oakes Angier Ames
| 4 |
11,091,040 |
# Protected health information
**Protected health information** (**PHI**) under U.S. law is any information about health status, provision of health care, or payment for health care that is created or collected by a Covered Entity (or a Business Associate of a Covered Entity), and can be linked to a specific individual. This is interpreted rather broadly and includes any part of a patient\'s medical record or payment history.
Instead of being anonymized, PHI is often sought out in datasets for de-identification before researchers share the dataset publicly. Researchers remove individually identifiable PHI from a dataset to preserve privacy for research participants.
There are many forms of PHI, with the most common being physical storage in the form of paper-based personal health records (PHR). Other types of PHI include electronic health records, wearable technology, and mobile applications. In recent years, there has been a growing number of concerns regarding the safety and privacy of PHI.
## United States {#united_states}
Under the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), PHI that is linked based on the following list of 18 identifiers must be treated with special care:
1. Names
2. All geographical identifiers smaller than a state, except for the initial three digits of a zip code if, according to the current publicly available data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census: the geographic unit formed by combining all zip codes with the same three initial digits contains more than 20,000 people; the initial three digits of a zip code for all such geographic units containing 20,000 or fewer people is changed to 000
3. Dates (other than year) directly related to an individual
4. Phone Numbers
5. Fax numbers
6. Email addresses
7. Social Security numbers
8. Medical record numbers
9. Health insurance beneficiary numbers
10. Account numbers
11. Certificate/license numbers
12. Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers, including license plate numbers;
13. Device identifiers and serial numbers;
14. Web Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
15. Internet Protocol (IP) address numbers
16. Biometric identifiers, including finger, retinal and voice prints
17. Full face photographic images and any comparable images
18. Any other unique identifying number, characteristic, or code except the unique code assigned by the investigator to code the data
### HIPAA Privacy Rule {#hipaa_privacy_rule}
The HIPAA Privacy Rule addresses the privacy and security aspects of PHI. There are three main purposes which include:
: 1\. To protect and enhance the rights of consumers by providing them access to their health information and controlling the inappropriate use of that information;
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: 2\. To improve the quality of health care in the United States by restoring trust in the health care system among consumers, health care professionals, and the multitude of organizations and individuals committed to the delivery of care; and
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: 3\. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health care delivery by creating a national framework for health privacy protection that builds on efforts by states, health systems, and individual organizations and individuals.
### LabMD, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission {#labmd_inc._v._federal_trade_commission}
In 2016, the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit overturned the decision in LabMD, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC filed a complaint against medical testing laboratory LabMD, Inc. alleging that the company failed to reasonably protect the security of consumers' personal data, including medical information. The FTC alleged that in two separate incidents, LabMD collectively exposed the personal information of approximately 10,000 consumers. The court vacated the original cease-and-desist order, stating that it would \"mandate a complete overhaul of LabMD's data-security program and says little about how this is to be accomplished."
| 606 |
Protected health information
| 0 |
11,091,040 |
# Protected health information
## United States {#united_states}
### De-identification versus anonymization {#de_identification_versus_anonymization}
**Anonymization** is a process in which PHI elements are eliminated or manipulated with the purpose of hindering the possibility of going back to the original data set. This involves removing all identifying data to create unlinkable data. **De-identification** under the HIPAA Privacy Rule occurs when data has been stripped of common identifiers by two methods:
: 1\. The removal of 18 specific identifiers listed above (Safe Harbor Method)
: 2\. Obtain the expertise of an experienced statistical expert to validate and document the statistical risk of re-identification is very small (Statistical Method).
De-identified data is coded, with a link to the original, fully identified data set kept by an honest broker. Links exist in coded de-identified data making the data considered indirectly identifiable and not anonymized. Coded de-identified data is not protected by the HIPAA Privacy Rule, but is protected under the Common Rule. The purpose of de-identification and anonymization is to use health care data in larger increments, for research purposes. Universities, government agencies, and private health care entities use such data for research, development and marketing purposes.
**Covered Entities**
In general, U.S. law governing PHI applies to data collected in the course of providing and paying for health care. Privacy and security regulations govern how healthcare professionals, hospitals, health insurers, and other Covered Entities use and protect the data they collect. It is important to understand that the source of the data is as relevant as the data itself when determining if information is PHI under U.S. law. For example, sharing information about someone on the street with an obvious medical condition such as an amputation is not restricted by U.S. law. However, obtaining information about the amputation exclusively from a protected source, such as from an electronic medical record, would breach HIPAA regulations.
**Business Associates**
Covered Entities often use third parties to provide certain health and business services. If they need to share PHI with those third parties, it is the responsibility of the Covered Entity to put in place a Business Associate Agreement that holds the third party to the same standards of privacy and confidentiality as the Covered Entity.
| 367 |
Protected health information
| 1 |
11,091,040 |
# Protected health information
## Protected health information storage {#protected_health_information_storage}
Protected health information can be stored in many different forms. According to HIPAA, there are many requirements and limitations regarding how PHI can be stored.
### Physical storage {#physical_storage}
Until recently, physical storage has been the most common method of storing PHI. Physical safeguards for PHI include storing paper records in locked cabinets and enabling a control over the records. A security authority, PIN pad, or identification card could all be necessary to access physical storage of PHI.
### Electronic records {#electronic_records}
Much of PHI is stored in electronic health records (EHR). Cloud computing and other services allow healthcare providers to store vast amounts of data for easy access. For example, Kaiser Permanente has over 9 million members and stores anywhere from 25 to 44 petabytes. In Australia, over 90% of healthcare institutions have implemented EHRs, in an attempt to improve efficiency. E-health architecture types can either be public, private, hybrid, or community, depending on the data stored. Healthcare providers will often store their data on a vast network of remote servers, proving susceptible to privacy breaches. According to a study, the US could save \$81 billion annually from switching to a universal electronic health record (EHR).
### Wearable technology {#wearable_technology}
In PHI, wearable technology often comes in the form of smartwatches, ECG monitors, blood pressure monitors, and biosensors. Wearable technology has faced rapid growth with 102.4 million units shipped in 2016, up 25% from the 81.9 million units shipped in 2015. According to Insider Intelligence research, the number of health and fitness app users will remain over 84 million through 2022. Health and fitness tracking capabilities are a target for companies producing wearable technology. Privacy concerns for consumers arise when these technology companies are not considered covered entities or business associates under HIPAA or where the health information collected is not PHI.
### Mobile applications {#mobile_applications}
Mobile applications have been proven essential, especially for the elderly or disabled. The adoption of mobile healthcare is said to be attractive due to factors like patient behavior, subjective norm, personal innovativeness, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention. The legitimacy of certain mobile applications that store PHI can be determined by the user reviews on the application.
| 374 |
Protected health information
| 2 |
11,091,040 |
# Protected health information
## Patient Privacy {#patient_privacy}
In a study conducted by researchers, 14 patients were asked for their opinions on privacy concerns and healthcare perceptions. Researchers found that all participants agreed on the importance of healthcare privacy. Participants demonstrated a vague understanding of the legislated patient privacy rights. There were differing opinions on whose responsibility it should be to protect health information; some thought it was their own responsibility, while others thought that the government was responsible. Consent was rarely brought up within the discussion.
Because patient privacy is the reason for regulations on PHI, analyzing consumer data can be extremely difficult to come by. Luca Bonomi and Xiaoqian Jiang determined a technique to perform temporal record linkage using non-protected health information data. As standard linkage processes lack the ability to incorporate the time setting, they result in being ineffective. Bonomi and Jiang propose using the patient's non-protected health information data to determine records and establish patterns. This approach allows the linkage of patient records using non-PHI data, by giving doctors patterns and a better idea of important diagnoses.
## Concerns with PHI {#concerns_with_phi}
### Common Forms of Cybersecurity Attacks on PHI {#common_forms_of_cybersecurity_attacks_on_phi}
1. Phishing
2. Eavesdropping
3. Brute-force attacks
4. Selective forwarding
5. Sinkhole threats
6. Sybil attacks
7. Location threats
8. Internal attacks
### Attacks on PHI {#attacks_on_phi}
From 2005 to 2019, the total number of individuals affected by healthcare data breaches was 249.09 million. According to an IBM report, the average cost of a data breach in 2019 was \$3.92 million, while a healthcare industry breach usually costs \$6.45 million. However, the average cost of a healthcare data breach (average breach size 25,575 records) in the U.S. is \$15 million.
In 2017, healthcare compliance analytics platform Protenus stated that 477 healthcare breaches were reported to the U.S. Division of Health and Human Services (HHS). Of these, 407 showed that 5.579 million patient records were affected.
The 2018 Verizon Protected Health Information Data Breach Report (PHIDBR) examined 27 countries and 1368 incidents, detailing that the focus of healthcare breaches was mainly the patients, their identities, health histories, and treatment plans. According to HIPAA, 255.18 million people were affected from 3051 healthcare data breach incidents from 2010 to 2019.
Health-related fraud is estimated to cost the U.S. nearly \$80 billion annually. The healthcare industry remains the most costly and targeted industry to data breaches. Healthcare companies have been criticized for not adapting and prioritizing data security. One reason is due to the leeway and minimal penalties for those that fail to comply with the HIPAA Security Rule. There is also limited competition and a stable customer base within the healthcare industry. Researchers are searching for more secure ways to protect PHI.
### Ethical Concerns {#ethical_concerns}
In the case of PHI, there are ethical concerns regarding how information is treated on a daily basis by healthcare personnel. In 1996, the Clinton Administration passed the HIPAA Privacy Rule, limiting a physician\'s ability to arbitrarily disclose patients' personal medical records.
As health artificial intelligence (AI) applications are expected to save over \$150 billion in annual savings for U.S. healthcare, researchers are studying the risks of potential PHI leaks. Currently, 21% of U.S. consumers or 57 million people, use a quantified self health and fitness tracking (QSHFT) application. In a study conducted by Nancy Brinson and Danielle Rutherford, over 90% of consumers were comfortable with the opportunity to share data with a healthcare provider. However, Brinson and Rutherford claim that consumers fail to make privacy a priority when they choose to share this information. To combat misuse of PHI on mobile healthcare platforms, Brinson and Rutherford suggest the creation of a policy rating system for consumers. A rating system, monitored by the Federal Trade Commission would allow consumers a centralized way to evaluate data collection methods amongst mobile health providers.
In 2019, the US Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights (OCA) promised to enforce patients' right to access under HIPAA, using the Right of Access Initiative. There have currently already been two settlements with the OCA under the Right of Access Initiative, after companies failed to give patient medical records
| 693 |
Protected health information
| 3 |
11,091,046 |
# King's College London Business
**King\'s College London Business Ltd** (formerly *KCL Enterprises Ltd (Oct 1992-Feb 2007) and Precis Ltd (May 1992- Oct 1992*) is an English technology transfer private limited company. A wholly owned subsidiary of King\'s College London, King\'s Business \"supports and commercialises the research of King's academic staff\"
| 51 |
King's College London Business
| 0 |
11,091,053 |
# Butch Estes
**George \"Butch\" Estes** (born June 14, 1949) is a men\'s basketball coach. He previously served as the head coach at Presbyterian College and Furman University. Estes resigned from Furman in March 1994, after finishing the 1993--94 regular season with a 9--17 record.
Coach Estes was the Head at Palm Beach State College from 2010 to 2013. He was offered the head coaching job at Barry University in 2013 and accepted it
| 74 |
Butch Estes
| 0 |
11,091,065 |
# 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade (United States)
The **2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade** is a brigade of the United States Marine Corps. It is part of II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF). It advertises itself as a \"middleweight\" crises response force of choice in the European and Southern Command Areas of Operation. It is able to \"operate independently, as a service component, or to lead a Joint Task Force\". Self-sufficient and interoperable, the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade possesses a mix of command and control, combat power and specialized logistics. Operating as part of the greater Marine Corps team and with support from the United States Navy and other services, it can provide operational reach.
## Subordinate units {#subordinate_units}
- Headquarters element: 5th Battalion 10th Marines
- Ground combat element: Regimental Combat Team 8
- Aviation combat element: Marine Aircraft Group 40
- Logistics combat element: Combat Logistics Regiment 2
- 2nd Civil Affairs Group
## History
In 1991 the 2nd MEB made the first test of the Norway Air-Landed Marine Expeditionary Brigade (NALMEB), comprised completely of Marine Corps Reserve units as Operation Desert Storm was getting under way. The exercise was designated Battle Griffin and took place in February--March 1991. The force comprised HQ Company 25th Marines, 3/25 Marines, Co E, 4th Reconnaissance Battalion, and 1/14 Marine Artillery (Batteries HQ, Alpha, and Bravo).
### Iraq war {#iraq_war}
The 2nd MEB became Task Force Tarawa, commanded by Brigadier General Richard F. Natonski, for Operation Iraqi Freedom, and, as TF Tarawa, was thus part of the 2003 invasion of Iraq under I Marine Expeditionary Force. During the invasion 2nd MEB fought the Battle of Nasiriyah.
### War in Afghanistan {#war_in_afghanistan}
NATO Symbol
------------------
{{Mil Map Symbol
It became Task Force Leatherneck, commanded by BGen Lawrence Nicholson during the 2009--10 deployment to Afghanistan for NATO\'s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). In 2010, Task Force Leatherneck spearheaded both the Operation Strike of the Sword and the Battle of Marjah, the largest battles since the start of the Afghanistan Campaign.`{{fact|date=June 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
The 2nd MEB Command Element was reactivated on 20 Nov 2012 at Camp Lejune, North Carolina. The reactivated unit is designed to be a \"scalable, standing, joint-capable, and a deployment-ready headquarters element that can also enable the introduction of follow-on forces if required
| 378 |
2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade (United States)
| 0 |
11,091,066 |
# Kári P. Højgaard
**Kári Páll Højgaard** (born 21 July 1951 in Strendur, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese politician. He was chairman of the Self-Government Party (Sjálvstýrisflokkurin) until April 2015 and is a former president of the West Nordic Council (2008--09) (2011--2012) (2017--2018).
Højgaard was elected as member of the Faroese Parliament on 27 February 2001. He was leader of his party\'s parliamentary group 2001--11 as well as party chairman 2003--10 and again 2011--2015.
He has been member of the municipal council in Runavík from 1988 to the end of 2008, and is currently living in Saltangará.
Højgaard was member of The Environment and Natural Resources Committee of the Nordic Council in the period 2004--2008.
In November 2011 Højgaard became Minister of Internal Affairs, in the centre-right ABDH government. He was minister from 14 November 2011 until 5 September 2013 when prime minister sacked him because of the case of the Eysturoy tunnel, which was planned to be made by a private Danish company, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners. The plan with the private company was skipped, instead the plan is that the tunnel shall be made by and owned by the government
| 191 |
Kári P. Højgaard
| 0 |
11,091,069 |
# Easter Act 1928
The **Easter Act 1928** (18 & 19 Geo. 5. c. 35) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed and enacted in 1928 concerning the date for Easter that has never come into force. The effect would be to establish Easter Sunday as the Sunday following the second Saturday in April, resulting in Easter Sunday being between 9 April and 15 April, instead of following the established date for Easter as a moveable feast.
The Act requires the agreement (in the form of resolutions) of both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, before a commencement order is made by Order in Council. The Act also requires that before a draft order is submitted to Parliament, \"regard shall be had to any opinion officially expressed by any Church or other Christian body\".
Although the subject has been raised occasionally in Parliament in the decades since, the Act has never been brought into force
| 162 |
Easter Act 1928
| 0 |
11,091,106 |
# St Mary Staining
**St. Mary Staining** was a parish church in Oat Lane, northeast of St. Paul\'s Cathedral, in the City of London. First recorded in the 12th century, it was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and not rebuilt.
## History
The first reference to it is to \"*Ecclesia de Staningehage*\" in 1189, probably deriving from a family from Staines holding land in the area of the church. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and not rebuilt. Its parish was united to St. Michael Wood Street in 1670, and later to St. Alban Wood Street in 1894, and finally St. Vedast Foster Lane in 1954.
Nikolaus Pevsner found a \"few battered tombstones\" in nearby Oat Lane. Since 1965 its site has been a City of London Corporation garden, containing a historic tree; an adjacent office block was built semi-circular so as not to damage it
| 155 |
St Mary Staining
| 0 |
11,091,123 |
# Ibn Jazla
**Abu Ali Yahya ibn Isa ibn Jazla al-Baghdadi** or **Ibn Jazlah** (*أبو علي يحيى بن عيسى بن جزله البغدادي*), Latinized as **Buhahylyha Bingezla**, was an 11th-century Arab physician of Baghdad and author of an influential treatise on regimen that was translated into Latin in 1280 AD by the Sicilian Jewish physician Faraj ben Salem.
## Biography
Ibn Jazla was born of Christian Nestorian parents at Baghdad. He converted to Islam in 1074. He died in 1100 under the tutelage of Abu \`Ali ibn Al-Walid Al-Maghribi.
## Works
His *Taqwim al-Abdan fi Tadbir al-Insan* (*Dispositio corporum de constitutione hominis, Tacuin agritudinum*), as the name implies: tables in which diseases are arranged like the stars in astronomical tables, was translated into Latin.
There is a story which says that he was one of the physicians to Charlemagne and that he wrote *Tables* or *Tacuin* at the instigation of the latter. This story has no historical foundation unless Ibn Jazla was born two centuries earlier, for indeed, Charlemagne was emperor up to 814. The Tacuin was translated by the Jew Faraj ben Salim and the Latin version was published in 1532. A German translation was published at Strasbourg in 1533 by Hans Schotte.
Ibn Jazla also wrote another work, *Al-Minhaj fi Al-Adwiah Al-Murakkabah*, (Methodology of Compound Drugs), which was translated by Jambolinus and was known in Latin translation as the Cibis et medicines simplicibus.
A convert to Islam, he wrote works in praise of Islam and criticising Christianity and Judaism.
- *Tacvini Aegritvdinvm et Morborum ferme omnium Corporis humani : cum curis eorundem* / Bvhahylyha Byngezla Autore. \[Trans.: Farag Ben Salim\]. - Argentorati : Schottus, 1532. [digital](http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-18794)
- *Tacuini sanitatis Elluchasem Elimithar : de sex rebus non naturalibus earum naturis operationibus \... recens exarati* / Elluchasem Elimithar. - Argentorati : Schott, 1531. [digital](http://nbn-resolving
| 303 |
Ibn Jazla
| 0 |
11,091,134 |
# Archdeacon of Orkney
The **Archdeacon of Orkney** was the head of the Archdeaconry of Orkney, a sub-division of the Diocese of Orkney in Scotland. This archdeacon was one of the two archdeacons of the diocese, the other being the Archdeacon of Shetland.
## List of known archdeacons of Orkney {#list_of_known_archdeacons_of_orkney}
- William, 1309-1310
- William de Buchan, 1369-1372 (afterwards Archdeacon of Shetland)
| 63 |
Archdeacon of Orkney
| 0 |
11,091,159 |
# Saviour King
***Saviour King*** is the sixteenth album in the live praise and worship series of Christian Contemporary music by Hillsong Church. It debuted at No. 6 on the ARIA album chart on 9 July 2007, while the DVD debuted at No. 2 on the DVD chart. On the US Billboard Top Christian Albums Chart, it debuted at No. 5.
## Making of the album {#making_of_the_album}
*Saviour King* was recorded live at the Acer Arena on 18 March 2007 by Darlene Zschech and the Hillsong team after the annual Hillsong Colour Conference. After many years at the Sydney Entertainment Centre, Hillsong Church moved the annual live album recording to the Acer Arena. This was also the last official album to feature Steve McPherson as a vocalist. McPherson is still a part of Hillsong Church as a publisher. Also, this was the last album in which Zschech appeared as a worship pastor.
The front cover depicts Hillsong Church congregation and the Hillsong Live logo, while the inverse side depicts Darlene Zschech, Reuben Morgan, Joel Houston and Marty Sampson.
## Writing and composition {#writing_and_composition}
The album contains songs written and used in Hillsong Church from early 2006 to March 2007. Songs such as \"I\'m Not Ashamed\" and \"Here in My Life\" were written earlier in 2006, while songs like \"Lord of Lords\", \"In the Mystery\" and \"One Thing\" were written around the time of the album recording. \"Break Free\", \"Hosanna\" and \"Saviour King\" were released on the Hillsong United album *All of the Above*.
The majority of songs were written by Marty Sampson, Reuben Morgan, Joel Houston, Brooke Fraser, Mia Fieldes and Ben Fielding. Matt Crocker from Hillsong United youth, who wrote songs on the Hillsong United EP In a Valley by the Sea, contributed to two songs.
## Track listing (CD) {#track_listing_cd}
## Track listing (DVD) {#track_listing_dvd}
1. \"Saviour King\" \[introduction\] (Marty Sampson)
2. \"I\'m Not Ashamed\" (Marty Sampson)
3. \"Break Free\" (Joel Houston)
4. \"Hosanna\" (Brooke Fraser and Darlene Zschech)
5. \"Here in My Life\" (Darlene Zschech)
6. \"You Are Faithful\" (Darlene Zschech)
7. \"In Your Freedom\" (Marty Sampson)
8. \"To Know Your Name\" (Jad Gillies)
9. \"In the Mystery\" (Joel Houston)
10. \"God of Ages\" (Darlene Zschech and Reuben Morgan)
11. \"You Are My Strength\" (Reuben Morgan)
12. \"One Thing\" (Darlene Zschech)
13. \"Lord of Lords\" (Brooke Fraser)
14. \"You Saw Me\" (Reuben Morgan)
15. \"Saviour King\" (Marty Sampson)
## Personnel
- Darlene Zschech -- worship pastor, executive producer, producer, senior worship leader, senior lead vocal
- Phil Dooley -- creative director, executive producer
- Andrew Crawford -- producer
- Joel Houston -- producer, United worship leader, acoustic guitar
- Reuben Morgan -- producer, worship leader, acoustic guitar, music director & arranger
- Marty Sampson -- worship leader, acoustic guitar
- Jad Gillies -- worship leader, acoustic guitar
- Brooke Fraser -- worship leader, acoustic guitar
- Nigel Hendroff -- electric guitar
- Ben Fielding -- electric guitar
- Steve McPherson -- other vocals
- Paul Andrew -- other vocals
- Scott Bakken -- other vocals
- Julie Bassett -- other vocals
- Damian Bassett -- other vocals
- Debbie-Ann Bax -- other vocals
- Julie Cowdroy -- other vocals
- Kathryn De Araujo -- other vocals
- Jonathan Douglass (J
| 543 |
Saviour King
| 0 |
11,091,169 |
# Archdeacon of Shetland
The **Archdeacon of Shetland** was the head of the Archdeaconry of Shetland, a sub-division of the Diocese of Orkney in Scotland This archdeacon was one of the two archdeacons of the diocese, the other being the Archdeacon of Orkney. Next to the bishop, the Archdeacon of Shetland was the senior ecclesiastic in the diocese.
## List of known archdeacons of Shetland {#list_of_known_archdeacons_of_shetland}
- Andrew, 1215
- Nicholas, 1226
- Gilbert, 1260-1263 (later Bishop of Hamar)
- Peter, 1269-1270
- Sigurd, 1295
- William Johnson, 1360
- William Wood, x 1372
- William de Buchan, 1369 x 1372-1372 x 1383
- John Fule, 1372
- Walter de Buchan, 1383-1391
- Adam Easton, 1381 x 1385-1391 x 1396
- William de Lance, 1383
- Angus de Kirkness (Kerlues, Birknes), 1396-1429 x 1430
- David de Craigie (Cragy), 1420
- Malise de Tulloch, 1430-1445
- David Tulloch, 1457
- Thomas Tulloch, 1457
- John Sinclair, 1484-1484 x 1501
- James Sinclair, 1484
- William Turnbull, 1485-1487
- Henry Phankouth, 1501--1529
| 171 |
Archdeacon of Shetland
| 0 |
11,091,172 |
# Leiden Aratea
**Leiden University Library, VLQ 79**, also called the **Leiden Aratea**, is an illuminated copy of an astronomical treatise by Germanicus, based on the *Phaenomena* of Aratus. The manuscript was created in the region of Lorraine and has been dated to around 816. It was produced at the court of Louis the Pious, who ruled from 814--840. It is one of the four Carolingian codices that were produced in his court. There are many translations and copies of this text, so it is very well known throughout the Middle East and Europe.
There are 99 extant folios measuring 225 by; four were lost before 1600. Besides these four, the manuscript is complete. The work contains 39 miniatures, including some of the first artistic depictions on paper of the Greek constellations. The artist has made no effort to place the stars correctly according to their positions in the sky so the images cannot be considered true star charts.
## History
### Provenance
The Leiden Aratea was created for a wealthy patron, possibly Louis the Pious or his wife Judith. Two copies were made of the manuscript in northern France around the year 1000. Jacob Susius acquired the manuscript in Ghent in 1573. It was owned by Hugo Grotius in 1600 and was used as a source for his edition of *Syntagma Arateorum*. The name Aratea means that it was a text derived from the lore of an astronomer whose name was Aratus of Soli (315--240BC).
Another copy of this codex is kept at the Annonciades municipal library in Boulogne-sur-Mer (France). The notice indicates that it comes from the Abbey of Saint-Bertin of Saint-Omer.Manuscript **ms 188**, Bibliothèque municipale des Annonciades, Boulogne-sur-Mer, [online available](https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdataf7ba98bd0e69c5119220b15c7aaaee90c0035c51).
### Facsimiles
During the Middle Ages, artists were specifically trained to copy each other. This resulted in a large number of exact copies of the same manuscripts.
A high-quality facsimile was published in 1989. That same year the book was rebound by Lucie Gimbrére, a Benedictine nun of Oosterhout.
A digital version of the Leiden Aratea is available at Leiden University Libraries\' Digital Collections.
The copy of Boulogne-sur-Mer has also been digitized and is available online.
## Scientific context {#scientific_context}
Scholars often view this manuscript as something that can offer an art historical perspective, but doesn\'t really give much accurate astronomical information regarding constellations, planets, or other natural phenomena at the time. Although the majority of the information in the manuscript is not technically correct, the information can still provide an understanding of the science of astronomy at the time it was created. There are a few topics that could be areas of interest to astronomers, such as the Leiden Planetary Configuration, which presents a partial heliocentric theory, that Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun. This theory shows that among ancient astronomers there was a variety of theories being used that did not solely include the geocentric theory. The manuscript reflects the clarity of the night sky in the Middle Ages, a time without modern air pollution or light pollution. Medieval people generally had a much greater knowledge of the constellations than modern people do today.
| 519 |
Leiden Aratea
| 0 |
11,091,172 |
# Leiden Aratea
## Description
### Text
The text is written in the *capitalis rustica* script used by the Romans for literary manuscripts and kept by the Carolingians for secular works. The type of text was very common, and used often during these times. This text is taken from the Latin translations of Aratus\'s poem by Germanicus. Each image contains a text description underneath, so the manuscript is mostly considered a picture book. An exception to the use of the capitalis rustica script is folio 93v, the planetarium, where the routes of the planets are inscribed with quotes from Pliny the Elder\'s *Natural History* in Carolingian minuscule.
### Miniatures
Constellations, planets and the seasons are depicted in 39 full-page miniatures, all on the verso pages, with corresponding poetical descriptions on the recto. It contains 42 constellations, but at least five miniatures are lost. The lost constellations and miniatures include the Sun and Moon, Jupiter, and the constellations of Centaurus and Virgo. The illustrations are probably copied from a Late Antique version of Germanicus\' treatise; the subjects modeled in a \"lively, illusionistic\" manner typical of ancient painting. The missing constellations, Virgo Centaurus with Lupus and Corona Australis can be found in a different tenth-century copy of the Leiden Aratea located in the municipal library of Boulogne-ser-Mer. After the thirty six images of the constellations, there are two images which represent the five known planets at the time. Four male heads and one female head that are detached represent these five planets and they are described as \"wandering stars\" that \"follow a different law.\" The five planets are Saturn, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and Mars. On a different page, four female heads represent the four changing seasons.
Folio 93v consists of a full-page planetarium. The planets paths are described along the lines in Carolingian minuscule. Around the border there are small figures that represent the zodiac signs, which is interesting because this is a copy from a fourth century manuscript called the Calendar of 354 instead of a copy from the Aratea.
Each picture contains a blue background with a red border, and the image central to the paper.
## Illuminations
Image:Aratea 6v.jpg\|Hercules Image:Aratea 10v.jpg\|Ophiuchus, Serpens & Scorpius Image:Aratea 12v.jpg\|Boötes Image:Aratea 22v.jpg\|Auriga Image:Aratea 30v.jpg\|Andromeda Image:Aratea 34v.jpg\|Aries Image:Aratea 93v
| 375 |
Leiden Aratea
| 1 |
11,091,177 |
# Toytown
**Toytown** is the name given to a series of radio plays written by S.G. Hulme Beaman and broadcast by the BBC from 1929 to 1932, 28 of which regularly repeated on *Children\'s Hour* until 1964, by which point it had expanded into a media franchise.
Although he was not the main character of the original works, Larry the Lamb became the main character, together with his clever sidekick, Dennis the Dachshund. Each story involves Ernest the Policeman, the disgruntled Mr Growser the Grocer and the Mayor.
Toytown was perhaps the most famous children\'s series at its peak. It consistently headed the votes for *Request Week* on *Children\'s Hour* for twenty-five years, was believed to be more recognisable than *Alice in Wonderland* and was seen in over two dozen territories around the world.
## History
Around 1928, S. G. Hulme Beaman, originally an actor, began to create wooden toys in light of Germany losing its grip on the industry. These became popular with the children of his local area of Golders Green, and in 1928 he published the book *Tales of Toytown*, based on them. May Jenkin, who was \"Aunt Elizabeth\" for *Children\'s Hour*, came across the book and arranged for its six stories to be adapted for radio. The plays were successful, with Jenkin writing to Hulme Beaman demanding more, who would formulate them using his original wooden toys.
Although Larry the Lamb did feature in the original stories, he was not the main character. This changed when Derek McCulloch, who narrated the series and voiced him all the way until the end of its run, asked Hulme Beaman to give Larry a bigger role.
Inspired by Walt Disney's early cartoons, Hulme Beaman experimented with marionettes and animation with Pathé, adapting his radio play *The Arkville Dragon* for this medium. Sadly, Hulme Beaman died that same year of pneumonia, however, as the BBC believed the best tribute would be to continue it, his plays continued to be remounted until 1964, when *Children's Hour* ended.
Hulme Beaman\'s friend Hendrik Baker worked to keep *Toytown* popular, with a stage adaptation of *The Cruise of the Toytown Belle* and vinyl records by EMI. In 1962 he founded Larry the Lamb Ltd. to handle the television rights to the plays; producing two cartoon films with Halas and Batchelor (*The Showing Up of Larry the Lamb* and *The Tale of the Magician*) before authorising a musical stage play by David Wood and then a stop-motion series networked by Thames Television on ITV and repeated until 1984.
In addition, from 1956 to 1958 Gordon Murray adapted eighteen of the 30 original plays in puppet form, deciding to use rod puppets to emulate Hulme Beaman\'s original models.
Following Hendrik\'s death in 1991, Larry the Lamb Limited was dissolved, with his family doubting whether they still owned copyright for the series.
| 475 |
Toytown
| 0 |
11,091,177 |
# Toytown
## Characters
- Larry the Lamb - The protagonist and best friend of Dennis. Larry and Dennis are very mischievous and the closest thing Toytown has to hoodlums. On one occasion they vandalized the mayor\'s statue, and on another they convinced everyone there was a dragon on the loose (which by coincidence there really was).
- Dennis the Dachshund. Clever friend of Larry. He speaks with a strong German accent and uses German word-order in his sentences. He is good at turning barrels and spit wheels. He dreams of being an Alsatian and particularly dislikes being called a \"sausage dog\".
- Mr. Mayor - Toytown\'s chief official. He is rather pompous and has had a statue of himself placed in the town square. He has an inferiority complex about his short stature, and on one occasion asked the Magician to make him \"big\". (He misheard him and turned him into a pig.)
- Ernest the Policeman - Keeps \"law and order\" but rarely ever arrests anyone. He is always threatening to write down people\'s names and addresses in his notebook. He considers himself the Mayor\'s deputy, and on one occasion set himself up as \"mayor\" while his superior was away on a rest cure.
- Mr. Inventor - A brilliant engineer, capable of making almost anything. On one occasion however he was stumped at how to make an engine for the Mayor\'s car, and asked Larry and Dennis to provide the propulsion. He suffered the derision of Mr. Growser when this deception was revealed.
- Mr. Noah - Keeps a menagerie of animals in his \"Ark\", who are usually up to no good.
- Mr. Growser - A disagreeable old gentleman who is always finding things to complain about - usually the behavior of his fellow citizens. His favourite phrase is \"It\'s disgraceful, it ought not to be allowed!\"
- The Magician - A sorcerer who makes a specialty of granting people\'s wishes. In one story Larry becomes his apprentice.
- Captain Higgins - A very disciplinary man, who was originally a sentry guarding the Town Hall. During the Great Toytown War he was appointed Captain.
- Peter Brass - Formerly known as Captain Brass, the pirate, although he later became a decorator. Though he would still be involved in affairs of George the Highwayman and the Scum of Toytown.
- Mrs. Goose - Owns a tea shop, which Larry and Dennis sometimes work in, and has an affinity for Ernest.
- Letitia the Lambkin - A very young lamb, even more mischievous than Larry, who is often given the job of looking after her.
- The Mayor of Arkville - The Mayor of Toytown\'s rival, who considers his place better, and is often attacked by Mr. Noah\'s animals.
| 461 |
Toytown
| 1 |
11,091,177 |
# Toytown
## Radio plays {#radio_plays}
The first radio performances were as follows:
1. \"How Wireless Came to Toytown\": 29 Nov 1929
2. \"The Sea Voyage\": 27 Dec 1929
3. \"The Enchanted Ark\": 2 Jan 1930
4. \"The Arkville Dragon\": 30 Jan 1930
5. \"Larry the Plumber\": 18 Feb 1930
6. \"Toy Town Treasure\": 12 Mar 1930
7. \"The Great Toy Town Mystery! Who Was Guilty?\" 3 Apr 1930
8. \"The Extraordinary Affair of Ernest the Policeman\": 1 May 1930
9. \"The Portrait of the Mayor\": 6 June 1930
10. \"The Great Toy-Town War\": 14 Oct 1930
11. \"The Disgraceful Affair at Mrs. Goose\'s\": 14 Nov 1930
12. \"The Showing Up of Larry The Lamb\": 9 Dec 1930
13. \"The Kidnapping of Father Christmas, or Dirty Work at the Dog and Whistle\": 23 Dec 1930
14. \"The Babes in the Wood\": 13 Jan 1931
15. \"The Start of the Treasure Hunt\": 3 Feb 1931
16. \"In Which Mr. Growser\'s Worst Fears Are Realised\": 19 Feb 1931
17. \"The Wreck of the Toytown Belle\", part 1: 3 Mar 1931
18. \"The Wreck of the Toytown Belle\", part 2: 19 Mar 1931
19. \"Toy Town Goes West\": 31 Mar 1931
20. \"Mr. Noah\'s Holiday\": 21 Apr 1931
21. \"Pistols for Two\": 12 May 1931
22. \"Dreadful Doings at Ark Street\": 9 June 1931
23. \"Frightfulness at the Theatre Royal\": 22 Sept 1931
24. \"Golf (Toytown Rules)\": 13 Oct 1931
25. \"Tea for Two\": 3 Nov 1931
26. \"Mr. Growser Moves\": 1 Dec 1931
27. \"A Toytown Christmas Party\": 22 Dec 1931
28. \"The Brave Deed of Ernest the Policeman\": 2 Feb 1932 (later removed from cycle)
29. \"The Conversion of Mr. Growser\": 23 Feb 1932
| 283 |
Toytown
| 2 |
11,091,177 |
# Toytown
## Television episodes {#television_episodes}
### 1956-1958 series
1. \"The Tale of the Magician\" - 17 January 1956
2. \"The Toytown Treasure\" - 16 February 1956
3. \"Portrait of the Mayor\" - 29 March 1956
4. \"The Great Toytown Mystery\" - 5 October 1956
5. \"Dreadful Doings in Ark Street\" - 19 October 1956
6. \"How the Wireless Came to Toytown\" - 2 November 1956
7. \"The Great Toytown War\" - 16 November 1956
8. \"The Enchanted Ark\" - 30 November 1956
9. \"Conversion of Mr. Growser\" - 11 January 1957
10. \"Larry the Plumber\" - 4 April 1957
11. \"The Showing Up of Larry the Lamb\" - 18 April 1957
12. \"Mr. Growser Moves\" - 2 May 1957
13. \"The Arkville Dragon\" - 16 May 1957
14. \"Pistols for Two\" - 13 June 1957
15. \"Frightfulness at the Theatre Royal\" - 27 June 1957
16. \"The Extraordinary Affair of Ernest the Policeman\" - 18 October 1957
17. \"The Cruise of the Toytown Belle\" - 11 September 1958
18. \"The Wreck of the Toytown Belle\" - 18 September 1958
### 1972-1974 series {#series_1}
#### Series One (1972) {#series_one_1972}
1. \"The Arkville Dragon\" - 18 September 1972
2. \"The Tale of Captain Brass the Pirate\" - 25 September 1972
3. \"The Tale of the Magician\" - 2 October 1972
4. \"Mr Growser Moves\" - 9 October 1972
5. \"The Showing Up of Larry the Lamb\" - 16 October 1972
6. \"Larry the Plumber\" - 23 October 1972
7. \"The Tale of the Inventor\" - 30 October 1972
8. \"Dreadful Doings in Ark Street\" - 6 November 1972
9. \"The Great Toytown War\" - 13 November 1972
10. \"The Toytown Mystery\" - 20 November 1972
11. \"How the Wireless Came to Toytown\" - 27 November 1972
12. \"Tea for Two\" - 4 December 1972
13. \"The Mayor's Sea Voyage\" - 11 December 1972
#### Series Two (1974) {#series_two_1974}
1. \"The Extraordinary Affair of Ernest the Policeman\" - 13 May 1974
2. \"A Portrait of the Mayor\" - 20 May 1974
3. \"Pistols for Two\" - 27 May 1974
4. \"The Enchanted Ark\" - 3 June 1974
5. \"Toytown Goes West\" - 10 June 1974
6. \"The Tale of Ernest the Policeman\" - 17 June 1974
7. \"The Disgraceful Business at Mrs Goose\'s\" - 5 August 1974
8. \"Dirty Work at the Dog & Whistle\" - 12 August 1974
9. \"The Toytown Treasure\" - 19 August 1974
10. \"The Brave Deed of Ernest the Policeman\" - 26 August 1974
11. \"The Theatre Royal\" - 2 September 1974
12. \"Mr. Noah\'s Holiday\" - 9 September 1974
13
| 434 |
Toytown
| 3 |
11,091,183 |
# Treatment Action Group
**Treatment Action Group** (TAG) is a U.S.-based organization that has been prominent within the movement of HIV/AIDS activism. Being formed in 1991, it has possessed the goals of working with worldwide efforts to increase research on treatments for HIV and for deadly co-infections that affect individuals with HIV, such as hepatitis C and tuberculosis, as well as spur on greater access to and efficient usage of already available treatments. The group additionally monitors research on a possible HIV vaccine and on fundamental science aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS.
## History
The Treatment Action Group had its origins in the AIDS activist organization, ACT UP New York. In January 1992, members of the Treatment and Data Committee of ACT UP left the parent group to create a non-profit organization focused on accelerating treatment research.
During the early 1990s, TAG members, including Mark Harrington and Spencer Cox, advocated with government scientists, drug company researchers, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration officials to speed the development of new HIV therapies. The group produced an influential policy report on government investment in basic science, which recommended increasing funding to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and reorganizing the national AIDS research effort.
Following approval of several effective antiretroviral drugs in 1995, Treatment Action Group pressed government and industry to conduct research to understand the long-term effects of the new drugs.
In 2002, TAG began raising awareness of the impact that tuberculosis (TB) was having on people with HIV in the developing world. In 2007, the organization received a \$4.7 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to foster increased international advocacy on TB/HIV research and treatment.
In 2020, Doctors Without Borders (MSF) stated that that price Cepheid Inc charged for its Xpert Xpress tests was not affordable in countries where people live on less than two dollars a day. They estimated that the cost to Cepheid of providing the test is as low as US\$3, and called the offered US\$19.80, price profiteering, asking that Cepheid make a more moderate profit by selling the tests for US\$5 each. TAG seconded this request, saying that the development of the tests, and their purchase and global deployment, has been done with public funds, while the owners of Cepeid made profits of \$3 billion in 2019. They requested the same price reduction for all the tests using the same technique, including COVID-19, HIV, TB, and hepatitis C, as the costs are similar regardless of the disease (the tests convert the RNA of the RNA virus into DNA, then tests for the presence of some DNA sequences). This request started the \"Time for \$5\" campaign.
On June 20, 2024, MSF announced its Access To Medicines campaign is shutting down. TAG criticized the move by MSF in an open letter by Mark Harrington. The open letter declares: \"The shuttering of the Access Campaign will have an extremely negative effect on the very populations whom MSF stands in solidarity\.... We urge you to reverse the decision to close down the Access Campaign and engage with our communities to ensure continued collaboration.\"
## Mission statement {#mission_statement}
Treatment Action Group\'s mission statement describes the group as: \"an independent AIDS research and policy think tank fighting for better treatment, a vaccine, and a cure for AIDS.\"
> TAG works to ensure that all people with HIV receive life saving treatment, care, and information. We are science-based treatment activists working to expand and accelerate vital research and effective community engagement with research and policy institutions. TAG catalyzes open collective action by all affected communities, scientists, and policymakers to end AIDS.
## In the media {#in_the_media}
TAG\'s September 1991 demonstration at the home of Senator Jesse Helms was documented in Robert Hilferty\'s film *I Wrapped a Giant Condom Over Jesse Helms\' House*.
The relationship between TAG and ACT UP is also discussed in the 2012 documentary *How to Survive a Plague*
| 653 |
Treatment Action Group
| 0 |
11,091,192 |
# 3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade
The **3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade** is a United States Marine Corps unit that is the \"middleweight\" crises response force of choice in the Pacific Area of Operation. It is the Marine Corps' only permanently forward-deployed Brigade sized Marine Air-Ground Task Force and is a resilient, ready and relevant force able to rapidly deploy and conduct operations across the spectrum from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to amphibious assault and high intensity combat. 3d MEB maintains a forward presence in the Pacific Theater to support contingencies and alliance relationships. 3d MEB also conducts combined operations and training throughout the region in support of United States national security strategy.
## History
### Early years {#early_years}
In December 1917 the 3rd Provisional Brigade was activated in Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia from elements of the Advanced Base Force and was subsequently deployed to Cuba to protect U.S. sugar producing interests, which were becoming victim to sabotage by German-backed Cuban rebels. Upon arrival in Cuba with the 9th Marine Regiment, the Brigade took control of the 7th Marine Regiment and began to protect U.S. owned property, freeing up the Cuban Army to chase the rebels. In early 1918 rebel activity had subsided and the Brigade was relocated in August 1918 to Galveston, Texas to serve as a ready force should a contingency arise in the Caribbean. The following April the Brigade was deactivated.
In March 1927, the 3rd Marine Brigade was again activated at MCB Quantico under the command of Brigadier General Smedley Butler. The Brigade subsequently deployed to Shanghai, China with artillery and aviation assets. Once they arrived in China, the brigade took control of the 4th Marine Regiment and the 6th Marine Regiment upon their arrival in May. During this period, the Brigade was responsible for aiding the foreign powers present in keeping the Chinese out of the international settlement, which was becoming a target of Chinese anti-foreign sentiment. In 1928, Chiang Kai-shek became president of China and the Brigade was subsequently withdrawn and deactivated in January 1929.
### World War II {#world_war_ii}
In March 1942, the Brigade was reactivated at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina and deployed to Western Samoa, to garrison and defend the island. The Brigade was composed of the 7th Marines and 1/11 Marines. The Brigade was again deactivated in November 1943.
In 1946 the Marine Corps was ordered to begin demobilizing its ranks. When the 6th Marine Division, stationed in Qingdao, China began to deactivate, the remaining headquarters, service, medical, and artillery battalions along with the 4th Marine Regiment were redesignated the 3d Marine Brigade in April. They continued to perform occupation duties until the remaining Brigade personnel were absorbed into the 4th Marine Regiment in June and the Brigade again ceased to exist.
Post-war Southern California and the newly established Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton saw massive numbers of Marines and units returning from the war in the Pacific. In September 1946 as replacement draftees were being sent overseas to allow the combat veterans performing occupation duties to return home, the 3rd Marine Brigade was again established with the 6th Marine Regiment as its nucleus. The Brigade consisted primarily of administrative groups and some infantry units as they returned to the states to be deactivated. In May 1947 the 1st Marine Division reclaimed the rest of the personnel returning from overseas as well as those in the Brigade, which again was deactivated.
### 1950s through 1990s {#s_through_1990s}
After the Marine Corps' quick response to the Korean War and expansion of its ranks, the Brigade headquarters was again established in June 1951 around the 3rd Marine Regiment at MCB Camp Pendleton. In 1952 Congress mandated that the Marine Corps be maintained at a strength no less than three divisions and aircraft wings. In response, the Commandant of the Marine Corps designated the 3rd Marine Brigade as the nucleus of the soon to be reactivated 3rd Marine Division. In January 1952, the Brigade was absorbed by the division and once again ceased to exist.
In May 1962, in response to the Soviet Union aiding the Pathet Lao Army in Laos, the 3d Marine Expeditionary Brigade was formed from 3rd Marine Division personnel and began landing 3000 Marines as a show of force in Thailand as a component of Joint Task Force 116. The MEB forces included the 3rd Battalion, 9th Marines, HMR-261 and VMA-332. The show of force was over by August and the MEB was reabsorbed into the 3rd Marine Division.
In April 1965 as the forces began to build up in the Republic of Vietnam, the 3d MEB was reactivated at Camp Hague, Okinawa, boarded transport ships of the 7th Fleet and sailed for the Republic of Vietnam. En route to the Republic of Vietnam, the MEB was redesignated the 3rd Marine Amphibious Brigade. They arrived off the coast later that month, conducted a landing in Chu Lai and established an expeditionary airfield. At the end of the month the MAB was deactivated and absorbed into the III Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF).
In April 1971, III MAF withdrew from the Republic of Vietnam and the 3rd MAB was reactivated at Da Nang to oversee the 13,600 Marines of the 1st Marine Regiment, MAG-11 and MAG-16, which remained in country while the Combined Action Program was phased out. On 7 May, ground and air operations ceased, the last ground troops sailed in June, and the 3d MAB was subsequently deactivated.
| 912 |
3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade
| 0 |
11,091,192 |
# 3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade
## History
### 2000 -- present
In January 2000 III MEF Forward, in the midst of supporting International Force for East Timor during Operation Stabilize, stood down and the 3d Marine Expeditionary Brigade was reactivated. Since its reactivation, it has been actively engaged in regional contingency planning as well as numerous joint and combined exercises.
In late 2004, 3rd MEB provided most of the forces for Joint Task Force 535, which provided disaster relief after floods in the Philippines.
During May and June 2006 the 3d MEB provided logistics and medical support to thousands of victims of the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake. Also in 2006, 3d MEB assisted with relief to mudslide victims as a result of the Mayon Volcano in Republic of Philippines. The MEB has a longstanding tradition of humanitarian assistance within the Philippines, and in 2007 participated Operation Goodwill, a three-part mission involving 3rd MEB and `{{USS|Comstock|LSD-45}}`{=mediawiki}.
In November 2007 Cyclone Sidr struck Dhaka, Bangladesh killing close to 3,000 people and displacing nearly one million from their homes. 3D MEB deployed to provide humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in support of Operation Sea Angel II where they delivered over 25,000 gallons of water the first day and over 352,000 lbs. of food, tents, and clothing throughout the operation.
In 2009 and 2010 3D MEB again deployed to the Philippines to provide humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. On Oct. 18, 2010 Typhoon Juan (known as Megi locally) struck the Philippines leaving 26 dead and 39 injured. It occurred when a U.S/Philippine bilateral military exercise was already taking place. 3D MEB was already on scene and was able to team up with the Armed Forces of the Philippines to provide over 170,000 lbs. of relief supplies to those in need.
When the March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami devastated the coastal areas of northeastern Japan, 3D MEB deployed to mainland Japan as a part of Operation Tomodachi as the III MEF forward. 3D MEB deployed KC-130J aircraft and helicopters from Okinawa to Sendai to assist with relief operations and distribution of emergency food, water and shelter, as well as established a Forward Command Element in Sendai to coordinate relief operations.
On 13 December 2011, the 3d MEB was officially reactivated. It has subsequently participated in exercises and operations throughout the Pacific region. The 3d MEB was declared Initially Operationally Capable in 2012 and Fully Operationally Capable in 2013.
In November 2013, 3D MEB deployed to the Republic of the Philippines to support humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations in the wake of Super Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Yolanda) during Operation Damayan. More than 14 million people were affected by the super typhoon and 3D MEB was able to respond to the request of the Government of the Philippines within hours under the direction of USAID and the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. More than 2,000 tons of relief supplies were delivered using the Marine Corps' MV-22 Osprey aircraft, and more than 20,000 victims were evacuated from affected areas around Tacloban.
Most recently in April and May 2015, 3D MEB deployed to Nepal for Operation Sahayogi Haat to aid victims of the magnitude 8.1 earthquake, which killed 9,000 people, injured 22,000, toppled buildings throughout the capital Kathmandu, and created numerous landslides and avalanches. The MEB deployed C-130s, MV-22 Ospreys and UH-1Y Venoms to deliver 115 tons of relief supplies and evacuate 75 people from isolated areas. On May 12, a UH-1Y Venom helicopter crashed while on a relief mission to an isolated area (2015 Charikot helicopter crash) killing all 13 people aboard, including Marine pilots and crew, two combat correspondents, and Nepalese soldiers and civilians.
Since reactivation in 2011, the MEB has participated in annual exercises in the region such as Ssang Yong and Balikatan. 3D MEB is always prepared to respond within 24 hours to crises throughout the region. In the event of a contingency, 3D MEB will mitigate foreign or domestic crises, protect U.S. citizens and territories, or counter threats to U.S. national interests as needed. In its current role, the 3d MEB serves as a permanent headquarters which can command forces of differing sizes and compositions. 3D MEB remains the resilient, ready and relevant crisis response force in the Indo-Asia-Pacific Region and is actively engaged in ongoing regional contingency planning as well as participating in numerous joint and combined exercises to increase regional security and stability
| 735 |
3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade
| 1 |
11,091,200 |
# Queset House
**Queset House** is a house located at 51 Main Street, North Easton, Massachusetts next to the Ames Free Library. The house was built in 1854 from a design by noted architect Andrew Jackson Downing under commission from industrialist Oakes Angier Ames. In 1872 John Ames Mitchell designed its rear extension. Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted planned its grounds.
The Ames Free Library purchased the house in 2007. The building is used as an extension of the library\'s special programs, including monthly meetings of library groups
| 88 |
Queset House
| 0 |
11,091,246 |
# Kilquade
**Kilquade**, historically *Killcowade* (`{{Irish place name|Cill Chomhaid}}`{=mediawiki}), is a townland and a Roman Catholic parish in north County Wicklow, Ireland. It lies between Kilpedder and Kilcoole, about one kilometre east of Junction 12 (Kilpedder) of the N11 national primary route. It is part of the barony of Newcastle and lies within both the civil parishes of Kilcoole and Newcastle Lower.
The church, St. Patrick\'s, was built in 1802, refurbished in 2002-2003 and rededicated in 2004. Directly across the road from the church is the National Garden Exhibition Centre.
## Catholic parish {#catholic_parish}
The Catholic Parish of Kilquade includes the areas of Kilquade, Kilpedder, Kilcoole, Newcastle, Delgany and Newtownmountkennedy. The parish has three churches, the parish church at Kilquade and chapels at Newtownmountkenneddy and Kilcoole.
The parish church was restored to mark its bicentenary in 2002 and refurbished in 2004. The original church was burned down during the 1798 Rebellion, but was rebuilt in 1802, and many of its original features such as the old stone floor and the windows above the sanctuary were restored.
St Patrick\'s Church, Kilquade has a long history. The name Kilquade (Irish: *Cill Comhghaid*) refers to St. Comghaid who had a hermit\'s cell or a church in the area. There was a Catholic community in the area in the 17th century, two chalices still in use, bear the inscription \"Anno Domini 1633\" and \"24th November 1759\". Official records from 1701 list Fr. Seneca Fitzwilliam as the incumbent priest recognized by the British government under the Penal Laws.
Tradition in the area relates that the original church was burnt down in the time of Cromwell and rebuilt again, and in 1798 the church was definitely burnt down. In 1802, the present church was built. Part of the funding for the new building was in the form of a \"Restoration Grant\" of £77 which came from the British government. Consequently, St Patrick's Church is known as a \"Compensation Church\" and is the only such church remaining in the Dublin Diocese
| 334 |
Kilquade
| 0 |
11,091,249 |
# 3rd Tank Battalion
The **3rd Tank Battalion** (3rd Tanks) was an armor battalion of the United States Marine Corps. It was formed during World War II and played a part in several Pacific island battles, most notably Iwo Jima, where its flame tanks played a key role in securing the island. After the war, the battalion was based at Camp Pendleton but remained inactive until the outbreak of the Korean War, eventually moving to Okinawa. Along with the 1st Tank Battalion, 3rd Tanks was involved in major combat operations in South Vietnam from 1965 to 1969. Afterwards it concentrated on desert warfare and fought in the first Gulf War in 1991. It was deactivated for the last time in 1992.
## History
### World War II {#world_war_ii}
The 3rd Tank Battalion was formed during World War II on 16 September 1942. Each of the three regimental combat teams of the 3rd Marine Division had their own tank company and a scout car platoon. The 9th Marines tank company became Company A, 21st Marines company became Company B, and the 23rd Marines (later redesigned Third Marines) company became Company C.
When the battalion was formed it absorbed the three companies; a Headquarters and Service Company, Company D, and Company E (a Scout and Sniper Company). Company E (Scouts) was a combined arms reconnaissance (CAR) unit that had three scout platoons. They were formed from a group of reassigned reconnaissance scouts from the Scout and Sniper companies within the 3rd Marine Division. They became the forerunner of the Marine Division Reconnaissance assets used by the Marine divisions today. For greater mobility and firepower, the division commander equipped his scout company with light tanks to reinforce his regimental infantry units; especially useful for reconnaissance in force (RIF) tasks. Its mechanized armor uses are also in effect today. During the 1980s, the Light Armored Reconnaissance battalions were formed, revitalizing the same methods used during World War II.
In January--February 1943, they deployed to Auckland, New Zealand.
They participated in the Battle of Bougainville, Battle of Guam and the Battle of Iwo Jima. For Guam the battalion received six M4A2 Sherman\'s with E4-5 auxiliary flamethrowers in place of their 30 cal. bow guns. Arriving on Iwo Jima on 20 February 1945, the battalion brought its flame tanks and played an important role in the capture of the island. From Iwo Jima the battalion returned to the US via Guam. In Guam the battalion received 18 upgraded tanks produced by the Seabees that had been intended for the Army\'s 713th flame tank Battalion on Okinawa. The battalion embarked for San Diego in December 1945 and on 7 January 1946 was deactivated at Camp Pendleton. The Marine Corps would store the POA-CWS-H5 Flametanks the battalion received in Guam at Camp Pendleton and Hawaii. They would see action in Korea.
- The battalion received a Presidential Unit Citation for its actions on Iwo Jima.
### Korean War {#korean_war}
With the outbreak of the Korean War the battalion was reactivated at Camp Pendleton on 5 March 1952. In August 1953, the battalion sailed for Yokohama, Japan for service with the 3rd Marine Division at Camp Fuji. In February 1956, the 3d Tank Battalion was relocated to Okinawa and the following year moved to Camp Hansen, Okinawa.
### Vietnam War {#vietnam_war}
On 3 March 1965 SSgt John Downey, 3rd platoon, Company B, 3rd US Marine Corps 3rd Tank Battalion, drove his M48A3 Patton tank off the landing craft onto Red Beach 2 in I Corps, South Vietnam. SSgt Downey\'s USMC *Patton* tank became the first US tank to enter the Vietnam War. The 3rd Tank Battalion conducted combat operations in South Vietnam from 1965 to 1969 and set up a command post at Da Nang. In 1965 the 3rd Tanks engaged the Viet Cong 1st Regiment southwest of Da Nang, pushing them into the sea, and killing over 700 men. However, after the two-day battle, seven of the 3rd Tank Battalion\'s M48s had suffered hits, three of which were hit so badly they could no longer traverse their turrets, and one of the three was so damaged that it had to be destroyed by a demolition team.
Eventually two full battalions, consisting of the USMC 1st and 3rd Tank Battalions, would end up conducting combat operations in northern I Corps, South Vietnam. They participated in combat actions against communist forces during the Tet Offensive of 1968, and during the re-taking of the city of Huế, and the siege of Khe Sanh during that same enemy offensive. Until their re-deployment in November 1969, the 3rd Tanks served as an armored defense at the DMZ along the 17th Parallel.
### Post Vietnam {#post_vietnam}
This was a period of desert tactical doctrine development for the Marine Corps and the 3rd Tank Battalion played a major role developing the concept of the tank battalion as a maneuver element in extended inland warfare during a multitude of Combined Arms Exercises (CAX) and the 1981/82 joint training operation, Gallant Eagle.
Around the time of the Iran-U.S. Hostage Crisis (1979-1981) the US Department of Defense developed a concept for rapid deployment of forces which became the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF). The 3rd Tank Battalion (-) Reinforced, along with an infantry battalion and an artillery battalion all collocated at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC), Marine Corps Base 29 Palms, California became the combat power of the newly reformed 27th Marine Regiment in the newly formed 7th Marine Amphibious Brigade (MAB). The two headquarters for the 27th Marines and the 7th MAB received Navy Meritorious Unit Citations for the period May 1980 - Aug 1983.
| 941 |
3rd Tank Battalion
| 0 |
11,091,249 |
# 3rd Tank Battalion
## History
### Gulf War I {#gulf_war_i}
The battalion joined the 1st Marine Division upon that unit\'s arrival in Saudi Arabia on 15 August 1990, with the 3rd Tank Battalion mainly using M60A1s. They remained in support of the 7th Marine Regiment known as Task Force \"Ripper.\" Alpha company was attached to 1/7 during the war. During Operation Desert Storm, the battalion fought a four-day ground campaign from 24 to 28 February 1991, and returned to the United States in April 1991. 3rd Tank Battalion and all of its subordinate companies were awarded the Navy Unit Citation for the period 14 Aug 1990 -- 16 Apr 1991. The battalion was deactivated on 1 June 1992.
## Unit awards {#unit_awards}
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. 3rd Tanks was presented with the following awards:
-- -------------------------------------------------------------
Presidential Unit Citation with 1 bronze star
Navy Unit Commendation
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 4 bronze stars
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal with 2 bronze stars
Korean Service Medal
Southwest Asia Service Medal with 2 bronze stars
Vietnam Service Medal with 2 silver stars and 1 bronze star
Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm Streamer
Kuwait Liberation Medal
-- -------------------------------------------------------------
| 233 |
3rd Tank Battalion
| 1 |
11,091,249 |
# 3rd Tank Battalion
## Insignia
The coat of arms of the 3rd Tank Battalion is that of the 3rd Marine Division, differenced by surmounting the caltrop with a M4A3 Sherman tank, as used on Iwo Jima during WWII and stenciled with a number \"3\" on the turret and \"USMC\" on the hull in gold, all above a Marine Corps emblem of gold. A gold banner above the shield is inscribed \"Third Tank Battalion\" and another below the shield has \"Shock, Mobility, Firepower\" in scarlet. Subsequent insignia and devices are variations of this original insignia, typically changing the tank to a more modern version
| 104 |
3rd Tank Battalion
| 2 |
11,091,254 |
# Carl Sagan Medal
The **Carl Sagan Medal for Excellence in Public Communication in Planetary Science** is an award established by the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society to recognize and honor outstanding communication by an active planetary scientist to the general public. It is awarded to scientists whose efforts have significantly contributed to a public understanding of, and enthusiasm for planetary science
| 66 |
Carl Sagan Medal
| 0 |
11,091,293 |
# 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade (United States)
**1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade** (1st MEB) was a formation most recently assigned to I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF). First established as 1st Brigade (1901-1914), the brigade has also been activated as 1st Marine Brigade (1947-1949), 1st Provisional Marine Brigade (1950), 1st Provisional Marine Air-Ground Task Force (1953-1956), 1st Marine Brigade (1956-1985), 1st Marine Amphibious Brigade (1985-1988), and 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade (1988-1994, 1999-2017).
## History
The brigade was stationed at Kaneohe Bay Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) from 1956 (when the 1st Provisional Marine Air Ground Task Force was redesignated as the 1st Marine Brigade), until 30 September 1994, when the brigade was deactivated. In 1960 and again in 1964, the brigade participated in large-scale exercises in Taiwan; and in 1990 the 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade deployed to Southwest Asia during Operation Desert Shield.
From 1956 to 1985 while at Kaneohe MCAS, (now known as Marine Corps Base Hawaii), the unit was designated as the 1st Marine Brigade. From 1985 until 1988, the brigade was designated as the 1st Marine Amphibious Brigade and was then redesignated as the 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade. From 1971, in addition to the Brigade Headquarters Group as its Command Element (CE), the 1st Marine Brigade consisted of the 3rd Marine Regiment (from 1956 until 1965 the 4th Marine Regiment filled this role in the brigade) as its Ground Combat Element (GCE), Marine Aircraft Group 24 (MAG-24) as its Aviation Combat Element (ACE), and a Brigade Service Support Group (BSSG) as it Logistics Combat Element (LCE).
NATO Symbol
------------------
{{Mil Map Symbol
## Organization
- Command Element - Battalion equivalent Headquarters & Service Company organization, formed of companies/detachments sourced from the parent MEF HQ Group and staff, and with the Deputy MEF Commander as the MEB Commander.
- Ground Combat Element (GCE)- Regimental Combat Team (RCT) consisting of a reinforced Marine Infantry Regiment.
- Aviation Combat Element (ACE)- Marine Aircraft Group (MAG), consisting of a combination of rotary-wing, tiltrotor, and/or fixed wing aircraft squadrons/detachments and aviation support squadrons/detachments, capable of conducting all six functions of Marine aviation including offensive air support, assault support, electronic warfare, control of aircraft and missiles, anti-air warfare and aerial reconnaissance.
- Logistics Combat Element (LCE)- Combat Logistics Regiment (CLR), consisting of anywhere from 1 to 3 Combat Logistics Battalions (CLB) and capable of providing full-spectrum Combat Service Support to all elements of the MEB
| 401 |
1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade (United States)
| 0 |
11,091,294 |
# 2005 Bethlehem municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Bethlehem in 2005
| 13 |
2005 Bethlehem municipal election
| 0 |
11,091,305 |
# Girenbad
\[\[<File:Girenbad> Hinwil.JPG\|thumb\|350x350px\|Girenbad {
` "type": "FeatureCollection",`\
` "features": [`\
` {`\
` "type": "Feature",`\
` "properties": {},`\
` "geometry": {`\
` "type": "Point",`\
` "coordinates": [ 47.3098855, 8.871676 ]`\
` }`\
` },`\
` {`\
` "type": "Feature",`\
` "properties": {},`\
` "geometry": {`\
` "type": "Point",`\
` "coordinates": [ 8.8716759, 47.3098855 ]`\
` }`\
` }`\
` ]`
} \]\] **Girenbad** is a village in the municipality of Hinwil in the Canton of Zürich, Switzerland
| 78 |
Girenbad
| 0 |
11,091,328 |
# HTC Sonata
The **HTC Sonata** is a smartphone model designed by HTC and powered by the Windows Mobile 2003 SE Smartphone Edition operating system. It has 2.2\" 176x220px screen resolution. This phone was released in September 2004.
It is also known as Dopod 577W, QTek 8310, O2 Xda IQ, i-mate SP5 & SP5m, Vodafone V1240.
The HTC Sonata is also known as T-Mobile SDA released in Europe. It differs from the T-Mobile SDA II released by the T-Mobile USA which is a HTC Tornado
| 85 |
HTC Sonata
| 0 |
11,091,346 |
# Acciona Energía
**Acciona Energía**, a subsidiary of Acciona based in Madrid, is involved in the energy industry: the development and structuring of projects, engineering, construction, supply, operations, maintenance, asset management and management and sales of clean energy.
## History
Milestones in its history include the installation in December 1994 of the first commercial wind farm in Spain on the Sierra del Perdón, next to Pamplona, Navarre, by the Energía Hidroeléctrica de Navarra, S.A. company, acquired by ACCIONA in 2003 and 2004, and the KW Tarifa wind farm by the Alabe company, a subsidiary of ACCIONA, in 1995.
In 2009, it acquired more than two GW (gigawatts) of renewable assets as part of the operation agreed with the Enel electric group where ACCIONA stopped participating in Endesa.
Since July 1, 2021, ACCIONA Energía has been listed on the Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia Stock Exchanges, under the ANE ticker, with ACCIONA, S.A. as the primary shareholder as of December 31, 2021.
## Business lines {#business_lines}
ACCIONA Energía (with the business name of Corporación Acciona Energías Renovables, S.A.) counts with renewable energy assets in five technologies (wind power, solar energy, hydroelectricity, biomass and solar thermal energy) which, as of December 31, 2021, added up to 11.2 gigawatts (GW) of installed capacity. This capacity is distributed between 16 countries in all five continents and in 2021 it produced a total of 24.5 terawatt-hours (TWh) of 100% renewable energy, equivalent to the electric consumption of 7.6 million homes. The company has announced its goals of reaching a total installed capacity of 20 GW by 2025 and of 30 GW by 2030, with new installations primarily for wind power and solar energy.
Besides generating and selling renewable energy, ACCIONA Energía also works in the following industries: energy for self-consumption, energy efficiency services, installation and operation of infrastructure for charging electric vehicles, and green hydrogen industries, focused primarily on corporate and institutional clients.
In 2021, it invested more than 91 million euros in innovation projects. This activity was primarily focused on green hydrogen, offshore wind power, innovative photovoltaic systems, smart bidirectional chargers for electric vehicles, circular economy, life extension of renewable assets, advanced O&M technologies and energy storage, among others.
## International presence {#international_presence}
ACCIONA Energía counts with an active presence in 25 countries throughout the five continents. The primary geographic areas where it operates, besides Spain, are North America (the United States and Canada), Latin America (Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic) and Australia. It is also present in Africa, with projects in Egypt and South Africa, as well as in other European countries (Portugal, France, Italy, Poland, Croatia, Ukraine and Hungary)
| 442 |
Acciona Energía
| 0 |
11,091,389 |
# Danava (album)
***Danava*** is the debut album released by psychedelic rock band Danava. It was released on October 31, 2006 by Kemado Records on CD and LP.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"By the Mark\" -- 7:49
2. \"Eyes in Disguise\" -- 12:53
3. \"Quiet Babies Astray in a Manger\" -- 6:19
4. \"Longdance\" -- 7:59
5
| 58 |
Danava (album)
| 0 |
11,091,433 |
# St Botolph's, Aldersgate
**St Botolph without Aldersgate** (also known as **St Botolph\'s, Aldersgate**) is a Church of England church in London dedicated to St Botolph. It was built just outside Aldersgate, one of the gates on London\'s wall, in the City of London.
The church, located on Aldersgate Street, is of medieval origin. The church survived the Great Fire of London with only minor damage but subsequently fell into disrepair and was rebuilt in 1788--91. The church is renowned for its beautiful interior and historic organ. It is used by the London City Presbyterian Church, a congregation of the Free Church of Scotland.
## Dedication
The church was dedicated to Saint Botolph, or Botwulf, a 7th-century East Anglian abbot and saint. By the end of the 11th century, Botolph was regarded as the patron saint of boundaries and, by extension, trade, and travel. The veneration of Botolph was most pronounced before the legend of St Christopher became popular amongst travellers.
There were four churches in London dedicated to Botolph, three outside the city gates at Aldersgate, St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate, and St Botolph\'s Aldgate. A fourth, St Botolph Billingsgate, was near the waterfront wharves and London Bridge. St Botolph Billingsgate was destroyed by fire in 1666 and not rebuilt. The location of these churches at the edge of London reflects all three aspects of Botolph\'s patronage.
## History
### Medieval church {#medieval_church}
The church was founded before 1291. The earliest recorded rector was John de Steventon in 1333. The living was originally in the possession of St. Martin\'s-le-Grand, but on the dissolution of the priory, King Henry VIII granted it to the bishop of the newly founded Diocese of Westminster. The patronage eventually passed to the dean and chapter of Westminster Abbey.
During the Middle Ages, there was a hospital for the poor outside Aldersgate. A Cluniac foundation, it was suppressed by King Henry V as an alien house, and its lands and goods were granted to the parish of St Botolph.
The Gothic-style medieval church was divided into aisles and a nave by arcades. There were three gables at the east end. In 1627, the steeple was rebuilt in Portland stone with battlements and a turret, and the rest of the church was repaired. Many of the pews were replaced, and a new clock and dial were installed. The improvements cost, in total, £415. The medieval church was 78 ft long and 51 ft wide. The 17th-century steeple was about 65 ft high and contained six bells. In an account published in 1773, the church is described as having galleries on the north and west sides, oak pews, and a carved oak pulpit.
### Eighteenth-century rebuilding {#eighteenth_century_rebuilding}
The church escaped the Great Fire of London with only minor damage, but, having become unsafe, was demolished and rebuilt in its present form in 1788--1791 under the supervision of Nathaniel Wright, surveyor to the north district of the City of London. The new church was built of brick, with a low square bell tower at the west end constructed on the remains of its stone predecessor.
The plain exterior is in contrast to what John Betjeman called an \"exalting\" succession of features inside. The interior has wooden galleries supported on square panelled columns, a semi-circular apse with a half dome, a highly decorated plasterwork ceiling, and, at the east end the only 18th century stained glass window in the City of London, a depiction of *The Agony in the Garden* painted by James Pearson. The stained glass in the aisles is partly Victorian, and partly from the 1940s. Some monuments were preserved from the old church, including the tomb of Anne Packington, who died in 1563. The organ, in a gallery at the west end, is by Samuel Green and dates from 1788.
The east façade, towards Aldersgate Street, is a screen wall, erected in 1831 and executed in Roman cement, with a pediment and four attached Ionic columns standing on a high plinth, with a Venetian window between them.
The church underwent several restorations during the 19th and 20th centuries, and many of the furnishings are from the late 19th century.
### Twentieth and twenty-first centuries {#twentieth_and_twenty_first_centuries}
In the mid-1980s, the church was restored by Caroe & Partners. Work on the east front was completed in 2008.
In March 2023, after the Church of England\'s General Synod approved the principle of blessings for same-sex couples, the guild vicar of St Botolph\'s was announced as \"acting area dean\" of a new \"deanery chapter\", separate from the official diocesan structures, for clergy who felt \"compelled to resist all episcopal leadership from the House of Bishops\". This move was described by the Diocese of London as a \"unilateral move\" with \"no legal substance\", and by the *Church Times* as \"schismatic\".
## Churchyard
St Botolph\'s churchyard was combined with those of St Leonard, Foster Lane, and Christchurch, Newgate Street, into Postman\'s Park in 1880, and this now contains the Watts Memorial to Historic Self-Sacrifice, commemorating civilian Londoners who died heroic deaths.
The church was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950.
| 849 |
St Botolph's, Aldersgate
| 0 |
11,091,433 |
# St Botolph's, Aldersgate
## Current use {#current_use}
As a Guild Church, the church does not have a parish or Sunday services but holds lunchtime services during the week.
On Sundays, the London City Presbyterian Church uses the building. It is also the rehearsal venue for several orchestras
| 48 |
St Botolph's, Aldersgate
| 1 |
11,091,446 |
# Tess of the Storm Country (1922 film)
***Tess of the Storm Country*** is a 1922 silent film starring Mary Pickford, directed by John S. Robertson, and based upon a Grace Miller White novel. It is a remake of Pickford\'s film from eight years prior and was subsequently remade a decade later as a sound version starring Janet Gaynor.
## Plot
17-year-old Tess Skinner is the daughter of a squatter, and wealthy man Elias Graves, who owns the land, is trying to get rid of them and the other squatter families. Tess is just as determined to make sure they all stay. Elias, however, grows more stubborn with failure. His determination to disperse the squatters has become an obsession. He is determined to kick them out of his land, not caring they don\'t have another place to go to. Graves\' son, Frederick, is on her side and doesn\'t think about squatters the way his father does. Frederick\'s sister Teola fears her father, who thinks obedience is more important than love. She has fallen in love with law student Dan Jordan and one night lets Dan understand that they cannot wait any longer to marry as she is pregnant with his child. Dan promises that they will run away together if Elias won\'t agree to them marrying. Dan tries to win over Teola\'s father\'s trust in him by suggesting he can throw the squatters off his land, because they are catching fish illegally. Frederick, meanwhile, is charmed by Tess and admits he could really fall for her if she would get cleaned up. When men come to the Skinner residence to find proof they\'re netting, Tess hides the evidence her father is a fisherman. Later, they become hungry and Tess\' father decides to start fishing again. He is discovered by Dan Jordan who in return is shot to death by Ben Letts. Ben thereafter blames Tess\' dad for the shooting, who is consequently arrested. Tess is crushed and takes it out on Elias when he announces he will do anything for her dad to pay the penalty. When the trial starts, Tess is crushed she isn\'t allowed to visit her father. Later, on the way home, Ben Letts forces himself up to her as her future husband, despite the fact Tess is unwilling to marry him. She tries to escape when her dog comes to her rescue, attacking Ben. Ben vows vengeance. Now that Tess is all alone, Frederick keeps her company and they fall in love. Elias finds out and tells Fred he doesn\'t want to have anything to do with him anymore. Frederick announces he is planning on marrying Tess as soon as he finishes college. Meanwhile, Teola, devastated and pregnant with Dan\'s child out of wedlock, has walked down to the river to commit suicide but cannot bring herself to do it when she suddenly and accidentally slips and falls into the river anyway. Tess, discovering Teola fighting in the water, jumps in and saves her and brings her to the cottage where the baby is born, which Tess promises to claim as her own to save Teola\'s reputation. In return, Teola keeps on supporting Tess financially. One night, Teola isn\'t allowed to leave the house, so Tess breaks in to get milk for the baby. She is caught by Elias, who is outraged. Meanwhile, Fred has just returned from college. Ben\'s mate Ezra, burdened by his conscience of knowing who the real killer is, threatens Ben to tell the truth about Ben having killed Dan Jordan, to which Ben responds by attacking and strangling Ezra, thereafter hiding him. Fred pays Tess a visit and finds his sister there as well. When he notices the baby, Tess tells him she found it. Fred doesn\'t believe her and thinks the baby is hers. He is shocked and ashamed and leaves immediately. Ezra, however, who has survived, has managed to crawl into the neighborhood and is found in the snow by Frederick and Teola to whom Ezra reveals that Ben Letts is responsible for the killing of Dan, not Tess\' dad. Meanwhile, Ben fears of getting caught and plans on leaving town. He is determined to take Tess with him. He sneaks into her cottage and notices the baby. When Tess comes in, he forces her to marry him. She refuses to, but Fred comes in to rescue her. They together hit Ben unconscious, but Fred leaves bitterly as he is still shocked about Tess having a baby.
Tess is ostracized and the dying infant is refused baptism, so Tess sneaks into the church and does her own ritual. Teola and Elias are both in presence. Elias demands for her to be thrown out of church, but Teola becomes too emotional and admits the baby is hers. Elias is shocked but forgives her, but Teola soon dies. Fred realizes he has made an awful mistake, but Tess isn\'t able to forgive his horrible treatment towards her. She goes back home and reunites with her father, who has just been released from jail. Elias and Fred later stop by to apologize. Both Elias and Fred are forgiven and the film ends with Tess and Fred kissing.
## Cast
- Mary Pickford - Tessibel \'Tess\' Skinner
- Lloyd Hughes - Frederick Graves
- Gloria Hope - Teola Graves
- David Torrence - Elias Graves
- Forrest Robinson - Orn \'Daddy\' Skinner
- Jean Hersholt - Ben Letts
- Danny Hoy - Ezra Longman
- Robert Russell - Mr. Daniel \'Dan\' Jordan
- Gus Saville - Old Man Longman
- Madame De Bodamere - Mrs. Longman
- Milton Berle - Bit Role (uncredited)
- Jeanne Carpenter - (uncredited)
| 945 |
Tess of the Storm Country (1922 film)
| 0 |
11,091,446 |
# Tess of the Storm Country (1922 film)
## Production
Leading actress Pickford\'s previous film *Little Lord Fauntleroy* flopped critically. Pickford realized she had to make a movie the audience loved to see her in. She wanted to play the role again, because she loved the character and stated the crew had more abilities with a bigger budget and better technology
| 61 |
Tess of the Storm Country (1922 film)
| 1 |
11,091,460 |
# Type 2 rifle grenade launcher
The **Type 2 rifle grenade launcher** was an attachment for the Japanese Type 38 and Type 99 rifles that allowed them to fire special hollow charge grenades. It was a version of the German Schiessbecher grenade launcher. Two grenades were produced for the launcher: a 30 mm calibre grenade and a larger 40 mm calibre grenade, both designated Type 2. The launcher sits over the end of the barrel, held in place with a clamping device. A special crimped blank cartridge or wooden bullet is used to fire the grenades.
The rear of the grenades is pre-rifled to mate with the rifling in the launcher. The rifling ensures that the grenade is spun in flight, giving it stability and arming the rotational fuze. Both grenades use a largely identical fuze, which makes up the rear part of the grenade. On impact, momentum carries the striker assembly forward, overcoming the resistant force of a creep spring into the detonator
| 164 |
Type 2 rifle grenade launcher
| 0 |
11,091,480 |
# Armin D. Lehmann
**Armin Dieter Lehmann** (23 May 1928 -- 10 October 2008) was a Hitler Youth courier in the *Führerbunker* towards the end of Adolf Hitler\'s life, leaving shortly after Hitler committed suicide. He spent his post-war life in travel, tourism, and writing as a peace activist.
## Early life {#early_life}
Lehmann was born in 1928 in Waldtrudering, a borough of Munich. Lehmann received his education at Elisabet Gymnasium in Breslau during World War II, and The Journalism School in Munich after the war.
## Hitler\'s last courier {#hitlers_last_courier}
> Hitler seized power before I was five years old. It was not my choice to grow up under the form of government in which absolute power is held by a dictator. At the age of ten, it was mandatory that I join the Deutsches Jungvolk (DJV), the junior branch of the *Hitlerjugend* or Hitler Youth. In January 1945, I was drafted into the Volkssturm, the home defense. I was decorated (with the Iron Cross) for pulling battle-injured comrades out of the line of fire, after I had been seriously wounded myself. I was selected by Reichsjugendführer Artur Axmann to be a member of a Hitlerjugend Helden (Hitler Youth Heroes) delegation to visit the Führer in Berlin on his birthday. I met Adolf Hitler in the Reich Chancellery garden (also known as the Hinterhof or backyard) outside his bunker on his last birthday, April 20, 1945. I became one of his last couriers as a member of Axmann's staff. During my duty as a courier inside and outside the bunker, I witnessed the total collapse of the Third Reich. I was able to observe the final days of Hitler, Eva Braun, Martin Bormann, and Joseph Goebbels and his family. I was in the adjacent Party Chancellery when Hitler committed suicide. After Hitler\'s death, I participated in the bloody breakout from the bunker. Two months later, I succeeded in reaching the American Occupation Zone.`{{quote without source|date=May 2022}}`{=mediawiki}
## Life in the United States {#life_in_the_united_states}
Lehmann emigrated to the United States in 1953. From 1955 to 1957, Lehmann taught at the United States Armed Forces Institute, and also served as transportation coordinator at Tachikawa AFB in Japan.
For over 40 years, Lehmann worked in the travel and tourism industry as a tour director and operator, as well as a travel industry training specialist and consultant. He lectured extensively as an associate professor in Travel & Tourism for the Airline & Travel Academy, TWA\'s Breech Academy, and Pacific States University in Los Angeles, California.
Lehmann was the author of ten books, including *Travel and Tourism, An Introduction To Travel Agency Operations*, and *Travel Agency Policy & Procedures Manual*. In addition, he wrote more than 200 articles for travel industry trade journals. From 1977-81, Lehmann served as Vice President of Education & Training for the Association of Retail Travel Agents.
In 1969, he was honored with the \"Community Leader of America Award.\" In 1993, Lehmann retired as a travel management consultant and retail travel agency owner. He then spent his time researching, along with developing his memoirs.
Books about his childhood experiences in the Hitler Youth include *Hitler\'s Last Courier* and *In Hitler's Bunker*, which has been translated into seven languages. He also produced a documentary film about his experiences as one of Hitler\'s \"boy soldiers\", entitled *Eyewitness to History*.
## Peace activism {#peace_activism}
At the end of World War II, when he was 17, Lehmann decided to devote his life to peace activism. As a peace advocate, Lehmann participated in Professor Linus Pauling\'s \"Campaign For Nuclear Weapons Disarmament.\"
In the cause of peace, Lehmann traveled to more than 150 countries, speaking out for non-violence, tolerance, and understanding with such other voices as Jawaharlal Nehru and Albert Schweitzer to all who would listen.
| 630 |
Armin D. Lehmann
| 0 |
11,091,480 |
# Armin D. Lehmann
## Death
Lehmann died in Coos Bay, Oregon, on 10 October 2008. His wife of 29 years, Kim, and daughter, Angie, were at his bedside. The location of his burial was not released to the general public
| 41 |
Armin D. Lehmann
| 1 |
11,091,506 |
# Pete Strickland
Peter Strickland}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox college coach
| name = Pete Strickland
| image = PeteStrickland.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|05|25}}
| birth_place = [[Newburgh, New York]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| player_years1 = 1975–1979
| player_team1 = [[Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball|Pittsburgh]]
| coach_years1 = 1980–1982
| coach_team1 = [[Neptune Basketball Club]]
| coach_years2 = 1983–1984
| coach_team2 = [[Mount Saint Michael Academy|Mt. St. Michael Academy]] (asst.)
| coach_years3 = 1984–1987
| coach_team3 = [[DeMatha Catholic High School|DeMatha HS]] (asst.)
| coach_years4 = 1987–1988
| coach_team4 = [[Ravenscroft School|Ravenscroft HS]]
| coach_years5 = 1988–1991
| coach_team5 = [[VMI Keydets basketball|VMI]] (asst.)
| coach_years6 = 1991–1994
| coach_team6 = [[Old Dominion Monarchs basketball|Old Dominion]] (asst.)
| coach_years7 = 1994–1998
| coach_team7 = [[Dayton Flyers men's basketball|Dayton]] (asst.)
| coach_years8 = 1998–2005
| coach_team8 = [[Coastal Carolina Chanticleers men's basketball|Coastal Carolina]]
| coach_years9 = 2005–2011
| coach_team9 = [[NC State Wolfpack men's basketball|NC State]] (asst.)
| coach_years10 = 2011–2013
| coach_team10 = [[George Washington Colonials men's basketball|George Washington]] (asst.)
| coach_years11 = 2016–2018
| coach_team11 = [[Ireland national basketball team|Ireland]]
| coach_years12 = 2021-
| coach_team12 = [[DeMatha Catholic High School|DeMatha HS]] (interim)
| overall_record =
| bowl_record =
| tournament_record =
| championships =
| awards = [[Big South Conference|Big South]] Coach of the Year (2000)
| coaching_records =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Pete Strickland** (born May 25, 1957) is an American basketball coach and former college basketball player, currently the interim head coach of DeMatha Catholic High School.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Strickland attended DeMatha Catholic High School near Washington, D.C., where he played high school basketball for Morgan Wootten. He then attended the University of Pittsburgh where he played for the Pittsburgh Panthers (1975--1979). With the Panthers, Strickland was a three-year starter and two-year captain.
## Player-coach {#player_coach}
In 1980, Strickland became player-coach of the Neptune Basketball Club based in Cork, Ireland. Strickland had been recruited to play in Ireland by an international scout who saw him play in an alumni game in Pittsburgh. In his first season as player-coach, Strickland\'s team went 18--0 and won the league title. In 1981, in preparation for the \"Neptune International Basketball Tournament\" to be held in March in Cork, Strickland recruited a number of his American friends to form a "Maryland All-Stars\" team for the tournament, in exchange for round-trip airline tickets to Ireland. The All-Star team was eliminated from the tournament by a Cork-based team on a last-second three-pointer. That an Irish team was able to defeat an American team was credited with helping to increase the popularity of basketball in Ireland.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Strickland coached at the high school level from 1983 through 1988. He then held assistant coaching roles at the college level from 1988 through 1998. In April 1998, he became head coach at Coastal Carolina University, a role he held until March 2005. His overall record in seven seasons with the Chanticleers was 70--127; the team was 42--56 in the Big South Conference.
Strickland was next an assistant coach at North Carolina State University, from 2005 until he was not retained by Mark Gottfried when Sidney Lowe resigned at the end of the Wolfpack\'s 2010--11 season. Strickland then served as an assistant coach at George Washington University, from 2011 through 2013.
Strickland was named head coach of the Ireland national team in November 2016. In the 2018 FIBA European Championship for Small Countries, Ireland finished in third place, with an overall record of 2--2 during the tournament
| 598 |
Pete Strickland
| 0 |
11,091,525 |
# Frances Jones Mills
**Frances Jones Mills** (July 4, 1920 -- May 24, 1996) was an American politician who was a state official in Kentucky for a large portion of the 1970s and 1980s. She was the first woman and first Democrat in the 20th century to win the office of State Representative for the Knox County, Kentucky district. She was also the first woman to serve three (non-successive) terms as Kentucky State Treasurer, serving a total of 12 years. She also served as Secretary of State of Kentucky and Clerk of the Kentucky Court of Appeals.
## Background
Mills was born in Gray, a small town in Knox County, Kentucky to Dr. William H. Jones and Bertie (Steely) Jones. She graduated from Cumberland College in Williamsburg, Kentucky and attended Eastern Kentucky State Teacher\'s College. She taught school in Gray for eight years after which she married Marvin Wayne Bowling, whom she later divorced in the early 1940s. She then married Gene Mills in 1949.
## Public office {#public_office}
Mills was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives from Knox County, Kentucky in 1961 as a Democrat, serving one term from a heavily Republican district. She then worked as an aide to the Speaker of the House.
Mills was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1964, winning the Democratic nomination but losing the general election to Republican Tim Lee Carter despite the nationwide Democratic landslide as Lyndon B. Johnson retained the presidency by a huge margin over Barry Goldwater.
From 1965 to 1972 she worked for the Kentucky Civil Defense, but in 1971 Mills was nominated for Clerk of the Kentucky Court of Appeals. She won that election earning her first statewide office. Mills later sought and won election to the office of State Treasurer in 1975, 1983, and 1991. She was also elected Secretary of State in 1979. Mills unsuccessfully sought the office of Secretary of State of Kentucky in 1987, losing to Bremer Ehrler, and 1995, losing to John Y. Brown III.
For 100 years (1891--1992) the Kentucky Constitution did not allow any holder of statewide office to succeed themselves for a second consecutive term. As a result, a handful of Kentucky politicians became known as *musical chairs* officeholders because they would run for one statewide office and then another repeatedly. Thelma Stovall, Drexell R. Davis and Mills were the best known musical chairs officeholders in Kentucky. The three often traded offices in given election years through the 1970s and 1980s.
In 1984, Mills and six of her employees in the secretary of state\'s office were indicted for violating state ethics laws in regards to her election as State Treasurer. Mills was acquitted after a two-year-long case. In the early 1990s she was charged with violating ethics laws and was fined \$11,000. She filed an appeal and the case was still pending at the time of her death.
## Death
On May 24, 1996, Mills died of cancer and is buried in the Highland Cemetery in Williamsburg, Kentucky
| 504 |
Frances Jones Mills
| 0 |
11,091,546 |
# Every Time Two Fools Collide
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 86, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Canada|95|artist=Kenny Rogers & Dottie West|album=Every Time Two Fools Collide|chartid=5464b|rowheader=true|accessdate=February 16, 2024}}
^
``
| 31 |
Every Time Two Fools Collide
| 0 |
11,091,548 |
# 1949–50 in Swedish football
The **1949--50 season in Swedish football**, starting August 1949 and ending July 1950:
## Honours
### Official titles {#official_titles}
Title Team Reason
---------------------------- ---------- --------------------------
Swedish Champions 1949--50 Malmö FF Winners of Allsvenskan
Swedish Cup Champions 1949 AIK Winners of Svenska Cupen
### Competitions
Level Competition Team
----------------------- ------------------------------- ----------------
1st level Allsvenskan 1949--50 Malmö FF
2nd level Division 2 Nordöstra 1949--50 Örebro SK
Division 2 Sydvästra 1949--50 Råå IF
Regional Championship Norrländska Mästerskapet 1950 Skellefteå AIK
Cup Svenska Cupen 1949 AIK
## Promotions, relegations and qualifications {#promotions_relegations_and_qualifications}
### Promotions
Promoted from Promoted to Team Reason
------------------------------- ------------------------------- --------------- -------------------
Division 2 Nordöstra 1949--50 Allsvenskan 1950--51 Örebro SK Winners
Division 2 Sydvästra 1949--50 Råå IF Winners
Division 3 1949--50 Division 2 Nordöstra 1950--51 Hammarby IF Winners of Östra
Sandvikens IF Winners of Norra
Division 2 Sydvästra 1950--51 Lunds BK Winners of Södra
Norrby IF Winners of Västra
### League transfers {#league_transfers}
Transferred from Transferred to Team Reason
------------------------------- ------------------------------- ---------------- --------------------------
Division 2 Sydvästra 1949--50 Division 2 Nordöstra 1950--51 Åtvidabergs FF Geographical composition
### Relegations
Relegated from Relegated to Team Reason
------------------------------- ------------------------------- ----------------- -----------
Allsvenskan 1949--50 Division 2 Sydvästra 1950--51 IFK Göteborg 11th team
IS Halmia 12th team
Division 2 Nordöstra 1949--50 Division 3 1950--51 Sundbybergs IK 9th team
Reymersholms IK 10th team
Division 2 Sydvästra 1949--50 Jonsereds IF 9th team
IK Sleipner 10th team
## Domestic results {#domestic_results}
### Allsvenskan 1949--50 {#allsvenskan_194950}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- --------------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Malmö FF 22 20 2 0 82 -- 21 +61 42
2 Jönköpings Södra IF 22 12 3 7 50 -- 37 +13 27
3 Helsingborgs IF 22 10 6 6 45 -- 38 +7 26
4 AIK 22 10 6 6 34 -- 31 +3 26
5 GAIS 22 7 7 8 34 -- 42 -8 21
6 IFK Norrköping 22 9 2 11 36 -- 45 -9 20
7 IF Elfsborg 22 6 7 9 34 -- 45 -11 19
8 Djurgårdens IF 22 8 2 12 34 -- 39 -5 18
9 Kalmar FF 22 5 8 9 25 -- 33 -8 18
10 Degerfors IF 22 6 6 10 26 -- 35 -9 18
11 IFK Göteborg 22 5 5 12 33 -- 49 -16 15
12 IS Halmia 22 6 2 14 28 -- 46 -18 14
### Division 2 Nordöstra 1949--50 {#division_2_nordöstra_194950}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- ----------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Örebro SK 18 11 6 1 49 -- 24 +25 28
2 Surahammars IF 18 11 3 4 43 -- 23 +20 25
3 IK City 18 11 2 5 47 -- 32 +15 24
4 Karlstads BIK 18 9 2 7 27 -- 24 +3 20
5 IF Viken 18 8 0 10 36 -- 41 -5 16
6 Karlskoga IF 18 5 6 7 28 -- 34 -6 16
7 IK Brage 18 6 3 9 31 -- 46 -15 15
8 Sandvikens AIK 18 6 2 10 30 -- 39 -9 14
9 Sundbybergs IK 18 4 3 11 29 -- 42 -13 11
10 Reymersholms IK 18 3 5 10 19 -- 34 -15 11
### Division 2 Sydvästra 1949--50 {#division_2_sydvästra_194950}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- -------------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Råå IF 18 14 2 2 45 -- 13 +32 30
2 Halmstads BK 18 9 6 3 59 -- 43 +16 24
3 Landskrona BoIS 18 8 4 6 38 -- 29 +9 20
4 Örgryte IS 18 8 2 8 41 -- 32 +9 18
5 Huskvarna Södra IS 18 9 0 9 35 -- 39 -4 18
6 Höganäs BK 18 8 2 8 28 -- 33 -5 18
7 Åtvidabergs FF 18 8 1 9 41 -- 43 -2 17
8 IFK Malmö 18 7 2 9 33 -- 36 -3 16
9 Jonsereds IF 18 6 1 11 34 -- 50 -16 13
10 IK Sleipner 18 2 2 14 24 -- 60 -36 6
### Norrländska Mästerskapet 1950 {#norrländska_mästerskapet_1950}
Final
### Svenska Cupen 1949 {#svenska_cupen_1949}
Final
## National team results {#national_team_results}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 722 |
1949–50 in Swedish football
| 0 |
11,091,583 |
# Michel Talagrand
**Michel Pierre Talagrand** (`{{IPA|fr|miʃɛl pjɛʁ talaɡʁɑ̃}}`{=mediawiki}; born 15 February 1952) is a French mathematician working in probability theory, functional analysis and mathematical physics. Doctor of Science since 1977, he has been, since 1985, directeur de recherches at CNRS and a member of the Functional Analysis Team of the Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu in Paris. Talagrand was also a faculty member at The Ohio State University for more than fifteen years. Talagrand was elected as correspondent of the Académie des sciences of Paris in March 1997, and then as a full member in November 2004, in the Mathematics section. In 2024, Talagrand received the Abel Prize.
Talagrand studies mainly functional analysis and probability theory and their applications.
## Career
Talagrand has been interested in probability with minimal structure. He has obtained a complete characterization of bounded Gaussian processes in very general settings, and also new methods to bound stochastic processes. He discovered new aspects of the isoperimetric and concentration of measure phenomena for product spaces, by obtaining inequalities which make use of new kinds of distances between a point and a subset of a product space. These inequalities show in great generality that a random quantity which depends on many independent variables, without depending too much on any one of them, has only small fluctuations. These inequalities helped to solve several classical problems in probability theory on Banach spaces, and have also transformed the abstract theory of stochastic processes. These inequalities have been successfully used in many applications involving stochastic quantities, like for instance in statistical mechanics (disordered systems), theoretical computer science, random matrices, and statistics (empirical processes).
Talagrand commented in the introduction to his two volume monograph on mean field models of spin glasses:
In particular, the monograph offers an exposition of Talagrand\'s proof of the validity of the Parisi formula.
Michel Talagrand was awarded the Abel Prize from The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters for 2024 for his work in 'Suprema of stochastic processes', 'Concentration of measures' and 'Spin glass'.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He is married to Wansoo Rhee, a now retired professor of management science at The Ohio State University, whom he met on his first ever trip to the USA. They have two sons
| 373 |
Michel Talagrand
| 0 |
11,091,623 |
# Theodor Cazaban
**Theodor Cazaban** (2 April 1921 -- 4 March 2016) was a Romanian anti-communist writer.
Born in Fălticeni, he graduated from the University of Bucharest with a degree in letters, and fled to France in 1947. While in Paris, he was a staff member of the anti-communist newspaper \'La Nation Roumaine\' and contributed to the broadcasts of Radio Free Europe. In 1963 he published the novel *Parages*, in which he describes Communist persecutions of Romanian intellectuals, such as Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran, Eugène Ionesco, and others.
Marilena Rotaru of the Romanian Television made a documentary movie in 2003 about Theodor Cazaban.
## Works
- *Captiv în lumea liberă*, Editura Echinox, Cluj, 2002. `{{ISBN|973-8298-10-5}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Eseuri și cronici literare*, Editura \"Jurnalul literar\", București, 2002. `{{ISBN|973-9365-56-6}}`{=mediawiki}, [](https://isabelavs2.wordpress.com/constantin-noica/isabelavs-noicaeuropa/)
| 127 |
Theodor Cazaban
| 0 |
11,091,640 |
# Skansen Parowozownia Kościerzyna
**Railway Museum Kościerzyna** (former Skansen Parowozownia Kościerzyna) is a Polish railway museum located in Kościerzyna, Pomeranian Voivodeship. The museum is located in place of a now defunct locomotive depot near Kościerzyna railway station.\
The exhibit consists mostly of steam locomotives, but several diesel and electric locomotives, as well as electric multiple units and diesel multiple units are also available for visitors.\
Besides rolling stock displayed in the open air, inside the shed visitors can also see several exhibitions of machines and devices connected with Polish railway history.
## History
The approximate year of opening of the locomotive depot in Kościerzyna was 1885, when the railway reached this town. The depot had been rebuilt several times before it was definitely closed on April 1, 1991. The museum was opened on November 1, 1992, as a decision of *Rolling Stock Repair Works in Gdynia* director.
## Visitor information {#visitor_information}
Skansen Parowozownia Kościerzyna is located near the railway station, on the opposite side of the track. It is possible to get into most steam locomotives, but many other vehicles are closed and available to look at only from the outside.
## The exhibit {#the_exhibit}
The museum owns many interesting and important for Polish railway history vehicles, including:
### Steam locomotives {#steam_locomotives}
- TKb - small 0-4-0T tank locomotive of German production (built in 1925).
- TE 7175 - German 1943 production locomotive serving until 1985 in Kaliningrad Oblast.
- TKh100-45 - German 1938 production tank locomotive.
- TKh 3140 - 0-6-0T Freight tank engine produced in Fablok, Chrzanów.
- TKp100-04 - 0-8-0T shunting engine of German design from 1927.
- TKt48 - 2-8-2T freight and local passenger tank engine produced in Fablok, Chrzanów.
- Tw1-90 - 0-10-0 Heavy freight locomotive (German production) from 1918.
- Ty2 - German 1943 production 2-10-0 freight locomotive.
- Ty42 - Polish version of Ty2 2-10-0 freight locomotive.
- Ty45-139 - Polish 2-10-0 post-war heavy freight locomotive.
- Pt47 - Polish 2-8-2 post-war passenger locomotive.
- Ok1-112 - German 4-6-0 passenger locomotive from 1915
### Diesel and electric locomotives {#diesel_and_electric_locomotives}
- Ls40-5438 - Small diesel shunter.
- SP30-006 - Passenger version of SM30 shunter.
- SM41-43 - Hungarian shunting locomotive produced in Ganz Mavag.
- SP45-139 - Polish passenger diesel locomotive.
- SP47-001 - A prototype of Polish passenger diesel locomotive.
- ET21-367 - Polish freight electric locomotive.
- SM03-136 - Small diesel shunter.
### Diesel and electric multiple units {#diesel_and_electric_multiple_units}
- SR61 - A modification of SN61 DMU.
- EW90-12 - EMU of pre-war German construction.
### Other exhibits {#other_exhibits}
The museum exhibits also several carriages, wagons and tankers as well as technical cars. The museum decided to prepare special, educational locomotive to show visitors how steam engines operated. For this purpose the TKt48-179 locomotive was cut in order to show the interior of the engine\'s devices
| 474 |
Skansen Parowozownia Kościerzyna
| 0 |
11,091,659 |
# St Peter and St Paul, Bristol
**St Peter and St Paul, Bristol** is the church of Bristol\'s principal Greek Orthodox congregation. It is situated in the Lower Ashley Road.
The building was constructed in the 1840s as the Church of St Simon. It was designed by S.J.Hicks and S.B Gabriel with a nave, chancel, north aisle and chapel. It originally had a 121 ft high spire however this has been shortened when it became unsafe.
The church is part of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain. The Greek Orthodox community in Bristol grew up in the 19th century from sailors arriving in the port. Services were held in Anglican churches, particularly the Temple of St Simon during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1963 it was renamed for the Apostles St Peter and Paul and in 1978 purchased by the Greek Orthodox church.
The churchyard wall has coping blocks formed from copper-slag, the same material used to construct the Black Castle Public House
| 166 |
St Peter and St Paul, Bristol
| 0 |
11,091,665 |
# Priya Badlani
**Priya Badlani** (*प्रिया बद्लानि*; born 27 January 1975)`{{Failed verification|date=April 2015}}`{=mediawiki} is an Indian actress and a former model. She appears in Bollywood films. She is best known as Aanya Shroff on Zee TV\'s Serial *Jabb Love Hua*. She made her first appearance in a Coca-Cola commercial alongside Aamir Khan. She had cameos in movies like *Naach* and *Silsilay* before making her big break in Zee TV\'s *Jabb Love Hua*.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Badlani was born on 27 January 1975 in Mumbai, India.`{{Failed verification|date=April 2015}}`{=mediawiki} She follows is a Hindu. She had chosen fashion photographer as profession since she had studied Graphics Designing in college.
## Career
She made her first appearance in a Coca-Cola commercial alongside Aamir Khan. She had also worked for several brands such as Fair and Lovely, Vatika, Hansel. In 2004, she had a Cameo appearance in movie *Naach*. In 2005, she again had a cameo role in *Silsiilay*, which she followed with modeling. She also appeared in *The Fashion Magazine* where she ranked at the 24th position in the list of Most attractive women in India. In 2007, she appeared in Zee TV\'s serial *Jabb Love Hua*
| 195 |
Priya Badlani
| 0 |
11,091,679 |
# Cleat (shoe)
**Cleats** or **studs** are protrusions on the sole of a shoe or on an external attachment to a shoe that provide additional traction on a soft or slippery surface. They can be conical or blade-like in shape and can be made of plastic, rubber or metal. The type worn depends on the environment of play: grass, ice, artificial turf, or other grounds.
In American English, the term \"cleats\" is used synecdochically to refer to shoes featuring such protrusions.
In Commonwealth English the correct term for shoes with studs is usually boots, especially when referring to football sports.
## History
It is thought that during the Roman Empire, Roman legionaries wore studded sandals that resembled cleats. The caligae (as they were called) were heavy-soled hobnailed military sandal-boots known for being issued to legionary soldiers and auxiliaries throughout the Roman Republic and Empire.
Athletes have worn cleats since at least the 1500s. Although there are no images or surviving examples of cleats from that time period, the first written documentation of cleats comes from 1526, when \"football boots\" were listed in King Henry VIII\'s Great Wardrobe. According to researchers, the English monarch ordered the royal cordwainer (shoemaker), Isaac Ali, to make him a pair of hand-stitched boots \"to play football\". The shoes cost four shillings (about \$200 today) and were probably made of especially strong leather.
Football remained a popular sport in England throughout the ensuing centuries, but it was not until the emergence of The Football Association in 1863 that the sport of football emerged as an actual organized game in England. With this, the sport took off in popularity, and understandably a demand for equipment began to emerge to ensure player safety and comfort. More importantly, technological innovations during this time period played a key role in new methods and materials used for production of cleats. In the 1840s, a method of hardening rubber and stopping it from decaying, called vulcanization, was developed in both England and the United States.
Vulcanized rubber is used in the production of all types of shoes, but is especially beneficial in the production of cleats, in that one of the primary purposes of football cleats is to protect the player\'s feet. Technology continued to improve in the coming decades, and by the 1890s studs are first used to make football cleats. The concept of spiked and studded shoes for other sports began to emerge as well in the late 19th century. In the 1890s, a British Company (now known as Reebok), developed the earliest known spiked leather running shoes.
Cleats began to be used in the United States in the 1860s when metal spikes were first used on baseball shoes. A baseball shoe, as defined by the Dickson Baseball Dictionary (3rd Ed), is \"a special type of shoe designed and worn by baseball players that features cleats for traction and a full set of laces for support.\" The first official baseball shoe was invented and produced by Waldo M. Claflin, of Philadelphia in 1882. The use of cleats gained further notoriety in the United States with the birth of American football in the early 20th century. The original football shoes were actually baseball shoes, but innovations quickly emerged. In the 1920s, detachable cleats were first introduced. As the game continued to grow, cleats had to adapt to technological advances in playing surfaces, most notably artificial turf. By the 1970s, players were wearing footwear with short, rubber cleats for use on artificial turf.
Innovations in cleat technology continued to take place throughout the mid to late 20th century. In 1954, the first modern football boots were made by Adidas. They were lighter, had a non-leather sole, an upper portion made from kangaroo leather, and included replaceable rubber or plastic studs, which could be screwed in at different lengths. Later, in the 1990s, Adidas introduced another innovation in the form of rubber blades instead of studs, which faced different directions and allowed for better grip. Today, different types of cleats exist for different surfaces: replaceable aluminum cleats which are worn in wet dirt, firm plastic cleats which are for regular surfaces, and short, plastic or rubber cleats for very hard surfaces.
| 698 |
Cleat (shoe)
| 0 |
11,091,679 |
# Cleat (shoe)
## Firm ground {#firm_ground}
Firm Ground cleats are defined as cleats that are made typically for use on natural surfaces such as dirt and grass. These cleats are equipped with large studs on the bottom of the shoe to assist in gripping the surface and preventing sliding and assisting in rapid directional changes. These studs are permanently attached to the cleats (i.e. they are not removable). The stud itself is often called a cleat. There are three main types of football boots: round, hard ground, and bladed. Active outdoorsman and philanthropist Erik Van Till is credited as a creator of the round cleat. While the studs are sometimes made out of metal, this is less common, as they are illegal in some sports for safety reasons.
### Association football {#association_football}
In association football, where the shoes themselves are known as football boots, there are three different cleat types. There are soft ground cleats which are made for wet weather. The soft ground cleats are always replaceable, and are almost always metal, so when they wear down they are easy to replace. There are firm ground cleats which are made for firm natural surfaces. In the UK, \'cleats\' are universally known as studs. The term \"sliding tackle\" is considered a dangerous tackle made with the feet raised and the potentially damaging metal studs hitting the legs or feet of the opponent.
### American football {#american_football}
In the United States of America, college football coach Joseph Pipal has been credited as one of the creators of \"mud cleats\" for football shoes. Some of the first manufacturers of football cleats were Gola in 1905, Valsport in 1920 and Hummel in 1923 and are still in business today. in the year 1925 two brothers named Adolf and Rudolf Dassler developed a football cleat with replaceable metal studs for American football. The two brothers who created the first replaceable metal cleats had a falling out after WWII and they both went on to create two major football cleat manufacturers in Puma and Adidas. In 1929 the company Riddell made huge strides in the football cleat industry. They modeled the cleats differently featuring an \"action last\", meaning its sole had a steeper angle for \"snug fit, proper support and maximum traction.\" In today\'s game more players prefer to wear molded cleats because they are more comfortable, but don\'t allow for changing during certain field conditions. Depending on the type of field, grass or artificial turf, players may opt to wear molded or removable stud cleats, since studs can vary in length and give more traction on grass than molded cleats do. There are different Protective equipment in gridiron football, cleats being a major aspect. Some of the major brands that players wear today are Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour.
### Australian football {#australian_football}
In Australia, the studs on Australian rules football boots are traditionally referred to as \"stops\". Prior to modern molded plastic soles, these were often replaceable screw-in wooden studs.
In 1889 there were at least two types of stops used. One had a screw in the centre of stop/stud which was made up of conical shaped and layered leather strips. It was screwed into the boot sole. The other was the same as the other type, but fixed on to the boot sole by two nails.
### Baseball
In baseball, in laymen\'s terms, they are referred to as \"cleats\" or \"spikes\". The spikes are rectangular in shape, and can be made of rubber, plastic, or metal. Rubber cleats may feature grooves and smaller protrusions in the middle of the sole, while soft rubber spikes would be around the edges of the sole and at the heel. Plastic cleats are similar to rubber spikes. However, they feature a hard bottom and thick hard plastic spikes, with few to no grooves at all, and instead of the edge of the sole, the spikes compose the outsole of the shoe where the toes and ball of the foot would hit the ground during running, similar to track spikes and football cleats. Metal spikes are similar to plastic spikes, but instead of being thick pieces of plastic as spikes, they are thin pieces of metal, to make it easier to dig into grass and sand, and thereby increase traction.
Rubber and plastic cleats are used in youth baseball, with metal cleats typically prohibited. Metal spikes are almost exclusively used in the upper levels of the sport, including high school, college, and professional baseball. The use of metal spikes in American high school baseball was banned by the National Federation of State High School Associations in 1984 due to the risk of spike wounds, although some states received waivers nullifying the ban. The ban was lifted in 1989. There has also been increasing use of plastic spikes among professional players including those in Major League Baseball (MLB), due to the lighter weight of cleats and improved weight distribution leading to less wear and tear during the season.
Major League Baseball ended its insistence on cleat uniformity in 2018, which had been reflected in its Collective Bargaining Agreement's Footwear Supplier Regulations "51 percent rule," which required that players' cleats mainly display their team's primary colors.
### Lacrosse
Lacrosse cleats are characterized by having a high support for the ankle, and appear most similar to American Football cleats. A raised platform material surrounding the ankles is specific to the motions of players in the game. These motions include stopping and starting, and quick changes of direction as the game of play can rapidly change directions to either end of the field, necessitating ankle stability for such direction change. Lacrosse cleats contain a typical, standard toe cleat in the front and beneath the toes, for gaining traction off the toe. This is utilized for forward running, as well as potential pivot movement from the toe. Lacrosse cleats again differ from American Football cleats in that their cleats are placed to the edges of the foot sole whereas for Football the cleat spikes are found beneath the sole of the foot.
| 1,011 |
Cleat (shoe)
| 1 |
11,091,679 |
# Cleat (shoe)
## Detachable
Detachable cleats are defined as those in which the studs are removable, typically through attaching or detaching a metal or plastic piece to the bottom of the shoe.
### Cycling cleats {#cycling_cleats}
A specially shaped metal or plastic piece that attaches to the bottom of a cycling shoe to positively and securely attach it to a clipless pedal system is called a cleat. The cleat engages with the pedal such that the cyclist\'s shoe remains mechanically attached to the pedal during pedalling. Typically the cleat and shoe are engaged with the pedal by pressing down against a spring loaded retention mechanism, and released by twisting the shoe and cleat sideways.
### Ice
Ice cleats or crampons are a type of spikes that usually are attachable under the soles of shoes (in such cases also called \"shoe chains\") to prevent slipping, especially on ice. There are several variations on the way they are mounted, sometimes with rubber bands or a fixed mount in front of the heel, making them easy to remove when not in use.
### Football studs {#football_studs}
On soft (wet, muddy) ground, players often opt for removable studs. These are usual metal cones that vary in length, but are generally longer than traditional football studs. Added to the rubber or plastic studs already on the boot, these create more opportunities for the player to get a good foothold. The increased length and more aggressive shape help players gain traction in slippery conditions.
### Golf shoes {#golf_shoes}
Spiked shoes are worn by many golfers. Initially, metal spikes were used. Metal spikes have been outlawed by many golf courses which now require soft spikes. Soft spikes are generally made of some type of thermoplastic material.
### Logger boots (calks) {#logger_boots_calks}
Logging boots have several spikes attached to the soles of the boot. In general, these spikes are still mostly made of metal.
| 317 |
Cleat (shoe)
| 2 |
11,091,679 |
# Cleat (shoe)
## Artificial ground {#artificial_ground}
Artificial Ground cleats are cleats that are made primarily for use on man-made surfaces, such as artificial turf or running tracks.
### Baseball and softball {#baseball_and_softball}
Although conventional cleats can be used on turf surfaces, specialized baseball and softball turf shoes are also manufactured. These shoes typically have numerous rubber studs along the soles as opposed to spikes.
### American football {#american_football_1}
While many cleats manufactured today for football can be used on artificial turf or natural surfaces, many molded cleats are designed and better served for use on artificial turf. The molded cleats tend to provide better traction on artificial surfaces, whereas detachable studs on cleats tend to be too thick for artificial turf and do not provide adequate grip on such a surface.
### Football turfs {#football_turfs}
Turf shoes have identical uppers to traditional football boots, but the outsoles differ in that they make up the \"cleat\" portion. Small rubber studs or patterns are like raised bumps that provide just enough of a difference in height to aid in traction on flat artificial turf. They are extremely durable, as they are more of an extension of the rubber outsole than a completely new addition to the shoe.
### Track spikes {#track_spikes}
Track spikes are placed at the bottom of shoes in order to increase traction and speed. While removable spikes are available, most runners opt for fixed spikes. These spikes come in a variety of different materials. Originally, spikes were made out of metal due to their strength and hardness. However, German engineers began experimenting with canvas and rubber spikes during the World War, in part to help find a more lightweight material. Finally, in the modern era, the most common type of track spike is made of plastic, due to being both cheap and easily molded. This second aspect of plastic is especially important, as spikes need to be made in a variety of different shapes in order to accommodate runners on all different types of surfaces. Needle spikes (3/16\") are used on all-weather tracks, Christmas tree spikes (1/4\") are especially common on any surface, pyramid spikes are used for cross country runners, and tartan spikes (1/4\") are used mostly on rubber tracks
| 373 |
Cleat (shoe)
| 3 |
11,091,683 |
# Hahnenklee
**Hahnenklee** is a borough of the city of Goslar, in the German state of the Lower Saxony. It is located within the Harz mountain range between Goslar and Osterode. The population is about 1200 inhabitants.
## History
Hahnenklee became a state-recognised climatic spa in 1882. The village had 336 inhabitants at the beginning of the 20th century. The district of Hahnenklee also comprises the former village of *Bockswiese*, both are mining settlements originating from the 16th century that were incorporated in 1972. Today the area mainly depends on tourism and forestry.
In the Nazi time, Hahnenklee was home to many houses of the NS organisation "Mother and Child" - in their facilities, more than 3600 children were born. Even a birth station of the Lebensborn organisation was present. Shortly after the war, in the former mothers home of the NSV 18 Latvian children died from starvation - the circumstances were never cleared completely. The more than 100 children that survived were spread all over the world.
## Sights
Hahnenklee is chiefly known for the Protestant Gustav Adolf Stave Church, built by the architect Karl Mohrmann (1857-1927) in 1908. The adjacent bell tower was added in 1975 for extending the carillon up to the current 49 bells.
Several historic wooden buildings, e.g. the former town hall, can be seen in the High Street.
The smaller Catholic Church Saint Mary in the Snow (*Sankt Maria im Schnee*) was built in 1975.
The grave of the composer Paul Lincke who died in Hahnenklee in 1946 is worth a visit as well
| 260 |
Hahnenklee
| 0 |
11,091,745 |
# Hiren Roy
**Hiren Roy** (1920--1992) was for many years considered to be the best sitar maker in India. Many great musicians, including Nikhil Banerjee, Vilayat Khan, Annapurna Devi, and Ravi Shankar, have sworn by his creations.
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Bengal, India (in the part of the province which later became Bangladesh) in 1920, Roy went to Kolkata at the age of 12 to learn the art of sitar playing. However, he didn\'t have money enough to buy his own instrument and pay for his lessons, so he took a job in the instrument shop of Yogesh Chandra Chakraborty. He started making his own sitars and soon found that local musicians praised his work.
## Career
Roy started his own shop in 1942 and spent his whole life researching the various aspects of sound, design, and composition as they impacted the sitar. His brief studies in different styles of playing gave him not only a craftsman\'s eye for the making of a sitar, but also a player\'s ear for its sound, and he quickly developed original avenues in terms of look and tonal quality. For instance, he made the tabli (wooden cover on top of the gourd) and the Dandi (the neck) strong enough to withstand heavier strokes and tapings on thicker strings, thus making it more appropriate for meend (bending), an essential element of Hindustani classical music.
## Honors
For his lifetime achievements, Roy was honoured in 1971 by the cultural forum called \"Nikkon\" in Kolkata. In the 1980s, he was selected by Vishwabharati University as a member of their interview board.
Roy died in December 1992, but his tradition has been carried on by his sons. Oldest son Himangshu ran the business until his own early demise in 1997. Fourth son Amit pursued a career as a sitarist, leaving the shop to now be run by third son Barun. Like his father a musician and an innovator, Barun has won praise from great musicians for maintaining the family quality and also adapting to changing times. The Hiren Roy shop also produces other Indian instruments, including the surbahar and tanpura
| 354 |
Hiren Roy
| 0 |
11,091,761 |
# Great Island, Falkland Islands
**Great Island** is one of the Falkland Islands. It lies to the west of East Falkland in Falkland Sound. To its north are the Tyssen Islands and to its south Ruggles Island
| 37 |
Great Island, Falkland Islands
| 0 |
11,091,787 |
# Nodu Mullick
**Nodu Mullick** was a musician and instrument-maker from Calcutta, India. Pandit Ravi Shankar commissioned multiple sitars from him, and they were Shankar\'s primary performance instrument starting in 1961. Mullick accompanied Shankar on tanpura on his first western concert tour in Europe in 1956, and also on his American tour in 1961
| 54 |
Nodu Mullick
| 0 |
11,091,791 |
# Isaiah Zagar
**Isaiah Zagar** (born 1939) is an American mosaic artist based in Philadelphia. He is notable for his murals, primarily in or around Philadelphia\'s South Street.
## Early life {#early_life}
Zagar received his Bachelor of Arts from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York City. Soon after, Zagar met his wife, Julia. After getting married, the Zagars volunteered for the Peace Corps and were sent to Peru, where Isaiah became inspired by Peruvian folk art. After three years in Peru, the Zagars moved to South Philadelphia in 1968 where they opened the Eyes Gallery, a folk art shop on South Street. In December 1968, the Eyes Gallery was the site of Zagar\'s first mosaic; Zagar mosaiced it as a way to create a folk art environment for the art they were selling.
## Works
Philadelphia\'s Magic Gardens, Zagar\'s largest South Street mosaic work, is a three-dimensional, immersive piece of installation art and a museum gallery space. The mosaics are inlaid with poetry, quotes, names of artists who have inspired Zagar, and portraits and forms of people and animals. The gardens use a variety of materials, including bottles, bike wheels, and folk art. Zagar says of his personal creative inspirations,
> In 1959, when I was 19 years old, I was introduced to the folk art environment of Clarence Schmidt, *My Mirrored Hope,* Woodstock, New York, USA. Soon after in 1961 there was a groundbreaking exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, in New York City called *The Art of Assemblage*. Because that exhibition included assemblages of artists like Pablo Picasso, Jean Dubuffet, Kurt Schwitters, Antonio Gaudi alongside of untrained brickaleurs Clarence Schmidt, Simon Rodia and Ferdinand Cheval that gave me as a trained artist the rationale to include their concepts as manifestations of fine art. At a crucial time in my life, it allowed me to begin what could be called a life\'s work making the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania into a labyrinthine mosaic museum that incorporates all my varied knowledge and skills.
Zagar began the work that would become Philadelphia\'s Magic Gardens by cleaning up two vacant lots next to a property he purchased in 1994. After clearing the lots, setting up a chain-link fence, and mosaicing his own property, he began to mosaic the fence and other parts of the abandoned lots. In 2002, the owner of the lots demanded Zagar buy the property for \$300,000 or he would have it demolished. Through fundraising, private donations, and a lot of community support, the property was able to be saved. A nonprofit organization, Philadelphia\'s Magic Gardens, was established to preserve and display the work.
From 1991 to 2000, Zagar mosaiced the entire exterior of the Painted Bride Art Center on Vine Street between North 2nd and 3rd Streets in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, a work he entitled *Skin of the Bride*, which he donated to the center.
Zagar continues to create mosaic murals in Philadelphia, mainly around the South Street area. He has completed more than 200 of these murals since 1968. He hosts a weekend workshop during the last weekend of each month from April to October where participants can help him create a mural. Much of Zagar\'s work is completed free of charge or is commissioned by businesses or people in the area. A walking tour is available from Philadelphia\'s Magic Gardens that takes visitors to 20 of these mosaic murals.
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
- Pew Charitable Trust Individual Artist Fellowship Grant of \$50,000 for work in the interdisciplinary arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1995.
- National Endowment for the Arts for sculpture, Washington, D.C. 1979.
- Member of the Philadelphia Dumpster Divers Artists Association
| 612 |
Isaiah Zagar
| 0 |
11,091,805 |
# Another Life (2001 film)
***Another Life*** is a 2001 British crime film written and directed by Philip Goodhew. It stars Ioan Gruffudd, Natasha Little, Nick Moran, Imelda Staunton, Rachael Stirling and Tom Wilkinson.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Chiefly set in London during the First World War and in the early 1920s (primarily 1921 and 1922), the film concerns a daydreaming young woman, Edith Graydon (Little), who attracts, then marries, an ordinary shipping clerk, Percy Thompson (Moran), who reminds her of a character in books. Later, Edith carries on an affair with Frederick Bywaters (Gruffudd), a young merchant seaman and childhood friend of her younger brother. The Thompsons\' marriage had been a failure for years when Edith became reacquainted with Bywaters, who by then was dating Avis (Stirling), Edith\'s younger sister. Over the course of their tempestuous affair, Edith writes to Bywaters during his extended absences at sea about her growing boredom and frustration with the dull Percy, who has grown jealous and violent at times.
The letters burst with Edith\'s vivid imagination, including her hopes for a romantic future with Bywaters and her alleged attempts to kill her husband through feeding him glass and poisons. Edith\'s fantasy-driven promises to leave Percy stir Bywaters to a frenzy; he also resents the way Percy deprecates and even injures Edith. Finally, Bywaters attacks Percy with a knife, as the couple walk home from the theatre. The resulting trial and conviction of the lovers creates a sensation across Britain, as Edith maintains her innocence of any part in her husband\'s murder. Her letters paint a different picture, despite Bywaters\' insistence he acted alone and impulsively. Despite a massive number of signatures on a petition protesting against Edith\'s death sentence, the lovers hang on the same day. To the end, Edith conjures up dreams of her sentence being commuted to life imprisonment, so her captors must sedate and carry her off to the scaffold.
## Background
The plot is based on the true story of Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters of a prominent 1920s adultery--murder case, in which the pair of lovers were convicted of murdering Edith Thompson\'s husband. It was widely believed at the time that Thompson was innocent, but was nevertheless hanged for her alleged involvement in the crime. The case was especially noted as, on the day of her execution, Thompson became hysterical and had to be sedated, and she was carried by prison officers to the gallows. Rumours abounded that she was pregnant, that her internal organs fell out of her body when she was hanged, and that the experience contributed to the resignation and eventual suicide of her executioner, John Ellis.
## Cast
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
Unlike Philip Goodhew\'s earlier film, *Intimate Relations (1996 film)*, *Another Life* was relatively poorly received by critics. Writing in Variety, Derek Elley noted a strong cast but felt that the script and direction were inconsistent in quality. He considered that the picture was subject to a \"stiffness\" typical of the period drama genre, but sensed that Goodhew had greater ambitions, with the result that the film felt \"like a much bigger picture trapped in a small frame\". *The Guardian* critic Peter Bradshaw described it as a \"spruce, neatly furnished and nicely acted true-life crime story\" but also found it to be \"a flesh-creeping domestic thriller with hints of grisly black comedy\", and praised Kit Hesketh-Harvey\'s period songs.
The film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes indicates 43% approval rating based on over 100 reviews with an overall rating of 3/5
| 587 |
Another Life (2001 film)
| 0 |
11,091,816 |
# Metin Aktaş
**Metin Aktaş** (born 1 August 1977) is a Turkish footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for Adana Demirspor in 2012. Aktaş was a member of the Turkey squad at the 2000 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship
| 40 |
Metin Aktaş
| 0 |
11,091,848 |
# Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
{{ Infobox Wargame \| title = Babylon 5: A Call to Arms \| subtitle = Babylon 5 Space Combat \| image_link = \| image_caption = Cover of the *Babylon 5: A Call to Arms* - Revised Edition boxed set cover \| designer = Matt Sprange and others \| manufacturer = Mongoose Publishing \| publisher = Mongoose Publishing \| illustrator = \| years = 2004 to 2009 \| players = 2+ \| ages = 12+ \| setup_time = 5 - 30 minutes \| playing_time = 15 minutes - 5 hours \| strategy = \| random_chance = Dice rolling \| skills = Strategy, Arithmetic \| footnotes = \| web = }}
***Babylon 5: A Call to Arms*** (***ACtA***) is a tabletop miniatures boardgame released in September 2004 by Mongoose Publishing, designed initially as an expansion to their *Babylon 5: The Roleplaying Game*, it is a complete game in its own right. *Babylon 5: A Call to Arms* is based upon the sci-fi television series *Babylon 5* and draws heavily on material from the television show and the boardgame *Babylon 5 Wars*. The game\'s popularity exceeded Mongoose Publishing\'s initial expectations and has expanded to include new rules supplements and new miniatures; a second edition of the game was released in August 2007. Mongoose Publishing announced on their website in February 2008 that all production of miniatures for the line would cease as of March 2008. Mongoose have indicated they will continue to support the game however through supplements and articles in their in-house magazine Signs and Portents.
*ACtA* won a Gamers\' Choice award at Origins Awards 2004.
| 272 |
Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
| 0 |
11,091,848 |
# Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
## History
Since its initial release in 2004, *A Call to Arms* has gone through several significant changes, with the release of supporting material and supplements. Initially the main boxed set contained the basic rules set and fleet lists for the Earth Alliance, Minbari, Centauri, Narn, Interstellar Alliance, Shadows, Vorlons, Raiders and League of Non-Aligned Worlds, as well as cardboard counters that could be used in place of miniatures to represent the ships. Some of these lists were extremely limited in options but most ships from the show were represented, including the iconic White Star but not the Babylon 5 space station.
With the help of feedback from players there were three Rules Supplements released in the following year, each providing a range of new units, rules and points of discussion. Rules Supplement 1 concentrated on new fighter rules, new missions, addressing several FAQ and finally releasing rules for space stations and Babylon 5 itself. Rules Supplement 2 included rules for fleet carriers and revised fleet lists for the Vorlons and the Shadows. Rules Supplement 3 included an expanded set of fleet lists for the League of Non-Aligned Worlds and new Refits and Duties tables for campaign play.
This was all part of the ongoing design and development process for what was essentially still a new game and Mongoose Publishing decided to publish in September 2005 a more comprehensive update for the game in the form of the book *Sky Full of Stars (SFoS)*. This supplement not only pulled together all of the threads from the Rules Supplements but added more detail to certain sections of rules (particularly the campaign rules) and completely overhauled every fleet list. SFoS was a large expansion for the game both in terms of rules and in terms of the miniatures available. Soon after this there was a revised edition of the main boxed set to reflect any rules changes (although not the updated fleet lists).
Over the next year there were numerous articles in Mongoose\'s Signs & Portents magazine, and smaller supplements to cover the Earth-Minbari War, fleets for the Dilgar and Drakh. October 2006 saw the next significant release for the game with the hardback supplement *Armageddon* released. This supplement provided further rules updates, new ships for many races and new fleet lists for three different Earth Alliance eras, the Shadows, the Vorlons and the Ancients. This supplement has been the most controversial, with issues including the introduction of a new (Armageddon) priority level and Mongoose\'s problems with moulds for many ships collapsing.
Since then, there has been the release of the pak\'ma\'ra fleet followed by the release of the 2nd edition of the Call to Arms games in Aug 2007. This edition introduced new playable fleet list including the Gaim and Psi Corp as well as additional individual ships such as the Hurr Gunship, Technomage Pinnace and the Ipsha Warglobe.
In Feb 2008 Mongoose Publishing announced on their website that;
> After a very successful number of years producing miniatures for our Origins award-winning game A Call to Arms, Mongoose Publishing is announcing today that we will cease production of this range of models with effect from March 31st 2008. The increasing costs associated with this range combined with its sheer breadth means that production of miniatures is no longer commercially viable at this time. As a result we have reduced our prices on the miniatures by 20%, which will continue until March 31st 2008, when they will be removed from our catalogue. So, if you have been thinking about that new Shadow fleet or want to bolster the defences of the ISA, now is the time! We will still continue to support A Call to Arms through Signs & Portents and book releases.
The announcement came as a surprise to members of the Mongoose forums given the relatively active release schedule for new models and the short time after the release of the 2nd edition of the game. Speculation that the decision to cease miniature production was prompted by problems in extending the necessary license from Warner Bros to produce B5 miniatures was dismissed as false by Matthew Sprange, co-founder of Mongoose Publishing.
Mongoose Publishing purchased the license from Warner Bros following the demise of Agents of Gaming in November 2002 who had previous held said license to market and sell the Babylon 5 Wars game using many of the ship models as the current A Call to Arms line.
Mongoose Publishing later announced that on June 30, 2009, they would no longer be selling any more Babylon 5 licensed products, as they chose to not renew the license.
| 776 |
Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
| 1 |
11,091,848 |
# Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
## The tabletop game {#the_tabletop_game}
### Overview
ACtA has two or more players bringing a fleet ships consisting of miniatures or counters and fighting out a battle using dice, rules and tactics. Each player has a certain number of Fleet Allocation Points (FAP) to spend on choices from one of many race-specific fleet lists. All ships are allocated a Priority Level that determines its value and these are (in ascending order): Patrol; Skirmish; Raid; Battle; War; Armageddon. Once a size of battle and the number of FAP to spend (and scenario) are chosen, each player selects his ships, splitting or combining the FAP to produce the desired fleet. The most common size of game is Raid Priority Level with 5 FAP to spend.
Play is divided into turns where each player gets to perform actions with each of his ships and using dice to determine the outcomes of these actions. In each turn there is a Movement Phase, Attack Phase and an End Phase. Each phase has a defined set of rules that limit the options available to each player and the stats in the fleet lists determine the abilities of the individual units.
Rather than a traditional alternating sequence of play (where a player makes actions with every unit before his opponent goes), each player gets to make one action with a ship before his opponent makes an action, and so on. There is a wide variety of scenarios to play and each presents a different set of challenges to the player.
Victory is determined by the scenario-specific Victory Conditions and may range more commonly from the highest scorer of Victory Points to completing a specific mission objective.
### Miniatures
*A Call to Arms* is a miniatures game and as such every unit may be represented by a miniature, although they may also be represented by a counter. Collecting and painting (and modeling) are integral parts of the game and a player may spend considerable time on this aspect of the hobby alone. There are a wide variety of fleet boxed sets that offer a mixture of ships for one race, along with a full range of ships that may be bought individually. This allows players to assemble a fleet that suits their preferences, whether they be aesthetic or tactical.
| 389 |
Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
| 2 |
11,091,848 |
# Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
## Races
There are a wide variety of races available to play, all with differing styles and looks. Currently these are:
- Earth Alliance (Early Years)
- Earth Alliance (Dawn of the Third Age)
- Earth Alliance (Crusade)
- Minbari
- Centauri
- Narn
- Interstellar Alliance
- Vorlons
- Shadows
- Abbai
- Brakiri
- Drazi
- Gaim
- pak\'ma\'ra
- Vree
- Raiders
- Dilgar
- Drakh
- Ancients
- Psi-Corps
### Earth Alliance (Early Years) {#earth_alliance_early_years}
The Earth Alliance was formed in 2075 following the formation of their first offworld colony and eventually led to the formation of a global (and interstellar) unifying government. As the Earth Alliance expanded and came into contact with more extraterrestrial races, there was an increasingly pressing need to build a navy for the protection of the Earth Alliance\'s sovereign interests. Early conflicts with the Koulani and Ch\'Lonas set up an atmosphere of confidence and when the Dilgar came onto the galactic stage as a threat to many nations, the Earth Alliance decided that it was time to flex their muscle on a greater stage and used the Dilgar War as a means to announce their presence to the other major nations. After a successful conflict from 2230 to 2232, the Earth Alliance became increasingly belligerent and when confronted with the Minbari suffered their greatest defeat and came within one battle of being completely annihilated.
Earth Alliance ships from this era are solid and rely heavily on plasma and pulse weaponry. Railguns and missiles are also seen but beam weaponry only really came in during the Earth-Minbari war when the Narns sold Centauri beam technology in an attempt to make money and implicate the Centauri during a conflict they wanted to otherwise stay out of. Earth Alliance ships are generally slow and cumbersome with solid defences, including innovative interceptor grids, and one of the best dogfighters in the galaxy - no mean feat for one of the newest major races. The Aurora Starfury is an unusual design and succeeds in being one of the premier fighters, coming second only to Minbari designs. An unsubtle fleet but one full of power and no lack of impetus to defeat even the most determined of foes.
### Minbari
The Minbari are the oldest of the \'young\' ones and it was not until after the second Shadow War that any of the other younger races could match their ships. They were a mysterious race to all but the Vorlons - who were their mentors. And it is not until they started to form the Army of Light that they revealed themselves to talk and help other races, instead of unleashing their rage as they had done so before. Even after this there were still numerous secrets and mysteries surrounding them, some of which even most Minbari did not know of. A re-occurring theme of the Minbari species is the idea of \'3\' and its multiples. They have three castes, several religious artifacts are triangular and the Grey Council - the leading body of the Minbari consists of nine Minbari; three from each caste. The caste system usually works well, and is the main reason for the Minbari being so advanced. However, there was once a war between castes which nearly cost the Minbari as a race dearly.
The Minbari are a very advanced race who have developed complex engines for their ships. Most of their weapons are beam weapons which can literally cut hulls cleanly and easily into two. However, it is their defense system which makes them so hard to defeat. All their ships, and even their fighters, have complex stealth systems which simply stop the enemy from targeting their ships. This is why the Minbari have lower hull scores than most - as there is rarely a weapon aimed at them that actually hits; but this does mean that if the enemy finds a way of penetrating the stealth they will find the Minbari ships easier to destroy than they might expect, but this is easier said than done and the Minbari will normally have killed several of the other fleet before this happens.
### Centauri
The Centauri were known as the Lion of the Galaxy and for good reason. The great Centauri Republic was an empire to be feared and respected by all but the oldest of races. A Roman style senate leads the Centauri people and is directed by the Emperor. This system of government oversaw a vast galactic empire that the Centauri carved out for themselves over centuries. Although not fully gone, the Centauri Republic at the time of Babylon 5 was a shadow of its former glory. Many saw the beginning of the decline as the Centauri withdrawal from the Narn occupation of the 22nd Century. From this point many smaller nations including the Narn and Drazi have claimed former regions of Centauri territory and due to political infighting and disunity there has been no concerted effort to reclaim these lost territories. With the arrival of the Shadows the Centauri Republic once again made a bid for expansion that ultimately collapsed as enemies of the Shadows united against the Ancients and drove them out of the galaxy.
Centauri war doctrine follows similar martial codes to the fights demanded by their system of family honour. Despite highly advanced beam technology, the Centauri make extensive use of the more explosive ion cannon and matter cannon technologies. These weapons sacrifice range for destructive power and many Centauri hunt in packs of lightly armoured but heavily armed ships, aiming to swarm larger enemy vessels before they can pick off the Centauri targets. The larger Centauri capital ships such as the Primus are dissimilar to the larger ships of other races in that they tend to provide support for their packs of smaller vessels rather than be equipped to directly take on the lead enemy ships.
### Narn
The Narn are an aggressive, expansionist race with strict codes of personal honour and fervent religious beliefs. The Narn were historically an agrarian society with little or no interest in the universe around them and lacked the technology to travel beyond their own planet. This changed with the Centauri invasion early in the 22nd Century followed by 100 years of oppression and slavery until finally the Centauri wearied of Narn resistance and withdrew. This left a bitter enmity of the Centauri and led to the Narns rapidly carving out an empire for themselves, initially using scavenged ships but later integrating the fruits of their numerous dealings with other worlds. Governed by the Kha\'Ri, this strategy of background dealings served them well until the Centauri backed by the mysterious Shadows invaded them for a second time in 2259. Eventually breaking free from this occupation the Narn emerged weakened but keen to retake their rightful place in the galaxy and were one of the founding members of the Interstellar Alliance
Narn fleets are built around brute force, being powerful yet unsubtle. A favoured tactic is the long-ranged bombardment of an enemy with energy mines before closing with their beams and arrays of lighter weapons. Narn ships are built solidly, with few active defences, relying instead on weathering the punishment inflicted on them directly. This leads to Narn tactics of long-ranged beam and energy mine salvoes followed by pushing into the centre of an enemy position if possible. Poor speed and manoeuvrability of Narn ships often prevents this and many enemies attempt to stay out of range of the multiple Narn secondary weapons. The lighter Narn ships excel at bringing large amounts of firepower to bear on targets and any ship targeted by a Narn fleet rarely survives for very long.
| 1,289 |
Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
| 3 |
11,091,848 |
# Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
## Races
### Abbai
The Abbai are a semi-aquatic race with a matriarchal and deeply pacifist society. The Abbai themselves are amphibious and build much of their planet\'s infrastructure at least partially submerged underwater. They are fully capable of acting normally on dry land and in space too, being as physically resilient as most other species. Their history of peaceful coexistence has allowed them to develop their technology to advanced levels without the disruptions war brings about. This has also led to their adopting an approach of diplomacy over open warfare and are a stabilising influence over the League of Non-Aligned Worlds and later the Interstellar Alliance.
Their fleets reflect their society and Abbai ships are as a result almost impregnably tough due to their advanced armour, shielding and particle impeders but lack the heavy weaponry other fleets possess. Although less manoeuvrable than other races\' ships, Abbai ships have weapons with great coverage so are rarely outflanked and work best in a close fight where the enemy has to face guns in every direction. Lacking the support of a good fighter or heavy firepower, the Abbai often form a coordinated fleet with other races in the League of Non-Aligned Worlds. With the advent of the Drakh War the Abbai declared a holy war on the Drakh and unleashed the distinctly un-Abbai Juyaca Dreadnought - a ship with the sole intention of destruction of enemy fleets and ending the Drakh threat.
### Raiders
Raider is the name given to many groups of pirates, bounty hunters and smugglers of varying nationality. Most Raider groups consist of just a few dozen fighters and their pilots, occasionally with a small supply ship to back them up. However, some bands gain sufficient wealth and notoriety so as to purchase a large mothership and many fighters and attract larger numbers of pilots to help. Sometimes with their purchasing information such as shipping routes and being a large enough force, they can even cause significant threats to the local governments and military. Many of these groups don\'t survive long as there is no real system of trust or fellowship but this doesn\'t stop them inflicting significant harm on trade routes. The largest groups may even receive indirect support from League governments interested in disrupting local, rival nations.
Most Raider fleets consist of large numbers of fighters, backed up by a few larger support ships. Most of their ships are undergunned and slow but can prove surprisingly durable. Given their commitments and limited resources, most Raider fleets succeed best when they hit suddenly, using their faster fighters, then retreat quickly before attrition cripples their expensive motherships. This tactic works well with smaller engagements although due to a lack of warships, Raider commanders would do well to avoid larger conflicts.
### Drakh
The Drakh are a secretive race and were dedicated servants of the Shadows until they left the galaxy in 2261. After this time, they took it upon themselves to continue the Shadows\' work and to take revenge upon those whom they saw as responsible for forcing the Shadows away. Their plans were on two main levels, one an underground campaign of infiltration on Centauri Prime and the other, a more open war on the Earth Alliance and the Interstellar Alliance. They attempted to unleash a Shadow Planet Killer on Earth itself but were foiled at the last moment (see Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (movie) and instead unleashed a deadly Shadow tech plague. Their legacy continues and their secretive nature makes them a very difficult opponent to defeat.
Drakh ships are based upon Shadow technology and are highly advanced. Their hulls may not be as tough physically as those of other races\' ships but this is more than compensated for by a combination of high-powered gravitic energy grids and nimble Raiders. Their ships carry deadly beam weaponry that causes great damage but generally lack the range of other fleets. However, their strength lies in numbers and it is a common sight to see Drakh carriers unloading hordes of Raiders to swarm and overwhelm their enemy. Individually these ships may be weak, but in packs a wise enemy must scatter the Drakh forces before they can form up and present an impenetrable wedge of ships
| 716 |
Babylon 5: A Call to Arms (game)
| 4 |
11,091,855 |
# Charmion
**Laverie Vallee** (née **Cooper**; July 18, 1875 -- February 6, 1949), best known by her stage name **Charmion**, was an American vaudeville trapeze artist and strongwoman. One of her risqué trapeze acts was captured on film in 1901 by Thomas Edison.
## Career
According to the *Journal of Sport History* article \"Flying, Flirting, and Flexing: Charmion\'s Trapeze Act, Sexuality, and Physical Culture at the Turn of the Twentieth Century\", she made her debut on December 25, 1897, at Koster and Bial\'s vaudeville theatre in New York City.
A native of Sacramento, Charmion built her act around a memorable routine which opened with her on-stage entrance dressed in full Victorian street attire. She subsequently mounted the trapeze and disrobed down to her acrobat leotards in the midst of the trapeze\'s swinging motion. She appears to have begun performing while in her late teens, and this was part of her repertoire at least as early as May 1, 1898, and possibly before 1896, when her act was seen by critic George Jean Nathan while he was a boy.
thumb\|thumbtime=1\|*Trapeze Disrobing Act*
Charmion performed a version of this then-risqué striptease for an Edison short film, *Trapeze Disrobing Act*, on November 11, 1901. Two men are pictured in the film as an on-screen audience, applauding Charmion, and catching her clothes. This was deemed necessary so that the men in the actual audience would have a visual cue to enjoy the performance, instead of reacting with disgust, as polite society then demanded.
## Death
Vallee died in Santa Ana, California, at the age of 73
| 262 |
Charmion
| 0 |
11,091,856 |
# List of mountains in Chile
## Mountains by elevation {#mountains_by_elevation}
Mountain Metres Feet Location and Notes `{{Mountain elev row| [[Ojos del Salado]]|6891| [[Atacama Region]]|Highest volcano on Earth}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Nevado Tres Cruces]]|6749| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Llullaillaco]] |6739| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Nevado Tres Cruces Central]] |6629| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Incahuasi]] |6621| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Tupungato]] |6570| [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metropolitan]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro El Muerto|El Muerto]]|6488| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Parinacota Volcano|Parinacota]]|6348| [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Pomerape]] |6282| [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Los Patos|Tres Quebradas]] |6239| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Pular (volcano)|Pular]]|6233| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Olivares|Olivares]]|6216| [[Coquimbo Region|Coquimbo]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Solo|Solo]]|6190| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Aucanquilcha]] |6176| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro El Toro|El Toro]]|6168| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Las Tórtolas|Las Tórtolas]]|6155| [[Coquimbo Region|Coquimbo]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Alto (Chile)|Alto]] |6148| [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metropolitan]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[El Ermitaño]] |6146| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[San Pedro (Chile volcano)|San Pedro]]|6145| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Medusa (mountain)|Medusa]]|6130| }}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas]]|6127| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Barrancas Blancas]]|6119| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Marmolejo]]|6108| [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metropolitan]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[San Pablo (volcano)|San Pablo]]|6092| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Colorados|Colorados]]|6080| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Wallatiri|Guallatiri]] |6071| [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Nevado del Plomo]]|6070| [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metropolitan]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Vicuñas|Vicuñas]] |6067| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Nevado El Fraile|El Fraile]]|6061| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Acotango]] |6052| [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Copiapó (volcano)|Copiapó]] |6052| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Socompa]] |6051| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Acamarachi]] |6046| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Cerro Peña Blanca|Peña Blanca]]|6030| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Palpana]] |6023| [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Nevado de los Piuquenes]] |6019| [[Santiago Metropolitan Region|Santiago Metropolitan]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Mountain elev row| [[Nevado San Francisco]]|6016| [[Atacama Region|Atacama]]}}`{=mediawiki}
---------- -------- ------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 326 |
List of mountains in Chile
| 0 |
11,091,856 |
# List of mountains in Chile
## Mountains by region {#mountains_by_region}
### Arica and Parinacota Region {#arica_and_parinacota_region}
- Acotango
- Aritinca
- Capurata
- Guallatiri
- Parinacota
- Pomerape
- Taapaca
- Tacora
### Tarapacá Region {#tarapacá_region}
- Alto Toroni
- Irruputuncu
- Isluga
### Antofagasta Region {#antofagasta_region}
- Acamarachi
- Aguas Calientes
- Aucanquilcha
- Azufre
- Caichinque
- Chiliques
- Colachi
- Colorado
- Escorial
- Guayaques
- Incahuasi
- Juriques
- Lascar
- Lastarria
- Licancabur
- Linzor
- Llullaillaco
- Minchincha
- Miñiques
- Miño
- Miscanti
- Olca
- Ollagüe
- Palpana
- Paranal
- Paruma
- Pular
- Puntas Negras
- Putana
- Quimal
- Sairecabur
- Salín
- San Pablo
- San Pedro
- Socompa
- Toco
- Tocorpuri
- Zapaleri
### Atacama Region {#atacama_region}
- Barrancas Blancas
- Azufre
- Bayo
- Colorados
- Copiapó
- El Muerto
- El Ermitaño
- El Fraile
- El Toro
- Falso Azufre
- Incahuasi
- Mulas Muertas
- Ojos del Salado
- Peña Blanca
- San Francisco
- Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
- Solo
- Tres Cruces
- Tres Quebradas
- Vicuñas
### Coquimbo Region {#coquimbo_region}
- Las Tórtolas
- Olivares
### Valparaíso Region {#valparaíso_region}
- Alto de los Leones
- Cerro de Los Inocentes
- Juncal
### Santiago Metropolitan Region {#santiago_metropolitan_region}
- Arenas
- El Morado
- El Plomo
- Cerro Leonera (4,954 m)
- Marmolejo
- Plomo
- Risopatrón
- San José
- Tupungatito
- Tupungato
### O\'Higgins Region {#ohiggins_region}
- Alto de los Arrieros
- Palomo
- Tinguiririca
### Maule Region {#maule_region}
- Azul
- Descabezado Chico
- Descabezado Grande
- Longaví
- Planchón-Peteroa
### Bío-Bío Region {#bío_bío_region}
- Antuco
- Callaqui
- Nevados de Chillán
- Copahue
- Sierra Velluda
### Araucanía Region {#araucanía_region}
- Lanín - highest mountain in Araucanía Region
- Llaima
- Lonquimay
- Quetrupillán
- Sierra Nevada
- Sollipulli
- Tolhuaca
- Villarrica
### Los Ríos Region {#los_ríos_region}
- Villarrica - highest mountain in Los Ríos Region
- Cacho del Toro
- Carrán
- Caulle
- Maltusado
- Lipinza
- Mocho-Choshuenco
- Nevado Las Agujas
- Oncol
- Paillahuinte
- Puyehue
- Trafa
- Tralcán
### Los Lagos Region {#los_lagos_region}
- Antillanca
- Calbuco
- Corcovado
- Hornopirén
- Michinmahuida
- Osorno
- Puntiagudo
- Tronador - highest mountain in Los Lagos Region
- Yanteles
- Yate
### Aisén Region {#aisén_region}
- Arenales
- Barros Arana
- Castillo
- Hudson
- Lautaro
- Macá
- Melimoyu
- Mentolat
- Pared Norte
- Puyuhuapi
- San Lorenzo
- San Valentín - highest mountain in Aysén Region
- Steffen
### Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region {#magallanes_and_antártica_chilena_region}
- Aguilera
- Balmaceda
- Burney
- Castillo Dynevor
- Darwin
- Fitz Roy - highest mountain in Magallanes Region
- Sarmiento
- Tarn
- Torre
| 465 |
List of mountains in Chile
| 1 |
11,091,878 |
# Hiroshima Bay
is a bay in the Inland Sea, Japan. Administratively, the bay is divided between Hiroshima and Yamaguchi Prefectures. The bay\'s shore is a Ria. Its surface area is about 1,000 km2, with a mean depth of 25 m.
## Municipalities
- Kure, Hiroshima
- Saka, Hiroshima
- Kaita, Hiroshima
- Fuchū, Hiroshima
- Hiroshima
- Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima
- Ōtake, Hiroshima
- Etajima, Hiroshima
- Waki, Yamaguchi
- Iwakuni, Yamaguchi
## Major rivers {#major_rivers}
- Kyōbashi River
- Motoyasu River
- Ōta River
- Oze River
- Tenma River
## Major islands {#major_islands}
- Kanawajima
- Tōgejima
- Ninoshima
- Enoshima
- Etajima
- Ōnasabijima (Ōnasamitō)
- Ogurokamijima
- Nomijima
- West Nomijima
- East Nomijima
- Ōkurokamishima
- Kurahashijima
- Nasakejima
- Atatajima
- Inokojima
- Itsukushima
- Nagashima
- Okinoshima
- Kabutojima
## Trivia
Jaco Pastorius once threw his \"Bass of Doom\" (Fender Jazz Bass) into the Hiroshima Bay
| 153 |
Hiroshima Bay
| 0 |
11,091,883 |
# Sedge Island
**Sedge Island** (*Isla Culebra*) is one of the islands of the Falkland archipelago. Something of an outlier, it is due north of the large island of West Falkland and to the east of the Jason Islands. It is north east of Carcass Island and north west of Saunders Island. It is low-lying and covered in grass and tussock, including the sedges which give it its name.
In 1978, Sedge Island was owned by Walter \"Wally\" McBeth, who tried to settle there with his wife and two daughters. He planned to build a small airstrip for FIGAS but this did not happen. He did however set up an unsuccessful sheep farm, first with a hut that he floated onto the island, and then a prefabricated house, which has three bedrooms.
In 1985, it was acquired by David Hawksworth, who has owned it ever since
| 146 |
Sedge Island
| 0 |
11,091,903 |
# Creeping snowberry
**Creeping snowberry** is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
- *Gaultheria hispidula*
- *Symphoricarpos hesperius*
- *Symphoricarpos mollis*
| 25 |
Creeping snowberry
| 0 |
11,091,919 |
# Kevin Mahogany
**Kevin Bryant Mahogany** (July 30, 1958 -- December 17, 2017) was an American jazz vocalist who became prominent in the 1990s. Particularly known for his scat singing, his singing style has been compared with those of Billy Eckstine, Joe Williams and Johnny Hartman.
## Early years {#early_years}
Mahogany began his study of music as a child with piano and later learned to play the clarinet and baritone saxophone, performing with jazz bands and teaching music while still in high school. He said, \"When I was a kid, music was just as important as English and math in our household\... Piano lessons were a grade school staple for the whole family.\" He attended Baker University, where he performed with instrumental and vocal ensembles and formed a vocal jazz group. In 1981, he received his BFA in music and English drama.
## Performing
After graduating, Mahogany returned to Kansas City, where he attracted a local following in the 1980s performing with his groups \"The Apollos\" and \"Mahogany\". In 1995 he was featured on a CD by Frank Mantooth.
Mahogany\'s first CD as a solo artist was *Double Rainbow* (1993). It was followed by the album *Kevin Mahogany* (1996), which gained positive attention in the media, and prompted *Newsweek* to call Mahogany \"the standout jazz vocalist of his generation.\"
Mahogany appeared in Robert Altman\'s film *Kansas City* (1996), playing a character said to be based on Kansas City singer Big Joe Turner.
In 1997, Mahogany was featured on the soundtrack to *Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil* singing \"Laura\", written by Johnny Mercer.
He has listed his vocal influences as Lambert, Hendricks and Ross, Al Jarreau and Eddie Jefferson. He has taught at the Berklee College of Music in Boston and the University of Miami.
In 2016, he was featured on the track \"Special Girl\" on the CD *Bang & Classic* by Polish rapper Bosski Roman.
## Death
Mahogany died on December 17, 2017, from the effects of diabetes. He was 59.
## Discography
### As leader {#as_leader}
- *Double Rainbow* (Enja, 1993)
- *Songs and Moments* (Enja, 1994)
- *You Got What It Takes* (Enja, 1995)
- *Kevin Mahogany* (Warner Bros., 1996)
- *Another Time Another Place* (Warner Bros., 1997)
- *My Romance* (Warner Bros., 1998)
- *Pussy Cat Dues: The Music of Charles Mingus* (Enja, 2000)
- *Pride & Joy* (Telarc, 2002)
- *To: Johnny Hartman - Live at Birdland* (Mahogany Jazz, 2004)
- *Big Band* (Zebra, 2005)
- *Next Time You See Me* (Mahogany Jazz, 2012)
- *Old, New, Borrowed and The Blues* (Mahogany Jazz, 2013)
- *The Vienna Affair* (Cracked AnEgg, 2015)
- *Just You and Me* (Racing Jazz, 2017)
- *Live in Torino* - *Italy* (Racing Jazz, 2021)
- *An Evening of Ballads (Live)* (Mahogany Jazz, 2024)
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
- Monty Alexander, *My America* (Telarc, 2002)
- Cheryl Bentyne, *Moonlight Serenade* (King \[jp\], 2003)
- Ray Brown, *Some of My Best Friends Are\...Singers* (Telarc, 1998)
- Elvin Jones, *It Don\'t Mean a Thing* (Enja, 1993)
- Tony Lakatos, *The Coltrane Hartman Fantasy Vol. 1* (Skip, 2010)
- Frank Mantooth, *Sophisticated Lady* (Sea Breeze, 1995)
- T. S
| 526 |
Kevin Mahogany
| 0 |
11,091,923 |
# Lily Laskine
**Lily Laskine** (31 August 1893 -- 4 January 1988) was one of the most prominent harpists of the twentieth century who was born and died in Paris. Born Lily Aimée Laskine to Jewish parents in Paris, she studied at the Conservatoire de Paris with Alphonse Hasselmans and became a frequent performing partner of several distinguished French flautists, including Marcel Moyse and Jean-Pierre Rampal. Laskine also served as professor of harp at the Conservatoire de Paris from 1948 to 1958. She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1958. She died in Paris.
In 1936 she married Roland Charmy, a violinist and academic of the Conservatoire de Paris
| 110 |
Lily Laskine
| 0 |
11,091,942 |
# Cactus Juice
***Cactus Juice*** is a two-CD album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released by Arcadia Records in 2006. It is a repackaging of three complete New Riders albums from the 1970s --- *Home, Home on the Road*; *Brujo*; and *Oh, What a Mighty Time*.
## Live in concert {#live_in_concert}
The first disc was recorded live in concert. It includes the 1974 album *Home, Home on the Road*, which was produced by Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead. Garcia had co-founded NRPS in 1969, along with John \"Marmaduke\" Dawson and David Nelson, and was the band\'s original pedal steel guitar player. *Home, Home on the Road* features the \"classic\" early \'70s lineup of the band --- Dawson, Nelson, Dave Torbert, Buddy Cage, and Spencer Dryden.
Disc one also includes four additional songs. These bonus tracks were recorded live at the Fillmore West in 1971 and also had been previously released. The first three songs --- \"Down in the Boondocks\", \"The Weight\", and \"Superman\" --- had originally appeared on the 2003 expanded re-release of the band\'s eponymous first album. The fourth song, \"Henry\", was taken from the 1972 album *Fillmore: The Last Days*, by various artists. Garcia plays pedal steel on these tracks.
## In the studio {#in_the_studio}
The second disc was recorded in the studio. It consists of the 1974 album *Brujo* and the 1975 album *Oh, What a Mighty Time*.
Before *Brujo* was recorded, Skip Battin, formerly of the Byrds, had replaced Dave Torbert as the New Riders\' bass player, after Torbert left to join Kingfish.
On *Oh, What a Mighty Time*, Jerry Garcia plays guitar on three songs --- \"Mighty Time\", \"I Heard You Been Layin\' My Old Lady\" and \"Take a Letter Maria\". Sly Stone plays keyboards on \"Mighty Time\".
## Cover
The cover photo for *Cactus Juice* was taken by Herb Greene as part of the photo shoot for *Oh, What a Mighty Time*. Pictured from left to right are John Dawson, Spencer Dryden, David Nelson, Skip Battin, and Buddy Cage.
| 345 |
Cactus Juice
| 0 |
11,091,942 |
# Cactus Juice
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### Disc one {#disc_one}
***Home, Home on the Road:***
1. \"Hi, Hello, How Are You\" (John Dawson) -- 2:30
2. \"She\'s No Angel\" (J.W. Arnold, Wanda Ballman) -- 3:09
3. \"Groupie\" (Dave Torbert) -- 2:43
4. \"Sunday Susie\" (Dawson) -- 2:37
5. \"Kick in the Head\" (Robert Hunter) -- 3:13
6. \"Truck Drivin\' Man\" (Terry Fell) -- 3:10
7. \"Hello Mary Lou\" (Gene Pitney) -- 3:47
8. \"Sutter\'s Mill\" (Dawson) -- 2:10
9. \"Dead Flowers\" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) -- 4:01
10. \"Henry\" (Dawson) -- 4:43
11. \"School Days\" (Chuck Berry) -- 3:33
**Bonus tracks:**
1. \"Down in the Boondocks\" (Joe South) -- 4:03
2. \"The Weight\" (Robbie Robertson) -- 7:36
3. \"Superman\" (Dawson) -- 4:04
4. \"Henry\" (Dawson) -- 4:05
### Disc two {#disc_two}
***Brujo:***
1. \"Old Man Noll\" (Dawson) -- 2:44
2. \"Ashes of Love\" (Jack Anglin, Johnnie Wright) -- 2:14
3. \"You Angel You\" (Bob Dylan) -- 2:43
4. \"Instant Armadillo Blues\" (Dawson) -- 2:52
5. \"Workingman\'s Woman\" (Troy Seals, Will Jennings, Don Goodman) -- 2:44
6. \"On the Amazon\" (Skip Battin, Kim Fowley) -- 3:34
7. \"Big Wheels\" (Battin, Fowley) -- 3:00
8. \"Singing Cowboy\" (Battin, Fowley) -- 3:57
9. \"Crooked Judge\" (Hunter, David Nelson) -- 2:59
10. \"Parson Brown\" (Dawson) -- 3:06
11. \"Neon Rose\" (Battin, Fowley) -- 4:24
***Oh, What a Mighty Time:***
1. \"Mighty Time\" (Don Nix) -- 5:13
2. \"I Heard You Been Layin\' My Old Lady\" (Russell Wier) -- 3:24
3. \"Strangers on a Train\" (Battin, Fowley) -- 2:45
4. \"Up Against the Wall, Redneck\" (Ray Wylie Hubbard) -- 4:13
5. \"Take a Letter, Maria\" (R. B. Greaves) -- 4:07
6. \"Little Old Lady\" (Richard Wilbur) -- 2:52
7. \"On Top of Old Smoky\" (traditional, arranged and adapted by Frank Wakefield) -- 2:39
8. \"Over and Over\" (Dawson) -- 3:08
9. \"La Bamba\" (Ritchie Valens) -- 3:44
10. \"Going Round the Horn\" (Dawson, Wakefield) -- 3:33
11
| 323 |
Cactus Juice
| 1 |
11,091,989 |
# Gwydion Brooke
**Gwydion Brooke** (16 February 1912`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}27 March 2005) was the principal bassoonist of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and a member of its \"Royal Family\" of wind instrumentalists, along with Jack Brymer (clarinet), Terence MacDonagh (oboe), and Gerald Jackson (flute).
Born **Frederick James Gwydion Holbrooke**, he was the son of the composer Joseph Holbrooke.
After the death of Sir Thomas Beecham in 1961, Walter Legge hired Brooke as the principal bassoonist of the Philharmonia Orchestra, where he remained until his retirement in 1979. His recordings include one of the Mozart bassoon concerto with Beecham and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Weber bassoon concerto with Malcolm Sargent and the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra. According to Christopher Palmer, the clarinettist Thea King described Brooke as \"the finest bassoonist she\'s ever known, an artist of the first rank\". Composer Elizabeth Maconchy dedicated her *Concertino for Bassoon & String Orchestra* (1950) to Brooke, who gave the premiere performance at The Proms on 30 July 1954, again under the baton of Sargent
| 170 |
Gwydion Brooke
| 0 |
11,092,018 |
# Thokozani Khupe
**Thokozani Khupe** (born 18 November 1963) is a Zimbabwean politician, trade unionist and CCC party member. She was Deputy Prime Minister 2009--13.
Following the death of party founder Morgan Tsvangirai in early 2018 Khupe opposed the ascent of Nelson Chamisa as leader of the MDC-T on the grounds that she was the only one of its three Vice Presidents elected by congress, whereas Chamisa and the third vice president Elias Mudzuri had been appointed by Tsvangirai. Khupe was supported by much of the party organization in this, but lost the power struggle to Chamisa; Khupe and her supporters consider their faction the legitimate MDC-T and have continued to use the MDC-T name. They are involved in a court battle with the Chamisa faction over the party name, symbols, logo and trademark; the matter had not been resolved prior to the 2018 general elections and the Khupe faction ran in the elections as the MDC-T while the much bigger Chamisa faction ran as part of the MDC Alliance.
On 22 April 2018, she was elected unopposed as the president of her MDC-T faction at an extraordinary congress in Bulawayo.
In 2020 she was removed from the position of party president by Douglas Mwonzora amid strong claims of violence and cheating from her fans.
## Education
Born in Bulawayo, Khupe graduated in 1999 from the Turin Centre in Turin, Italy, with a certificate in Information Technology. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts in Media Studies from the Zimbabwe Open University, Master of Business Administration, MBA from the National University of Science and Technology, and a PhD in Social Studies from the University of Zimbabwe.
## Trade union politics {#trade_union_politics}
She served as an official of the Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) in 1987. In 1991 she was elected secretary of the ZCTU Women\'s Advisory Council and also became a member of the General Council of the ZCTU. In 1999 she participated in the formation of the Movement for Democratic Change party, in which she was elected as a National Executive member responsible for Transport, Logistics and Welfare.
## Political career {#political_career}
In June 2000, Khupe was elected as the Member of Parliament for Makokoba Constituency in Bulawayo.
She was a member of the Budget, Finance and Economic Development Committee; and on Youth Development, Gender and Employment Creation Committee and was elected vice chairperson of the Women\'s Parliamentary Caucus and became Parliamentary Deputy Chief Whip of the MDC. She retained the constituency in the March 2005 parliamentary election. She is in the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee of Defense, Home Affairs and National Security and that of Budget, Finance and Economic Development.
In the March 2008 parliamentary election, Khupe ran for re-election in Makokoba constituency as the candidate of the MDC-Tsvangirai faction, defeating Welshman Ncube, the Secretary-General of the MDC-Mutambara faction. She received 4,123 votes against 2,475 votes for Ncube.
She was for several years an active member of the African Parliamentary Network against Corruption.
Khupe was Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 11 February 2009 to August 2013 in the government of national unity between the MDC-T and ZANU-PF. She was a Member of Parliament for Makokoba constituency before being recalled by her party in 2018 on the grounds that she no longer represented the party\'s interests.
In 2005 she was elected vice-president of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) taking over from veteran trade unionist Gibson Sibanda.
One of her close allies in the Senate of Zimbabwe was Mildred Reason Dube.
In March 2022, Khuphe urged Zimbabweans to vote for Chamisa\'s Citizens Coalition for Change in that month\'s by-election
| 600 |
Thokozani Khupe
| 0 |
11,092,054 |
# Jurica Vučko
**Jurica Vučko** (born 8 October 1976) is a Croatian former professional footballer who currently serves as an assistant manager of Croatian club Hajduk Split.
## Club career {#club_career}
Vučko started his professional career with hometown\'s Hajduk Split, playing five seasons as an important first-team element. Subsequently, he moved to Spain, joining Deportivo Alavés after the Basque side\'s European exploits. Rarely used, he did net twice for the club, on 8 April 2001, in a 4--2 home triumph over Real Valladolid.
Staying in the country, Vučko spent a further four seasons playing in its second level, for UD Salamanca and Polideportivo Ejido (returning to Alavés in between), before returning to Hajduk in 2006. His return was short-lived however, as he transferred to Chinese League\'s Tianjin Teda F.C.
## International career {#international_career}
Vučko made his debut for the Croatia national football team in a 2000 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying match on 10 October 1998, against Malta. He received a further 3 caps, his final international was a June 2001 World Cup qualification match against San Marino.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He is an older brother of former Croatia international player Luka Vučko
| 194 |
Jurica Vučko
| 0 |
11,092,099 |
# West 3rd station
**West 3rd station** (signed as **W. 3 St (Stadium)**) is a station on the RTA Waterfront Line in Cleveland, Ohio. The station is located below and on the east side of West 3rd Street, after which the station is named. It is located just south of Cleveland Browns Stadium and has been designed to accommodate large event crowds.
## History
Foundations for the station were put in place when the Waterfront Line was constructed, but the station did not open with the rest of the Waterfront Line on July 10, 1996, since Cleveland Municipal Stadium was being demolished and construction of Cleveland Browns Stadium had not yet begun. The \$5 million station was built closer to the opening of the stadium and opened on August 12, 1999, in time for the first home game.
From 2013 to 2023, the platform was signed as **West Third Street FirstEnergy Stadium** to correspond with the renaming of Cleveland Browns Stadium to FirstEnergy Stadium. The stadium name reverted to Cleveland Browns Stadium on April 13, 2023.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
The station has two side platforms, each with a mini-high platform which allow passengers with disabilities to access trains. At street level, the station has a glass enclosed station house with a fare booth (usually unattended) and an elevator and stairs leading down to the inbound side platform. Access to the outbound platform is by crossings that extend across both tracks at each end of the platform.
On the north side of the station there is also a 680 ft ramp that is used exclusively after events. Passengers are asked to queue in different lines based on their destination to facilitate rapid loading of trains and attendants at booths located at the end of the ramp sell RTA tickets and inspect fares.
## Notable places nearby {#notable_places_nearby}
- Cleveland Browns Stadium
- Justice Center
- The Warehouse District
- Port of Cleveland
- Perry Monument
- Cuyahoga County Courthouse
- Justice Center Complex
- Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland
- Global Center for Health Innovation
- The Mall
## Gallery
West 3rd station sign.jpg\|Platform sign in 2018 West 3rd Cleveland RTA station 1.jpg\|View of platforms from inside station house West 3rd Cleveland RTA station 2.jpg\|Artwork on stairway landing below lobby West 3rd station ramp.jpg\|Station ramp in 2018 West 3rd station platform.jpg\|Boarding queues with destination signs West 3rd station platform (5)
| 400 |
West 3rd station
| 0 |
11,092,150 |
# Gerry Lincoln
**Gerald C. (Gerry) Lincoln** (died November 5 or 6, 2017) was one of the founders of the Heritage Front along with Wolfgang Droege, Grant Bristow and James Scott Dawson. Lincoln was editor of *Up Front*, the group\'s official magazine, designed the group\'s logo and also acted as one of its spokespersons.
In 1989, Lincoln traveled with Droege and other members of the Nationalist Party of Canada to Libya on the invitation of Muammar al-Gaddafi to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the Libyan regime. It was on that trip that several members of the Nationalist Party, disaffected by the leadership of Don Andrews, decided to found the Heritage Front.
In the 1960s, Lincoln was a fan of Jackie Shane, an openly gay, transgender, Black soul and rhythm and blues singer based in Toronto. Lincoln moved from New York to Toronto in 1965 to take a job as manager of the pop department of A&A Records He noticed that customers were coming in to buy Shane\'s single of \"Any Other Way\" from the early 60s even though it had dropped off the charts and was no longer in print and the Canadian distributor no longer had the rights. Having become a fan himself, he was able to convince Caravan Records to record *Jackie Shane Live* at the Saphire Tavern in 1967, for which he wrote the liner notes. The album was reissued in 2015 when interest in Shane revived.
In his later years, Lincoln ceased his political activities and owned an internet cafe in Cabbagetown, Toronto
| 257 |
Gerry Lincoln
| 0 |
11,092,162 |
# Tom Asbury
**Thomas Sydnor Asbury** (born July 14, 1945) is an American former men\'s college basketball coach. He spent two separate terms as head coach at Pepperdine University, retiring from that position in 2011. He was also a head coach for Kansas State University and served as an assistant coach at Pepperdine, the University of Wyoming (his alma mater), and the University of Alabama.
## Career
### Pepperdine
Asbury was an assistant coach at Pepperdine for nine seasons before succeeding Jim Harrick as head coach. Asbury was very successful in his first stint at Pepperdine, becoming the conference coach of the year twice and compiling a 125--59 record in his first six years. He took the Waves to the NCAA Tournament in 1991, 1992, and 1994, as well as two NIT appearances, three regular-season WCC titles, and three WCC Tournament championships.
### Kansas State and Alabama {#kansas_state_and_alabama}
His success landed him the head coaching job at Kansas State University. He coached the Wildcats for six seasons, making the NCAA tournament once and the NIT tournament twice. However, his final season ended in 1999--2000 at Kansas State with a 9--19 record and a 2--14 conference record. He was fired and later returned to coaching as an assistant at the University of Alabama under former pupil Mark Gottfried. Mark Fox, the head coach at the University of California, is another former Asbury assistant, having coached with him at Kansas State.
### Return to Pepperdine and retirement {#return_to_pepperdine_and_retirement}
Asbury came out of retirement to coach Pepperdine for a second time prior to the 2008--09 season. After three more seasons, on March 11, 2011, Asbury announced his retirement, turning the Pepperdine program over to assistant Marty Wilson. In October 2012, Asbury was inducted into the Pepperdine Athletics Hall of Fame
| 297 |
Tom Asbury
| 0 |
11,092,166 |
# Huntington Beach Union High School District
The **Huntington Beach Union High School District** (**HBUHSD**) is a public school district serving portions of the Orange County cities of Huntington Beach, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove and Westminster.
It oversees eight sites, offering courses for students in grades 9--12. The union high school district also offers courses through an affiliated adult school. Its superintendent since September 2024 is Dr. Carolee Ogata
| 69 |
Huntington Beach Union High School District
| 0 |
11,092,224 |
# Yung Joc discography
This is the **discography of Yung Joc**, an American rapper.
## Albums
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+---+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | |
+================================================================+===========================================+======================+===+
| US\ | US\ | US Rap\ | |
| | R&B\ | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+---+
| *New Joc City* | - Released: June 6, 2006 | 3 | 1 |
| | - Label: Block, Bad Boy South, Atlantic | | |
| | - Format: CD, LP, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+---+
| *Hustlenomics* | - Released: August 28, 2007 | 3 | 1 |
| | - Label: Block, Bad Boy South, Atlantic | | |
| | - Format: CD, LP, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+---+
| \"---\" denotes items that did not chart or were not released. | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+---+
: List of studio albums, with selected chart positions and certifications
## Mixtapes
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Title | Mixtape details |
+===============================+==============================+
| *Joc of Spades* | - Released: 2006 |
| | - Label: Self-released |
| | - Format: Digital download |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| *Joc Is Back* | - Released: 2008 |
| | - Label: Self-released |
| | - Format: Digital download |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| *The Grind Flu* | - Released: 2009 |
| | - Label: Self-released |
| | - Format: Digital download |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| *Swagg Team Mafia: The Movie* | - Released: 2010 |
| | - Label: Swagg Team |
| | - Format: Digital download |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| *Ready to Fly* | - Released: 2011 |
| | - Label: Swagg Team |
| | - Format: Digital download |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| *Bitch Im Joc* | - Released: 2012 |
| | - Label: Swagg Team |
| | - Format: Digital download |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| | |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 310 |
Yung Joc discography
| 0 |
11,092,224 |
# Yung Joc discography
## Singles
### As lead artist {#as_lead_artist}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | |
+=======================================================================================+======+======================+=====+======+
| US\ | US\ | US\ | UK\ | UK\ |
| | R&B\ | Rap\ | | R&B\ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"It\'s Goin\' Down\" | 2006 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"I Know You See It\"\ | | 17 | 5 | 2 |
| (featuring Ms. B) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"1st Time\"\ | | 82 | 15 | 11 |
| (featuring Marques Houston and Trey Songz) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Coffee Shop\"\ | 2007 | 78 | 39 | 23 |
| (featuring Gorilla Zoe) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Bottle Poppin\'\"\ | | --- | 59 | --- |
| (featuring Gorilla Zoe) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Yeah Boy\" | 2010 | --- | 80 | --- |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"I Know What She Like\"\ | 2011 | --- | 91 | --- |
| (featuring Yo Gotti and Stuey Rock) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Mollie\"\ | 2012 | --- | --- | --- |
| (featuring T-Pain) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"I Got Bitches\"\ | 2014 | --- | --- | --- |
| (featuring AE200 and D Dro) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Features\"\ | | --- | --- | --- |
| (featuring T-Pain) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Wrong Places\" | 2016 | --- | --- | --- |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"Perfect Timing\"\ | 2019 | --- | --- | --- |
| (featuring Gunna and B. Smyth) | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
| \"---\" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+----------------------+-----+------+
: List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released and album name
### As featured artist {#as_featured_artist}
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | |
+=====================================================================================+========+======================+=====+=====+
| US | US R&B | US Rap | AUT | CAN |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"I Love You\"\ | 2006 | --- | 38 | --- |
| (Cheri Dennis featuring Jim Jones and Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Show Stopper\"\ | | 8 | 33 | --- |
| (Danity Kane featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Zoom\"\ | | 61 | 25 | 14 |
| (Lil Boosie featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"In the Hood\"\ | | --- | 64 | --- |
| (Trae featuring Yung Joc and Big Pokey) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin\')\"\ | 2007 | 1 | 1 | --- |
| (T-Pain featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"5000 Ones\"\ | | --- | 73 | --- |
| (DJ Drama featuring Nelly, T.I., Yung Joc, Willie the Kid, Young Jeezy, and Twista) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Portrait of Love\"\ | | --- | 55 | --- |
| (Cheri Dennis featuring Yung Joc and Gorilla Zoe) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Killa\"\ | | 39 | 53 | --- |
| (Cherish featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Lookin\' Boy\"\ | 2008 | 47 | 11 | 9 |
| (Hot Stylz featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Get Like Me\"\ | | 16 | 7 | 2 |
| (David Banner featuring Chris Brown and Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"So Fly\"\ | | 49 | 8 | 18 |
| (Slim featuring Shawty Lo and Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Beep\"\ | | 55 | 6 | --- |
| (Bobby V featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Imma Put It on Her\"\ | 2009 | 79 | 29 | --- |
| (Day26 featuring Yung Joc and Diddy) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Big Shot\"\ | 2010 | --- | --- | --- |
| (Kane & Abel featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"Fucking Around (Like This)\"\ | 2012 | --- | --- | --- |
| (YC featuring Yung Joc and Nephew) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| \"In That Order\"\ | 2016 | --- | --- | --- |
| (Momma Dee featuring Yung Joc) | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
| | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+----------------------+-----+-----+
: List of singles, with selected chart positions
## Guest appearances {#guest_appearances}
Title Year Other artist(s) Album
---------------------------- ------ ----------------------- -------------------------------------------------
\"Me & U (Remix)\" 2006 Cassie, Diddy
\"Yeah (Remix)\" Big Kuntry King, T.I. *Grand Hustle Presents: In da Streetz Volume 4*
\"Touching Everything\" Lil Scrappy *Bred 2 Die - Born 2 Live*
\"Clap On\" 2007 8Ball & MJG *Ridin\' High*
\"Throw Aways\" Trae, Gorilla Zoe *Life Goes On*
\"Booty Bangs\" Jessi Malay rowspan=\"2\" `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki}
\"Get Money\" Candy Pye
\"Don\'t Know How to Act\" 2008 Flo Rida *Mail on Sunday*
\"Hit the Floor\" Bohagon *Crunk In HD*
\"Maserati\" Diamond, Teairra Mari rowspan=\"2\" `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki}
\"U Can\'t\" One Chance
\"I\'m a Beast\" 2009 Pleasure P *The Introduction of Marcus Cooper*
\"Stripclub\" 2010 Donell Jones *Lyrics*
\"Do It B.I.G
| 907 |
Yung Joc discography
| 1 |
11,092,233 |
# İbrahim Aydemir
**İbrahim Aydemir** (born 19 May 1983 in Augsburg, West Germany) is a Turkish footballer. He plays as a striker for SV Heimstetten.
## Club career {#club_career}
Aydemir previously played for Sivasspor in the Süper Lig during the 2005--06 season, and had stints with Samsunspor in the TFF First League and Etimesgut Şekerspor in the TFF Second League. He also had a brief spell with Unterhaching in the 2. Bundesliga
| 72 |
İbrahim Aydemir
| 0 |
11,092,242 |
# Tear Yo Club Down
***Tear Yo Club Down*** is a 1999 album by Memphis underground rapper Gangsta Pat that was recorded in response to comments made by Three 6 Mafia in *The Source* magazine referring to him as \"a fake ass rapper with no skills.\" Though many considered Pat\'s retaliation a desperate attempt for publicity, the album is still considered one of his best works. This album is also considered the door opener for many other disses to Three 6 by unknown rappers or other former members, the most known being Atlanta rapper, T-Rock and his tracks, \"My Little Arm\" & \"Fuck 3 6\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. Smoke Somethin\' - 3:58
2. All They Wanna - 4:20
3. I Let\'em Know - 4:00
4. Nigga\'s I Hang Wit - 4:00
5. We Buck up N Dis - 4:07
6. G\'N 4 Life - 4:23
7. Interview One - 1:02
8. Gangsta Party - 4:02
9. My Gator\'s - 4:01
10. It\'s Friday Night - 4:01
11. It\'s All Good - 3:58
12. I Need Your Money - 4:14
13. Tear Yo Club Down (Three 6 Mafia Diss) - 4:30
14
| 193 |
Tear Yo Club Down
| 0 |
11,092,243 |
# Tennessee State Route 157
**State Route 157** (**SR 157**) is a short secondary highway in northern Obion County, Tennessee.
## Route description {#route_description}
SR 157 begins at its junction with SR 22 northeast of Samburg and continues in a northerly direction toward the Kentucky/Tennessee state line as it passes through or nearby the unincorporated communities Walnut Log and Fishgap Hill. At the state line, the route changes to Kentucky Route 311 and continues on to Hickman, Kentucky. This highway carries a 55 mi/h speed limit and is designated as a secondary highway throughout its entire length in the State of Tennessee. It also passes through the Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge
| 111 |
Tennessee State Route 157
| 0 |
11,092,253 |
# Wilson (footballer, born 1985)
**Wilson Rodrigues Fonseca** (born 21 March 1985), or simply **Wilson**, is a Brazilian striker, currently playing for Mirassol.
## Biography
Born in Araras, São Paulo state, Wilson started his career at Corinthians. He spent two half season at Paulista FC in July 2005, from 2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B to 2006 Campeonato Paulista. In January 2008 he was signed by Italian Serie A team Genoa in `{{frac|3|1|2}}`{=mediawiki}-year contract for €1.1 million. Before that deal Corinthians only owned 50% economic rights and the other half was owned by Moacir da Cunha Viana. Corinthians later announced that the club only received R\$ 0.689 million from Brod Island S.A. in its 2008 accounts. He was loaned back to Sport Recife at the start of 2008--09 Serie A. In July 2009 Sport signed him outright for free.
Wilson left for Chinese Super League club Shaanxi Chanba in February 2011. He left for Vegalta Sendai shortly after due to his lack of goals for the club.
## Club career statistics {#club_career_statistics}
*Updated to 23 February 2017*.
Club Season League League Cup^1^ League Cup^2^
----------------- ---------- ----------- -------- ------ -------- ------ ---------------
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Genoa 2007--08 Serie A 3 0 \-
Total 3 0 \-
Sport Recife 2008 Série A 10 4
2009 23 8
2010 Série B 21 7
Total 54 19
Shaanxi Chan-Ba 2011 CSL 24 3 2 0 \-
Total 24 3 2 0 \-
Vegalta Sendai 2012 J1 League 32 13 1 0 8
2013 30 13 3 1 2
2014 24 4 0 0 3
2015 19 4 3 2 4
2016 23 6 1 0 3
Total 128 40 8 3 20
Career total 209 75 11 3 28
^1^Includes Emperor\'s Cup.
^2^Includes J. League Cup.
^3^Includes Copa Libertadores and AFC Champions League.
## Honours
- Brazilian First Division in 2005 with Corinthians
- Pernambuco state championship in 2010 with Sport Recife
- J
| 325 |
Wilson (footballer, born 1985)
| 0 |
11,092,314 |
# Zoghby Initiative
The **Zoghby Initiative** was an ecumenical endeavour launched by Melkite Greek Catholic Church bishop Elias Zoghby whose goal was to allow inter-communion between the Melkites and the Antiochian Orthodox Church after a short period of dialogue.
## 1974 Melkite-Antiochian synods {#melkite_antiochian_synods}
Zoghby\'s ecumenical initiatives gained visibility in May 1974 with the exchange of visits between the Melkite Catholic and the Antiochian Orthodox synods, which met simultaneously in Lebanon. During the visit of the Melkite Catholic delegation to the Orthodox synod Zoghby drew attention to the fact that the original causes of separation between the groups had ceased to exist and the way was open for the \"creation by stages of a real union between the two Churches, without waiting for the union of the Church of Rome and the Orthodox Churches.\" Afterwards the churches agreed to form separate commissions for dialogue.
## 1975 declaration
In 1975, Zoghby first suggested that the Melkite Catholic Church might enter communion with the Orthodox churches without ceasing to be in communion with Rome. After consideration, the Melkite Synod effectively shelved the proposal. The proposition, while admired, was considered too radical by the Melkite Catholic synod, whose members wished to proceed by more cautious dialogue, coupled with practical collaboration in community activities and pastoral work, prior to formal reunification. The idea then remained stalled during the chaos of the Lebanese Civil War, not to re-emerge among the Melkite Synod for another 20 years.
## Two-point Profession of Faith {#two_point_profession_of_faith}
In February 1995, Zoghby declared a two-point Profession of Faith:
::# I believe everything which Eastern Orthodoxy teaches.
::# I am in communion with the Bishop of Rome as the first among the bishops, according to the limits recognized by the Holy Fathers of the East during the first millennium, before the separation.
## July 1995 meeting {#july_1995_meeting}
At the July 1995 meeting of the Melkite Synod, twenty-four of the twenty-six attending bishops present subscribed to the so-called \"Zoghby Initiative\". The document was then presented to the Melkite Patriarch, Maximos V, and the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, Ignatius IV. The profession was accompanied by an endorsement by the Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Biblos and Batroun, George Khodr, stating \"I consider this profession by Kyr Elias Zoghby to fulfill the necessary and sufficient conditions to re-establish the unity of the Orthodox Churches with Rome.\" The proposal received much press, both positive and negative. Numerous ecumenists lauded the initiative, while some theologians and canonists were critical. Despite the mixed reception, the initiative helped create a new climate of dialogue on East--West reunification and communion. The proposal itself, however, was rejected outright by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch at a special Synod convened specifically to denounce the initiative.
## 1996 book
Zoghby asserted in his 1996 book *Tous Schismatiques?* (literally, \"Are We All Schismatics?\", usually translated \"We Are All Schismatics\") that the Church of Rome and the Orthodox Church share essentially the same faith. He declared that the Councils held by the West alone cannot be considered \"ecumenical\", criticized the Code of Canon Law of the Eastern Catholic Church, and said that the union which took place between some Eastern Churches and Rome was a mistake. Zoghby also asserted that the primacy of the Roman Pontiff is one of honor and charity only. Later, he said that papal \"infallibility depends on ecumenicity.\"
## Support for double communion {#support_for_double_communion}
Decrying the fissure between East and West, he said that \"to prolong the schism is to remain in sin.\" Zoghby called for the Melkite Catholic Church to adopt \"double communion\" with both Rome and the Orthodox. Melkite Archbishop Cyril Salim Boustros, who succeeded Zoghby as eparch of Baalbek, said that while issues exist between the Eastern Catholic Churches and the Holy See, that \"we could not conclude that our forefathers committed a mistake by proclaiming their union to Rome.\"
Zoghby called *Tous Schismatiques?* a \"livre-choc\" (literally, a shock-book), designed to stimulate discussion of the issue of his proposed communion. The book was dismissed by some in the Catholic Church as a very personal position with little merit; it was well received by other Catholics and Orthodox.
| 690 |
Zoghby Initiative
| 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.