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<s>[INST] context: We're all connected. You can send an e-mail message to a friend, and your friend can pass it on to one of his or her friends, and that friend can do the same, continuing the chain. Eventually, your message could reach just about anyone in the world, and it might take only five to seven e-mails for the message to get there.
Scientists recently tested that idea in a study involving 24,000 people. Participants had to try to get a message forwarded to one of 18 randomly chosen people. Each participant started by sending one e-mail to someone they knew. Recipients could then forward the e-mail once to someone they knew, and so on.
Targets, who were randomly assigned by researchers from Columbia University in New York, lived in 13 countries. They included an Australian police officer, a Norwegian veterinarian, and a college professor.
Out of 24,000 chains, only 384 reached their goal. The rest petered out, usually because one of the recipients was either too busy to forward the message or thought it was junk mail.
The links that reached their goal made it in an average of 4.05 e-mails. Based on the lengths of the failed chains, the researchers estimated that two strangers could generally make contact in five to seven e-mails.
The most successful chains relied on casual acquaintances rather than close friends. That's because your close friends know each other whereas your acquaintances tend to know people you don't know. The phenomenon, known as the strength of weak ties, explains why people tend to get jobs through people they know casually but aren't that close to.
So, start networking and instant messaging now. As they say in show business: It's all about who you know. [/INST] question: If you want to get into touch with a stranger in the world, how many e-mails might it take for the message to reach him/her? | options: A: 5 to 7 B: 18 C: 13 D: 384 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: This pt. is suffering from MEN Syndrome.
MEN (Multiple endocrine neoplasias) or MEA (Multiple endocrine adenomatosis) syndromes are characterized by the familial occurrence of multiple endocrine neoplasms.
3 types of MEN Syndrome are recognized.
a) MEN I (or Wermer's Syndrome*) consists of -
Pituitary adenoma (or hyperplasia)*
Parathyroid adenoma (or hyperplasia)*
Pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia, adenoma or carcinoma
Other less common manifestations :
foregut carcinoids
pheochromocytoma
subcutaneous or visceral lipomas
b) MEN HA ( or Sipple syndrome)
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (MCT)*
Pheochromocytoma*
Parathyroid adenoma (or hyperplasia)*
Hirschsprung disease*
Cutaneous lichen amyloidosis*
c) MEN H B
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (MCT)*
Pheochromocytoma *
Marfanoid features*
Mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal neuromas*
Thus this pt. is suffering from MEN II A or II B syndrome (Pituitary tumor in this pt. is still confusing the question, but still; answer is definitely MCT). [/INST] question: A pt. has a pituitary tumour and pheochromocytoma and a thyroid nodule. Which Ca is most likely to occur - | options: A: Follicular Ca B: Medullary Ca C: Papillary Ca D: Anaplastic Ca | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: They are most likely to be healthy, wealthy and wise, according to the old saying.
But those who are early to bed and early to rise do not always have the upper hand, researchers say. They have revealed that night owls are generally brighter and wealthier than those able to get up early in the morning.
1 Experts from the University of Madrid carried out tests on around 1,000 teenagers and found that those who preferred to stay up late demonstrated the kind of intelligence associated with honored jobs and higher incomes. 2 The researchers examined the habits and body clocks of the youngsters to determine whether they liked to stay up late and sleep in later in the morning, or preferred to go to bed early and were at their peak in the morning. 3 School performance and inductive intelligence, or problem solving, were measured and academic grades in the major subjects were also taken into account. The results showed that evening types scored higher than morning types on inductive reasoning, which has been shown to be a good estimate of general intelligence and a strong indicator of academic performance. 4 They also had a greater capacity to think conceptually as well as analytically. Such abilities have been linked to innovative thinking, more admired occupations and better incomes.
Famous night owls include President Obama, Charles Darwin, Winston Churchill, Keith Richards and Elvis Presley. George W Bush, who is regularly in bed by 10pm, Thomas Edison, Napoleon, Condoleezza Rice, who wakes at 4.30am, and Ernest Hemingway are among those known as larks . Jim Horne, professor of psychophysiology at Loughborough University, said: 'Evening types tend to be the more active and creative types, the poets, artists and inventors, while the morning types are the deducers , as often seen with civil servants and accountants.' A previous study of US Air Force recruits found evening types were much better at thinking laterally to solve problems than larks. [/INST] question: The sentence 'Larks or 'morning people', however, often acquired better exam results, possibly because lessons are held at the wrong time of day for night owls.' can be put in _ . | options: A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: To switch or not to switch, that is the question.Google's announcement of its Nexus One smartphone happened over a week ago and I'm still receiving lots of e-mails from readers asking the same question: Should they give up their iPhone for the Nexus One?
Some people with iPhones, disappointed by American Telephone&Telegraph's inadequate service and the high monthly cost, are wondering if they have really got something to replace it.Does the Nexus One offer the functions that Apple has led them to expect?
I'm on the fence myself, even though I never thought I'd be interested in anything but the iPhone.From my experience using the Nexus One, and from talking to people who have made the change, it's not necessarily about the differences between the iPhone and the Nexus One.The phones are extremely similar in design and general feel.Instead, the decision can be made based on the software services you use on your desktop.
My friend Chad Dickerson received a pre-launch Nexus One from Google three weeks ago.He said Google's phone feels connected to certain services on the Web in a way the iPhone doesn't."Compared to the iPhone, the Google phone feels like it's part of the Internet to me," he said."If you live in a Google world, you have that world in your pocket in a way that's cleaner and more connected than the iPhone."
Personally, the phones work perfectly with their own software, but both of them don't make an effort to play well with other services. [/INST] question: Why are some iPhone users expecting a new type of phone? | options: A: Because their old ones are out of date B: Because they accept Google's announcement C: Because of the limited service and high cost D: Because of the terrible software they can use | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Brave
Type: 3D cartoon Comedy Running time: 95 minutes
Merida, a princess, refused to marry a person that she dislikes. This causes trouble for her family and the whole country. Merida turns to a witch for help. In doing so, her family and the country are in danger. Merida must save her family and the country before it is too late.
The Grey
Type: Action Running time: 117 minutes
The Grey is based on the short story "Ghost Walker" written by Ian Mackenzie Jeffers. It's about a number of oil men who are in trouble in Alaska after a plane crash . They have to fight against grey wolves that threaten their lives.
Mirror Mirror
Type: Comedy Running time: 106 minutes
You must know the story of Snow White. Would you like to see this story again? Come to see Mirror Mirror. It's a comedy about Snow White. Lily Collins and Julia Roberts are the main actresses in this interesting movie.
Chimpanzee
Type: Documentary Running time: 78 minutes
This movie is directed by Alastair Fothergill and Mark Linfield. It's a 2012 nature documentary film about a young chimpanzee named Oscar. He is alone in the African forests until he is raised by another chimpanzee. The chimpanzee takes care of Oscar like his own child. [/INST] question: Which movie lasts the longest time? | options: A: Brave B: The Grey C: Chimpanzee D: Mirror Mirror | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: China's female swimmer Fu Yuanhui came third in Women's 100 meter backstroke on Monday morning (Beijing time) at Rio Olympics. China's online community has gone crazy about the 1996-born girl, not because of her performance in the semifinal or her achievement, but because of her cheerful answer to her performance during an interview by CCTV.
Finishing the 100 meter backstroke with 58.95 seconds, Fu, who thought it was 59 seconds, was quite surprised with the result. This was the first moment when she impressed Chinese audience with her surprising look and body language in front of the camera. The second time that the young swimmer amazed the audience was her honest and direct answer to a question raised by the reporter." We know that your body condition was not that good in the past year and it's not easy to have such a result. Do you think you are now as good as before?" asked the reporter." It is my best score ever. I have worked for three months on the recovery. Only the ghost knows what I have come through," said Fu, "It was so painstaking that sometimes I felt like I was going to die."
In the interview, Fu used a phrase" Hong Huang Zhi Li"to describe the great efforts she has made in preparing for the competition, which soon became a popular word on the internet. [/INST] question: Fu Yuanhui was _ years old when she came third at Rio Olympics | options: A: 18 B: 19 C: 20 D: 21 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mass density The essential physics of medical imaging By Jerrold T. Bushberg 2/e p3.56 writes? "What do CT numbers correspond to physically in the patient? CT images are produced with a highly filtered, high-kV x-ray beam, with an average energy of about 75 keV. At this energy in muscle tissue, about 91% of x-ray interactions are Comptom scatter. For .fat and hone, Compton scattering interactions are 94% and 74%, respectively. Therefore, CT numbers and CT images derive their contrast mainly .from the physical propeies of tissue that influence Compton scatter. Density (g/cubic cm) is a very impoant discriminating propey of tissue, and the linear attenuation coefficient (p) tracks linearly with density. Other than physical density, the Compton scatter cross section depends on the electron density in tissue: Electron density = NZ/A where N is Avogadro's number (a constant) Z is the atomic number, A is the atomic mass The main constituents of soft tissue are hydrogen (Z = 1, A = 1), carbon (Z = 6, A = 12), nitrogen (Z = 7, A = 14), and oxygen (Z = 8, A = 16). Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen all have the WA ratio of 0.5, so their electron densities are the same. Because the Z/A ratio .for hydrogen is 1.0, the relative abundance of hydrogen in a tissue has some influence on CT number. Hydrogenous tissue such as fat is well visualized on CT Neveheless, density (g/cubic cm) plays the dominant role in forming contrast in medical CT." "The difference in electron density of tissues depends upon physical density. Therefore, the soft tissue contrast achieved in an image is primarily determined by the relative physical densities of the structures, not by the relative differences in atomic numbers."- Neuroimaging By Robe A. Zimmerman, Wendell A. Gibby, Raymond F. Carmody P5 CT is a tomographic imaging technique that generates cross-sectional images in the axial plane. The basic concept of x-ray CT is simple. By looking at an object from multiple directions a three dimensional representation of that object can be formed. A thin beam of x-rays is passed through the body from multiple different projections. When an x-ray beam passes through the body, there is a logarithmic attenuation of its intensity over distance. A measurement of the intensity of the exiting beam is known as the linear attenuation coefficient when the attenuator thickness is 1 cm. The linear attenuation coefficient is related to the absorption of a given material both photoelectric interaction and Comptom scattering interactions. This, of course, depends upon the energy of the x-ray beam and the type of material being irradiated. CT images are maps of the relative linear attenuation coefficient of tissues. The relative attenuation coefficient is normally expressed in Hounsfield units (HU), also known as CT numbers (Named in honor of the inventor of CT, Geoffrey Hounsfield). The HU of material Xis HU = 1000 X (14-14)/1.1.,,., where x, is the attenuation coefficient of the material X, and ix,. is the attenuation coefficient of water. By definition, the HU value for water is always zero. HU value for air is -1000 ( minus 1000) HU value for coical bone is 1000 [/INST] question: CT or Hounsfield numbers depend upon: | options: A: Mass density B: Electron density C: Atomic number D: Atomic mass | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A new satellite is travelling 1.5 million kilometers over a 110-day period to enter an orbit of the sun. It is called DSCOVR--the Deep Space Climate Observatory. It will replace a satellite that has been observing space weather.
DSCOVR will begin its work during the worst of the 11-year-long solar cycle. This is a time when extreme weather on the sun can have the greatest effect on planet Earth.
DSCOVR will gather information about a continuing flow of particles from the sun. We are protected from these particles by the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere. But we are not fully protected from what scientists call Coronal Mass Ejections. These are strong storms that can happen on the sun's surface.
Thomas Berger is the director of the Space Weather Prediction Center at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA. He says these ejections are much more dangerous than solar particles. He says the Coronal Mass Ejections are extremely large magnetic clouds that are expelled from the sun at extremely high speeds. He says when they impact Earth, it is like a hurricane impacting Earth in terms of space weather.
Violent space weather can make electric systems stop working. It can block satellite signals to Earth. It can interfere with radio signals and air travel.
Mr. Berger says we cannot stop the ejections from affecting us, but we can prepare for them if we know when they will happen. When the DSCOVR satellite records an ejection, it will release a warning. Mr. Berger says the warning will provide NOAA about 15 to 60 minutes to let people know that a very strong storm is coming in to the Earth. He says that is enough time for power grid operators to take protective action. He says it is also enough time for workers to place satellites on a safe operating method if necessary.
Mr. Berger says scientists would like even more time, of course. He says researchers are developing instruments that will give an earlier warning.
The warnings from DSCOVR will be for the whole planet. But Mr. Berger says a new system may be able to give more-targeted warnings. He says future models will be able to tell exactly what part of the world will be more at risk from a solar storm.
That means that, for the first time, humans will get both a warning that a magnetic storm is heading towards Earth and information about where it is likely to hit. [/INST] question: The new satellite is used to _ ? | options: A: replace the satellite in use B: observe space weather C: study the sun D: take pictures of space | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A mother of a cheerful five-year-old just returned from a meeting of the National Organization for Women. Inspired by exciting dreams for the possibilities of womanhood, she asked her daughter what she wanted to be when she grew up. Little Lisa quickly answered, "A nurse."
There was a time when nursing was thought of as a woman's job and the answer somehow seemed not to be satisfied. She had, after all, just returned from a new meeting.
"You can be anything you want to be," she reminded her daughter. "You can be a lawyer, a doctor, a banker, president of the country -- you can be anything."
"Anything?" Lisa asked.
"Anything!" her mother smiled.
"I know," Lisa said. "I want to be a horse!"
Lisa's dream may need some improvement, but there is plenty of time for that. When do we give up dreaming about the future? When do we resign ourselves to simply replaying dreams from the past?
Maybe her dream needs to mature a bit, but would you rather have the optimism of a five-year-old girl who wants to be a horse, or the pessimism of an adult who says in despair, "I can't be anything at all"?
Teddy Roosevelt said, _ believe that is the way to make those dreams come true. It begins with looking up and dreaming of something beautiful. [/INST] question: What did the girl really want to be when she grew up? | options: A: A nurse B: A horse C: A banker D: A lawyer | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children .Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability .There is no outward sign of the disorder .So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study ,researchers examined the brain of the learning-disabled person who had died in an accident .They found two unusual things. One has something to do with cells on the left side of the brain ,which control language. These cells normally are white .In the learning-disabled person, however ,these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been .The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind thought that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems on the left side of the brain .He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally .Probably ,he said ,nerve cells there did not connect as they should .So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center inprefix = st1 /Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research proves that reading disabilities result from damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. [/INST] question: Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in_. | options: A: size and shape B: color1 and shape C: size and arrangement D: color1 and arrangement | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Michael and Dick are good friends, but they like to play jokes on each other. One holiday, they decided to go to London together. They went to the station and bought their tickets.
Michael got on the train first. He dropped his ticket on the platform when he got into the carriage. Dick, who was close behind, saw the ticket fall and quickly picked it up. He put it in his pocket, but didn't tell Michael. After they had been in the train for a while, they heard the conductor coming down the corridor, shouting, "Tickets, please!" Michael looked for his ticket and of course couldn't find it.
"Oh dear, I can't find my ticket, Dick," Michael said.
"Look for it carefully, Michael; it must be somewhere." said Dick.
"No, I can't find it anywhere. What shall I do?" said Michael.
"Perhaps you'd better hide under the seat; then the conductor won't know you are here." So Michael hid under the seat. At this time, the conductor came in. "Tickets, please," he said. Dick handed him tow tickets and said, "This is mine. The other is my friend's. But he prefers to stay under the seat." [/INST] question: Michael and Dick would spend their holiday in _ . | options: A: train B: London C: Pairs D: Rome | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Whatsonstage.com is the UK's biggest and best online guide to the performing arts including theatre, opera, classical music, dance and so on.
* The Lion King
Musical: The stage adaptation of the Disney film taken from an original African story. A young lion grows up and learns that taking over the pride requires wisdom and maturity .
Place: Lyceum Theatre, Wellington Street, London
Telephone: 0870 243 9000
Date: Friday, 18 Nov. 2015
Ticket price: PS37.5
* Oliver
Musical: Dickens' story of a boy in a London workhouse and his adventures on the way to discovering his family. The songs include Food glorious food, You've got to pick a pocket or two, Who will buy this wonderful morning, I am reviewing the situation and Consider yourself at home.
Place: Theatre Royal, Catherine Street, London
Telephone: 020 7494 5061
Date: Thursday, 17 Nov. 2015
Ticket price: PS25,but now save 20%
* Jersey Boys
Musical: It tells the story of Frankie Valli and the Four seasons: the blue-collar kids from New Jersey formed a singing group and became famous. The musical features many of the group's popular songs such as Big girls don't cry, Oh, what a night and Can't take my eyes off you.
Place: Prince Edward Theatre, Old Compton Street, London
Telephone: 0870 850 9191 ---
Date: Saturday, 19 Nov. 2015
Ticket price: PS22.5
* Alls Well That Ends Well
Play: A romantic story. Helena, daughter of a poor physician, loves Bertram, son of a Countess .
Place: Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, Park Street, London
Telephone: 020 7401 9919
Date: Sunday, 20 Nov, 2015
Ticket price: PS40.5 [/INST] question: If Mary is available on Friday, which of the following should she call to buy a ticket? | options: A: 0870 850 9191 B: 020 7494 5061 C: 0870 243 9000 D: 020 7401 9919 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Like lots of small-business owners, Lola Gonzalez had to decide to cut down her company's nine-person staff when the economic recovery began to fail last spring. Unlike other companies, she picked an unlikely employee to lay off : herself.
Her business began to have problems in 2008 after going through her books
One day, her husband, Marcos, told her she had to reduce her payroll by one person. Gonzalez said at a meeting, "I want you all to know that I have to lay somebody off and it's been a very difficult decision. And that person is me." Employees first froze in amazement and then burst into laughter until they realized she was serious. Gonzalez 's employees said they were grateful for her kindness.
Her reason was simple. Although she ran the business and her employees did the legwork , she thought she could find work more easily than her staff. Sure enough, she soon got a job as a social worker for a non-profit organization called Devereux Kids. She enjoys her social-worker job now, but the salary cut has required some lifestyle changes. She and Marcos no longer eat out daily; they no longer pay for their son's car and mobile phone, and they changed their car to a smaller one to save $300 a month.
Her business has picked up a bit recently and Marcos has begun to work part-time at Gonzalez's company. Gonzalez says she has no plan to return to work at her company until the economic situation becomes better, perhaps in a year. Her employees, however, will get Christmas bonuses this year. [/INST] question: How many workers are there in Gonzalez's company at present? | options: A: 8 B: 9 C: 10 D: 11 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Universal Health Insurance Scheme
Sponsored by Govt of India for economically weaker sections of people
This is an ideal health scheme for panchayats, NGOs engaged in rural development, various unorganized sectors, groups of self employed persons, traders, craftsman, artisans etc
The policy provides medical reimbursement, personal accident cover, and disability cover.
Benefits
1. Medical Reimbursements
The policy provides reimbursement of hospitalization expenses up to Rs.30000/- to an individual/family subject to the following sublimit
Stay: Bed including boarding expenses- up to Rs. 150/- per day; in case of ICU Rs.300/- per day
Fees of surgeon, anesthetist, consultant, specialist, nursing etc. up to Rs.4500/- per illness/injury
Anesthesia, blood, oxygen, operation theatre, x-ray, all laboratory test, dialysis, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, medicines, pacemaker, artificial limb - up to Rs.4,500/- per illness/injury
Total expenses incurred for anyone illness up to Rs. 15000/
2. Personal Accident Cover: Rs. 25000/- for earning Head of the family in case of death due to accident.
3. Disability Cover: Rs. 50/- per day of hospitalization for earning Head of the family up to 15 days but excluding first 3 days in hospital.
Age limit: 3 months to 65 years.
Family: Head, spouse, dependent children up to three and dependant parents.
Floater facility: The benefit of family will operate on floater basis. Total amount of Rs.30000/- may be spent on individual or collectively by members of the family.
Premium Subsidy For PL Families: Govt will pay Rs. 100/- for each family towards premium for families living Below Poverty Line [/INST] question: Age limit in universal health insurance scheme is – | options: A: 10 – 20 years B: 40 – 60 years C: 50 – 70 years D: 1 – 65 years | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy.After all,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy.However,they sing most of the time for a very different reason.Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory
Do you know what a "territory" is? A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims as its own.Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families 0f the same species are welcome.Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you,you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so,you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him.A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time,especially at nesting season.So he is screaming all the time,whether he can see an outsider or not This screaming is what we call a bird's song,and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.
You can see that birds have a language all their own.Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories. [/INST] question: Some scientists believe that most of the time birds' singing is actually. | options: A: an expression of happiness B: a way of greeting C: an expression of anger D: a way of warning | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Smog has affected Beijing for at least a week and the Great Hall of the People, where lawmakers will meet next week for the country's parliamentary session , is hardly visible. Much of north and central China, or one-seventh of the country, was covered in it over the weekend.
Responses have included reduced industrial activities, a ban on fireworks and barbecues, raised pollution alerts and reduced vehicles travelling on the roads. Citizens are advised to stay indoors while schools have either stopped classes or suspended outdoor activities.
And Chinese officials, after a long period of prioritizing economic development over environmental protection, are now likely to see their future career shaped by how effectively they handle the serious pollution.
"Even as a foreigner, I know the pollution has a lot to do with too much focus on economic indicators in evaluating Chinese officials," said Florian Kessler, an executive director with German law firm WZR Consulting. The German executive speaks fluent Chinese, loves Beijing food and is a big fan of Beijing Guo'an Football Club, but after staying in the city for eight years, he now wants to leave. "Since I smoke, I'm okay with the pollution, but I can't let my kid breathe in the polluted air. That's why I'm leaving," Kessler explained.
He also said that German companies operating in Beijing, such as BMW, Benz and Volkswagen, have all had a hard time finding staff willing to work here.
China has repeated in the past that we would not follow the old path of industrialized nations to develop first and deal with pollution afterward. But the smog is an awkward reminder that our country is already on that path. Whether we can change route depends on the choice Chinese officials make between environment and growth in the years ahead. [/INST] question: These are the reasons for smog except _ . | options: A: industrial activities B: fireworks C: outdoor activities D: vehicles | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Once, there was a beautiful girl who didn't like herself, because she was blind, she couldn't see anything.
In fact, the girl loved nobody except her boyfriend, for he was always ready to help her. She used to tell her boyfriend, "If I could see the world, I would marry you."
One day, someone donated a pair of eyes to the girl. When the
came off,she was able to see
everything, including her boyfriend for the first time. He asked her, "Now that you can see the world, will you
marry me?" The girl looked at her boyfriend and was greatly surprised to see that he was blind, too. She had never expected that, and she would not like to be with a blind husband for the rest of her life, so she refused to marry him.
Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later wrote a note to her, saying, "My dear, take good care of your eyes. Before they are yours, they were mine."
So, this is how the human brain often works when our situation changes. Only a very few remember what life was like before. And we often ask for more than we need. Life is a gift. Today, before you complain about the taste of your food,think of those who have nothing to eat. Before you complain about life,think of some ones who went to heaven too early. Before you complain about your old house, think of the people who are living in the streets. And when you are tired and complain about your job, think of those who have no jobs.
In a word, enjoy the things you have and don't forget your past.
,. [/INST] question: The girl liked _ before she was able to see. | options: A: herself B: nobody C: her boyfriend D: everybody | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Fimbriectomy /Kroener method Excision of fimbriae has been abandoned since there is almost no no potential for reversibility if required. Not usually performed now. Madlener procedure, which involves Only Crushing of the fallopian tube has an inherent failure chance since the tube is not resected, similarly is abandoned as a ligation procedure. Techniques of tubal ligation Pomeroy: middle poion of tube is formed into a loop, ligated with single ligature, loop is cut and excised (Failure rate: 0.4%) Modified pomeroy: excision of mid poion of tube after ligation with two separate sutures (Failure rate: 0.4%) Madlener: loop is crushed and ligated (Failure rate: 7%, abandoned technique) Irving: midpoion is ligated, intervening pa excised, proximal end buried in myometrium and distal pa buried in broad ligament. Mostly irreversible. Uchida: tubal serosa is stripped off muscle layer, mid poion of muscle layer excised, proximal end buried in broad ligament. Minimal excision of tube preserves chances for reversal surgery. Kroners Fimbriectomy: excision of fimbria, irreversible [/INST] question: Fimbriectomy procedure done for the purpose of female sterilization is known as:- | options: A: Uchida method B: Irving method C: Madlener technique D: Kroener method | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.
Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite , which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide.
The study involved more than 45,000 women in Denmark. About a third of the world's population is infected with the parasite, which hides in cells in the brain and muscles, often without producing symptoms.
The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis , has been linked to mental illness, such as schizophrenia , and changes in behavior.
The study's senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States, said, "We can't say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."
Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University of Maryland, said, "T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people don't realize they're infected.
"Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology . Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million people commit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide."
Dr. Postolache's research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.
The T. gondii parasite thrives in the intestines of cats, and it is spread through their waste. All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats' litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercooked or raw meat.
Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.
Babies don't produce antibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places.
The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies.
Dr Postolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior.
The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry. [/INST] question: The objects of the research are women from _ . | options: A: Demark B: the USA C: Germany D: Sweden | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The first part of a new science-fiction series was shown on NBC last night. Star Trek is about a spacecraft which travels faster than the speed of light. The show is developed from three ideas about the 22ndcentury. First, we'll find other life forms great tools which will make amazing things possible.
Let's think about these predictions. If we find life forms on other planets, will they be intelligent? I hope so. But we human beings might not be friendly - I don't think we'll believe in the idea of peace one hundred years from now. But this is science fiction, so we can be _ ! And Star Trek's idea of life in the future is 'communicators'. And we will be ablt to have conversatins with people who are on because you'll have an electronic notebook. And if you get ill, the doctor won't have to examine you - a machine will 'read' your body. The strangest manchine includes a 'teleport' which will take people to a different placein a second!
The ideas are interesting, and in my opinion there's only one problem with star trek: the acting. The TV company will have to get better actors. If they do that, the show might be a success. If the acting doesn't improve, Star Trek won't last for more than one series. Of course, my prediction may be wrong. I can't see into the future! [/INST] question: What is Star Trek? | options: A: A TV play B: A popular song C: A spacecraft D: An alien | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: This is confusing one because of the following statements of Park.
"The most important part of the filter is the sand bed" - Park
"The vital layer is the heart of the slow sand filter" - Park
Following statement may help in choosing the answer : -
"Vital layer is the layer that provides the effective purification in potable water treatment, the underlying sand layer providing the support medium for this biological treatment layer" - Water & Health 3rd/e 733.
Read the mechanism of action of slow sand filter and there will be no confusion.
Mechanism of action of slow sand filter
Slow sand filter work through the, formation of a gelatinous layer called vital layer or hypogeal layer or Schmutzdecke in the top few cm of sand layer.
This layer is formed in the first 10-20 days of operation.
The formation of vital layer is known as "Ripening of the filter".
This vital layer consists of bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, and a range of aquatic insect larvae.
As waste passes through vital layer, particles of foreign matter are trapped in the mucilaginous matrix and dissolved organic material is absorbed and metabolized by bacterial, fungi and protozoa → Vital layer has mechanical (physical) as well as biological action.
So, the vital layer acts as the heart of slow sand filter. [/INST] question: Most important layer of a slow sand filter is - | options: A: Vital layer B: Sand bed C: Filter system D: Raw water | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Slang is a popular, less official and often very current form of language. It is an important part of a living language and is constantly changing as language changes. Slang is often playful, direct and sometimes less respectful than the more official and traditional version of language. So now I'm going to lay it on you! To "lay it on" is American slang for "to tell" or "to explain."
Slang can take many forms. For example, slang can be local to one city or area. In Washington, D.C. there is a whole set of slang to describe politics and business in the city. For example, the term POTUS stands for President of the United States. POTUS can often be found with his wife, FLOTUS, the first lady of the United States. "Inside the Beltway" is a popular expression that describes the area of Washington, D.C. The beltway is the large highway that circles the city.
The Internet has helped create a whole new kind of computer-related slang. An "angry fruit salad" is an expression that describes a website with too many bright colors. "Netiquette" is slang for correct behavior when using the Internet.
Young people often develop the latest slang. For example, to say Special English "rocks" or is "phat" means Special English is really great. A "kegger" is a party where beer is served. If something is "wack", it is wild and crazy.
Different professions often have their own slang as well. For example, medical workers might refer to a complaining patient as a "gomer". A "tough stick" is someone whose veins are difficult to find when he or she needs to have blood taken.
No matter how well you speak English, there are always new and interesting slang words to discover. There are entire dictionaries for describing slang. Many experts do not even agree on what is and what is not slang. Often slang words later become a part of officially accepted language. Official or not, slang is an energetic and exciting part of the American language that continues to change. [/INST] question: Which of the following is NOT true for slang compared with the official language? | options: A: Playful B: Direct C: Less respectful D: More official | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Some people like to get up early, but some do not. In fact, it is really good for us to get up early every day. Maybe those who don't like getting up early will not believe this, but it is true. Scientists made a survey in about one thousand people, and then they found that early rising people had less disease than late rising people, and early rising people also look healthier than late rising people, and so on.
So we may know early rising is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us healthy. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, it is useful to do morning exercises.
Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. In the morning we learn more quickly and find it easier to understand what we learn.
Thirdly, early rising can give us a plan of our work for the day. We cannot work well without a good plan.
Fourthly; early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our hands and faces and eat our breakfast.
Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of early rising. They have to make an effort to do so. As the English proverb says, "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. " [/INST] question: Early rising people are _ than late rising people. | options: A: fatter B: thinner C: healthier D: Cleverer | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Biotin, vitamin B7, or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin. The vitamin plays a role in the transferring of carbon dioxide in the metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein by functioning as an enzyme cofactor. It is involved in multiple biochemical reactions including niacin metabolism, amino acid degradation, and the formation of purine, which is an integral pa of nucleic acids. It interacts with histone by the action of biotinyl-transferase. Sometimes the vitamin is used in weight reduction programs. It may be prescribed as a supplement for diabetic patients due to its role in carbohydrate metabolism. Biotin is commonly found in vitamin B complex and many food sources, such as milk, yeast, egg yolk, cereal, and mushrooms. The reference daily intake for vitamin B7 is 300 micrograms. Deficiency in the vitamin may result in seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia, myalgia, hyperesthesia, and conjunctivitis. Disorders of biotin metabolism can be acquired or congenital. Biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency are the two better-known forms of disorders. The lack of biotin-dependent pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase can lead to the life-threatening disorder of multiple carboxylase deficiency. Treatment involves a daily dose of approximately 10 mg biotin/day. Irreversible mental or neurological abnormalities may result from delayed clinical intervention. [/INST] question: Carboxylases require | options: A: Vitamin B1 B: Vitamin B2 C: Vitamin B12 D: Vitamin B7 | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: When people imagine a classroom, they usually think of older people teaching younger ones. But when it comes to learning about high-technology devices, the opposite can often be true. A training program called the 50 Plus Center in the eastern American city of Columbia, Maryland offers free technology classes to adults over 50.
The training program also offers many other kinds of lectures from Qigong and Tai Chi to yoga and Latin jam dance. There are a lot of exercise programs including playing cards and physical exercises where many people just relax and spend some time together.
Myra Stafford is 73 years old. She signed up for the class to learn how to use her iPad. She is learning quickly with the help of the young and she enjoys learning from them. She says she is more confident today than she was before. Working with young people makes her feel wonderful because they don't make her feel that she is old or dumb.
Eleven-year-old Zhion Perekins is a teacher of the technology class. He says some of the older adults know nothing about high-technology devices and they are very anxious, so patience is very important when working with them.
He gains more than just social skills from teaching older residents. He has learned a lot on how to communicate with people. He used to be a shy person, but now he has become outgoing.
There is a huge growing population over 60. The training program offers an opportunity for the old people to buy products online using high-technology devices. As senior citizens get more excited about what they want to buy, it is likely that they will go into the market and buy it, so that could lead to an increase in economy. [/INST] question: Who usually act as the teachers in the 50 Plus Center? | options: A: The young B: Adults over 50 C: The older people D: High-technology devices | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Villa Nicoletta, Genuine Relaxation
Somewhere in the world, there's a place where stress isn't allowed and peace and genuine relaxation are the only demands of the day. If you could go there, you would thoroughly enjoy yourself. There are not too many places in the world like this, but this is one of them. It's luxurious. It's ultra-private.
Welcome to Villa Nicoletta
Villa Nicoletta is a 4-bedroom luxury villa and an oasis of rest and rejuvenation in a land of unspoiled peace. Located on a 70-foot cliff overlooking the north shore of the island of St. Thomas and the pretty waters of Caret Bay, Villa Nicoletta offers the finest accommodations in the Caribbean for those seeking a vacation of elegance, peace and privacy. You'll see how the sun blankets the landscape and water in shimmering brilliance by day and how the sky twinkles like billions of bright diamonds at night.
Completed in 2000, the 3,300-square-foot Villa Nicoletta is fully equipped with state-of-the-art electronics.
When you book Villa Nicoletta, you shall book the entire villa.
Off Season: April 16 to December 14
4 bedrooms -- $5,700/week (8 people max)
Sleep sofa can add additional 2 people $200/night
Peak Season: December 15 to April 15
4 bedrooms -- $6,300/week (8 people max)
Sleep sofa can add additional 2 people $200/night [/INST] question: The villa can be rented to a maximum of _ people at a time. | options: A: five B: eight C: thirteen D: ten | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: TETRACYCLINES: These are a class of antibiotics having a nucleus of four cyclic rings. Tetracyclines are the first choice drugs. despite development of resistance by many organisms in: a)venereal diseases chlamydial non specific urethritis/endocervicitis: 7 day doxycycline treatment is as effective as azithromycin single dose. * Lymphogranuloma venereum: resolves in 2-3 weeks * Granuloma inguinale:Due to Calymm granulomatis: a tetracycline administered for 3 weeks is the most effective treatment. b) Atypical pneumonia: due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae: duration of illness is reduced by tetracycline therapy. Psittacosis is treated in 2 weeks by tetracyclines. &; c) cholera: Tetracyclines have adjuvant value by reducing stool volume and limiting the duration of diarrhoea. d)brucellosis: Tetracyclines are highly efficacious; cause rapid symptomatic relief; therapy of choice is doxycycline 200 mg/ day + rifampin 600 mg/ day for 6 weeks. Gentamicin may be combined with doxycycline in acute cases. e)plague: Tetracyclines are highly effective in both bubonic and pneumonic plague. They are preferred for blind/ mass treatment of suspected cases during an epidemic, though streptomycin often acts faster. (j) Relapsing fever* due to Borrelia recurrentis responds adequately. (g) Rickettsial infections: typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever, Q fever, etc. respond dramatically. Chloramphenicol is an alternative. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:714,715 [/INST] question: Drug of choice for plague is: | options: A: Erythromycin B: Tetracyclines C: Ampicillin D: Cotrimoxazole | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The average British 22 year-old has more than 1,000 online friends on sites like Facebook, compared to those in their fifties who have fewer than 20, according to a new study.
The "Facebookgeneration gap" has been highlighted in a new piece of research which shows that the average 22 year-old claims to have 1,000 or more friends on sites like Facebook.
People in their twenties have more than 50 times as many digital friends as those who are over 50 years old, despite the popularity of sites like Facebook with the older generations, says a study conducted by consumer research group Intersperience.
The news comes during the same week Facebook's second-in command, Sheryl Sandberg, is visiting the UK to deliver a speech at the London School of Economics.
Facebook's chief operating officer is going to speak about how the social web has transformed people's friendships and relationships.
The survey found that there was a clear link between people's age and the number of online friends they have.The researchers found that those aged 13 to 16, have an average of 450 friends on social networks, with girls having slightly more friends that boys.People in their thirties tend to have between 100 and 200 friends, while those in their forties have between 50 and 100.
However, those using sites such as Facebook over the age of 50, tended to have 20 or less friends.The oldest person surveyed was 70 years old.
Paul Hudson, Intersperience's chief executive, said: "Our research underlines fundamental changes taking place in British society as a result of finally entering the digital age.Half of the UK population are on Facebook now.In a social media context, a 'friend' means something different to a 20 year old than to a 50 year old."
He added: "Social networking activity is just one example of how different groups are adapting to the digital age at different paces.In this case, age is the determining factor - however in other instances it is not." [/INST] question: Which is the determining factor in social networking activity? | options: A: Gender B: Age C: Relationship D: Pace | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: As global warming continues to be a major concern for the future of our planet,people are starting to turn to green living practices to help save it for future generations.Green living involves every aspect of our daily life from driving to work to mowing our lawns.
Making the switch to green living all at once might scare most people away from carrying out those earth-friendly changes.There are many ways to ease into this practice and still help save the earth's environment.
Air pollution is a major problem for some cities.A lot of it comes from the factories, but that's not the only way contributing to global warming.Automobiles give off a fair amount of pollutant into the air.When you have a lot of cars driving around on the city streets, you're multiplying the amounts of pollutant being emitted by each car that's destroying our ozone .If you want to save the environment,you can start by either car pooling,walking more instead of driving or even purchasing hybrid models that don't do as much damage.
Then let's take a look at your home.What kinds of bulbs are you using? The standard bulbs we use only contribute to higher electricity bills and more carbon dioxide.If you switch at least some of your standard bulbs with the compact fluorescent bulbs,you can save the environment while saving on your electric bill.
Recycling is also an excellent way to save our environment.Try to buy as many products as you can that can be recycled.The less trash that has to be burned or buried into our soil,the better off our planet will be.
These small changes may seem that they couldn't help much for the environment,but they can help tremendously.Every little bit we do is a much-needed step toward reserving natural resources for our future generations. [/INST] question: Most people will be frightened if_. | options: A: they are asked to do something to save the environment B: they can't drive to work any more C: they are required to turn to green living completely at once D: they are made to pay for the pollution they cause | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Billie Holiday was one of the greatest jazz singers in America. Her life was just a mixture of success and tragedy. Her singing expressed her experiences and feelings.
Billie Holiday was born Eleanora Fagan in 1915 in Baltimore, Maryland. Her parents were Sadie Fagan and Clarence Holiday. They were young when their daughter was born. Their marriage failed because Clarence Holiday was often out. He traveled as a musician with some of the earliest jazz bands and inspired his daughter.
Sadie Fagan cleaned people's houses to make a living. But she could not support her family with the money she earned. So she moved to New York City where the pay was higher. She left her daughter in Baltimore with one of her distant relatives.
The young girl Eleanora Fagan changed her name to Billie, because she liked a movie star, Billie Dove. The talented Billie Holiday loved singing. She sang and listened to music whenever she could. In one place near her home there was a machine that played records. The building was a theater where many famous singers also performed their newly-made songs for free.
Billie cleaned floors and did other jobs for the theater so that she could listen to the records. It was there that young Billie first heard the records of some famous black American blues artists of the 1920s. she heard Bessie Smith sing the blues. And she heard Louis Armstrong play the horn. Both musicians had a great influence on her.
Billie Holiday once said, "I do not think I'm singing. I feel like I am playing a horn. _ I hate straight singing. I have to change a tune to my own way of doing it. That is all I know." [/INST] question: Billie Holiday's parents divorced because _ . | options: A: Sadie Fagan wanted to move to New York City B: the family couldn't support itself C: Clarence Holiday spent too much time in working D: Clerence Holiday was a strange person | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Treatment of Hirsutism
Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives
Antiandrogens
Mechanism of action
Androgen production in hirsuite women usually is an LH-dependent process
Estrogen-progestin contraceptives suppress pituitary LH secretion and thus suppress ovarian androgen production
The high level of estrogen in oral contraceptives stimulates hepatic SHBG production, which decreases the amount of free/active androgen
Directly or indirectly, estrogen-progestin contraceptives decrease adrenal DHEA-S secretion
Contraceptive progestins inhibit 5 alfa-reductase activity in the skin, which decreases the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the major nuclear androgen in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Treatment with estrogen-progestin contraceptives induces regular, predictable menses and attenuates endometrial growth, thereby eliminating the risk for developing endometrial hyperplasia and neoplasia Current oral contraceptives contain ethinyl estradiol, in doses ranging from 20 mcg to 50 mcg daily, and one of a variety of progestins All low-dose oral contraceptives (containing 20–35 µg ethinyl estradiol) have similar effectiveness in the treatment of acne and hirsutism Cyproterone is a derivative of 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), has potent progestational activity that inhibits gonadotropin secretion and also acts as competitive androgen receptor antagonist which inhibits enzymes involved in androgen synthesis
“Dianette” or “Diane 35” contains 2 mg cyproterone acetate and 35 mg ethinyl estradiol
Antiandrogens are an effective treatment for hirsutism but are best used in combination with oral contraceptives or another means of highly effective contraception, because they adversely affect sexual development in a male fetus if the patient conceives during treatment [/INST] question: Women with PCOD and Hirsutism, Management is | options: A: Ethinyl estradiol + Cyproterone Acetate B: Ethinyl estradiol C: Levonorgestrel D: Ethinyl estradiol + Levonorgestrel | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Factors Affecting Algor Mois : i. Environmental temperature (major factor): Rate of fall of body temperature is directly propoional to the difference between the temperature of the dead body and the environmental temperature. ii. Air movement: Air movement over the surface of the dead body causes a quick fall of temperature due to increased evaporation of body fluids. iii. Humidity: Cooling is more rapid in a humid rather than in a dry atmosphere, since moist air is better conductor of heat. iv. Media of disposal: Cooling is earliest in water, and late in buried bodies. The ratio of the rates of fall of temperature in the three media, water:air: soil = 4:2:1. The rate is thus maximum in water, moderate in air and minimum in a buried body. v. Built of cadaver: Obese bodies cool slowly, and lean bodies rapidly, since fat is a bad conductor of heat. vi. Age and sex: Rate of loss of heat is more in children and the elderly, compared to adults because the surface area of the body is more in relation to the body volume. Females retain body heat for a comparatively longer period because of their subcutaneous fatty tissue. vii. Clothing or coverings of the body: A well-covered body retains heat for a longer period as compared to a naked or thinly clothed body, as clothes are bad conductors of heat. [/INST] question: The major factor that influence the onset and duration of algor mois is | options: A: Muscle built of the person B: Environmental temperature C: Poisoning D: Age | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: -DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRESSES
The fabrication of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic prostheses usually involves sintering the ceramic at high temperature or hot-pressing a veneering ceramic onto the metal or core ceramic. The process of cooling to room temperature offers the opportunity to take advantage of mismatches in coefficients of thermal contraction of adjacent materials in the ceramic structure.
-MINIMIZING THE NUMBER OF FIRING CYCLES
The purpose of porcelain firing procedures is to densely sinter the particles of powder together and produce a relatively smooth, glassy layer (glaze) on the surface. In some cases a stain layer is applied for shade adjustment or for characterization, such as stain lines or fine cracks.
-ION EXCHANGE
The technique of ion exchange is an effective method of introducing residual compressive stresses into the surface of a ceramic.
-THERMAL TEMPERING
Perhaps the most common method for strengthening glasses is by thermal tempering, which creates residual surface compressive stresses by rapidly cooling the surface of the object while it is hot and in the softened (molten) state. This rapid cooling produces a skin of rigid glass surrounding a soft (molten) core. As the molten core solidifies, it tends to shrink, but the outer skin remains rigid. The pull of the solidifying molten core, as it shrinks, creates residual tensile stresses in the core and residual compressive stresses within the outer surface.
Philips’ Dental Material, pg- 440, 441 [/INST] question: A 60 year old male patient complains of food lodgment in upper right back teeth region. Patient gives h/o RCT with 16 and extraction with 15. Ceramic crown and bridge was planned. Which of the following is not a method for strengthening this restoration? | options: A: Thermal tempering B: Maximizing the number of firing cycles C: Ion exchange D: Development of residual compressive stresses | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The biggest hamburger restaurant chain in the world is McDonald's. It started in 1955 with just one restaurant, but now has more than 20000 worldwide. There are more than 12000 McDonald's restaurants only in the US. You can find them in 100 countries on six continents. There isn't a McDonald's in Antarctica, but I don't suppose they eat hamburgers at the South Pole. When you eat at a McDonald's restaurant you are joining the 35 million people who eat and drink at McDonald's every day, and there are more than one million people who work there. McDonald's has sold 100 billion hamburgers since it opened, and it sells more than 6.8 million pounds of French Fries every day.
How do you like your hamburger restaurant? There are old McDonald's ---- part of one restaurant in England is 600 years old. There are elegant McDonald's ---- there is one on the Champs Elysees in Paris. There are cool McDonald's ---- there is one in Hollywood. There are McDonald's restaurants on ships and trains, in hospitals and zoos, in airports and in colleges.
Clearly many people like the speed, hygiene and cheapness of fast food restaurants. However, not everyone likes fast food. Some people question the nutritional value of the food; some people think the fast food causes too much waste and pollution. So the fast food business gives us _ , as well as convenient, affordable meals. [/INST] question: There are _ McDonald's restaurants outside the US now. | options: A: about 20000 B: about 8000 C: about 12000 D: about 32000 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I was late on my first day of high school. My next class, Spanish, scared me. As the second bell rang in the hallway, I ran to the door of the classroom.
At the door, a hand reached out and shook mine firmly. I looked up. A man smiled and introduced himself as Profe, which means teacher or professor in Spanish. Right away, his warm smile and welcoming words eased my fears. I enjoyed his classes a great deal because I learned more than just Spanish.
I admit I only speak a little Spanish. But I try to live out the life lessons I learned from Profe every day.
"Everyone is worth your time. "
Profe stood outside his classroom door every day before and after class. During lunch, his room was always filled with students. He would stay after school to listen to and chat with students. He taught me that every person is special.
"Don't fear the difficulties."
One time, I ran into his class crying. My friends had _ me, and I wasn't even sure why they always left me alone. Profe told me, "Linda, life gives you ashes . But learning its lessons will turn those ashes to jewels. The hard stuff will help you become a better person." I learned to look at my troubles differently because I know I'll grow in difficult times.
A year ago. I visited my old high school hoping to see Profe. But he had retired. My high school helped me contact him. Now we stay in touch through e-mail. The author William Arthur Ward wrote: "The ordinary teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher shows. The great teacher inspires. " Thank you, Profe, for inspiring me. [/INST] question: Profe was a teacher of _ . | options: A: English B: German C: French D: Spanish | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Japan's youth are losing interest in science and as a result, threatening the nation's industrial progress. According to Japan Science and Technology Agency, young Japanese are surrounded by high-tech devices , but are not interested in how they work.
Japanese businesses have succeeded partly because they've a great many engineers. A drop in interest could lead to a decline in _ numbers and quality. "In the past, the young had a big interest in science and technology," said Hirano, director of the agency's policy department.
There are two main reasons for the problem. The first is known as "black box syndrome" of modern technology.
Electronic devices depend on tiny silicon chips , which can only be made in big factories, whose workings can't be seen by the eyes. The devices, unlike machines of the past driven by gears and wheels, are simply boxes.
Young Japanese, brought up on video games and at home with computers, enjoy using modern technology, but this is a passive interest and different from the interest in how things work. "You need an active interest to get interested in science. This is declining in the young," said Hirano.
About two-thirds of Japanese in their 20s use PCs, twice the number of those in their 50s. But only 40% of those in their 20s say they are interested in news about science and technology, compared to 60% of the 50 to 60 year olds.
"Another reason for it is that life in modern Japan is too comfortable," he said. "A wealthy society reduces people's desire to modernize and develop their country. To a degree, you can't avoid this when the fruits of science and technology are fully developed." Similarly, science in Europe and the US has also suffered a lack of interest. [/INST] question: Japanese youth's interest in science is dropping probably because _ . | options: A: scientists don't make much money in Japan B: there are too many scientists in Japan already C: they're not interested in how high-tech devices work D: science is more difficult for young people to learn | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Glomerular Membrane (GBM)
The barriers through which filtration has to take place
Glomerular endothelial cell layer: (Fenestrated capillary with a gap of 70-90 nm in between endothelium cells)
Basement membrane: A gel-like acellular meshwork of glycoproteins and proteoglycans.
Visceral epithelial layer of Bowman’s capsule:
i) The visceral epithelial cell is called a podocyte.
ii) Each podocyte has many foor processes, which interdigitate to form filtration slits.
iii) The slits are approximately 25 nm wide and each is closed by an extremely thin processes called slit diaphragms which bridge the slits between the pedicels.
iv) Slit diaphragms are widened versions of the tight junctions and adhering junctions.
v) Slit diaphragm is composed of several proteins, including nephrin (NPHS1), NEPH-1, podocin (NPHS2), a-actinin 4 (ACT), and CD2-Ap.
Glomerular Membrane Permeability Depends on
Size of particle: Neutral substances which are < 4 nm are freely filtered; > 8 nm are not filtered. Between 4 nm and 8 nm, the permeability is inversely proportional to the diameter.
Charge of the particle: Since the filtration membrane are negatively charged, filtration of positively charged particles is facilitated whereas negatively charged particles are repelled.
Electron microscopy demonstrates presence of an-ionic sites (negative charge) in all three layers of GBM
Measuring GFR (mGFR): to detect early damage
Clearance of exogenous substances: Inulin, iohexol, 51 CR-EDTA, 125I-iothalamate, 99m Tc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA)
- Evaluation: Precise and accurate, but costly, time-consuming.
Clearance of endogenous blood substances
- Serum creatinine: Insufficiently sensitive for detection of chronic renal disease (CRD)
- Creatinine clearance: No longer recommended due to errors in urine collection
Exception: Patients with highly abnormal muscle mass or vegetarian diet
- Serum cystatin C: More sensitive than serum creatinine for detection of GFR reduction in the range 70-40; better than creatinine in children. [/INST] question: Used for measuring GFR | options: A: Inulin B: PAH C: Hippurate D: D2O | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work. Writing the story for the film may take many weeks. Shooting the film often takes at least six months. Actors and camera men work from very early in the morning until late at night. Each scene has to be acted and re-acted, filmed and re-filmed, until it is just fine. Sometimes the same scene has to be acted many times.
The film studio is like a large factory, and the indoor stages are very big indeed. Scenery of all kinds is made in the studio. Churches, houses, and forests are all built of wood and cardboard. Several hundred people work together to make one film. Some of these people are the actors and actresses. The director of the film, however, is the most important person in a film studio. He decides how the scenes should be filmed and how the actors should act.
Most people go to see a film because they know the film stars are in it. Sometimes the film may be very poor. It is best to choose a film made by a good director. Some famous directors make their films very real; people feel that they themselves are among the people in the films. [/INST] question: Making a film is _ . | options: A: very simple B: quite funny C: quite interesting D: not very easy | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Walt had a strong commercial sense of what would appeal to the public. Disneyland, Walt Disney World, and finally the other Disney theme parks around the world all came about because Walt Disney insisted that he could build an amusement park that was so much bigger and better than other amusement parks that it shouldn't even be called an amusement park.
In 1940 he disclosed a plan to show Disney characters in their fantasy surroundings at a park across the street from the Disney studio in Burbank.
The idea of an amusement park grew in Walt's mind as he traveled through the US and Europe and visited attractions of all kinds. Walt was sure that an amusement park would be successful in the United States if it offered a "good show" that families could enjoy together, was clean, and had friendly employees.
In 1948 he shared his concept with trusted friends, a modest amusement park with a central village including a town hall, a small park, railroad station movie theater, and small stores. Outlying areas would include a carnival area and a western village. Soon he added spaceship and submarine rides, a steamboat, and exhibit halls.
Four years later, he decided on "Disneyland" for the name and formed a company to develop the park, Disneyland, Inc.
In 1953 he got Stanford Research Institute to examine the economic future of Disneyland and to find the perfect location.
They broke ground in July, 1954, and one year later, Disneyland opened. Within 7 weeks, a million visitors had visited Disneyland, making it one of the biggest tourist attractions in the US.
Walt combined his talent and his sense of what the public would want with lots of hard work. In 1960, with a mixture of huge successes and failures, Disney had created something that was successful beyond Walt's own dreams. [/INST] question: What did Walt Disney want to show in his plan? | options: A: His commercial sense B: Disney studio C: Disney characters D: Fantasy surroundings | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Perhaps the only test score that I remember is the 55 when I was in high school.
The test was the final for a course. I remember waiting anxiously as my teacher Mr. Right passed out our papers one by one. It was a rather difficult test. I heard my classmates groaning , and I could tell by the groans that the scores weren't looking good.
Mr. Right put my paper on my desk. There in big red numbers, circled to draw attention, was my score, 55!
I lowered my head, and covered the score up quickly. A 55 is not something that you wanted your classmates to see.
"The scores were not very good, none of you passed," Mr. Right said. "The highest score in the class was a 55."
A 55. That's me!
Suddenly my sad look didn't look so bad. I had the highest score. I felt a lot better.
I walked home alone that day with the low but high score. My father knew that I had a big test that day and asked me as soon as I got home, "How did you do in your test?"
"I made a 55," I said.
A frown now stood on my father's face. I knew I had to explain immediately. "But Dad, I had the highest score in the class," I proudly stated. I thought that explanation would make a difference.
"You failed!" my father replied.
"But it's the highest!" I insisted.
"I don't care what scores others had, but you failed. What matters is what you do!" my father firmly said.
For years, my father was always that way. It didn't matter what others did, it only mattered what I did and that I did it excellently.
We often don't understand the wisdom of good parents until we ourselves stand in the parents' shoes. My father's words have carried me throughout life. [/INST] question: In class, to hide my score from my classmates, I _ . | options: A: lowered my head B: covered my score up C: walked home alone D: explained immediately | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Please Remember
Type of Lepra Reaction + Type of Hypersensitivity Reaction = 5
Type 1 Lepra Reaction is Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction ic Cell Mediated Immunity (1 +4 = 5)
Type II Lepra Reaction is Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction ie Immune Complexes (2 + 3 = 5)
Type I Lepra Reactions (Downgrading and Reversal Reactions)
Patients with borderline forms of leprosy hut not in patients with pure lepromatous disease.
It is Gell and Coombs type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Manifestations include classic signs of inflammation within previously involved macules, papules, and plaques and. on occasion, the appearance of new skin lesions, neuritis, and (less commonly j fever-—generally low-grade.
The nerve trunk most commonly involved in this process is the ulnar nerve at the elbow, which may be painful and exquisitely tender.
The most dramatic manifestation is foot dr op, which occurs when the peroneal nerve is involved.
When type 1 lepra reactions precede the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, they are termed downgrading reactions. and the case becomes histologically more lepromatous: when they occur after the initiation of therapy, they are termed reversal reactions, and the case becomes more tuberculoid.
Reversal reactions often occur in the first months or years after the initiation of therapy but may also develop several years thereafter.
Edema is the most characteristic microscopic feature of type 1 lepra lesions, whose diagnosis is primarily clinical.
Type 2 lepra reaction (Erythema nodosum leprosum )
It is an immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction
It is Gell and Coombs type III hypersensitivity reaction
In patients with polar lepromatous or borderline lepromatous leprosy and follows initiation of leprosy treatment
Crops of erythematous, palpable, tender, papular, nodular or plaque lesions distributed bilaterally symmetrically, on face and extensor aspect of extremities.
Skin biopsy - vasculitis or pannieulitis. lymphocytes with polymorphonuclear infiltrates
Elevated levels of circulating TNF-α
Fever and systemic manifestations like polyarthritis, lymphadenopathy, immune complex glomerulonephritis, epididymoorchitis and iridocyclitis.
Risk factors are Multidrug therapy for leprosy, intercurrent infections, pregnancy, trauma, surgery,physical and mental stress
Corticosteroids (prednisolone-0.5 to 1 mg/kg/ day] are the first line drugs
Clofazimine and thalidomide are second line drugs
Thalidomide is contraindicated in pregnancy as it is teratogenic.
Lucio's Phenomenon
It is an unusual reaction seen exclusively in patients from the Caribbean and Mexico.
Patients with untreated diffuse lepromatosis form of lepromatous leprosy.
Recurrent crops of large, sharply marginated. ulcerative lesions on the lower extremities.
Secondary infection and septic bacteremia can be fatal.
Histologically, the lesions are characterized by ischemic necrosis of the epidermis and superficial dermis,heavy parasitism of endothelial cells with AFB. and endothelial proliferation and thrombus formation in the larger vessels of the deeper dermis. [/INST] question: Type 2 lepra reaction is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction? | options: A: Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction B: Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction C: Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction D: Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Black is the color of power. It has the meaning of submission . It is popular in fashion because it makes people look thinner.
White is the color for brides . White is considered a summer color. White is popular in fashion because it is light and goes with everything.
Red is a hot and strong color. It can make the heart beat faster. It is also the color of love. Red clothes can make people look heavier. And red things get noticed more than things that are another color.
The color of the sky and the ocean, blue, is one of the most popular colors. It is often used in bedrooms. Blue can also be cold and make people feel sad.
Green means nature. It is the most comfortable color on the eyes and can improve vision . It is a calming color. Hospitals often use green because it can make patients relax.
Yellow is the most difficult color for the eyes to take in. Yellow is the color of sunshine. It is a warm color like red. On the one hand, it is the color of happiness and joy. On the other hand, it means fear and dishonest behavior. [/INST] question: Black is a color often used in fashion because it can make people look _ . | options: A: powerful B: relaxed C: thinner D: heavier | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A few weeks ago, while I was reading the morning paper, I turned the radio up to listen to a Saturday morning talk show and I heard an old sounding gentleman, with a golden voice. He was telling whoever he was talking with something about "a thousand marbles".
I was _ and stopped to listen to what he had to say ...
"Let me tell you something, Tom, something that has helped me keep a good perspective on my own priorities ."
He continued, "You see, I sat down one day and did a little math. The average person lives for about seventy-five years. Now then, I multiplied 75 by 52 and I came up with 3,900 which is the number of Saturdays that the average person has in their entire lifetime. Now stick with (......) me, Tom. I'm getting to the important part."
"It wasn't until I had lived through over twenty-eight hundred Saturdays that I started thinking about all this in any detail," he went on. "I got to thinking that if I lived to be seventy-five, I only had about a thousand of them left to enjoy. So I went to a toy store and bought 1,000 marbles. I took them home and put them inside a large, clear plastic container. Every Saturday since then, I have taken one marble out and thrown it away.
"I found that by watching the marbles diminish , I focused more on the really important things in life. There is nothing like watching your time here on this earth run out to help get your priorities straight.
"It was nice to meet you, Tom. I hope you spend time with your family, and I hope to meet you again."
You could have heard a pin drop on the radio when the old man signed off. I guess he gave us all a lot to think about. I had panned to work that morning. Instead, I went upstairs and woke my wife up with a kiss. "Come on, honey, I'm taking you and the kids to breakfast. And can we stop at a toy store while we're out? I need to buy some marbles." [/INST] question: The old man started practicing the theory of "a thousand marbles" _ . | options: A: in his twenties B: in his fifties C: in his seventies D: in his eighties | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Worlds of Fun
Location: Worlds of Fun is located off Highway 435 in Kansas City, Missouri.
History: Worlds of Fun was opened on May 26, 1973, at a cost of 25 million dollars. Loosely themed around the Jules Verne book, Around the World in Eighty Days, the park was founded by Hunt Midwest Company. In 1982, Hunt Midwest bought a nearby waterpark, Oceans of Fun. In 2013, Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun were combined to a one ticket admission, providing all guests with access to 235 acres of amusement and water rides.
Hours: Worlds of Fun is open from April through Halloween.
Tickets: Buy and print online. Always try to buy your tickets in advance, to save time when you get to the park.
Reservations: Worlds of Fun sells "Fast Lane" cards that save riders' time by allowing them to bypass the majority of wait for most of rides and attractions including Mamba, Prowler, and Patriot. Ride as many times as you want all day long.
Strategy : Most visitors tend to begin the day with Prowler, the hottest attraction in the park. Use that tendency to your advantage and head to the Patriot first. After that, try the Dragons. Then work your way back to the Prowler. After riding the Prowler, there is only one coaster left, Mamba. Hit it next. If the park is not very crowded, you can ride Boomerang on the way to Mamba. After riding Mamba, head back for a ride on the Wolf. By then you will have tried most of the popular rides and attractions in the shortest possible time.
News: In 2014, Worlds of Fun is adding Steel Hawk, a ride that will take guests up 301 feet in the air and spin them at a 45-degree angle for a 60-second flight. Wait to have a try! [/INST] question: When did Hunt Midwest's two parks start to share one ticket? | options: A: In 1973 B: In 1982 C: In 2013 D: In 2014 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: For a commuter rushing to catch a train, a minute can mean the difference between dinner with the family and leftovers in the microwave. What most passengers don't realize is that their minute is already there.
Every commuter train that departs from New York City -- about 900 a day -- leaves a minute later than scheduled. If the timetable says 8:14, the train will actually leave at 8:15. In other words, if you think you have only a minute to get that train -- well, relax. You have two.
The courtesy minute, in place for decades and published only in private timetables for employees, is meant as a grace period for those who need the extra time to get off the platform and onto the train.
"If everyone knows they get an extra minute, they're going to waste time doing unimportant things," explained Marjorie Anders, a spokeswoman for the Metro-North Railroad. Told of this article, Ms. Anders laughed. " _ !" she said.
Entirely hidden from the riding public, the secret minute is an odd departure from the railroad culture of down-to-the-second accuracy. The railroad industry helped invent the concept of standard time, and time zones were established in the United States in the 1880s, 35 years before they were written into law. And most commuters know their train by the precise minute it departs. The trains quickly make up the minute: at all other stops, the public timetable prevails. The phantom minute does not exist at commuter railroads in Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, or San Francisco. But in New York, the secret minute dates back decades.
"That's been done forever, from my knowledge," said Jack Swanberg, 70, an unofficial historian of Metro-North. "I was the trainmaster starting in 1970 and I'm sure it's been the case since 1870 for all I know." [/INST] question: The courtesy minute was hidden from the public to _ . | options: A: prevent the passengers' idleness B: help invent the concept of standard time C: show the railroad company's consideration D: follow the ancient tradition of New York City | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Children are children after all, and most of them speak their mind. When they are just toddlers , they are all lovely and lively. And it's so interesting to watch them speak like a grown-up. But as they grow, these same kids seem annoying and ill-mannered if they try to be a grown-up.
Conflicts go between parents and children. It's hard to tell who are right and who are wrong. A child of 7-8 always finds some reasons to have a conflict with it's parents. Whether it is about some toy, studies, a party or a company, there is always a difference between them. And it becomes worse when they answer you back. Scientists tell us that children should be treated with care. Yes, sure they should respect their elders.
We are partly responsible for this. At an early age we encourage children to behave like adults, just because we find it funny. The kids on the other hand consider this same behavior as normal and get used to it. And when it is not funny for us any more, we expect them to stop it, but by then it is already too late. Only when they reach a certain maturity will the children realize that answering back and being rude are not acceptable . Until then, most of the time their behavior is difficult to change, unless by force . And use of force is against the every good idea, as it weakens the child's confidence.
So it is one thing to bring a child into this world but quite another to make them into well mannered citizens. The best way is to be a good example ourselves, as our children are the mirrors of us adults. [/INST] question: _ are all lovely and lively. | options: A: Children B: Toddlers C: Kids D: Grown-ups | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mark Twain's works are enjoyed worldwide. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he was born on November 30th, 1835, in the village of Florida, Monroe County, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, Twain was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. Later, Twain worked as a licensed Mississippi riverboat pilot, adopting his name from the call ('Mark twain!'--meaning by the mark of two fathoms) used when sounding river shallows. After the Civil War, Clemens brought an end to the steamboat traffic and moved to Virginia City. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when he signed a humorous travel account with his new name.
In 1864, Twain went to San Francisco to work as a reporter. He traveled in France and Italy and his experience were recorded in 1869 in the Innocents Abroad, which brought him wide popularity, and made fun at both American and European prejudices and manners.
In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. Together they relocated to Harford a year later. Meanwhile, Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, including Tom Sawyer, the Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, and Huckleberry Finn.
In the 1890s, Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21st, 1910. [/INST] question: Which of the following works made Mark Twain begin to be popular? | options: A: Huckleberry Finn B: The Prince and the Pauper C: The Innocents Abroad D: Life on the Mississippi | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Halloween is the one night of the year where being scared is supposed to be good fun. However, amid all the harmless activities like trick-or-treating, sometimes genuinely frightening and disturbing things can happen. October 31 has been the date of some horrific murders and unexplained disappearances, which are far more terrifying than any ghosts, goblins, or witches. Because they happened to take place on Halloween, the following mysteries have an extra aura of creepiness to them, and they remain unsolved to this day.
1
Hyun Jong was a 21-year-old South Korean student attending Pennsylvania State University. In 2001, after leaving the Halloween party in a club, she was dropped off at her apartment by her friends at 4:00 AM. This was the last anyone ever saw of her. A search was conducted of her apartment. There was no sign of any struggle, but many of her belongings were there, indicating that she had gone inside after being dropped off. But what happened to her afterward? Although some evidence indicated her death, her body has never been found.
2
On Halloween night in 1977, the parents of 19-month-old Nima Louise Carter placed their child inside her crib. The next morning, Nima's parents were shocked to discover that she was missing. Since the windows were locked, it's theorized that someone must have been hiding in the closet and took the child out of the house while her parents were asleep. The police took it as child abduction. A month later, a group of kids were playing in an abandoned house four blocks away. When they opened up the house's refrigerator, they received a horrifying shock when the body of an infant came tumbling out. The child was identified as Nima Louise Carter, who died of suffocation .
3
Chris Jenkins was a 21-year-old student who visited a bar on Halloween night in 2002. After leaving the bar around midnight, Chris disappeared without a trace. He remained a missing person for four months until his body was discovered in the Mississippi River. Since Chris was still wearing his Halloween costume, all indications were that he died shortly after he disappeared. Since his cause of death was determined to be drowning, authorities initially believed it was an accident or suicide. His parents refused to believe _ and appealed for a more careful investigation. Finally, in 2006, the death was reclassified as a murder case.
4
Sometime during the early morning Halloween hours of 1981, a Manhattan couple named Ronald Sisman and Elizabeth Platzman were murdered in their apartment. The couple was severely beaten before being shot in the head, execution-style, and the apartment was in a complete mess. Sisman was rumored to be involved in drugs, so authorities initially believed that to be the motive for the killings. However, the case took a turn when a prisoner claimed that one of his fellow inmates had somehow predicted the crime weeks before it actually happened. The police then questioned the inmate, yet no insightful information was brought out. [/INST] question: Whose body was found inside a fridge? | options: A: Chris Jenkins B: Hyun Jong C: Nima Louise Carter D: Sisman Platzman | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Just a Quick Nap
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch? Well, that's normal. Your body naturally slows down then. What should you do about it? Don't reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap.
It's good to have a daily nap. First of all , you are more efficient after napping. You remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap may increase your self-confidence and make you more active. It may even cheer you up. But, there are some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel worse. Also, you should set an alarm clock. That way, you can fully relax during your nap. You won't have to keep looking at the clock, so you don't oversleep.
Now, the next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don't get stressed. Put your head down, close your eyes, and catch forty winks. [/INST] question: After taking a nap, you may feel more _ . | options: A: tired B: confident C: sleepy D: excited | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Immunosuppressive agents have reduced the incidence of rejection of transplanted solid organs but have increased risk of opportunistic infection. Fungal infections, while not the majority of infections in these patients, carry a high risk of mortality. Candida and Aspergillus are responsible for most of these opportunistic infections that can occur within a month or after several months. A. fumigatus (most common species) infections are primary pulmonary infections that may be a rapidly necrotizing pneumonia with a potential to disseminate. The organism is a mold in the environment and in the host. The hyphae are septate with acute angle, dichotomous, branching. Candida infections generally start as candidemia, which may reach the blood stream by catheters or translocation from the gut. C. albicans is the most frequent Candida isolate. This component of normal flora is generally in the yeast form as a commensal and when infection occurs the additional presence of hyphae and pseudo-hyphae is observed. C. glabrata, which is seen with increasing frequency, does not form hyphae. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast. Other fungi have been reported with less frequency. [/INST] question: A 53-year-old white woman with end-stage renal disease received a kidney transplant and was maintained on an immunosuppressive regimen. Three months later she had a fever (38.3degC) and was found to have acute renal failure. Renal transplant biopsy was performed. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of a biopsy section showed yeast cells and hyphae. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is infection with | options: A: Aspergillus fumigatus B: Candida albicans C: Candida glabrata D: Cryptococcus neoformans | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: You put a great deal of effort into reaching the college of your choice. It' s time to get started. But what' s next? Beginning college can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adjust to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience.
* To save time and money, use the college' s bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. You won' t have to locate or afford a place to park either. It' s also a good way to be environmentally aware.
* Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost an arm and a leg. Try buying used textbooks -- it' s a surefire way to save money and serves the purpose as well.
* Do never look at college life as an endless series of parties and social activities. But there is a whole lot more to college if you're serious about graduating. Having a good college experience is all about balancing work and fun.
* Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid foods that are processed or high in sugar. The "freshman 15"is real. Many college students gain at least 15 pounds during their freshmen year.
* While electives can be helpful when figuring out your major, you shouldn't entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. Having too much on your plate can hurt your grades. [/INST] question: Which of the following ideas can be financially wise? | options: A: Driving your own car B: Renting an apartment C: Buying used books D: Attending activities | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Paula and Rory have fives kids, three dogs, and a rabbit. When the house is very noisy, Megan, one of the children, is quietly inventing. A year ago, the 10-year-old had to design an anti-smoking poster, she came up with the idea of creating something that shows the average amount of tar a smoker collects from just four packs of cigarettes.
"I like people to play with things more than read and write," she says. So she researched her idea on the Internet, found a company in China that could make it, saved up her pocket money and got her idea made.
Paula says her daughter "think differently": Ideas jump into her mind. After she got sunburnt on holiday, Megan invented a small plastic bracelet that changes colors in the sun, telling you when to put on sunscreen . Several sunscreen companies have expressed an interest in the idea. She also came up with an idea to make a ball filled with water to stop the dog from feeling thirsty. "But we didn't do anything with it," says Paula.
Then she pulls out a picture of a special fishing rod she had designed. "There is a camera on the hook ," she explains, "and the screen is on the handle, and it shows if you've caught a fish or not."
Megan doesn't want to go to university. She keeps her pink-and -cream bedroom tidy. Paula is amazed and a bit confused by her daughter. "Everything has to be in a certain order," Paula says. "Her brothers and sisters go with the flow, but with Megan, it's 'What time will that be happening?' or 'Where am I being picked up from today?'" [/INST] question: What did Megan invent after she got sunburnt on vacation? | options: A: The anti-smoking poster B: The ball providing water for thirsty dogs C: The fishing rod telling whether you've caught a fish D: The bracelet telling when to put on sunscreen | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: As indicated in the question, insidious back pain occurring in a young male and improving with exercise suggests one of the spondyloarthropathies-ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (formerly termed Reiter syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, or enteropathic arthritis. In the absence of symptoms or findings to suggest one of the other conditions, laboratory tests that show a mild anemia, a positive HLA-B27 (present in 90% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis), an elevated sedimentation rate, and symmetrical sacroiliitis on x-ray would all be very supportive of the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. The prognosis in ankylosing spondylitis is generally good, with only 6% dying of the disease itself. While pulmonary fibrosis and restrictive lung disease can occur, they are rarely a cause of death (cervical fracture, heart block, and amyloidosis are leading causes of death as a result of ankylosing spondylitis). The MRI described in answer a would be more suggestive of spinal tuberculosis (Pott disease) or metastatic cancer. Rheumatoid factor is negative in all the spondyloarthropathies as would be the anti-CCP test, although the C-reactive protein level could be elevated in any inflammatory condition. Joint space narrowing and osteophytes are the hallmarks of osteoarthritis which would be unusual in a young man. While Crohn disease can cause an enteropathic arthritis, which may precede the GI manifestations, this diagnosis is far less likely in this case than ankylosing spondylitis. [/INST] question: A 22-year-old man develops the insidious onset of low back pain improved with exercise and worsened by rest. There is no history of diarrhea, conjunctivitis, urethritis, rash, or nail changes. On examination, the patient has loss of mobility with respect to lumbar flexion and extension. He has a kyphotic posture. Which test or group of tests would be most supportive of your suspected diagnosis? | options: A: MRI of the lumbosacral spine showing spinal compression fractures associated with bony destruction B: An elevated sedimentation rate, a mild anemia on CBC, positive HLA-B27 in blood and sclerosis of the sacroiliac joints on plain films of the back C: A positive rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP, and an elevated C-reactive protein level D: Lumbosacral x-rays showing vertebral joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation at various levels | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: "Write All About It"
Centerville High School Essay Contest
Rules
1. Students are asked to submit essays of 500 to 700 words of their own work. Any essay containing material plagiarized from another source will be disqualified.
2. Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced, with the student's name, address, and grade level on a separate sheet of paper.
3. Essays must be turned in by 4:00 p.m. on November 30. They can be brought to Mrs. Elton in Room 104 or to Mr. Markham in the school library.
Essay-Writing Tips
1. Catch your readers' interest-Your opening should immediately pull your readers into your essay. Asking a question or starting with an anecdote, quotation, or surprising statement are some good ways to do this.
2. Create a picture-Use active words that show your readers what is happening. Instead of telling your readers vaguely that "the room was disordered," paint a picture using active verbs and lively adjectives.
3. Have a purpose-Well-written essays do more than just describe an incident or express a viewpoint, they also communicate a message.
4.Check for mistakes-Read your paper over to check for mistakes. Ask another student to read your paper and make suggestions. Another pair of eyes will often spot a mistake you've overlooked.
5. Format your essay-Neatly type your essay on white paper. Choose an attractive cover for submission. The computer lab will be open after school from 3:15 to 4:45 p.m. each day this month so that students can use the computers.
Prizes
Winning essays will be published in the Centerville Times. Everyone who takes part in it will also receive a free pass to enter one school activity this year.
First Prize: $ 50 savings bond
Second Prize: Dictionary and reference book
Third Prize: Pen set and journal [/INST] question: Which of the following rules is set for the essay contest? | options: A: Students can write something exactly as it is written in other books B: Students' personal information should be listed on another piece of paper C: Essays must be brought to Mr. Markham in the computer lab on November 30 D: The students winning second prize will be awarded a dictionary and a book | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: An unpleasant habit of announcing the death of a celebrity has sprung in recent years, when in fact the subject is alive and well. The latest blatantly false was the supposed death of Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan from a heart attack.
It spread rapidly on the Chinese blogosphere and Twitter in the West, and there was even, supposedly, a message from US President Barack Obama paying homage to the martial arts hero. "Jackie Chan is a man who can talk through talent, he is a constant reminder of the strength of humanity. He will forever be in our hearts, a true inspiration who inspired many generations,"
Cruelly, it was the actor's son, Jaycee Chan, who had to prove if the news was true, by making a phone call and finding him, fortunately, "busy as hell" organizing, with other Hong Kong celebrities, a charity concert on Friday to raise money for those struck down by the earthquake in Japan. Jaycee Chan described the false news as an "insane joke", but Jackie Chan was not angry at the news. He said, " It is not the first time to hear that I was dead."
The Hong Kong-based The Sun Newspaper reported on Wednesday that a blogger with the handle "SKIPHOPZ" was the source of the false news.
, . [/INST] question: Announcing the death of a celebrity when in fact the subject is alive and well makes people feel _ | options: A: happy B: pleasant C: unpleasant D: glad | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Omphalocele "Chromosomal abnormalities have been repoed in as many as 43% fetuses with omphalocele. The most common being 13, 18, 21 and Turner's syndrome". Omphalocele Omphalocele is a midline defect of the anterior abdominal wall characterized by herniation of the abdominal visceral in to the base of the umbilical cord. Omphalocele is a defect of the umbilical ring which results from a failure of the two lateral abdominal wall folds to migrate and. fuse normally in the midline around the 3rd or 4th week of intrauterine life. The defect is characteristically located at the base of the umbilical cord and may contain abdominal and thoracic structures. The herniated visceral are included in a sac which is .formed internally by the peritoneum and externally by Whaon's jelly and the amnion. Omphalocele is associated with number of congenital anomalies Anomalies Gastroschisis Gastroschisis is a herniation of the abdominal viscera through a paraumibilical defect of the anterior abdominal wall. The defect is usually located at the right side of the cord inseion and comprises full thickness of the abdominal wall. The herniated organ is usually bowel and very rarely other structures are involved. In contrast to omphalocele - "Gastrochisis is rarely associated with other congenital anomalies". The most frequent associated anomalies are gastrointestinal in origin and are related to the same vascular embryologic problem that originates the gastrochisis. - Intestinal atresia or stenosis (7-30%) cardiac malformation seen in 8% cases. It is also associated with I.U.G.R. [/INST] question: Chromosomal anomalies more than 20% is associated with aEUR' | options: A: Gastroschisis B: Omphalocele C: Spina Bifida D: Cleft Palate | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It is a matter of common observation that although incomes keep going up over the years,people never seem to become much better off! Prices are rising continuously.The condition is termed one kind 0f inflation, the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable.People have got used in recent years to higher and higher rates of inflation.
What could be bought ten years ago for one dollar now costs well over two dollars. It seems that this rate of inflation is tending to rise rather than to fall.If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices,one might think that inflation does not matter.But it does when money is losing value,it lacks one of the qualities of a good money---stability of value.It is no longer acceptable as a store of value;and it becomes an unsuitable standard of deferred payments.Nobody wants to hold a wasting possession,so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore stimulates people spending,and prevents people from saving. [/INST] question: What does inflation mean? | options: A: People's money becomes more valuable B: The problem of employment will be solved C: It's easier for people to find better paying jobs D: Money keeps losing its value | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: beep ...beep ... There went the bell! Robbie opened his eyes. He had been sitting in the room for a whole day, and now it was time for him to do something.
Robbie looked out of the window. It was still snowing heavily and there was ice on the window. It was another cold day. Robbie was told to turn the heat on before the family got home. And he _
Then Robbie was told to do some cleaning work at once. It was an easy job for him, but a tough one for his master, Helen. He kept on working until every room was clean and tidy.
For now, he had to cook supper for the family.
The first thing Robbie did was to get the big pot in the kitchen. Then he put some water in the pot and put it on the stove. He used one of his hands to cut up a chicken and added the pieces to the water to make a good soup. Then he got some tomatoes, cabbages and carrots to make a vegetable salad.
At ten past eight he laid the table. Then he put some bread, the chicken soup and the salad on it. What a sweet smell! The moment he turned on the lights, the whole family came home.
"The soup smells great, Victor," said Helen. "You really know how to tell Robbie what to do."
Robbie is one robot that really saves the family a lot of work. [/INST] question: What is Robbie? | options: A: A cook B: A robot C: A cleaner D: A computer | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: This happened in London It was November and the weather was very wet and cold. A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold. He coughed day and night, so he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough. As he did not know much English, he took out his dictionary and looked up the word "cough". But the dictionary did not tell him how to pronounce the word. He thought it over and remembered that he had learned the word "plough". He remembered that it was pronounced[plav]. So he thought that c-o-u-g-h must be pronounced [kav].
Then he put on his coat and hat and went to a chemist's shop .When the man in the shop asked him what he wanted, the Frenchman said, "I want something for my 'COW' , please." The man in the shop looked at him. Had he heard him correctly?
"I beg your pardon, sir?" he asked.
The Frenchman repeated, "I want some medicine for my 'COW'."
"For your cow?" asked the man, "are you a farmer?"
"A farmer?" said the Frenchman in surprise, "What makes you think I'm a farmer? I come from Paris. I'm not a farmer. "
"But where is your cow?"
"It's here!" answered the Frenchman. He put his hand on his chest and began to cough. "Here it is, " he said, "I've a very bad 'cow' here."
Then the man in the shop understood what the Frenchman meant. He wanted some
medicine for his cough. [/INST] question: The Frenchman said, "I want something for my 'cow', please." Here by the word "cow" he meant _ . | options: A: cow B: cough C: medicine D: cold | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Painless hematochezia or bright red lower GI bleeding can come from many sources. While bright red lower GI bleeding tends to indicate lower GI bleeding (bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz), brisk upper GI bleeding can also be the source. The clinical manifestations of such bleeding range from negligible to hemodynamic instability, depending upon the rate of bleeding. The differential diagnosis for painless hematochezia includes AV malformations, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, esophagitis, duodenal or gastric ulcer, hemorrhoids, diveiculosis, and colonic neoplasm. Diveiculitis occurs when a colonic outpouching or diveiculum becomes inflamed. Patients tend to be elderly and present with fever, abdominal pain, and abdominal tenderness on examination. While painful, these lesions do not bleed significantly (unlike their uninflamed counterpas in diveiculosis). Infectious colitis may present as rectal bleeding, but this bleeding is typically accompanied by pain, cramping, and fever. Causative organisms may include Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni, E. coli, and Entamoeba histolytica. Ischemic colitis may have rectal bleeding, but the hallmark of ischemic colitis is severe abdominal pain out of propoion to examination findings. [/INST] question: A 60-year-old comes to the casualty complaining of bright red blood per rectum. The bleeding began abruptly several hours prior to his visit. He has lightheadedness when he stands up rapidly, but has no abdominal pain, cramping, fever, nausea, or vomiting. He has no history of previous episodes of bleeding or abdominal pain, but has a history of coronary aery disease and takes aspirin as a "blood thinner". He is afebrile, slightly hypotensive and tachycardic, but stable. On examination, he has decreased skin turgor, and dry mucous membranes. He has no abdominal tenderness. Rectal examination is positive for gross blood. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | options: A: Aeriovenous malformation B: Diveiculitis C: Infectious colitis D: Ischemic colitis | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mark Zukerberg is the founder and CEO of Facebook, an extremely popular social working website that started in the United States.
Now, millions of student users visit Facebook daily and the website is one of the top ten widely visited sites on the Internet worldwide. College and high school students use Facebook to communicate with friends and share both information and pictures for free. The company earns money through advertising.
Many other companies have been rumored to be interested in buying Facebook. Just a few years after Mark started the company, he was approached by Terry Semel, who was the CEO of Yahoo. Terry offered Mark one billion dollars($1,000,000,000) to sell Facebook to Yahoo. Mark said no, though. He stands behind his dreams at the very beginning. He knows the value of the company could fall down; however, he is in this to build something unbelievable, not be bought out by another company.
Maybe he was smart. Now Facebook is rumored to be worth billions of dollars and bigger companies like Microsoft or Google want a share of the company. Some private firms are also interested. Facebook could sell 15billion dollars if Mark decides to sell it at all. Perhaps Mark will just keep working from his California office to continue his dream of building something cool. [/INST] question: .Facebook makes money from _ . | options: A: members B: advertisements C: pictures D: students | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dunphy's sign: Any movement, including coughing, may cause pain.Rovsing's sign: Pain in the right lower quadrant during palpation of the left lower quadrant.Iliopsoas sign: "Obraztsova's sign' pain on extension of the hip which relieves on flexing the hip into the "fetal position" (due to inflammation of the peritoneum overlying the iliopsoas muscles and inflammation of the psoas muscles themselves). Theis is typical of a retrocecal appendix.Obturator sign: Pain in flexion and internal rotation of the hip (due to irritation of obturator internus). This is typical of a pelvic appendix.Blumberg sign: Deep palpation of the viscera over the suspected inflamed appendix followed by the sudden release of the pressure causes the severe pain on the site indicating positive Blumberg's sign and peritonitis.Volkovich -Kocher (Kosher)'s sign: The appearance of pain in the epigastric region or around the stomach at the beginning of disease with a subsequent shift to the right iliac region.Sitkovsky (Rosenstein)'s sign: Increased pain in the right iliac region as the patient lies on the left side.Baomier - Michelson's sign: Increased pain on palpation at the right iliac region as the patient lies on left side compared to when the patient was in the supine position.Aure - Rozanova's sign: Increase pain on palpation with a finger in right Petit triangle. Typical in the retrocecal position of the appendix. Boundaries of Petit triangle are the iliac crest, External oblique muscle, and Latissimus Dorsi muscle. [/INST] question: In case of appendicitis, if the pain is exacerbated on medial rotation of the thigh, the position of appendix is in | options: A: Pelvis B: Preileal region C: Paracaecal region D: Midinguinal region | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In the United States and several other countries , 2.5 million children play baseball in an organization called Little League . They play on teams in their hometowns . Their parents and other adults in the community coach or instruct them and serve as umpires to make sure that everyone follows the rules . Local businesses give money for the ball fields and the uniforms . Local teams compete against each other and the winners get to play teams that are more distant . Eventually , the top teams go to the Little League World Series .
One hundred years after Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown , New York , in 1839 , Little League got started in Pennsylvania . Three men started the game for neighborhood boys with a smaller playing field and fewer innings than adult baseball . Little League became popular after World War II when the game spread across the United States . By 1955 it was played throughout North America and within five years it had spread to Europe . Children's baseball really caught on in Japan and Taiwan of China and teams from those areas won the World Series seven out of eight years . After this , the organization tried banning foreign teams from the World Series , but the ban came to an end after one year .
At first , Little League was only for boys aged nine to twelve . However , in 1974 , the parents of girl baseball players brought a law suit . The courts ruled that Little League had to include both boys and girls . Later Little League added on softball and other games for teenagers up to age eighteen . Occasionally , a Little Leaguer becomes a professional player . For example , Gary Carter went from Little League to play nineteen seasons in the Major Leagues , ten of them as an All-Star player . By and large , youngsters play baseball for fun , but their parents are pround of them . [/INST] question: The mothers and fathers of Little League players _ . | options: A: travel with the children B: help run the games C: give the teams money D: play in the World Series | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbyists raise pets, build model ships, weave baskets, watch birds, hunt animals, climb mountains, raise flowers, fish, ski, skate, and swim. Hobbyists also paint pictures, attend concerts and plays, and perform on musical instruments. They collect everything from books to butterflies, and from shells to stamps.
People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, friendship, knowledge, and relaxation. Sometimes they even produce financial profit . Hobbies help people balance between work and play. Hobbies also offer interesting activities for persons who have retired. Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or well, can follow a satisfying hobby, regardless of his age, position, or income.
Hobbies can help a person's mental and physical health. Doctors have found that hobbies are valuable in helping patients _ physical or mental illness. Hobbies give bedridden or wheel-chair patients something to do, and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves. Many hospitals treat patients by having them take up interesting hobbies or pastimes.
In early times, most people were too engaged in making a living to have many hobbies. But some persons who had leisure did enjoy hobbies. The ancient Egyptians played games with balls made of wood or pottery.
People today have more time than ever before for hobbies. Machines have reduced the amount of time they must spent on their jobs. Hobbies provide variety for workers who do the same monotonous tasks all day long. More people are retiring than ever before, and at an earlier age. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their newly found leisure hours.
Sir William Osier, a famous Canadian doctor, expressed the value of hobbies by saying, "No man is really happy or safe without a hobby." [/INST] question: It seems that people who _ may spend more time enjoying their hobbies. | options: A: have little money B: have much money C: have retired from their work D: have left school | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It's something familiar to all parents of young children: you're in a busy shopping street and your child wants to pee and he just can't hold it any longer. But two parents' decision to let their child relieve himself has caused much attention in China.
By now, it seems, the whole Chinese Internet is familiar with what happened on a crowded Hong Kong shopping street. A mother holds a nappy while her two-year-old pees. A passerby took pictures which then were put online. The woman explained that they had found a public toilet but saw there was a long queue, so she had no other choice but to let their child to relieve himself on the street instead.
Why has this one child's act caused so much upset? Allowing a child under 12 to " _ in any public street" is against the law in Hong Kong and the parents will face a 2,000 Hong Kong Dollar ($250) fine . But the on-line chatter has put all the attention on the fact that this family were tourists from mainland China, rather than being locals. "For Hong Kongers, people might think from time to time that mainlanders are not so polite and often break the public rules," says Martin Yip of BBC. Charmaine Chui, who was born in Hong Kong, told BBC she feels angry to have seen mainland tourists peeing in shopping centers and restaurants. "Hong Kong is a beautiful, modern city. What do these people think of it?" she says.
In mainland China, there has also been criticism of the parents' behavior. But most of the people say they find the parents' behavior understandable as they had tried to find a toilet for their child and the mother used a paper nappy rather than simply allowing the baby to pee on the ground. [/INST] question: The child peed _ in HK. | options: A: on a crowded shopping street B: in a public toilet C: at home D: in a restaurant | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Ballet NY
Dancing can provide an outstanding cardiovascular workout, but this week the members of Ballet NY come to Pittshurgh to dance for people whose hearts need help. The performance will benefit the Artificial Heart Program of the Heart, Lung and Esophageal Surgery Institute of UPMC. Ballet NY was founded 10 years ago by former New York City Ballet principal ballerina Judith Fugate and internationally famous dancer Medhi Bahiri, and former members of top dance companies. The performance starts at 8 p.m. Wednesday at the Byham Theater, Downtown.
Admission: $35~$125.
The top price includes post-concert coffee and dessert reception with the dancers.
Details: 412-453-7777.
Classic rock, literally
Mannheim Steamroller will bring a breath of "Fresh Air" to the Benedum Center, Downtown, Monday. The band, which blends classical and rock influences with electronic and ancient instruments, is on the road in its "Fresh Air" tour. The name comes from a series of eight albums with that title. Music begins at 8 p.m.
Admission: $40, &50 or $60.
Details: 412-456-6666.
Expansive endeavors
Outdoors adventure goes beyond fun. It is a way of encountering the weakness of our existence and seeing ourselves as rather small creatures after all. The Banff Mountain Film Festival helps us see that with movies that also are just downright good. Sponsored here by Venture Outdoors, the festival will be at 7 p.m. Thursday and Friday at the Byham Theatre, Downtown, with different films each night.
Admission: $10, or $15 for both nights, in advance; $15 at the door.
Details: 412-255-0564.
In bloom
Children with spring fever can find an outlet on Saturday at the Frick Art& Historical Center, which is hosting "Green Kids--What's up?" The program brings children aged 4-8 into the garden on Frick's Point Breeze grounds, so that they can see what flowers are coming up in the early spring. The program, which runs 11-11:45 a.m., is free and includes an interactive tour and take-home activity. Meet in the Visitors' Center at the Frick, 7227 Reynolds St., Point Breeze.
Details: 412-371-0600. [/INST] question: Where can you enjoy a program free of charge? | options: A: Classical rock, literally B: Expansive endeavors C: In bloom D: Ballet NY | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Is there clear boundary between science and the liberal arts as a major for college students? The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education is not an either / or proposition , although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also stresses that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of America's educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under this circumstances, it's natural to look for what may appear to be the most "practical" way out of the problem. "Major in a subject designed to get you a job" seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as "soft" often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there is little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight - picked up from science, arts, and technology - to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States. [/INST] question: What does the latest congressional report suggest? | options: A: Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society B: The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students' spiritual life C: STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society D: The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mr and Mrs Smith had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey ( ) in the past, staying in a small inn at the foot of the hill.
One year, however, Mr Smith made a lot of money in his business, so they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they went touring around the famous city.
They flew to London and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They had expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in that small inn in New Jersey, no meals were served after seven. They were surprised when the waiter asked whether they would take dinner there that night. " Are you still serving dinner?" asked Mr Smith. " Yes, certainly, sir," answered the waiter. " We serve it until half past nine."
" What are the time of the meals then?" asked Mr Smith. " Well, sir, We serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine." answered the waiter.
" But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights of London." said Mr Smith. [/INST] question: Mr and Mrs Smith always spent their holidays in _ before they made a lot of money. | options: A: New York B: London C: New Jersey D: Washington | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I was eleven years old, waiting for my exam at Saraswati Vidyalaya, my school in Nagpur. "No. 12, please come forward." Kirti, a very fat girl from my class, stepped ahead. I heard my classmates laughing and so I tried to stop them with my eyes. But my good intentions were mistaken. The next morning, my teacher, Mrs. Kamble, told me, "Ashwini, I've received a complaint about you." I was shocked. The girl I was protecting thought I'd been laughing at her.
I tried to explain but the teacher refused to hear me out. She punished me by making me stand by the door. I knew I was right. Such punishment to a class topper was simply unheard of. But, slowly, my pride disappeared. Instead of being angry, I understood the other students who have been punished at times. For the first time, I felt humbled .
Three years later, I was in the math class. Mr. Prabhuraman, wrote an equation -- one he'd taught us the day before -- on the blackboard. "Anyone who doesn't know how to solve this," he said, "please leave the class at once." I knew I could solve only the first two steps. But my pride made me stay there. Unfortunately, the one who was asked to solve it was me. I just stood there, chalk in hand, trying not to look foolish. I prepared myself for a good talking-to , but Mr. Prabhuraman told me kindly, "Go back to your seat."
Today, two decades later, those incidents have made me think. One teacher punished me for something I didn't do; the other forgave me for something I did wrong. Both experiences had an effect on me. They remind me that no matter what you accomplish , you must always be humble. [/INST] question: When the very fat girl appeared, Ashwini _ . | options: A: took no notice of her B: laughed at her C: said hello to her D: tried to stop others making fun of her | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In my procession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages. Let me tell you about Tyler.
Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing.
Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler marveled at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him that he moored so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she round quickly spot him.
This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV-infected mother. When it became apparent that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, "I might die soon. I'm not scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me." [/INST] question: What is the boy Tyler's attitude towards death? | options: A: pessimistic B: optimistic C: sorrowful D: fearful | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Focal nodular hyperplasia FNH is second most common benign tumor of the liver Usually a small (<5cm) nodular mass arising in a normal liver, involves right and left liver equally Mainly seen in young women associated with OCP's use Pathology Central fibrous scar with radiating septa in the mass Typical hepatic vascularity is not seen with Atypical biliary epithelium Central scar contains a large aery that branches out into multiple smaller aeries in a spoke wheel pattern (on angiography) Clinical features Incudental finding at laparotomy or more commonly on imaging studies in most patients Vague abdominal pain in symptomatic cases AFP levsl are normal Diagnosis Most cases of FNH can be diagnosed radiologically on CECT or MRI Homogenous mass with a central scar that rapidly enhances during the aerial phase of contrast administration Histologic confirmation and resection for definitive diagnosis if radiologic diagnosis is difficult Treatment No treatment in asymptomatic patients with typical radiologic features Resection in cases of diagnostic unceainity for histological confirmation [/INST] question: Which of the following hepatic lesions can be diagnosed with high accuracy by using nuclear imaging | options: A: HCC B: Hepatic adenoma C: FNH D: Hemangioma | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Baroness Thatcher, Britain's greatest post-war prime minister, died at the age of 87 after suffering a stroke (a disease related to blood vessels in the brain), her family announced on 8 April 2013. Her son, Sir Mark, and daughter Carol confirmed her death that morning. zxxk
Margaret Thatcher, daughter of a businessman and mayor of Grantham, was educated at the local grammar school, and at Oxford, where she got a degree in chemistry, and upon graduation she worked for four years as a research chemist. She then qualified as a lawyer in 1954.
As Miss Margaret Roberts, she stood twice in parliamentary elections for the Conservative Party , before being elected (after her marriage) to the House of Commons in 1959.
When the Conservatives returned to office in June 1970, she was appointed secretary of state for education and science. After the Conservatives lost power in 1974, she was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet , and was elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1975.
Baroness Thatcher became prime minister on 4 May 1979 and went on to earn the nickname "the Iron Lady", becoming known for her strong responses to the political and economic crisis, which Thatcher's supporters think are good for Britain, while her opposers argue that her policies destroyed British manufacturing.
Lady Thatcher governed Britain from 1979 to 1990. She will go down in history not only as Britain's first female prime minister, but as the woman who changed Britain's economy in addition to being an awesome rival on the international stage. zxxk
Lady Thatcher was the only British prime minister to leave behind a set of ideas about the role of the state which other leaders and nations try to copy and apply. [/INST] question: How old was Lady Thatcher when she became prime minister? | options: A: 64 B: 53 C: 87 D: 45 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Little Mike's grandmother died weeks ago. He missed her very much. One afternoon Mike went to the city park where his grandmother used to go. There he saw an old lady. She looked very kind. She was sitting there, watching pigeons . Little Mike went up and sat next to her. He took out his food and drinks and gave some to her. She smiled at him. Her smile was very sweet and Mike wanted to see it again. She seemed to understand him, so once again she smiled. Mike was very happy.
They sat there all the afternoon, eating and talking. As it was dark, Mike got up to leave. Before he left, he hugged the old lady and she gave him her sweetest smile.
When Mike got home, his mother was surprised by the happy look on his face. " I met an old lady in the park. Her smile was like the smile I used to see on Grandmother's face."
The old lady also returned to her home happily. She told her son she had food and drinks with a little boy. " He was as lovely as Bill." She said. Her son was surprised, because he had never been so happy since Bill, her grandson, died weeks ago. [/INST] question: Little Mike went to the park and _ . | options: A: played with pigeons B: fed pigeons C: met an old lady D: saw a friend of his grandmother's | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: What do you hear? Sounds all around you! You can hear the sound of traffic, the wind in the trees, a dog barking, your own breathing and lots of other things.
But what is sound? Sound happens when something vibrates or shakes. We can make something vibrate by hitting it. Try this experiment. Put your ruler on your desk so that part of it sticks out over the edge . Put your hand on the part of the ruler that is on the desk. Now pull the part that is sticking out over the edge down, and then let it go. The part you let go will vibrate. It will move up and down very quickly, and give out sound.
The part of the ruler sticking out over the edge of the desk produced the sound. If you make that part longer, you will hear a lower sound. When you shorten it, you will hear a higher sound. Why does this happen?
When you shorten the ruler, it will vibrate more quickly. When something vibrates more quickly it produces a higher sound. If you _ the ruler, it will vibrate more slowly. When something vibrates more slowly, it produces a lower sound. [/INST] question: We can hear a_sound if we make the part of the ruler sticking out over the edge of the desk longer. | options: A: higher B: lower C: strong D: nice | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: You can mail a letter or package under 16 oz. (unit of weight, 454g) in a mailbox, a blue box found on many street corners in U.S. cities and towns. Each mail box should have pick-up times clearly posted on top.
!Packages over 16 oz. placed in a mailbox will not be sent. Bring the package to the post office or retail mailing shop instead. The clerk will process if for you.
The Post Office
In the larger cities, when you go to the post office you must take a number and wait in line. Post offices tend to be extremely crowded around Christmas. Try to go as early in the morning as possible. Post office branches open at 9 a.m. and close at 5 p.m. while main branches close at 6 p.m.
Buying Stamps
! The cost of a first-class postage stamp to mail a letter is currently 39 cents, although rates tend to change often.
Stamps are sold individually or in booklets of 10 (US$3.90) or 20(US$7.80) or in rolls of 100(US$9.00). You can buy stamps at the following locations:
*online, if you have a computer.
Link to the U.S. Postal Service website (http://www. usps.com) and click on "stamps online".
*at your local post office
*at some ATMs (automated teller machine)
*at some supermarkets
*by mail
*retail mailing stores(you may have to pay extra for stamps and to mail packages through the U.S. Postal Service)
Postal Rates and Fees
The U.S. Postal Service's online postage calculator tells you the cost to mail a letter or package anywhere in the world. But you should know the weight of the package and the post code of the package's origin and destination. If you don't know the weight of the letter or package to be mailed, you can go to your local post office and the postal clerk will weigh it for you. [/INST] question: When do the post office main branches close? | options: A: At 9 p.m B: At 6 p.m C: At 5 p.m D: At 5:30 p.m | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: "Mom, I have cancer." These four words catapulted my son and me on a journey that lasted two years. On that day I felt a wave of paralyzing fear.
Scott was the oldest of my four children. He was 33 years old and a successful assistant principal at SamRayburn Hifht School in Pasadena, Texas. He and his wife Carolyn were busy raising four active children. Scott was 6'2'', weighed 200 pounds and had never been sick a day in his life.
A few month earlier a mole on his neck had changed color. "Dr.Warner called," Scott said that spring morning. "It's melanoma. " I tried to comfort him, naming all the people I knew who had survived skin cancer. Yet, I felt small tentacles of fear begin to wrap around my chest.
Our next stop was MDAnderson, the famous cancer hospital in Houston. Scott had surgery at the end of May and was scheduled for radiation treatments over the summer recess. "There is an 80 percent chance it won't reoccur," the doctors said. At the end of summer, all his tests came back negative and Scott was back at school in the fall. However, in December, Scott discovered a lump on his neck. It was examined and the result came back "malignant. " We now realized that Scott fell into the 20 percent category. I could feel the tentacles tightening around my chest. He entered the hospital for an aggressive treatment, a combination of interferon and interleukin.
After five months of treatment, he had radical surgery on his neck. The test results were encouraging, only three of the 33 lymph nodes removed were malignant. We were very hopeful.
For the next six months, Scott's follow-up visits went well. Then in October, X-ray revealed a spot on his lung. The spot was removed during surgery and the doctors tried to be optimistic. It was a daily battle to control the fear and panic each setback brought.
In January, he was diagnosed as having had a "disease explosion." The cancer had spread to his lungs, spine and liver and he was given three to six months to live. There were times during this period when I felt like I was having a heart attack. _
When you watch your child battle cancer, you experience a roller coaster of emotions. There are moments of hope and optimism but a bad test result or even an unusual pain can bring on dread and panic.
Scott was readmitted to the hospital for one last try with chemotherapy. He died, quite suddenly, just six weeks after his last diagnosis. I was completely destroyed. I had counted on those last few months.
The next morning I was busy notifying people and making funeral arrangements. I remember having this nagging feeling that something was physically wrong with me. It took a moment to realize that the crushing sensation in my chest was gone. The thing every parent fears the most had happened. My son was gone. Of course, the fear had been replaced by unbearable sorrow.
After you lose a child, it is so difficult to go on. The most minimal tasks, combing your hair or taking a shower, becoming monumental. For months I just sat and stared into space. That spring, the trees began to bloom; flowers began to pop up in my garden. Friendswood was coming back to life but I was dead inside.
During those last weeks, Scott and I often spoke about life and death. Fragments of those conversations kept playing over and over in my mind.
"Don't let this ruin your life, Mom."
"Make sure Dad re models his workshop."
"Please, take care of my family."
I remember wishing I could have just one more conversation with him. I knew what I would say, but what would Scott say? "I know how much you love me, Mom. So just sit on the couch and cry." No, I knew him better than that. Scott loved life and knew how precious it is. I could almost hear his voice saying, "Get up Mom, Get on with your life. It's too valuable to waste."
That was the day I began to move forward. I signed up for a cake decorating class. Soon I was making cakes for holidays and birthdays. My daughter-in-law told me about a writing class in Houston. I hadn't written in years, but since I was retired I decided it be time to start again. The local college advertised a Life Story Writing class that I joined. There I met women who had also lost their children. The Poet Laureate of Texas was scheduled to speak at our local Barnes and Noble. I attended and joined our local poetry society. I never dreamed that writing essays and poems about Scott could be so therapeutic. Several of those poems have ever been published. In addition, each group brought more and more people into my life..
I don't believe you ever recover from the loss of a child. Scott is in my heart and mind every day. However, I do believe you can survive.
Scott fought so bravery to live and he never gave up. He taught me that life is a gift that should be cherished, not wasted. It has taken years to become the person I am today. The journey has been a difficult, painful process but certainly worth the effort and I know that my son would be proud. [/INST] question: How old was Scott probably when he died? | options: A: 33 B: 35 C: 37 D: 40 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Neurofibromatosis type 1, or von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance, but variable expressivity. The disease has three major features: (1) multiple neural tumors anywhere on or in the body (2) numerous pigmented cutaneous lesions (cafe au lait spots); and (3) pigmented iris hamaomas (Lisch nodules). Electron micrographic studies show that the tumors are the result of the proliferation of fibroblasts or Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves, possibly due to ras inactivation. There is no treatment, except for surgical resection of symptomatic tumors. Ependymoma can occur wherever ependymal cells are found. They are more common in children, and most often originate in the fouh ventricle. They are the most common intramedullary glioma of the spinal cord. Huntington disease, an autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by severe degeneration of the caudate nucleus along with degenerative changes in the putamen and coex. In addition to chorea, these patients frequently suffer from athetoid movements, progressive dementia, and behavioral disorders. Marfan syndrome is due to a defect in the gene for fibrillin. The major clinical findings involve the skeleton, cardiovascular system, and the eye. Affected individuals tend to be tall with long extremities and long, tapering appendages. Mitral valve prolapse and dilatation of the aoic valve ring or aoic dissection due to cystic medial degeneration are common. [/INST] question: A 22-year-old patient,presents with multiple neural tumors, pigmented iris hamaomas, and numerous tan macules on his skin. He informs the physician that his father, as well as one uncle and his paternal grandfather, had a similar condition. This patient likely suffers from which of the following? | options: A: Ependymoma B: Huntington disease C: Marfan syndrome D: Neurofibromatosis type I | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Many people think of the brain as a mystery.They don't know much about intelligence and how it works.When they do think about what intelligence is,many people believe that a person is born smart,average,or dumb--and stays that way in the whole life.But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle--it changes and gets stronger when you use it.And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.
Everyone knows that when you lift weights,your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who can't lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.That's because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising,the muscles shrink and you get weaker.That's why people say "Use it or lose it!"
But most people don't know that when they practice and learn new things,parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells,called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network. Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things,these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn,the more your brain cells grow.Then,things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do--like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra --seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger,smarter brain.
Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals'brains.They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more _ --they were better at solving problems and learning new things. [/INST] question: Training muscles is compared to _ . | options: A: using the brain B: connecting things in your brain C: lifting weights D: doing research about the brain | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Nick Vujicic was born with no arms or legs, but the brave 32-year-old man, plays football and golf, swims, and surfs. Nick has a small foot on his left side, which helps him balance and enables him to kick. He uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick things up between his toes.
"I call it my chicken drumstick ," joked Nick, "I'd be lost without it. When I get in the water I float because 80 per cent of my body is lungs and my drumstick acts as a propeller."
When Nick was born his father was so shocked he left the hospital room to vomit. His _ mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until he was four months old.
"It was so hard for them, but right from the start they did their best to make me independent. My dad put me in the water at 18 months and gave me the courage to learn how to swim. " said Nick.
Throughout his childhood Nick dealt with the typical challenges. At the age of seven, Nick tried out some specially designed electronic arms and legs, in hope that he would be more like the other kids. During the short trial period of the electronic arms and legs, Nick realized that even with them, he was still unlike his peers at school, and they turned out to be much too heavy for Nick to operate, affecting his flexibility quite significantly.
"When I was 13 I read a newspaper article about a disabled man who had managed to achieve great things and help others," said Nick, "I realized why God had made us like this - to give hope to others. It was so inspirational to me that I decided to use my life to encourage others and decided to be thankful for what I do have, not get angry about what I don't."
"I tell people to keep on getting up when they fall and to always love themselves," he said. "If I can encourage just one person then my job in this life is done." By now, he has visited 35 different countries, touring the world as a motivational speaker. [/INST] question: What makes it possible for Nick to swim in the water? | options: A: His small size B: His small foot C: His light weight D: His big lungs | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: When a patient develops hypercalcemia, a disorder of the parathyroid glands or malignancy at a visceral location must be considered. The elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) suggests primary hyperparathyroidism. The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a parathyroid adenoma. Secondary hyperparathyroidism, most commonly resulting from renal failure, is excluded when the serum inorganic phosphate level is low because phosphate is retained with chronic renal failure. Hypervitaminosis D can cause hypercalcemia because of increased calcium absorption, but in these cases, the PTH levels are expected to be near the low end of the reference range because of feedback suppression. Serum PTH levels near the high end of the reference range indicate autonomous PTH secretion unregulated by hypercalcemia. Although medullary carcinomas of the thyroid often have positive immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin, and plasma levels are sometimes increased, there is typically no major reduction in serum calcium as a result. [/INST] question: A 40-year-old man experiences weakness and easy fatigability of 2 months' duration. Physical examination yields no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show a serum calcium of 11.5 mg/dL, inorganic phosphorus of 2.1 mg/dL, and serum parathyroid hormone of 58 pg/mL, which is near the top of the reference range. A radionuclide bone scan fails to show any areas of increased uptake. What is the most likely cause of these findings? | options: A: Chronic renal failure B: Hypervitaminosis D C: Medullary thyroid carcinoma D: Parathyroid adenoma | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Sagrada Familia ( 2,056,448 visits/year)
Opening hours: 09:00-18:00 (October-March) 09:00-20:00 (April-September).
Admission: $11, or $10 with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled access: Yes.
The temple has been under construction since 1882 and they've still got another 30 to 80 years to go before it will be finished. The project's vast scale and its special design have made it one of Barcelona's top tourist attractions for many years.
La Pedrera (1,133,220 visits/year)
Opening hours: 09:00-18:30 (November-February) 09:00-20:00 (March-October)
Admission: $9.50. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled access: No.
This building used to be called Casa Mila, but nowadays it's more commonly known as La Pedrera. It was made of bricks and had colorful tiles .
Barcelona FC Museum (1,032,763 visits/year)
Opening hours: 6th April-4th October: (Monday to Saturday) 10:00-20:00; the rest of the year: 10:00 to 18:30.
Admission: $8.50 for entry to museum and an extra $17 for a guided tour.
Disabled access: Yes.
It is now generally considered as the best football museum in the world. You can see so many trophies , pictures and statues of great football players. I'm not a football fan but I still enjoyed walking round this museum.
Miro Museum (518,869 visits/year)
Opening hours: Check website for details as they vary depending on the time of the year.
Admission: $8. Save 20% with the Barcelona Card.
Disabled access: Yes.
This museum has a wide range of Miro's works dating back as far as 1914. This artwork collection includes not only his paintings but also a good selection of sculptures. [/INST] question: Which of the following attractions is the most popular? | options: A: Sagrada Familia B: La Pedrera C: Barcelona FC Museum D: Miro Museum | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Climate is the average weather usually taken over a 30-year time period for a particular region and time period. Climate is not the same as weather, but rather, it is the average pattern of weather for a particular region. Weather describes the short-term state of the atmosphere .
The climate is changing. Many agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Recent years show increasing temperatures in various regions, and/or increasing extremities in weather patterns.
Is the Earth getting warmer? Yes! The Earth has warmed by about 1degF over the past 100 years. But why? Well, scientists are not exactly sure. The Earth could be getting warmer on its own, but many of the world's leading climate scientists think that things people do are helping to make the Earth warmer.
Global Warming may be a big problem, but can you make a difference? Yes! There are several little things you can do to make a difference. Try carpooling. This will help reduce the amount of fossil fuels going into the atmosphere. Whenever you use electricity, you help put greenhouse gases into the air. Turn off lights, the television, and the computer when you are through with them. Also, planting trees is fun and a great way to reduce greenhouse gases. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the air. Finally, don't forget about recycling. [/INST] question: Climate is_weather. | options: A: the same as B: different from C: a kind of D: part of | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California is one of the world's most beautiful bridges. It is also one of the most visited places in the world. Vehicles cross the bridge an average of 41 million times each year. More than 1,800 hundred million vehicles have used the bridge since it opened more than 70 years ago.
The bridge was painted "International Orange" because that color went well with the natural surroundings. The color also is easier to see in the heavy fog that often covers the area. But the Golden Gate Bridge was not named for its orange color. It was named for the body of water that it crosses, the Golden Gate Strait.
The Golden Gate Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San Francisco with Marin County,California.
Planning for the bridge began in the 1920s when the area around San Francisco was growing. People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides small ferries .
Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer for the project. Work began in 1934. Mr.Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge building. These included the first use of "hard hats" to protect the workers' heads and special glasses to protect their eyes.
A special safety net was suspended under the bridge. This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction. However, 11 other workers were killed when they fell from the bridge through the net. Still, this was a new safety record for the time.
The Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937. It extends 1,280 meters across the water. The total length is 2,737 meters. It was the largest suspension bridge in the world until 1964. That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City. Today, the Golden Gate Bridge is the ninth longest suspension bridge in the world. [/INST] question: The Golden Gate Bridge was named after _ . | options: A: the local climate B: the color of a paint C: the strait it crosses D: its natural surroundings | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Memphis is the largest city in the southern State of Tennessee, USA. The Mississippi River flows along the west side of the city. Memphis is the chief centre of business, industry and transportation in Tennessee. Six hundred fifty thousand people live in the city. More than one million people live in the area. Like many other American cities, Memphis has had racial problems. About forty eight percent of the city's population is African American. In 1968, city workers who collected waste went on strike. Most of the workers were black. The famous civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Junior went to Memphis to support the workers. On April 4th, King was murdered in Memphis by James Earl Ray. After Mr King's death, the city worked to improve living conditions for black people. In 1991, voters elected W*E Herenton the city's first black mayor . The same year, Memphis opened the National Civil Rights Museum. It was built next to the place where Martin Luther King was killed. Many people visit the museum to learn about the history of the American civil rights movement. Today, people from across the United States and around the world visit Memphis. Tourism has become a major industry. [/INST] question: There are about _ African Americans living in Memphis. | options: A: 312,000 B: 480,000 C: 650,000 D: 1,000,000 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of professional American football in the United States, becoming a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. The Super Bowl uses Roman numerals to identify each game, rather than the year in which it is held, with Super Bowl I being the 1966 season championship game, when the Green Bay Packers beat the Kansas City Chiefs. Super Bowl XLVI (46) was played at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, on February 5, 2012, to determine the champion of the 2011 season; the New York Giants beat the New England Patriots.
The game was created as part of a _ agreement between the NFL and its rival league, the American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that the two leagues' champion teams would play in an AFL--NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was appointed as a "conference", and the game was then played between the conference champions. Currently, the National Football Conference (NFC) leads the series with 25 wins to 21 wins for the American Football Conference (AFC).
The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered to be an existing American national holiday, is called "Super Bowl Sunday", though it is not determined by the government. It is the second--largest day for U.S. food consumption, after Thanksgiving Day. In addition, the Super Bowl has frequently been the most watched American television broadcast of the year.
Because of its high viewership, commercial airtime during the Super Bowl broadcast is the most expensive of the year. Due to the high cost of investing in advertising on the Super Bowl, companies regularly develop their most expensive advertisements for this broadcast. As a result, watching and discussing the broadcast's commercials has become a significant aspect of the event. In addition, many popular singers and musicians have performed during the event's pre-game and halftime ceremonies because of the exposure's attracting more fans. [/INST] question: What does the Super Bowl use to show each game? | options: A: The year when the game is held B: English letters C: Roman numerals D: Arabic numerals | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Papilledema is optic disc swelling ("edema of the papilla") that is caused by increased intracranial pressure and increased CSF pressure. If a lumbar puncture is performed in a patient with elevated CSF pressure and fluid is withdrawn from the lumbar cistern, the brain can become displaced caudally and the brainstem is pushed against the tentorial notch. This is a potentially fatal complication. Separation of the pars optica retinae anterior to the ora serrata, or retinal detachment, may result in vision loss or blindness. A hemorrhage from medial retinal branches may result in damage to the fovea centralis and can result in macular degeneration. Opacity of the lens (cataracts) will cause gradual yellowing and may reduce the perception of blue colors. Cataracts typically progress slowly to cause vision loss and are potentially blinding if untreated. Compression of the optic disc, resulting from increased intrabulbar pressure, will lead to an excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the tissue space. [/INST] question: A 12-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department with signs of meningitis. To determine the specific type of meningitis, it is necessary to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid with a lumbar puncture for laboratory examination. However, before performing a lumbar puncture, it must be established that the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is not elevated. What condition in the eye would indicate that cerebrospinal fluid pressure is too elevated for a lumbar puncture to be performed? | options: A: Papilledema B: Separation of the pars optica retinae anterior to the ora serrata C: The foveal centralis exhibits hemorrhage from medial retinal branches D: Obvious opacity of the lens | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It's AOL Jobs Week. We'll have many job listings, so settle in and get your resume ready. And be sure to check out the rest of our Jobs Week content: from resume writing and networking to day jobs and time management to getting a new restaurant off the ground. Lastly, don't forget to enter our sweepstakes for a chance to win a personal session with one of our career experts!
*Customer Service Workers
Median salary: US$31,547
Top cities for hiring: Houston, Texas; Chicago, Illinois; Atlanta, Georgia
We've all dealt with customer service representatives, those disembodied voices helping you over the phone with various company or purchase-related matters. Love them or hate them, the customer service field is currently blowing up in the United States--big time.
*Warehouse Workers
Median salary: US$29,357
Top cities for hiring: Houston, Texas; Chicago, Illinois; Columbus, Ohio
Without warehouse workers, everything we've ever purchased would still be sitting in a building somewhere. The rise of online shopping sites like Amazon has made warehouses a hot spot for hiring.
*Accountants
Median salary: US$63,550
Top cities for hiring: Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; New York
Death and taxes may be two reasons for the popularity of accounting jobs, which are frequently in high demand. You'll need to become a CPA (Certified Public Accountant) to get started. But while some jobs are at the mercy of the economy, the economy itself isn't going away. Neither are accountants.
*Human Resources Managers
Median salary: US$99,720
Top cities for hiring: Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; New York
Speaking of job security, workers in company's human resources department are always needed to find and assess new hires, along with countless other tasks essential to keeping a company well-peopled. CareerCast named it one of the ten best jobs of 2016, because it has high income and low stress. [/INST] question: If you are lucky you can have access to _ through the Jobs Week sweepstakes. | options: A: a good job B: a career expert C: a well-written resume D: some money | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Amaurosis fugax is sudden temporary and painless loss of vison due to transient failure of retinal circulation.
It may occur in carotid transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Amaurosis is complete loss of sight in one or both eyes, in the absence of ophthalmoscopic or other marked objective signs.
Amaurosis fugax
It refers to sudden, temporary and painless monocular visual loss occurring due to a transient failure of retinal circulation.
Common causes are :-
Carotid transient ischaemic attacks (TIA)
Embolization of retinal circulation
Papilledema
Giant cell arteritis
Raynaud's disease
Migraine
As a prodromal symptom of central retinal artery or carotid artery occlusion
Hypertensive retinopathy
Venous stasis retinopathy
Typically described by the patients as a curtain that descends from above or ascends from below to occupy the upper or lower halves of their visual fields. The attack lasts for two to five minutes and resolves in the reverse pattern of progression, leaving no residual deficit.
Uraemic amaurosis
It is sudden, bilateral, complete loss of sight occuring probably due to the effect of certain toxic materials upon the cells of the visual centre in patients suffering from acute nephritis, eclampsia of pregnancy and renal failure.It is associated with dilated pupils which generally react to light. Usually, the vision recovers in 12-48 hours. [/INST] question: Amaurosisfugax is due to - | options: A: TIA B: Tobacco C: Optic neuritis D: Papilloedema | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Sampling Methods:
Simple random sampling — applicable when the population ¡s small, homogenous.
In random sampling chances of being picked up is SAME and KNOWN. Done by lottery method or, a table of random numbers.
Multistage sampling — large country survey.
Multistage sampling — sample procedure is carried out in several stages using simple random technique.
ONLY "MULTISTAGE" method.
Examples - farmers in India may be grouped into various states, then into districts, then into talukas, further into villages within talukas and then farmers within villages.
Multiphase- sampling done in different phases- e.g.- TB survey.
SUBGROUP means ‘STRATA →. Mentioned in Stratified sampling.
Stratified sampling — used when population is heterogeneous.
The population under study is 1st divided into homogenous group/classes called strata and then the sample is drawn from each stratum at random in proportion to its size such as selecting sample from defined areas, classes, religions, ages or sexes.
NATURAL HABITAT e.g.-village/region ) used in cluster sampling.
Cluster sampling — used when units of population are natural groups or clusters such as village, schools etc.
— Both stratified and cluster is 2 stage sampling methods.
— The main difference b/w them is that ¡n cluster sampling the cluster is treated as sampling unit so analysis is done on a population of cluster while in stratified sampling the analysis is done on elements within strata.
The main objective of cluster sampling is to reduce cost by increasing sample efficiency. This contrast with stratified sampling where the main objective is to INCREASE PRECISION. [/INST] question: In random sampling the chances of being picked up are: | options: A: same and unknown B: same and known C: different and unknown D: different and known | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Causes of Dry Eye:- Aqueous Deficiency Aqueous deficiency dry eye also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Its causes include:a. Sjogren's syndrome (Primary keratoconjunctivitis sicca).b. Non-Sjogren's keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Causes can be grouped as below:1. Primary age-related hyposecretion is the most common cause.2. Lacrimal gland deficiencies as seen in congenital alacrima, infiltrations of lacrimal gland, e.g., insarcoidosis, tumours, post-radiation fibrosis of lacrimal gland and surgical removal.3. Lacrimal gland duct obstruction as seen in old trachoma, chemical burns, cicatricial pemphigoidand Stevens-Johnson syndrome.4. Reflex hyposecretion (neurogenic causes) as seen in Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome),Parkinson disease, reflex sensory block, reflex motor blade, 7th cranial nerve damage, reducedcorneal sensations after refractive surgery and corneal lens wear. Lipid Abnormality Absent meibomian Glands: ectodermal Dysplasia Blepharitis Meibomianitis Mucin Deficiency Goblet cell destruction: Chemical burns, cicatricial pemphigoid Vitamin A deficiency Drugs: practolol, Echothiophate Other causes of dry eye Lid problems Exposure keratitis Entropion Ectropion Symblepharon Large lid notches Lagophthalmos Keratinised lid margins [/INST] question: Not a cause of tear film deficiency:- | options: A: Infiltrative disease of lacrimal glands B: Post corneal transplant C: Systemic Vitamin C deficiency D: congenital absence of meibomian gland | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: From Rome and Venice to the rolling hills of Tuscany and the charm of Milan, Italy is a bottomless well of attractions. It is a motherland of artists and scientists that changed the shape of the world. Here are some places you should see on your vacations to Italy.
Valley of the Temples
Welcome to Sicily and one of its most amazing attractions. The Valley of the Temples in Agrigento is an extensive archaeological site containing the well-preserved remains of various Doric temples dating from the 5thcentury B.C. In accord with standard criteria for both Greek and Roman temples, all structures face east so that the statue of the god housed inside will be illuminated by the rising sun. The site being located on a ridge overlooking the town, the term "valley" is obviously a misnomer ,but it quite captures the vastness of the place.
Uffizi Gallery
The reputation for being one of the finest universally acclaimed museums of all time comes courtesy of masters like Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and Rubens. Their timeless works are proudly displayed on the top floor of the palace in Florence.
Historic Centre of Siena
Siena may not equal Florence in overall artistic achievement, but its charm makes it a place that no other can compare to. Centered on Piazza del Campo, the historic district is a container of 12th-century Gothic, and a mirror of the Middle Ages. Full of pearls of architecture and cultural highlights, the historic centre of Siena is an excellent trip back in time, ideally to be taken in summer.
Grand Canal
Taking the water bus along the Canal Grande is like going back through centuries of history. The famous Venetian waterway runs more than 3.5 km through all six districts of the historic center. The impressive Renaissance palaces rub shoulders with Gothic arches and marble mixes with gold. Numerous landmarks never cease to provoke admirable sighs on the way. [/INST] question: Which of the following would be better to visit in summer? | options: A: Uffizi Gallery B: Valley of the Temples C: Grand Canal D: Historic Centre of Siena | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Car Pollution
Some cars do not run the way they should. Bad smoke from a car can get into the air. This bad smoke is called pollution.
Pollution turns the air a gray color1. It is very dirty. It is not good for people to breathe this dirty air.
To keep pollution down, the states tests cars every two years. This test checks to make sure the cars do not pollute the air. If a car does not pass the test, the owner cannot drive it the next year.
Some car owners drive their cars even though they cannot pass the test. It is also very bad for the air.
People want to find a way to get these cars off the road. So a state program was started that now seems to be helping. In this program the States buys cars that cannot pass the test or will help pay for repairs. This program has been helping people buy better cars or fix their old ones. It has also been helping to cut down on pollution.
To meet the needs for the program, a car must be drivable and the owner must meet certain income restrictions . In order to get help from the program, a motorist must have a family income of no more than 185% of the national poverty guidelines . For a family of four, that would be no more than $32,653 each year.
The state program that takes polluting cars off the road has just finished its first year, and people say it has been successful.
For the past year, the state program has been buying cars that can't pass the test. Some car owners get as much as $1,000 for their old ones, while others receive as much as $500 for repairs.
The cars bought by the States through the program are put out of use and sent to dismantlers . [/INST] question: Cars get tested every two years to make sure _ . | options: A: the owners can get some money B: they can get repaired on time C: they don't pollute the air D: the government can decide to buy them or not | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This opinion holds a certain appeal because if it were true, then we could instantly become ten times more intelligent just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain!
The idea that we use only a small part of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists stimulated a specific part of the brain, the animal moved its leg or tail. If a tiny part of the brain could do something so great, what was the use of the rest of the brain? Some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless.
Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain parts of the brain had no physical effects. They named these seemingly useless parts of the brain the "silent cortex." Today we know that in humans, much of the "silent cortex" is actually devoted to complex activities like language, learning, and imagining.
Brain scans have shown that different parts of the brain become much more active as we shift our attention and focus, but even as we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity ? Interestingly enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a given task, the more the brain as a whole is able to do. [/INST] question: What did scientists discover in their experiment in the 20th century? | options: A: The majority of the brain is sleeping B: Animals' legs and tails have some connection with their brain C: Stimulation on some parts of the brain causes no physical reaction D: Certain parts of the brain are devoted to language and learning activities | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It is raining money !
Imagine this . A big bag full of money falls from the sky and lands right next to you . What would you do with the money ?
This is the question faced by British seven-year-old Damian in the film " Millions ."
Damian and his brother moved to a new place with their dad , after their mother passed away . Damian tries to make new friends , but he feels lonely .
When Damian is watching some trains one day , a bag full of money falls out of the sky and lands at Damian's feet . The bag has 265,000 pounds in it !
He can't wait to tell his brother , nine-year-old Anthony . But Anthony doesn't want to tell their dad .
Soon the money brings trouble . They have different ideas about what to do with it . Damian is kind-hearted . He wants to give money away to the poor . But Anthony wants to use it all to make more money ! As a kid , he also wants to buy a lot of fun toys !
But they have only one week to spend the money before Britain starts using euros !
They also find out where the money came from ! The terrible owner wants it back !
At the same time , their father works hard to give them a bigger house .
What will they do with the money ? Watch the film to find out . Together with the two kids , you'll learn that true wealth has nothing to do with money ! [/INST] question: Who found the bag full of money which falls from the sky ? | options: A: Two real British boys B: Two boys in a film C: The father of two boys D: A boy in a film | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Tired of visiting places of historic interest around the world? Then how about a holiday in space?
Recently, Russia has announced plans for a hotel in space. The dream of staying in space will soon come true.
The space hotel will open in2016. Experienced guides will go with tourists together. The food will be prepared on Earth and sent up on the rocket. When tourists want to eat, the food can be heated again in microwave ovens .One can have tea, water and fruit juices in the space hotel, but alcohol will not be allowed. Toilets will use flowing air instead of water to move waste, and waste water will be recycled. The hotel will be"far more comfortable"than the International Space Station(ISS,)used by astronauts. It will house seven guests in four cabins. Tourists there can enjoy the views of the Earth through huge windows. They may also meet unexpected guests such as astronauts from the ISS, if those astronauts get in trouble.
But it's not easy to get to the hotel. It will take two days to send tourists there and a five-day stay will cost you 100,000 dollars. [/INST] question: _ has made plans to build a space hotel . | options: A: America B: Russia C: China D: France | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl called Cinderella.Her mother died and Cinderella's father had a new wife, who only loved her two ugly daughters.A handsome prince wanted to find a wife and invited all the girls to a dance.The ugly sisters had beautiful clothes but Cinderella stayed at home in the kitchen.A fairy helped Cinderella and used magic to give her pretty clothes and a carriage to go to the dance, but told her to leave at midnight because the magic would end by then.The prince liked Cinderella a lot and danced with her.Then the clock started ringing 12 p.m.and Cinderella ran out of the hall, leaving one glass shoe behind.
The prince wanted the lovely girl to be his wife.He walked around town with the shoe trying to find her.The ugly sisters wanted to marry the prince and tried to put the shoe on, but their feet were like elephants'.Then the prince asked Cinderella to try.The mother and ugly sisters laughed, but they stopped when the shoe went on Cinderella's foot.The prince made Cinderella his wife, and they lived happily ever after. [/INST] question: Cinderella's mother cannot help her because she _ . | options: A: was poor B: was dead C: hates Cinderella D: was rich | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: World Expo 2010 will be held in Shanghai. It will last from May 1st to October 31st, 2010. The Expo site covers a total area of 5.28 km2. It spans both sides of the Huangpu River, with 3.93 km2in Pudong and 1.35 km2in Puxi. There are five functional zones marked A, B, C, D and E. Each of them has different functions.
Zone A will host the national pavilions of Asian countries except southeast Asian ones.
Zone B will be home to the China Pavilion and Oceania countries, Pavilions for International Organizations, Theme Pavilions , Expo Centre, and Performance Centre etc.
Zone C will host the national pavilions of European, American and African countries. A large public amusement park will be built at the entrance of this zone.
Zone D is home to Corporate Pavilions , the land is one of the original places of modern China's national industry. So some of the old industrial buildings will be kept and renovated into Expo pavilions.
Zone E will host stand-alone Corporate Pavilions, Urban Civilization Pavilion , and Urban Best Practices Area. [/INST] question: How long will World Expo 2010 last? | options: A: About four months B: About five months C: About half a year D: About a year | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There are two kinds of changeschemical change and physical change.
In a chemical change, there is always a new substance formed. Breaking up water into hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical change. In each of the chemical change at least one new substance is formed. A change is not a chemical change if it doesn't form a new substance.
Physical changes are very common, too. There are many examples. You can make a physical change by tearing a piece of paper into two, or by cutting a piece of iron with lathe . Here paper is still paper, and the iron is still iron.
Another way of making physical change is dissolving something in water. When you dissolve salt in water, the salt disappears. You may think that a new substance has been formed. But really there is no new substance. The salt is still salt. You can still taste it. So the dissolving of anything is a physical change.
When water freezes, the change is also a physical one. The water changes from liquid to solid, but it is still the same substance. That is why the freezing of anything is a physical change. [/INST] question: In a physical change _ .is formed. | options: A: a new substance B: nothing new C: a piece of paper D: a piece of iron | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Right phrenic nerve passes through inferior vena caval opening in the diaphragm which lies at the level of eighth thoracic veebrae. And left phrenic nerve passes through the muscular pa in front of the central tendon. Major apeures in the diaphragm:Vena caval opening in the T8 levelEsophageal hiatus at T10 levelAoic opening at T12 level. Thoracic duct and vena azygos pass through the opening along with the aoa.Minor apeures in the diaphragm:Superior epigastric vessels pass through gap between sternal origin and costal origin from seventh costal cailage.Musculophrenic vessels pass through the interval between slips of origin of diaphragm from the seventh and eighth ribs.Eighth to eleventh intercostal nerves and vessels pass through interval between adjacent coastal origins from subsequent ribs.Subcostal nerves and vessels pass behind the lateral arcuate ligament.Sympathetic chains pass behind medial arcuate ligaments.Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves pierces the crus of the corresponding side.Hemiazygos vein pierces the left crus.Right phrenic nerve passes through the IVC opening and left phrenic nerve through the muscular pa in front of the central tendon. [/INST] question: The right phrenic nerve passes through which of the following openings in the diaphragm? | options: A: Aoic opening B: Oesophageal opening C: Vena caval opening D: Directly pierces the diaphragm | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I was reading a recent post on a bog I really like, and it got me thinking about my younger, more impressive high school self. So I decided to write a letter to my younger self.
Dear Kate-of-senior-year-in-high-school
I'm writing this letter from the future. Hey, stop laughing! A lot has happened. Some of it was sad, but most of it has been lovely. What I really want to talk about is where you're going. You've gotten a lot of advice from adults this past year. And I'd like to help you sort it all out.
Enjoy these last few months before graduation, because high school is the best time of your life.
Enjoy them, for sure. But that thing about high school being the best part? When I look back, I can't find a better memory than my high school days.
Stop being so idealistic; you can't change the world.
Okay...it's true that you're not going to change it all at once, so sweep away what you're imagining. But you can do your part, and you will do it best in a thousand little ways through the years. They add up, so keep believing, even when it doesn't work out right away.
Words are powerful.
This was from your English teacher Mr. Smythe, who said a lot of true things, as it turns out. All that stuff about the power of language and the potential for literature to bring people together, helping us understand ourselves and the world around us, so we can make a difference? All true.
You should keep writing. You're good at it.
You are. You won't always think so. As a matter of fact, there will be a lot of days when you decide you are perhaps the world's worst writer and deserve to have your laptop thrown down from a mountain. But that's part of being a writer, and you'll get over it. You'll go a long time only writing term papers and other things for school, and then only news stories for a few years. But one day, you'll come back home to poetry and fiction. You will keep writing, because you're good at it But more than that, because it makes you whole! Yes...keep writing. It will be a wonderful experience.
Yours,
Kate [/INST] question: What does Kate think of her high school years now? | options: A: She thinks her high school years were full of regrets B: She doesn't remember what happened then at all C: She thinks they were great D: She regards her time in high school as the most painful part of her life | answer: C </s> |
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