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<s>[INST] context: The most common such vaporizer is the Ohmeda Tec 6, designed specifically for use with desflurane. Desflurane has two physical propeies, making it unsuitable for use with a conventional vaporizer. First, it has a very high SVP (88.5 kPa at 20degC). A conventional vaporizer would require high fresh gas flows to dilute it to within clinically useful concentrations, making it uneconomical. Secondly, it has a low boiling point (23.5degC). At room temperature, it will intermittently boil resulting in large fluctuations in agent delivery. When boiling, there will be excessive agent delivery; however, it will then cool due to a large loss of latent heat of vaporization, resulting in an exponential decrease in SVP and under-delivery of agent. The Ohmeda Tec 6 overcomes these problems by using an electrical filament that heats the desflurane to 39degC, raising its SVP to 194 kPa, that is, nearly 2 atm. In addition to providing a stable SVP, this high pressure removes the need for a pressurized carrier gas--instead, the fresh or diluent gas is entirely separate from the vaporizing chamber [/INST] question: Tec 6 vaporizer is used with......... | options: A: Halothane B: Desflurane C: Isoflurane D: Trielene | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: You ought to have fun when you study English. That way, you'll want to spend more time using the language. One way to do this is to watch amusing TV shows in English.
Chuck is an action comedy TV series about a character named Chuck. One day Chuck receives a classified e-mail from an old friend who is working at the CIA. The e-mail contains an entire database filled with classified U.S. government information. Chuck is the kind of person who naturally commits large amounts of information to memory, and all of the spy secrets are accidentally embedded in his mind. So Chuck becomes the most important person to the government. As a result, Chuck hides his identity and works as a computer expert at a store called Buy More. There are two secret agents who protect Chuck from danger. To ensure his safety, they also take undercover jobs as his girlfriend and a store employee. [:Z _ xx _ k.Com]
Without a doubt, watching Chuck is going to provide you with hours of rib-tickling laughter while you learn English. [/INST] question: Watching amusing TV shows is a _ way to study English. | options: A: useful B: hard C: fun D: quick | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: To many basketball fans in Taiwan, the William Jones Cup or the Basketball Association may be their sweetest memory. But if you ask them, "What's the hottest basketball event now?" There is the only answer: HBL, the High School Basketball League.
Founded in 1988, the HBLwas at first just a high school basketball tournament. After the Taipei School Sport Federation took charge in 1996 and renamed it HBL, everything changed. The Federation decided to co-operated with Nike, the well-known sportswear manufacturer, and use its experience in marketing to promote the game.
The HBL started with 129 teams; today there are more than 250. no longer just of interest to the players, it's now Taiwan's biggest basketball event. Fellow students, alumni (,), and sports fans all over Taiwan cheer for their favorite teams. At last year's finals, Taipei and Kaohsiung mayors came to cheer for their teams.
The HBL starts in September with qualifying and preliminary(,) rounds and continues through April of the following year, when the finals are held. Broadcasting the games on television has helped make the HBL a wildly popular event. It's become the place to spot young basketball talent. Today's HBL players are tomorrow's professionals.
Recent HBL tournaments have been very competitive, with no one school taking the advantage. This wide-open quality of the tournament makes it more exciting. Everyone wants to see how this year's games will come out. HBL fever just keeps getting hotter. [/INST] question: What is the hottest event in the eyes of most basketball fans in Taiwan? | options: A: HBL B: The William Jones Cup C: The Basketball Association D: NBA | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A Tale of Two Cities was written by the famous English writer Charles Dickens. The tale is mainly about the French Revolution in 1789, where the poor rose up against the king and the nobles. Dickens showed deep sympathy for the poor and deep hatred for the cruelty of the upper class, though he wrote quite a lot about the love triangle between Lucie, Charles and Sydney.
In this novel, Dickens wrote some lively characters like Sydney and those crazy revolutionaries. In this tale, we can't see any absolute roles. Charles, though he's a brave and good man, obviously he hasn't as much ability as Sydney. Sydney, a typical tragic man, a man like him, usually has great ability. But he has some weak points on characters and the worst is that he always loves a woman he shouldn't love and 99.99% die for her at last in an extremely heroic or tragic way. The revolutionaries are not as full of justice as usual. They get mad when they can get revenge for their unfair treatment. The fire of hatred burns everything. When they're at the bottom of the society, they're calling for justice, for fair treatment, for freedom, but when they're in charge of the society, their world is up-side-down. They hate everything that is connected to the very people against them, even including Charles' wife, Dr. Manette's daughter. So _ have no difference from those former governors at heart.
Though Dickens told us how the authority is recycling over and over again in some way, the novel is about something good. Love from Sydney to Lucie is one of the only few bright points in the novel and it's really great. A man can sacrifice his life to save his lover's husband. He doesn't have any personal purpose and just for his lover's happiness. So Dickens may imply us, only love can solve the problems between people, between the poor and the rich, love is everything. [/INST] question: . A Tale of Two Cities is mainly about _ . | options: A: Charles Dickens B: the French Revolution C: deep sympathy D: the upper class | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Here is some information about some people.
I am a math teacher. I teach math very well. Do you need help with your math?Call me at 679-8840.(Mr. Brown)
I lost my blue bag. It's from my mom and I like it very much. Did you find my bag?Please call me at 777-8953.(Lucy)
I like playing the violin,but I can't play it well. Can you help me?My phone number is 235-7765.(Joan)
Do you like reading?I have many old books and the books are free .Call me at 658-0034.(Mark)
Here is some information on today's newspaper.
FOUND
A blue bag. I found it in the library. My name is Sue. Please call me at 889-0764.
JOB
Are you good at math?Are you good with kids?We need a math teacher at our middle school. My name is Nick. My e-mail is [email protected].
MUSIC CLUB
Do you want to be a musician?Do you want to learn how to play the piano and the violin well?Come to our club. Only 20 yuan for one lesson. Call Susan at 776-9898.
BOOKS NEEDED
We want to build a library for the kids in a small village. We need many books. Please call Mr. Han at 458-2217. [/INST] question: If you need help with your math,you can _ . | options: A: call Mr. Brown B: call 777-8953 C: see Mr. Brown at his school D: write an e-mail to Mr. Brown | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: When Sjogren's syndrome is suspected, the most accurate sole criterion for diagnosis of the salivary component of this disorder is labial minor salivary gland biopsy. Antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors, I e_evaied immunoglobulins (particularly immunoglobulin G ilg(iD, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum amylase or the presence of antibodies directed against the more specific extractable nuclear antigens SS-A/Ro or SS-13/1.a are nonspecific markers of autoimmunity, but are important contributors to the definitive diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. lig, 60% patients will have antibodies against anti-SSA/Ro. This autoantibody is considered the most specific marker for Sjogren's syndrome although it may be found in a small percentage of patientsj
with systemic Iupus crythematosus or other autoimmune connective-tissue disorders.
Though there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for SS.
The strictest criteria include objective measurement of decreased salivary and lacrimal gland function, positive autoimmune serologies and a minor salivary gland biopsy specimen that demonstrates focal mononuclear cell infiltration in a periductal pattern (focus score>1). [/INST] question: 35 year old female patient complains of dry mouth and scratchy feeling in eyes. She is found to have antibodies against anti- SSA/Ro. Which of the following can be the most accurate sole criterion to diagnose the condition | options: A: Positive rheumatoid factor B: Lymph node biopsy C: Objective measurement of lacrimal and salivary gland secretion D: Lip tissue biopsy | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hello, everyone. Because of the high rate of school violence in some areas, teenagers' safety becomes a serious problem. We are planning to set up an organization named School Watch to make sure that students have a safe environment. Please be part of our plan!
What is School Watch?
School Watch is a volunteer project in our school. It helps us stop violence and improve the quality of school life. It will keep yourself and your schoolmates safe. The other members of School Watch care for you and your classroom and you do the same for them.
Is it for everyone?
Anybody can become a member of School Watch because everyone has something to offer.
What else can it do?
School Watch makes it possible for us not only to help each other but also to make friends with each other. Some members may offer to help schoolmates who have problems with their homework.
Who is the Best School Watcher?
Our school will look for the Best School Watcher and give him or her lots of prizes. You could be the one!
How do you start?
To be part of this plan, the only thing you need to do is to talk to the director of the plan in your grade. If you want to get more information, check the official website atwww. schoolwatch. com. [/INST] question: The members of School Watch are probably _ . | options: A: teenagers B: parents C: policemen D: teachers | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Tales From Animal Hospital
David Crant
David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Crant tells usthe very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical checkups to surgery . Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whetherit be cat, dog, or snake !
PS14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster
ISBN 0751304417
Isaac Newton : The Last Sorcerer
Michael White
From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in, Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the world's first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact, Michael White's learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
PS18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate
ISBN 1857024168
Fermat's Last Theorem
Simon Singh
In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world'sgreatest mathematical problem: Fermat's Last Theorem . First put forward by the Frenchmathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had _ and beaten the finestmathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out theproblem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effort over three centuries, Fermat's Last Theorem will delight specialists and generalreaders alike.
PS12.99 Hardback 384pp Fourth Estate
ISBN 1857025210 [/INST] question: What is Animal Hospital? | options: A: A news story B: A popular book C: A research report D: A TV programme | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: CSF rhinorrhea may be classified as: Traumatic (>90%) - Approximately 80% of all traumatic leaks occur in the setting of accidental trauma, and the remaining traumatic leaks occur after neurosurgical and rhinological procedures Nontraumatic (Nontraumatic etiologies include neoplasms and hydrocephalus High pressure flow- intracranial tumours & hydrocephalous Low pressure flow- congenital defects Most common site for leak is through cribform plate and ethmoidal air sinuses. Less common sites are through frontal and sphenoidal sinuses. Rarely, the leak can originate in the middle or posterior cranial fossa and can reach the nasal cavity by way of the middle ear and eustachian tube Diagnosis: Basic clinical tests - Rhinoscopy-visualisation of CSF leakage from paranasal sinuses - Tissue test-unlike nasal mucous ,CSFdoes not cause a tissue to stiffen - Filter paper test-sample of nasal discharge on a filter paper exhibits a light CSF border and a dark central area of blood 'double ring sign' or ' halo sign' (in cases of traumatic CSF leak where blood and CSF are mixed.) - Queckenstedt test-compression of jugular veins leads to increased CSF leakage d/t increase in 1CP Biochemical tests: - Concentrations of glucose & protein are higher in CSF than in nasal discharge. - 12-transferrin is the preferred biochemical marker of CSF. It helps in distinguishing CSF from other nasal secretions. - Beta-trace protein (11TP) is another chemical marker that could be used for the detection of CSF CSF tracers: Intrathecal fluorescein dye administration, radionuclide cisternography, CTcisternography Radiological studies: High-resolution CT provides detailed information about the bony skull base anatomy, and MR1 assesses soft tissues , including unrecognized tumors and coincidental meningoencephaloceles Treatment: Traumatic rhinorrhea often stops spontaneously Conservative treatment consists of 1-2 weeks trial of? - Strict bed rest - Head elevation - Stool softeners - Advising patient to avoid coughing, sneezing, nose blowing, and straining - Prophylactic antibiotics - Subarachnoid drainage through a lumbar catheter Surgical repair is generally advocated in patients with large fistulas especially in the presence of pneurnocephalous. [/INST] question: CSF rhinorrhea "immediate" management is | options: A: Plugging with petrolleum jelly plugs B: Wait & watch for 7 days + antibiotics C: Blow the nose repeatedly D: Surgery | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: When a 13-year-old Virginal girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted worldwide attention.
Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from poured in. But nothing did any good. Finally, she was taken to Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world's top authorities on sneezing, who solved the problem with great speed.
He used neither drugs nor surgery for, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was
found in an ancient superstition about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze.It was all in her mind, he said, a view which Aristotle, some 3,000 years earlier, would have agreed with heartily.
Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much Sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the girl accordingly.
"Less than two days in a hospital room, a plan for better scholastic and vocational adjustment,
and reassurance about her unreasonable fear of tuberculosis quickly changed her from a sneezer to an ex-sneezer," he reported.
Sneezing has always been a subject of wonder, awe and puzzlement. Dr Kanner has collected thousands of superstitions concerning it. The most universal one is the custom of begging for the blessing of God when a person sneezes-- a practice Dr. Kanner traces back to the ancient belief that a sneeze was an indication that the sneezer was possessed of an evil spirit. Strangely, people over the world still continue the custom with the traditional, "God bless you" or something else.
When scientists look at the sneeze, they see a remarkable mechanism which, without any conscious help from you, takes on a job that has to be done. When you need to sneeze you sneeze, this being nature's clever way of getting rid of an annoying object from the nose. The object may be just some dust in the nose which nature is trying to remove. [/INST] question: The girl sneezed continuously because she _ . | options: A: was ill B: was mentally ill C: had heavy mental burden D: had attracted world-wide attention | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dear Bridge of Hope supporters,
July 2010 was a productive month for the teachers at BOH. Marilyn traveled to Liberia and helped Kathleen Ngenda with her teacher training program on Basic Adult Literacy. During the eight-day training, she helped the teachers learn to pronounce, spell and write correctly. They are currently working on personal sets of cards and lists so that they can teach this concept to students in the fall. Kathleen plans on two trips back to the school to monitor teachers in their teaching.
Marilyn found a very dedicated and enthusiastic group of elementary teachers who are focused on bettering themselves as educators. BOHUSA will offer financial support for their further educational studies this fall. Our goal is to have all staff be certified by the end of 2013.
The Liberian government recommends a C-certificate for teachers of elementary students, which can be obtained in one year of education classes (taken on Saturdays).
There is a great need to add seventh and eighth grade classrooms and a library. There is actually no room, however, and so we need to add a second floor. Currently the ground floor houses the church and the school uses this space for daily services. The first floor would give space for three more classrooms, in addition to a large reading room and computer labs. About $40,000 to 50,000 is required to meet the educational needs.
If you would like to contribute to this building project, please make out your check to:
Bridge of Hope
12002 Arnold Rd.
Orrville, Ohio 44667
Bridge of Hope Foundation is a non-profit organization. You do not have to pay tax on your contributions. [/INST] question: Marilyn went to Liberia to _ . | options: A: take a trip B: visit a school C: take training classes D: help train teachers | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A robot is a computer-controlled machine that is programmed to move and handle objects. Robots are able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly, cheaply, and accurately than humans. In 1995, about 700,000 robots were used-including over 500,000 in Japan, about 120,000 in Western Europe, and about 60,000 in the United States-all in the industrialized world. Many robots applications are designed for tasks that are either dangerous or unpleasant for human beings. Now, robotic technology can be used in more and more fields. Experts say in the future robots will be able to make new highways, constructsteel frameworks of buildings, clean sewage , and such physical work. Besides, another possibility is the development of robotic technology in medical surgery operations.
Perhaps the greatest changes in future robots will improve from their increasing ability to reason. The field of artificial intelligence is moving rapidly from university labs to practical application in industry, and machines of a new kind of robots are being developed, _ can perform something involved in the process of understanding and planning, such as the management of a battlefield. Even the control of a large factory will be performed by intelligent computers. And there might be a possibility that these computers can design and make robots of their own.
Is there anything dangerous involved in this artificial intelligence progress then? Robot technology has been making people nervous ever since it was invented. Is it unreasonable to worry that robots will someday become too clever? Is it impossible that these human-like robots will start to think and plan for themselves? Will robots take over the world and force humans to give them energy to survive? [/INST] question: In 1995, about 700,000 robots were working in _ . | options: A: Japan B: the United States C: Western Europe D: the industrialized world | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A (HSV) ECZEMA HERPATICUM/KAPOSi'S VARICEL1FORM ERUPTIONS KVE is wide spread cutaneous infection with a virus which normally causes localized or mild vesicular eruption occurring in patients with pre-existing skin disease | | |Infectious agentPredisposing factor (damaged skin)||* Herpes simplex virus (HSV1) is mostcommon cause (Eczema berpaticum)* Coxsackie A 16* Vaccinia* Small pox vaccination (Eczema vaccinatum)^ * Atopic eczema (most common predisposing factor). Allergic contact dermatosis, Darrier's disease* Pemphigus foliaceous, benign familial pemphigus* Icthysosis vulgaris, congenital ecthyosiform erythroderma* Mycosis fungiodes, Sezary synodrome* Bums (2nd and 3rd degree) Eczema HerpeticumIt is a disseminated herpes infection generally at sites of epidermal disruption such as atopic dermatitis, burns, eczema etc.The causative organism is herpes simplex virus type 1Exzema herpeticum results in a severe disseminated infection, involving multiple organs - eyes, brain, lung, liver and others and can be fatal.Treatment of choice is systemic antiviral drugs, such as acyciovir or vataeyclovir.When smallpox vaccination was still being routinely administered, the vaccinia virus used in the smallpox vaccine could cause a similar syndrome if the patient had an active eczema. This condition is called eczema vaccinatum.Eczema herpeticum and eczema vaccination are collectively known as Kaposi's varicelliform eruption [/INST] question: Eczema herpeticum seen with: | options: A: HSV B: EBV C: CMV D: VZV | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Penicillamine- It is obtained as a degradation product of penicillin. It was found to have a strong copper chelating propey and was used in 1956 for Wilson's disease. It selectively chelates Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The d-isomer is used therapeutically because the 1-isomer and the racemate produce optic neuritis and are more toxic. It is adequately absorbed after oral administration, little metabolized in the body and excreted in urine and feces. Uses 1. Wilson's disease (Hepatolenticular degeneration): This is due to a genetic deficiency of ceruloplasmin, a protein which normally binds and disposes of Cu from the body. In its absence, the plasma concentration of free Cu is high which gets deposited in the liver, substantia nigra, basal ganglia of brain, and causes local degeneration. Life long therapy is needed to prevent progression of the disease. Dose: 0.5-1 g daily in divided doses 1 hour before or 2 hour after meals to avoid chelation of dietary metals. 2. Copper/mercury poisoning: 1-1.5 g/day is given for a few days. It is the drug of choice for Cu poisoning and alternative drug to dimercaprol/ succimer for Hg poisoning. 3. Chronic lead poisoning: It may be used as an adjuvant to CaNa2EDTA, but succimer is preferred. 4. Cystinuria and cystine stones: It promotes the excretion of cysteine and prevents its precipitation in the urinary tract because penicillamine- cysteine complex is more soluble than dicysteine (cystine). 5. Scleroderma: Penicillamine benefits by increasing soluble collagen. It was used as a disease-modifying drug in rheumatoid ahritis but has been replaced now by safer drugs Adverse effects Sho-term administration (as metal chelator) of penicillamine does not cause much problem. Various cutaneous reactions, itching and febrile episodes may occur. However, long-term use produces pronounced toxicity. Dermatological, renal, hematological and collagen reaction saw. ESSENTIALS of medical PHARMACOLOGY SIXTH EDITION-KD TRIPATHI Page: 867 [/INST] question: Which of the following chelating agent is the degradation product of Penicillin? | options: A: EDTA B: Dimercaprol C: Penicillamine D: Desferioxamine | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Colorful hair speaks more about beauty. Now it becomes popular and people are dyeing their hair to make it different. Dyeing hair with natural products is good for health while dyeing with chemicals is harmful. Researches have found that dyeing hair with chemicals can make people have cancer.
Lead is very harmful for the human body and it is used in most hair dyes. Since the base of hair is the scalp ,you may have allergic reaction .
While dyeing your hair it is important to take some safety measures. You can follow them even when you are applying dye on your hair at home.
* It is better to apply hair dye for a few minutes. If you leave your hair with dye, longer than the necessary time,then you may get some skin problems.
* Don't forget to wear gloves while applying dye on the hair. This will protect the skin of your
hands.
* After applying hair dye it is important to wash your hair with water.
* Hair dyes are made of chemicals. If you mix different hair dyes ,there may be chemical reaction. So, It is not a good idea to mix different hair dyes at the same time.
* Finally all the bags of hair dyes carry the directions( ) Try to follow them very carefully. This will lower the chance of allergic reaction. [/INST] question: What do most hair dyes contain? | options: A: Iron B: Silk C: Lead D: Gold | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: From Mr. Ward Hoffman.
Sir, I was halfway through Professor Raj Persaud's article "What's the tipping point?"
(Financial Times Weekend, April 9-l0) when it occurred to me that what I was reading was not ironic . If Prof Persaud wants to know why Americans tip in restaurants, he need only ask the first American he meets inprefix = st1 /London.
Americans tip in restaurants for one reason, and one reason only: we tip to supplement the salary of restaurant workers. Quality of service does not enter into it, beyond the fact that one may tip a bit less for poor service, or a little more for good service.
Not tipping at all in a non-fast-food restaurant is not a choice. In the US, one used to tip about 15 per cent for dining in a family-style restaurant or in an up-market restaurant. Here, in San FranciscoBayarea restaurants, we are encouraged to tip 20 per cent or more, to help restart workers live in this very expensive area.
After eating at an Italian restart in my city, I left a tip of 20 per cent on the non-tax part of our dinner bill. It was expected. There is nothing more complicated than that about Americastipping in restaurants.
Ward Hoffman,
Palo Alto, CA94306,US
* * *
From Mr. Philip McBride Johnson.
Sir, I agree with most of Raj Persaud's opinion about the doubtful value of tipping, but with one exception. Tips can be very useful when one is a repeat customer or diner.
It is only when the tipper is a stranger and likely to remain so that the system does not work to his or her advantage. But frequent a hotel or a restaurant, always tip a bit more, and the difference in service and treatment will be easily felt.
Phfiip McBnde Johnson,
Great Falls, VA22066,US [/INST] question: What can we learn from Hoffrnan's letter? | options: A: Quality of service determines tipping in theUS B: Americans don't tip in non fast-food restaurants C: Tipping inUSupmarknt restarts is unnecessary D: How to tip in theUnited Statesis not complicated | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: An ID card is the most important proof of identity for each person. It shows one's name, date of birth, address, nationality, photo and ID number.
China's top legislature added something new to the Resident Identity Card Law. It passed the suggestions of recording Chinese citizens' fingerprints when they apply for or change ID cards.
Fingerprints would make it easier to recognize the people who own the cards. It can stop people from making fake ID cards.
Li Xiao'ou, a bank worker in Beijing, said fingerprint data will make bank business safer. "No two people have the same fingerprints," he said. "The new card can better protect their private information. It will prevent their identity from being used by others when people want to do banking."
As ID cards will contain more personal information, many people worry that some institutions may let their information out. The amended law tries to better protect it. Government offices and other public institutions, like banks and hospitals, could face a fine of 500,000 yuan if they give out citizens' personal information. [/INST] question: From an ID card, we can tell the person's following information EXCEPT _ . | options: A: his/her blood type B: his/her nationality C: his/her age D: his/her address | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dolphins are not fish, but warm-blooded animals. They live in groups, and speak to each other in their own language. In this, they are like other animals, such as bees and birds. But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals. Their brain is nearly the same size as our own, and they live a long time--at least twenty or thirty years. Like some animals, dolphins use sound to help them find their way around. They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food. We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds, but the lower part of the mouth, called the jaw.
Strangely, dolphins seem to like man, and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people.
There is a story about sailors in the 19th century. In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack. From 1871 to 1903, Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack. He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area-except for The Penguin.
Today, some people continue to kill dolphins, but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them. [/INST] question: Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they _ . | options: A: live in groups B: have large brains C: are warm-blooded D: have their own language | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Wolves travel in groups, and they perform almost all the other activities of their lives in the company of fellow wolves. This is one of the most important facts that modern science have learned about wolves and one of the things that most clearly explain their way of life.
The pack is usually a family group. It is made up of animals related to each other by blood. The centre of a pack is a pair of wolves----an adult male and female that have produced young. The other members of the pack are their offspring : young wolves ranging in age from pups to two- and three-year-olds. Most packs have 6 or 7 members, although some may include as many as 15 wolves.
Relationships among creatures that live close together in groups are often very complex, and this is true of the ties that connect the members of a wolf pack. Scientific studies of captive wolves and wolf packs in the wild have shown that many complex rules of behavior seem to govern the way that the animals relate to each other.
When wolf pups are born into a pack, one of the most important things they must learn is the "language" of the group, the method by which pack members keep in touch with each other, sharing information and communicating their feelings. Scientists have discovered that wolves have a very complex system of communication.
The most famous wolf sound is, of course, the howl, and it is a very important part of wolf language.
When people think about howling, they usually imagine a sad, lonely sound made by a wolf sitting all alone on a hilltop in the moonlight. However, this picture in most human beings' mind is not completely true. Wolves howl at any time, not just at night, and they often howl together, not alone.
Group or chorus howling is another means by which the members of a wolf reaffirm their ties with each other and their closeness as a group. One wolf----often the male leader----will point its nose at the sky, open its mouth, and start to howl. Immediately the other members of the pack rush to stand beside him, shoulder to shoulder, and join their voices to his. Each wolf howls on its own note so that a big chorus of slightly different sounds is produced.
Chorus howling often takes place before a wolf pack goes out to hunt. At the end of a successful hunt, the pack may also celebrate with a group howl. While wolves are on the track of prey ,they are usually silent.
There are occasions when a wolf will howl by itself. This may happen when an animal is separated from the pack. Pack members seem to recognize each other's voices and will keep responding to the howl of their wandering relative until the group is reunited.
Because howling is a sound that carries over a considerable distance, it is very useful in communications among separated members of a pack. Howling is also used when members of different packs have to get in touch with each other to pass on information about their locations and their purposes. [/INST] question: What makes communication the most important part of wolves' lives? | options: A: Living in packs B: Hunting at night C: Occupying a large area D: Finding fellows | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Sleep -- or a lack of it -- is probably the most-discussed part of baby care. New parents discover its importance in those first few weeks and months after their babies were born. Actually, the quality and quantity of a baby's sleep affects the well-being of everyone in the family. So how do new parents get their children to bed through the cries? And how much sleep is enough for their children? It all depends on their children' s age.
Sleeping charts that list the hours of sleep likely to be required by a baby or a two-year-old may cause concern if individual differences aren't considered. These numbers are simply averages reported by large groups of children of a particular age. There's no satisfactory number of hours required by all kids in a certain age group. Two-year-old Sarah might sleep from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am, while two-year-old Johnny is just as alert the next day after sleeping from 10:00 pm to 5:00 am.
Still, sleep is very important to a child's well-being. The link between a child's lack of sleep and his or her behavior isn't always obvious. When adults are tired, they can have low energy, but kids can become overexcited, disagreeable and have extremes in behavior. Most children's sleep requirements fall within a predictable range of hours based on their age, but each child is a unique individual with different sleep needs.
Here's a summary of a few ways that may help your child ease into a good night's sleep:
Stick to bedtime.
Consider playing soft music.
Don't give your baby a bottle of milk or any sugar-containing drink to aid sleep.
There isn't one sure way to raise a good sleeper, but every parent should be encouraged to know that most children have the ability to sleep well. The key is to try, from early on, to establish healthy sleep habits that may last a lifetime. [/INST] question: How should new parents treat the sleeping charts? | options: A: They should take it as a reference B: They should make their kids' sleep hours different from it C: They should follow it regularly and strictly D: They should not follow it regularly | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: You are standing in the kitchen and a voice says, "Add a little more salt to that soup." Yes, it's always nice to have someone help you when you're cooking. But this voice is not from a man. You are alone! Then where does it come from? Is it from a ghost? No, this isn't a ghost kitchen--it's the kitchen of the future.
Scientists are working to improve everything in the kitchen, from fridges to tables, and even the ways we cook. They are making a system. It will help a person cook a meal. You don't need cookbooks. You can hear how to cook food.
The fridge of the smart kitchen has a scanner. It looks at the foods in the fridge. It will order more milk from the store when your milk has gone bad or there is no more in the fridge. The gloves will test the temperature of everything they touch and say, "Need to cook longer" or "Hot and ready to eat". If you leave them on the stove by mistake, they'll say, "Fire!" Even the knives and spoons will speak. For example, if your food is bad, the knives and spoons will tell you not to eat it.
The future kitchen may look wonderful, but it's not cheap. The multimedia fridge costs about 8,000 dollars. So even though high-tech kitchens are no longer a dream, not everyone can afford one. [/INST] question: In the kitchen of the future, there is a _ helping you. | options: A: system B: man C: ghost D: servant | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Annie slept in the front of the seat with her father drove through the darkness. "We're almost there!" Dad announced cheerfully. "Soon well be observing and counting owls at the state park." Yawning, Annie nodded and smiled. The time was 4:30 a.m. Looking out into the darkness, Annie remembered learning in school that most owls are active at night, when they hunt for food. During the day they sleep in hard-to-find spots.
"Dad, why do you need to count owls?" she asked. "It's important for the scientists to have current information about bird populations," he explained. "We want to know which birds have decreased in number and whether any new kinds of birds are coming into a certain area. You and I will write down the kinds of birds that we see today and keep a record of how many times we see each kind. The we'll send out a report to a scientific organization that is collecting about birds from people all over the county."
Dad pulled into the parking lot of the state park. Then, with flashing in hand, they began their hike into the woods. Annie zipped up her coat and tried to keep from trembling. She had not expected the morning to be so frigid. Luckily her gloves were in her pocket.
Suddenly Annie's father stooped and gestured for her to be still. Obeying, Annie did not take another step. She thought she heard a low crying up head. "That's certainly a screech owl," her father whispered. "Let's get a look at it." After looking more closely, Annie could see that it was a small owl. Sensing danger, the owl narrowed its eyes and pulled its feathers tightly against its body. Annie carefully wrote down in her notebook that they had seen a screech owl.
Walking a little farther, they came to a tall oak tree. "This looks like a perfect spot to attract owls," Dad said. "I'm going to play a recording of common call of the barred owl. Maybe we can get one to answer.' Annie could hardly believe her ear. The recorded all sounded as if the bird were asking, "who cooks for you?" Moments later Annie thought she heard a return call in distance. She held her breath and waited. Suddenly a huge bird landed very quietly on a branch above them.
Annie had long forgotten how cold it was. She stood in wonder, shining her flashlight on the bird and studying it carefully. The barred owl was nearly tow feet tall. Gray feathers surrounded its dark eyes. The bird did not matter. Annie would never forge the image of the powerful barred owl. [/INST] question: Annie and her father went to the state park to _ . | options: A: catch owls B: collect information about owls C: record the call of owls D: carry out an experiment on owls | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with male hypogonadism and infertility.
It is defined classically by a 47, XXY karyotype with variants demonstrating additional X and Y chromosomes. (Other variants can have 48 XXXY, rarely 49 XXXXY or mosaics can be there with some cells containing normal 46, XY and others 47, XXY). Classically, it results from meiotic nondisjunction of sex chromosomes (40% during spermatogenesis and 60% during oogenesis). Mostly, non-disjunction occur during 1 st meiotic division
The patient has male phenotype with feminizing features due to extra X-chromosome (note: the presence of one Y chromosome is sufficient for the male phenotype. Thus XY, XXY, XXXY all are males). Extra inactive chromosome appears as a Barr body.
Important clinical features include macroorchidism with normal external genitalia, mental retardation, gynecomastia, lack of secondary sexual characteristics with eunuchoid (PGI 01) body habits, disproportionately long arms and legs, hypogonadism, increased incidence of tumors (breast carcinoma, germ cell tumors), increased incidence of autoimmune disorders (e.g. SLE), and cardiac problems (most common is mitral valve prolapse). Testosterone levels are decreased, whereas levels of gonadotropins (FSH/LH) are elevated. [/INST] question: What is the genotype of Klinefelter's syndrome? | options: A: 45X0 B: 47 XXX C: 47XXY D: Trisomy 13 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: (Frontal lobe) (804 -K.Sth)FRONTAL LOBE SYNDROME(Injury or ablation of prefrontal cortex)TEMPORAL LOBE SYNDROME or Kluver Bucy Syndrome1. Emotional instability: There is lack of restraint leading to hostility, aggressiveness and restlessness2. Lack of concentration and lack of fixing attention occur3. There is lack of initiation and difficulty in planning4. Impairment of recent memory occurs.1. Aphasia: Disturbance in speech2. Auditory disturbances - frequent attacks of tinnitus, auditory hallucinations with sounds like buzzing, ringing or humming3. Disturbance in smell and taste sensation4. Dreamy states - feeling of unreality5. Visual hallucination associated with hemianopiaHowever, the memory of remote events is not lost5. Loss of moral and social sense is common and there is loss of love for family and friends6. There is failure to realize the seriousness of the condition the subject has the sense of well - being and also has flight of ideas7. Functional abnormalities(i) Hyperphagia(ii) Loss of control over sphincter of the- urinary bladder or rectum(iii) Disturbances in orientation(iv) Slight tremorPARIETAL LOBE FUNCTIONS1. Somesthetic area 1 is responsible for perception and integration of cutaneous and kinesthetic sensation2. Movements of head and eyeballs3. Discriminative functions(i) Spatial recognition: Tactile localization, two point discrimination and recognition of position and passive movements of limbs(ii) Recognition of intensity of different stimuli(iii) Recognition of similarities and differences between the stimuliOCCIPITAL LOBE FUNCTONS (Visual cortex)1. Primary visual area - 17 is concerned with perception of visual impulses2. Visual association area - 18 - concerned with interpretation of visual impulses3. Occipital eye field - 19 concerned with movement of eyes [/INST] question: Impairment of moral and social sense, lack of initiation and difficulty in planning with flight of ideas is a feature of lesion in the | options: A: Frontal lobe B: Parietal lobe C: Temporal lobe D: Occipital lobe | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I represent minimal (mild) dysplasia (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, or LSIL) and is a potentially reversible process. Dysplasia is preneoplastic and may progress to carcinomas if not treated. Risk factors for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma include early age at first intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and a male partner with multiple previous sexual partners. These factors all increase the potential for infection with human papillomavirus. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure is a factor in the development of clear cell carcinomas of the vagina and cervix. The use of oral contraceptives, which contain very low amounts of hormonally active compounds, does not cause cervical dysplasia or carcinoma. Treatment of cancers does not typically result in dysplasia, although the atypical changes in epithelial cells from radiation and/or chemotherapy may be challenging to distinguish from cancer. A vitamin B12 deficiency may produce some megaloblastic epithelial changes, but not dysplasia. [/INST] question: A healthy 30-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. No abnormalities are found on physical examination. A screening Pap smear shows cells consistent with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Subsequent cervical biopsy specimens confirm the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I. Which of the following risk factors is most likely related to her Pap smear findings? | options: A: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure B: Multiple sexual partners C: Oral contraceptive use D: Prior treatment for a malignancy | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Long long ago, a young man found a spring of delicious clean water while he was going through the desert. He brought some back to the oldest man in his village, who had been his teacher before. After a four-day journey he sent the water to the old man who took a deep drink, smiled warmly and thanked his student for the sweet water. The young man returned to his village happily. The next day, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spat it out, saying it was awful. It went bad because it had stayed in the old leather container for so many days in such hot weather. The student asked his teacher why he pretended to like the awful water. The teacher _ , "You only tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for love and kindness. And nothing could be sweeter than these."
I think we understand this lesson best when we receive small gifts of love from very young kids. Whether it's a slice of bread or a piece of colored paper, the natural and right response is to show our thanks and happiness because we get love from the gift.
To show our thanks doesn't always come naturally. Unfortunately, most children and many adults only see the thing itself. They never feel the meaning of the thing. We should tell ourselves and teach our children about showing thanks and happiness to the persons who give the gifts from their hearts because gifts from the heart are really gifts of the heart. [/INST] question: Where did the young man find the water? | options: A: In a spring B: In a river C: In a lake D: In a village | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Have you ever watched the big parade on Tian'anmen Square on October 1? Some students performed in the big parade. In order to get ready for it, this summer, many Beijing middle school students had a different kind of vacation. Instead of hanging out with friends or traveling, they trained hard for the 60th birthday of China this year.
Students trained from 7:30 am to around 10:00 am or from 4 pm to 6:30 pm, because it was very hot this summer. They wore white hats, T-shirts and blue trousers. The hats and T-shirts were printed with a red logo, the number "60".
The first week of training was PE. Students practiced standing and squatting. Then they moved on to practice the group show. When we watched the parade on TV we saw them making colorful pictures.
What did the students think of their unusual summer? "Sometimes we find it a bit tiring." said Lu Wenqi, 13. "But most of us think it's a great _ to take part in such an important show." Li Hui, 15, thought the same as Lu. She said her classmates were hardly late for training. "It's a wonderful chance for us," said Li. "When my parents were in college, they also took part in a national day parade. Now it's my turn!" [/INST] question: The students performed a group show for the 60th birthday of China on _ . | options: A: September 1st B: October 1st C: October 60th D: November 1st | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: People have different ways of greeting each other. They might shake hands , kiss or hug . But do you ever wonder how dogs say hello?
If you are a dog lover, you already know the answer to this question. When you arrive home, your dog jumps up into your lap . It wags its tail, and sometimes gives you wet kisses.
Like humans, dogs have five senses : smell, touch, sight, hearing and taste. Humans use sight as the main sense for recognizing one another. But dogs have poor eyesight. They use smell to recognize others. A dog's sense of smell is much better than a human's. It is through its sense of smell that tells the differences between different people.
Dogs use smell to recognize other dogs, too. They tell the differences by the smell of pee and pooh . When two dogs meet, they smell each other's noses. Then they go side to side, and smell each other's butts . By smelling its friend's behind, a dog knows who it is with.
That is also why dogs smell everything they can on the road. By smelling grass, trees and signposts , dogs know which other neighborhood dogs have been around. [/INST] question: People have different ways of greeting each other except _ . | options: A: hug B: shaking hands C: jump D: kiss | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Americans gave nearly $300 billion away last year. Do you know the reason? Beyond the noble goals of helping others, it is that giving will make them happier.
It is a fact that givers are happier people than non-givers. According to the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, a survey of 30,000 American households, people who give money to charity are 43% more likely than non-givers to say they are "very happy" about their lives. Similarly, volunteers are 42% more likely to be very happy then non-volunteers.
The happiness difference between givers and non-givers is not due to differences in their personal characteristics, such as income or religion. Imagine two people who are identical in terms of income and faith, as well as age, education, politics, sex, and family circumstances, but one donates money and volunteers, while the other does not. The giver will be, on average, over 40 percentage points more likely to be very happy than the non-givers.
A number of studies have researched exactly why charity leads to happiness. The surprising conclusion is that giving affects our brain chemistry. For example, people who give often report feelings of euphoria, which psychologists have referred to as the "Helper's High". They believe that charitable activity produces a very mild version of the sensations people get from drugs like morphine and heroin.
Of course, not only does giving increase our happiness, but also our happiness increases the possibility that we will give. Everyone prefers to give more when they are happy. Researchers have investigated this by conducting experiments in which people are asked about their happiness before and after they participate in a charitable activity, such as volunteering to help children or serving meals to the poor. The result is clear that giving has a strong, positive causal impact on our happiness, so does happiness on giving [/INST] question: What causes the happiness difference? | options: A: Income B: Faith C: Education D: Donation | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: ARMD(age related macular degeneration)- Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), also called senile macular degeneration, is a bilateral disease of persons of 59 years of age or older. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, Clinical types 1)Non-exudative or Dry ARMD. responsible for 90 percent cases. causes mild to moderate, gradual loss of vision. Patients complain of distoed vision, difficulty in reading due to central shadowing. ' characterised by occurrence of drusens (colloid bodies), pale areas of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy and irregular or clustered pigmentation that appear as small discrete, yellowish-white, slightly elevated spots. In later stages, there occurs enlargement of the atrophic areas within which the larger choroidal vessels may become visible (geographic atrophy). 2) Exudative ARMD. It is also called wet or neovascular ARMD. responsible for only 10 percent cases of ARMD associated with comparatively rapidly progressive marked loss of vision. May eventually scar with or without intervention, treatment reduces extent of scarring and helps keep macula dry and preserve some vision Typically, the course of exudative ARMD rapidly passes through many stages. These include: Stage of drusen formation, Stage of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment, Stage of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) Stage of haemorrhagic detachment of RPE, Stage of haemorrhagic detachment of neurosensory retina, and Stage of disciform (scarring) macular degeneration. [/INST] question: A 72 year old white male complains of difficulty reading fine print and fatigue after prolonged reading. O/E multiple, Confluent soft drusen over the macula are present. Most probable diagnosis? | options: A: Cystoid macular edema B: CSR C: ARMD D: Macular hole | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes.
The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Dr. Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the topic of a Special Issue of the journal 'Human Relations'. They found that the common belief that being positive in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for reconsideration. This is partly due to this belief failing to take into account the differences in working environment which affect outcomes.
For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and in some cases, anger can be considered a force for good through acting upon injustices. An employee, for example, could express anger constructively after a manager has treated a fellow worker unfairly. In such cases, anger can be useful. _ , being too positive in the workplace, rather than resulting in greater performance and productivity, can lead to self-satisfaction and being too shallow in one's personality.
One article within the issue also finds that, within team work situation, negativity can have a good effect, leading to fewer consensuses but a further discussion or debate on an important issue among workers, which improve team effect.
Lindebaum said, "The findings of the study published in this Special Issue challenge the common belief that in the workplace positive emotions bring about a positive outcome, and vice versa ."
He added, "This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative dynamics affect the working environment and is certain to have practical application in the workplace for the years to come." [/INST] question: Why did researchers of the study of emotions find that the common belief needs to be considered again? | options: A: Because different people hold different attitudes towards it B: Because it doesn't consider the differences in real working environment C: Because it has been proved to be totally wrong in real working environment D: Because it doesn't tell the truth | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: To do for you
Baby and me
St. Benedicts Family Medical Center's "Baby and me" classes, 11 a.m. to noon Tuesdays, at Jerome Public Library, 101 First Ave. E.
This week's topic: story telling. The class is educational support for parents and babies. A baby scale is available each week.
Free; 324-6133
Infant care
Infant care class of St. Benedicts' prepared childbirth series , 7-9 p.m. Wednesday, at Jerome Public Library, 101 First Ave. E.
Topics: baby care and early parenting. The class is offered separately, or as part of the childbirth series. Mothers may register even if their babies will be born at a different hospital.
Cost is $5. Register: 732-3148.
Self defense
College of Southern Idaho's Community Education Center is offering a course "Self defense," 7-8:30 p.m. Thursdays, beginning this week to Dec. 16, in room 304 in the College of Southern Idaho gym. Bryan Matsuoka and Gary Phelps will instruct.
Learn defensive skills and the coordination of mind and body.
Cost is $105. Register: 732-6442 or communityed.csi.edu.
Fitness for seniors
South Central Public Health District is observing Fall Prevention AWARENESS Week Sept.19-25 to raise awareness of falls and reduce fall risk in south central Idaho.
The health district will provide a Fit and Fall proof class leader training from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Friday at 1020 Washington St. N. in Twin Fall. Training is for individuals interested in volunteering. Volunteers aren't required to have a physical education degree but should have exercise experience. Register for the training by Wednesday: 737-5988.
"To do for you" is a listing of health-related activities, events and education in the following Monday. [/INST] question: "Baby and me" classes are held mainly for _ . | options: A: teachers and parents B: children and teachers C: parents and children D: parents and babysitters | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Royal Mint has chosen Beatrix Potter's thieving Peter Rabbit as the first character from children's literature ever to appear on a UK coin.
Peter, pictured in the blue jacket that he is forced to abandon in the garden of Mr McGregor when he is caught stealing vegetables, is captured on a special, coloured edition of a 50p coin available from now. The Royal Mint, which described Peter as "the most recognizable of Potter's creations, and one of the most cherished from children's literature", will release uncoloured versions of the coin in change later this year.
Three more of Potter's characters will also be committed to currency later this year, as part of celebrations marking 150 years since the children's author's birth. The images have been created by coin designer Emma Noble, who said it was "amazing to be given the opportunity to work with such famous and treasured literary characters".
Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit, featuring Peter and his better-behaved siblings Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail, was the first of her stories to be published, released in 1902 by Frederick Warne & Co. Potter would go on to follow it with a series of much-loved stories which remain popular today, from The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin to The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck. [/INST] question: Which character from children's literature can be found on the UK coin? | options: A: Jemima Puddle-Duck B: Squirrel Nutkin C: Flopsy, Mopsy and Cottontail D: Peter Rabbit | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Word Power
Author(s): Kaplan $13.95
You'll never be at a loss for words again. Energize your vocabulary with must-know everyday words that are the essentials of a good vocabulary, engaging lessons to help you use words in text, hot words often found on tests, tips to help you figure out new words, roots, and more.
Grades: 8 & up Ages: 13 & up
Word Smart Junior
Author(s): Russell Stauffer $ 17.95
Now this is the way to add new words to your vocabulary! Word Smart Junior will make you laugh so much. You'll be amazed that you've just learned more than 120 fascinating and very useful words! Parents, teachers, and friends will marvel at your eloquence !
Grades: 3-5 Ages: 8-10
Grammar Smart Junior
Author(s): Marcia Reynolds $ 16.85
Do you quake when your teacher says, "Now it's time for grammar"? Do your verbs agree with your subjects?
Fear no more! A big Hollywood producer and a famous movie star will help you learn all those nasty elements of grammar. You'll be amazed at how quickly you learn, and how much fun it can be. You'll finally know your grammar backwards and forwards, and you'll never have to worry about it again.
Grades: 7-9 Ages: 12-14
Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage
Author(s): Julian Fleisher $ 12.68
The words you use say a lot about you ... but the way you put them together says even more. Your grammar makes an immediate and lasting impression on your teachers, and even your friends. So don't make the mistake of thinking that grammar is too complicated. We've created Grammar Smart to help you write and speak with clarity and confidence.
Grades: 6-8 Ages: 11-13 [/INST] question: If a ten-year-old boy wants himself to be admired because of his speech ability, he may buy _ . | options: A: Word Power B: Grammar Smart Junior C: Word Smart Junior D: Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Diagnosis - X-ray Abdomen: Confirm the clinical suspicion and define more accurately the site of obstruction (60% diagnostic accuracy) Supine radiographs: Dilated loops of small intestine without evidence of colonic distention, diagnose site and level of obstruction. Erect radiographs: Multiple air-fluid levels, which often layer in a step wise pattern Supine films are better than erect for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction CT SCAN Used in complex patients, in whom the diagnosis is not readily apparent Highly sensitive for diagnosing complete or high-grade obstruction of the small bowel and for determining the location and cause of obstruction. Less sensitive for paial small bowel obstruction. Useful for extrinsic cause of bowel obstruction (e.g. abdominal tumors, inflammatory disease, or abscess) and determining bowel strangulation. - Enteroclysis is investigation of choice in low-grade, intermittent SBO. - Barium studies: Precisely demonstrate the level of the obstruction and cause in ceain cases - Ultrasound: Useful in pregnant patients. [/INST] question: Best investigation for acute intestinal obstruction is: | options: A: Barium studies B: X-ray C: USG D: ERCP | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aoic arch (aoic bodies) and at the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid aeries (carotid bodies). Peripheral chemoreceptors are especially impoant for detecting changes in O2 in the blood, although they also respond to a lesser extent to changes in CO2 and hydrogen ion concentrations. The chemosensitive cells of the carotid body are the type I or glomus cells. Surrounding individual clusters of glomus cells are the type II or sustentacular cells which are suppoing cells similar to glia. The central chemoreceptors detect changes in the H+ concentration (direct stimulus) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including the brain interstitial fluid. The blood-brain barrier is relatively impermeable by H+ but it is very permeable by CO2. CO2 crosses blood brain barrier and forms H2CO3 that gives H+ ion on dissociation. The H+ concentration in brain interstitial fluid parallels the aerial Pco2 (secondary stimulus). Thus, the effects of CO2 on respiration are mainly due to its movement into the CSF and brain interstitial fluid, where it increases the H+ concentration and stimulates receptors sensitive to H+. [/INST] question: Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to hypoxia by oxygen sensitive: | options: A: Na+ channel B: Ca+2 channel C: K+ channel D: CI- channel | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: As Rosalie Warren stood at the mailbox in the lobby of her apartment building in May 1980, she shared the anxiety of many other college seniors. In her hand was an envelope containing her final grades. As she nervously opened it, Warren wondered whether her hundreds of hours of studying had paid off.
They had.
"I got five 'A's," she still recalls with elation. "I almost fell on the floor!"
Warren would graduate from Suffolk University with a bachelor of science degree in philosophy and history at age 80.Three years later, at age 83, she would receive her second degree from Suffolk, a master's in education.
Now, with both diplomas proudly displayed in her apartment, Warren is not finished with learning.
"That's what I love."
Warren was born Rosalie Levey on Aug.29, 1900. Two years after she entered high school, her father died. Warren had to leave school for factory work to help support her family's 10 children. Warren describes herself as a "person who always liked school," and she says the move "broke my heart completely because I couldn't finish high school."
In the end, however, "I went to school nights," she recalls. "Any place I could find an outlet of learning and teaching, I was there."
A short time later, her mother became ill, and Warren had to care for her, once again putting her education on hold.
Finally, in 1921, her mother, now recovered, drew from her saving to send Warren to Boston University for two years to study typing, stenography, and office procedures.
Those courses helped Warren gain several long-term office positions over the next 60 years, but her great desire "to be in the academic field" continued.
In 1924, she married Eugene Warren, and seven years later, her daughter, Corinne, was born. In 1955, by then a widow and a grandmother, Warren took a bus tour across the United States that was to last nine months. She said she wanted to see "things you never see in the West End."
When she returned home, she took a bookkeeping position and also enrolled in courses in philosophy, sociology
And Chinese history. free program for senior citizens." I was at the registrar's office the very next day."she recalls. At first ,she took one or two courses at a time , but encouraged by her professors , she enrolled as a
In 1975, when she was 75, Warren learned from a neighbor about Suffolk University's tuition- degree candidate.
"I had not studied for so many years," she says, "but I was determined." For the next four years, Warren, who calls herself a "student of philosophy," worked toward her degree.
Nancy Stoll, dean of students at Suffolk, says Warren is "an interesting role model for our younger students---that learning is a lifetime activity....She is genuinely enthusiastic about being here, and that permeates her activities and is contagious to students and faculty." [/INST] question: What does the word elation mean in the sentence "I got fives 'A's", she still recalls with elation"? | options: A: Great happiness B: Great surprise C: Great pride D: Great honor | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Christmas is long gone. and Valentine's Day is a distant memory. That means it's a slow time for jewelers, and a good time for you to make a purchase. Whether you're out shopping for gold, or silver, here fife a few things you need to know:
What determines price?
The purity of the metal is one of the elements that determines the price. Gold purity is indicated with a stamp of 10K, 14K, 18K, or 24K. And different countries have their own standards. For example, for a piece to be considered gold in the US, it must be at least 10K. In Britain and Canada: 9K. In Italy and France: l 8K. Anything over l 8K is really too soft for everyday wear. That's why jewelry stores in the US sell mostly 14K.
How much can you expect to pay?
That depends on the weight of the metal and the gemstone . So keep that in mind, especially when buying online. To keep yourself from _ , ask yourself the following:
*How long has the company been around?
*What is its return policy?
* Is the jewelry featured on the website visible from all directions?
* Is the company transparent with the gram weights and the size of the gemstones?
Yellow gold? White? Rose?
Yes, it's confusing, and while this is largely a personal decision, there fife a few things to keep in mind. For starters. white or rose gold costs about l 0% more than yellow gold. If you want the "look for less", consider gold. plated jewelry. "Gold plated" and "gold overlay" mean the same thing and guarantee a thicker layer of finish than "vermeil" which is a flash finish that is thinner and less consistent, but more affordable. Buy vermeil finished pieces you want for a season or two just to follow the fashion. For pieces you want to wear for a lifetime, solid gold is best.
What about sterling silver ?
Sterling silver has been. an alternative for white gold during the difficult economy, and while it used to be more popular with just the younger these days it has much more mass appeal. So much so that retailers are now offering fine gemstones with silver--something you used to see only with gold.
Keep in mind that in the US. the sterling silver standard is 92.5% real silver. Don't buy it if there isn't a "925" stamp on it. And keep in mind that the lower price you're paying for silver means more maintenance. To keep silver jewelry from becoming less shiny, consider keeping a piece of chalk in your jewelry box. [/INST] question: Which of the following is relatively good for only wearing a short time? | options: A: A 14K necklace B: A gold-plated ring C: A vermeil ear ring D: A gemstone necklace | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Retrosternal goitre (Substernal/Mediastinal/Intrathoracic) * If > 50% of thyroid tissue is located below the opening of thoracic cage.* Most patients are asymptomatic* Diagnosed incidentally on radiological investigations Signs & Symptoms- MC symptom - Dyspnea (due to compression of trachea), in night- Dysphagia (due to compression of esophagus)- Hoarseness of voice (due to compression of Recurrent laryngeal nerve)- Dilated veins over Anterior chest wall.- PEMBEON sign- positive* If bilateral upper limb elevated above forehead, facial puffiness and facialcongestion seen Treatment- Thyroidectomy by cervical incision Thyroidectomy is indicated for retrosternal goitre for patients with clinical symptoms (stridor or dysphagia) and/or radiological evidence of significant tracheal narrowing, oesophageal compression or SVC syndrome. - Radioisotopes used* T1/2 of I 123 - 13 hours (shoer fall life) - so used for diagnostic purposes (RAI SCAN)* T1/2 of I 131 - 8 days (Longer half-life) - so used for therapeutic purposes (RAI ABLATION). Radio Active Iodine Ablation- I131 emits beta- rays (90%) and gamma- rays (10%)- Beta rays are responsible for Therapeutic effects (ablation)- Depth of penetration of beta rays - 0.5 mm (Ablates only thyroid, even parathyroid are safe)- Gamma rays are responsible for side effects- Gamma rays are used in Tracer studies - Gamma probe can be used for identifying the area that emits gamma rays. So, useful in Radioactive Iodine scan - Absolute contraindication of RAI Ablation (because gamma rays are emitted)* Pregnancy* Lactation [/INST] question: A 50 year old male comes with c/o easy fatiguability, dyspnea & neck swelling. On examination, he demonstrates the following sign. What is the appropriate of this condition? | options: A: Surgery transthoracic approach B: Radioactive iodine ablation C: Surgery transcervical approach D: Levothyroxine to suppress TSH | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870,it was experiencing an economic boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people. Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known an the tango came into being.
At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there many fewer women the men, so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.
In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning. This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters. After tango dances from Argentina arrive in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.
The popularity of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America. It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act an a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea. [/INST] question: The origin of the tango is associated with _ . | options: A: Belly dances B: American soldiers C: Spanish city D: the capital of Argentina | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Bleeding is less when patient is placed in this position. This position is most commonly utilized for posterior fossa surgery and cervical laminectomy. Benefits: This position provides optimal surgical exposure for posterior fossa surgery because tissue retraction and risks of cranial nerve damage are reduced, cerebral venous drainage is improved and bleeding is less. The patient's airway is accessible to the anesthesiologist. Risks: Venous air embolism (VAE), paradoxical air embolism, bradycardia or cardiac arrest due to brain stem manipulations can occur. Macroglossia, upper airway obstruction, pneumocephalus, subdural hematoma, and quadriplegia have also been repoed. Despite well described risks involved with the sitting position, there is no evidence of increased moality rate. Relative contraindications to the sitting position include: open ventriculoatrial shunt, signs of cerebral ischemia when upright and awake, right-to-left shunt as with patent foramen ovale, and cardiac instability. venous air embolism in sitting craniotomy incidence highest 20-40% Hemodynamics and Ventilation. The classic sitting position causes postural hypotension in about 1/3 of patients, and 2-5% of patients suffer severe hypotension (decrease in blood pressure more than by half from baseline). The major hemodynamic consequence is decrease in venous return, leading to decrease in cardiac output and hypotension. Therefore, hemodynamic instability and cardiac disease are relative contraindications for prone positioning. Wrapping of the legs with elastic bandages (e.g. ACE bandage) prevents pooling of blood in the lower extremities and should be applied in every case. Ventilation in sitting position is improved compared to the supine position due to downward shift of the diaphragm, which decreases intraabdominal pressure, improves ventilation of the dependent zones, and decreases ventilation-perfusion mismatch. However, low perfusion pressure secondary to decreased venous return may affect oxygenation. Therefore, preventing hypovolemia and maintaining normal pulmonary perfusion pressure are crucial for maintaining an adequate oxygen delivery in sitting position. Venous Air Embolism (VAE) The mechanisms of VAE include negative venous pressure and exposure of veins and bony venous sinuses to air. When the site of surgery is exposed to air and located above the level of the hea, air may be entrained in the veins and bony venous sinuses, and air may enter the pulmonary circulation. A large VAE may decrease cardiac output by creating an airlock and decreasing left ventricular output. The incidence of VAE in sitting position may approximate 20-50% when precordial Doppler monitoring is used for detection and 76% with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used for detection. Patent foramen ovale should be excluded before every case as it is a source of paradoxical air embolism. Therefore, preoperative "bubble test" in awake patients using TEE or transthoracic echocardiography is advocated by some authors if the sitting position is considered. In addition to standard monitoring, precordial transthoracic Doppler is recommended for early detection of VAE. Although TEE is more sensitive in detecting VAE, precordial Doppler is inexpensive, readily available, easy to use, and noninvasive. Optimal placement of the precordial probe should be guided by the recognizing the highest pitch over the right upper sternal border with the intravenous injection of agitated saline. When precordial Doppler or TEE are unavailable, VAE should be considered when end tidal CO2 suddenly decreases in the presence of hypotension, not explained by other causes. An atrial catheter (multiorifice or single orifice) placed at the high level of the right atrium may be helpful for air aspiration. Correct positioning may be verified using intravenous electrocardiography, chest radiography, or TEE. However, the therapeutic value of the right atrial catheter may be limited. The most impoant treatment for VAE include irrigation of the surgical site with saline, rescue head-down tilt or left lateral positioning, and cardiovascular suppo with administration of inotropes. Other Complications The incidence of postoperative pneumocephalus in sitting position may reach 100% , and may be due to negative cerebral spinal fluid pressure and/or residual air during closure of the dura. Therefore, nitrous oxide should be discontinued 20-30 minutes before completion of the procedure. However, pneumocephalus can develop even without the use of nitrous oxide and may persist for weeks after surgery. Life-threatening tension pneumocephalus is rare (3%). Quadriplegia is a rare but devastating complication and results from cervical spine ischemia with neck and head hyperflexion. Elderly patients with cervical spine deformities and vascular pathologies have higher risk. During positioning, sufficient distance between chin and neck (at least 2 finger-breadth) is recommended to avoid neck hyperflexion. [/INST] question: Which is not a complication in surgery in sitting position? | options: A: Venous air embolism B: Hemorrhage C: Pneumocephalus D: Tongue edema | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Puerperal Blues/3 Days Blues/Baby Blues
It is transient state of mental illness observed 4–5 days after delivery in nearly 50% of postpartum women.
Postpartum blues occurs at the height of hormonal changes.
Patients present with depression, anxiety, fearfulness, insomnia, helplessness and negative feelings towards infant.
It may last from a few days to 2–3 weeks.
Generally self limited, 20% of women may develop depression in the first postpartum year.
Treatment: Reassurance and psychological support of family members.
Post-partum Depression
It is observed in 10-20% of mothers.
It is more gradual in onset over the first 4-6 months following delivery or abortion.
Changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis may be a cause.
Manifested by loss of energy and appetite, insomnia, social withdrawal, irritability and even suicidal attitude.
Risk of recurrence 50-100% in subsequent pregnancies.
Treatment: Should be started early. Fluoxetine or paroxetine is effective and has fewer side effects. According to kaplan, the cause of postpartum blues is :
“The sudden decrease in estrogen and progesterone immediately after delivery may also contribute to the disorder, but treatment with these hormones are not effective.” [/INST] question: The cause of 'postpartum blues' is: | options: A: Decreased estrogen B: Decreased progesterone C: Increased prolactin D: Decreased estrogen and progesterone | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: When we think of leadership ,we often think of strength and power .But what are these really ,and how do they operate?
Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things .If this is even possible .it is short-term ,and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must , but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term ,They will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down , making the person unable to function at his or her best .If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you ,and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot .but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively .Fear has no place in leadership.
The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion .We can order someone to do something ,which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level ,so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation . Today's work place is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker .Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like .Leaders understand the way things work .They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence---knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others . Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you , which is the key to the leadership skills . [/INST] question: Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader's ability to _ | options: A: provide a variety of project for employees B: help raise employee's living standards C: give employees specific instructions D: deal wisely with employees' emotions | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) produce a disease very similar to shigellosis. The disease occurs most commonly in children in developing countries and in travelers to these countries. Similar to Shigella, EIEC strains are nonlactose or late lactose fermenters and are nonmotile. EIEC produce disease by invading intestinal mucosal epithelial cells.
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) causes acute and chronic diarrhea (>14 days in duration) in persons in developing countries. These organisms also are the cause of foodborne illnesses in industrialized countries and have been associated with traveler’s diarrhea and persistent diarrhea in patients with HIV. They are characterized by their specific patterns of adherence to human cells.
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are named for the cytotoxic toxins they produce. STEC has been associated with mild non-bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, a severe form of diarrhea, and with hemolytic uremic syndrome, a disease resulting in acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
C. difficile can be isolated from stool culture in 30% of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and over 90% of those with pseudomembranous colitis, but also from 5% of healthy adults and up to 20% of elderly patients in residential care. The rectal appearances at sigmoidoscopy may be characteristic, with erythema, white plaques or an adherent pseudomembrane or may resemble ulcerative colitis. [/INST] question: A 60 year old female patient complains of diarrhoea and abdominal pain. She was on antibiotic therapy earlier which comprised of Clindamycin. She is a diabetic and is on oral hypoglycemic. Stool culture revealed gram positive motile rods. The colonoscopy is done of this patient and the typical structure is revealed. Which of the following microbe is responsible for this? | options: A: Clostridium difficile B: Enteroinvasive E. coli C: Enteroaggregative E. coli D: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Romanowsky dyes are used for staining blood films. They are made up of combination of acid and basic dyes. The nucleus and neutrophilic granules are basophilic and stains blue. Hemoglobin is acidophilic and stains red.
Various modifications available are Leishman’s stain, Wright’s stain, Giemsa and Jenner’s stain.
Basophilic stippling, Howell-Jolly body and Cabot rings are seen by Romanowsky stain.
Basophilic stippling: These are small blue or black granules in red cells seen in megaloblastic anemia, heavy metal poisonings, etc.
Howell-Jolly Body: These are remnants of the nucleus seen as small, round dark blue particles near the periphery of the cells; found in postsplenectomy, asplenia and severe hemolytic anemia.
Cabot ring: These are pale staining nuclear remnants in the form of rings or figure of eight seen in hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, leukemia and after splenectomy. These are arginine rich and acidophilic.
Heinz bodies are denatured hemoglobin which does not stained with Romanowsky stain. It is demonstrated by supravital stains such as crystal violets. Reticulocytes also require Supravital staining. [/INST] question: Which of these are seen on Romanowsky stain -a) Reticulocytesb) Basophilic stipplingc) Heinz bodiesd) Howell-Jolly bodiese) Cabot ring | options: A: abcd B: bcde C: acde D: abde | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: BEIJING--- A series of earthquakes shook two rural provinces in southwest China on Friday, killing at least 80 people and damaging 20,000 homes, a provincial official said.
The _ hit Yunnan and adjoining Guizhou provinces, both rice-growing areas. The magnitude of the earthquakes ranged from 4.8 to 5.8 , according to Qiu Yu, an official at the Yunnan Provincial Civil Affair Bureau. The web site of the provincial Yunnan government said more than 100,000 people had been evacuated from their homes in Yunnan, a province known for its scenic beauty and ethnic diversity.
In the town of Luozehe, a rice-and tobacco-growing area in northeastern Yunnan, 31 people were killed, Mr. Qiu said. The earthquake was so violent that rocks from landslides crushed cars in Luozehe,. A water company worker, Tan Xuewen, said in an interview. "Suddenly we felt the strong earthquake," Mr. Tan said. "Huge rocks fell off the mountain. I immediately took an old person and began to run."
The local government authorities ordered people out of their homes that are spread across the hills of a mountain valley, and told them to gather in public square.
At the tiny primary school in Luozehe, the teacher, Ma Decai, said his 11 students aged 9 to 12 were eating lunch in the dining room when the earthquake hit. "Dirt dropped from the ceiling into our bowls and cooking pots," Mr. Ma said. "The students abandoned their meal and ran out of the room." As he tried to prepare a new lunch for the students, aftershocks struck the building. Large cracks appeared in the mud and stone schoolhouse, and the toilet collapsed.
In neighboring Guizhou Province, authorities said they knew of no casualties. But homes in rural Guizhou often built of wood and mud are usually constructed on hillsides, and provincial authorities there said some homes had been damaged or destroyed. Tents, blankets and coats were being sent to the region, the official Xinhua news agency said. [/INST] question: The earthquake may happen _ . | options: A: at night B: in the evening C: at noon D: on holiday | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A primary school bus driver stopped the bus in a gas station in Ohio because he had to use the bathroom. Instead of turning off the engine and taking the key with him, the driver left the bus running. And he forgot to set the brake because he was in a hurry. "It was cold outside, and I didn't want the kids to get cold while I was using the bathroom," he told a police officer.
The bus slowly started moving away from the gas station. As the bus picked up speed, the kids began shouting and crying. Ten-year-old Jake ran forward to the driver's seat and held the steering wheel . He pressed hard on the brake pedal and managed to stop the bus as it came nearer to a river bed. Jake turned off the engine at last. After the police arrived at the scene, they praised Jake for his great effort.
"That is one cool kid," said the police officer. "I told him he would make a great police officer when he grew up."
Jake wasn't impressed with what he had done. "Stopping the bus," he said, "was easy compared to playing Grand Theft Auto III," his favorite action video game. The bus driver was taken to the police station. He was at first charged with "leaving a child alone while motor is running." The lawyer said he hoped to _ the charge because of the number of children (twenty) on the bus.
"Whatever he is charged with," the police officer said, "I will see that he never drives a bus again." [/INST] question: Why didn't the driver turn off the engine when he went to the bathroom? Because _ . | options: A: he was in a hurry B: he forgot to do it C: he didn't want the kids to get cold D: he thought he would be back in a minute | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Chondroma (enchondroma) Vs Chondrosarcoma
The term chondroma is used for benign neoplasm composed of cartilage. It is of two types : -
Enchondroma: - Cartilage tumors occurring within the bone.
Periosteal chondroma: - Cartilage tumors occurring on the surface of the bone.
Chondrosarcoma is the malignant tumor of cartilage.
Growth potential of chondroma is limited and mostly remain stable, but they have the potential to undergo malignant (sarcomatous) change to become chondrosarcoma. In fact, enchondromas are considered to be a low-grade chondrosarcoma.
A painful chondroid neoplasm in a large bone in an adult patient can be either enchondroma or chondrosarcoma.
The differentiation between a low-grade chondrosarcoma and an enchondroma can be difficult.
To make a distinction between these two neoplasms, one has to make use of -
Cytological changes
Myxoid quality of stroma
Permeative characteristics
Among this permeation, manifested as marrow spaces filled with the neoplasm and entrapment of pre existing bony trabeculae is the most imp consistent feature of malignancy. [/INST] question: A 50-year-old lady presented with a 3-month history of pain in the lower third of the right thigh. There was no local swelling; tenderness was present on deep pressure. Plain X-rays showed an ill-defined intra medullary lesion with blotchy calcification at the lower end of the right femoral diaphysis, possibly enchondroma or chondrosarcoma. Sections showed a cartilaginous tumor. Which of the following histological features (if seen) would be most helpful to differentiate the two tumours? | options: A: Focal necrosis and lobulation B: Tumor permeation between bone trabeculae at periphery C: Extensive myxoid change D: High cellularity | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A baby carrier is like a backpack for carrying a baby. Ann Moore introduced the idea of a baby carrier to American people nearly 50 years ago.
Ann spent two years in Africa in the early 1960s. She worked as a nurse there. Ann saw babies wrapped in bright cloth tied to their mothers' backs. The babies snuggled close to their mothers, and the mothers could use their hands to do other things.
In 1964, Ann had her own baby. She tried making a carrier like the one African mothers used. The carrier was like a backpack. Everywhere Ann went with her baby in the carrier, people asked, "Where can I buy one?" In 1965, Ann and her mother began to sell handmade carriers. Ann received a patent for the baby carrier in 1969. By that time, the baby carrier had leg holes and straps that could be made longer or shorter. It could also be worn on the back or front.
By 1979, the baby carriers were made in a factory. These baby carriers cost less to make and more than 25,000 were sold every month.
When Ann made her first baby carrier, she just wanted to keep her baby close and still have her hands free to do other things. Now all over the world babies ride in baby carriers, close to their parents, safe and happy.
,. [/INST] question: Ann Moore made her first baby carrier in _ . | options: A: 1964 B: 1965 C: 1969 D: 1979 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: U.S. first lady Michelle Obama and her family have just ended their one-week trip in China. The whole world has paid attention to the two elegant and beautiful first ladies who have made a difference in the relationship between China and the U.S.A.
Mrs. Obama has visited the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, the Terracotta Warriors, and the pandas. She has tasted Peking Duck and experienced some other Chinese traditional culture. It is hoped that this trip to China can bring a real understanding of our eastern world to the first family of the United States.
Today, the number of exchange students between China and the U.S. has reached more than 4 million every year. There are more than 11,000 people traveling to and from each side of the Pacific. If the two countries can increase the exchange in travel, language, cuisine, and cultural understanding, this will help a lot in improving the understanding between the two countries.
Education was an important theme of Mrs. Obama's visit, and it is crucial to the development of Sino-US relationship. China has an ancient tradition of placing a high value on education, and the first lady herself is an outstanding example of a person who changed her own destiny through education. She took education as the key theme of her speech at Peking University, encouraging students from the two countries to learn more about and get wider experience of each other. [/INST] question: Mrs. Obama has visited the following places except _ . | options: A: Terracotta Warriors B: the Forbidden City C: the Great Wall D: the Summer Palace | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The homeless dog, known as Xiao Sa, has been following a team of cyclists for 24 days along 1,833 kilometers of highway from Kangding, Sichuan province, to Lhasa in Tibet.
Nobody knows where the white dog came from or how long she has been straying on highway G318. Netizens call her the "dog with determination" and the micro blog "Go Go Xiao Sa" recording her life has attracted more than 37,000 followers in two weeks.
A picture of Xiao Sa in the arms of a young man in front of the Potala Palace on Thursday night drew more than 4,000 comments congratulating the small dog and expressing dreams of going to Lhasa.
The young man in the picture is Zhang Heng, 22, a student in Wuhan, Hubei province. As his graduation trip, he decided to face the challenge of riding to Lhasa alone. On the way he met a lonely dog. "She was lying, tired, on the street around Yajiang, Sichuan province," he said. "So we fed her, and then she followed our team."
"We felt she might want to come along with us, so we decided to bring her along to the end." A week later, Zhang and his buddies opened a micro blog account for her. "We thought the dog was encouraging us, and wanted others to know its story," he said. They created the name Xiao Sa by combining xiao meaning "little" with the last syllable of Lhasa.
During their journey, Xiao Sa, Zhang and his team covered more than 1,700 kilometers and climbed 10 mountains higher than 4,000 meters. Xiao Sa just ran up the mountains or along dirt roads.
"Many people stopped cycling in some sections, then took the bus, but the dog made it," he said. Zhang put the dog on the back of the bike when the team was riding downhill. "The speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, impossible for the dog to catch us."
Zhang Heng, who accompanied Xiao Sa for 20 days, called her "a buddy and a friend". "I would like to take the dog home and take care of her. She has been a stray on the road for a long time. She needs a home." [/INST] question: How did the netizens feel when they read the micro blog related to the dog? | options: A: inspired B: sympathetic C: pitiful D: unbelievable | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Refer Robbins page no 8th/790 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are generally CD117-positive and KIT or PDGFRA mutation-driven mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, probably originating in interstitial cells of Cajal or related precursors. CD117 is the best diagnostic marker for GISTs, but 5-10% are negative. Staining pattern may be cytoplasmic, membrane, and paranuclear (Golgi pattern). PDGFRA expression can be located in the cytoplasm, membrane, and paranuclear region (Golgi pattern), but the lack of specificity, ubiquity of the staining, and technical problems have pushed it a second plane. In GISTs, the staining pattern of PKCO is cytoplasmic, diffuse, and granular, although a Golgi pattern may be seen. Global expression varies. The staining pattern of DOG1 varies from cytoplasmic to membranous, with usually strong, diffuse intensity. The positivity rate is almost identical in some series to CD117 positivity. Currently, it is considered the most specific and sensitive marker for GIST. The current panel for GIST includes CD117, smooth muscle actin, CD34, desmin, and S-100. Some authors also include PDGFRA, PKC0, and DOG1. The last two can be of value in a subset of GISTs, mainly in CD117-negative cases. [/INST] question: Which one of the following condition is specific marker of GIST | options: A: CD117 B: CD34 C: CD23 D: S-100 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: China Merchants Bank Co Ltd has teamed up with ride-hailing major Didi Kuaidi to provide automobile financing and expand its reach in China's booming mobile payment industry.
The two have inked a comprehensive partnership, which includes a strategic investment by the former in the latter. Under the partnership, CMB will become the first bricks-and-mortar bank that can offer in-app credit card payments to Didi users. At present, users of Didi can only choose third-party payment solutions like WeChat Payment and Alipay to pay cab fares.
Zhao Ju, vice-president of CMB, said the cooperation with Didi was an important step in its mobile Internet finance strategy. "CMB's mobile payment is going to enter a new chapter by leveraging Didi Kuaidi's vast user base," he said.
According to a report by China Internet Network Information Center earlier this month, Didi holds 87.2 percent of China's private car hailing market. The company said it has received 1.43 billion car-hailing requests on its platforms in 2015, which means 1.43 billion payments were made via smartphones.
CMB is expected to use Didi to reach the core users of China's mobile payment market. Jean Liu, president of Didi, said many of the expats prefer payment by credit card rather than Alipay or WeChat. "The new partnership will help improve service quality and customer loyalty," she said. The investment makes CMB part of Didi's existing investors, including Tencent Holdings Ltd, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd and China Investment Corporation. Both of the companies declined to reveal the actual amount of the investment.
Liu, who showed up on Tuesday for the first time in public after her treatment for breast cancer, said the cooperation with CMB is for the long run and "the capital investment is only part of it".
Under the partnership, CMB and Didi will cooperate on a wide range of initiatives on financial services and online-to-offline cooperation. Apart from the in-app credit card payments, the two companies are going to launch joint credit cards in late February and automobile financing services for Didi's car owners. CMB's branches across China are expected to help Didi recruit more drivers.
"There is a lot of room for imagination in our partnership," Li said, adding in future people may use their CMB credit card reward points to pay for the ride on Didi.
Li Chao, an analyst with iResearch Consulting Group, said the partnership may not significantly boost CMB's mobile payment business. "Didi has educated the market for three years and its customers have formed the habit of paying by WeChat or Alipay. So I think CMB can only turn a very smart proportion of Didi users into its payment customer," he said. "But the move shows that China's traditional banking industry is finally thinking out of the box and looking for outside partners in Internet finance competition," he said.
Statistics from Big-Data Research showed that more than 90 percent of China's 9.3 trillion yuan ($1.41 trillion) worth of third party mobile payment market is donated by Alibaba and Tencent. [/INST] question: Which of the following sentences is true about Didi Kuaidi ? | options: A: The users of Didi can pay cab fare in cash B: At present, Didi holds the largest market of China's private car hailing business C: With several years of development, the users of Didi have abandoned the third-party payment D: CMB will become the most important investor of Didi | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Bad Hobbies
It's easier to walk downhill than to climb uphill. So it is easier to fall into bad habits than into good ones. Bad habits do not form suddenly. They form little by little, so you don't realize their danger. Schoolboys and schoolgirls first pick up little bad habits at school or on the streets. When they cannot do their homework, they copy from their classmates. If they see bigger boys or girls smoking, they also want to learn to smoke. If they see their friends gambling ,they want to gamble. When they get older, the habits become stronger and stronger. Then they can no longer give them up. From copying, they learn to steal; from gambling, they learn to cheat. At last, no one believes in them. It is very important to stop bad habits as soon as they begin!
My son is eight years old. He is now in Grade Three. When he was five, he started school. Every evening we have homework battles. Three afternoons a week he has activities after school. By the time we get home, homework is the last thing he feels like doing. The other two afternoon, he gets home early and we argue about whether he should do his homework straight away, or if he should have some time to rest and play first. When my son finally sits down to do his homework, he seems to want me there helping him all the time. I do want to help him, but I am sure that he can do it by himself. In fact, I often end up telling him the answers to most of his homework. He has fallen into the habit of depending on me to do this. He never wants to use his own brain.
My wife and I have given up all our outdoor activities. We sit with him when he does his homework. We want to train him form some good learning habits. But what should we do? [/INST] question: Bad habit form _ . | options: A: suddenly B: little by little C: very quickly D: very happily | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: <p>In patients with sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis and fungal infections, excess 1,25(OH) 2 D is synthesized in macrophages or other cells in the granulomas.Indeed, increased 1,25(OH) 2 D levels have been repoed in anephric patients with sarcoidosis and hypercalcemia. Macrophages obtained from granulomatous tissue conve 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH) 2 D at an increased rate. There is a positive correlation in patients with sarcoidosis between 25(OH)D levels (reflecting vitamin D intake) and the circulating concentrations of 1,25(OH) 2 D, whereas normally there is no increase in 1,25(OH) 2 D with increasing 25(OH) D levels due to multiple feedback controls on renal 1a-hydroxylase . The usual regulation of active metabolite production by calcium and phosphate or by PTH does not operate in these patients. Clearance of 1,25(OH) 2 D from blood may be decreased in sarcoidosis as well. PTH levels are usually low and 1,25(OH) 2 D levels are elevated, but primary hyperparathyroidism and sarcoidosis may coexist in some patients.(harrison 18 pg 3108)</p> [/INST] question: Cause of nephrocalcinosis in granulomatous ds - | options: A: Increased absorption B: Increased conversion to 1,25 OH C: Dystrophic calcification D: Mutation in calcium sensing receptor | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Students who want to study in the United States may find that their chances for financial aid are limited. They often have to pay for their education with their own savings or their family's money.
A recent report from the Institute of International Education in New York looked at 2008-2009 school year.
Colleges and universities in the United States had more than half a million foreign students. 63% of them paid for school mostly by themselves or with family help. 26% percent were supported by the school they attended.
There are other sources of financial aid for international students. These include a student's home government or university, or the United States government. Private sponsors, international organizations and employers may also provide support. Yet during the last school year, not many students were able to depend on any of these other sources. Current employers provided the most help. Still, they represented the main support for just four percent of international students.
Those at the graduate level, however, are more likely than undergraduates to receive financial aid in the United States. More than 80% percent of foreign undergraduates depended mostly on personal and family money to pay for school last year. The same was true of less than half of graduate students. Most of the others received financial aid from their college or university in the United States.
A list of American schools that offer financial aid to foreign students can be found at a useful Web site. The address is edupass.org. This site also provides information about scholarship programs. But it warns foreign students not to pay if there is any charge for scholarship application forms. You could be cheated out of your money. [/INST] question: Most foreign students depend on _ to pay for their education. | options: A: the home universities B: personal or family money C: the American schools D: international organization | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: On Monday, Sept.25, hundreds of people gathered outside the Library of Congress, in Washington D.C., to celebrate public libraries. For more than 100 years, libraries have played an important role in keeping America informed and educated. But how are these book-filled buildings changing with the times? You may be surprised to find out.
Benjamin Franklin famously founded America's first lending library in 1731 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. And the public library system developed greatly in the late 1800's. Businessman Andrew Carnegie donated millions of dollars to help build free public libraries across the country. Between 1886 and 1919, Carnegie's donations helped build 1,679 new libraries!
Carnegie believed in the opportunities that libraries could offer Americans young and old. He knew that the more libraries there were, the more people would have access to books, lectures, news and more. "There are now more public libraries in the United States than McDonald's restaurants," said Clara Hayden, of Baltimore's Enoch Pratt Free Library.
Chances are that there is a public library in or near your community . After all, the United States is home to 9,225 public libraries. Today, libraries continue to develop and grow. Seven out of ten libraries offer free Internet access. This opens any doors for community members who cannot go online at home, including the opportunity to apply for jobs online.
Libraries are also teaching kids about the fun of reading. One new program called Read! Play! ----- combines reading with playtime. As kids listen to a book being read aloud, they use Legos to build images from the story. "Today's libraries are always looking for creative programming to bring people into the library," Lego's Michael McNally said.
Benjamin Franklin once said, "The doors of wisdom are never shut." As long as the doors of public libraries are open, his statement is most certainly true! [/INST] question: Clara Hayden would agree that in America _ . | options: A: you can find public libraries almost everywhere B: there are too many McDonald's restaurants C: restaurants are as important as libraries D: it is convenient to enjoy meals while reading | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: All four can cause gangrene (Myocardial infarction can cause gangrene by thromboembolism) Lets see, each option one by one. Raynauds disease Is ds of young women* (F:M ratio is 5:1) commonly the upper limbs* are affected specially the fingers (the thumb is generally escaped) The disease is characterized by Raynauds phenomenon* which is a series of attacks of Local syncope - digits become cold and white* Local asphyxia - digits turn blue with burning sensation* Local recovery -digits regain normal colour* Pulses remain unaffected* as this is the disease which affects aerioles With the help of points (a) and (b) Raynauds ds can be ruled out. Atherosclerosis (Senile gangrene) Seen in elderly people over 50 years of age. Thus because of age factor we can rule out atherosclerosis. Myocardial infaction Age factor again helps in ruling it out as MI is generally seen in elderly, though its incidence is increasing in young, but it cannot be a more common cause than Buerger's disease. Buerger's (Thromboangitis obliterans) Usual victims of this ds are young men below 40 yrs of age, who are smokers (ds is not seen in females and nonsmokers). Buerger ds is the inflammatory reaction in the aerial wall with involvement of the neighbouring vein and nerve, terminating in thrombosis of the aery. It characterstically involves small and medium sized aeries (plantars, tibial and radial aery) Both upper and lower extremities are affected. In lower extremity the ds. occurs beyond the popliteal aery. In upper extremity the ds occurs beyond the brachial a. Early in the course of Buergers ds the superficial veins are involved producing the characterstic migratory, recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis. An imp difference with atheroselerosis is that, atherosclerosis is a disease of large sized aeries, buergers is a ds of small aeries. [/INST] question: Most common cause of gangrene of foot of a 30 year old farmers who is a chronic smoker | options: A: Atherosclerosis B: Raynaud's disease C: Thromboangiitis obliterans D: Myocardial infarction | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: blood pressure should be lowered rapidly in patients with hypeensive encephalopathy, there are inherent risks of overly aggressive therapy. In hypeensive individuals, the upper and lower limits of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow are shifted to higher levels of aerial pressure, and rapid lowering of blood pressure to below the lower limit of autoregulation may precipitate cerebral ischemia or infarction as a consequence of decreasedcerebral blood flow. Renal and coronary blood flows also may decrease with overly aggressive acute therapy. The initial goal of therapy is to reduce mean aerial blood pressure by no more than 25% within minutes to 2 h or to a blood pressure in the range of 160/100-110 mmHg. This may be accomplished with IV nitroprusside, a sho-acting vasodilator with a rapid onset of action that allows for minute-to-minute control of blood pressure. Parenteral labetalol and nicardipine are also effective agents for the treatment of hypeensive encephalopathy. ref:Harrison&;s principles of internal medicine,ed 18,pg no 2059 [/INST] question: Qukk Reduction of blood pressure is done in - | options: A: Cerebral infarct B: Hypeensive encephalopathy C: Myocardial infarction D: Any patient with hypeension | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In recent years, especially during the l960s, there was much discussion about "the brain drain (, )," which dealt with the problem of students and learned people who left their own countries for other countries that offered better chances for study, research, and employment.For example, according to a report from U.N., between 1962 and l966 more than 50 percent of all engineering graduates of Iran and 14 percent of Iranian scientists left their country for work abroad.Over 30 percent of Chilean engineers and 15 percent of Turkish physicians also went to work in other countries.Probably the greatest brain drain occurred among young scientists who had gone abroad to study.Many of them had planned to return to their countries to teach but chose to remain in more industrialized nations where they were able to continue their work and their research in fields in which there were no job possibilities at home.The countries that attracted most of these scientists were the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, and Australia.
Recent studies show that the brain drain to the United States may be decreasing.Many foreign scientists are going home again, and in some cases American scientists are leaving the United States for employment in other countries.The main reasons are that good jobs are becoming fewer here, money for national research has been sharply cut, and university fellowships reduced too.However, in the field of medicine the drain to the United States still goes on.Today more than one of every five American doctors is foreign - born, and several thousand foreign doctors immigrate to the United States each year.Over eighty countries have asked the State Department to send students who are skilled in important fields such as medicine back home when their study programs are over. [/INST] question: Which of the following is not the reason for "the brain drain"? | options: A: Good housing B: Better research condition C: Good job possibility D: Better chances of study | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Giant hemangioma Kasabach-Merritt syndrome : The combination of hemangioma, thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy is termed Kasabach Merritt syndrome. The primary abnormalities in these patients is hemangioma The hemangiomas seen in these lesions are quiet large and causes platelet consumption, activation of coagulation and microangiopaihic red cell destruction. The bleeding diathesis is mainly localized in the large hemangiomas ("sequestered"or localized intravascular coagulation but laboratory evidence of DIC in the general circulation is also definitely present). The severity and the incidence of DIC tends to parallel the size of vascular tumours but remember that thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy are not seen in all hemangiomas and size alone does not determine which hemangiomas are associated with thrombocytopenia and coagulopathies. Recurrent bleeding from the surface of the tumour is the major hemorrhagic manifestation. Periodic swelling of the lesion is often observed. This phenomenon may be a consequence of intermittent obstruction of blood outflow from the hemangioma. Treatment Surgical removal is the best treatment Interferon [/INST] question: Kasabaach Merrit Syndrome is associated with: | options: A: Giant hemangiorna B: Large aneurysm of aoa C: Giant Thrombocytes D: A-V malformation | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Sydney Opera House is a very famous building in the world. It has become Sydney's best-known landmark and international symbol. The Opera House with a " sailing roof" was designed by a famous Danish architect ,Utzon. The base for the building was started in 1959, years before the designs were finished. Utzon spent four years designing the Opera House. In 1962, the designs were finalized and the construction began. In 1967, they started the decoration inside. It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened it on October 20th, 1973.
The Sydney Opera House cost around $100 million and was paid for by the public 6,225 square meters of glass was used to build it. The Opera House includes 1,000 rooms. It is 185 meters long and 120 meters wide. The building's roof sections weigh about 15 tons. Each year, this fantastic building attracts 200,000 tourists to come for a visit or enjoy events in it.
The Opera House reaches out into the harbour . It is amazing and unforgettable, offering people a strong sense of beauty. [/INST] question: The designer of the Sydney Opera House was from _ . | options: A: America B: Australia C: England D: Denmark | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Do you know what Oscar is? When did it start? Maybe you can find the background of the awards in the following passage.
The awards started in 1929. Their full title is "The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Awards". The Academy is a group of people who have worked in the film industry for many years. They decide who will receive the awards. The awards are often referred to as the "Oscar". This is a nickname given to the awards by a lady called Margaret Herrick. She was once the director of the Academy and she once said that the little gold statue reminded her of her uncle Oscar!
The Oscar is always an exciting event. Each year, at least one unusual thing happens. When the Italian actor and director Roberto Benigni won an Oscar for best foreign film, he danced on stage! When Gwyneth Paltrow, the star of Shakespeare in Love won the Oscar for best actress, she could not make her acceptance speech because she was crying so much with happiness!
In 1987, Roberto Benigni won the award for best director for a film about the last emperor of China. Since then, Chinese film and actors have started to make an impact at the award. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was a huge success and it won the award for best foreign language film in 2001. It also won several technical awards for its amazing "flying" people. We expect to see more awards for Chinese film in the near future.
It's time for the Oscar again. Once more, the stars will dress up in their finest and go to Kodak Theater. There, they will find out who had won the awards for best actor, best actress and best director. Millions of people watch the awards every year to find out who the winners are. Some people watch it to see the stars crying and laughing as they receive their awards. [/INST] question: Who give the awards? | options: A: In 1927 B: Oscar C: The Academy of Nicknames D: A group of people who have worked in the film industry for many years | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Iceland has energy to spare, and the small country has found a cutting-edge way to reduce its oil dependency. Volcanoes formed the island nation out of ash and lava , which heat huge underground lakes to the boiling point. The hot water is piped into cities providing heat for homes, businesses and even swimming pools. The water runs through turbines , providing all the country's electricity.
prefix = st1 /Icelandwants to make plans to improve its cars, buses and trucks to run on renewable energy. Iceland has already started by turning water into fuel ----hydrogen fuel. Here's how it works: Electrodes change the water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules . Hydrogen electrons pass through a conductor that creates the current to power an electric engine.
Hydrogen fuel now costs two to three times as much as gasoline, but gets up to three times the distance than gas, making the overall cost about the same. As an added benefit, there is no carbon ----only water steam.
In the capital,Reykjavik, they are already testing three hydrogen-powered electric buses. The drivers are impressed. "I like these buses better because with hydrogen you get no pollution," said bus driver Rognvaldur Jonatanison. By the middle of this century, all Icelanders will be required to run their cars only on hydrogen fuel, meaning no more gasoline.
"If we make hydrogen and use that as a fuel for transportation then we can run the whole society on our own local renewable energy sources,"said Marie Mack. Icelanders are showing the world that by making fuel from water, it is possible to kick the oil habit. [/INST] question: The cars with hydrogen as fuel _ . | options: A: are environmentally friendly B: are cheaper C: run much faster D: will make useful steam | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Back in time, dog sledding was the only method of transportation in frozen parts of the world. You, too, can participate in this time-honored tradition after looking into dog sledding adventures and tours.
Alaska Dog Sledding
It offers two dog sledding tours in Alaska, the Golsovia Dog Trip and the Iditarod Dog Trip. On both trips, you will learn how to drive your own dog team. The Golsovia Dog Trip lasts six days. The Iditarod Dog Trip is held just before the internationally famous Iditarod race so that participants will be able to attend the Iditarod events. For more information, please see: Alaska Dog Sledding
Greenland Expedition Specialists
Travel through the shining ice and snow on the land of East Greenland via dog sledding. During this dog sledding vacation, you will be camping during the cold of winter and will take part in caring for the dogs and the camps. They also organize and guide kiting trips, sea kayaking trips and mountaineering vacations. For more information, please email: info@ expedition-greeland. com
VICAAR
Have you ever really wanted to see the North Pole? You can do it by dog sled. VICAAR offers two types of dog sledding trips to the North Pole. You should pay for clothing on the trip, permit of your North Pole visit, travel to the center of VICAAR, and more. But the cost of equipment is offered free. This trip is not for those who do not care for challenging conditions and exercise. VICAAR also offers other types of trips to both the North and South Poles. For more information, please see: VICAAR
Panoramic Journey
Travel to the Terelj National Park in Central Mongolia and live with local people during your dog sledding adventure. Along the way, see wolf, deer and other wildlife of the area. Panoramic Journey also offers an extreme dog sledding adventure that will take you to the outside of Siberia. Panoramic Journey offers horseback trips as well as dog sledding adventures to exotic locations in Mongolia and tours of Bhutan. For more information, please see: Panoramic Journey [/INST] question: If you want to participate in a kiting trip, you should contact _ . | options: A: Panoramic Journey B: VICAAR C: Alaska Dog Sledding D: Greenland Expedition Specialists | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It's hard to be the bearer of bad news,but most of IKEA's print and digital fascinating shots of picturesque rooms and products are fake.Those beautiful,"natural-looking" photos of gorgeous rooms and kitchens are mostly the work of computer magic,adjusted and corrected until they're picture-perfect.
Martin Enthed,IT manager for IKEA's in-house communications agency,revealed,"In 2012,12 per cent of its product and concept images was CGI-rendered,increasing to 25 per cent in 2013.Since then,that percentage of rendered images appearing in the company's catalogue and online has tripled.75 per cent of the furniture company's product images today are created by computers."
It's a move that first caught the attention of photographers and graphic designers a few years back when the furniture giant announced it would cancel photoshoots in favor of computer-generated imagery(CGI).
Enthed said IKEA began shifting equipment in 2009 when company officials called in his team and said they weren't pleased with some previous photos and CG images.
"So we looked at all the images they said weren't good and the two of three they said were great,and the ones they didn't like were photography and the good ones were all CG,"Enthed said."Now we only talk about a good or bad image - not what technique created it."
It's a not-so-secret strategy used by top companies specializing in home and furniture design,though many consumers remain oblivious.
The company claims the shift is another way to reduce its environmental footprint,saying constructing digital files produces less waste.It also helps the home furnishing empire's pocketbooks. [/INST] question: What directly led IKEA to adopt CGI on a larger scale? | options: A: The convenience of high technology B: Company officials' reaction to works C: The change in the concept of management D: Development of environmental awareness | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Cardiosplenic syndrome or Heterotaxy Syndrome
Normal arrangement of organs and vessels within the body is called 'Sims solitus Complete reversal of organs and vessels within the body is called "situs invertus". Incomplete reversal/Random reversal of body organs is called "Situs ambiguous".
Heterotaxy refers to the variation in the normal arrangement of organs and vessels within the body.
Visceral heterotaxy (Situs ambiguous) is primarily classified on the bases of the position of spleen which is embryologically destined to be a left sided organ. Other normal assymetrical viscera are placed more or less symmetrically.
Situs ambiguous or situs indeterminus is generally expressed in two major forms based on the position of spleen and whether the body resembles the normal right side or normal left side of the body.
(i) Right isomerism (Asplenia)
The spleen is typically absent and hence either side of midline resembles right side.
Therefore, it is also called bilateral right sidedness.
It is usually associated with severe complex cardiac abnormalities and has poor prognosis.
(ii) Left isomerism (Polysplenia)
There are multiple small spleens placed on either side of midline, therefore, either side of the midline resembles the left (splenic) side.
Thus, it is also called bilateral left sideness.
It is associated with less severe cardiac abnormalities and has relatively better prognosis. [/INST] question: Right Sided Isomerism is associated with: | options: A: Asplenia B: One spleen C: Two spleens D: Polysplenia | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Man Who Never Puts a Foot Wrong
Some people do not like anything to be out of place. They are never late for work; they return their books to the library on time; they remember people's birthdays; they pay their bills as soon as they arrive. Mr. Dodds is such a person.
Mr. Dodds works in a bank, and lives on his own. The only family he has is in the next town: his sister lives there with her husband, and her son, Mark. Mr. Dodds does not visit his sister, or her family, from one year to the next, but he sends them Christmas cards, and he has not forgotten one of Mark's seventeen birthdays.
Last week Mr. Dodds had quite a surprise. He drove home from the bank at the usual time, driving neither too slowly nor too fast. He parked his car where he always parked it, out of the way of other cars, and he went inside to make his evening meal. Straight away, there was a knock at the door. Mr. Dodds opened the door to find a policeman standing on the doorstep.
"What have I done wrong?" Mr. Dodds asked himself. "Have I driven on the wrong side of the road? Has there been some trouble at the bank? Have I forgotten to pay an important bill?" "Hello, uncle," said the policeman, "my name is Mark." [/INST] question: "The man who never puts a foot wrong" means a person who . | options: A: does everything carefully B: always walks in a certain way C: never puts a foot into others' places D: likes doing things regularly and following rules | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth. Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own.
* Plant flowers, grass or trees.
*Whenever you visit a park or beach, take away what you bring there----keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it in a dustbin .
*Turn off the lights, TV sets when you leave the room. This saves a lot of electricity.
*Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. You can save some water by not letting it run. Also, use a glass cup instead of a paper cup because this saves paper.
*Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in.
*Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away.
*Give your old clothes to poor children you know instead of throwing them away.
*Use both sides of paper.
*Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or the lakes nearby .
*Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth.
You don't have to wait until Earth Day to do these things. Make every day Earth Day.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. [/INST] question: From the above, we know that this is _ . | options: A: a sign B: a notice C: an advertisement D: a proposal | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Option 1, 4 Food items associated: Diarrheal type - Meat, vegetables, dried beans, cereals. Emetic type - Rice (Chinese fried rice). 1. Bacillus cereus food poisoning is of two types. Emetic type and Diarrheal type abdominal cramps are common features in both. Other features are: a) Emetic Type: History of intake of fried rice from Chinese restaurant 6 hour earlier. Mediated by enterotoxin resembling E. coli stable toxin. On ingestion of the rice, the toxin causes nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps after a sho incubation period of 6 hours. Diarrhea and fever are rare. b) Diarrhoeal type: History of intake of cooked meat and vegetables 8-16 hours earlier. Mediated by enterotoxin resembling E. coli.The symptoms consist of acute abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea; vomiting is rare Option 2, 3 Brucellosisis: Ingestion of raw milk or dairy products. Staphylococcal food poisoning: Most common food items involved are milk products, bakery food, custards, potato salad, or processed meats. BOTULISM:-Food borne botulism occurs due to preformed toxin mixed with canned food. [/INST] question: The food item associated with B.cereus emetic food-type poisoning is: | options: A: Meat B: Milk products C: Canned food D: Fried rice | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: One day, Mr. Arnold was teaching a lesson, and things were going as normally as ever. He was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils. He told them that, in the beginning, men were nomads; they never stayed in the same place for very long. Instead, they would travel about, here and there, in search of food, wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out, they would move off somewhere else.
He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals. This was an important discovery, because by learning to cultivate the land, and care for animals, mankind would always have food steadily available. It also meant that people could remain living in one place, and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to complete, like building towns, cities, and all that were in them. All the children were listening attracted by this story, until Lucy jumped up:
"And if that was so important and improved everything so much, why are we nomads all over again, Mr. Arnold?"
Mr. Arnold didn't know what to say. Lucy was a very intelligent girl. He knew that she lived with her parents in a house, so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?
"We have all become nomads again," continued Lucy, "The other day, outside the city, they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish. It's the same with everyone: when there's no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere, and when the fish run out the fishermen move on. That's what the nomads did, isn't it ?
The teacher nodded, thoughtfully. Really, Lucy was right Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs, we kept developing it until the land was bare. And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized.
The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt, with a message that said " _ "
And , from then on, they set about showing that indeed they were not. Every time they knew they needed something, they made sure that they would get it using care and control. If they needed wood or paper, they would make sure that they got the recycled kind. They ordered their fish from fish farms, making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small. They only used animals that were well cared for, and brought up on farms.
And so, from their little town, those children managed to give up being nomads again, just as prehistoric men had done, so many thousands of years ago. [/INST] question: In the teacher's opinion, Lucy's argument was _ | options: A: shocking B: ridiculous C: puzzling D: reasonable | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In certain countries of the world,the king or queen is still the head country. The UK is one of these countries. So that does the British royal family represent for the British people today? Well,a large number of things. The royal family are of course a part of British history and tradition. They still have an important and meaning for many people today. It just wouldn't feel the same if there were no royal family. In addition to that,the queen has important formal duties:
*as head of the state,the Queen represents the UK on visits other would leaders to visit the UK.
*as head of the armed force,only the Queen can declare when the UK is at war or when the war is over.
*as head of the Church of England.
Not just the Queen,the royal family spend a great deal of their time traveling up and there should be royal family. Sometimes the press and media criticize the royal family as well. One criticism is that the British people should not have to pay for the royal through their taxes. Another is that the Buckingham Palace should be open to the public more often,in order to pay for the building repairs that are necessary. [/INST] question: Today,the British royal still represents _ of the UK. | options: A: the honor and pride B: history and tradition C: function and law D: politics and culture | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Serum bile acid levels Obstetric cholestasis (also known as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy or cholestasis of pregancy) is a liver disease unique to pregnancy which presents with pruritus. Clinical features Obstetric cholestasis most commonly presents in the third trimester (80% develop symptoms after 1st week). The pruritus is often severe and typically the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are involved but the legs, thighs arms, backs, breasts and abdomen are also repoed. The diseaes tends to recur in every pregnancy and so a pa history of the condition is impoant. The disease is more common among multiple gestations. Other signs and symptoms of liver disease are not observed. Additional symptoms which may be repoed in common with other forms of cholestasis are right upper quadrant pain, pale stools and dark urine. Changes in liver function in obstetric cholestasis The most common abnormalities in liver function are - Increase in ALT (seen in 100% cases) - Increase in AST (seen in 99% cases) - Increase in bile acids (seen in 92% cases) - Elevated bilirubin (22% of cases) - Increased GGT (39% cases) Elevations in alkaline phosphatase are seen in cholestatic disease such as obstetric cholestasis as it is released from the damaged liver but because the enzyme is also released from the placenta in normal pregnancies, measurements are less helpful than outside the pregnancy. Serum bile acid test is the most accurate determinant of cholestasis of pregnancy. The problem with the bile acid test is that only a small number of labs around the world have the equipment necessary to perform it which can result in a considerable delay for women experiencing symptoms of the conditions. Liver biopsy in a case of obstetric cholestasis: ? Liver biopsy demonstrates: ? - Acinar cholestasis with centrilobular bile staining and bile plugs in the canaliculi. Liver biopsy is the definitive diagnostic test of the disease. Postnatal course in obstetric cholestasis - Biochemical abnormalities and pruritius in obsetric cholestasis persists until delivery following which resolution occurs. - Pruritus is typically absent within 48 hour after delivery usually improved within 1 week. - Liver function tests becomes normal within 6 weeks. Complications of obstetric cholestasis - Meconium stained liquor - Premature delivery - Fetal distress - Post paum hemorrhage Treatment of obstetric cholestasis : - i) Antihistamines - Chlorpheniramine can provide symptomatic relief in pruritus. ii) Topical treatments - If the skin is well moistured pruritus may be relieved. iii) Ursodeoxycholic acid iv) S-Adenosyl methiomine v) Dexamethasone - Dexamethasone in high dose results in resolution of all pruritus cases and significant reduction in total bile acids and ALT. vi) Vitamin K - In obstetric cholestasis there is malabsorption and subsequent deficiency of vitamin K. This will increase the risk of postpaum hemorrhage. - Vitamin K injection is given to reduce the risk of PPH. [/INST] question: Investigation of choice in cholestasis of pregnancy | options: A: Serum biliruhin levels B: Serum bile acids levels C: Serum alkaline phosphatase levels D: Serum glutathiones transferase levels | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A little old couple walked slowly into McDonald's one cold winter evening. They were so old that they looked out of place amid the young families and young couples eating there that night.
Some of the customers looked admiringly at them. You could tell what the admirers were thinking. "Look, there is a couple who has been through a lot together, probably for 60 years or more!"
The little old man walked right up to the cash register, placed his order with no hesitation and then paid for their meal. The couple took a table near the back wall and started taking food off the tray. There was one hamburger, one order of French fries and one drink. The little old man unwrapped the plain hamburger and carefully cut it in half. He placed one half in front of his wife. Then he carefully counted out the French fries, divided them in two piles and neatly placed one pile in front of his wife. He took a sip of the drink, his wife took a sip and then set the cup down between them.
As the man began to eat his few bites of hamburger the crowd began to get restless. Again you could tell what they were thinking, "That poor old couple. All they can afford is one meal for the two of them."
As the man began to eat his French fries one young man stood and came over to the old couple's table. He politely offered to buy another meal for the old couple to eat. The old man replied that they were just fine. They were used to sharing everything.
Then the crowd noticed that the little old lady hadn't eaten a bite. She just sat there watching her husband eat and occasionally taking turns sipping the drink.
Again the young man came over and begged them to let him buy them something to eat. This time the lady explained that, no, they were used to sharing everything together.
As the little old man finished eating and was wiping his face neatly with a napkin the young man could stand it no longer. Again he came over to their table and offered to buy some food.
After being politely refused again, he finally asked a question of the little old lady. "Ma'am, why aren't you eating? You said that you share everything. What is it that you are waiting for?"
She answered, " The teeth". [/INST] question: Why did some of the customers admire them? | options: A: Because they walked in hand in hand B: Because they come to McDonald's together C: Because they have been together for many years D: Because they come in such a cold winter evening | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Somehow Rey had managed to struggle free from the rope around his neck, after being left to die a slow death as punishment for being a bad Spanish greyhound .
It is believed that 50,000 greyhounds are killed by their owners in prefix = st1 /Spaineach year after they grow too old, or turn out to be too slow to hunt with. Dogs have also been found thrown into wells, burnt alive and even injected with poison.
But Rey's intended fate was, even within the levels of cruelty usually shown to Spanish hunting dogs, especially cruel. The rope around his neck had been set at a height so that his front paws could not touch the ground, meaning that he was intended to stand on his back legs until he was too tired to support himself. When his legs finally became too tired, the rope should have done its work.
"They call it the typewriting death, because the dog's back legs struggled against the ground and make the clicking sound of a typewriter," said Albert Sorde, of the SOS Galgos greyhound rescue group. "It is a punishment for greyhounds that are thought to have made their owners lose face. "
"Rey's throat was severely damaged but we managed to find a vet to operate and, though it was expensive, he survived," he said.
Greyhounds in Spain are used for hunting hares . "The dogs are meant to imitate the swerves of the hares," said Sorde. "Those who don't, and make their owners look bad, are called ' dirty greyhounds' and are most likely to be killed by the typewriter method. " [/INST] question: Rey was intended to be killed by_. | options: A: Kicking B: burying C: hanging D: drowning | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Louie was _ chocolate. He loved having chocolate biscuits for breakfast. He asked his dad to buy all kinds of chocolate cookies for him.
One morning, Louie's big brother, Ben, said to Louie, "You can't live without chocolate, can you?" "Of course I can," said Louie. "But I don't want to." "I bet you anything that you can't live without chocolate for one whole week," said Ben. Louie stopped eating his chocolate cookies and looked at Ben, "You bet anything? Even your new skateboard?" "Why not?" said Ben. "I'm sure you can't last seven whole days." "That's what you think," said Louie. And then he put his chocolate cookies into a box.
Monday was easy for Louie. He had porridge for breakfast. On Tuesday he didn't exchange his yogurt for Anna's chocolate pudding at lunch. On Wednesday he went to Franco's birthday party and didn't eat the chocolate cake. On Thursday, Aunt Irene came to visit with chocolate-chip cookies. "I'm not really hungry," said Louie. On Friday and Saturday Louie didn't exchange his apple juice for Josh's chocolate milk.
Then came Sunday. Louie woke up and found a glass of milk and a pile of chocolate cookies beside his bed. "Go ahead. Enjoy yourself," said Ben. Louie picked up a piece of chocolate cookie, but then he stopped, "I'm thinking how delicious it will taste tomorrow after I ride my new skateboard," said Louie. "Oh, no!" cried Ben. "I was so close!"
,. [/INST] question: What will Louie get if he lives without chocolate for a week? | options: A: A new bike B: A new skateboard C: More chocolate biscuits D: Some chocolate-chip cookies | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Below you will find a selection of helpful books to learn more about effective campaigns and one-to-one permission email marketing and more.
* Advanced Email Marketing
Email is specially brilliant: low cost, high speed, personal, moving , and interactive. But there's a big difference between knowing that email is a powerful marketing tool and proving it. --A1 $15.00
* Sign Me Up!
Imagine it: prospects actually ask you to email your marketing information to them. At a time when people wouldn't give out their email addresses and don't believe most emails, it's harder than ever for ordinary marketers to separate their emails from waste emails.--A2 $13.00
* The Quiet Revolution
A revolution is taking place which will forever change the world of marketing. The strategies and techniques that have served marketers for years will not only decline in effectiveness, but will begin to quietly decline the very brands and the customer relationships that companies have worked so hard to create. --A3 $18.00
* Permission Marketing
Seth Godin, one of the world's foremost online promoters, offers his best advice for advertising in Permission Marketing. Godin argues that business can no longer rely only on traditional forms of "interruption advertising" in magazines and mailings, or radio and television commercials.--A5 $19.05
* TOTAL E-Mail Marketing
Total E-Mail Marketing shows how to run effective e-mail campaigns aimed at both getting and keeping customers. The book covers much more than simply guidelines on e-mail creativity. It explains how to plan and carry out e-mail campaigns which connect with other online and offline communication. --A6 $39.5
* Persuasive Online Copywriting: How to Take Your Words to the Bank
This copy of the book offers the most comprehensive (and immediately usable) information on "how to make your website usable" in the fewest amount of pages possible. --A7 $31.4 [/INST] question: It can be inferred that all the books can be relative to _ . | options: A: agriculture skills B: everyday life C: the Internet D: hotels | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Doppler ultrasound is used to assess the uterine, placental and fetal arterial and venous system.
It is especially relevant in IUGR.
Ratios measured by Doppler:
S/D – Systolic - diastolic ratio or S/D ratio (most commonly)
S-D/S – Resistance index
S-D/Mean – Pulsatility index
Umbilical artery vessels:
Blood flow across the umbilical arteries provides a comprehensive overview of the - fetal blood supply and helps in detecting fetal circulatory compromise.
The systolic component of blood flow reflects the cardiac pump and the diastolic component the distal vascular bed.
In this case the distal vascular bed is the placental villous tree and hence umbilical artery Doppler is actually a placental and not a fetal Doppler.
The umbilical artery is characterised by forward low resistance flow.
As gestation increases, there is gradual fall in all the resistance indices so the amount of forward diastolic flow increases (Remember : Diastolic flow is inversely related to peripheral resistance). systolic/diastolic rates decreases as period of gestation increases. [/INST] question: On doppler the most omnious sign indicating fetal compromise is: | options: A: ↑ pulsatality index in umblical art B: ↑S/D blood flow ratio C: ↑Cerebral arter flow D: Absent diastolic flow | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Grand Opening
Bentwood Truck Museum
Saturday, November 8, at 10:00 A. M.
After eighteen months of hard work by more than 100 volunteers, the Bentwood Truck Museum is ready to open. The old factory had been scheduled to be destroyed. When Roger Haygood heard about the plan to tear down the building, he bought it so that he could store his collection of old trucks there. Then he had the idea of turning the building into a truck museum.
During the past year and a half, the old building has been transformed into a treasure chest of memories. Instead of a dark and dull house, the building has become a cheery, bright home for all kinds of trucks from the past. The museum now houses 68 trucks, and we hope to have even more soon. There is a 1959 school bus, a 1942 bakery truck, and a 1937 fire engine. Our oldest vehicle is a 1919 milk truck. Our newest vehicle is a 1966 tow truck.
You can take a ride on a fire truck, a mail truck, or an ice-cream truck. Rides are $ 2.00, but you can get a ticket for a free ride at any grocery store in Bentwood.
Help us celebrate our grand opening by bringing your family and friends! There is something to interest everyone who attends. The Bentwood Truck Museum is a special piece of our history.
To get to Bentwood Truck Museum, take Route 29 (Kingston Highway) to Palmer Street. Go south on Palmer Street for one block and take a left onto Norman Drive. You will see the museum building and the amusement park on your left. Parking is available across the street, on your right. [/INST] question: Where is Bentwood Truck Museum? | options: A: On Norman Drive B: On Palmer Street C: On Kingston Highway D: On Route 29 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: - PE is a type of Network analysis Management Methods & Techniques: Based on principles of behavioral sciences + quantitative methods. Quantitative Methods: Derived from economics, operation research & budgeting Role in Mx of health services. Network Analysis Graphic plan of all events , activities to be completed, to reach an end objective. Greater discipline in planning. Types (a) PE ; (b) CPM. a. PE sequence of activities in a health programme to plan , schedule , monitor & furnish tamely Repos b. CPM - Critical pathway method (longest path) Systems Analysis Comparision of 2/more cost- effective alternatives in a health program Helps decision maker, to choose an appropriate course of action by investigating problem, searching/evaluating objectives, finding alternative solutions & evaluating them in terms of cost-effectiveness. Input-Output Analysis: It is an economic technique. 'Input' refers to all health service activities which consume resources (manpower, money, materials & time). 'output' refers to such useful outcomes as cases treated, lives saved or inoculations performed. Model Cost-Benefit analysis Output of health program is in monetory terms Cost-Effective analysis Output is in terms of results achieved Cost-Accounting analysis Provide some basic data on cost structure of a health program Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) Allocation of resources to achieve objects in most effective way Work sampling Systematic observation & recording activities of 1/more individuals,done at predetermined / random intervals providing quantitative measurement of various activities. Decision making [/INST] question: PE is a type of:- | options: A: Input output analysis B: System analysis C: Network analysis D: Research technique | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: This fourth of July I moved into a new house with my wife, Nicole. Nicole and I met through a series of _ that would be unlikely without some unbelievable force causing them to happen.
The day Nicole and I met, we talked about the Yankees. In the restaurant where we sat, the first game between the Yanks and Tampa Bay was being shown on television. Nicole was happy I was a baseball fan, and she told me that was an important reason when she considered dating me. "My dad wouldn't like me dating anyone who isn't," she said.
Nicole's dad, Ira, used to be a coach for the Yankees. Many years ago, a colleague of his was leaving and packing up his office. The only thing left unpacked was a photo on the wall. It was a picture of Sparky Lyle, a famous baseball player. Sparky had signed the photo on the bottom.
"You're not taking that?" Ira asked. "You want it?" his colleague offered. "Sure!" Ira said. He jumped at the chance to have a signed photo from a great player who had helped the team win two World Series.
Ira told me the story after the movers had gone. He then said to me, "Adam, when I first learned who was dating my daughter, that photo came into my mind," he said. "But by now, I know for sure you're meant to have it." He then presented me with a box. I tore it open. Inside was the signed photo of Sparky Lyle which I had lost years ago.
"To Adam, Best Wishes, Sparky Lyle". It was picked up by Nicole's dad years before I'd even met her. The perfect gift -- a sign only making me believe what I already knew ... I was meant for Nicole and her family all along. [/INST] question: A big reason why Nicole agreed to be Adam's girlfriend was that _ . | options: A: he was able B: he was a baseball fan C: he got a new house D: they had much in common | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Korean culture is really exciting right now. The Korean Wave is sweeping Asian countries including China. Young people are going crazy about Korean TV dramas, Korean pop songs, taekwondo and the Korean language.
The Korean Wave started a few years ago with the TV series "Winter Sonata". This love story is still popular. People, especially girls, like the beautiful story and handsome actors like Bae Yong Jun .
In the music world, Korean girls are making themselves heard in China. You can often find big Korean names like Baby Vox, S. E. S and Finkle at the top of the Chinese music charts .
The Korean Wave has also made young people want to try the clothes and hairstyles of pop stars, too. Not only that. Now some girls in China are having plastic surgery to change the way they look. People say some beautiful Korean stars have had plastic surgery. These stars don't make plastic surgery look shameful .
Are all the faces of beautiful Korean girls not real? Find out for yourself when you next visit South Korea. [/INST] question: What does the Korea Wave refer to? It refers to _ .. | options: A: Korean TV dramas B: Korean culture C: Korean language D: Korean actors | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Ever since he got into the Hong Kong film industry in 1994 with He's a Woman, She's a Man, Hong Kong director, Peter Chan has been one of the industry's most powerful voices. Later in 1996, another milestone Comrades: Almost a Love Story came into being. Chan's latest film, American Dreams in China is a carefully-calculated film with an eye toward opening the mainland cinema market.
American Dreams in China is a film purely for Chinese audiences, but how it plays there remains to be seen. It sends the right messages, but whether that's enough to make it a hit is everyone's guess. Mainland audiences aren't quite that easy to "speak" to.
The film began during the period of economic reforms in China in the 1980s. The bookish farm boy Cheng Dongqing (Huang Xiaoming), the ambitious and confident boy Meng Xiaojun (Deng Chao) and the poetic Wang Yang(Tong Dawei), were three friends at university in Beijing and preparing for American visa interviews. Wang was the first to be _ the visa but he gave it up for his western girlfriend, and Cheng was repeatedly denied. Only Meng actually got a study visa. As he was leaving, he told his friends that he wouldn't come back.
Several years later, Cheng and Wang built a successful school, New Dream, from the ashes of Cheng's misfortune(his girlfriend got a visa too, and Cheng lost his university teaching job) and Wang's ability to connect with students often through Hollywood movies. In America, Meng suffered a lot. Disappointed, he went home and joined his friends at New Dream. Later, the three friends' relationship became worsened, but finally was improved under the weight of their common goals. [/INST] question: Which of the following films made Peter Chan a most influential director in Hong Kong? | options: A: American Dreams in China B: Comrades: Almost a Love Story C: New Dream D: He's a Woman, She's a Man | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: When Christopher Columbus landed on a land without name in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means "rich coast" in Spanish.
Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country's second most important export.
Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.
Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans. [/INST] question: The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses _ . | options: A: pink and red B: grey and black C: blue and green D: yellow and orange | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It was late, around 10 p.m. A young lady, named Thea, was waiting at the train station. She was waiting for the last train to arrive, when she heard her phone ring. It was her brother. The line was suddenly cut off when she answered, and the phone did not ring again. The lady waited for a call back, but her phone did not ring. She sat on the bench, holding her phone.
She was definitely uneasy. Her mother was very ill and was in hospital. She was looking around, looking for a phone loading station, but since it was already late, the stalls were already closed. She had no choice but to wait till the train came and wait till she got home.
A young lady in her late 20s approached her. She was very sincere. She asked what was wrong. Thea looked at the stranger's eyes and said "nothing". But the other lady was just so sincere and wanted to help.
She took out her cell phone from her shoulder bag and handed it to Thea. The helpful lady said, "Here's my phone; it has extra loads; you can make a call."
"Is it OK? " asked Thea. "Yeah," she said, looking directly into her eyes. Then Thea, in a very shy manner, slowly dialed a number and talked with someone on the phone. A smile was on her face. "Thank you so much; you took my worries away." "You are welcome; I am glad that I can give you a hand. "
In fact, kindness can be shared at any time in any place. [/INST] question: When the phone rang, Thea _ . | options: A: got on the bus B: planned to ask for help C: hung up the call by accident D: was waiting for the train to go home | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A long time ago, there was a seed and because he was only a seed, nobody noticed him. Thus, feeling inferior , the seed gave no importance to his existence .Then one day, a wind picked him up and threw him on an open field under the sun. Later, he was given rain.Years later he saw a traveler sitting by his side. "Thank God for this. I really need some rest," he heard the traveler say."What are you talking about?" the seed quickly asked. He thought the man was making fun of him. No one ever spoke to him like that.
"Who just spoke?" the shocked man asked."It is me. A seed." "A seed?" The man looked at the big tree. "Are you joking? You are not a seed. You are a big tree!"
"Really?"
"Yes! Why do you think people come here?"
What do they come here for?"
"To feel your shade ! Don't tell me you didn't know you had grown over time."
The traveler's words brought him pride.
The seed thought and smiled for the first time in his life. The years of torture by the sun and the rain finally helped him grow up.
"Oh! That means I'm not a little seed anymore! I was actually born to make people feel comfortable. Wow! That's great. [/INST] question: The traveller sat by the seed's side to _ . | options: A: keep off the rain B: take care of it C: have a rest and enjoy the shade D: talk with the big tree | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Metaplasia Normally in bronchi -pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is present. In chronic smoker,Replaced by -stratified squamous epithelium. This type of change in epithelium is called as Metaplasia. *Commonest connective tissue metaplasia is Myositis ossificans. *Metaplasia is a benign, reversible condition. Differentiation The extent to which neoplastic parenchymal cells resemble the corresponding normal parenchymal cells, both morphologically and functionally Lack of differentiation is called Anaplasia (hallmark of malignancy). Features of Anaplasia: Pleomorphism Tumor giant cells Atypical mitoses Loss of polarity Dysplasia Means "disordered growth." Dysplastic cells may exhibit considerable pleomorphism and often contain large hyperchromatic nuclei with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. Carcinoma in situ When dysplastic changes are marked and involve the full thickness of the epithelium But the lesion does not penetrate the basement membrane, it is considered a preinvasive neoplasm Fig:-Caracinoma in Situ A:- (Low power view) Atypical dysplastic cells B:-(High power view) Nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, and Mitotic figures seen [/INST] question: In a chronic smoker, bronchi showed stratified squamous cells with underlying glands. What type of change is this? | options: A: Metaplasia B: Anaplasia C: Dysplasia D: Neoplasia | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.
Room 1
The celebrity footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities' choice of footwear extremely interesting.
Room 2
Most of our visitors are amazed--and shocked--by the collection of "special purpose" shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example, there are Chinese shoes made of silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much!
Room 3
As well as shoes and boots, the museum also exhibits shoeshaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that look like legs!
The Footwear Library
People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear. [/INST] question: Where would you find a famous singer's shoes? | options: A: Room 1 B: Room 2 C: Room 3 D: The Footwear Library | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: An insect bee stands out on the logo of the Scripps National Spelling Bee, despite "Bee" being unrelated to the name of the insect. "Bee" refers to "a gathering", where people join together in an activity.
The National Spelling Bee was formed in 1925 as a collection of many local spelling bees,organized by Louisville. With competitions, cash prizes, and a trip to the nation's capital, it was hoped the Bee would _ "general interest among pupils in a dull subject". Mark Neuhauser won the first National Spelling Bee held that year, by successfully spelling "gladiolus".In 2014,there were two winners of the Bee--a conclusion that has only happened three other times in Bee history, and not since 1962. Sriram Hathwar, a 14yearold from New York and Ansun Sujoe, a 13yearold from Texas shared the excitement as cochampions after 22 rounds of spelling. Each took home over $30,000 in cash, scholarships and bonds.
The Spelling Bee has been held every year except for 19431945 due to World War II.Later, the Scripps Company acquired the rights to the program in 1941. The bee is held in late May or early June of each year.It is open to students who have not yet completed the eighth grade, reached their 15th birthday, nor won a previous National Spelling Bee.Its goal is educational:not only to encourage children to perfect the art of spelling, but also to help enlarge their vocabularies and widen their knowledge of the English language. [/INST] question: When did Mark win the National Spelling Bee? | options: A: In 1925 B: In 1941 C: In 1962 D: In 2014 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Chordoma: This is a locally malignant, sometimes actually malignant tumour supposedly originating from the remnants of notochord. Sacrum and cervical spine are common sites. It presents with a persistent pain and swelling, sometimes with a neurological deficit. Bone destruction is the only hallmark feature of this tumour. Treatment, wherever possible, is complete excision. If complete excision is not possible, radiotherapy is done. Chordoma 1 It is a destructive bone tumor believed to arise from ectopic remnants of notochord/notochord cell rest. 2 Its maximum incidenceis between 50-70 years. 3 It is locally malignant with strong tendency to recur after excision. n Predilection for sacral (50%) and cranial (40%) regions (the extreme ends of the axial skeleton). 4 In sacrum at S4and S5and in cranium basisphenoid (clivus and dorsal aspect of sella) 5 Above sacrum and below C2, chordomas are rare. 6 Radiologically appears as a oval or lobulated well-defined purely lytic mass in midline, which may contain calcification and a soft tissue component. 7 Recurrence rate is high but its metastasis occurs late. 8 Chordoma at the base of skull carries best prognosis [/INST] question: Expansile lytic lesion of sacrum with specks of calcification is suggestive of | options: A: Osteosarcoma B: Secondaries in bone C: Chordoma D: Fibrous histiocytoma | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: "Where there is a will, there is a way." Perhaps not many students can understand this better than 22-year-old Michael Ha. Because of his story of success, he has become an example of young people.
Michael Ha was born in a very poor family. His parents worked in Vietnam before they moved to Britain in 1980. They couldn't find work in Britain because they spoke little English. The whole family had to live on benefits and they lived in a small house in Hackney, a poor area in East London. Growing up is not easy for Michael, but he never gave up.
At the age of ten, he set his heart on going to Cambridge University. It was not easy, either. Michael studied at a school, which used to be called "the worst school in Britain". However, young Michael made his mind to try his best, no matter what kind of school he was studying at. The smart boy studied very hard and did well in every subject at school. Once he made a bet with his friend to learn further math. As a result, after just spending four months teaching himself from a textbook, he got an A in AS-level further math.
Now Michael is the star medical student in John's College, Cambridge and has just won an award for his excellent grades. He hopes he will be an inspiration for other young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. [/INST] question: When was Michael born? | options: A: In 1994 B: in 1980 C: in 1900 D: in 1984 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Cold extremities, high B.P. in upper extremity with marked diminution of pulsations and B.P. in the lower extremity is characteristic of Coarctation of Aorta. More facts about Coarctation of Aorta Most patients are asymptomatic.
Symptomatic patients usually present with following features. Headache dizziness
* Epistaxis* Cold extremities and weakness in legs * Claudication with exercise.
* Hypertension in upper extremities with marked diminution of pulsation in lower extremities.
Mid-systolic or continuous murmur over the anterior part of the chest and back.
* Enlarged and pulsatile collateral vessels in intercostal spaces anteriorly in the axilla or posteriorly in interscapular area.
Upper extremity is more developed than the lower extremity.
* Remember that the Cardiac output responds normally to exercise.
* Most common site* of Coarctation of Aorta is just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery.
If it arises above the subclavian artery, blood pressure elevation is evident only in the right arm.
Bicuspid aortic valve* is the most common abnormality associated with coarctation of Aorta.
Radiography
notching of the inferior surface of ribs*
indentation of the aorta at the site of coarctation and ‘3’ sign* on the para mediastinal shadow.
Complications:
cerebral aneurysm
left ventricular failure*
infective endocarditis [/INST] question: A 4 1/2- year-old girl always had to wear warm socks even is summer season. On physical examination, it was noticed that
she had high blood pressure and her femoral pulse was weak as compared to radial and carotid pulse, a chest radiograph
showed remarkable notching of ribs along with their lower borders. This was due to: | options: A: Coarctation of aorta B: Femoral artery thrombosis C: Raynaud’s disease D: Takayasu’s arteritis | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Let's travel the world together
Nickname: Zaloxx
Email:jdlxx8@yahoo. com
When to travel: Feb 2010-Apr 2010
Self-introduction.. A 40+ male with strong physical and financial abilities. Hope to travel in
India, Singapore and Thailand for business as well as for fun.
My travel plan: Fly to Delhi and spend 3 weeks in India travelling mostly in north. Fly to
Singapore and Thailand for a few business matters and mainly for fun.
Whom I am looking for: A female to travel with me. She should be an attractive 30-40 healthy romantic lady and love travelling and relaxing.
Together for Christmas and New Year?
Nickname: Rue Rose
Email: sofitsao@taishin, com. tw
When to travel: Dec 2010-Jan 2011
Self-introduction: I am a fit, young, looking 40 years old female, who is easy-going, fun to be with.
My travel plan: Would like to go somewhere hot-Cuba, Africa, Morocco, and so on. Perhaps the Christmas and New Year there are more interesting.
Whom I am looking for: A male much with similar interests. A non-smoker and light drinker.
Travel in good company!
Nickname: Louise
Email: misskennedy@hotmail, co. uk
When to travel: Jan 2010
Self-introduction: 40 years old, fun-loving and easy-going.
My travel plan: I need a break and I am open to anywhere.
Whom I am looking for: A male travel companion , 24-40. A non-smoker who enjoys
outside activities. Prefer someone that speaks Spanish.
Need a travel companion in Thailand!
Nickname: Gio
Email: esteban407@yahoo, com
When to travel: Feb 2010-Apr 2010
Self-introduction: I am 28 years old from London. I like to keep fit and enjoy hiking and camping.
My travel plan: I plan to visit Thailand and travel around the country to enjoy nature and the sunshine.
Whom I am looking for: Someone around my age. A male who is willing to have an active holiday. [/INST] question: If the Londoner and his companion travel in March, 2010, they will probably be in | options: A: Cuba B: Singapore C: India D: Thailand | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid:
Accounts for 80% of all thyroid malignancies in iodine-sufficient areas.
MC thyroid cancer in children and individuals exposed to external radiation.
More often in women, 30-40 years.
Pathology:
Grossly: Hard and whitish and remain flat on sectioning with a blade with macroscopic calcification, necrosis, or cystic changes.
Multifocality is common (up to 85% of cases) on microscopic examination.
Multifocality is associated with an increased risk of cervical nodal metastases.
Rarely invade adjacent structures such as the trachea, esophagus, and RLN.
Rarely encapsulated (PCT are seldom encapsulated).
Other variants: Tall cell, insular, columnar, diffuse sclerosing, clear cell, trabecular, and poorly differentiated types; account for about 1%; associated with a worse prognosis.
Histological characteristics of Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid:
Papillary projections: PTC contains branching papillae of cuboidal epithelial cells
Orphan Annie eyed nuclei: The nuclei contain finely dispersed chromatin, which imparts an optically clear or empty appearance, giving rise to term ground glass or Orphan Annie eyed nuclei.
Invaginations of cytoplasm in cross-sections: Intranuclear inclusions (pseudo-inclusion) or intranuclear grooves.
Diagnosis of PTC is based on these nuclear characteristics even in the absence of papillary structures.
Psammoma bodies: Microscopic, calcified deposits representing clumps of sloughed cells.
Clinical Features:
Most patients are euthyroid and present with a slow-growing painless mass in the neck.
Dysphagia, dyspnea and dysphonia are associated with locally advanced invasive disease.
Lymph node metastases are common, especially in children and young adults, and may be the presenting complaint.
“Lateral aberrant thyroid” almost always denotes a cervical lymph node that has been invaded by metastatic cancer.
Distant metastases are uncommon at initial presentation, but may ultimately develop in up to 20% of patients.
The MC sites of metastasis: Lungs >bone >liver >brain.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is established by FNAC of the thyroid mass or lymph node.
Once thyroid cancer is diagnosed on FNAC, a complete neck ultrasound to evaluate the contralateral lobe and for LN metastases in the central and lateral neck compartments.
Treatment: Total or near-total thyroidectomy
During thyroidectomy, enlarged central neck nodes should be removed.
Biopsy-proven lymph node metastases detected clinically or by imaging in the lateral neck in patients with papillary carcinoma are managed with modified radical neck dissection.
Prognosis:
PTC have an excellent prognosis with a >95% 10-year survival rate [/INST] question: A 35-year old female presented with a swelling in the neck for the past 2 months, she had the treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma when she was 22 years with irradiation. On examination, her vitals were normal, there was a single, firm, irregular nodule, moving with deglutition in the left side of midline. Clinical examination also revealed a single node in the left side of the neck. The most likely clinical diagnosis of this condition is: | options: A: Recurrence of lymphoma B: Malignant goiter C: Benign multinodular goiter D: Toxic nodular goiter | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes - abbreted to MELAS - is one of the family of mitochondrial cytopathies, which also include MERRF, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It was first characterized under this name in 1984. A feature of these diseases is that they are caused by defects in the mitochondrial genome which is inherited purely from the female parent. However, it is impoant to know that some of the proteins essential to normal mitochondrial function are produced by the nuclear genome, and are subsequently transpoed to the mitochondria for use. As such, mutations in these proteins can result in mitochondrial disorders, but can be inherited from both male and female parent in the typical fashion. The disease can manifest in both sexes.This condition is inherited in a mitochondrial pattern, which is also known as maternal inheritance and heteroplasmy. This pattern of inheritance applies to genes contained in mitochondrial DNA. Because egg cells, but not sperm cells, contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo, only females pass mitochondrial conditions to their children. Mitochondrial disorders can appear in every generation of a family and can affect both males and females, but fathers do not pass mitochondrial traits to their children. In most cases, people with MELAS inherit an altered mitochondrial gene from their mother. Less commonly, the disorder results from a new mutation in a mitochondrial gene and occurs in people with no family history of MELAS. [/INST] question: Type of inheritance in MELAS - | options: A: AD B: AR C: Mitochondrial D: X-linked | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The above X-ray shows "Steeple Sign" which is characteristic of Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis/CroupCrouprefers to a heterogeneous group of mainly acute and infectious processes that are characterized by Bark-like or brassy cough that may be associated with hoarseness Inspiratory stridor, and Respiratory distress Stridor is usually inspiratory but can be biphasic MC causative Organism - Parainfluenza virus Croup typically affects the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Most patients have rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, mild cough, and low-grade fever for 1-3 days before the signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction become apparent. The child then develops the characteristic barking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor Symptoms are characteristically worse at night and often recur with decreasing intensity for several days and resolve completely within a week. Croup is a clinical diagnosis and must be distinguished from other diagnoses, including foreign body aspiration, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess, angioedema, and subglottic stenosis or hemangioma. The radiographic steeple sign , consisting of progressive narrowing of the subglottic region of the trachea, is characteristic of croup Croup is a disease of the upper airway, and alveolar gas exchange is usually normal. Hypoxia and low oxygen saturation are seen only when complete airway obstruction is imminent. The child who is hypoxic, cyanotic, pale, or obtunded needs immediate airway management. Rx - Suppoive care , including Oxygen Single dose Dexamethasone (Oral/ IM) - Effective in mild cases Moderate to severe disease needs Suppoive care + Single dose Dexamethasone + Nebilized Epinephrine Antibiotics are not recommended as it is a Viral illness [/INST] question: A 2 year child presented with low grade fever and stridor. What is the likely diagnosis? | options: A: Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis B: Acute Epiglottitis C: Foreign Epiglottitis D: Foreign Body aspiration | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Visitors to museums have to pay "voluntary" admission fees, Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, urged yesterday. He said that encouraging visitors to set a value on museums and art galleries, which have been free since 2001, would work extremely well. Mr. Johnson held up New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art as a model. Although New York's museums are officially free, visitors are strongly encouraged to pay a recommended entry fee of $20. At the Met, entry is impossible without first going to the ticket desk.
Mr. Johnson's spokesman later admitted that free admission was a "huge draw" for London, but he said, "Having visited the Met last week, the mayor is impressed by how they maximize voluntary contributions and believes there are lessons to be learnt." Mark Jones, director of the Victoria and Albert Museum, told The Timesthat the museum already requested a PS3 donation but was not as forceful as New York's institutions. He said, "I'm not in favor of anything that makes people feel they won't want to go because they feel like they will have to pay."
When entrance fees to national museums were decided not to be charged here in 2001, there was a 70 percent increase in visitor numbers in the first year. Political parties have since been unwilling to suggest change, despite concerns about cost. Hugo Swire, the former Shadow Culture Secretary, was dismissed in 2007 for suggesting that "museums and galleries should have the right to charge if they wish".
Some in the art community argue, however, that free entrance has done little to increase the breadth of visitors and has caused shortfalls in the budget for the museums. In response to it, Colin Tweedy, chief executive of Arts & Business, said that Britain was "leading the world" in allowing its treasures to be freely available. He said, "To return to museum charging would be a return to the dark ages."
Ben Bradshaw, the Culture Secretary, said, "The mayor showed his true intention when he suggested those who could afford it should be encouraged to contribute to the arts. I believe _ is a disaster for the culture, arts and sport." He thinks that free museums and galleries have once been one of this Government's great successes. [/INST] question: We can learn from Mark Jones' words that _ . | options: A: his museum shows a lack of money B: admission fees should be forceful C: he is in favor of New York's action D: he has a consideration for the visitors | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: □ Viruses that are important causes of gastrointestinal infection are - rotaviruses , enteric
adenoviruses (especially, serotype 40 & 41) Q, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses & possibly
toroviruses - Fields virology
□ Viruses causing diarrhoea
RotavirusesQ
AstrovirusesQ
AdenovirusesQ
Calcivi ruses
Coronaviruses
Norwalk group virusesQ
Enteroviruses
Viral infections causing diarrhoea (Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Gastroenterology
Rotavirus & Norwalk virus are the two most common agents in viral diarrhoea in children & adults,
respectively
Rotavirus : The disease occur primarily in children aged 3-15 months , with infection less
common after 2 years of age. Adult can develop mild infection. Typically a childe develops
vomiting, followed by profuse, watery diarrhoea. Dehydration may develop rapidly in chidren &
contributes significantly to the se%rerity of the illness. Rotashieldj a live oral vaccine initially
approved for the prevention of rotavirus infection, was withdrawm from the market because of a possible increased risk of intussusception
Norwalk virus : The clinical spectrum of disease is varied, although all cases are mild. The duration of illness is usually 24-48 hours [/INST] question: The viruses causing gastroenteritis are -a) Rotavirusb) Norwalk virusc) Adenovirusd) Hepatadenoviruse) Enterovirus | options: A: bcde B: abcd C: acde D: abce | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dear March - Come in -
How glad I am -
I hoped for you before ...
Who knocks? That April -
Lock the Door -
I will not be pursued -
He stayed away a year to call -
When I am occupied -
But trifles look so trivial -
As soon as you have come ...
This lovely poem was written by Emily Dickinson, who is considered a major American poet, though she was not accorded this honor until well after her death.
Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts. She attended school for only one year. Throughout her life, she seldom left her home and visitors were few. She lived in almost complete isolation from the outside world.
She admired the poetry of Robert and Elizabeth Barren Browning, as well as John Keats. Though she was dissuaded from reading the poetry of her contemporary Walt Whitman by rumors of its disgracefulness, the two poets are now connected by the distinguished place they hold as the founders of a uniquely American poetic voice.
While Dickinson was extremely prolific as a poet, she was not publicly recognized during her lifetime. Upon her death, Dickinson's family discovered forty hand-bound volumes of nearly 1,800 poems. Her younger sister began to share the enormous body of work that Emily left behind.
Emily's odd punctuation, capitalization , and formatting did not meet with standard publishing "approval" for earlier editions. There is a whimsical nature to many other poems, as the subject of death was the most frequent theme. [/INST] question: In the poem, the poetess was speaking to _ . | options: A: a little girl B: a long-lost family member C: a nice season D: a cute animal | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Homes & Gardens
12mths: PS27.04
Established for over 80 years, Homes & Gardens has always been engaging and accessible. Delivering inspirational decorating through real-life stories and beautiful photography, it is the ultimate sourcebook of beautiful ideas and detailed information, and inspires its readers to become their own interior designers.
Delicious
12mths: PS29.99
Whether you are passionate about cooking and entertaining, or simply love food, Delicious is the magazine for you. Every month it's packed with mouth-watering recipes, including menus from Jamie Oliver, tasty mid-week suppers and children's meal ideas.
Mother & Baby
12mths: PS19.50
Mother & Baby is the UK's best selling parenting magazine, and is full of information on pregnancy, birth and caring for your baby. Mother & Baby has over 40 years of experience on advising mothers how to care for their babies and is a well loved and trusted brand.
TIME
12mths: PS34.99
TIME brings you the pick of the most interesting and relevant new stories, delivering accurate knowledge at all times on all topics, which allows you to anticipate trends. With more than 30 million eager readers every week, can you afford not to take TIME?
ON THE WHEEL
12mths: PS55.00
The perfect read for anyone interested in classic cars, as it has the best buying advice, road tests and features. Features on restorations, road tests, reader models, keep the car fan entertained every month. The classified section and buyers guide provide a rich source of valuable information on price and makes and models. [/INST] question: Mrs Smith has a baby of only three and she likes to make her home unique, so she may be interested in _ . | options: A: TIME and Delicious B: Delicious and Mother& Baby C: TIME and ON THE WHEEL D: Homes & Gardens and Mother & Baby | answer: D </s> |
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