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259815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catskill%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Catskill (town), New York | Catskill is a town in the southeastern section of Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 11,775 at the 2010 census. The western part of the town is in the Catskill Park. The town contains a village, also called Catskill. The village of Catskill has a well-defined Main Street. There is a public boat launch on the Hudson River called Dutchman's Landing.
History
The area of the town was purchased from the indigenous peoples in 1678, and the first settler was Derrick Teunis van Vechten, who built a house here in 1680. The town was established on March 7, 1788, as part of Albany County. When Greene County was formed on March 25, 1800, Catskill became part of the new county. The town was increased by an addition from the town of Woodstock in 1800, but was later decreased upon the formation of the towns of Cairo (1803) and Athens (1815). Catskill is the location of the story "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving.
On July 23, 2003, an F2 tornado ripped across the town. The worst of the damage occurred at the Kiskatom flats. The tornado crossed over New York Route 32 and went past the Friar Tuck Inn, causing two mobile homes to flip over.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 64.2 square miles (166.2 km2), of which 60.5 square miles (156.8 km2) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.5 km2, or 5.69%) is water.
The eastern town line is defined by the Hudson River, forming the border with Columbia County. The southern town line is the border of Ulster County. The Town is bordered by the town of Athens on the north, Cairo to the northwest, Hunter to the west, and Saugerties to the south.
Communities and locations in the town
Alsen – A hamlet in the southeast part of the town on Route 9W.
Cairo Junction – A hamlet in the northwest part of the town.
Catskill – A village that is the primary settlement in the town, located in the northeast on both sides of Catskill Creek.
Cauterskill – A hamlet west of Catskill village.
Cementon – A hamlet in the south part of the town along the Hudson River.
Hamburg – A hamlet north of Catskill village on the Hudson River.
High Falls – A hamlet by the south town line.
Jefferson Heights – A hamlet and census-designated place northwest of Catskill village.
Kiskatom – A hamlet southwest of Catskill village.
Lawrenceville – A hamlet in the western part of the town.
Leeds – A hamlet and census-designated place by the north town line.
Palenville – A hamlet and census-designated place in the southwest corner of the town.
Smith's Landing – A hamlet south of Alsen on Route 9W.
Transportation
The New York State Thruway (Interstate 87) and U.S. Route 9W pass north–south through the town. New York State Route 23 passes east–west through the town and heads east across the Hudson River to Columbia County.
Until 1958 the New York Central Railroad operated twice daily, in each direction, passenger trains between Albany, New York and Weehawken, New Jersey on the NYC's West Shore Railroad. The rail line continues today as the CSX's River Subdivision, serving freight operations.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,849 people, 4,780 households, and 3,035 families residing in the town. The population density was 195.8 people per square mile (75.6/km2). There were 5,700 housing units at an average density of 94.2 per square mile (36.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 89.84% White, 6.03% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.86% from other races, and 2.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.03% of the population.
There were 4,780 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. Of all households, 29.7% were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $33,531, and the median income for a family was $42,807. Males had a median income of $33,832 versus $25,058 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,563. About 11.2% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Charles W. Berry (1871–1941), American New York City Comptroller
Jedediah Berry, author raised in Catskill
James Bogardus, inventor, architect, pioneer of American cast-iron architecture, for which he took out a patent (1850)
Mickey Brantley, outfielder for the Seattle Mariners who later went on to be a coach for the Toronto Blue Jays and New York Mets; born and raised in Catskill
Robert Charels (Robert Smith), blues singer who has recorded three albums nationally (including the Duke Robillard-produced Metropolitan Blue); born and raised in Catskill
Frederic Edwin Church, American landscape painter
Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School of painting, lived in Catskill from 1827 until his death in 1848. Cole was a member of Saint Luke's Episcopal Church in Catskill, and designed the present church building; a stained-glass window there honors the Cole family. His house at Cedar Grove is open to the public.
Cus D'Amato, boxing manager who formed a gym in Catskill where he trained future heavyweight champion Mike Tyson
Edward W. Dwight, Wisconsin politician born in Catskill
Matthew Florio, guitarist of indie rock bands Candy Hearts and Foxy Dads
John Hill, New Jersey politician born in Catskill
Tom Judson, Broadway actor and composer
Sheba Karim, author who writes literature and young adult fiction, born and raised in Catskill
George W. Lay (1798–1860), U.S. congressman
Sybil Ludington, Revolutionary War hero
Hugh Malone, Alaska state legislator, born in Catskill
Charles Palmetier, Wisconsin state senator, born in Catskill
Jaap Penraat, Dutch resistance fighter during World War II
Robert Seaman, millionaire entrepreneur, born in Catskill
Zachary Cole Smith, frontman of indie rock band DIIV
Jeremy Transue, Alpine skier
Mike Tyson, champion heavyweight boxer; moved to Catskill from Brooklyn in 1980, trained at local gym
Abraham Van Vechten, New York State Attorney General, born in Catskill
References
External links
Town of Catskill official website
Cedar Grove – Thomas Cole Historic site
1788 establishments in New York (state)
Catskills
New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River
Populated places established in 1788
Towns in Greene County, New York
Towns in New York (state) | [
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259816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Coxsackie (village), New York | Coxsackie is a village in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 2,813 at the 2010 census.
The village name comes from the native word mak-kachs-hack-ing. When the land was purchased by the Dutch settlers, the name was written as Koxhackung. It is generally translated as "Hoot-owl place" or "place of many owls".
The village is in the eastern part of the town of Coxsackie along the Hudson River.
The "downstreet," or downtown area, along Reed Street is home to a Post Office branch, a town Library (Heermance Memorial Library), the main offices of the State Telephone Company (internet and telephone services), National Bank of Coxsackie's main branch office, and a growing group of active, small businesses. Reed Street is two blocks long and ends at Riverside Park with panoramic views of the Hudson River. A local developer has recently bought the decaying but historic buildings and warehouses along the river in order to re-develop them for new use.
History
The original plot of land was sold by American Indians to Pieter Bronck in 1661 for 150 guilders in beaver pelts.
The lower part of the village was once called "Reeds Landing". In the late 19th century, this area contained several factories and a steamboat landing, now replaced by a waterfront park. The district was built up around industries that serviced, by way of the Hudson River, New York City to the South and points North. There were several ice houses that harvested ice from the river as well as brick foundries, iron foundries, carriage makers and lumber treating. Warehousing and transport from local farms was also an important industry.
The remains of the steam freighter Storm King still rest here, in the river just north of the park, where she sank at her moorings in the 1930s. She is still visible except at the highest tide or during flooding. Near this area in the early 20th century was a popular sandy beach that drew thousands of visitors on summer weekends. The beach eroded away after channelization of the Hudson during the 1930s, when deep water navigation was extended up to Albany.
A ferry service connected the village to Newtons Hook across the river in Columbia County until June 12, 1938.
In 1947, the Coxsackievirus was isolated from an outbreak in upstate New York, and was named after the village, being the location where the outbreak first began.
Geography
Coxsackie is located in eastern Greene County on the west bank of the Hudson River. The Hudson is an estuary. Although Coxsackie is from the ocean, tides here range about (the river flows both ways depending on time of day).
New York State Route 385 passes through the village, leading south (downriver) to Athens and to Catskill, and northwest to its terminus at U.S. Route 9W just outside the village limits. US 9W leads north to an interchange with Interstate 87 (the New York State Thruway); via the Thruway it is north to Albany, the state capital, and south to New York City.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and , or 16.31%, is water.
Historic District
Reed Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Coxsackie in Greene County, New York. The district contains 30 contributing buildings. They are a collection of mid-19th century, two and three story commercial buildings. The district displays a uniformity of style in its Italianate style brick facades with ornate brackets and overhanging eaves. Recently, new, independently-owned businesses have opened on Reed Street bringing Coxsackie's historic "downstreet" back to life: Mansion + Reed General Store (a specialty grocery and cafe), Reed Street Bottle Shop (a wine and spirits shop), Pilothouse Paper (a stationary and gift shop), Che Figata (an Italian Bistro), Mahalo Toyshop, and the Yellow Deli (a deli serving breakfast and lunch).
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,895 people, 1,188 households, and 723 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,332.1 people per square mile (515.1/km2). There were 1,307 housing units at an average density of 601.4 per square mile (232.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.89% White, 2.28% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.59% of the population.
There were 1,188 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $36,098, and the median income for a family was $44,565. Males had a median income of $36,349 versus $28,182 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,914. About 10.4% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Coxsackie official website
Town of Coxsackie
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Greene County, New York
1661 establishments in the Dutch Empire | [
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259817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie%2C%20New%20York | Coxsackie, New York | Coxsackie ( ) is a town in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 8,918 at the 2010 census. The name of the town is said to be derived from a Native American term, but it has various translations ("owl's hoot" is locally common).
Within the area governed as a town, there is also a village called Coxsackie. The town is in the northeastern part of the county.
The town of Coxsackie is notable for being the namesake of the Coxsackievirus, which was first isolated in this town.
History
The settlement of Coxsackie began in the seventeenth century, approximately 1652, as part of the development of New Netherland. The government of the area became established as a district in 1772, and Coxsackie was founded in 1788 with a town form of government. Part of Coxsackie was lost when the town of Durham was formed in 1790. Further land was lost in the formation of the newer towns of Cairo and Greenville (1803), New Baltimore (1811), and Athens (1815).
One of the first settlers in Coxsackie was Pieter Bronck, of the same family for which the Bronx is named. In 1663, he built the Pieter Bronck House in West Coxsackie, which is open as a museum. The nearby family burial ground includes a separate plot with marked graves for slaves of the family.
In 1900, the combined population of the town and village was 2,994.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.4 square miles (99.4 km2), of which 36.9 square miles (95.6 km2) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.8 km2, or 3.86%) is water.
The eastern town line is defined by the Hudson River and is the border of Columbia County.
The New York State Thruway (Interstate 87) and U.S. Route 9W pass through the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,918 people, 2,422 households, and 1,583 families residing in the town. The population density was 240.8 people per square mile (93.0/km2). There were 2,789 housing units at an average density of 75.6 per square mile (29.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.24% White, 5.33% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.15% of the population.
There were 2,422 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 24.3% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 185.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 210.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,830, and the median income for a family was $46,189. Males had a median income of $37,823 versus $26,859 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,830. About 9.5% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town of Coxsackie
Bronck House – A house in West Coxsackie built by Pieter Bronck in 1663 (open as a museum)
Coxsackie – The village of Coxsackie
Reed Street Historic District is a national historic district located in Coxsackie's village proper on the west bank of the Hudson River, Greene County. The district contains 30 contributing buildings. They are a collection of mid-19th century, two and three story commercial buildings. The district displays a uniformity of style in its Italianate style brick facades with ornate brackets and overhanging eaves. Recently, new, independently owned businesses have opened on Reed Street bringing Coxsackie's historic downtown back to life: Mansion + Reed General Store (a specialty grocery and cafe), Reed Street Bottle Shop (a wine and spirits shop), Pilothouse Paper (specialty paper and home goods), Mahalo Toyshop (gifts for kids and kids at heart), Heart Land Realty, Che Figata (an Italian Bistro), and the Yellow Deli (a deli serving breakfast and lunch).
Riverside Park- located at the end of Reed Street in Coxsackie Village. This park offers expansive views of the mighty Hudson River. A boat launch allows easy load-in and load-out for motor boats, canoes, and kayaks (with plenty of parking). Seasonal docks are put out for warm season fishing and sunning. A Farmer's Market is held here on Wednesday evenings during the summer months of May to October- offering farm produce and goods, a weekly visiting food truck, and live music.
Climax – A hamlet northwest of Coxsackie village on Route 81
Earlton – A hamlet in the western part of the town. The Forestville Commonwealth Owenite community at Earlton was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Hudson River Islands State Park
Surprise – A hamlet at the western town line.
Sleepy Hollow Lake – A lake partly in the southern part of the town (a "resort" development)
West Coxsackie – A hamlet northwest of Coxsackie village on Route 81
Coxsackie Correctional Facility – A state prison southwest of Coxsackie village
Greene Correctional Facility -a state prison adjacent to Coxsackie Correctional Facility
References
External links
Town of Coxsackie official website
Coxsackie Town Court
Heermance Memorial Library (Coxsackie)
Village of Coxsackie
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Greene County, New York
1788 establishments in New York (state)
New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River | [
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259818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenville%20%28CDP%29%2C%20New%20York | Greenville (CDP), New York | Greenville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Greenville, in Greene County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 688 at the 2010 census, out of a total 3,739 people in the town as a whole.
Geography
Greenville is located in northern Greene County at (42.4153596, -74.0220769), in the north-central part of the town of Greenville. Its elevation is above sea level.
New York State Route 32 passes through the center of the hamlet, leading northeast to Albany and south to Cairo. New York State Route 81 leads west from Greenville to Cooksburg.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Greenville CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.58%, is water.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 493 people, 230 households and 138 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 142.9 per square mile (55.2/km2). There were 265 housing units at an average density of 76.8/sq mi (29.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.99% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.
There were 230 households, of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.81.
19.9% of the population were under the age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
The median household income was $34,375, and the median family income was $39,261. Males had a median income of $29,792 versus $30,972 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,815. About 13.6% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 59.7% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Town of Greenville (Greene County, NY)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Census-designated places in Greene County, New York
Greenville (town), New York
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259819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenville%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Greenville (town), New York | Greenville is a town on the northern border of Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 3,739 at the 2010 census. The town contains a hamlet also named Greenville.
History
The area of the town was first settled circa 1774. The town was established in 1803 as "Greenfield" from the towns of Coxsackie and Durham. The adjoining town is "Freehold", just south of Greenville.
In 1810, the Greenville town population was 2,300, but by 1900 that figure had fallen to 1,362.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.49%, is water.
The northern town line is the border of Albany County. The town is partly in the foothills of the Catskill Mountains.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,316 people, 1,345 households, and 918 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,694 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.95% White, 0.48% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.15% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.63% of the population.
There were 1,345 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,423, and the median income for a family was $45,880. Males had a median income of $35,217 versus $25,216 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,113. About 6.2% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in Greenville
East Greenville – A hamlet east of Greenville hamlet on Route 26.
Freehold – A hamlet by the southern town line.
Gayhead – A hamlet at the eastern town line.
Greenville – A hamlet and census-designated place.
Greenville Center – A hamlet southeast of Greenville hamlet.
Newrys – A hamlet by the northern town line.
Norton Hill – A hamlet west of West Greenville on Route 81.
O'Hara's Corner – A location south of Norton Hill.
Place Corners – A location south of Greenville Center.
Result – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town.
Sanfords Corner – A location south of East Greenville.
Surprise – A hamlet near the eastern town line.
West Greenville – A hamlet west of Greenville hamlet on Route 81.
References
External links
Greenville Public Library
Towns in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1774
Towns in Greene County, New York
1774 establishments in New York | [
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259820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Hunter (village), New York | Hunter is a village in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 502 at the 2010 census. The village is in the northwestern part of the town of Hunter on Route 23A.
History
The community was initially called "Edwardsville" after William Edwards, who founded the village by building a tannery there. The village was incorporated in 1896.
Geography
Hunter is located in western Greene County at (42.208549, -74.21398), within the Catskill Mountains, in the valley of Schoharie Creek. New York State Route 23A is the village's Main Street, leading east to Tannersville and to Catskill. To the west NY 23A leads down Schoharie Creek to Prattsville.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.81%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 490 people, 238 households, and 123 families residing in the village. The population density was 303.0 people per square mile (116.8/km2). There were 639 housing units at an average density of 395.1 per square mile (152.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.37% White, 0.41% Black or African American, 0.20% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.04% of the population.
There were 238 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.3% were non-families. 44.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $48,500. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,100. About 9.4% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.4% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
Points of interest
Hunter Mountain is the highest peak in the county and the second highest in the Catskills. The mountain is the site of Hunter Mountain ski area which is open for skiing and tubing in the winter, and biking, sightseeing and hiking in the summer. The ski resort is the largest employer in the village, which was run by the Slutzky family, followed by Peak Resorts but is now run by Vail Resorts in the heart of Hunter. The seasonal nature of the mountain regulates the economic activity of the town.
For over 40 years, the village of Hunter has been home to Camp Loyaltown, a summer camp that specializes in caring for individuals with intellectual and other developmental disabilities, including autism, emotional and behavioral disorders, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. Every year, more than 650 campers/guests come to Camp Loyaltown to enjoy the scenic locale and traditional summer camp activities. The camp attracts staff (counselors, admin personnel etc.) from all over the world, who become a major presence and contributor to the village's economy each summer.
References
External links
Village of Hunter official website
Hunter Chamber of Commerce
Hunter Public Library
Town of Hunter
Villages in New York (state)
Catskills
Villages in Greene County, New York | [
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259821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%2C%20New%20York | Hunter, New York | Hunter is a town located in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 2,732 at the time of the 2010 census. The town contains two villages, one named Hunter and the other called Tannersville. The town is on the southern border of Greene County.
History
The town was formed in 1813 from the town of Windham, but was then called "Edwardsville". The name of "Hunter" was assumed in 1814. Afterwards, the town lost some territory to the town of Saugerties in 1814 and to Jewett in 1849.
The area became a popular tourism destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was served by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad, which brought tourists to resort towns throughout the Catskill Mountains.
Geography
]]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 90.7 square miles (235.0 km2), of which 90.4 square miles (234.3 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km2, or 0.31%) is water.
The southern town line and part of the eastern town boundary are the border of Ulster County. The town is in the Catskill Mountains and the Catskill Park. Many of the Catskill High Peaks, including Hunter Mountain, a 4040 foot mountain that is the highest in the county and the second-highest in the Catskills, are in the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,721 people, 1,074 households, and 644 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.1 people per square mile (11.6/km2). There were 2,840 housing units at an average density of 31.4 per square mile (12.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.95% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.
There were 1,074 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $33,382, and the median income for a family was $42,200. Males had a median income of $35,532 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,496. About 11.1% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Hunter
Edgewood – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on Route 214.
Elka Park (12427) – A hamlet south of Tannersville.
Haines Falls (ZIP Code 12436) – A hamlet east of Tannersville and west of Palenville
Hunter (ZIP Code 12442) – Village in the western part of the town on Route 23A.
Kaaterskill Falls – A location east of Haines Falls.
Lanesville (12450) – A hamlet in the southern part of the town, South of Edgewood on Route 214.
Onteora Park – A private park north of Tannersville
Platte Clove (12427 – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town.
Tannersville (12485) – The village of Tannersville is east of Hunter village.
Twilight Park – A private park in Haines Falls.
Points of interest
For over 40 years, the village of Hunter has been home to a summer camp going by the name of Camp Loyaltown. The camp specializes in caring for individuals with intellectual and other developmental disabilities, including autism, emotional and behavioral disorders, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. Every year, more than 650 campers/guests come to Camp Loyaltown to enjoy the scenic locale and traditional summer camp activities. The camp attracts staff (counselors, admin personnel etc.) from all over the world, who become a major presence and contributor to the village's economy each summer.
Hunter Mountain is the highest peak in the county and the second highest in the Catskills. The mountain is the site of the Hunter Mountain ski area which is open for skiing and tubing in the winter and biking, sightseeing, zip lining and hiking in the summer. The ski resort is the largest employer in the village, which is run by Vail Resorts in the heart of Hunter. The seasonal nature of the mountain regulates the economic activity of the town.
Notable people
Robert O. Tyler (1831–1874), U.S. Civil War General
John Francis Hylan (1868–1936), 96th Mayor of New York City
References
External links
Town of Hunter official website
Hunter Chamber of Commerce
Village of Tannersville
The Catskill Archive – history of the Catskill Mountains
Hunter Public Library
Mountain Top Library in Haines Falls
Towns in New York (state)
Catskills
Towns in Greene County, New York | [
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259823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windham%20%28CDP%29%2C%20New%20York | Windham (CDP), New York | Windham is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Windham, Greene County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 367 at the 2010 census, out of a total of 1,703 people in the town.
The community of Windham is in the western part of the town, on Route 23. It was formerly known by several other names, including "Batavia", "Osbornville", and "Windham Center".
Geography
Windham is located at (42.311591, -74.247116), in the valley of the Batavia Kill, a westward-flowing tributary of Schoharie Creek and part of the Mohawk River watershed. The hamlet is at the northern boundary of the Catskill Park.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Windham CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 359 people, 172 households, and 97 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 191.4 per square mile (73.7/km2). There were 422 housing units at an average density of 225.0/sq mi (86.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.61% White and 1.39% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.
There were 172 households, out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. 41.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 28.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,083, and the median income for a family was $44,250. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $40,313 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,320. About 6.1% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Town of Windham
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Census-designated places in Greene County, New York | [
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259824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windham%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Windham (town), New York | Windham is a town in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 1,703 at the 2010 census. The town was probably named for the town or county of Windham, Connecticut, as many of its earliest settlers came from that state as well as other parts of New England. The town has two nicknames: "Land in the Sky" and "Gem of the Catskills".
Windham is in the west-central part of the county on the northern boundary of the Catskill Park.
History
The region was first settled around 1780. The town was formed from the town of Woodstock in 1798 while still part of Ulster County. After the formation of Greene County, several other towns were formed from parts of Windham. These towns include Hunter and Lexington (1813), Prattsville (1833), and part of Ashland in 1848. In 1900, the town's population was 1,240.
In 1937, Camp Highland, a Nazi summer camp for German-American boys, ran at a site near Windham, NY.
The major source of income in Windham is the Windham Mountain ski resort, formerly called "Ski Windham". This ski area brings a lot of its skiers up from the New York City area as well as other areas in the Northeast. In August 2010, Windham hosted the 2010 World Cup Mountain Bike Race, the first time its finals occurred on American soil in 20 years of competition. In August 2014, Windham again hosted the World Cup Mountain Bike Race, as the only US stop of the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup.
In August 2011, Hurricane Irene dumped more than 10 inches of rain into the Batavia Kill creek in just a matter of a couple of hours in a devastating flood.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 45.4 square miles (117.6 km2), of which 45.3 square miles (117.3 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2, or 0.22%) is water.
The town is in the Catskill Mountains and partly within the Catskill State Park. Batavia Kill, a tributary of Schoharie Creek, flows to the west through Windham.
Climate
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,660 people, 720 households, and 450 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.7 people per square mile (14.2/km2). There were 2,002 housing units at an average density of 44.2 per square mile (17.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.13% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.
There were 720 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.5% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,010, and the median income for a family was $42,961. Males had a median income of $31,726 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,344. About 6.8% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Windham
Batavia Kill − A stream flowing through the southern part of the town past Maplecrest and Windham.
Brooksburg − A hamlet in the Catskill Park.
East Windham − A hamlet on the eastern town line on Route 23.
Hensonville − A hamlet in the southern part of the town and the location of the town government. It was named after John Henson, a postmaster, having been called previously "Baileys Four Corners."
Mitchell Hollow − A location in the town.
Nauvoo − A location in the town.
North Settlement − A hamlet on the western town line, northwest of Windham village.
Maplecrest − A hamlet in the Catskill Park near the southern town line, originally called "Big Hollow."
Windham − The hamlet of Windham in the southwestern part of the town on Route 23. It was originally called "Batavia" until that name was taken for a location in Genesee County, New York circa 1802. It was also called "Windham Centre" and "Osbornville."
Notable people
Scott Adams, writer of the Dilbert comic strip, grew up in Windham and graduated as the valedictorian from Windham-Ashland-Jewett Central School
Charles John Brown, appointed archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church on November 26, 2011, and currently serving as apostolic nuncio to Ireland; moved to Windham at the age of 11 with his parents and five siblings
James K. Edsall, Illinois state senator and Illinois attorney general, born in Windham
Oscar Finch, Wisconsin state assemblyman born in Windham
Hiram P. Graham, Wisconsin state assemblyman born in Windham
Washington Hunt, governor of New York
In popular culture
In 2018, Windham appeared in the Netflix original series Daredevil. In the season 3 episode "Karen", it represented Fagan Corners, Vermont, the fictional hometown of Karen Page (Deborah Ann Woll). The Catskill Mountain Country Store on Route 23 was used as a diner owned by Karen's father (Lee Tergesen), the town hall was rebranded with new signage, and additional filming was conducted at the nearby ski areas and country club.
References
External links
Town of Windham official website
Windham-Ashland-Jewett Central School
Windham Public Library
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Greene County, New York | [
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259825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfort%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Frankfort (village), New York | Frankfort is a village in the town of Frankfort, Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 2,598 at the 2010 census, out of 7,636 people in the entire town. Like the town, the village is named after an early settler, Lawrence (Lewis) Frank.
Frankfort is on the south side of the Erie Canal and east of Utica, New York.
History
The village site was settled prior to 1807. The village was incorporated in 1863.
The Frankfort Town Hall and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Frankfort village is located in the northeastern part of the town of Frankfort at (43.037267, -75.071879). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which , or 1.67%, are water.
The village is bordered to the north by the Mohawk River. Moyer Creek flows through the village to the Mohawk River.
Frankfort is at the northern terminus of New York State Route 171 (Litchfield Street) with the old New York State Route 5S (Main Street). The new NY 5S does not intersect NY 171; making NY 171 the only state route not to intersect another state route. NY 5S bypasses the village to the south and west, leading west to Utica and southeast to Ilion.
Lying between Frankfort and the Mohawk River is the community of North Frankfort. East Frankfort borders Frankfort on the southeast and Corrado Corners on the southwest.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,598 people, 1,084 households, and 679 families residing in the village. There were 1,183 housing units, of which 99, or 8.4%, were vacant. The racial makeup of the village was 97.0% white, 0.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race, and 1.6% from two or more races. 1.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 1,084 households in the village, 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were headed by married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 2.96.
23.7% of residents in the village were under the age of 18, 8.7% were from age 18 to 24, 27.4% were from 25 to 44, 25.1% were from 45 to 64, and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.
For the period 2011 to 2015, the estimated median annual income for a household was $43,208, and the median income for a family was $54,706. Male full-time workers had a median income of $38,063 versus $34,635 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,793. 21.6% of the population and 14.6% of families were below the poverty line, along with 30.1% of people under the age of 18 and 7.3% of people 65 or older.
Over the same time period, 40.8% of Frankfort residents reported having Italian ancestry.
References
External links
Village of Frankfort, NY
History of Frankfort, NY
Italian-American culture in New York (state)
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Herkimer County, New York | [
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259826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfort%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Frankfort (town), New York | Frankfort is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The town is named after one of its earliest settlers, Lawrence (Lewis) Frank. The town of Frankfort includes a village, also called Frankfort. Frankfort is located east of Utica, and the Erie Canal passes along its northern border. At the time of the 2010 census, the population was 7,636.
Frankfort is home to the Great American Irish Festival, held within the Herkimer County Fairgrounds.
History
The first European settlers in this area were German Palatines who came to the colony as religious refugees in 1723. During the French and Indian War, this area suffered fierce attacks by the French with their Indian allies, and the settlers abandoned much of the area. The area of the early town was resettled before 1794, by the granting of land patents.
]]
After the Revolutionary War, the town of Frankfort was established from part of the town of German Flatts. In 1798, the northwest part of Frankfort was taken away to form part of the town of Deerfield.
The Balloon Farm in Frankfort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Frankfort has an area of , of which are land and , or 0.29%, are water.
The western border of the town is the Oneida County line, and the northern border is the Mohawk River. Moyer Creek and Ferguson Creek flow northward through Frankfort to the Mohawk River.
New York State Route 5S runs parallel to the Mohawk River. New York State Route 171 intersects old NY 5S in the village of Frankfort.
Demographics
, there were 7,478 people, 2,997 households, and 2,091 families residing in Frankfort. The population density was 200.9 people per square mile (77.6/km2). There were 3,185 housing units at an average density of 85.6 per square mile (33.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.93% White, 0.49% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.
There were 2,997 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town, the population was 23.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,399, and the median income for a family was $43,594. Males had a median income of $30,423 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,719. About 7.5% of families and 9.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.
Frankfort has a large Italian American population. Many Italian American families in the town and village are descendants of immigrants from Oriolo, Cosenza, or Calabria, Italy and from San Giuseppe Iato, Sicily. The first settler from Oriolo may have been Giuseppe Franchino, who appeared in the 1880 census as Joseph Frank, age 33, birthplace Italy.
Communities and locations in the town of Frankfort
Corrado Corners – A hamlet immediately southwest of Frankfort village.
Dutch Hill – An elevation in the northern part of Frankfort.
East Frankfort – A hamlet immediately southeast of Frankfort village, located on NY-5S at the eastern town line. It was previously called "McGowansville". East Frankfort borders the village of Ilion.
Frankfort – A village in the northeastern part of the town, located on NY-5S at the Mohawk River.
Frankfort Center – A hamlet west of Frankfort village, located on County Road 13. It was previously called "Howards Bush."
Frankfort Gorge – A valley containing Moyer Creek that extends from the southern town line up to Frankfort village.
Frankfort Hill – A location in the western part of the town, north of Stewart Corners on County Road 104. The Frankfort Hill District No. 10 School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
Gulph – A hamlet by the southern town line on NY-171.
Harbor – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town, east of West Frankfort on NY-5S by County Road 240.
Joslin Hill – An elevation located southwest of Frankfort.
Kinney Corners – A location on the southern town line on County Road 27. The Remington House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
Maggie's Bush – A former community in the western part of Frankfort.
North Frankfort – A location north of Frankfort village, near the Mohawk River.
Stewart Corners – A hamlet in the western part of the town at the junction of County Roads 104 and 186.
West Frankfort – A hamlet on NY-5S near the western town line in the northwestern corner of the town. It was originally called "Four Mile Grocery."
Herkimer County Fair
The Herkimer County Fair is a six-day fair held annually in Frankfort. The fair was started in 1841 as the Herkimer County Agricultural Society, and traveled from village to village. In the 1900s, the fair was located at a site which later became the Hekimer Thruway interchange. At that time, the fair had a racetrack and grandstand which were later destroyed by a fire. After moving to Frankfort in 1950, the fair became an annual event. In 1958, it moved to a permanent site on Cemetery Hill in Frankfort, after buying the Slocum Farm. The fair currently sits on , and has 10 permanent buildings as well a permanent bathroom, shower facilities, a horse corral, and aluminum bleacher seating surrounding the event show ring.
Notable people
Charles A. Budlong, Wisconsin State Assemblyman, was born in Frankfort.
Hiram Cronk, the last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 at the time of his death, was born in Frankfort.
Carl Edgar Myers, owned "balloon farm" business with Carlotta, the Lady Aeronaut.
Rich Talarico, a writer, director, producer and actor known mostly for Comedy Central's Key and Peele, was born in Frankfort.
References
Sources
External links
Official Town of Frankfort website
Herkimer County Historical Society website
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Herkimer County, New York
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herkimer%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Herkimer (village), New York | Herkimer is a village on the north side of the Mohawk River and the county seat of Herkimer County, New York, United States, approximately southeast of Utica. As of the 2020 Census, it had a population of 7,234. It was part of the Burnetsfield Patent and the first colonial settlement this far west in the Mohawk Valley.
The village takes its name from the Herkimer family, Palatine German immigrants who settled in the area in 1723. The most notable family member was Nicholas Herkimer, a general of the Tryon County militia, who died from wounds received at the Battle of Oriskany in the American Revolutionary War.
The village is located within the town of Herkimer and Herkimer County; together they are referred to as "The Herkimers". The citizens of the village are served by three levels of government of the same name: the village, the town and the county of Herkimer. (Only the residents of the village of Madison and New York County, also in New York, share a similar distinction.)
Herkimer County Community College, located in the northwest part of the village, was founded in 1966 by the Herkimer County Board of Supervisors.
History
Colonial era
The region had been part of the territory of the Iroquois Mohawk Native American people for centuries. Their villages were linked by winding paths through the wilderness and along the Mohawk River. By the early 18th century, they had two main villages in the Mohawk River valley, Teantontalago to the east, known by the English as the Lower Mohawk Castle, and Canajoharie to the west, known as the Upper Mohawk Castle. The English built Fort Hunter near the Lower Mohawk Castle.
Palatine Germans first arrived in New York in August 1708, with most arriving in the summer of 1710. Refugees from religious wars in Europe, they had agreed to exchange work for passage to the New York Colony. This was arranged by Queen Anne's government, and in 1710 nearly 2,800 Germans arrived in ten ships at present-day Manhattan. They were at first quarantined on Nutten Island (now known as Governors Island) until the ship fevers ran their course. In exchange, they worked for some time in camps along the Hudson River to manufacture British naval supplies. As early as 1712, some went on upriver to settle along Schoharie Creek in the Mohawk Valley.
In 1722, in response to a request by the German Palatine leaders Joseph Petrie and Conrad Rickert, Governor William Burnet granted the Palatines a lease to purchase land from the Mohawk Nation in the vicinity of the confluence of West Canada Creek and the Mohawk River. After a survey of the land was completed in 1723, many more settlers arrived in the area between 1723 and 1725. They settled on both the north and south sides of the Mohawk River. The area was originally known as "Burnetsfield", named in honor of the governor. The Burnetsfield Patent, granted April 13, 1725, assigned lots to about ninety heads of family. The area was also referred to at times as "Stone Ridge", "The Flats", "The Falls", and most commonly, due to the mostly German immigrant population and the flat floodplain topography, as German Flatts. This was the first colonial settlement this far west in the Mohawk Valley.
Shortly after 1722, a blockhouse and a church were erected in the village on the north side of the river. This site was later developed as the present Reformed Church. The first known minister was the Reverend George Michael Weiss, who served from 1735 to 1742. A schoolhouse was erected in 1745. Weiss was followed in 1751 by the Elder Rosencrantz, who was succeeded by his son, the Reverend Abraham Rosencrantz, the latter serving until his death in 1796.
During the French and Indian War, the town was twice attacked by the French and their native American allies, in November 1757 (cf. Attack on German Flatts (1757)) and again in April 1758, when the settlement on the south side of the river and Fort Herkimer were attacked, and about 30 settlers were killed. Captain Nicholas Herkimer held the command of the fort, assembling all of the settlers he could within it.
During the Revolutionary War, the town was attacked multiple times by Loyalists and Iroquois allies, as were other German settlements in the valley. One of these raids was by Butler's Rangers in September 1778. (See Attack on German Flatts (1778).) The village was defended by Fort Dayton.
Fort Herkimer and the settlement on the south side of the river were also attacked. George, Catherine and Nicholas Demuth were among children captured by the Onondaga during a raid in 1779, while they were playing outside the fort. After the war, during prisoner exchange, George and Catherine returned to the Demuth family. Nicholas, the youngest, had been adopted by an Onondaga chief and become assimilated. He chose to stay with the tribe for the rest of his life. Although he maintained contact with his birth family, he accompanied the Onondaga and lived with them on a reservation outside Syracuse. He married into the tribe and worked as an interpreter and negotiator.
The village of Herkimer was attacked for the last time during the war on July 15, 1782, by about five hundred Tories and Iroquois. Two residents were killed, Johann Christian Schell and his son, Denis Augustinius Schell. The rest managed to reach the safety of the fort. Fifty horses were taken and fifteen killed, 180 cattle were taken and thirteen killed, and thirteen houses and two barns were burned.
Village of Herkimer
In 1788, the township of Herkimer was organized, and the town had come to be known generally as the "Village of Herkimer". In 1791, when Herkimer County was organized, the village of Herkimer was established as the county seat. By 1797, the village had a courthouse, a jail, and a Reformed Dutch Church, with about 40 houses and a population of approximately 250. The village was incorporated in 1807. Its charter was amended in 1832 to enlarge the village. In 1875, the village dispensed with its special charter and organized the village under the state law of the time.
In the early 19th century, Herkimer boasted of several whiskey distilleries, as well as an ashery for the making of potash. By the mid-to-late 19th century, the village was served by the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, a branch of which (the Mohawk and Malone Railway) extended north through the Adirondacks to Malone. An inter-urban electric trolley traveled on railways among villages and Little Falls, Syracuse, Richfield Springs, Cooperstown and Oneonta. The Erie Canal, built from 1817 to 1825, also served villages and towns in the valley, carrying increased traffic and trade between the Great Lakes and the Hudson River and port of New York.
Herkimer native Francis E. Spinner was treasurer of the United States during the Lincoln administration.
Myers Park now contains a statue of him.
By the late 19th century, the village had a public library. The Folts Mission Institute opened in 1893 as a training school for young women under the auspices of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1907, a monument was erected by the village to honor General Herkimer.
The Herkimer County shootings took place partially in Herkimer on March 13, 2013.
The Herkimer County Courthouse, Herkimer County Jail, Herkimer County Historical Society, The Reformed Church, Palatine German Frame House, and United States Post Office are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2000, the United States Congress designated the historic route of the Erie Canal, which runs through Herkimer village, as the Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor. The villages, towns and landscape are all included in this designation as elements contributing to its significance.
Geography
The village of Herkimer is located at coordinates (43.026207, -74.990304), in central New York state, approximately halfway between Syracuse and Albany and southeast of Utica. It is served by Exit 30 on the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90). New York State Route 5 (State Street) and New York State Route 28 (Don Reile Boulevard/South Caroline Street/Mohawk Street) intersect and combine for a short distance within the village. The village is in the southern part of the town of Herkimer and has a total area of , of which are land and , or 4.27%, are water.
Herkimer is at the confluence of the Mohawk River and its tributary, West Canada Creek. The Plantation Island State Wildlife Management Area, consisting of approximately of Mohawk River floodplain, lies on the opposite shore of West Canada Creek just southeast of the village. A smaller wildlife management area, providing access and parking for fishing on the creek, is just northeast of the village, along Shells Bush Road, across the Donald J. Mitchell Bridge from State Route 28.
Geological information
The Herkimer/Middleville area is a favorite collecting area for rockhounds due to its vast deposits of large, low-inclusion quartz crystals known as "Herkimer diamonds", similar to "Cape May diamonds". Although the minerals are not true diamonds, they are sometimes used as gemstones and incorporated into jewelry. The minerals formed in Cambrian age limestone and dolomite, probably from groundwater action after the original formation of the rock in an ancient sea. According to locals, it is considered lucky to recover a crystal still partly embedded in a chunk of its host rock.
Several commercial mines cater to tourists. They can break up rock or screen soil weathered from it to find the quartz. The quartz itself is resistant to weathering.
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 7,498 people, 3,184 households, and 1,687 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 3,528 housing units at an average density of .
The racial makeup of the village was 96.1% White, 1.2% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.
Of the households, 23.6% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.0% were non-family households. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87.
19.2% of the residents were under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $24,762, and the median income for a family was $38,892. Males had a median income of $30,266 versus $19,438 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,498. About 8.1% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of children under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.
Major highways
Interstate 90
New York State Route 5
New York State Route 28
Media
Herkimer has one daily newspaper, the Times Telegram published in nearby Utica. Herkimer is also part of the Utica media market. Three radio stations are licensed to Herkimer: WNRS (1420 AM), WXUR (92.7 FM), and WVHC (91.5 FM) (which is licensed to Herkimer County Community College).
Education
The village is part of the Herkimer Central School District.
Herkimer County Community College is a two-year community college in the northwestern part of the village, bounded on the north by Reservoir Road.
Sports
Basketball
Herkimer has one professional minor league basketball team named, The Herkimer Originals. The Originals play in the Northeast Division of the American Basketball Association. They began play in the 2021–2022 season.
Mudville Softball Complex
The Mudville Softball Complex (which takes its name from the fictional town in the poem "Casey at the Bat"), on Route 28 just north of Herkimer, hosts interscholastic and travel team softball tournaments throughout the spring and summer. The facility is also home of the New York State High School Softball Hall of Fame.
Golf course
Established in 1907 as a private country club, the now public Mohawk Valley Country Club has an 18-hole golf course, driving range, practice green and tennis courts. It is located on State Route 5 just east of Herkimer.
Notable people
George Cogar (1932-1983), computer pioneer, businessman
Scott Flansburg (1963—), listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for speed of mental calculation
Jonas Folts (1808–1876; native of Herkimer), Wisconsin State Assemblyman and farmer
Nicholas Herkimer (c. 1728–1777), American Revolutionary War general
Charles S. Millington (1855–1913), U.S. congressman 1909–1911
Donald J. Mitchell (1923-2003), U.S. congressman 1973-1983
H.M. Quackenbush (1847-1933), inventor and industrialist, founder of the H.M. Quackenbush Co. in Herkimer
Francis E. Spinner (1802–1890) Treasurer of the United States during the Lincoln administration, longtime Herkimer resident honored with a statue in Myers Park
Horace H. Witherstine (1852-1924), physician, mayor of Rochester, Minnesota, and Minnesota state senator
In popular culture
Theodore Dreiser's 1925 novel An American Tragedy is a fictionalized account of the events related to the 1908 trial and conviction of Chester Gillette for the murder of Grace Brown at Big Moose Lake in the Adirondacks. He was held in the Herkimer County Jail. The novel was adapted several times for stage plays, as well as for film and TV versions. These included the 1951 Paramount film A Place in the Sun, starring Elizabeth Taylor, Montgomery Clift and Shelley Winters. Two non-fiction books recounted the historic murder case and execution of Gillette: Adirondack Tragedy: The Gillette Murder Case of 1906, by Joseph W. Brownell and Patricia A. Wawrzaszek; and Murder in the Adirondacks: An American Tragedy Revisited, by Craig Brandon.
Walter D. Edmonds' novel Drums Along the Mohawk (1936) recounts the story of Adam Helmer's run to save the village during the Revolutionary War, together with an overview of the Germans' colonial settlement along the river. It was adapted as a film of the same name, released in 1939, directed by John Ford and starring Henry Fonda and Claudette Colbert.
In the 1940s century the disparaging epithet "Herkimer Jerkimer" developed currency in New York City and other large cities. Its meaning is similar to yokel or country bumpkin.
References
External links
Village of Herkimer official website Retrieved 2015-06-28
Herkimer County website Retrieved 2015-06-28
US GenWeb Project - Town of Herkimer
The Evening Telegram - village newspaper
Herkimer Home State Historic Park, NYS Parks
Plantation Island Wildlife Mgt. Area, NYS Parks
Herkimer Humane Society Retrieved 2015-06-28
Villages in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Herkimer County, New York
Palatine German settlement in New York (state)
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herkimer%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Herkimer (town), New York | Herkimer is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States, southeast of Utica. It is named after Nicholas Herkimer. The population was 10,175 at the 2010 census.
The town contains a village also called Herkimer. Herkimer County Community College is located in Herkimer village.
History
Herkimer was first settled circa 1722, in an area originally called "Stone Ridge", now the village of Herkimer. Early settlers were primarily German Palatines.
Johan Jost Herchheimer, a farmer who also engaged in trade and transport on the Mohawk River, settled in the German Flatts District of Albany County in 1725, on the south side of the Mohawk River, within the present-day town of German Flatts, incorporated in 1788. He owned of the land, including a strategic portage around Little Falls on the Mohawk, where his eldest son Nicholas Herkimer established a farmstead. In 1788, the town of Herkimer, on the north side of the river, was incorporated and named after him.
During the French and Indian War, the Mohawk Valley was ravaged by raids of the French and their native allies. By 1770, Nicholas had established great wealth through farming and trade during the wars, and had also gained military experience as a captain of a militia. He would later fight in the Battle of Oriskany.
In 1906, the murder trial of Chester Gillette brought many spectators to the county courthouse in Herkimer village.
The Herkimer County shootings took place partially in Herkimer on March 13, 2013.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of . Land comprises of the town, and of the town (1.76%) are water.
West Canada Creek empties into the Mohawk River by Herkimer village. On the opposite shore of the Mohawk River are the villages of Mohawk and Ilion.
The New York State Thruway and New York State Route 5 run through the southwestern part of the town. New York State Route 28 is a north–south highway that intersects NY-5 in Herkimer village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,962 people, 4,114 households, and 2,386 families residing in the town. The population density was 315.6 people per square mile (121.9/km2). There were 4,513 housing units at an average density of 143.0 per square mile (55.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.83% White, 0.97% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.
There were 4,114 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.0% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $28,763, and the median income for a family was $42,296. Males had a median income of $30,828 versus $20,845 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,211. About 7.9% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town of Herkimer
Beacon Light Corners – A location near the western town line.
East Herkimer – A hamlet east of Herkimer village on NY-5.
Eatonville – A hamlet near the northeastern corner of the town.
Hasenclever Hill – An elevation located north of Herkimer.
Herkimer – The village of Herkimer is by the southern town line, on NY-5 by the Mohawk River.
Kast Bridge – A hamlet north of Herkimer village on NY-28.
Mirror Lake – A small lake north of Herkimer village.
Oak Hill – An elevation located northwest of Herkimer. Located partially in the Town of Schuyler.
Osborne Hill – An elevation located northwest of Herkimer. Located partially in the Town of Schuyler.
Schrader Hill – An elevation located north of Herkimer; partially in the Town of Newport.
Steuben Hill – An elevation located northwest of Herkimer.
References
Herkimer Home, State Historical Site – Little Falls, NY
Herkimer, NY (Route 5)
External links
Early history of Herkimer, New York
Town of Herkimer official website
Herkimer County Historical Society website
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1922
Towns in Herkimer County, New York
1922 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Falls%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Little Falls (town), New York | Little Falls is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,587 at the 2010 census. The town is named after falls and rapids on the Mohawk River nearby.
The town of Little Falls is bordered on the east by the separate city of Little Falls. Both town and city are east of Utica. It was formed in 1829 from the town of Herkimer.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.72%, are water.
The Mohawk River and the Erie Canal cross the central portion of the town.
North-south highways New York State Route 169 and New York State Route 170 converge on the city of Little Falls. New York State Route 5 is an east-west highway north of the Mohawk River. New York State Route 5S is an east-west highway south of the Mohawk River.
The town is surrounded by hills.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,544 people, 580 households, and 454 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.9 people per square mile (26.6/km2). There were 637 housing units at an average density of 28.4 per square mile (11.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.51% White, 0.26% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population.
There were 580 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,875, and the median income for a family was $43,393. Males had a median income of $30,952 versus $21,065 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,383. About 7.8% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Little Falls
Jacksonburg – A hamlet located west of the city of Little Falls on NY 5S.
Kelhi Corners – A hamlet located in the northern part of the town on NY 169.
Paines Hollow – A hamlet located in the southern part of the town at the corner of NY 167 and NY 168.
Wrights Corners – A hamlet located in the southern part of the town on NY 167.
In popular culture
In Dana Spiotta's 2006 novel Eat the Document, Mary Whittaker, fleeing from the law under the pseudonym Caroline, travels "ten miles west of Little Falls" (167) when seeking refuge in an underground safe-house. Along with Berry, friend and fellow traveller, Mary hitch-hikes to Little Falls, "The Big Town" (182), for an evening away from the secluded women's commune residing in the hills of Herkimer County. They eat at an unnamed Italian restaurant on Main Street, buy drinks at a bar on the Mohawk River called Waterfront, and finally spend the night at "a small, clean motel with prints of the Erie Canal on the wall" (186).
References
External links
Town of Little Falls official website
Little Falls Public Library Collection on New York Heritage
Little Falls Canal
Little Falls Historical Society
Herkimer County Historical Society website
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Herkimer County, New York
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Falls%20%28city%29%2C%20New%20York | Little Falls (city), New York | Little Falls is a city in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 4,946 at the 2010 census, which is the second-smallest city population in the state, ahead of only the city of Sherrill. The city is built on both sides of the Mohawk River, at a point at which rapids had impeded travel upriver. Transportation through the valley was improved by construction of the Erie Canal, completed in 1825 and connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River.
The city is located at the northeastern corner of the town of Little Falls and is east of Utica.
Little Falls has a picturesque location on the slope of a narrow and rocky defile, through which the Mohawk River falls in less than a mile (1.6 km), forming a number of cascades.
History
Little Falls was first settled by Europeans around 1723, when German Palatines were granted land under the Burnetsfield Patent. It was then the westernmost European settlement in the colony of New York. The need to portage around the falls promoted a trading location on the site of the future city. It was the first settlement in the town. The settlers were attacked during the French and Indian War, but rebuilt their farms.
The small settlement here was destroyed by Iroquois Indians, mostly Mohawk, and Tories in June 1782. The village was not resettled until 1790, and it was known at times as "Rockton" and "Rock City." Little Falls was incorporated as a village in 1811, and reincorporated in 1827. The City of Little Falls was chartered in 1895.
The Western Inland Canal (early attempt of the Erie Canal) was constructed in 1792 and helped the local economy. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, passes through the city. Lock 17 of the New York State Erie Canal replaced the three locks of the original 1825 Erie Canal and is in height.
With dairy farms located throughout the town, Little Falls was a major center for the manufacturing of cheese in the third quarter of the 19th century. Its products were shipped to market in New York City and other major cities. In the 20th century it attracted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, who worked in factories for textiles, gloves and other products.
In 1900, 10,381 people lived in Little Falls. It had its peak of population in 1920 with 13,029. Increasing urbanization of larger cities and the decline of manufacturing in the Mohawk Valley in mid-century have led to a decline in population.
In 1903, a westbound New York Central special newspaper train derailed due to excessive speed on a sharp curve killing the engine crew. In 1940, a much more serious crash at the same location of a fifteen car luxury passenger train killed 31.
Notable people
Benjamin T. Babbitt operated a machine shop in Little Falls early in his career; he became a 19th-century soap manufacturing magnate.
Justus D. Barnes, stage and silent film actor, was born in Little Falls.
Francis Bellamy, author of the United States Pledge of Allegiance, lived in the city.
Natale H. Bellocchi, diplomat, was born in Little Falls.
David H. Burrell, inventor and gentleman farmer who lived and worked here, patented the first technically sound oil burner that could burn both liquid and gaseous fuels in 1885; in 1985, President Ronald Reagan declared it "Oil Heat Centennial Year" because it marked 100 years since the U.S. Patent Office granted Burrell the patent for his furnace.
Fred J. Douglas, politician and US congressman, lived in Little Falls.
Thomas Falvey, Wisconsin state legislator and mayor, lived in Little Falls.
Nicholas Herkimer, Patriot general who commanded troops in the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War; he died of wounds suffered in that conflict; a monument to him was erected in 1896, at his home on the outskirts of the city.
Wayne Levi, professional golfer, was born in Little Falls.
Ann Marcus, co-writer of soap opera Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman.
Mary Myers, first female to solo fly a lighter-than-air passenger balloon.
Bill Warner, a motorcycle racer and world motorcycle land-speed record holder, was born in Little Falls. Warner was killed in a motorcycle crash in July 2013 while trying to set a new record.
National Register of Historic Places
The following are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: James Sanders House, Italian Community Bake Oven, Little Falls City Hall, Little Falls Historic District, Overlook, Emmanuel Episcopal Church, South Ann Street-Mill Street Historic District, the Overlook (Burrell) House, and the United States Post Office.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and , or 3.79%, are water. Little Falls is mostly on the north bank of the Mohawk River, near a waterfall which was smaller than another waterfall on the river in Cohoes. The cliff on the south bank of the Mohawk River in the city is known as Rollaway.
New York state routes 5, 167, 169 and 170 converge on Little Falls. NY 170 has its southern terminus in the city, while NY 169 has its southern terminus south of the city, in the town of Danube.
Media
Little Falls is served by The Times Telegram of nearby Herkimer, which was formed in 2015 by the merger of the locally based Evening Times into Herkimer's Evening Telegram, as well as the Observer-Dispatch in Utica. Two radio stations, WIXT (1230 AM) and WSKU (105.5 FM), are licensed to the city. Little Falls is also served by stations in the Utica television market.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,188 people, 2,339 households, and 1,277 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,367.0 people per square mile (527.1/km2). There were 2,646 housing units at an average density of 697.2 per square mile (268.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.78% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.
There were 2,339 households, out of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.4% were non-families. 39.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $23,965, and the median income for a family was $34,583. Males had a median income of $28,807 versus $21,040 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,139. About 9.3% of families and 16.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.
In media
Walter D. Edmonds' novel, Drums Along the Mohawk (1939), featured German families in this area in the Revolutionary era.
Little Falls is the setting of the novel, The Ordinary White Boy (2001), by Brock Clarke.
The city's Main Street was featured in several scenes of A Quiet Place (2018).
See also
Herkimer County Historical Society
References
External links
City of Little Falls official website
Little Falls community website
Little Falls Historical Society
Little Falls Canal Documentation Archive
Little Falls Public Library Collection on New York Heritage
Cities in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1723
Cities in Herkimer County, New York
1723 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Populated places on the Mohawk River
Palatine German settlement in New York (state) | [
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259831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Newport (village), New York | Newport is a village in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 640 at the 2010 census.
The village is in the eastern part of the town of Newport and is northeast of Utica.
History
The early community was known as the "Bowen Settlement", after its founder Benjamin Bowen. He purchased the land around 1788 and began improvements and invited settlers to purchase land.
The village was incorporated in 1857. It was then an important cheese center.
Newport was the home of Algernon Smith (1842 – 1876), an officer in the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment who was killed in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Newport was also the home of Linus Yale Sr. and Linus Yale Jr., lockmakers and inventors. The Yale-Cady Octagon House and Yale Lock Factory Site is located in Newport.
Five other structures in Newport are on the New York State and National Register of Historic Places: the Benjamin Bowen House, Newport Stone Arch Bridge, Masonic Temple — Newport Lodge No. 445 F. & A.M., and Stuart Perry and William Swezey Houses.
Geography
The village is in the eastern part of the town of Newport, on both sides of West Canada Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk River, though the village center is on the eastern side of the creek. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which are land and , or 10.87%, are water.
New York State Route 28, Main Street, is a north–south highway through the village, leading northwest to Poland and southeast the same distance to Middleville. Herkimer, the county seat, is to the south of Newport on NY 28. County Road 34 passes through the part of Newport on the west bank of West Canada Creek.
Brown Island in West Canada Creek is in the southern part of Newport.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 640 people, 262 households, and 165 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,256.1 people per square mile (484.5/km2). There were 289 housing units at an average density of 567.2 per square mile (218.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.22% White, 0.47% Black or African American, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.16% of the population.
There were 262 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $41,111. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $26,528 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,324, and 23.4% of the population is over 65. About 6.5% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Newport official website
History of Newport
What Cheer Hall, Newport village
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Herkimer County, New York | [
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259832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport%2C%20New%20York | Newport, New York | Newport is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 2,302 at the 2010 census. The town, located on the western edge of the county, contains the village of Newport. The town is northeast of Utica.
History
The first settlement took place after 1786. The town was formed in 1805 from parts of the towns of Fairfield, Herkimer, Norway, and Schuyler.
Two structures in the town are listed on the New York State Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places:
James Keith House and Brown-Morey-Davis Farm
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.37%, are water.
The western town line is the border of Oneida County. West Canada Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk River, flows through the town and partly defines the eastern boundary.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,192 people, 831 households, and 595 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.4 people per square mile (26.4/km2). There were 897 housing units at an average density of 28.0 per square mile (10.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.77% White, 0.41% Black or African American, 0.05% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.
There were 831 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,300, and the median income for a family was $42,273. Males had a median income of $30,433 versus $25,391 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,044. About 5.3% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town of Newport
Farrel Corner – A hamlet west of Newport village.
Harter Hill – A pair of elevations located west of Middleville.
Honey Hill – An elevation located west of Newport.
Irish Settlement – A hamlet near the southern town line.
Martin Corner – A location near the western town line.
Middleville – Part of the village of Middleville is on Route 28 by the eastern town line and the West Canada Creek.
Newport – The village of Newport is on Route 28 by the eastern town line and the West Canada Creek.
Poland – The south part of the village of Poland is in the northwestern corner of the town.
Old City – A hamlet at the east town line.
Schrader Hill – An elevation located west of Middleville. Partially in the Town of Herkimer.
Tanner Hill – An elevation located west-northwest of Middleville.
Welch Corners – A location at the eastern town line, south of Old City.
Woodchuck Hill – An elevation located east of Newport.
References
External links
Official Town of Newport official website
Early history of Newport, NY (1869)
Herkimer County Historical Society
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Herkimer County, New York | [
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259833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Adams (village), New York | Adams is a village in the town of Adams in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,775 at the 2010 census. The village is named after President John Adams.
History
The village was first settled around 1800 and was called "Smith's Mills". It was incorporated in 1851. The historic core of the village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 as the Adams Commercial Historic District. and the Smith-Ripley House was listed in 2008.
Notable people
J. Sterling Morton, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, founder of Arbor Day.
Henry Benjamin Whipple, first Episcopal bishop of Minnesota
Geography
Adams is located in southern Jefferson County at (43.809088, -76.02385), in the southern part of the town of Adams.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
The village is adjacent to Interstate 81 and is located on U.S. Route 11 at New York State Route 178. I-81 and US-11 lead north to Watertown, the county seat, and south to Syracuse. NY-178 leads west to Henderson.
Sandy Creek is a stream that flows past the village on its southern border.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 1,624 people, 705 households and 425 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,054.0 per square mile (407.2/km2). There were 781 housing units at an average density of 506.9 per square mile (195.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.91% White, 0.74% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.
There were 705 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.96.
Age distribution was 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.
The median household income was $30,677, and the median family income was $41,667. Males had a median income of $31,058 versus $25,724 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,452. About 12.1% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Adams official website
Historical links for Adams area
Six Towns Chamber of Commerce
History of Adams, NY
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%2C%20New%20York | Adams, New York | Adams is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. Named after President John Adams, the town had a population of 5,143 at the 2010 census. The town contains a village also named Adams. The village and town are south of Watertown.
History
Settlement began around 1800 at Adams village. David Smith built a sawmill at the present site of Adams in 1801. Renamed for John Adams in 1802 (the year after his presidency ended), the town of Adams was created from the survey townships of Aleppo and Orpheus. The eastern part of Adams was taken in 1804 to form the town of Rodman. During the War of 1812, the town of Adams formed a local militia for home defense.
The Talcott Falls Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of , of which are land and , or 0.36%, are water.
Interstate 81 is a major north-south highway through the middle of Adams. It has three interchanges within the town limit. New York State Route 177 runs eastward from U.S. Route 11, another north-south highway, at Adams Center. New York State Route 178 runs westward from Adams village.
The town is to the west of the Tug Hill Plateau. Sandy Creek flows westward through the southern part of the town, and Stony Creek flows through the northern section. Both creeks are direct tributaries of Lake Ontario.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,782 people, 1,864 households, and 1,293 families residing in the town. The population density was 112.8 people per square mile (43.5/km2). There were 2,019 housing units at an average density of 47.6 per square mile (18.4/km2). The town's racial makeup of the town was 97.97% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.
There were 1,864 households, of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.05.
27.5% of the town's population was under age 18, 6.9% from age 18 to 24, 30.0% from age 25 to 44, 23.2% from age 45 to 64, and 12.3% were age 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.
The town's median household income was $38,012, and the median family income was $48,354. Males had a median income of $34,000 versus $25,610 for females. The town's per capita income was $17,707. About 6.6% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations
Adams – The village of Adams is near the southern town line on US-11 at NY-178.
Adams Center – A hamlet and census-designated place north of Adams village on U.S. Route 11 at NY-177.
Butterville – A location at the western town line on County Road 76.
Coopers Corners – A former location in the town.
Green Settlement – A hamlet on County Road 76 west of Adams Center.
Honeyville – A location on County Road 177 east of Adams Center.
Lisk Settlement – A former location in the town.
Lyon Corners – A location near the western town line on County Road 76.
North Adams – A hamlet near the northern town line by North Kellog and Cady Roads.
Sanford Corners – A location on County Road 66 in the northwestern corner of the town.
Smithville – A hamlet on County Road 75 on the western town line.
Talcott Corners – A location on US-11 in the northeastern corner of the town.
Thomas Settlement – A hamlet on NY-178 in the southwestern corner of the town.
Notable people
Emma Whitcomb Babcock (1849–1926), litterateur and author
William E. Blackstone (1841–1935), evangelical Christian and Zionist
Alvan E. Bovay, co-founder of the Republican Party
Charles Grandison Finney (1792–1875), prominent evangelist
Mary Ninde Gamewell (1858-1947), American missionary in China; writer
Henry Keep (1818–1869), born in Adams, noted financier and president of several railroad firms. He left an estate of over four million dollars.
J. Sterling Morton (1832–1902), father of Arbor Day
Philander Smith (1809–1882), son of mill operator and original settler David Smith, eponym of Philander Smith College and father-in-law of William E. Blackstone (above)
Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822–1901), first Episcopal bishop of Minnesota
References
External links
Early Adams history
Historical/genealogical links
Historical summary for Adams
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Antwerp (village), New York | Antwerp is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 686 at the 2010 census. The village is in center of the town of Antwerp and is northeast of Watertown.
History
The village was formerly called "Indian River" due to its location on that river.
Antwerp was incorporated as a village in 1853. The historic core of the village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 as the Village of Antwerp Historic District.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which are land and , or 3.05%, are water.
The Indian River, part of the Oswegatchie River watershed, flows through the center of the village.
The village is on U.S. Route 11, northeast of Watertown and southwest of Gouverneur.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 716 people, 260 households, and 166 families residing in the village. The population density was 682.4 people per square mile (263.3/km2). There were 305 housing units at an average density of 290.7 per square mile (112.2/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.51% White, 0.28% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.84% Asian, 0.98% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.93% of the population.
There were 260 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.40.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $33,472, and the median income for a family was $40,833. Males had a median income of $36,042 versus $23,542 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,881. About 15.7% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.5% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Antwerp official website
Village of Antwerp Historical District
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp%2C%20New%20York | Antwerp, New York | Antwerp is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,846 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Antwerp in Belgium, the home of one of the early investors in the town.
The town of Antwerp contains a village also called Antwerp. The town is at the eastern corner of the county and is northeast of Watertown.
History
Settlement began circa 1803 near what is now Oxbow. The town was created from part of the town of Le Ray in 1810. In 1855, the town had the second largest number of cows in New York.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 2.19%, are water.
The northeastern town line is the border of St. Lawrence County. The southeastern town line is the border of Lewis County.
The Oswegatchie River flows through the northern part of the town and loops back at Oxbow.
U.S. Route 11, a northeast to southwest highway, passes through the town.
The southeastern portion of Antwerp contains part of the Fort Drum Military Reservation.
Demographics
2000 census
As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 1,793 people, 621 households, and 453 families in the town. The population density was 16.88/sqmi (6.52/km2). There were 717 housing units at an average density of 6.75/sqmi (2.61/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.99% White, 0.39% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.56% of the population.
There were 621 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89 and the average family size was 3.32.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $34,250, and the median income for a family was $40,192. Males had a median income of $28,824 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,097. About 12.3% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Antwerp – A village centrally located in the town by the Indian River and US-11.
Bentleys Corners – A location in the western part of the town on County Road 23.
Bishops Corners – A location in the western corner of the town on County Road 194.
Fort Drum – A military reservation partly located in the southeastern part of the town.
Halls Corners – A location in the western part of the town on County Road 28.
Indian River – A stream and canoe trail that flows past Antwerp village.
Keenes – A hamlet on the northeastern town line, partly in St. Lawrence County.
Oxbow – A hamlet and census-designated place by the northeast border on County Road 25, located on the Oswegatchie River. It is the site of the first settlement, a tavern.
Payne Lake – A small lake in the northern part of the town near Oxbow.
Rices Corner – A hamlet in the eastern corner of the town and inside Fort Drum on County Road 24.
Spragueville – A hamlet on the northeastern town line on County Road 26, partly in St. Lawrence County. It was formerly called "Spragues Corners".
Notable people
Albert Woolson, an American Civil War veteran and the last surviving member of the Grand Army of the Republic, was born in Antwerp.
Artist Cassius Marcellus Coolidge, noted mainly for his paintings depicting dogs playing cards, was born and raised in Antwerp, started its first bank, and is buried there. He is also credited with inventing carnival cut-outs, the painted backdrops with faces missing, enabling individuals to pose for novelty photos.
Charles B. Hoard, businessman and member of the United States House of Representatives, lived in Antwerp and served as postmaster before relocating to Watertown in the 1840s.
John Harris, Wisconsin state senator and businessman, was born in Antwerp.
Writer Helen Hinsdale Rich, known as "The Poet of the Adirondacks", was born in Antwerp.
References
External links
Early history of Antwerp, NY
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York
Belgian-American history | [
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259838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownville%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Brownville (village), New York | Brownville is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,119 at the 2010 census, up from 1,022 in 2000. The village is named after Jacob Brown, an early settler and developer.
The village is in the southern part of the town of Brownville, west of Watertown.
History
The village is the site of the first settlement in the town in 1799. It was incorporated in 1828.
Geography
Brownville is located in central Jefferson County at (44.005613, -75.983154). Its southern border is the Black River, which forms the border with the town of Hounsfield. The village is bordered to the east by the village of Glen Park.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Brownville has a total area of , of which , or 0.56%, are water.
Brownville is on New York State Route 12E and County Route 53. NY-12E leads east to Watertown and northwest to Chaumont.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,022 people, 419 households, and 292 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,576.7 people per square mile (607.1/km2). There were 447 housing units at an average density of 689.6 per square mile (265.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.04% White, 0.39% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.68% of the population.
There were 419 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $44,881. Males had a median income of $35,294 versus $25,583 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,862. About 4.0% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Brownville official website
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownville%2C%20New%20York | Brownville, New York | Brownville is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 6,263 at the 2010 census, up from 5,839 in 2000. The town is named after Jacob Brown, an early settler and leader.
Brownville is located in the western part of the county, northwest of Watertown. The town contains a village also named Brownville.
History
The Oneida people were the original inhabitants of the area.
The town was settled around 1799 near Brownville village. It was one of the first towns in the county. Its name is derived from the founder and first settler, Jacob Brown, who was a major-general in the United States Army and is considered to be a heroic figure in the War of 1812.
The town was formed in 1802 from the town of Leyden while still part of Herkimer County.
Many of the northern towns of the county were established, or partly established, from parts of Brownville, including Le Ray (1806), Lyme (1818), Pamelia (1819), Orleans (1821), and Alexandria (1821).
In 1828, the community of Brownville set itself off from the town by incorporating as a village.
In 1855, the community of Dexter set itself off from the town by incorporating as a village.
The William Archer House, Gen. Jacob Brown Mansion, Brownville Hotel, St. Paul's Church, Vogt House, and Arthur Walrath House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 11.02%, are water.
The western border of the town is Lake Ontario and Guffin Bay, an arm of the lake, and the southern border is formed by the Black River, which flows into the lake at Black River Bay. The Perch River flows through the town from the northeastern corner to the southern border and Lake Ontario at Black River Bay.
New York State Route 12E is an east-west highway, which intersects New York State Route 180, a north-south highway, at Limerick. New York State Route 12 crosses the northeastern corner of the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,843 people, 2,184 households, and 1,633 families residing in the town. The population density was 98.5 people per square mile (38.0/km2). There were 2,857 housing units at an average density of 48.2 per square mile (18.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.84% White, 0.27% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 2,184 households, out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,277, and the median income for a family was $43,866. Males had a median income of $33,889 versus $21,904 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,303. About 6.0% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations
Adams Cove – A hamlet on the north shore of Pillar Point peninsula.
Brownville – A village in the southern part of the town on NY-12E by the Black River.
Bull Rock Point – A projection into Lake Ontario at the western end of Pillar Point peninsula.
Dexter – A village in the southern part of the town on NY-180, west of Brownville village. It was formerly known as "Fish Island".
Everleigh Point – A projection into Lake Ontario at the western end of Pillar Point peninsula.
Glen Park – A village primarily in the town, on its southern border along NY-12E.
Guffin Bay – A bay of Lake Ontario in the northwestern part of Brownville.
Limerick – A hamlet at the junction of Routes NY-12E and NY-180 by the Perch River, north of Dexter village.
Natural Bridge – A location on the Perch River, southwest of Limerick.
Perch Lake – A lake in the northeastern corner of Brownville.
Perch River – A hamlet on NY-180 in the northern part of the town near the river of the same name. The community was once called "Moffatsville".
Perch River State Wildlife Area – A conservation area located in the northeastern part of the town by Perch Lake.
Pillar Point – A peninsula into Lake Ontario in the western part of the town, as well as a western projection into the lake on the end of the peninsula.
Pillar Point Village – A hamlet on the southern coast of Pillar Point peninsula, located on County Route 59.
Reynolds Corner – A location near the northern town line on County Road 125.
References
External links
Town of Brownville official website
Modern account of early Brownville
Early Brownville history
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Vincent%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Cape Vincent (village), New York | Cape Vincent is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 726 at the 2010 census. The village is in the west-central part of the town of Cape Vincent and is northwest of Watertown.
History
The area was formerly controlled by the Onondaga people. French missionaries and explorers passed through the area in the middle of the 17th century.
The town of Cape Vincent was originally part of the town of Lyme. In 1849 the town of Cape Vincent separated from Lyme. The village of Cape Vincent was incorporated in 1853. At the time of its incorporation the village had a population of 1,218.
By the end of the 19th century, the area was becoming a vacation land due to the nearby Thousand Islands.
The Levi Anthony Building, Aubertine Building, John Borland House, Broadway Historic District, James Buckley House, E. K. Burnham House, Duvillard Mill, First Presbyterian Society of Cape Vincent, Fort Haldimand Site, Jean Philippe Galband du Fort House, Glen Building, Vincent LeRay House, Lewis House, Roxy Hotel, Cornelius Sacket House, General Sacket House, St. John's Episcopal Church, St. Vincent of Paul Catholic Church, and Otis Starkey House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Cape Vincent has a total area of , of which , or 3.31%, are water. The village is on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River. A seasonal ferry connects the village to Point Alexandria on Wolfe Island in Ontario, Canada, from Cape Vincent across the southern channel of the St. Lawrence.
New York State Route 12E passes through the village center, leading northeast (downstream) along the St. Lawrence to Clayton and southeast to Watertown, the Jefferson county seat.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 760 people, 348 households, and 209 families residing in the village. There is one local bank (Citizens' Bank of Cape Vincent), a small museum, a post office (ZIP 13618), an independent telephone exchange and a few small stores.
The population density was 1,037.5 people per square mile (402.0/km2). There were 502 housing units at an average density of 685.3 per square mile (265.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.68% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.13% Asian, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population.
There were 348 households, out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.77.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 24.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $31,833, and the median income for a family was $38,571. Males had a median income of $31,538 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,492. About 12.7% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
New York State Route 12E passes through the village.
Privately owned Horne's Ferry, the only international ferry in the region, runs from May to October to Cape Vincent from "Horne's Point" (Point Alexandria) on Wolfe Island, Ontario, Canada, in the Thousand Islands. The capacity is about twelve cars. The family-owned ferry has been running since 1802 when they were first licensed to operate between Wolfe Island and Cape Vincent as well as Wolfe Island and Kingston, Ontario. The cost is US$15 for one car and driver.
Another ferry on the opposite side of Wolfe Island runs year-round free of charge and completes the crossing between Marysville and Kingston. The total time for both ferry crossings is a little over an hour.
Beginning in April 1852, the Cape Vincent branch of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad (RW&O) conveyed both passengers and freight between the waterfront and Watertown (and on to Rome) via Chaumont and Brownville. The Watertown-Cape Vincent branch was a vital link from the southern part of the state to the ferry terminal to Canada. However, its importance was reduced with the company's acquisition of the Utica & Black River Railroad (with its depot in Clayton) in 1886. By 1891 the railroad became a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad. In 1895, a storm blew down the Cape Vincent station building, killing two inside.
From the early part of the 20th century onward, traffic decreased until the New York Central ended its passenger service to the village in March 1936, after which, Clayton, to the east, became the main launch point for rail to ferry connections. Freight operations closed in the early 1950s. The second and final station building, having served its original purpose for over 40 years, still stands on the waterfront; it now functions as the offices of Anchor Marina.
Notable person
Delos B. Sackett, a career U.S. Army officer who was a general in the Union Army during the Civil War.
References
Bibliography
History of Cape Vincent, Cape Vincent Historical Museum (2002).
External links
Village of Cape Vincent official website
Village of Cape Vincent Information
Town of Cape Vincent official website
Cape Vincent Visitors Guide
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Vincent%2C%20New%20York | Cape Vincent, New York | Cape Vincent is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,777 at the 2010 census.
The town is in the northwestern part of the county. In the town is a village also called Cape Vincent. Both town and village are northwest of Watertown.
History
The town was first explored in the 17th century by French explorers and missionaries. At that time, it was home to the Onondaga people. Modern settlement began in 1801 at Millens Bay.
During the War of 1812, Cape Vincent served as an armed camp to oppose the British forces in adjacent Kingston, Ontario.
The town was formed in 1849 from the north part of the town of Lyme. In 1895, the hamlet of Cape Vincent incorporated as a village. By that time, the region was becoming a famous tourist area due to the Thousand Islands.
In 1935, the East Charity Shoals Light was erected at the entrance to the Seaway.
The Xavier Chevalier House, Nicholas Cocaigne House, Remy Dezengremel House, Joseph Docteur House, James Buckley House, E. K. Burnham House, Reuter Dyer House, East Charity Shoal Light, Johnson House, Captain Louis Peugnet House, George Reynolds House, Rogers Brothers Farmstead, Tibbetts Point Light, Union Meeting House, Claude Vautrin House, and Warren Wilson House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 37.28%, are water. The northwestern border of the town is the St. Lawrence River, and the western border is Lake Ontario. Much of the town is on a peninsula projecting into Lake Ontario, where the lake enters the river. The southern section of the peninsula is in the neighboring town of Lyme. Facing the town across the St. Lawrence River is Wolfe Island, the largest of the Thousand Islands. The island is in Frontenac County, Ontario, Canada.
New York State Route 12E runs along the St. Lawrence River before it turns southeast at Cape Vincent village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,345 people, 867 households, and 601 families residing in the town. The population density was 59.2 people per square mile (22.9/km2). There were 2,783 housing units at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (19.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 70.64% White, 21.88% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 6.28% from other races, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.27% of the population.
There were 867 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 13.2% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 43.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 216.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 251.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,330, and the median income for a family was $43,558. Males had a median income of $42,361 versus $22,308 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,375. About 8.5% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Burnham Point State Park – A park on the St. Lawrence River across the channel from the eastern shores of Carlton Island.
Carleton Island – An island in the St. Lawrence River opposite Burnham Point State Park. It was the site of the earliest settlement in Jefferson County, known as "King's Garden", where a fort was built in the late 17th century.
Cedar Point State Park – A state park on the St. Lawrence River near the eastern town line.
Cape Vincent – A village in the northwestern part of the town on NY-12E. It had a railroad station from 1852 until the mid 20th century.
Dablon Point – A headland on Lake Ontario between Mud Bay and Wilson Bay.
Fox Island – A island in Lake Ontario, southeast of Grenadier Island; once owned by former New York Governor Horace White; island auctioned off August 24, 2007, for $3.78 million to Vance Wilson, who claims he will keep the estate as it currently is.
Fuller Bay – A bay of Lake Ontario at the western end of Cape Vincent peninsula.
Grenadier Island – A large island in Lake Ontario, southwest of Cape Vincent. It was an important military installation in the War of 1812.
Kents Creek – A stream flowing southwest to enter Lake Ontario at Mud Bay.
Millens Bay – A location northeast of Sunnybank on NY-12E.
Mud Bay – A bay of Lake Ontario at the western end of Cape Vincent peninsula.
Ponds Corners – A location at the junction of County Roads 8 and 56 in the southwestern part of the town.
Rosiere – A hamlet near the southeastern town line on County Road 4. One of the former stations on the old Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad.
St. Lawrence – A hamlet near the eastern town line on County Road 4. It was originally called "St. Oars' Corners", "Gotham's Corners", and "Crane's Corners".
Sunnybank – A hamlet located on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River, northeast of Cape Vincent village on NY-12E.
Tibbets Point – A headland on Lake Ontario, north of Wilson Point. The lighthouse marking the entrance to the St. Lawrence Seaway is now a youth hostel operated by Hostelling International USA.
Warren Settlement – A hamlet on County Road 4 near the town center. It was settled circa 1825 by members of the Warren family.
Wilson Bay – A bay of Lake Ontario at the western end of Cape Vincent peninsula.
Wilson Point – A headland on Lake Ontario at the northern headland of Wilson Bay.
References
External links
Town of Cape Vincent official website
Cape Vincent Chamber of Commerce
Early Cape Vincent history
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York
New York (state) populated places on the Saint Lawrence River
1801 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Clayton (village), New York | Clayton is a village in the town of Clayton in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The village population was 1,978 at the 2010 census.
Clayton is the home of the Antique Boat Museum and Clayton Opera House. The village is a summer resort, offering galleries, boutiques and quality services to summer visitors.
History
The area was originally inhabited by Algonquian tribes, but they were driven out by the Iroquois. Radiocarbon dating of a nearby dig site indicated Clayton was once home to a 2-3 long house, 180 person palisade ringed habitation, circa 1470.
The community was formerly called "French Creek" and "Cornelia". By 1853, the population was 426. Clayton incorporated as a village, by vote of its citizens, in 1872. The arrival of the railroad in 1873 marked a major turning point in the local tourist industry.
The Clayton Historic District and Capt. Simon Johnston House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which are land and , or 37.62%, are water. Clayton is located on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River. To the west is French Creek Bay where French Creek enters the St. Lawrence. Opposite the village in the St. Lawrence is Grindstone Island, one of the large islands of the Thousand Islands.
New York State Route 12 intersects New York State Route 12E in the village. NY-12 leads south to Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, and northeast parallel to the St. Lawrence River to Alexandria Bay. NY-12E leads southwest along the St. Lawrence to Cape Vincent.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,821 people, 828 households, and 492 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,123.8 people per square mile (434.0/km2). There were 1,049 housing units at an average density of 647.4 per square mile (250.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.83% White, 1.26% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 0.77% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.14% of the population.
There were 828 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $31,354, and the median income for a family was $42,208. Males had a median income of $31,094 versus $28,375 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,247. About 6.3% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.9% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.
Transport
Clayton is accessible by automobile via New York State Route 12, which turns east from its northward course in the village. The northern terminus of Route 12E is in the same location. From Interstate 81, it can be reached by taking Exit 50S to Route 12.
Beginning in 1873, the village was served by the Clayton Division of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad (RW&O), which later became a part of the New York Central network. At its peak, multiple express trains per day ran from Niagara Falls and Grand Central Terminal to bring passengers and freight to Clayton's ferry terminal, which was the gateway to the Thousand Islands region. Facilities included a train yard and locomotive shed. Passenger service to Utica ceased in 1950, with bus service to Watertown remaining. Freight service continued until 1972, after which the tracks were torn out.
The station and ferry terminal were converted into Frink Park, a public venue for performances and mooring for visiting ships, while the rail yards were incorporated into the property of the Frink-America snowplow factory, which was demolished in 2010. The property has since been redeveloped into a hotel, which was finished in 2013. The remainder of the right-of-way within the village is maintained as the Sissy Danforth Rivergate Trail, a multi-use recreational trail maintained by the Thousand Islands Land Trust and the Rivergate Wheelers ATV club.
See also
NEPCO 140 oil spill
References
External links
Village of Clayton official website
Clayton-Thousand Islands Life
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton%2C%20New%20York | Clayton, New York | Clayton is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 5,153 at the 2010 census. The town is named after John M. Clayton, a federal political leader from Delaware.
The town contains a village also named Clayton. Both are northwest of Watertown.
The village of Clayton, nearby Cape Vincent, and Alexandria Bay are popular tourist destinations on the New York mainland side of the Thousand Islands region.
History
The area was first settled around 1801.
The town was formed from parts of the towns of Orleans and Lyme in 1833. The town was named after statesman John M. Clayton. The village of Clayton became the main railroad terminus for the Thousand Islands resort region, during its heyday at the turn of the twentieth century. The town of Clayton offered several hotels to visitors, some grand, now mostly vanished.
In 1872, the community of Clayton voted to set itself apart from the town by incorporating as a village.
Fairview Manor, Swarthout Site-A04507.000038, and Grindstone Island Upper Schoolhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 20.83%, are water. The town is situated on the St. Lawrence River near Lake Ontario. Across the river lies Ontario, Canada.
The northern border of the town is the Canada–US border running through the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence River. The town includes the fourth largest of the Thousand Islands, Grindstone Island, along with smaller islands, such as Bluff Island, Grenell Island, Maple Island, Picton Island, and Round Island.
A ferry once connected Clayton with Gananoque in Ontario, but was discontinued due to the construction of the Thousand Islands Bridge northeast (down-river). This bridge now carries traffic from Interstate 81 into Canada.
New York State Route 12E, which follows the south bank of the St. Lawrence River, intersects north-south New York State Route 12 at Clayton village. New York State Route 180 crosses the southeastern corner of Clayton.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,817 people, 1,914 households, and 1,335 families residing in the town. The population density was 58.3 people per square mile (22.5/km2). There were 3,337 housing units at an average density of 40.4 per square mile (15.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.24% White, 0.93% Black or African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.48% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.
There were 1,914 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,805, and the median income for a family was $39,727. Males had a median income of $31,402 versus $21,091 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,947. About 4.8% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and topographic features
Aunt Janes Bay – A bay on the south shore of Grindstone Island.
Bartlett's Point – A hamlet west of Clayton village, located on a geographical feature called Bartlett Point.
Blind Bay – A small bay of the St. Lawrence River by the eastern town line.
Chaumont River – A stream flowing through the south part of Clayton; it is a tributary of Chaumont Bay in Lake Ontario.
Clayton – A village on the shore of the St. Lawrence River in the northern part of the town.
Clayton Center – A hamlet located on County Road 10 in the eastern part of the town.
Depauville – A hamlet and census-designated place on NY-12, south of Clayton village, located by the Chaumont River.
Delaney Bay – A bay in the eastern part of Grindstone Island.
Flynn Bay – A bay at the southwestern part of Grindstone Island.
French Creek – A tributary of the St. Lawerence River which empties into French Creek Bay.
French Creek Bay – A bay on the western side of Clayton village.
French Creek Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area in the northern part of Clayton.
Frontenac – A hamlet on the northeastern end of Round Island.
Frontenac Springs – A location in the northwestern corner of Clayton, known for its natural crystal spring water. Frontenac Crystal Spring Water is trucked all over, can be purchased in one or five-gallon jugs or filled in their self-serve area.
Grenell Island – An island in the St. Lawrence River by the eastern town line.
Grenell – A hamlet on Grenell Island.
Grindstone – A hamlet on the northern side of Grindstone Island.
Grindstone Island – The fourth largest of the Thousand Islands. It lies in the St. Lawerence River opposite Clayton village.
Gunns Corners – A hamlet in the southeastern corner of the town on NY-180 at NY-12.
Murray Isle – An island in the St. Lawrence River by the eastern town line.
Reynolds Corners – A location at the southern town line on County Road 125.
Round Island – An island in the St. Lawrence River north east of Clayton with many summer homes. Little Round Island is adjacent to it.
Schnauber Hill – An elevation by the eastern town line.
Smith Corners – A location on NY-12 between Depauville and Clayton village.
Washington Island – A small island next to Clayton village.
Parks
Canoe-Picnic Point State Park – A state park on Grindstone Island accessible only by boat.
Cedar Point State Park – A state park by the western town line.
Places To Visit
Clayton Chamber of Commerce
Notable people
Charles E. Bohlen, diplomat and ambassador
Albert Bouchard and Joe Bouchard, founding members of the band Blue Öyster Cult
Mary Fowkes (1954–2020), physician and neuropathologist
Abbie Hoffman, political and social activist. While using the alias 'Barry Freed', he founded Save the River.
May Irwin, singer and star of vaudeville. Summer resident and eventual retiree.
Bill Johnston, Thousand Islands smuggler and river pirate
Joseph Lonsway, private in the Union Army and Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
Nancy Fowler McCormick, philanthropist
References
External links
Town of Clayton official website
Clayton historical/genealogical links
Photo bookplate from Hawn Memorial Library of Clayton
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York
New York (state) populated places on the Saint Lawrence River | [
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259844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellisburg%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Ellisburg (village), New York | Ellisburg is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 244 at the 2010 census. The village is named after two brothers who were the original landowners. It is located near the center of the town of Ellisburg and is southwest of Watertown.
History
The village was first settled circa 1797 by Lyman Ellis and was also called "Ellisburgh". The village set itself off from the town by incorporation in 1895.
Geography
Ellisburg is located in southern Jefferson County at (43.731775, -76.133695). According to the United States Census Bureau, it has a total area of , all land.
South Sandy Creek flows through the center of the village, leading southwestward to Lake Ontario.
Ellisburg is at the junction of New York State Route 193, New York State Route 289, and County Road 87. NY-193 leads east to Pierrepont Manor and northwest the same distance to NY-3 at Southwick Beach State Park near Lake Ontario. NY-289 leads north to Belleville. Interstate 81 is east of Ellisburg via NY-193 and leads an additional north to Watertown, the county seat.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 269 people, 91 households, and 69 families residing in the village. The population density was 266.1 people per square mile (102.8/km2). There were 100 housing units at an average density of 98.9 per square mile (38.2/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.26% White, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.
There were 91 households, out of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.34.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $39,750, and the median income for a family was $45,313. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,569. About 18.8% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Notable person
John M. McHugh, US Secretary of the Army
References
External links
Early history of Ellisburg village and town
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellisburg%2C%20New%20York | Ellisburg, New York | Ellisburg is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 3,474 at the 2010 census. The town is in the southwestern corner of the county and is south of Watertown. Ellisburg is named after early European-American landowners. Among the villages in the town is Ellisburg.
History
This was long the territory of various cultures of indigenous peoples. Prehistoric remains show evidence of indigenous occupation for thousands of years prior to European encounter. The St. Lawrence Iroquoians had villages along the upper St. Lawrence River from the 1300s into the late 1500s. Along the southern areas of the Great Lakes, the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy controlled territory from present-day New York into Pennsylvania and Ohio and south into Virginia. In historic times the Onondaga people were concentrated in this area. The Five Nations together identified as the Haudenosaunee.
In the mid-19th century, E.G. Squier conducted a survey of ancient Native American works for the Smithsonian Institution, publishing drawings, plans, and maps. He found evidence of Iroquois longhouses and burial grounds in this area, as well as numerous artifacts and remnants of what were believed to be defensive Iroquois fortifications along Sandy Creek from the early eighteenth century, for protection against French colonists and First Nations.
Samuel de Champlain and other French explorers and missionaries visited the area of the present-day town in the 17th century. After the French established a colony in New France (Quebec), their traders did business with numerous Iroquois villages, primarily those of the Onondaga and especially the Mohawk peoples. Later these peoples primarily traded with Dutch and English colonists in present-day New York, from Albany west along the Mohawk River. Most of the Iroquois nations allied with the British during the American Revolutionary War. As a result of Great Britain's defeat in the American Revolutionary War and cession of its territories in the Thirteen Colonies, the United States forced the Iroquois to cede most of their territory in present-day New York. The Crown compensated the nations by setting up land reserves in Upper Canada (now Ontario). There were already Mohawk-dominated villages along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, near Montreal and upriver, which had started near Jesuit missions.
Following the war, New York State made five million acres of former Iroquois land available for public purchase; land speculators bought large tracts of land for development. They envisioned the rise of villages and farms. As part of such postwar land speculation, Alexander Macomb bought thousands of acres in Macomb's Purchase. Thousands of migrants from New England flooded into upstate and western New York in the postwar years, and the area also attracted immigrants from the British Isles and France. Marvel and Lyman Ellis purchased the town land from Macomb's Purchase and first settled around 1797 near what became Ellisburg village. Originally the name was spelled "Ellisburgh".
The town was organized in 1803 from the town of Mexico (now in Oswego County) before the formation of Jefferson County.
When President Thomas Jefferson established an embargo against trade with Great Britain in 1807 prior to the War of 1812, it adversely affected the thriving trade among the towns in upstate New York and Canada. In the tiny village of nearby Sackets Harbor on Lake Ontario, the US Navy built and operated a major shipyard employing 3,000 workers during the war; they completed 12 warships to be used for the battles on the Great Lakes and were critical to the US being able to fight against the British there. Thousands more military assigned to the Army and Navy were stationed at Sackets Harbor. By the fall of 1814, the village had become the third-largest population center in the entire state, after Albany and New York. In 1814 during the War of 1812, Americans defeated a British invasion force at the Battle of Big Sandy Creek in Ellisburg.
Settlers and developers had expected upstate New York to thrive due to trade with Canada, but this was severely interrupted by the war. Following the war, major changes followed the construction and opening of the Erie Canal in 1824 through the Mohawk River Valley and it drew development westward. It opened transportation and connection with the Midwest and Great Lakes communities, which could send their produce and commodities to New York City. Towns of Jefferson County generally were bypassed by such western development, resulting in many of their young people migrating west to Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin from the mid-nineteenth century.
Watertown, New York, however, developed as a major industrial city at the turn of the twentieth century. Its paper and other factories were powered by the Black River. The industrial wealth generated by such manufacturing resulted in the city having one of the highest numbers of millionaires per capita in the early 20th century.
The community of Belleville incorporated as a village in 1860. The community of Mannsville was incorporated as a village in 1879. Ellisburg village was incorporated in 1895. In 1930, Belleville abandoned its status as a village.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.64%, are water. The western boundary of Ellisburg is Lake Ontario, and the southern town line is the border of Oswego County.
Interstate 81 passes through the eastern side of the town. U.S. Route 11 runs parallel to and just east of the interstate. New York State Route 3, a north-south highway, runs down the western side of Ellisburg. New York State Route 193, an east-west highway, intersects north-south highway New York State Route 289 at Ellisburg village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,541 people, 1,269 households, and 961 families residing in the town. The population density was 41.5 people per square mile (16.0/km2). There were 1,781 housing units at an average density of 20.9 per square mile (8.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.85% White, 0.40% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.
There were 1,269 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.5% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,112, and the median income for a family was $40,903. Males had a median income of $31,184 versus $23,162 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,102. About 10.9% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in Ellisburg
Belleville – a hamlet and census-designated place in the north part of the town on NY-289 at County Road 75, next to Sandy Creek; formerly an incorporated village.
Cobbtown – a location southeast of Pierpont Manor.
Cobblestone Corners – a location in the southern part of the town at the junction of County Roads 87 and 89.
Ellisburg – a village near the center of the town, served by NY-289.
Giddingsville – a hamlet on U.S. Route 11 in the northeastern part of the town by Sandy Creek.
Hammond Corners – a location at the junction of County Roads 75 and 78, north of Woodville.
Hossington – a hamlet near the northern town line on County Road 91.
Jefferson Park – a lakeside hamlet northwest of Ellisburg village.
Mannsville – a village in the southeastern part of the town on US-11 at County Road 90.
Montario Point – a lakeside hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town.
North Landing – a hamlet on NY-3 west of Ellisburg village. The Amos Wood House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
Pierrepont Manor – a hamlet and census-designated place east of Ellisburg village on US-11, first settled circa 1805; birthplace of baseball player Frank Smith.
Rural Hill – a location in the northwest part of the town on County Road 79, named after early settlers, the Hill brothers; once known as "Buck Hill".
Saxe Corner – a hamlet northeast of Ellisburg village.
South Landing – a hamlet southwest of Ellisburg village on NY-3.
Taylor Settlement – a location in the northeastern part of the town on County Road 91.
Wardwell Settlement (or Wardwell) – a hamlet in the northeastern part of the town at County Roads 85 and 91, named after early landowner Colonel Wardwell.
Woodville – a hamlet northwest of Ellisburg village and located on the north branch of Sandy Creek; the community was originally called "Wood's Settlement" after an early pioneer family.
Geographical locations
Black Pond Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area located by Lake Ontario in the northwestern corner of Ellisburg.
Colwell Hill – An elevation in the southwestern part of Ellisburg near Montario Point.
Floodwood Pond – A small lake near the shore of Lake Ontario.
Goose Pond – A small lake near the shore of Lake Ontario.
Lakeview Pond – A small lake by the shore of Lake Ontario.
Lakeview Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area located by Lake Ontario at the western edge of Ellisburg.
North Colwell Pond – A small lake by the shore of Lake Ontario.
Sandy Creek – A stream flowing southwest through the town past Belleville, Hossington, and Woodville.
South Colwell Pond – A small lake by the shore of Lake Ontario.
Southwick Beach State Park – A state park on the shore of Lake Ontario, located northwest of Ellisburg village.
Notable people
Estelle Mendell Amory (born 1845), educator, author
Marietta Holley (1836–1926), humorist
References
External links
Early Ellisburg history
Ellisburg history
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York
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259846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Philadelphia (village), New York | Philadelphia is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 1,252 at the 2010 census, down from 1,519 in 2000.
The village is in the town of Philadelphia and is northeast of Watertown. It is also just northwest of Fort Drum.
The village contains a "Quaker Cemetery", and its summer festival is called "Quaker Days".
History
The current village was formerly "Friends Settlement" and "Benezet". It was settled by Quakers.
Philadelphia was incorporated as a village in 1872.
Philadelphia holds the December record low temperature for New York state of .
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
The village is located on U.S. Route 11 at the junction with New York State Route 26. US-11 leads southwest to Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, and northeast to Gouverneur. NY-26 leads northwest to Alexandria Bay on the St. Lawrence River.
The Indian River runs through the center of the village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,519 people, 546 households, and 406 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,692.2 people per square mile (651.7/km2). There were 595 housing units at an average density of 662.8 per square mile (255.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 85.98% White, 6.65% Black or African American, 0.59% Native American, 1.45% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 2.50% from other races, and 2.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.20% of the population.
There were 546 households, out of which 46.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 35.1% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 13.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $27,083, and the median income for a family was $30,078. Males had a median income of $27,833 versus $20,764 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,210. About 15.9% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Town of Philadelphia
Quaint historical material
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Theresa (village), New York | Theresa (, ) is a village in the town of Theresa in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 863 at the 2010 census. The village is northeast of Watertown.
History
The village was planned as early as 1818 at the high falls on the Indian River. The first business at this location was started in 1820, and a post office was established there in 1822. Theresa was incorporated as a village in 1871.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which , or 4.64%, are water. The Indian River, part of the Oswegatchie River watershed, flows northward through the village.
The village is located on New York State Route 26 (Main Street and Mill Street) and on County Roads 21, 46, 193, and 194. Route 26 leads northwest to Alexandria Bay and southeast to Philadelphia. Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, is to the south.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 812 people, 308 households, and 211 families residing in the village. The population density was 642.4 people per square mile (248.8/km2). There were 358 housing units at an average density of 283.2 per square mile (109.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.44% White, 2.34% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.62% Asian, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population.
There were 308 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $38,125, and the median income for a family was $44,545. Males had a median income of $32,344 versus $22,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,608. About 11.9% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Theresa official website
Theresa area historical/genealogical links
RW&O Railroad, Theresa, NY
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa%2C%20New%20York | Theresa, New York | Theresa is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,905 at the 2010 census, up from 2,414 in 2000. The town is named after Theresa La Ray, the daughter of an original landowner.
The town of Theresa contains a village also named Theresa. The town and village are in the northern part of the county, north-northeast of Watertown.
History
The history of Theresa begins with the Native American cultures who lived in the area as early as 841 B.C. The first of the Native tribes to inhabit the town of Theresa was a group called the Meadowood Phase, who were early Woodland Indians according to the categorization of Dr. William A. Ritchie. This tribe is believed to be part of the early Adena culture and subsisted on hunting and gathering. Evidence of the tribe existing in the area was found at Muskellunge and Red lakes with finds of weapon points, nets, sinkers, and other various tools from needles to a beaver tooth wood scraper. Later, the Iroquois used the Theresa area as a hunting and fishing ground. Evidence supports that at one point the Iroquois had villages in the surrounding area and used the waterways of Theresa for trade and travel.
The first Europeans to stay in the town were not settlers, but smugglers using the waterways for business. The Indian River was a highway for trade and boat traffic, the obstruction of the high falls notwithstanding. The falls made it necessary for travelers to unload and carry merchandise from the upper to lower level. Smugglers, normally having no time to spare, required the use of two flat-bottom boats. Travelers in less of a hurry also carried their boats to the lower level, but smugglers used a second boat and abandoned the first boat. Many early pioneers found and had free use of the abandoned boats in the early settlement of the town.
The settling of Theresa began January 4, 1800, when David Nelson bought of land from the Antwerp Land Company. LeRay then subdivided the land for the purposes of settlement and development. By 1810-11 LeRay had erected mills at the falls and brought cattle to graze, but settlement was stunted by the War of 1812. After the war, development continued, and in 1814 LeRay had a bridge built across the river. A year later a dam and mill were built just under the bridge. In 1817, the Shurtliff and Ball families were the first to purchase lots in the town. A year previous to this President Monroe had the Military Road built for frontier protection that connected Theresa and most of the surrounding towns, which helped lead to more settlers coming to the North Country. Following the building of the road the first taverns were built at West Corners and Chaufty's Corners. LeRay had a gristmill and a tavern built to stimulate the sale of land.
The improvements made by LeRay and others did much to stimulate the growth of the town. Over the next few years new businesses started to arrive. Within two years of the improvements made by LeRay, Theresa had its first blacksmith shop, brick maker, merchant, and physician. The first school house was built on Sand Hill in 1821. The school was used for a meeting hall more than a school, and a few of the denominations of Christianity used it for a temporary church. The first cemetery was a piece of land donated and laid out by LeRay. The first mail route was a weekly mail delivered on horseback beginning some time in the 1820s. In 1831, a tri-weekly mail run was established. Eighteen years later the first telegraph office was set up, mostly through the efforts of David Berup.
In 1841, the town of Theresa was organized into a separate township from the town of Alexandria, which it had been previously part of. The village of Theresa was incorporated in 1871. In 1859, the first of Theresa's great fires took place. The fire destroyed two houses (one was the first house built in Theresa), three sawmills, one wood-working shop, one iron-working machine shop, and a gristmill. The bridge was also destroyed. Despite the fire in 1859, the town of Theresa was one of the most popular manufacturing and trading hubs in the North Country, even without a railway. The first railway to run through Theresa was the Black River and Morristown Railroad in 1872. In the 1880s, Theresa continued its growth with a population increase of around 1,200 people, and with this new and higher population the businesses grew larger. By this time ordinary precautions were taken to prevent disaster, but nothing was being done to guard against fire. In 1890, the second of the great fires took place. This fire swept through the business district of the town, destroying almost every business in Theresa. The total loss of property was 150,000 dollars with only about 100,000 in insurance. The fire destroyed 40 buildings, but this was somewhat good because it led to the building of more modern and attractive buildings. The fire also gave cause to build a town hall with businesses in the bottom and the upper floor being used for meetings and entertainment. The revenue from the businesses provided enough money for the town to build a village and fire hall and a fire department with some of the best equipment of the day.
In later years the town started to focus on infrastructure, political, and recreational needs. In 1896, the Theresa Town Board appointed William Cheeseman the first attendance officer for schools outside the village because of the education laws of 1894. The first library in Theresa was created in 1900. The Town Board rented some lower rooms in the town hall to the Theresa Library Association for one dollar a year. In 1901 the town ordered the building of an iron bridge at Hanson Crossing to replace the failing bridge at the site. Theresa established the Board of Town Fire Commissioners in 1931 and established the Town Fire District, which encompassed the entire town. Six years later the first U.S. Standard Voting Machines were purchased for the town and the election districts redrawn. As of 1980, both the voting machines and the districts were still being used by the town. In 1975, Theresa received a grant from the E.J. Noble Foundation for a little less than $31,000 and was the first town in the state to receive such a grant. Then in 1976, a skating rink and warming house were built using funds from the Comprehensive Employment Training Act, Theresa Rotary Club, and the Village and Town of Theresa. Two years later the town purchased of land to construct a park which would contain the skating rink and then include a tennis and basketball court and other "unforeseen" facilities.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 6.87%, are water.
The northeastern town line is the border of St. Lawrence County.
The Indian River flows northeasterly through the town. Most of the northeastern part of the town is covered by lakes or swampland.
New York State Route 26 and New York State Route 37, partially combined, are north-south highways in Theresa. New York State Route 411 is an east-west highway that ends at NY-37, west of Theresa village. NY-411 intersects Interstate 81 at the west town line.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,414 people, 869 households, and 641 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.9 people per square mile (14.2/km2). There were 1,646 housing units at an average density of 25.2 per square mile (9.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.14% White, 1.70% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 869 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.2% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,953, and the median income for a family was $39,519. Males had a median income of $29,698 versus $22,841 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,027. About 14.1% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people of Theresa
One of the most notable people of Theresa was the famous highwayman Black Bart. He was born near Moon Lake as either Charles E. Boles or C.E. Bolton. When he was able to strike out on his own he moved to Illinois to join the Union Army during the Civil War. From there he set off to Hannibal, Missouri, where he allegedly left behind a wife and then from there to San Francisco to make a name for himself. While in California Bart began to dine with stagecoach drivers and learned all the movements they made. For eight years he was the "Scourge of Wells Fargo" and committed twenty-seven successful robberies. Bart's downfall was a botched robbery November 3, 1883, when in the commotion he lost a magnifying glass, fieldglass case and a handkerchief that would ultimately lead to his arrest. Bart spent the next four years in San Quentin State Prison for robbery and was released January 23, 1888. After being released Bart vanished and was never seen again. Some people believe that he was paid off by Wells Fargo to stop him from hitting any more coaches, but his disappearance is a mystery.
Another notable figure from the town was a man named Jim Biggers who was a town character and local mystery man. Not much is known about the origin of Biggers. He was a wandering man sleeping where he could find a cave, barn, or tree big enough to support him. The people of town generally liked Biggers and would give him handouts of food and clothing, which he would take gratefully. In the winter he would be seen with multiple pairs of pants and shirts to help him keep warm. Biggers was very wise in the ways of mathematics. He would help anyone with any problem they had and seemed to know the answers by heart. Biggers generally knew the news from the town and world, so shopkeepers would keep an open chair for him to get the information of the day. Biggers also always knew when the big shows were coming to Watertown and would walk all day to see the performances. In his declining years he was taken to a country home until his death.
Roswell P. Flower, born in Theresa in 1835, graduated from Theresa High School and went on to serve as assistant postmaster of Watertown, N.Y. 1854-1860, a Congressman representing New York in the 47th, 51st and 52nd Congresses, and Governor of New York from 1891 until 1895. The Presbyterian Church in Theresa has a plaque and dedication for the Flower family.
Nicholas Doxtater Yost, related by marriage to Governor Flower, traveled from Johnstown, New York, to the Parker Settlement, now called Theresa in 1837, purchased land and settled down. Nicholas' son George, who become a prominent citizen, built a house that survived the great fires of Theresa. The most prominent Yost descendant was United Nations Ambassador Charles W. Yost.
Born in Theresa, Roscoe Drummond (1902–1983) was a political journalist known for his long association with The Christian Science Monitor and a widely syndicated column, "State of the Nation", that he wrote for more than 50 years,
Communities and locations in Theresa
Bartletts Corners – A hamlet by the southeastern town line, south of Red Lake.
Butterfield Lake – A lake at the northwestern town line, partly in the town.
Chapel Corners – A location on County Road 21, by Lake of the Woods.
Coopers Corners – A hamlet on combined routes NY-26 and NY-37, and County Road 193, west of Theresa village.
Crystal Lake – A lake near NY-26 by the northwestern town line.
Douglas Crossing – A hamlet on NY-37, located south of Theresa village.
Grass Lake – A lake partly in the town and partly in St. Lawrence County.
Hyde Lake – A lake on the western side of Theresa.
Indian River – A stream flowing through the town.
Indian River Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area in the town.
Lake of the Woods – A lake in the northern part of town, south of Grass Lake.
Millsite Lake – A lake by the northwestern town line, south of Butterfield Lake.
Moon Lake – A lake south of Bartletts Corners and Red Lake.
Muskellunge Lake – A lake near the northeastern corner of Theresa, east of Bartletts Corners.
Red Lake – A lake by Bartletts Corners and the northeastern town line.
Rivergate – A hamlet on County Road 46 and the Indian River, south of Theresa village.
Shurtleff Corners – A location on the southeastern town line on NY-26.
Sixberry Lake – A lake south of Millsite Lake.
Stills Corner – A location by the western corner of Theresa.
Stroughs Crossing – A location on NY-411 in the western part of the town.
Theresa – A village on the Indian River and NY-26.
References
External links
Town of Theresa official website
Early Theresa history
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watertown%2C%20New%20York%20%28town%29 | Watertown, New York (town) | Watertown is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 4,470 at the 2010 census. The town is located in the central part of the county and borders the city of Watertown to the south, east, and west. As the city has a population of 24,685, or six times the town's population, references to "Watertown, New York", usually apply to the city rather than the town.
History
Numerous sites of aboriginal habitation were found by early surveyors of this region. The region was later part of Macomb's Purchase.
Watertown was established as a town in 1800 from Mexico before the formation of Jefferson County, while still in Oneida County. The towns of Rutland (1802) and Hounsfield (1806) were soon formed from parts of Watertown.
The town was first settled in 1800 around the time of the first permanent US military presence in the region, which was established at nearby Sackets Harbor to guard the international border and to fight smuggling in the St. Lawrence region.
In 1816, the community of Watertown set itself off from the town by incorporating as a village. It became a city in 1869.
The John Losee House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.28%, are water. The town is bordered to the north by the city of Watertown and by the Black River.
The town of Watertown is in central Jefferson County, and is bordered to the north by the city of Watertown and the towns of Brownville, Pamelia and Le Ray, to the east by the town of Rutland, to the south by the towns of Adams and Rodman, and to the west by the town of Hounsfield.
Interstate 81 passes through the western part of the town. U.S. Route 11 is a north-south highway running parallel to I-81 through the town. New York State Route 3, New York State Route 12, New York State Route 12F, New York State Route 126, and New York State Route 232 are east-west highways through Watertown. Many of these highways converge in the city of Watertown.
The area is served by Watertown International Airport to the west in the town of Hounsfield.
Three full-power television stations, WPBS, WWNY (CBS) and WWTI (ABC), currently serve the Watertown area.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,482 people, 1,407 households, and 1,018 families residing in the town. The population density was 124.6 people per square mile (48.1/km2). There were 1,502 housing units at an average density of 41.7 per square mile (16.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 83.94% White, 11.24% Black, 0.33% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.39% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.85% of the population.
There were 1,407 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 37.6% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 143.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 158.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $41,961, and the median income for a family was $46,563. Males had a median income of $35,475 versus $21,638 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,786. About 3.8% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Burrville (formerly "Burrs Mills") – A hamlet near the eastern town line on NY-12. The name is from Captain John Burr and his family, early settlers. The community was an early rival for another community which became the City of Watertown.
Dry Hill – High ground in the southern part of the town and the location of a skiing area. The name is based on the relatively low level of the water table in the area (making it very difficult to draw a successful water well in the area).
East Watertown – A hamlet near the eastern town line on NY-126.
Fields Settlement – A location at the western town line on County Road 63.
Huntingtonville – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town by the Black River. It is now a suburb of the city.
Rices – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on Route 232 by Interstate 81.
Rices Junction – A location northeast of Rice on Route 232.
Watertown Center – A hamlet on US 11 at County Road 116. Watertown Center is the location of the town government.
References
External links
Town of Watertown official website
Town of Watertown early history
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Jefferson County, New York | [
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259851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watertown%2C%20New%20York | Watertown, New York | Watertown is a city in, and the county seat of, Jefferson County, New York, United States. It is approximately south of the Thousand Islands, and situated along the Black River about east of its mouth into Lake Ontario. The city is bordered by the town of Watertown to the south, east, and west, and is served by the Watertown International Airport and Watertown Daily Times. In the middle of the city lies the Public Square Historic District, which was built in 1805 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1984, encompassing 58 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and three contributing objects. Watertown is located southwest of Fort Drum, and is the service and shopping destination for the fort's personnel. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city has 24,685 residents.
The area was first surveyed in 1796, and was settled in March 1800 due to the abundant Hydropower the Black River provided. The city was designated as the county seat of Jefferson County after it was split off from Oneida County in 1805. The city was incorporated as a village in 1816, and incorporated as a city in 1869. In the late 19th century, the city began to boom as an industrial center for Upstate New York. By the early 20th century the city was said to have more millionaires per capita than any other city in the nation. During the mid 1960s, Chicago boomed as the industrial center of the United States, and attracted many of the younger residents from the area along with their businesses, leading to many historic buildings being demolished which began a steady decline in population. By 2000, the city had lost over 7,000 residents.
Today the city serves as the commercial and financial center for a large rural area. Since the city is located just from the international boundary with Canada via the Thousand Islands Bridge, shopping by Canadian visitors is an important part of the local economy. It also is part of an area receiving numerous tourists and summer residents annually. Watertown, South Dakota, was named in the city's honor.
Etymology
The city was named because of the adjacent Black River, which flows directly alongside the center of the city, dropping in elevation at numerous locations. It is unknown which settler chose the name of the city, but it is commonly believed that a consensus was reached between the early pioneers. The name was chosen to attract mills. By 1850, Watertown and nearby areas saw the construction of paper mills, grist mills, textile mills, saw mills, and other types of mills that were powered from the Black River.
History
Archaic period
After the pleistocene period, the area was submerged in glacial lake until .
Early Modern Period
This was long part of the territory of the Iroquois Confederacy. In historic times, the Onondaga and the Mohawk had occupied this area. After the American Revolutionary War, they and other Iroquois nations were forced to cede most of their land to the United States under the terms of peace mediated by Great Britain.
Precolonial and colonial eras
In 1791 New York City resident Alexander Macomb purchased the land of Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence and Oswego county. He sent out multiple surveyors to sell the land to passing settlers. The area of Watertown was first surveyed in 1796 by Benjamin Wright, who was employed by Macomb to survey the northern and central portions of New York State. Wright made the following statement about the land after returning: "Along the river there is some good land and some that is broken and rocky. The river is amazing rapid and rocky; some falls along the river which may be made good mill seats, and some excellent pine timber along the river. On the east line is a fine country. The west line is of good quality. There are some fine mill seats in this town which on the map are marked 'falls' and 'rapids.' To speak generally I think this to be an excellent town-ship, and scarcely any poor land upon it. Will settle very fast, if laid in lots and sold to settlers." In 1798, pioneers Hart Massey, Henry Coffeen, and Zachariah Butterfield built cabins in what is now the Public Square as part of a large migration into New York from New England after the Revolutionary War. The land was very uneven territory and was leveled out in one of the first landfill projects in the United States. The town was settled on March 14th, 1800 when Coffeen moved his family into Watertown. These pioneers chose the area due to the Black River, which flowed west into Lake Ontario about five miles away. The pioneers' vision was for an industrial center that would draw power from the river. In 1805, settlers cleared the center of town to create the Public Square. During the nineteenth century, several significant buildings were constructed around it. Together these have been designated as a historic district and it is listed on the . On March 28, 1805 Watertown was designated as the county seat of Jefferson County after it was split split from Oneida County. At the time, Watertown was one of the least populated places in the county. Watertown was incorporated as a village on April 5, 1816. On May 8, 1869, it was incorporated as a city.
Due to the close proximity to Lake Ontario, Watertown became a popular location for transporting supplies into Canada, which helped Watertown's economy. As industry and businesses flourished, successful residents built substantial retail buildings, churches, and private residences close to the square. After the Embargo Act of 1807 was passed which prohibited trade with Britain and France, which at the time included Canada. The economy suffered as a result and eventually led to smuggling materials into Canada, leading to the War of 1812. During the Civil War, the 35th New York Infantry Regiment began in Watertown.
The Paddock Arcade, built in 1850 according to European and US models, is the oldest continuously operating enclosed mall in the United States. It is also listed on the , as are several mansions and churches, such as the Emma Flower Taylor Mansion and the Trinity Episcopal Church. The drop in the Black River at Watertown's location— in the center of town, and over —provided abundant water power for early industry. By the mid-19th century, entrepreneurs had built paper mills and major industries, including one to manufacture the first portable steam engine in 1847. In the late 1940s Watertown saw an influx in population from the Irish migration into the area during the great potato famine. On May 13, 1849 a fire began in the public square that destroyed most of the surrounding buildings. In 1851, the city was joined to Albany, Syracuse, and Rochester as well as other major cities of the state with the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. Other mills were added to the business base, generating revenue to support the city's early public works projects, such as the water system and illuminating gas works in 1853, and a telephone system in 1879. Watertown claims that Rodman native Frank W. Woolworth conceived the idea of his eponymous mercantile chain while working here in 1878. Woolworth, then employed as a clerk in Moore's Store, set up a successful clearance display of low-priced items. This led to his idea of a store specializing in fixed-price, cut-rate merchandise. Woolworth left Watertown and opened his first store in 1879 in Utica, New York, located to the southeast in the state. Among the many manufacturing businesses was the Davis Sewing Machine Company, which originated in Watertown. It was the predecessor to George P. Huffman's Huffy Corporation (NYSE: HUF), now a maker of bicycles and other sporting goods. In 1920, the city adopted a city manager-style of government.
Contemporary history
In the late 1890s, multiple new factories and industries were established which began a rise in population, increasing by over 17,000 in the span of thirty years. The city gained a reputation for gambling and prostitution. An early industrial city that earned great wealth for many of its citizens by the turn of the 20th century, Watertown also developed an educated professional class of doctors and lawyers. The economic center of the country kept moving west following the development of the frontier and a shift of population into the Midwest.
After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 Watertown had to shut down many stores and lay off a considerable amount of their workforce, leading to economic hardships until World War II when Watertown's industries switched from consumer products to supplies for the war, which boosted the economy.
Little Trees were developed in Watertown in 1951; The Car-Freshner Corporation headquarters and manufacturing plant is located here as well. In the 1960s and 1970s, Watertown began a large de-industrialization which destroyed many historic buildings, such as the Hotel Woodruff and old courthouse. Watertown suffered economic and population declines. As Chicago boomed, it attracted many of the younger people from upstate New York for its business and professional opportunities. By the 1980s, unemployment in the area was up 20%. In the 21st century, the city serves as a hub for a large rural area. In early 2019, Watertown was named "The Least Politically Prejudiced Place in America" by Amanda Ripley.
Geography
Watertown is around northwest of Syracuse, south of the Thousand Islands and northwest of New York City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and (3.45%) are water. Before the area was settled, all the land was rough and forested. Elevation was also a problem. The Black River flows westward through the city toward Lake Ontario. The river is a world-renowned kayaking destination. Competition-level kayaking events, such as the Blackwater Challenge, have been held on the river.
Climate
Watertown has a humid continental climate or hemiboreal climate(Köppen: Dfb), with cold, snowy winters and an atypical autumn maximum precipitation regime, this being far more common in areas on the west coasts of landmasses. Unless otherwise noted, all figures cited below are from the GHCN station located closer to downtown.
Winters can be very cold: temperatures remain at or below the freezing mark on an average 54 days annually, and fall to or below on an average 20 nights. Moreover, Watertown is located in plant hardiness zone 4b, which means that one can expect the temperature to drop below at least once per year.
Summers are mild to warm, and temperatures of or above on average occur on only 3.1 days annually. Record temperatures range from on December 29, 1933, up to on July 20 and 27, 1894, although the airport has dropped to as low as on January 16, 1994.
Precipitation averages , and is distributed fairly uniformly throughout the year, with slightly more during autumn and slightly less during spring and late winter. Since Watertown is situated near the eastern edge of Lake Ontario, it receives a bountiful amount of lake-effect snow, averaging of snowfall per winter.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 26,705 people, 11,036 households, and 6,500 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 12,450 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 89.13% White, 4.95% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.59% of the population.
In 2009, the population was estimated at 27,489. There were 11,036 households, out of which 31.9% had residents under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,429, and the median income for a family was $36,115. Males had a median income of $31,068 versus $21,294 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,354. About 14.4% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those aged 65 or over.
As of the 2010 US Census, there were 27,023 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the village was 86.25% White, 6.04% African American, 0.58% Native American, 1.83% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 1.33% from other races, and 3.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.59% of the population.
As of the 2020 US Census, there were 24,685 people with 7.9% of residents being under the age of 5, 23.5% under 18, and 12.9% being over the age of 65, with 49.5% of residents being female and 50.5% being male. There were 10,867 households with 43.3% of the houses being made up of individuals. The population density was 2,996.0 per square mile (4821.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.8% White, 8.5% Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 7.8% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% Pacific Islander, or 4.4% of two or more races.
Economy
During the 2020 US Census the median price for owner-occupied housing units was US$133,400, with the median income for a household being $40,253. Because the city is located from the Canada–United States border via the Thousand Islands Bridge, shopping by Canadian visitors is an important part of the local economy. In the 1980s, unemployment in the area was up 20%, and property values rapidly decreased. After Fort Drum was established, Watertown's industry shifted from Industrial to Consumer products.
Industry
The city contains Factory Square, of factories that were once powered by the Black River. In the 1880s and 1890s, multiple new factories were established, which began a boom in popularity. In 1900 3,760 workers were employed into the factories. Immediately adjacent to the factories and river was a prominent saloon district, which became a prominent location for scams, and the Watertown Daily Times often referenced workers being scammed by "tinhorn gamblers and short-card men". In fall 2019, the city began a Revitalization program for Sewall’s Island and Factory Square in hopes to help attract new investments, businesses, and identify transformational projects in the area. The city was awarded a Strategic Planning and Feasibility Studies grant from the New York State Department of State which was used to pay for the plan.
Arts and culture
The Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library is a library in the city as a memorial to Roswell P. Flower by his daughter, Emma Flower Taylor. It was built in 1904 and opened on January 4, 1905. The area also has a large Amish population.
Historic sites
Watertown contains a number of historic buildings and districts. Buildings on the NRHP include the Paddock Mansion (added December 11, 1979), the Watertown Masonic Temple (added January 23, 1980), and the Emerson Place (added April 18, 2003), as well as several buildings inside the Public Square Historic District (added September 7, 1984). The Jefferson County Courthouse Complex is an example of the substantial architecture of the city.
Sports
The Duffy Fairgrounds is currently home to two sports teams. The Watertown Rapids of the Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League have played here starting in 2017, following several professional teams. The Watertown Wolves have played at the municipal arena at the fairgrounds since 2012. They are a member of the Federal Prospects Hockey League and have won two titles, in 2015 and 2018.
After first hosting a minor league baseball team in the 1888 Eastern International League, Watertown and Duffy Fairgrounds hosted several others. The Watertown Bucks of the Can-Am League (1936), the Watertown Athletics of the Border League (1946-1951), the Watertown Pirates (1983-1988) and Watertown Indians of the New York-Penn League (1989-1998) played at the Duffy Fairgrounds. Watertown teams were an affiliate of the Boston Bees (1936), Pittsburgh Pirates (1983-1988) and Cleveland Indians (1989-1998).
Parks and Recreation
Thompson Park is about of park designed by John Charles Olmsted, designer of Central Park. The park was gifted to the city in 1916. The park contains Zoo New York, which began in 1920 when the Northern New York Trust Company donated two whitetail deer to Thompson Park and the City of Watertown. The following are also located inside the park:
of children's playground
A stone pavilion building with benches
Small stone stairways that serve as a hiking trail
The hills are often used as sledding areas
The Watertown Golf Club
Tennis courts
Outdoor skating area
Cross-country ski trails
Government
The city's government was created after the villages incorporation in 1816. The act provided for the election of five trustees, one for each ward. These extended to the formation of a fire department, the construction of water works and regulation of streets. On May 1, 1816, the first village election was held, at which Timothy Burr was chosen President. March 22, 1832, the village trustees were empowered by an act of the Legislature to borrow not to exceed $2,000, to improve the fire department. An act was passed April 16, 1835, authorizing the erection of a market. On April 16, 1852, the boundaries of the village were extended and two wards added, making seven total. The officers consisted of a President, three Assessors, a Clerk, a Treasurer, a Collector and two police constables. Elections were held on the first Monday in March. Watertown is served by the Watertown Police Department and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office.
Education
Watertown is served by the Watertown City School District. The elementary schools are North, Ohio, Knickerbocker, Sherman, and Starbuck. The higher-level schools are H.T. Wiley Intermediate School, Case Middle School, Watertown High School, Immaculate Heart Central Elementary, Intermediate, and Junior and Senior High Schools, the Catholic and secular educational institutions. There is also a Faith Fellowship Christian School. Jefferson Community College (JCC) is located in the northwestern part of the city and serves as the only institution of Higher Education in around a 50 mile radius. It was started in 1961 and is part of State University of New York (SUNY).
Media
The local newspaper, the Watertown Daily Times, is published seven days a week and serves Jefferson, St. Lawrence and Lewis counties. The Fort Drum Mountaineer is a weekly newspaper for Fort Drum soldiers and their dependents.
The Watertown market is served by four commercial television stations. The oldest is Carthage-licensed, CBS-affiliated WCNY-TV (channel 7), put on the air in 1954 by the publishers of the Watertown Daily Times. The station changed its call letters to WWNY-TV in 1965. After an unsuccessful struggle against the Federal Communications Commission and its directive for newspapers to divest themselves of television stations held within the same market, the Daily Times sold WWNY-TV to United Communications Corporation of Kenosha, Wisconsin, in 1981.
In 2001, United Communications entered into an agreement with Smith Broadcasting to operate a Fox network affiliate with low-power transmitters in Watertown and Massena. After a year of joint operation, UCC took complete ownership of WNYF-CD/WWNY-CD (channel 28). Both WWNY and WNYF were sold to Atlanta-based Gray Television in 2019.
Watertown is also served by PBS member stations WPBS-TV/WNPI-DT (channels 16/18), NBC affiliate WVNC-LD (channel 45), which also operates the area's MyNetworkTV affiliate on its LD2 subchannel, and ABC affiliate WWTI-TV (channel 50), which also operates the area's CW affiliate through The CW Plus.
Radio
Watertown is served by a number of radio stations:
WATN 1240 AM News/Talk
WBDR 106.7 FM (Copenhagen) Top 40
WBLH 92.5 FM (Black River) Classic hits
WCIZ-FM 93.3 FM Classic hits
WFRY-FM 97.5 FM Country music
WJNY 90.9 FM Classical
WKWV 90.1 FM Christian Contemporary (K-Love)
WNER 1410 AM Sports
WOTT 94.1 FM (Calcium) Classic Rock
WRVJ 91.7 FM Public radio
WSLJ 88.9 FM Public radio
WTNY 790 AM Talk
WTOJ 103.1 FM (Carthage) Adult Contemporary
WWTJ-LP 96.9 FM Religious Teaching
Infrastructure
The city is known partially because of its various late 19th century styles of architecture, including Eastlake as seen in the Paddock Mansion, Colonial Revival as seen in the Emerson Place and Queen Anne as seen in the Emma Flower Taylor Mansion.
Transportation
Watertown was the nexus of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, which was later absorbed into the New York Central Railroad (NYC) network. Watertown sat at the junction of five different lines, as trains from Syracuse, Rome, Oswego, and Utica passed through Watertown on their way to points along the St. Lawrence River (principally, Ogdensburg and Massena) and to Canada. The Watertown passenger station, situated along the Black River behind Public Square at what is now J.B. Wise Place, was described as among the finest in the system. With the decline in travel by rail after World War II, however, the last named passenger train with a sleeper section to the town was the Iroquois in 1961; the train carrying sleepers south from Watertown was the Fifth Avenue / Cleveland Limited, also ending in 1961. Passenger service to Watertown finally ended in 1964. The station itself was demolished and replaced with a parking lot. Although the rail network is greatly attenuated compared to its peak in the early 20th century, CSX Transportation still transports freight by rail through Watertown.
Interstate 81 runs through the Watertown area. It is a north-south route that runs from near Dandridge, Tennessee north to Hill Island, Ontario, connecting via the Thousand Islands Bridge and a short connecting road to Highway 401 across the Canada–US border. Interstate 81 passes just to the west of the city of Watertown, near Salmon Run Mall. Access to the highway is from Exits 45 (Route 3), 46 (Route 12F), and 47 (Route 12).
U.S. Route 11 runs from eastern New Orleans, Louisiana, to its northern terminus at the Canada–United States border in Rouses Point, New York. U.S. Route 11 runs north-south through the city of Watertown.
Many state highways converge on the city. New York State Route 3 is an east-west route that begins in Sterling and heads north and east to Watertown. NY 3 interchanges with I-81 at the city line. NY 3 heads east into Watertown, overlapping with both US 11 and NY 12 through downtown prior to leaving the city to the northeast to head through the Adirondacks to Plattsburgh.
New York State Route 12 is a north-south route through the city, extending northward to Clayton then following the St. Lawrence Seaway to Morristown. A spur, NY 12E, takes a slightly-longer path through Cape Vincent before rejoining NY 12.
New York State Route 12F is a spur connecting NY 12 in downtown Watertown to New York State Route 180 near the Watertown International Airport in Dexter.
Adirondack Trailways serves both Syracuse, to the south, and Potsdam, to the east, on its U.S. Route 11 run. CitiBus also serves Watertown.
Watertown International Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport located in Hounsfield, west of Watertown's central business district of Watertown. American Eagle has scheduled flights to and from Philadelphia.
Notable people
Historic
During the late 19th century through the mid 20th century, Watertown became known for it's extensive list of politicians born in or who studied in the city, notable examples include John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, who attended public schools in the city. The tallest building in the city, the Dulles State Office Building was named after Foster Dulles, and was built in 1970. Robert Lansing was born in Albany, New York in 1799 and moved to Watertown in 1817. Robert Lansing was born in Watertown and until 1907 he was a member of the law firm of Lansing & Lansing at Watertown and went on to become the 42nd United States Secretary of State. Joseph Mullin was born in Ireland and grew up in Watertown, and went on to be Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 19th district. Joseph Mullin was born in Watertown and was a member of the New York State Senate from 1892 until his death in 1897. Roswell P. Flower was born in Theresa and became Deputy Postmaster of Watertown in 1853, becoming 30th Governor of New York from 1892 to 1894. The Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library was named after him. Frank Winfield Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York and attended a business college for two terms in Watertown, New York where he came up for the idea of a five-and-dime.
Contemporary
Eric Anzalone was born in Dayton, Ohio, but grew up in Watertown, he was the leatherman of the group Village People from 1995 to 2017. Antonio Blakeney was born in Watertown and became a shooting guard for the Cleveland Charge. In May 2021, he was arrested for armed robbery but bonded out of jail. Bob McCreadie was born in Watertown and was a racer at the Watertown Speedway before it's closure in 1975. Mary Gay Scanlon was born in Watertown and is a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
In popular culture
Frank Sinatra's 1970 concept album Watertown explores the life of a middle-aged man in Watertown, whose wife has left him and his children.
Harry Chapin made a famous quote—"I spent a week there one afternoon"—about Watertown. His song "A Better Place to Be" was inspired by a story he heard in Watertown. Chapin mentioned both the quote and the origin of the song on his 1976 album Greatest Stories Live.
In the 2005 film Robots, the fictional town of Rivet Town is based on Watertown, where Robots director Chris Wedge lived during his teens.
Watertown was the given setting for the 1990 Bette Midler film Stella. While the movie was filmed in Ontario, several local items were taken there to be shown in the film, including the local daily newspaper, taxi-cabs, and shopping bags from the locally owned Empsall's department store.
Writer Fred Exley grew up in Watertown, and he set much of his 1968 novel A Fan's Notes in the city.
References
Citations
External links
1800 establishments in New York (state)
Watertown (city), New York
Cities in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Cities in Jefferson County, New York
Populated places established in 1800
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259852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croghan%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Croghan (village), New York | Croghan is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. Its population was 618 at the 2010 census.
The village is situated mainly in the southern part of the town of Croghan, with a small part in New Bremen. The town and the village were both named after George Croghan, a soldier in the War of 1812.
The village slogan, which reflects Croghan's proximity to the Adirondack Mountains, is "In the Foothills of the Adirondacks".
History
The village was once a booming region for the lumber industry. During the late 19th century, one particularly influential member of the local community was millionaire lumber baron Theodore B. Basselin, whose estate sat on the corner of Main Street and Bank Street. His mansion remains there to this day. Basselin is buried in a private family plot along Main Street, next to the village library, which once served as the opera house.
Croghan survived two major fires in the early 1900s, the first of which claimed the lives of two small children. The fire started next to where Stumps Tavern now sits along Main and Mechanic and engulfed most of the village, even burning down the massive Catholic church and divinity school.
The village now takes great pride in its "world famous Croghan Bologna", produced and sold at the Campany family's meat market. The village was a center of the pure maple syrup industry before a microburst in the mid-1990s which brought extremely high winds, destroying many of the older, larger trees.
Croghan is popular with avid outdoorsmen from throughout the country who visit the area in the summer for fishing and camping, in the fall for hunting, and in the winter for sledding.
Geography
Croghan is located northeast of the center of Lewis County at (43.892068, -75.391207), at the junction of New York State Routes 126 and 812. It is primarily in the southern part of the town of Croghan, but a small portion of the village crosses into the town of New Bremen to the south.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
The Beaver River, a tributary of the Black River, flows through the village. Croghan is northeast of the county seat, Lowville.
Adjacent communities
Kirschnerville is to the east of Croghan, New Bremen to its south; Beaver Falls is down the Beaver River to the west, and Belfort up the river to the northeast.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 665 people, 284 households, and 178 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,525.7 people per square mile (583.5/km2). There were 323 housing units at an average density of 741.1 per square mile (283.4/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.65% White, 0.60% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.45% Asian, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.
There were 284 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $26,304, and the median income for a family was $37,969. Males had a median income of $27,969 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,183. About 6.7% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.
Places of interest
The American Maple Museum, located on Main Street, was formerly the Father Leo Memorial School. The Croghan Meat Market, which is home of the "world famous Croghan Bologna", is located on Main Street in the business district. Good Ol' Wishy's, an old fashioned soda fountain, the Croghan Candy Kitchen, and Vinny's Pizzeria are also located on Main Street.
References
External links
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Lewis County, New York | [
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259853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croghan%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Croghan (town), New York | Croghan is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 3,093 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northern part of the county and located northeast of the county seat, Lowville. The town contains a village also named Croghan, a small part of which is located in the adjacent town of New Bremen. Both the village and town are locally pronounced \Krō-gun\ (with a hard g and silent h, emphasis on the first syllable).
History
The southwestern part of the town was the locale of an ill-fated colony of refugees from the French Revolution. The settlements were disbanded by 1814. Modern settlement began circa 1830.
The town was formed in 1841 from the towns of Watson and Diana. In 1848, part of the town was used to help form New Bremen.
Theodore B. Basselin played a large part in Croghan's history. Mr. Basselin came to America and settled in Croghan, where he became the town's first millionaire due to his successful logging business. He was one of the town's top employers in his day. The beautiful Basselin mansion still stands in downtown Croghan. Basselin was responsible for a few other landmarks in the town. The Croghan Library that was once the Basselin Opera House stands down the road from the Basselin mansion. Also next to the library is the Basselin Cemetery. The American Maple Museum, which is located next to St. Stephen's church, was originally the Father Leo Memorial School. The school was built from the funds of the Basselin estate.
The Croghan Island Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
1912 fire
The second great Croghan fire occurred on May 1, 1912. The fire caused considerable damage to the downtown business district of the village. 32 buildings were destroyed by the flames, with the total damage estimated to have been about $600,000. Two children, who lived in the building where the fire started, lost their lives. The fire was so large that assistance had to be provided by the Lowville Fire Department, who sent a train into town with supplies and men.
The fire had its origin in a backyard bonfire which accidentally made its way into the Grounert Café building where two children of the family were trapped in the smoke-filled building. The children were eventually rescued from the blaze, but both died almost immediately afterwards.
The firefighters, who were excited by the rescue, underestimated the danger of the fire to spread to nearby structures. Most of the buildings at the time were wooden structures, which allowed the fire to spread quickly from building to building. The spreading happened so quickly that firefighters were driven from the hydrants with no time to shut them off. This weakened the water pressure significantly, which later handicapped the effort to stop the blaze.
The fire had crossed the street, setting both sides ablaze. 32 buildings were destroyed, including the post office, a general store, Peter Shinbourne's Shoe factory, William Ritz's Café, Raymond Lee's five and ten cent store, Norman Martin's hotel and many people's homes. On the other side of the street, Monett's store, many more homes, the Town Hall, Honsicker's Meat Market, S.E. Simon's Drug Store, and Marilley's General Store were also destroyed. Marilley's Store alone lost an estimated $50,000 in damages. The Town Hall and Opera House had both been recently remodeled at large expense.
The local fire department realized that they needed assistance and made a call for help to Lowville. A train was sent with a chemical engine, of hose and a company of fifteen firemen. Much of the hose was lost because it could not be disconnected from the hydrants in time. The Farney & Steiner and Virkler feed and grist mills were destroyed along with much value in machinery. One of the mill owners lost about $200,000.
The fire was eventually stopped after firefighters concentrated their efforts. The fire ended just short of St. Stephen's Roman Catholic Church. The Franciscan monastery with the large school building connected with it was also saved. On the opposite side of the street the blaze stopped at the Basselin Mansion, both of which still stand there today.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 182.1 square miles (471.5 km2), of which 179.4 square miles (464.7 km2) are land and 2.7 square miles (6.9 km2) (1.46%) are water.
The western town line consists partly of the border of Jefferson County, and the eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County.
The Black River defines the western town line. The Indian River flows from the northwestern part of the town. The Beaver River flows through the southern part of Croghan.
New York State Route 812 is a north–south highway in the town. NY-812 intersects New York State Route 126 at the south town line. NY-126 intersects east–west highway New York State Route 410 by the western town line.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,161 people, 1,115 households, and 855 families residing in the town. The population density was 17.6 people per square mile (6.8/km2). There were 1,664 housing units at an average density of 9.3 per square mile (3.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.24% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.
There were 1,115 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $34,722, and the median income for a family was $39,267. Males had a median income of $28,712 versus $19,423 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,408. About 9.0% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town of Croghan
Beaver Falls – A hamlet west of Croghan village.
Beaver Falls Airport – An airport west of Beaver Falls. Was an emergency landing strip, but has not been used in years.
Belfort – A hamlet northeast of Croghan village, colloquially known as "The City of the Future".
Bishas Mill – A location on the eastern town line east of Jerden Falls. Both are now only cellar holes.
Croghan – The Village of Croghan is at the southern town line on NY-812 and the Beaver River.
Dutton Corners – A location in the northern part of the town, northwest of Jerden Falls.
Forest City – A hamlet northwest of Croghan village.
High Falls – A hamlet northeast of Croghan village.
High Falls Pond – A small lake located next to the hamlet of High Falls.
Indian River – A hamlet north of Croghan village on NY-812.
Jerden Falls – A location in the northern part of the town. Once had a large tannery and associated hamlet.
Karter Crossing – A location on the western town line near north Croghan Crossing.
Long Pond – A lake located by Oswegatchie Camp.
Naumburg – A hamlet at the junction of Routes NY-126 and NY-410 at the southwestern corner of the town near the confluence of the Black River and Beaver River.
North Croghan – A hamlet in Jefferson County, west of North Croghan Crossing.
North Croghan Crossing – A location at the western town line.
Oswegatchie Camp – A hamlet on the eastern town line, located northeast of Soft Maple.
Soft Maple – A hamlet near the eastern town line which consists of camps and a powerplant and a defunct gold mine.
Soft Maple Dam Pond – A lake located by the southwestern corner of the town.
Taylorville Reservoir – A reservoir located east of Belfort.
Texas – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
References
External links
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Lewis County, New York | [
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259854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowville%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Lowville (village), New York | Lowville is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 3,470. The village is in the Black River Valley, between the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains and the Tug Hill Plateau, in an area often referred to as the North Country. It is located in the center of Lewis County, in the southeastern part of the similarly named town of Lowville.
Lowville is the county seat of Lewis County. The name of both the village and town is derived from Nicholas Low, an early landowner of Dutch descent, who had emigrated with his wife and three small children from a rural village outside of Amsterdam in 1778.
History
Silas Stow, an early settler, established himself in Lowville in 1797. The village of Lowville was incorporated in 1847 and charter was adopted in 1854. It was rechartered in 1858 and designated the county seat in 1864, succeeding the community of Martinsburg.
Within the village, the Franklin B. Hough House is a National Historic Landmark, and it, along with the Bateman Hotel, Lewis County Fairgrounds, Lewis County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Lowville Presbyterian Church, and Stoddard–O'Connor House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Lowville is located in central Lewis County at (43.786662, -75.487645), in the southeast part of the town of Lowville. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. It is just west of the Black River, and Mill Creek flows eastward through the village to the river.
The village is at the junction of state routes 12, 26 and 812. Route 12 leads northwest to Watertown and south-southeast to Utica, while Route 26 leads north-northwest to Fort Drum and south to Rome. Route 812 leads north-northeast to Harrisville.
Whetstone Gulf, a canyon cut into the eastern side of the Tug Hill Plateau, is south of the village. The canyon is part of Whetstone Gulf State Park.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,476 people, 1,403 households, and 882 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,830.8 people per square mile (706.4/km2). There were 1,588 housing units at an average density of 836.4 per square mile (322.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.66% White, 0.75% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.75% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.
There were 1,403 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $32,841, and the median income for a family was $42,399. Males had a median income of $31,831 versus $21,422 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,172. About 13.9% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Governmental offices and services for the village, the town, and the county are all located in Lowville, as is the Lewis County Courthouse, which houses the state supreme court, as well as the county, family, and surrogate's courts.
Lowville's mayor is Joe Beagle. Village judges are Jennifer Scordo and Rikki Stanton. Village clerk is Pamela Roes.
Economy
Lowville is the economic hub of Lewis County. Lowville is home to many chain stores such as Walmart, Tractor Supply, Dollar General, Dollar Tree, Advance Auto Parts, Tops Markets, Stewarts shops, Kinney Drugs, Fastrac, 7-11, McDonald's, Arby's, Subway etc. It is also home to many local shops and restaurants such as Lloyd's of Lowville, Jebs, Gary's Restaurant, Café Z, Cozy Country Corner, Marguerites Emporium, and Town Hall Movie Theater.
Lowville is a manufacturing hub, with one of the largest Kraft factories the company has producing all the company's Cream cheese and Cheese sticks. Next door to Kraft is the QubicaAMF bowling pin factory, the largest bowling pin factory in the world. There are also several paper mills around the area.
Infrastructure
Health care
Lowville is home to Lewis County General Hospital which is the second largest hospital in the Lewis-Jefferson-St. Lawrence area.
Transportation
Lowville is served by New York State Route 26, New York State Route 812, and New York State Route 12.
Attractions
Lowville has many activities and things to do.
Events
Cream Cheese Festival: every September 15,000 or more people come to attended the Cream Cheese Festival which features food, music, vendors and a huge cheesecake.
Lewis County Fair: Every third week in July, from Tuesday to Saturday, is the Lewis County Fair. It features a firefighters and marching band parade, fireworks show, full midway, tractor pulls, truck pulls, a demolition derby, and a country music concert, with previous acts including Boxcar Willie, Charlie Daniels, Eric Church, Travis Tritt, Canaan Smith, Jake Owen, Easton Corbin, Jon Pardi, and Craig Morgan.
Bluegrass Festival: Every year the Maple Ridge Center hosts the BlueGrass Festival.
Night life
Lowville despite being a small town has some night life. Downtown bars include Tony Harpers Pizza and Clam Shack, Stash's Pub, Bakers, the Bateman Draft House and Jebs.
Other
The region around Lowville is known for its vast snowmobiling and four-wheeling opportunities, with thousands of people each year coming to do either.
Emergency services
Lowville is served by the Lowville Police Department under Police Chief Randy Roggie. The village is also home to the Lewis County Sheriffs Department and Corrections Center, as well as a New York State Police barracks.
Lowville is served by the Lowville Volunteer Fire Department under Chief Joe Austin. The department responds to 250 calls a year operating three engines, one ladder truck, one rescue truck, one mini pumper, two tankers and a utility pickup.
Lewis County Search and Rescue is a career/volunteer ambulance service with over 2,000 ambulance calls a year serving half of Lewis County.
Education
Lowville Academy and Central School is located in the village, where it provides a K-12 education to approximately 1,500 students. The school was founded on March 21, 1808, by charter of the New York State Board of Regents and is one of the longest continually-operating schools in New York. The school won football Class C titles in 2016 and 2019 and made it to the 2019 basketball state title game before falling 75–74 in overtime.
Lowville is home to a satellite campus of Jefferson Community College. The campus offers college credit and non-college credit courses.
Notable people
Ela Collins, US congressman
Renie Cox, skier in the 1960 Winter Olympics
Charles Dayan, US congressman
Charles Melville Dewey, painter
Franklin B. Hough, forester
Jessie Fremont O'Donnell (1860–1897), writer
Peter Ostrum, childhood actor (played Charlie Bucket in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory), now a veterinarian who resides in Lowville
Donald Planty, United States Ambassador to Guatemala
Silas Stow, land agent
References
External links
Villages in New York (state)
County seats in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1797
Villages in Lewis County, New York
1797 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowville%2C%20New%20York | Lowville, New York | Lowville is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 4,982 at the 2010 census. The town is near the center of the county and is southeast of the city of Watertown. The town of Lowville contains a village also named Lowville, which is the county seat. The town is named after Nicholas Low, an early landowner. Low was of Dutch descent, and had emigrated with his wife and three small children from a rural village outside Amsterdam in 1778. Despite popular folk etymology, the name Lowville has nothing to do with its low elevation or the lowing cattle of the many nearby dairy farms.
History
Settled in 1798 by a company from Westfield, Massachusetts, the town was formed in 1800 from the town of Mexico in Oswego County. In 1803, part of Lowville was used to form the town of Harrisburg. The village of Lowville was incorporated in 1854 and was designated the county seat in 1864, succeeding Martinsburg.
Daniel Kelley, along with his six sons, settled in Lowville in 1798, moving from Middletown, Connecticut. With the help of others, Daniel put up a sawmill and a two-story house. One son, Datus, worked in the mill. In 1867, Datus' daughter Emeline (Kelley) Huntington wrote: "By a little brook which comes down from the long hills which rise almost like mountains on either side of the Black River, stands the same old mill where Father ground the wheat and corn for the country people. Its wheel is dripping and clattering still, doing duty as faithfully as of old. While the old miller who 'picked the stones and calked the gate' when the mill was new, has laid away his earthly casket in the little burying ground far away from the roar of the water which is constantly pouring over the mill dam."
In 1810 Datus married Sara Dean and moved to Rockport, Ohio. Datus and Sara then bought Kelleys Island in Lake Erie (Ohio) and founded the community called Kelley's Island.
Agriculture and dairy farming flourished in the Lowville area because of the rich soil on the Black River Flats. With the opening of the Black River Canal in 1851, the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad in 1867, and the Lowville and Beaver Railroad in 1906, industries flourished, including QubicaAMF (largest manufacturer of bowling pins in the world) and Kraft (the largest cream cheese plant in the country).
Dedicated in 2006, the Maple Ridge Wind Farm is one of the largest wind farms in the United States. The site has 195 wind turbines, with a total capacity of 320MW (equivalent to a mid-sized power plant). Maple Ridge (formerly Flat Rock Wind Farm) provides about $10 million in benefit to the local community, with about $2 million in annual payments to 75 landowners, and $8 million in tax revenues to the region. This site has increased New York's renewable energy generation by sixfold. The project is jointly owned by Iberdrola Renewables and EDP Renewables North America (formerly Horizon Wind Energy).
Peter Ostrum, who played the role of Charlie Bucket in Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, lives in and practices veterinary medicine in Lowville.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.79%, are water.
New York State Route 177 ends at New York State Route 12 in Lowville. West-south highways New York State Route 26 and New York State Route 812 also pass through the town.
The Black River flows along the eastern side of the town.
Climate
Lowville has a humid continental climate. The warmest month is July and the coldest month is January.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,548 people, 1,796 households, and 1,172 families residing in the town. The population density was 120.3 people per square mile (46.5/km2). There were 2,033 housing units at an average density of 53.8 per square mile (20.8/km2).
There were 1,796 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $32,396, and the median income for a family was $42,358. Males had a median income of $32,375 versus $21,181 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,659. About 13.3% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.
Currently, the District Attorney (DA) Is Leanne Moser. (2 Term) The Courthouse Judge is Daniel King.
Festivals and annual events in Lowville
Every year, there is a festival to celebrate the home of the World's Largest Cheesecake, made in Lowville, by Kraft.
Communities and locations in the town of Lowville
Dadville – A hamlet northeast of Lowville village on NY-812 and the Black River.
Lowville – A village in the eastern part of the town.
Mill Creek – A stream flowing eastward through Lowville village to the Black River.
Smiths Landing – A former community on the shore of the Black River.
Stows Square – A former community, once located north of Lowville village.
West Lowville – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town at the junction of Routes NY-12 and NY-177.
References
External links
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Lewis County, New York
1800 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Turin (village), New York | Turin is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. The village is within the town of Turin and is north of the city of Rome. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 232.
History
The village was previously called "Turin Four Corners". The early village was the location of three gristmills.
Geography
The village of Turin is located on the southern edge of the town of Turin at (43.628921, -75.409355). The village is located on New York State Route 26 (State Street), which leads north to Lowville, the county seat, and south to Rome.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Mill Creek, a tributary of the Black River, flows through the northern side of the village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 263 people, 101 households, and 73 families residing in the village. The population density was 257.2 people per square mile (99.6/km2). There were 134 housing units at an average density of 131.1 per square mile (50.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.24% White, 0.38% Native American and 0.38% Asian.
There were 101 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,157. About 11.4% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.9% of those 65 or over.
References
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Lewis County, New York | [
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259857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin%2C%20New%20York | Turin, New York | Turin is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 761 at the 2010 census. Turin has a village, also named Turin. The town is south of Lowville, the county seat, and north of Rome.
History
The town was first settled circa 1797.
The town of Turin was established in 1800 from the town of Mexico (Oswego County). In 1803, part of Turin was used to create the town of Martinsburg. Another part of Turin was added to Martinsburg in 1819. The town of West Turin formed from another part of Turin in 1830.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.4 square miles (81.3 km2), of which 31.2 square miles (80.8 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.5 km2) (0.67%) is water.
The eastern town line is defined by the Black River. Part of the town is on the Tug Hill Plateau.
New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 26 are north-south highways that parallel the Black River through the town. NY-12 is closer to the river.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 793 people, 296 households, and 227 families residing in the town. The population density was 25.4 people per square mile (9.8/km2). There were 417 housing units at an average density of 13.4 per square mile (5.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.37% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.13% Asian, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.13% of the population.
There were 296 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.0% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $41,364. Males had a median income of $27,000 versus $22,321 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,930. About 8.6% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town of Turin
Burdicks Crossing – A former location on the Black River.
Glenfield – A hamlet near the Black River at the town line in the northeastern part of the town.
Gomer Hill – An elevation in the western part of Turin.
House Creek – An eastward-flowing tributary of the Black River.
Houseville – A hamlet on NY-26, north of Turin village. The community is named after its founder, Eleazer House.
Snow Ridge Ski Area – A skiing area north of Turin village.
Turin – A village on NY-26 near the southern town line.
Welch Hill – A hamlet by the southern town line, west of Turin village.
Whetstone Gulf State Park – A state park at the northern town line, north of Houseville.
In popular culture
The real-world geographic coordinates of Turin are found in an ancient temple beneath Rome, Italy in the "Da Vinci Disappearance" add-on mission for the Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood video game. It was discovered in the later game Assassin's Creed III that the coordinates marked the location of a Grand Temple hidden underground in Turin.
References
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Lewis County, New York | [
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259858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Avon (village), New York | Avon is a village in the town of Avon, Livingston County, New York, United States. The village population was 3,394 at the 2010 census, out of 7,146 people in the entire town. The village and town are named after the River Avon in England.
History
Avon was founded by European Americans along the Genesee River, across from the historic Seneca village known as Conawagus (in a transliterated spelling; also spelled as Ca-noh-wa-gas, Conewaugus, or Canawaugus, and as Ga:non'wagês in the Seneca language). The Seneca were among the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy and had occupied this territory for many hundreds of years prior to European encounter.
The Seneca village was located on the east side of the Genesee River, "about a mile above the ford". Ga:non'wagês was an important village to the Seneca during the eighteenth century. Their religious leader Handsome Lake was born here about 1735. One of his nephews, later known as Governor Blacksnake, moved here with his family shortly after his birth. He was an important war chief who allied with the British during the Revolutionary War; later he became one of the first Native Americans to publish his memoirs, aided by a fellow Seneca who translated them into English. An edited version of this memoir was published in 2005, with explanations of material about his people. The leader Cornplanter, a maternal uncle of Chainbreaker, was born in this village around 1750.
European-American (white) settlers did not reach any number until about 1785, after the Americans had gained independence in the Revolutionary War and forced the Iroquois nations who had been allied with the British to cede their lands in the region. Many of these new settlers were from New England and eastern New York. They organized the town in 1789 as "Hartford", and changed the name in 1808 to "Avon".
In the early 19th century, the village was noted as a spa and resort destination because of its nearby mineral springs. The village was incorporated in 1858. The Avon station on the Erie Railroad opened in 1865; railroads had superseded the Erie and related canals as the chief means of transportation of freight and passengers in the state. Avon was known historically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for harness racing at the Avon Driving Park.
The Aaron Barber Memorial Building, Avon Inn, First Methodist Episcopal Church of Avon, Hall's Opera Block, and J. Francis Kellogg House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Avon is located at (42.91029, -77.747687). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. The Genesee River forms the western boundary of the village. Avon is in the north part of Livingston County, near the border of Monroe County.
U.S. Route 20, New York State Route 5, and New York State Route 39 all were constructed to pass through the village or follow existing routes. Two miles to the east is Interstate 390. Rochester is to the north, Canandaigua is to the east, Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, is to the south, and Batavia is to the northwest.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,151 households, and 749 families residing in the village. The population density was 992.8 people per square mile (383.1/km2). There were 1,215 housing units at an average density of 405.2 per square mile (156.4/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.70% White, 1.85% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population.
There were 1,151 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $40,109, and the median income for a family was $53,105. Males had a median income of $40,156 versus $27,470 for females. The per capita income for the village was $22,758. About 6.4% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
, partial preview available online
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Villages in Livingston County, New York | [
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259859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon%2C%20New%20York | Avon, New York | Avon () is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. It is south of Rochester. The town population was 7,146 at the 2010 census.
The town was named after the River Avon in England.
The village of Avon is in the northwest part of the town.
History
The area around and including what would become Avon village was inhabited for millennia by Paleo-Indians and later by the Seneca people, the western-most tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy. After the Iroquois title to the land was extinguished in 1788 with the Phelps and Gorham Purchase, white and Black settlement of the area began. In 1789, Dr. Timothy Hosmer, Maj. Isaiah Thompson, William Wadsworth, and others from Hartford, Connecticut, purchased a tract east of the Genesee River and named it "Hartford" after their homeland. The town was organized in 1797. The town's name was changed to "Avon" in 1808 to avoid confusion with another Hartford in Washington County, New York. In 1818, part of the town was removed to form the new town of Rush. County lines shifted as well, Avon and Rush both being part of Ontario County until the formation of Livingston County and Monroe County in 1821.
The first permanent white settlers of Avon village were Gilbert and Maria (Wemple) Berry in 1789, who operated a tavern and a rope ferry on the east bank of the Genesee River. When Gilbert died in 1797, Maria Berry continued serving travelers in the inn until about 1812. The town's first gristmill was built by Capt. John Ganson in northwest Avon in 1789 and the first sawmill in 1797 on the Conesus Outlet built by Dr. Hosmer.
Mineral springs were an important resource of the early town. Beginning in the 1820s, people became interested in water as a therapy for all sorts of maladies, and mineral waters in particular for their reputed health benefits and even as cures. Avon, redolent in natural springs, soon became extremely popular with the afflicted. The wealthy, too, seeking relaxation and leisure, flocked to the town from far and wide. Numerous hotels and spas sprang up to take advantage of this fad, and bottling companies packaged the mineral water for sale. By the late 1890s to early 1900s, most of the hotels that had not closed due to the decline of the spa era had succumbed to fire or were soon razed. The Avon Inn is the only spa structure still standing in the town.
Points of historic interest in Avon include:
The Avon Five Arch Bridge, a remnant of a railroad bridge over the Conesus Outlet at Littleville. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
The Avon Inn, added to the National Register in 1991.
The Avon Erie Railroad Station, now a restaurant
The Barber–Mulligan Farm, added to the National Register in 1980.
Charlton Farm, a residence designed by J. Foster Warner and now a bed and breakfast
Erie-Lackawanna Railroad bridge over the Genesee River, which connects Avon to the Genesee Valley Greenway, a rail trail.
First Presbyterian Church of Avon, constructed in 1812 and added to the National Register in 2005.
Tom Wahl's, a fast food restaurant chain which has its origin in Avon as a tiny ice cream shop called the Twin Kiss.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.13%, are water.
The north town line is the border of Monroe County. The Genesee River defines the west town line, flowing northward past Avon village. Conesus Creek, flowing from Conesus Lake, empties into the Genesee, west of Avon village.
U.S. Route 20 and New York State Route 5 are east-west highways across the town and intersect New York State Route 39 in Avon village. New York State Route 15 is another north-south highway in the eastern part of the town. Interstate 390 connects the town to areas north and south.
Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
Rush
Lima Honeoye Falls
Livonia; Geneseo
York; Caledonia
Climate
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,443 people, 2,525 households, and 1,732 families residing in the town. The population density was 156.5 people per square mile (60.4/km2). There were 2,671 housing units at an average density of 64.9 per square mile (25.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.87% White, 1.54% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.38% of the population.
There were 2,525 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $43,971, and the median income for a family was $54,315. Males had a median income of $40,654 versus $25,559 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,379. About 6.2% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Ashantee – A hamlet immediately south of Avon village on NY-39.
Avon – A village in the northwest part of the town.
East Avon – A hamlet (and census-designated place) in the eastern part of the town at the intersections of NY-5, NY-15, and US-20. The First Presbyterian Church of Avon was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Littleville – A hamlet south of Avon village and adjacent to Ashantee.
North Avon – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town.
South Avon – A hamlet south of Avon village on NY-39.
South Lima – Part of the South Lima census-designated place is in the southeast corner of the town.
Sugarberry – An historic hamlet in southwestern corner of the town.
Notable people
John Hubbard Forsyth (1797-1836), defender of the Alamo
Jocko Halligan (1868–1945), Major League Baseball player
William Howe Cuyler Hosmer (1814–1877), noted poet; born in Avon
Jimmie Keenan (1899–1980), Major League Baseball player
Wilbur Murdoch (1875–1941), Major League Baseball player
Julia Ann Wilbur (1815-1895), abolitionist and suffragist
Jason Hawes-American Paranormal Research Investigator, Author, Star of Syfy's Ghost Hunters and Travel Channel's Ghost Nation, and founder of The Atlantic Paranormal Society
Avon commerce
Avon Inn, restaurant and event venue
Bank of Castile
Barilla
Kraft Foods—home of Cool Whip
Livonia, Avon and Lakeville Railroad
Tom Wahl's
Dunkin Donuts
Mortalis Brewery
References
External links
Avon Chamber of Commerce
Brief history of Avon
Towns in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
New York (state) populated places on the Genesee River
Towns in Livingston County, New York
1789 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Caledonia (village), New York | Caledonia is a village in the town of Caledonia, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 2,201 at the 2010 census, out of 4,255 in the entire town. The name refers to Scotland.
History
The town was settled around 1797 by families from Scotland. In 1803, the town was incorporated into New York as "Southampton". The name later changed to "Caledonia". The village of Caledonia was incorporated in 1891.
The village forms many associations with the adjacent hamlet of Mumford (town of Wheatland), even though they are in different counties. Wheatland was formed as the town of Inverness from the town of Caledonia in 1821. Inverness' name later changed to "Wheatland", as the town did not share the Scottish ancestry of Caledonia.
The fish hatchery at the north end of Caledonia village was built by Seth Green and is the oldest in the United States.
The Caledonia Fish Hatchery, Caledonia House Hotel and Clark-Keith House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Notable people
Angus Cameron, member of the United States Senate from Wisconsin; born in Caledonia
Matt Cappotelli, former professional wrestler
Geography
Caledonia is located in the northernmost part of Livingston County at (42.973621, -77.854309). It is southwest of Rochester, east of Batavia and north of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. The Caledonia Fish Hatchery is at the north end of the village along an unnamed creek that flows north to Oatka Creek in Mumford and is part of the Genesee River watershed.
New York State Route 36 intersects New York State Route 5 in Caledonia.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 2,327 people, 902 households and 645 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 939 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup was 93.47% White, 3.95% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.95% of the population.
There were 902 households, of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.06.
27.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.
The median household income was $44,309 and the median family income was $50,526. Males had a median income of $38,587 and females $27,917. The per capita income was $19,753. About 4.4% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over.
Community amenities
Caledonia's high school is Caledonia-Mumford Central School. The school's athletic teams are known as the Raiders. Among the stores, restaurants, and public amenities are The MarketPlace Grocery, C.S. Barber, Pizza Land, Daffies Pizza, Seth Graham Design, The Cozy Kitchen, Dollar General, Milex Drugs, Raider Lanes, Gigglin' Pig, Caledonia Library, Iroquois Hotel, and The Village Inn.
The Caledonia Fire Department was established in 1887, existing until recently as both a Rural Fire Commission and a Village Fire Department. Currently, the Caledonia Fire District is the elected body which provides oversight and for financial needs of the emergency operations. The Fire Department provides manpower for the Fire District and holds social events and fund raisers for the benefit of the membership.
Ambulance services are provided by Genesee Valley Emergency Medical Services providing two ambulances and one advanced life support fly car. These services are available for both the village and town residents and reside within the Caledonia Fire District fire hall.
References
External links
Town of Caledonia
Caledonia-Mumford Central School District
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Populated places established in 1803
Villages in Livingston County, New York
1803 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia%2C%20New%20York | Caledonia, New York | Caledonia is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,255 at the 2010 census. The town contains the village of Caledonia. The town is in the northwestern part of the county and is southwest of Rochester. It is part of the Rochester metropoloitan area.
History
The Seneca people long occupied much of present-day western New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. They had a village in this area called "Canawaugus" (or Conawagus); it was located on the west side of the Genesee River. The site has since been absorbed by the town of Caledonia. Chief Cornplanter was born here around 1750 into the Wolf clan of his Seneca mother. His father was a Dutch fur trader, John Abeel, whose family had been established in Albany. Cornplanter was known as a statesman as well as a war chief, and he was influential in inviting Quakers to teach Seneca children on his land.
The first European-American settlements did not take place until around the 1790s, after the Revolutionary War. The Seneca, as allies of the defeated British, were forced to give up most of their land to the United States. The first known permanent white settlement began in 1797. The town of Caledonia was established in 1803 as the "Town of Southampton," having previously been known as "Northampton." Settlers from Scotland renamed it "Caledonia", the Latin name for Scotland, in 1806.
Part of the territory of the town was used to form the town of Bellona in 1812; its name was changed to Le Roy (Genesee County) in 1813. As the population increased, in 1819, another part of Caledonia was removed to form part of the town of York. The town of Wheatland (Monroe County) was formed from Caledonia in 1821.
Points of Historical Interest
Caledonia Fish Hatchery, first fish hatchery in the United States; listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Caledonia House Hotel, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Clark-Keith House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Notable people
Governor Blacksnake (1700s-1859), Seneca war chief and leader, resided at Canawaugus
Matt Cappotelli (1979-2018), professional wrestler
Paul Cook (1863-1905), Major League Baseball player
Cornplanter (c. 1730s-1836), Seneca war chief and diplomat
Seth Green (1817-1888), pioneer in fish farming, established the first fish hatchery in North America at Caledonia in 1864
Handsome Lake (1735-1815), Seneca religious leader
Vivika Heino (1910-1995), noted ceramicist, born at Caledonia
Elizabeth Martha Olmsted (1825-1910), poet
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.57%, are water.
The north town line is the border of Monroe County, and the west town line is the border of Genesee County.
New York State Route 5 is an east–west route in the town. US Route 20 also crosses the southeast part of the town from west to east. New York State Route 36, a north–south highway, intersects both of these highways.
The Genesee River helps define the east town line.
Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
Wheatland
Rush; Avon
York
Pavilion; Le Roy
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,567 people, 1,671 households, and 1,268 families residing in the town. The population density was 103.5 people per square mile (40.0/km). There were 1,750 housing units at an average density of 39.7 per square mile (15.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 94.11% White, 3.50% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population.
There were 1,671 households (out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them), 61.3% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73, and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $46,359, and the median income for a family was $50,607. Males had a median income of $37,287 versus $28,159 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,611. About 3.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Baker – A hamlet in the northeast part of the town.
Caledonia – The village of Caledonia is near the north town line on NY-5 at the junction of NY-36.
Caledonia Fish Hatchery – A state fish breeding location by the north town line, north of Caledonia village on NY-36.
Canawaugus – A hamlet in the southeast part of town on NY-5. It was a former Seneca village.
Maxwell – A hamlet in the northeast part of the town.
Menzie Crossing – A hamlet northeast of Caledonia village near the north town line.
Taylor – A hamlet south of Caledonia village on NY-36.
Toggletown – A hamlet on the south town line, on US-20.
Community amenities
Caledonia's high school is Caledonia-Mumford Central School, or Cal-Mum. The school's athletic teams are known as the Raiders. Among the stores, restaurants, and public amenities are the Caledonia Village Inn, the MarketPlace Grocery, Gigglin' Pig, The Twisted Scissor Hair Studio, Seth Graham Computers & Design, Iroquois Hotel, Raider Lanes, Pizza Land, Daffies Pizza, SPLAT, the Cozy Kitchen, Dollar General, Tractor Supply, Milex Drugs, Silent Memories Photography, Caledonia Library, Creative e.d.g.e, Mackay's Antiques, Country Junction, Reflections from the Past Antiques, Pastique, Bellissimo Boutique, the Angry Rooster Deli, and the Village Gallery.
The Caledonia Fire Department was established in 1887, existing until recently as both a rural fire commission and a village fire department. Currently the Caledonia Fire District is the elected body which provides oversight and for financial needs of the emergency operations. The fire department provides manpower for the fire district and holds social events and fundraisers for the benefit of the membership. In 2013 the Caledonia Fire Department responded to 233 calls for service. More information regarding the Caledonia Fire District can be found at caledoniafiredistrict.org and on Facebook.
Ambulance services are provided by CHS Mobile Integrated Healthcare providing ambulance transport and advanced life support response. These services are available for both the village and town residents and currently housed at 3338 Caledonia-Avon Road.
References
External links
Brief history note for Caledonia
Big Springs Historical Society and Museum
Towns in New York (state)
New York (state) populated places on the Genesee River
Rochester metropolitan area, New York | [
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259864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Leicester (village), New York | Leicester is a village in the town of Leicester, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 468 at the 2010 census, out of 2,200 in the entire town of Leicester. The village and town are named after Leicester Phelps, an early inhabitant.
History
The village was formerly called "Leister" and "Moscow". It was incorporated in 1850.
The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Notable people
Daniel O. Mahoney, former Wisconsin State Assemblyman
George W. Patterson, former US congressman and lieutenant governor of New York
Eben Norton Horsford, former baking powder magnate.
Geography
The village is in western Livingston County, in the center of the town of Leicester. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. The northern border of the village is Beards Creek, an east-flowing tributary of the Genesee River.
The village is at the junction of U.S. Route 20A, New York State Route 36, and New York State Route 39. It is west of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, and southwest of Rochester.
The village is north of Mount Morris Dam at the north end of Letchworth State Park.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 469 people, 175 households, and 130 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,317.8 people per square mile (503.0/km2). There were 186 housing units at an average density of 522.6 per square mile (199.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.74% White, 0.43% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.49% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.35% of the population.
There were 175 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $55,357. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $27,386 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,752. About 6.4% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Villages in Livingston County, New York | [
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259865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%2C%20New%20York | Leicester, New York | Leicester is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 2,200 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Leicester Phelps, an early inhabitant.
Leicester is on the western border of Livingston County. The village of Leicester is at the center of the town. Leicester is west of Geneseo.
History
The area was a major stronghold of the Seneca people until the American Revolution, with three major villages: Little Beard's Town, Big Tree, and Squakie Hill. These three settlements were a target of the Sullivan Expedition in 1779, to end raids on American communities.
The town was first settled around 1789. The town was formed in 1802, but the name, originally spelled "Lester" or "Leister", was changed in 1805 to the current form. The town was later reduced in size by the creation of newer towns: Mount Morris (1813) and York (1819).
The Coverdale Cobblestone House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.01%, are water. The Genesee River forms the eastern border of the town, and the west town line is the border of Wyoming County.
The concurrent routes of U.S. 20A and New York State Route 39 form an east-west highway across the town from Pine Tavern to the eastern town line. West of Pine Tavern, US 20A and NY 39 follow separate roadways to the western town line. New York State Route 36 is a north-south highway, intersecting US-20A and NY-39 at Leicester village.
Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
York
Geneseo
Mount Morris
Castile; Perry; Covington
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,287 people, 849 households, and 640 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.2 people per square mile (26.3/km2). There were 900 housing units at an average density of 26.8 per square mile (10.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.86% White, 0.87% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.48% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.
There were 849 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $41,230, and the median income for a family was $46,652. Males had a median income of $35,450 versus $26,420 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,655. About 4.6% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Students who reside in the town of Leicester typically attend York Central School. Students living on the borders of Leicester could also attend the schools of bordering towns including Geneseo, Perry and Mt. Morris.
Notable person
George W. Patterson, US congressman
Communities and locations in the town
Beards Creek – A tributary of the Genesee River, named after native leader "Little Beard".
Big Tree – Former native community and later a reservation partly in the town.
Cuylerville – A hamlet and census-designated place northeast of Leicester village on Routes 20A and NY-39.
Gibonville – A former community in the southwest part of the town.
Leicester – The village of Leicester is centrally located in the town on US-20A at the junction with NY-36.
Letchworth State Park – A state park at the south town line.
Little Beard's Town – A former native community located near present-day Cuylerville.
Pine Tavern Corners or Pine Tavern – A hamlet southwest of Leicester village on Routes 20A and 39.
Squakie Hill – Former native community and (later) a former reservation at the Genesee River west of NY-36.
Teed Corners – A hamlet near the north town line on NY-36.
See also
New York International Raceway Park
References
External links
Brief history of Leicester, NY
City-Data.com
Towns in New York (state)
New York (state) populated places on the Genesee River
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Towns in Livingston County, New York | [
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259866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Lima (village), New York | Lima is a village in the town of Lima, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population of Lima village was 2,139 at the 2010 census, out of 4,305 in the entire town.
History
The village was founded in 1788 by Paul Davison and Jonathan Gould, veterans of the Sullivan Campaign, who had seen the area during the American Revolution. The village of Lima was organized in 1797 as the "Village of Charleston", but in 1808 the name was changed to "Lima", after Old Lyme, Connecticut. (For that reason, the name of the village is currently pronounced like the name of the bean, not like the name of the city in Peru).
The Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (1830) / Genesee College (1849) was one of the first co-educational schools in the country when it opened in 1822. Eventually, determined by a Methodist-Episcopal convention in 1870, the college was shut in favor of the newly developed Syracuse University (1871), over the protests of the residents of Lima.
Notable people
Belva Ann Lockwood, first female attorney to practice before the Supreme Court
Kenneth Keating, U.S. representative, senator, and ambassador to Israel
James Edward Quigley, former archbishop of Chicago
W. W. Thayer, former governor of Oregon
Henry Jarvis Raymond, founder of the New York Times
National Register of Historic Places
The following sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
|}
Geography
Lima is located near the northeastern corner of Livingston County at (42.906511, -77.612808), at the center of the town of Lima. It is at the intersection of conjoined New York State Route 5/U.S. Route 20 (in part, Avon Lima Road and East Main Street) and New York State Route 15A (in part Rochester Road and Plank Road). The village is east of Interstate 390, northeast of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, and south of Rochester.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. The eastern boundary of the village is formed by Spring Brook, a northward-flowing tributary of Honeoye Creek and part of the Genesee River watershed.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,459 people, 770 households, and 532 families. The population density was 1,783.4 people per square mile (688.0/km2). There were 800 housing units at an average density of 580.2 per square mile (223.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.65% White, 1.46% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.49% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.71% of the population.
There were 770 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 19.0% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $41,646, and the median income for a family was $52,102. Males had a median income of $29,966 versus $25,429 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,622. 5.3% of the population and 3.4% of families were below the poverty line. 3.4% of those under the age of 18 and 6.6% of those 65 and older are all living below the poverty line.
References
External links
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Populated places established in 1788
Villages in Livingston County, New York
1788 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima%2C%20New%20York | Lima, New York | Lima (, the name is a shibboleth) is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,305 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northeast part of the county, south of Rochester. The village of Lima is located within the town.
History
The town of Lima was organized in 1789 (before Livingston County was established) as the "Town of Charleston", but was renamed "Lima" in 1808 to reflect that many residents had come from Old Lyme, Connecticut, and to avoid confusion with the town of Charleston in Montgomery County, New York.
The Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (1830) / Genesee College (1849) in Lima village was one of the first co-educational schools in the country when it first opened in 1822. Eventually, determined by a Methodist-Episcopal convention in 1870, the college was shut in favor of the newly developed Syracuse University (1871), over the protests of the residents of Lima.
The population of Lima was 1,890 in 1920.
The Ganoung Cobblestone Farmhouse, Godfrey House and Barn Complex, Leech-Lloyd Farmhouse and Barn Complex, Leech-Parker Farmhouse, Markham Cobblestone Farmhouse and Barn Complex, Martin Farm Complex, Ogilvie Moses Farmhouse, Zebulon Moses Farm Complex, and Thomas Peck Farmhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Lima is in northeastern Livingston County. The northern town line is the border of Monroe County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Ontario County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.17%, are water. Honeoye Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the Genesee River, defines the eastern town line.
New York State Route 5 (in part, Avon-Lima Road and East Main Street) conjoined with U.S. Route 20 is a major east-west highway. New York State Route 15A, a north-south highway, intersects NY-5/US-20 in Lima village.
Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
Mendon
West Bloomfield
Richmond; Livonia
Avon; Rush
Education
Public schools in Lima are in the Honeoye Falls-Lima Central School District and include Honeoye Falls-Lima Senior High School, Honeoye Falls-Lima Middle School, and Manor Intermediate School. The Lima Primary School is in the district. The school mascot is the cougar.
As of June 2009, Genesee Community College had started construction for one of its satellite campuses. The campus was expected to be finished and open for the fall 2009 semester.
Elim Bible Institute is located in Lima village. It is a religious college that offers a two-year degree and certifications in religious study.
Lima Christian School (est. 1974) is a private school representing 15 local districts, grades K-12.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,541 people, 1,553 households, and 1,102 families residing in the town. The population density was 142.4 people per square mile (55.0/km2). There were 1,610 housing units at an average density of 50.5 per square mile (19.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.87% White, 1.04% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population.
There were 1,553 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $48,774, and the median income for a family was $57,127. Males had a median income of $40,607 versus $26,316 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,972. About 2.7% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Commins Corners – A location in the northeast part of the town.
Idaho – A location in the southeast corner of the town.
Lima – A village on NY-5/US-20.
North Bloomfield – A hamlet at the east town line in the North-Eastern corner of the town. The North Bloomfield School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
South Lima – A hamlet and census-designated place at the southwest corner of the town.
Notable people
Kenneth Keating, U.S. senator
Ken O'Dea, Major League Baseball player
James Edward Quigley, former archbishop of Chicago
Henry Jarvis Raymond, journalist, politician, and founder of The New York Times.
Andrew Jackson Thayer, U.S. congressman
References
External links
Brief history of Lima
Towns in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Towns in Livingston County, New York | [
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259868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonia%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Livonia (village), New York | Livonia is a village in the town of Livonia, Livingston County, New York, United States. U.S. Route 20A and Route 15 intersect in the village. The population was 1,409 at the 2010 census, out of 7,809 in the entire town.
Geography
Livonia is located in northeastern Livingston County at (42.820009, -77.668176), slightly west of the geographic center of the town of Livonia. Unincorporated Livonia Center is to the east, and Lakeville, another unincorporated hamlet in the town, is to the west on Route 20A. Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, is to the west, and Rochester is to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Wilkins Creek, a tributary of Conesus Lake to the west, flows across the southwestern part of the village, and Little Conesus Creek rises in the northern part of the village. The entire village is within the Genesee River watershed.
History
The region was the territory for centuries of the Seneca people, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois confederacy. They named the lake Ga-ne-a-sos, meaning "Berry Place". It was transliterated into English as "Conesus."
Solomon Woodruff, a native of Connecticut, settled here in 1789 as the first European American in the area, following the American Revolutionary War. The British ceded their territory to the United States without consulting with the Iroquois nations. Many of the Iroquois Native Americans were forced violently from the state, and settled primarily on a major reserve in Ontario.
The Seneca had to contend with Yankee settlers encroaching on their lands. Woodruff built a rough cabin, cleared a field, and planted his first crop of potatoes before returning to Connecticut for his family. He returned by oxcart with his wife to find that the Seneca had burned the cabin to the ground. (Their son died on the journey and was buried on a hilltop in Bristol, New York.) Woodruff rebuilt the cabin, and some of his descendants still reside in the area. He was buried in the Union cemetery.
The town developed between Conesus and Hemlock lakes, and was largely settled in the mid-19th century by ethnic European Americans from New England and New York. The construction of a railway line in the 1850s to Lakeville increased business opportunities and travel through the region.
The Livonia Baptist Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,373 people, 534 households, and 370 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,343.5 people per square mile (519.7/km2). There were 560 housing units at an average density of 548.0 per square mile (212.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.31% White, 0.87% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.
There were 534 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $49,688, and the median income for a family was $55,096. Males had a median income of $41,310 versus $25,069 for females. The per capita income for the village was $21,115. About 3.5% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Populated places established in 1789
Villages in Livingston County, New York
1789 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonia%2C%20New%20York | Livonia, New York | Livonia is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 7,809. The town contains a village also named Livonia. The town is on the eastern border of the county.
In the 19th century numerous migrants moved from here to the Midwest. A group settled in Michigan, naming their community Livonia.
History
The region was historically occupied by the Seneca people, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois confederacy. The Seneca inhabited the area well into the 19th century, although many were forced out after the British ceded this territory to the United States following the Revolutionary War. Pioneer Samuel Brownstone conducted violence against the Seneca and other Iroquois peoples in western New York. The Seneca had named the major lake as Ga-ne-a-sos, meaning "Berry Place". It was transliterated into English and is known as Conesus Lake.
The town developed between Conesus and Hemlock lakes. The first European-American settler was Solomon Woodruff in 1789. The area is known for abundant native berries. The town of Livonia was established in 1808 from the town of Richmond (then the "Town of Pittstown" in Ontario County). In 1819, part of Livonia was taken to form the new town of Conesus.
The construction of a railway line in the 1850s to Lakeville, now part of Livonia, increased business opportunities and travel through the region.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 6.85%, are water.
The east town line is the border of Ontario County. Most of Conesus Lake is in the western part of town; Hemlock Lake is in the south part of the town, both lakes being part of the Finger Lakes. The outlets of the lakes are at their north ends. Conesus Lake drains out via Conesus Creek at the hamlet of Lakeville, while Hemlock Lake drains via Hemlock Creek, which flows north past the hamlet of Hemlock then turns northeast to join Honeoye Creek in Ontario County. Both lakes are part of the Genesee River watershed.
U.S. Route 20A crosses the town from east to west. New York State Route 15 and New York State Route 15A are important north-south highways.
Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
Avon; Lima
Richmond
Canadice; Conesus
Geneseo
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,286 people, 2,693 households, and 1,992 families residing in the town. The population density was 190.3 people per square mile (73.5/km2). There were 3,004 housing units at an average density of 78.4 per square mile (30.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.75% White, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.
There were 2,693 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $51,197, and the median income for a family was $55,382. Males had a median income of $40,800 versus $30,578 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,967. About 2.6% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Gladden Bishop, leader in the Latter Day Saint movement
John Costik, health care innovator
Irving Crane, world champion billiards player, Billiard Congress of America Hall of Famer
Jackson Hadley, businessman and politician in Wisconsin
Jerediah Horsford, former US congressman
Forrest L. Vosler, US airman, Medal of Honor recipient
Rudy Fugle, NASCAR Cup Series crew chief for William Byron
Communities and locations in the town
Bosley Corner – A hamlet east of Livonia village on US-20A at the intersection with NY-15A.
Cedarcrest – A hamlet on Conesus Lake south of Tuxedo Park.
Glenville – A hamlet in the southeast part of the town on NY-15A.
Hartson Point – A lakeside hamlet on Conesus Lake near the south town line.
Hemlock (formerly Hemlock Lake) – A hamlet and census-designated place in the southeast part of the town on NY-15A and US-20A. It was the rival of Jacksonville in the early 19th century. The Hemlock Fairground was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Jacksonville – A former community north of Hemlock, founded around 1823, but mostly abandoned by 1856 due to its distance from a railroad line.
Lakeville – A hamlet and census-designated place in the northwest corner of the town at the north end of Conesus Lake.
Livonia – The village of Livonia on US-20A at the intersection of NY-15.
Livonia Center – A hamlet and census-designated place east of Livonia village on US-20A.
Livonia Station – A former community west of Livonia village.
McPherson Cove – A hamlet on the shore of Conesus Lake, south of Old Orchard Point.
McPherson Point – A hamlet on the shore of Conesus Lake, south of McPherson Cove.
Old Orchard Point – A hamlet on the shore of Conesus Lake south of Cedarcrest.
Sand Point – A hamlet within Lakeville at the north end of Conesus Lake.
South Lima – A hamlet and census-designated place in the north part of the town, on the boundary between Livonia and Lima.
South Livonia – A hamlet in the south part of the town on NY-15.
Tuxedo Park – A lakeside hamlet on the east shore of Conesus Lake.
All of the listed hamlets on the shore of Conesus Lake are part of the Conesus Lake census-designated place.
References
External links
Brief history of Livonia, NY
Towns in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Towns in Livingston County, New York | [
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259870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Morris%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Mount Morris (village), New York | Mount Morris is a village in the town of Mount Morris in Livingston County, New York, United States. The village population was 2,986 at the 2010 census, out of 4,465 in the entire town. The village and town are named after Robert Morris.
The village is at the northeastern entrance to Letchworth State Park, which contains a scenic gorge and triple waterfall on the Genesee River.
History
The community was first called "Allen Hill" and "Richmond Hill" by early settler Ebenezer "Indian" Allen. The village of Mount Morris was incorporated in 1835. It was named after Robert Morris, a financier of the American Revolution, and later owner of the Morris Reserve, from which the lands around Mount Morris were sold to settlers.
The main trade route in the town's early days was the Genesee Valley Canal which ran south from the Erie Canal at Rochester to Olean. The canal was abandoned in the 1870s and later used as a railroad right of way for a succession of railroads, which eventually consolidated into the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Friends of the Genesee Valley Greenway have built hiking trails along some of the canal route.
Mount Morris Academy was an important early school, but it closed in 1867.
Just upstream (west) from the village on the Genesee River is the Mount Morris Dam ( long, high), which was built between 1948 and 1952 for flood control of the lower Genesee Valley. An earlier and much smaller dam, still extant in the village, was used for mills; now it is a small hydroelectric generating station.
In the early 21st century, Greg O'Connell, a retired New York City detective and developer of properties in Red Hook, Brooklyn, bought 19 buildings along the town's Main Street in an effort to revive the downtown area.
National Register of Historic Places
The following sites and historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
|}
Notable people
Roscoe C. Barnes, who hit the first recorded home run in professional baseball and is credited with the title of the first batting champion of the National League
Francis Bellamy, author of the United States Pledge of Allegiance
Mary Seymour Howell, a native daughter, was a suffragette and associate of Susan B. Anthony. She died in 1913.
John Wesley Powell, the first white man to navigate and chart the Colorado River
Joseph Strauss, inventor, admiral in the United States Navy
Geography
Mount Morris is located in western Livingston County at (42.722996, -77.877001), in the northern part of the town of Mount Morris. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. The Genesee River forms the northern border of the village (and the town), while Allens Creek and Damonsville Creek flow through the village.
New York State Route 36 and New York State Route 408 intersect in the village. Geneseo, the county seat, is to the northeast. Interstate 390 passes east of the village, leading north to Rochester and southeast to Corning.
Climate
Compared to the rest of Upstate New York (and all of the northeastern United States), Mount Morris receives relatively little precipitation. A 1910 study reported an average annual total of of precipitation, making Mount Morris the driest place in New York. More recent data puts the annual precipitation at .
Transport
Mount Morris is on the Rochester-to-Dansville line of the Rochester & Southern Railroad. The R&S Rochester-to-Dansville line through Mount Morris was originally part of the New York (Hoboken) to Buffalo Main Line of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (DL&W). This through route, made redundant by the Erie Lackawanna merger, was downgraded in 1963 with the abandonment of a portion of the line between nearby Groveland and Wayland.
In addition to the DL&W, Mount Morris was served by three other railroads: 1) It was served by the Rochester-Avon-Mount Morris line of the Erie Railroad from c. 1860 to 1940. From 1907 to 1934 this offered frequent electric railway service from Mount Morris to Rochester. The Erie line to Mount Morris was abandoned in 1940. 2) The Dansville and Mount Morris Railroad (and predecessor Erie & Genesee Valley RR) linked its namesake communities from c. 1871 to 1940. The Mount Morris segment of the railroad was abandoned with the loss of its connection to the Erie in 1940. 3) The Pennsylvania Railroad (and predecessors) served Mount Morris from c. 1882 to c. 1963 on its Olean-Hinsdale-Rochester branch line. The PRR through Mount Morris was abandoned in 1963, and the right-of-way now forms the basis of the Genesee Valley Greenway.
Mount Morris is now the location of the junction with the R&S's branch to the Hampton Corners salt mine. The Hampton Corners line was built in the 1990s and is one of the newest railroad lines in New York state.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,266 people, 1,307 households, and 794 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,606.0 people per square mile (621.2/km2). There were 1,412 housing units at an average density of 694.3 per square mile (268.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 94.18% White, 1.13% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 2.51% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.79% of the population.
There were 1,307 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.2% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $31,792, and the median income for a family was $37,143. Males had a median income of $32,464 versus $20,052 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,107. About 12.0% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Town of Mount Morris
Letchworth State Park
Mount Morris Dam
"The Last Townie", a 2011 article from The New York Times Magazine about developer Greg O'Connell's attempts to revitalize Mount Morris
Villages in Livingston County, New York
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Villages in New York (state) | [
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259871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Morris%2C%20New%20York | Mount Morris, New York | Mount Morris is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,465 at the 2010 census. The town and village were named after Robert Morris, a Founding Father of the United States.
The town of Mount Morris has a village also called Mount Morris. The town is on the western border of the county and is home to part of Letchworth State Park.
History
The region was first settled by Europeans circa 1784. It was first known as "Allens Hill", then as "Richmond Hill". The town was formed from the town of Leicester in 1818. The former Genesee Valley Canal passed through the town.
In 1952 Mount Morris Dam was finished on the Genesee River for flood control.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.21%, are water.
The northwest town line is defined by the Genesee River. The southwestern half of the town line following the Genesee is the border of Wyoming County.
New York State Route 36 and New York State Route 408 intersect in Mount Morris village. Interstate 390 passes near the east town line.
Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
Leicester
Groveland; West Sparta
Nunda; Portage
Castile
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,567 people, 1,783 households, and 1,132 families residing in the town. The population density was 90.1 people per square mile (34.8/km2). There were 1,925 housing units at an average density of 38.0 per square mile (14.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.05% White, 0.92% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 1.93% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.49% of the population.
There were 1,783 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $32,813, and the median income for a family was $38,015. Males had a median income of $31,940 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,871. About 11.1% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.
Communities
Brooks Grove – A hamlet in the southwest part of the town on Route 408. The name is from the founder, General Micah Brooks.
Deyuitga'oh ("Where the Valley Widens") – A native village once located near where the Mount Morris Dam is currently situated.
Letchworth State Park – A state park on the west border of the town.
Mount Morris – The village of Mount Morris near the northern border of the town.
Mount Morris Dam – A dam northwest of Mount Morris village.
Ridge – A hamlet southwest of Mount Morris village on NY-408.
River Road Forks – A location west of Brooks Grove. This location has also been called "River Road".
Tuscarora – A hamlet and census-designated place in the southeast part of the town.
Union Corners – A hamlet on the town line east of Tuscarora.
Notable people
Ross Barnes, one of the early stars of the National Association and National League; born in Mount Morris
Francis Bellamy, author of the Pledge of Allegiance; born in Mount Morris
Gus Ganakas, basketball head coach at Michigan State in 1970s; born in Mount Morris
George Hastings, US congressman
Sarah Hopkins Bradford, writer and historian; born in Mount Morris
Joe La Barbera, Jazz drummer.
Mary Seymour Howell, suffragette; born and died in Mount Morris
Mary Jemison, the "White Woman of the Genesee"
Marie Boening Kendall, painter
James M. Mead, US congressman
Major General William Augustus Mills (1777–1844), who served during defense of Niagara frontier in War of 1812
Charles Gilbert Peterson, contractor
Gilbert Peterson, contractor
John Wesley Powell, a geologist and explorer; born in Mount Morris
Annie Rockfellow, architect
References
External links
Brief history of Mt. Morris, NY
Towns in New York (state)
New York (state) populated places on the Genesee River
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Towns in Livingston County, New York | [
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259872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunda%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Nunda (village), New York | Nunda is a village in the town of Nunda, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population of the village was 1,377 at the 2010 census, out of 3,064 in the entire town.
History
The village was incorporated in 1839 as "Nunda Valley". A large fire destroyed part of the village in 1852. In 1853, an attempt was made to found a new county with Nunda village as the county seat. This attempt failed.
The Union Block was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
Geography
The village is located in southwestern Livingston County at (42.580628, -77.938392), in the western part of the town of Nunda. The village is at the junction of New York State Routes 408 and 436. It is southwest of Mount Morris and west of Dansville. It is southwest of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Nunda has a total area of , all land. Keshequa Creek and Crooked Creek flow through the village. Keshequa Creek flows northeast to Canaseraga Creek near Sonyea and is part of the Genesee River watershed. Due to heavy rains and a rupture in the village water reservoir, there was a flood which ruined the brand new Keshequa Central School Middle School Gymnasium that had been completed one month before the flooding occurred.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,330 people, 505 households, and 360 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,349.9 people per square mile (518.7/km2). There were 547 housing units at an average density of 555.2 per square mile (213.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.59% White, 0.38% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.60% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.
There were 505 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $39,125, and the median income for a family was $47,368. Males had a median income of $32,404 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,960. 12.7% of the population and 10.4% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.3% of those under the age of 18 and 5.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
References
External links
Historical time line for Nunda area
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Villages in Livingston County, New York | [
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259873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunda%2C%20New%20York | Nunda, New York | Nunda (pronounced "none-day") is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 3,064 at the 2010 census. Nunda welcomes visitors with signs stating "Welcome to Nunda, a Nice Place to Live." The name is derived from Nunda-wa-ono, the name given to it by a group of the Seneca people who once lived in the hills and valleys along the Genesee River and Keshequa Creek within the present-day town. In the Seneca language, "Nunda" relates to hills, and a popular translation is "Where the valley meets the hills".
Nunda is at the southwest border of the county and contains a village also called Nunda.
History
In 1790, two small Seneca villages could be found opposite each other on the Chautauqua Hollow Trail which became State Street.
Nunda was first settled around 1806 what is now near the village of Nunda. The town was formed in 1808 from the town of Angelica (in Allegany County) before the creation of Livingston County. In 1827, part of Nunda was used to found the new town of Portage. Originally called "Nunda Valley", the name was shortened to "Nunda" by Charles H. Carroll in 1824. The village of Nunda was incorporated as "Nunda Valley" and later "Nunda" in 1939. On March 11, 2008, the town of Nunda celebrated its bicentennial.
In 1808, only three pioneer families lived in what is now Nunda. By 1830 the population had increased to 1,291, and by 1840 there were 2,636 residents. The population peaked at nearly 4,000 in the 1840s when the Genesee River Canal was built, which ran through the town until 1878. The population had fallen to less than 3,000 by the early 1880s.
People of note
Chester B. Bowen, Union Army soldier and Medal of Honor winner; born in Nunda in 1842
Helen Hunt Jackson, author; a brief resident
Gustavus A. Palmer, born in Nunda in 1805 and colonel in the Patriot War, named his Illinois post-war residence Nunda Township after his birthplace.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.07%, are water.
The south town line is the border of Allegany County.
New York State Route 436, east-west, intersects New York State Route 408, north-south, at Nunda village. New York State Route 70 crosses the south part of the town.
Adjacent towns and areas
Nunda is bordered by the town of Portage to the west, and the towns of West Sparta and Ossian are to the east. The town of Mount Morris is to the north, and the town of Grove in Allegany County is to the south.
Interstate 390 passes northeast of the town and provides transportation north to the city of Rochester and southeast to the Finger Lakes Region.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,017 people, 1,131 households, and 842 families residing in the town. The population density was 81.4 people per square mile (31.4/km2). There were 1,298 housing units at an average density of 35.0 per square mile (13.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.88% White, 0.53% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.
There were 1,131 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,665, and the median income for a family was $44,677. Males had a median income of $32,483 versus $22,660 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,604. About 5.3% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Barkertown – A hamlet southeast of Nunda village.
Coopersville – A hamlet northeast of Nunda village.
Dalton – A hamlet (and census-designated place) in the southwest corner of the town (part is also in the town of Portage) on Route 408.
East Hill – A former community in the southeast part of the town.
Nunda – The village of Nunda is near the western town line.
Rattlesnake Hill Wildlife Management Area – A state conservation area in the southeast part of the town.
Schools
The town is in the Keshequa Central School District which includes Dalton Elementary School and the Nunda Middle School/High School. The schools are currently under leadership by Superintendent Donald Covell. The word Keshequa is of Seneca origin and means "Stick in the Mud."
References
External links
Brief early history of Nunda, NY
Towns in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
1808 establishments in New York (state)
Towns in Livingston County, New York | [
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259874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazenovia%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Cazenovia (village), New York | Cazenovia is a village located in the Town of Cazenovia in Madison County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 2,835. The village lies on the southeastern shore of Cazenovia Lake, which is approximately long and .5 mile across. The village is located on US Route 20 and New York State Route 13, and is home to Cazenovia College.
History
Cazenovia was established in 1794 by John Lincklaen, a young Dutch naval officer who purchased the town under the auspices of the Holland Land Company. Some of the first buildings established in Cazenovia were what is now the Presbyterian Church and the company store. The town is named after Theophilus Cazenove, an agent with the land company.
The village was incorporated in 1810 and was the first county seat (until 1817).
Many of the village's historic buildings are encompassed by the Albany Street Historic District and Cazenovia Village Historic District. Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places is the Lehigh Valley Railroad Depot.
In 1850 Cazenovia was the site of the famous Fugitive Slave Convention organized by abolitionist Gerrit Smith and chaired by former slave Frederick Douglass to protest the proposed Fugitive Slave Act.
The Lorenzo State Historic Site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in July 1970. This land, located off Route 13 (Rippleton Road), now belongs to the NY Historic Start Trust after being bought from the previous owner, George Ledyard, upon his death. There is a school house, mansion, farmhouse, and a landscaped garden that guests can tour throughout the year by appointment or during regular hours.
In 2005, the Cazenovia High School Academic Decathlon team won the school's first state title, sending the team to the national competition in Chicago. The team retained its state title the following four years, traveling to national competitions in San Antonio, Texas in 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii in 2007, Anaheim, California in 2008, and Memphis, Tennessee in 2009.
On March 31 2021, New York legalized recreational marijuana. Villages can't limit a resident’s right to possess or consume weed. However, the villages can prohibit retail outlets from selling it. On July 1, 2021, the village board voted unanimously to opt out of allowing retail marijuana sales in the village. It was one of the first villages in the state to opt out.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,614 people, 943 households, and 522 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,660.3 people per square mile (642.8/km2). There were 1,031 housing units at an average density of 654.8 per square mile (253.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95.37% White, 2.41% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.04%, 0.27% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.75% of the population.
There were 943 households, out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.6% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 18.1% under the age of 18, 26.1% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 67.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $43,611, and the median income for a family was $61,750. Males had a median income of $45,662 versus $30,893 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,424. About 2.8% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Cazenovia Public Library is a public library located in the town of Cazenovia (village), New York, United States. As a library in Madison County it is a part of the Mid-York Library System. It is located at 100 Albany Street, Cazenovia, NY. In its original building it houses specimens and historical artifacts that have been generously donated to the library.
History
The first incidence of a library in Cazenovia was started in 1828 by John Williams, a general store owner and merchant. His library “consisting of 200 vols.” were lent to the public for free. It was not until 1886 that the Cazenovia Library Society was formed. Societies like it maintained their libraries “through membership, lending fees, and gifts”
In 1890, Robert J. Hubbard purchased and donated a house for the library's use. Built in the Greek Revival style, it had been built in 1830 for John Williams. The ground floor of the house served as the main library building until a modern extension was built in 1996. Robert J. Hubbard also donated his collection of souvenirs from his 1894 Grand Tour trip. One of the most notable artifacts he brought back was an ancient Egyptian mummy.
Cats
Since 1985 the Cazenovia Public Library has served as a home to four library cats.
Dewey 1985-1988
Kitty 1988-1999
Jesse 2000-2009
Page 2009–present
References
External links
Village of Cazenovia Web Site
Cazenovia Republican - Weekly Newspaper
Cazenovia History links
Cazenovia Chamber of Commerce
Cazenovia Pilot - News and Information Blog
Villages in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1794
Villages in Madison County, New York
1794 establishments in New York (state)
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259875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazenovia%2C%20New%20York | Cazenovia, New York | Cazenovia is a town in Madison County, New York. The population was 7,086 at the time of the 2010 census. The town is named after Theophilus Cazenove, an agent of the Holland Land Company.
The Town of Cazenovia has a village also named Cazenovia. The town is on the county's western border.
The village of Cazenovia is home to Cazenovia College, a small liberal arts college in the greater Syracuse area. It was founded in 1824, known then as the Genesee Seminary.
History
The Town of Cazenovia was established in 1793 by the Towns of Whitestown and Paris (both in Oneida County) before the creation of Madison County. Subsequently, other towns in the county were formed from partitions of its territory. Cazenovia was part of a region called "The Gore," based on a surveying error.
It was founded by John Lincklaen, an agent of the Holland Land Company, and was named after Theophilus Cazenove, Lincklaen's boss.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 51.7 square miles (134.0 km2), with 49.9 square miles (129.2 km2) of land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2) of (3.54%) water. The town contains Cazenovia Lake.
The western town line is the border of Onondaga County.
U.S. Route 20, also known as Albany Street, crosses the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,481 people, 2,353 households, and 1,658 families residing in the town. The population density was 129.9 people per square mile (50.2/km2). There were 2,567 housing units at an average density of 51.5 per square mile (19.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.25% White, 1.10% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.
There were 2,353 households, out of which 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $57,232, and the median income for a family was $73,590. Males had a median income of $50,556 versus $31,613 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,957. About 2.4% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Cazenovia
Abell Corners – A location east of Ballina.
Ballina – A location south of the village of Cazenovia.
Cazenovia – A village located on US-20 by Cazenovia Lake.
Cazenovia Lake – A lake located by the village of Cazenovia.
Chittenango Falls – A location on the eastern town border, located north of Cazenovia.
Delphi Falls – A hamlet located west-southwest of Union.
Delphi Falls – A waterfall located west-southwest of Union.
Delphi Station – A location north of the hamlet of New Woodstock.
Juddville – A location south of Abell Corners.
New Woodstock – A hamlet located south of the village of Cazenovia.
North Cazenovia – A location north of the village of Cazenovia.
Perkins Corner – A location southwest of Rippleton on NY-13.
Rippleton – A hamlet located southwest of the village of Cazenovia, known as "Pig City" in the 1800s.
Union – A location west of Delphi Station.
West Woodstock – A location west of New Woodstock.
National Register of Historic Places
The following sites and historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
|}
Notable people
Edward P. Allis (1824–1889), businessman and unsuccessful candidate for governor of Wisconsin
Edward Griffin Beckwith (1818–1881), soldier and explorer
Anne Burrell (born 1969), chef and TV personality
Samuel Northrup Castle (1808–1894), missionary in Hawaii; founder of Castle & Cooke
Sarah Brown Ingersoll Cooper, philanthropist and educator
John W. Dwinelle (1816–1888), lawyer and politician in California
Jane Calkins Egan (1917–2009), artist known for box assemblages
Harrison Stiles Fairchild (1820–1901), brigadier general in the Union Army
Siobhan Fallon (born May 13, 1961), actress
Melanie Joy (1993-) Army 1LT, OIR Veteran, Meritorious Service Medal recipient
Beezie Madden (born November 20, 1963), Olympic equestrian gold medalist
Lauren McLean, 56th mayor of Boise, Idaho (raised in Cazenovia)
Charles Stebbins (1789–1873), Acting lieutenant governor of New York in 1829
Steve Suhey (1922–1977), football player at Penn State and in the NFL
Ezra Greenleaf Weld (1801–1874), photographer and abolitionist
Economy
GHD Group also has one of its headquarters in Cazenovia.
Marquardt Group also has one of its headquarters in Cazenovia.
See also
Cazenovia Village Historic District
Chittenango Falls State Park
Gallery
References
External links
Town of Cazenovia, NY
Village of Cazenovia, NY
Cazenovia NY Central Schools
Cazenovia NY Chamber of Commerce
Cazenovia College
Early history of Cazenovia
Towns in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
1793 establishments in New York (state)
Towns in Madison County, New York | [
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259876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeRuyter%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | DeRuyter (village), New York | DeRuyter is a village located in the Town of DeRuyter in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 558 at the 2010 census. The village and town are named after Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, a famous admiral in the Dutch navy.
The Village of DeRuyter is located in the southwestern corner of the town of DeRuyter on Route 13.
History
The village of DeRuyter, incorporated in 1833, was originally called Tromptown. Jan Lincklaen, an agent for the Holland Land Co., whose territory included Cazenovia and areas south, named it.
The location of the village at the confluence of the four valleys, early made DeRuyter a center of trade and the railroad forming a part of the "old Midland," running east and west, and the Cazenovia branch running north and south and now forming part of the Lehigh Valley system, furnish excellent facilities for trade and travel.
DeRuyter previous to 1795 was included in the ancient town of Whitestown, and formed a part of the famous "Lincklaen purchase." It was embraced in Cazenovia when that town was formed in 1795, and Col. John Lincklaen gave it the name of Tromptown; but when the act was passed by Legislature, March 15, 1798, authorizing the formation of a new town, and Col. Lincklaen named it DeRuyter, after his illustrious countryman.
The building stock dates predominantly from the early to late Victorian period, the peak population and commercial era in DeRuyter's history.
The Seventh Day Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
Geography
DeRuyter is located at (42.758925, -75.885114).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.3 square mile (0.9 km2), all land. There is a river that flows through the Village of DeRuyter.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 531 people, 213 households, and 142 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,546.2 people per square mile (603.0/km2). There were 231 housing units at an average density of 672.6 per square mile (262.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.36% White, 0.75% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.56% Asian, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.19% of the population.
There were 213 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $31,420, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $32,045 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,658. About 7.6% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The DeRuyter Central School District is located on the western edge of the village on Railroad St. DeRuyter Central School is a public school district located in southwestern Madison County. The school houses grades K-12. The current school enrollment is 380 students from the area. The DeRuyter Central School district includes students from DeRuyter, Sheds, Cuyler (in Cortland County), Fabius (in Onondaga County) and Lincklaen (in Chenango County).
Notable people
Henry W. Bentley, U.S. Representative from New York
Ezra Cornell, founder of Cornell University
Marcus M. Drake, Mayor of the City of Buffalo, New York
Benjamin Enos, an American politician
Lyman J. Gage, 42nd United States Secretary of the Treasury
James W. Nye, a United States Senator from Nevada
Fred Schule, Olympic medalist
Henry Clay Vedder, Baptist Church historian
References
External links
DeRuyter Central School District
Villages in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1795
Villages in Madison County, New York
1795 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeRuyter%2C%20New%20York | DeRuyter, New York | DeRuyter is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 1,589 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, a famous admiral in the Dutch navy. The name de Ruyter (de Ruijter) means "the Rider".
The Town of DeRuyter has a village in it also called DeRuyter. The town is in the southwestern corner of the county.
An early settler was Elijah Cornell, father of Ezra Cornell, founder of Western Union and Cornell University.
History
DeRuyter was one of five towns formed before Madison County was created. It was established by a partition of the Town of Cazenovia in 1798. DeRuyter is in the southwestern corner of the county. The town is part of a region called "The Gore," a territory created by a surveying error.
Previous to 1795, DeRuyter was included in the town of Whitestown and was part of the "Lincklaen Purchase". "Tromp Township" was the original name given by Jan Lincklaen, a Holland Land Agent in honor of a fellow countryman, Admiral Maarten Tromp. The new town of DeRuyter was formed on March 15, 1798. Jan Lincklaen once again named it in honor of a fellow countryman, Admiral Michiel DeRuyter.
The Village of DeRuyter was incorporated in 1833.
Ezra Cornell, founder of Cornell University re-located from Westchester, New York to DeRuyter in 1819.
Sig Sautelle's Circus wintered and trained in DeRuyter from 1896 to the early 1900s.
The first Four-County Fair (Cortland, Madison, Chenango and Onondaga) was held in DeRuyter in 1908. The first DeRuyter Fireman's Fair was held in 1927.
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Public schools
The DeRuyter Central School District is located on the eastern edge of the village on Railroad Street. DeRuyter Central School is a public school district located in southwestern Madison County. The school houses grades K-12. The current school enrollment is approximately 380 students from the area. The DeRuyter Central School district includes students from DeRuyter, Sheds, Cuyler (in Cortland County) and Lincklaen (in Chenango County).
Geography
The western town line forms a border with Onondaga and Cortland counties. The southern town line is the border of Chenango County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.3 square miles (81.0 km2), of which 30.5 square miles (79.0 km2) is land and 0.8 square mile (2.0 km2) (2.49%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,532 people, 592 households, and 412 families residing in the town. The population density was 50.2 people per square mile (19.4/km2). There were 867 housing units at an average density of 28.4 per square mile (11.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.06% White, 1.31% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.
There were 592 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $34,911, and the median income for a family was $41,417. Males had a median income of $30,909 versus $22,063 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,339. About 7.3% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of DeRuyter
DeRuyter – A village located in the southwestern corner of the town on Route 13.
DeRuyter Reservoir – A reservoir in the northwestern corner of the town, one of the largest in the area. Although it is a reservoir, it is commonly called "DeRuyter Lake."
Puckerville – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town and northeast of DeRuyter village on Route 13.
Quaker Settlement or Quaker Basin – A location in the southeastern corner of the town on Route 58 and east of DeRuyter village.
Sheds – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town at Routes 13, 60, and 80.
Sheds Corners – A hamlet southwest of Sheds on Route 13.
Notable people
Francis Marion Burdick – American legal scholar
Lyman Gage – Secretary of the Treasury
References
External links
DeRuyter Central School District
Early DeRuyter history
http://www.deruyternygov.us/
https://web.archive.org/web/20080625194932/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/county/madison1/grips-1.htm
http://www.deruyterlakeassociation.org/
DeRuyter Free Library
Towns in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
1798 establishments in New York (state)
Towns in Madison County, New York
Populated places established in 1798 | [
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259878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Hamilton (village), New York | The Village of Hamilton is a village located within the town of Hamilton in Madison County, New York, United States. Notably, it is the location of Colgate University and has a population of 4,239, according to the 2010 census. The 2017 movie Pottersville starring Michael Shannon and Judy Greer was filmed here.
Geography and climate
The village, located at (42.825646, -75.544673), lies in the Chenango Valley, just south of the headwaters of the Chenango River. Northeast of the village is the river Payne Brook, which starts at Lake Moraine and travels through the village before converging with the Chenango River. The village is approximately southeast of Syracuse and southwest of Utica. The elevation of the village's municipal airport (Hamilton Municipal Airport) is approximately above sea level.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village's total area is 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2), of which 2.3 square miles (6.1 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km2) (6.37%) is water.
Snowfall is the most notable aspect of the area's climate, which is typical of central Upstate New York in the vicinity of Syracuse. Snowfall produced by lake-effect snow from Lake Erie and Lake Ontario usually extends into the Mohawk Valley and often inland as far as the southern Finger Lakes and the nearby southern tier of counties; with snowfall, at a minimum, in the range of 40 to 50 inches per season. Heavy snow falls frequently occur, generating from 1 to 2 feet of snow and occasionally 4 feet or more. The village's average seasonal snowfall is approximately 80 inches.
History
The area that became the town of Hamilton (including the village of Hamilton) was originally inhabited by members of the Iroquois League, and some of the territory is still considered to be sacred by the Oneida Indian Nation. Following the American Revolution, the area was ceded to the State of New York. Until 1878, Hamilton was an original outpost of the Chenango Canal.
The town of Hamilton was founded near what is now Earlville, and has gradually expanded into a wide area populated by farms and settlements.
The family of the brothers Samuel and Elisha Payne had been prominent in Connecticut since before the Revolutionary War, in which they had served, possibly at Ft. Stanwix, near what is now Rome, New York. At the close of the Revolutionary War, The pair moved from Lebanon, Connecticut, to the town of Whitestone (now Whitesboro, New York), a few miles from Utica.
In 1794, Samuel Payne moved southwest from Whitestone into the town of Hamilton, where he started a farm on the hill that is today's location of Colgate University.
In 1795, a year after his brother moved into the town of Hamilton, Elisha Payne did so as well. He and others from Whitestone and Connecticut moved to an unsettled area just north of his brother and that settlement grew to become today's village of Hamilton. Because of Elisha Payne's interest and ability in developing the settlement, it became known as "Payne's Settlement". He built a barn, the first framed building in the village, and in 1802 he opened a tavern at the intersection of Broad and Lebanon streets, taking the place of an existing tavern that had opened in 1800. This became the Park House (hotel), which in 1925 was replaced by the present-day Colgate Inn. By 1800, Payne's Settlement had, in addition to log cabins, five framed buildings and a nearby sawmill. By 1806 much of the land surrounding the settlement had been cleared and replaced by orchards and farms. Salt was the accepted form of currency in the settlement.
Payne's Settlement experienced a financial boom from 1800 through the War of 1812 due to extensive crop exports to Europe and to the high prices obtained for provisions in New York during the war. Serving as the trading center, the Settlement naturally prospered when farmers received higher prices. In addition, the 1808 opening of the Skaneateles Turnpike, which connected the village to western New York, probably contributed to the favorable economic climate.
From the beginning, Payne's Settlement and the other settlements within the town of Hamilton strongly competed to be the principal location for development. Due to the advantages of its location, the balance of power shifted toward Payne's Settlement and, in 1812, the settlement obtained a charter incorporating the Village of Hamilton.
Early commerce in the village included groceries, blacksmiths, book sellers, furniture and carriage makers, feed stores, quarries and lumber mills. The village's first newspaper, the Hamilton Recorder, was started in 1817. The Chenango Canal (1834–1878) passed through the west side of the village alongside what is now the Barge Canal Cafe, providing another connection between the Erie Canal, Midwest grain farms and East Coast markets. Agriculture in the surrounding area initially emphasized hops which gave way after the Civil War to dairy farming.
Colgate University was founded in the village in 1819. Today, Colgate's campus is located on what was Samuel Payne's farm. In 1827, the farm, valued at $4,000 (then current dollars) covering , was donated by Payne and his wife to the Baptist Theological Society as the new location of the Society's Theological Institution, known as the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution, which later became Colgate. In 1846, the name of Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution was changed to Madison University. The year 1890 brought about the change in the university's name to Colgate University, in honor of the involvement and financial support of the Colgate family over many years.
In 1903, John Vincent Atanasoff, creator of the first digital electronic computer, was born in Hamilton.
Much of the historic core of the village is part of the Hamilton Village Historic District, which became listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Many of the buildings in today's village date from 1895, the year of "the great fire" which destroyed much of the village. Many of those buildings were rebuilt in the same year, with "1895" on their facades.
Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are the Old Biology Hall (today called Hascall Hall) on Colgate University's campus, Adon Smith House, and United States Post Office.
Government
The village is governed by a Board of Trustees. It consists of the Mayor, who is presiding officer, and four Trustees. The Mayor and Trustees are elected at the annual village election in June for staggered terms of two-years.
The Mayor exercises the executive function and is assisted by the Village Administrator, the Clerk/Treasurer, and the Director of Utilities and Public Works. The Board of Trustees is the legislative body. It enacts local laws, adopts the budget, and exercises oversight over the Village departments, boards, commissions and committees. Trustees are assigned by the Mayor specific oversight and liaison responsibilities. The Mayor appoints all public officers and volunteer members of boards, commissions and committees with the approval of the Board of Trustees. In addition to the elected officials and professional officers, the governance of the Village rests in the hands of about fifty volunteers who serve by appointment on ten boards, commissions, and committees. The Mayor is an ex officio member of every Village body. Every Trustee serves a liaison on one or more of the bodies.
The 2009-2010 annual budget of the village is approximately 5.7 million dollars.
The Village Court is independent of Village government. The Village Judge is elected by the voters for a four-year term.
The village and all of Madison County are within the NY 22nd Congressional District.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,509 people, 707 households, and 320 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,492.2 people per square mile (576.5/km2). There were 785 housing units at an average density of 333.8 per square mile (129.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 90.85% White, 2.91% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 3.70% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.28% of the population.
There were 707 households, out of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.6% were non-families. 41.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 8.6% under the age of 18, 62.6% from 18 to 24, 10.0% from 25 to 44, 9.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $36,583, and the median income for a family was $68,864. Males had a median income of $41,000 versus $33,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,203. About 3.1% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Hamilton Central School, located on a site off West Kendrick Avenue, is a K-12 educational facility for the village and surrounding town and the communities of Eaton, Madison, Lebanon, and Brookfield. Colgate University is in Hamilton.
Higher educational institutions within 50 driving miles of the village include Syracuse University, the State University of New York at Morrisville, Cazenovia College, Hamilton College, the State University of New York at Cortland, the State University of New York at Oneonta and Hartwick College.
Relationship with Colgate
Colgate is the largest economic influence in the village: with a population of over 4,000, the village's population is just slightly larger than the size of Colgate's student body, which is just under 3,000. Approximately 85 percent of the university's faculty members live within 10 minutes of campus.
The village, the town of Hamilton, and Colgate have formed the Partnership for Community Development which develops an active network of professional consultants, foundations, municipalities and not-for-profit organizations located throughout the Central New York region to assist area residents, businesses and visitors, including efforts to stimulate and support local business through small business development and the revitalization of historic buildings. To strengthen the relationship between the village and the university, and to add to the economic development of downtown, Colgate relocated its campus bookstore to the downtown area of the village.
Points of interest
The Robert Trent Jones, Sr. designed Seven Oaks Golf Course is located on the east side of the village on the college campus. The Picker Art Gallery is located on the Colgate University campus. The Towpath Trail, beginning in the village and extending northward for , consists of restored portions of the Chenango Canal towpath. The Village of Hamilton is also home to award-winning Good Nature Farm Brewery & Tap Room. Good Nature opened in 2012, was Madison County's first brewery, and among New York State's First Farm Breweries. In 2017, Good Nature opened a new brewery in the Village. A Utica television station travel show broadcast, in 2008, a two-part tour of things to see and do in the village.
Farther from Hamilton, but within 50 driving miles, additional points of interest include: the Earlville Opera House, the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in Utica, the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, the Syracuse Symphony Orchestra, the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse, the Erie Canal Village in Rome and the Erie Canal Museum in Syracuse.
Notable people
John Vincent Atanasoff, physicist and inventor, inventor of first electronic digital computer
William L. Greenly, sixth Governor of Michigan
Matt Malloy, actor and producer
Philo A. Orton, Wisconsin legislator and jurist
Henry B. Payne, United States Senator and United States Representative
Sereno E. Payne, United States Representative, first House Majority Leader
List of Colgate University people
References
External links
Official Town and Village of Hamilton, NY Website
Hamilton area early history source
Hamilton Real Estate
Village of Hamilton Information
General Aviation airport in the Village of Hamilton
Villages in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1813
Villages in Madison County, New York
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259879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%2C%20New%20York | Hamilton, New York | Hamilton is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 6,690 at the 2010 census. The town is named after American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton.
The Town of Hamilton contains a village also named Hamilton, the site of Colgate University. The village is on the county's border.
History
The location was formerly called Payne's Corners. The Town of Hamilton was established in 1795, before the county was formed, from the Town of Paris in Oneida County. The original town was reduced to create new towns in the county.
Geography
The southern town line is the border of Chenango County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 41.4 square miles (107.3 km), of which 41.4 square miles (107.1 km) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km) (0.19%) is water.
Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 5,733 people, 1,546 households, and 935 families in the town. The population density was 138.6 people per square mile (53.5/km). There were 1,725 housing units at an average density of 41.7 per square mile (16.1/km). The racial makeup of the town was 93.65% White, 1.99% Black or African American, 0.07% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.83%.
Of the 1,546 households 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 29.6% of households were one person and 12.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.96.
The age distribution was 15.7% under the age of 18, 40.8% from 18 to 24, 16.8% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% 65 or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
The median household income was $38,917 and the median family income was $50,565. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $26,643 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,564. About 5.1% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in Hamilton
Beekman Corners – A location between Hamilton village and East Hamilton.
Brooks Corners – A hamlet in the south part of the town on Route 12.
Darts Corner – A location between Hamilton village and East Hamilton.
Earlville – Part of the Village of Earlville is located on the southern town line.
East Hamilton – A hamlet on Route 12, east of Hamilton village.
Excell Corners – A location northeast of South Hamilton.
Hamilton – The Village of Hamilton is in the northwestern part of the town.
Hamilton Center – A hamlet southeast of Hamilton village.
Hubbardsville – A hamlet north of East Hamilton village.
Loomis Corners – A location northwest of South Hamilton.
Poolville – A hamlet north of Brooks Corners.
Shores Corners – A location between Hamilton village and East Hamilton.
South Hamilton – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town.
Notable people
John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-1995), inventor of the digital computer
Cordelia Throop Cole (1833–1900), social reformer
References
External links
Official Town of Hamilton, NY Website
Hamilton Public Library & Hamilton Historical Commission on New York Heritage Digital Collections
Early Hamilton history
Hamilton, from History of Madison County, State of New York by L. M. Hammond (Syracuse NY, 1872)
Towns in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
1795 establishments in New York (state)
Towns in Madison County, New York
Populated places established in 1795 | [
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259880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Madison (village), New York | Madison is a village in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 305 at the 2010 census. The village and its town are named after President James Madison.
The Village of Madison is in the central part of the Town of Madison on US Route 20.
History
The village was incorporated in 1816. Located on NY Route 20, Madison was a busy thoroughfare for east-west travelers and featured a hotel and resort on Madison Lake. Much of Madison was owned by businessman G.W. Hinman. Many visitors came from the nearby hamlet of Solsville, where the Chenengo Canal and the railroad both had stations. Madison is most famous for the Madison-Bouckville Antique Show, which takes place in August annually and sees over 1,000 antique dealers and tens of thousands of buyers traveling to Madison to find rare and unique items.
In 2000, Solsville, a half-mile north of Madison, became part of the town of Madison. Solsville is known for its historic Solsville Hotel, which was at one point the town post office, saloon, and ballroom, and is currently home to a restaurant and Irish popular pub, owned by B. Dixon. The old canal house in Solsville has also been converted into a bar.
Notable person
Phineas L. Tracy, former US Congressman
Geography
Madison is located at (42.900775, -75.515153).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.5 square mile (1.3 km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 315 people, 138 households, and 77 families residing in the village. The population density was 626.5 people per square mile (243.2/km2). There were 151 housing units at an average density of 300.3 per square mile (116.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.68% White and 0.32% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population.
There were 138 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.5% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $27,250, and the median income for a family was $37,708. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $21,786 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,960. About 9.9% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.
References
Villages in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1816
Villages in Madison County, New York
1816 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison%2C%20New%20York | Madison, New York | Madison is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 3,008 at the 2010 census.
The Town of Madison contains a village also named Madison. The town is near the eastern border of the county.
History
Settlement began circa 1794. The town was formed in 1807 from a portion of the Town of Hamilton. Madison is well known because of the Madison Wind Farm, built in 2000. Darwin D. Martin, a Larkin Company executive, was born in Bouckville in 1865.
Geography
The northern and eastern town lines are the border of Oneida County. US Route 20 passes across the town.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 41.4 square miles (107.2 km2), of which 40.9 square miles (105.9 km2) is land and 0.5 square mile (1.3 km2) (1.23%) is water.
U.S. Route 20, conjoined with New York State Route 12B forms an east-west highway across the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,801 people, 1,129 households, and 779 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.5 people per square mile (26.4/km2). There were 1,325 housing units at an average density of 32.4 per square mile (12.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.82% White, 0.32% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.
There were 1,129 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $35,889, and the median income for a family was $41,630. Males had a median income of $29,487 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,468. About 9.6% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Madison
Bouckville – A hamlet near the western town line on Route 20. The Chenango Canal Summit Level and Coolidge Stores Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Durfee Corners – A location in the southeastern part of the town.
Lake Moraine – A lake south of Madison village.
Madison – The Village of Madison on Route 20.
Madison Center – A hamlet southeast of Madison village.
Sigby Corners – A hamlet in the southern part of the town.
Solsville – A hamlet north of Madison village and home of the ever-elusive Madison Sasquatch.
Notable person
Thomas Bones (1842–1929), land developer in this area
References
External links
Early history of the Town of Madison
Towns in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Towns in Madison County, New York | [
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259882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton%20%28CDP%29%2C%20New%20York | Brighton (CDP), New York | Brighton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 36,609 at the 2010 census. The CDP takes its name from locations in the county.
Town of Brighton, which is conterminously with the CDP, is a town south of the City of Rochester. The town has a community, also named Brighton, a suburb of Rochester.
Geography
Brighton is located at (43.123363, -77.568115).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 15.6 square miles (40.5 km2), of which 15.4 square miles (40.0 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km2) (1.09%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 35,584 people, 15,852 households, and 8,686 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,303.6 per square mile (889.3/km2). There were 16,703 housing units at an average density of 1,081.3/sq mi (417.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.09% White, 3.70% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 8.13% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.63% from other races, and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.34% of the population.
There were 15,852 households, out of which 24.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.2% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $52,066, and the median income for a family was $70,436. Males had a median income of $46,292 versus $35,171 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,642. About 3.0% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Census-designated places in Monroe County, New York | [
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259884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece%20%28CDP%29%2C%20New%20York | Greece (CDP), New York | Greece is a suburban community and census-designated place in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 14,519 at the 2010 census. Google Maps only shows that part of Greece.
Greece is a suburb of the City of Rochester in the Town of Greece.
Geography
Greece is located at (43.209112, -77.700341).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11.2 km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,614 people, 6,004 households, and 4,010 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,374.2 per square mile (1,303.1/km2). There were 6,170 housing units at an average density of 1,424.6/sq mi (550.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.06% White, 2.50% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.65% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.72% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.44% of the population.
There were 6,004 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,110, and the median income for a family was $54,608. Males had a median income of $40,199 versus $29,796 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,129. About 2.8% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Census-designated places in Monroe County, New York | [
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259885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Greece (town), New York | Greece is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. A suburb of Rochester, New York, it is the largest town by population in Monroe County, and the second-largest municipality by population in the county, behind only the City of Rochester. As of April, 2020, the town has a population of 96,926. The town motto is "Discover the Promise."
The Town of Greece is in the northern part of the county and borders the City of Rochester on the east, the Town of Gates on the south, the towns of Parma and Ogden on the west, and Lake Ontario on the north. The town is a contiguous suburb of Rochester. The area known as Charlotte, on the eastern border, was formerly part of the town until it was annexed by the City of Rochester in 1916.
History
The Town of Greece was established in 1822 from part of the Town of Gates and was previously called Northampton. The name "Greece" was selected because of the contemporary struggle of Greece for independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Prior to European settlement, the area the town occupies was inhabited by the Algonquian and Iroquois.The first European to visit the area was the French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier, who visited in 1669. European settlers began to arrive in the area in the late 1790s, and French and British soldiers passed through on multiple occasions during this time period as the two colonial powers struggled to control the region.
According to the Morgan Quitno Awards, Greece was rated the ninth-overall-safest city in America and the sixth-safest city with a population of 75,000 to 99,999.
The William Payne House, Greece Memorial Hall, William Covert Cobblestone Farmhouse, and Our Mother of Sorrows Roman Catholic Church Complex are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Greece is located at 43o 14' N latitude, 077o 42' W longitude.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (7.65%) is water.
Major highways in the town include NY 390 and the Lake Ontario State Parkway. As that suggests, the town borders Lake Ontario.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 94,141 people, 36,995 households, and 25,748 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,985.0 people per square mile (766.4/km2). There were 38,315 housing units at an average density of 807.9 per square mile (311.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.37% White, 2.88% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 1.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.55% of the population.
There were 36,995 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. Of all households, 25.6% were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $48,355, and the median income for a family was $57,102. Males had a median income of $41,563 versus $29,864 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,614. About 3.6% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
The town is governed by a town board consisting of a supervisor and four council members. The supervisor is elected by all registered voters in the town, while council members are elected by and represent one of four wards. Supervisors are elected for four-year terms, and by town law may not serve for more than twelve years consecutively, after which the individual is ineligible to serve for four years. Councilpersons are elected for two-year terms, and may serve for a maximum of ten consecutive years in that position.
The town board's practice of opening each meeting with a prayer, which started in 1999, was legally challenged in 2008, on the grounds that all prayers offered to open the meetings had, until that point, been Christian ones.
The United States District Court, Western District of New York, ruled in favor of the town in 2010, and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed that decision in 2012, setting the stage for a 2014 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which ruled in favor of the town (see Town of Greece v. Galloway).
The town is also represented in congress by three different representatives, the State Assembly Representative, State Senatorial Representative and the Congressional Representative.
The town's New York State Assembly Representative is Peter Lawrence who was elected to serve the constituents of the 134th Assembly district on November 4, 2014. The districts in which he represents include the towns of Greece, Ogden and Parma in western Monroe County.
The town's New York State Senatorial Representative is Jeremy Cooney who was elected to represent the 56th senatorial district on November 3, 2020. The 56th senatorial district encompasses the Towns of Brighton, Clarkson, Gates, Greece, Hamlin, Parma, as well as parts of the City of Rochester, including Charlotte, Historic Maplewood and the University of Rochester.
Greece's United States Congressional Representative is Joseph Morelle who was elected to represent the 25th congressional district of New York on November 6, 2018. Replacing the late Representative Louise Slaughter, who served as the United States representative for the 25th congressional district of New York from 1987 until her death in early 2018. The 25th congressional district of New York comprises all of Monroe County except for the towns of Mendon, Rush, Hamlin, Wheatland, and one election district in the town of Clarkson.
Six of the 29 districts of the Monroe County Legislature include portions of Greece.
Education
There are three school districts serving the Town of Greece: the Greece Central School District, the Hilton Central School District and the Spencerport Central School District.
There are twelve elementary schools, four middle schools, and four high schools in the Greece Central School District, educating approximately 13,000 students. The post-elementary schools have Classical Greek names: Arcadia, Athena (Middle/High, Odyssey Academy, and Olympia. The school district's motto is "One Vision, One Team, One Greece."
Among the elementary schools, Brookside, Longridge, Paddy Hill, Pine Brook and West Ridge span K-5.
Communities and locations in Greece
Barnard—Community near Dewey Ave., Stone Road, and Maiden Lane.
Braddock Bay—A bay off of Lake Ontario and a state park in the northwest section of the town, north of the Lake Ontario State Parkway on East Manitou Road.
Braddock Heights—A community near Braddock Bay.
Elmgrove—Area around Elmgrove Road.
Grandview Heights—West side of Long Pond, off Lowden Point Road, just south of Edgemere Drive.
Grand View Beach—Edgemere Drive west of Lowden Point Road, opposite Cranberry Pond.
North Greece—Near Latta Road (Rt. 18) and North Greece Rd. (Zip Code 14515).
West Greece—Near West Ridge Road (Rt. 104) and Manitou Road (Rt. 261); destination of the Route 14 bus.
See also
1978 Holiday Inn fire
References
External links
Town of Greece webpage
Towns in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Geography of Rochester, New York
Towns in Monroe County, New York
1822 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1822 | [
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259886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsford%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Pittsford (village), New York | Pittsford is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 1,355 at the 2010 census. It is named after Pittsford, Vermont, the native town of a founding father.
The Village of Pittsford is the oldest village in New York, incorporated in 1827. The village, an Erie Canal community, is in the Town of Pittsford. Pittsford is a suburb of Rochester, New York.
Geography
Pittsford is located at (43.089013, -77.515239).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km), of which 0.7 square mile (1.7 km) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km) (4.35%) is water. Pittsford is located seven miles (11 km) southeast of Rochester in western New York State. The village is bisected by the historic Erie Canal.
History
Pittsford is the oldest of Monroe County's ten incorporated villages. The village was the site of a spring fed pond which attracted the first European Americans. Israel Stone, the village's first settler, built the village's first structure, a log house next to the pond, in 1789.
The town of Pittsford surrounding the village was established in 1789 and was originally named Northfield. Pittsford's original hamlet settlement was located a mile south of the current village. In the second decade of the nineteenth century the opening of a new east–west highway (now NYS Route 31) and the surveying of the proposed Erie Canal route caused settlement to migrate northward to the Four Corners area.
Early Pittsford served as the governmental seat for the town of Northfield, comprising most of what is now eastern Monroe County. The settlement contained the county's first school (1794), the first library (1803), the first permanent church (1807), the first post office (1811), and the first newspaper (1815). In 1813, after the surrounding towns were organized, reducing Northfield's territory, the name Pittsford was adopted to honor the Vermont birthplace of Colonel Caleb Hopkins, a farmer, community leader and hero from the War of 1812. Pittsford's first church began meeting in 1803. The congregation survives today as the First Presbyterian Church located on Church Street.
Pittsford prospered as a local trading center due to its location at the intersection of the primary road between the mills at the Genesee Falls in Rochesterville and Canandaigua, the region's oldest and largest town and the new east–west road (now New York State Route 31). In 1816, Samuel Hildreth established the area's first stage coach line, eventually putting Pittsford at the center of a large stage network covering much of western New York.
Pittsford grew rapidly after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1822 and was incorporated as a village on July 4, 1827. Local entrepreneurs profited from both canal construction and other businesses which benefited from the canal trade. Pittsford's excellent agricultural soil led to the early and successful development of commercial agriculture. Because of its superior waterpower, Rochester soon eclipsed Pittsford as Monroe County's dominant economic and population center. Pittsford grew slowly through the middle of the nineteenth-century. One result of Pittsford's mid-century decline was that unlike other local towns, many of Pittsford's earliest buildings have survived. Boosted by the arrival of the Rochester & Auburn railroad in 1834, Pittsford remained an important shipping center for local grains and produce until the late twentieth century. Village industries included a flour mill, lumberyards, produce warehouses, a malt house and several fruit dry houses. The present charm of the Village's waterfront is due to the survival of historic canal warehouses, mills and silos, which in recent years have been rehabilitated for offices, boutiques, and restaurants.
Beginning in the 1870s, the village and town of Pittsford once again began to grow. In the second half of the nineteenth-century wealthy Rochesterians began to establish country estates in and around the village. These estates were the first step in Pittsford's evolution from a farming community into a suburb of Rochester.
Three of these grand homes remain within the village. Pittsford Farms, the oldest of the three village estates, was established in the 1860s by Jarvis Lord, a canal contractor. The property has retained its historic appearance and remains today a working farm, owned by descendants of the Zornow family. The farm's dairy plant continues to bottle milk in returnable glass containers. The Town of Pittsford has purchased the development rights to this farm and seven others to ensure their open space remains for generations to come.
During the first quarter of the twentieth century, the construction of the Rochester & Eastern Trolley line and growing automobile ownership placed Pittsford within easy commuting distance of Rochester. During the early twentieth century, a number of infrastructure improvements were completed in the village including a water system, paved streets, storm and sanitary sewers, and electric street lights. These decades also witnessed the development of new village neighborhoods of four-square, Craftsman and Colonial Revival homes. The establishment of four country clubs and two colleges just outside the village contributed to the village's desirability as a premium suburban residential community.
By the 1950s Pittsford began to experience significant population growth from suburban residential development. As the area surrounding the village continued to grow, residents became increasingly concerned about the effects of this growth on the village. Increasing traffic, demolition of historic buildings, commercial encroachment into historic neighborhoods, and the loss of open space led to the beginning of grass roots preservation efforts. Over the last fifty years, residents, business people, and government officials have worked cooperatively to preserve, enhance and revitalize Pittsford Village. Among the community's accomplishments are the restoration of numerous village buildings, the establishment of a historic preservation district, the redevelopment of the village's Erie Canal waterfront for commercial and recreational use, and the preservation of farmland through the town's purchase of development rights. Today the Village of Pittsford is widely admired for the preservation of its historic character and its charming walkable business district.
The Hildreth-Lord-Hawley Farm, Hopkins Farm, Adolph Lomb House, Phoenix Building, Pittsford Village Historic District, Spring House, and Thomas Youngs House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Demographics
Government
In March 2021, Alysa Subtelny Plummer was elected Mayor of the Village of Pittsford, defeating incumbent of 28 years Robert Corby. Alysa Subtelny Plummer is the first woman elected as Mayor in the Village of Pittsford.
Mayors
Robert Corby (R) (1993-2021)
Alysa Subtelny Plummer (D) (2021–present)
Notable people
Thomas Kempshall, former US Congressman
Mary Therese Friel, Miss New York USA 1979, Miss USA 1979
Abby Wambach, former USA women's soccer player. Olympian, World Champion
Andrew Rea, host of the YouTube cooking channel Binging with Babish
Gallery
References
External links
Town of Pittsford website
Pittsford Chamber of Commerce - About Pittsford
Historic Pittsford website
Railroad Stations
1827 establishments in New York (state)
Erie Canal
Populated places established in 1827
Villages in Monroe County, New York
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Villages in New York (state) | [
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259887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsford%2C%20New%20York | Pittsford, New York | Pittsford is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. A suburb of Rochester, its population was 30,617 at the 2020 census.
The Town of Pittsford (formerly part of the town of Northfield) was settled in 1789 and incorporated in 1796. The Village of Pittsford was incorporated in 1827. It was named by Colonel Caleb Hopkins, War of 1812 hero and subsequently Pittsford Town Supervisor, for the town of his birth, Pittsford, Vermont.
The Erie Canal passes through the town.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.4 square miles (60.6 km2), of which 23.2 square miles (60.1 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.5 km2) (0.81%) is water.
The Town of Pittsford is located in the southeastern portion of Monroe County approximately eight miles from the city of Rochester, New York. The Town of Mendon lies to the south, the Town of Perinton to the east, the Towns of Henrietta and Brighton to the west, and the Towns of Brighton and Penfield to the north of Pittsford.
History
The town is situated within the region subject to the Marquis de Denonville's expedition of 1600 French soldiers, 400 Canadian colonials, and 983 Native American allies in 1687, for the purpose of punishing the Seneca tribe, the foremost nation of the Iroquois Indian Confederacy, for their connection with the English and their interference in the lucrative French fur trade.
In 1788, Massachusetts abandoned its claim to this region in favor of New York. Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham of Connecticut settled with the state of Massachusetts for a title of land in western New York. On July 8, 1788, Oliver and Nathaniel met with the Senecas and signed the Treaty of Buffalo Creek at Geneseo in Livingston County where the Indians gave up their title. The District of Northfield was formed in Ontario County in 1792. This became the Town of Northfield in 1796. What is now the Village of Pittsford was settled the same year. As Northfield, which was renamed Boyle in 1808 and again to Smallwood in 1813, was subdivided in the following years, a final split formed the towns of Pittsford and Brighton in 1814.
The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 led to increased development of the various towns in Western New York along its route. Proximity to Rochester via canal and the Genesee River proved beneficial to the village of Pittsford too.
The Auburn and Rochester Railroad arrived in 1840, providing faster passenger service than the canal. This line soon became part of the New York Central operation and was in use until 1960. The enlarged Erie Canal continued to provide cheap transportation to the mills of Rochester though. By 1918, the modern barge canal was in service, following the same route as older canals, but widened and deepened.
The Adsit Cobblestone Farmhouse, Cole Cobblestone Farmhouse, Gates-Livermore Cobblestone Farmhouse, Mendon Cobblestone Academy, Mendon Presbyterian Church, Miller–Horton–Barben Farm, Sheldon Cobblestone House, Stewart Cobblestone Farmhouse, and Whitcomb Cobblestone Farmhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 27,219 people, 9,448 households, and 7,341 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,173.7 people per square mile (453.2/km2). There were 9,709 housing units at an average density of 418.6 per square mile (161.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.61% White, 1.60% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 4.57% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% of the population.
There were 9,448 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. Of all households, 19.1% were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $109,344, and the median income for a family was $119,509. Males had a median income of $70,780 versus $39,336 for females. The per capita income for the town was $42,723. About 1.5% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.
Pittsford has the highest average household income in New York State north of the New York City metropolitan area.
Greenprint
In 1996 the Town of Pittsford adopted its Greenprint Plan to preserve open space from the encroaching development that had taken so much of the town's countryside since the 1960s. The Greenprint involved the town's purchase of development rights to what was then two-thirds of Pittsford's remaining farmland. Initiated and successfully carried through by Supervisor William A. Carpenter, with passage of the Greenprint, Pittsford became the first town in the State of New York to save open space by purchasing development rights. In the years since, Pittsford's Greenprint has been recognized nationally and remains a frequently-cited example of successful open space preservation.
In 2021, the Town Supervisor, William A. Smith, Jr., proposed expanding the Greenprint, to protect more land from development. This proposal is consistent with the expression of opinion in the Town's 2019 Community Survey, in which a substantial majority of residents supported expanding the Greenprint.
Education
Public schools are administered by the Pittsford Central School District.
The District has received the New York State Governor's Excelsior Award for quality. It costs $13,900 per year to educate a Pittsford student. Barker Road Middle School and Calkins Road Middle School have also received an award in 2006 and 2009 as one of the national "Schools to Watch".
The District has two high schools, Pittsford Sutherland and Pittsford Mendon. Sutherland plays its athletics as the Knights while Mendon students are known as the Vikings. In sports for in which the two high schools combine to form a single team, such as football and lacrosse, they are known as the Panthers. The two schools have a long-standing rivalry in basketball, culminating with the annual Rainbow Classic game held at the University of Rochester. The Rainbow Classic is an annual fundraiser to support Golisano Children's Hospital. The Rainbow Classic was created in memory of Katelyn Pasley, who was treated at the Golisano Children's Hospital before she died. In addition, when Ryan McCluski died in 2004 after treatment at the hospital, the Pasley and McCluski families joined together to turn the tragedies into something positive for the community. The event has raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for Golisano Children's Hospital. Adding to the many successful sports teams in Pittsford, NY, the Pittsford Mendon Vikings soccer team has a strong tradition, holding the New York State record of seven state championships. Pittsford's swimming program is ranked overall 22nd in the nation, with girls being ranked 12th and having won 14 straight sectional championships, and boys being ranked 22nd, having won 13 straight titles.
The District has renovated many of its schools and built some entirely new facilities. In 2006, it completed work on Calkins Road Middle School, a middle school for students that will be attending Sutherland High School. The other middle school is Barker Road.
The Pittsford Central School District also operates five elementary schools, Jefferson, Park, Thornell, Mendon Center, and Allen Creek. They are all named for the roads on which they're located.
Pittsford is home to Allendale Columbia School, a leading independent, co-educational college preparatory school for students in grades Nursery through 12. Allendale offers a combined interscholastic sports program in Grades 7-12 with The Harley School, also a Nursery - 12 independent school in the neighboring town of Brighton. The Harley-Allendale Columbia teams are affiliated with the New York State Public High School Athletic Association, Section V and the Finger Lakes Athletic Association.
Pittsford is also home to St. Louis School, a Roman Catholic school offering a program from preschool to grade 6, operated by the St. Louis Parish in Pittsford.
Two colleges are located in Pittsford: St. John Fisher College and Nazareth College.
The Rochester Japanese School (RJS; ロチェスター日本語補習校 Rochesutā Nihongo Hoshūkō), a weekend Japanese program, is held at the Christ Clarion Presbyterian Church of Pittsford.
Media
The Brighton-Pittsford Post was Pittsford's local weekly newspaper and was in print since 1942. As of 2021, it apparently has ceased publication.
Industry and commerce
Pittsford's access to the Erie Canal was the main driver of commerce in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some of the old buildings and barns on the canal have been converted into restaurants, cafes and shops. Concerts, boat tours, and other events highlight this area in the warmer months.
Two large malls, Eastview Mall in Victor, and The Marketplace Mall in Henrietta, and Pittsford Plaza, a large shopping center located on NY 31 on the west side of the town are important commercial areas. Pittsford is the home of one of the largest Wegmans stores in the state. The Pittsford store is both the flagship store and a major test center for the company, as it is used to test out new ideas, such as mini-restaurants, and small pet stores attached to the main building.
Pittsford is home to five country clubs: Oak Hill Country Club, Irondequoit Country Club, Monroe Golf Club, Country Club of Rochester, and Locust Hill Country Club.
The Pittsford Chamber of Commerce works with businesses in the Town and Village of Pittsford.
Parks
Pittsford has 11 town parks within its borders. Great Embankment and Thornell Farm Park include several athletic fields, while Lock 32 and the Erie Canal trail offer a look at the historic double lock. The Isaac Gordon Nature Park offers hiking trails and cross-country skiing. Two Monroe County parks can also be found in Pittsford: Powder Mills Park and Mendon Ponds Park. Powder Mill has a ski lift and a creek that is popular with trout fishermen, while Mendon Ponds includes a vast trail system and unique geology.
Sports
Professional golf regularly comes to Pittsford. From 1977 through 2014, the LPGA Championship was held in the town, at Locust Hill Country Club for all but the last year, when the tournament was held at Monroe Golf Club. Oak Hill Country Club, located in Pittsford, hosted the 1995 Ryder Cup, the 1956, 1968 and 1989 United States Opens and the 1980, 2003, and 2013 PGA Championships.
The NFL Buffalo Bills hold their summer training camp each August at St. John Fisher College.
The University Athletic Association is based in Pittsford. Sports teams of both Pittsford high schools and the Harley-Allendale Columbia teams are regularly featured in the weekly Brighton-Pittsford Post.
Agriculture
Before the onset of rapid suburban development in the 1950s, Pittsford was a largely agricultural community with a distinct rural character, home to many family-owned farms. Remaining farms today include the Knickerbocker farm on Knickerbocker Road in the southeast part of town, where the family has been growing corn, wheat and other crops for more than 150 years. Other significant family farms still operating include the Hopkins Farm on Clover Street, the Powers Farm behind the Village, the Willard Farm and the Sweeney Farm. Pittsford's Greenprint plan, described above, in 1996 preserved for future generations to come two-thirds of the remaining farmland in the Town. The Town government remains committed to using planning techniques with a view toward conserving open space for the future.
Government
The town is governed by an elected Town Supervisor and four other elected members of the Town Board.
The Town Supervisor is William A. Smith, Jr., first elected in November 2013. A lawyer and land preservation advocate, Smith entered Pittsford's civic life in support of the Town's Grenprint Plan and was a member of the Town Board that adopted the Greenprint. Other current members of the Town Board are Stephanie Townsend, Kevin Beckford, Katherine Bohne Munzinger, and Cathy Koshykar. Stephanie Townsend and Kevin Beckford, elected in November 2017 to their seats, defeated incumbent Town Board members to become the first Democrats in roughly 80 years to serve on the community's Town Board. Cathy Koshykar was elected in November 2019, giving Democrats a majority on the Town Board. In 2021, Pittsford voters returned the Town Board to Republican majority control, electing attorney Kim Taylor to replace Democrat Kevin Beckford.
Officers appointed by the Supervisor and Town Board include the Town Clerk, Renee McQuillan and the Commissioner of Public Works, Paul Schenkel.
In November 2019, Supervisor Smith was re-elected to a fourth term with 58% of the vote, defeating Democratic challenger Kendra Evans, a low-income housing advocate and critic of Pittsford schools. In the November 2021 election, Supervisor Smith increased his margin over Ms. Evans, defeating her by 61% to 39% and winning back Republican control of the Town Board.
Town Justices are John Bernacki (R), re-elected in 2021, and Michael Ansaldi (D), elected in 2020.
Emergency response
Access to emergency services is obtained by dialing 9-1-1, which connects the caller to the City of Rochester's Emergency Communications Department Center). The Monroe County Sheriff's Department provides primary law enforcement for the town.
The Pittsford Volunteer Fire Department, staffed by volunteers, provides fire protection, rescue, and non-transport emergency medical services for the town. There are two fire stations, one of which is located in the village.
The Pittsford Volunteer Ambulance provides Basic Life Support with trained Emergency Medical Technicians. Advanced Life Support services are provided by the Southeast Quadrant Mobile Critical Care Unit (SEQ MCCU).
Notable people
Johnny Antonelli, Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who won the 1954 World Series with the New York Giants, lived in Pittsford after retiring.
Charles August, businessman and founder of Monro Muffler Brake
Tyson Beckford, model and actor, attended Pittsford Mendon High School
Paige Conners (born 2000), Israeli-American pairs figure skater who competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics with skating partner, Evgeni Krasnopolski, representing Israel.
Mary Therese Friel, Miss New York USA 1979 and Miss USA 1979.
John Curran, film director
Nicole Fiscella, played "Isabel Coates" on Gossip Girl
Steve Gadd, jazz drummer, born in Irondequoit, New York, attended high school in Pittsford
Teddy Geiger, pop musician and songwriter
Ephraim Goss (1806–1877), lawyer and state senator
C. R. Hagen, noted professor of particle physics at the University of Rochester, co-discoverer of Higgs Mechanism and Higgs Boson in 1964
Carl Hausman (born 1953), author, journalist, and educator
Mike Jones, Major League Baseball player
David Lanz, Grammy-nominated New Age pianist
Christopher Lasch, historian, moralist, and social critic
Henry Lomb, co-founder of Bausch & Lomb Company
Chuck Mangione, jazz musician
Pamela Melroy, astronaut, lived in Pittsford as a child
Danny Mendick, professional baseball player
Kaitlin Monte, USO Show Troupe, Miss New York 2011
Cathy Morse, professional golfer
Adam Podlesh, professional football player
Henrik Rummel, Olympic athlete, won a bronze medal at the 2012 London Olympic Games
Pam Sherman, Gannett columnist known as The Suburban Outlaw
Joy Tanner, Nora MacDonald on Disney's Life With Derek
Abby Wambach, soccer player, grew up in Pittsford
Leehom Wang, Mando-pop singer-songwriter, previously lived in Pittsford
Gerald B. Zornow (1916–1984), Chairman of Eastman Kodak Co, grew up in Pittsford
Communities and locations in the Town of Pittsford
Cartersville - a location on the Erie Canal on NY 96, home to the Cartersville Guard Gate.
East Rochester - most of the Town/Village of East Rochester is near the northeast town line on Routes 31F and 153.
Pittsford – The Village of Pittsford is centrally located in the town, on Routes 96 (Main Street) and 31 (State Street).
References
External links
Pittsford Chamber of Commerce
Historic Pittsford website
1827 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1827
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Towns in Monroe County, New York
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259888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Webster (village), New York | Webster is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 5,399 at the 2010 census. The village and town are named after orator and statesman Daniel Webster.
The Village of Webster lies near the center of the Town of Webster. It was incorporated in 1905. The village is crossed by Routes 104, 250, and 404.
Geography
Webster is located at (43.212113, -77.427292).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), all land.
History
The village of Webster has historically served as the core of the town of Webster. The commercial section of the village dates back to 1812, when the first two buildings were constructed near the present four corners. One of these buildings was a store and the other a tavern. From this modest beginning, the community and its center began to grow, becoming the commercial, social, and educational center of the town.1
The history of the village center reflects the changing economy of the community. The village core was originally an agricultural center and distribution point for the town. The junction of Ridge Road and Webster Nine-Mile Point Road, which connected shipping points on the Erie Canal and the New York Central Railroad with a small port on Lake Ontario, was referred to as "the Village" because of a concentration of population and businesses. The railroad at the north end of the village attracted dried or evaporated apple businesses and small wood-working industries. The Village continued to be the shipping center for the area's dried apple industry until well after the First World War. The village also had the world's largest basket factory and was the center for the canning industry in Monroe County.2
At the beginning of the 1900s, several events significantly influenced the development of the village and its downtown core. The first bank since the Civil War era was established in the core area and the Rochester-Sodus Bay Trolley connected Webster to Rochester leading to a major expansion of the village residential area. In 1905, the village was incorporated followed by municipal infrastructure improvements and services including fire protection, water service and sewage disposal.3
As the primary commercial hub of the area, the village of Webster also became the focus of the community's social life. The presence of the post office, library, banks, and government offices all served to bring people into the area. Further, commercial buildings also had several functions providing retail space on the ground floor and offices or residential apartments on the upper floors. These tenants provided sufficient rental income for property owners to both make a profit and properly maintain their buildings.4
After the Second World War, there were striking changes that transformed Webster's character. First, the agricultural nature of the area has been seen major encroachment by suburban growth moving outward from Rochester. The Town of Webster became one of the major suburban residential areas in Monroe County with its population more than doubling between 1950 and 1960. Substantial residential development has continued to the present. As a consequence, the agricultural industry that made the Village center a market point, administrative, social, and institutional center has diminished. Secondly. decisions made in the 1950s and 1960s by the former Haloid Company, now Xerox Corporation, to invest in major office, research and manufacturing facilities to be located in the village and the town of Webster brought about extensive changes in population growth trends in the area. The construction of Route 104 also contributed greatly to the area's growth as access to the metropolitan area was vastly improved. Along with population growth, there has been significant commercial expansion in the village. The downtown area is still attractive and vibrant. There is potential for new retail, residential, and office uses as evidenced by recent developments including the construction of an upscale steakhouse restaurant and a new multi-use office building as well as conversion of the former Key Bank for commercial and residential uses.
The Jayne and Mason Bank Building, William C. Jayne House, George G. Mason House, and Webster Baptist Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Footnotes
1 Webster ... Through The Years, Esther Dunn
2 Village of Webster Comprehensive Plan, 1998
3 Arthur Reed, Materials prepared for development study, 1965
4 National Trust for Historic Preservation, “What Happened to America’s Main Streets?”
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,216 people, 2,231 households, and 1,345 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,376.2 people per square mile (915.4/km2). There were 2,304 housing units at an average density of 1,049.6 per square mile (404.4/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 89.07% White, 4.10% Black or African American, 0.31% Native American, 3.66% Asian, 0.81% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.
There were 2,231 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $38,651, and the median income for a family was $49,471. Males had a median income of $39,613 versus $25,446 for females. The per capita income for the village was $21,317. About 8.3% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Parks
There are five parks within the Village of Webster comprising over of parkland which provide a variety of facilities, the including tennis courts, baseball diamonds, playground equipment, and picnic areas. These include the Schantz Village Manor Park, the Milton R Case Memorial Park, the Wilmorite Playground, the Veterans Memorial Park located on North Avenue and Harmony Park located on the corner of Foster Drive and Phillips Road. The Veterans Memorial Park contains a Large Gazebo which is the scene of the 9/11 Commemoration, the Veteran's Day Service, the Summer Friday night concert series and summer Movies in the Park. The Village Days Festival takes place each year in August along Main Street and in the Veterans Memorial Park. The Village of Webster also maintains the Village Band shell at Harmony Park on Foster Drive off Phillips Road. The band plays concerts in the band-shell on most Thursday evenings throughout the summer.
The Town of Webster's North Ponds Park is located just north of the Village boundary, and has facilities for hiking, picnicking, and fishing. A paved bike path, located adjacent to the expressway is easily accessible to Village residents. The Town of Webster Parks and Recreation center is located adjacent to the Village on Chiyoda Drive. This department offers recreational activities as well as hot meals during the week, for both Town and Village senior citizens.
Government
The village is governed by Mayor Darrell Byerts and four trustees. The Village Board meets on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month at 7:00pm. Village Board meetings are streamed live on Facebook. The Village of Webster has a Planning Board and Zoning Board, which normally meet on the first and third Thursdays of the month, respectively. The Village Board has established numerous residents' committees including a Historic Preservation Committee, a Parks and Recreation Committee, a Senior and Disabled Committee, and a Water Committee. The Village maintains a comprehensive calendar on the Village of Webster Website. Two members of the Village Board, the Mayor and a Trustee, are members of the Business Improvement District (BID) Board of Directors (http://www.websterbid.com) and the Farmers Market Committee. The Mayor is a member of the Webster Community Coalition for Economic Development (WCCED) Board of Directors (http://www.wcced.net/) and regularly attends meetings of the Webster Chamber of Commerce (http://websterchamber.com/).
Services
Water is provided by the Monroe County Water Authority. The Village Public Works Department plows the streets and sidewalks during the winter and maintains the roads and parks during the summer. Also once a month tree limbs are picked up year around, and in the fall leaves are picked up and composted by the Village. The Town of Webster Police Department protects citizens around the clock. Emergency services are provided by the Northeast Joint Fire District and Union Hill Ambulance. The Webster Village is also home to the Webster Post Office serving people who live and work in the Town and Village of Webster as well as people in the surrounding community. There is an excellent museum in the Village that illustrates the history of the Village and Town of Webster as well as the people of the early 1900s.
References
External links
Village of Webster, NY
Village of Webster Businesses
RW&O Railroad Station, Webster, NY
Villages in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
1905 establishments in New York (state)
Villages in Monroe County, New York
Populated places established in 1905 | [
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259889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%2C%20New%20York | Webster, New York | Webster is a town in the northeastern corner of Monroe County, New York, United States. The town is named after orator and statesman Daniel Webster. The population was 42,641 at the 2010 census. The town's motto is "Where Life Is Worth Living." The town contains a village also named Webster.
Geography
The town of Webster is bordered on the north by Lake Ontario, on the east by Wayne County, on the west by Irondequoit Bay and the town of Irondequoit, and on the south by the town of Penfield.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.5 square miles (91.9 km2), of which 33.5 square miles (86.8 km2) is land and 2 square miles (5.2 km2) is water.
Webster Park covers of the town's land along the Lake Ontario waterfront.
Demographics
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 42,641 people, 17,973 households, and 10,679 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,271.7 people per square mile (789.4/km2). There were 15,218 housing units at an average density of 447.1 per square mile (172.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.2% White, 2.3% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.4%, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.
Among the 17,973 households, 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $58,746, and the median income for a family was $79,225. Males had a median income of $50,263 versus $33,197 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,791. About 2.5% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
History
On July 25, 1837, orator and statesman Daniel Webster spoke to a gathering of Whigs in nearby Rochester about the economy. Whig farmers from North Penfield, who were part of Webster's audience, were so impressed by his eloquence that when they petitioned the state legislature for separate town status from Penfield, they chose to name it in his honor. On February 6, 1840, the northern part of Penfield was officially established as the town of Webster, with a population of 2,235. Webster has its own museum dedicated to sharing the town's history with its citizens. The museum has many permanent historical displays and also features changing displays for different times of the year.
Education
Webster's public schools are under the direction of the Webster Central School District (K-12). While all of its middle schools (Spry, Willink) and high schools (Thomas, Schroeder) are situated in the Town of Webster, only five of its seven elementary schools (DeWitt Road, Klem North, Klem South, Schlegel Road, State Road) are.
Additionally, there are several privately run schools:
Hillside Children's Center Halpern Education Center (grades 6–12), secular
Lakeside Alpha (grades 3–12), Christian Brethren
Rochester Christian School (grades pre-K–8), Calvinist
St. Rita School (grades pre-K–6), operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester
Webster Christian School (grades pre-K–12), non-denominational Christian
Webster Early Learning Center (grades pre-K–1), secular
Webster Montessori School (elementary), ¾ mile south of the town line in Penfield, serves students in the Webster school district
Sports community
On May 15, 2005, Webster was awarded the title of "Number 1 Sportstown in New York" by Sports Illustrated. SI Publisher David Morris said that "Webster's commitment to finding creative and resourceful ways to enhance sports for the well-being of its community fits perfectly with the principles of our Sportstown program, as well as the overall mission of our anniversary celebration."
Webster is part of the section V (Five) New York State Public High School Athletic Association along with the rest of Monroe County, Wayne, Livingston, Yates, Seneca, Steuben, Wyoming, Genesee, Orleans and Allegany.
The Webster Schroeder High School football team has won three New York State Championships in Class AA (a designation based on number of students). At one point, they had a winning streak of 31 games. In the USA Today High School football Super 25, Schroeder was, at one time, ranked #21 in the nation. At least five Webster players have gone on to play Division 1 college football at Syracuse, Michigan and Colgate, among others.
In March 2008, the Webster Thomas High School hockey team, in only its sixth year of competition, won the New York State Championship in Division II, beating Thousand Islands by a score of 5-2. The Webster Thomas soccer team also has won the sectional title 3 years in a row and went on to the state finals in 2007. The soccer team has produced two division 1 soccer athletes both attending Colgate University. The men's lacrosse team won a sectional title in 2009 and has produced many division 1 athletes under Coach Rob Ruller. The women's Lacrosse team has also won a section V title in 2007.
Webster's sports facilities include two lighted stadiums, a hockey/soccer complex, an indoor track and an Olympic-size indoor pool.
Webster has several sports clubs including the Webster Cyclones (youth hockey), Webster Lacrosse Club, and Webster Soccer Association. The annual Webster Lakefront Classic, run by the Webster Soccer Association, is one of the largest soccer tournaments in the Greater Rochester area and takes place annually on Father's Day weekend.
Webster is also home to a summer collegiate wood bat team, the Lake Ontario Ridgemen. The Ridgemen play in the New York Collegiate Baseball League. Their home games are played at Basket Road Stadium. The Ridgemen are run by an organization called Athletes in Action.
In 2014, the Webster Schroeder hockey team won the NYSPHSAA State Championship, beating Beekmantown by a score of 2–0.
Public safety
The Webster Police Department protects the citizens of Webster as a New York State Law Enforcement Accreditation Council agency. Joe Rieger is the current Chief of the Department. It consists of thirty two sworn officers and various other employees per the staff directory listed on the official town website.
Fire protection is covered by two agencies. On the west side of town, the West Webster Fire District provides fire protection. It is an all-volunteer department. Fire stations are located on Gravel Road, Backus Road, and Plank Road.
The east of town, including the village, are protected by the North East Joint Fire District (Webster F.D.) It is an all-volunteer department, as it has been for over one hundred years. Fire stations located on South Avenue in the village, Phillips Road in the town and Plank Road in Penfield.
Ambulance service is provided by West Webster in the west, and Webster EMS in the east. North East Quadrant Advanced Life Support Inc. provides ALS care for all patients in need, as well as, back-up transport services town-wide. Webster and West Webster fire departments provide EMS separate from ambulance depending on the severity of the call.
Homicides
On December 7, 2011, 15-year-old Michael Pilato poured gasoline over his house in Webster and set it on fire, killing his father and two brothers (16 and 12 years old) as his mother and teenage sister escaped with injuries. In June 2013, Pilato was convicted of second-degree murder, attempted murder, murder by arson, and arson; he was subsequently sentenced to life in prison.
During the predawn hours of December 24, 2012, 62-year-old William Spengler ambushed volunteer firefighters from the West Webster Fire Department, shooting and killing two and seriously wounding two others as they arrived to put out a car fire on Lake Road. Investigators later determined the fire was started by Spengler. Ultimately seven homes were destroyed because fire fighters were unable to extinguish the flames until the scene was made safe by law enforcement. Volunteer fire fighters Mike Chiapperini (also a lieutenant with the Webster Police Department) and Tomasz Kaczowka died at the scene. Theodore Scardino and Joseph Hofstetter remained hospitalized with serious injuries. John Ritter, a policeman from nearby Greece, New York, happened to be in the area, and was injured by shrapnel.
Spengler had armed himself with three guns: a .38-caliber revolver, a 12-gauge shotgun, and a .223-caliber Bushmaster semiautomatic rifle outfitted with a flash suppressor. Spengler had served 17 years in jail for manslaughter, having been convicted in 1981 of beating his 92-year-old grandmother to death with a hammer in 1980. He shot and killed himself as a SWAT team approached. Later, human remains believed to be those of his elder sister, with whom he had feuded, were found in his house. On December 28, 2012, 24 year-old Dawn Nguyen of Rochester, New York, was arrested and charged in connection with furnishing Spengler with certain weapons in his arsenal which were used in the ambush. In September 2014, she was convicted and sentenced to 8 years in prison. The New York State Senate subsequently included a "Webster provision" in a gun control law passed in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, mandating life without parole for murderers of emergency personnel.
Notable people
Elma Bellini - New York Supreme Court Justice
Brian Bliss - former player for the USA men's national soccer team, former coach of the Major League Soccer Kansas City Wizards, currently technical director for Columbus Crew
Paul Buchheit - lead developer of gmail and originator of the Google motto "Don't be Evil"
Grant Catalino - lacrosse player (University of Maryland); Denver MLL draft pick
Philo Dunning - member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Eugene K. Felt - member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Susan Gibney - actress
Gregor Gillespie - professional mixed martial artist
Lou Gramm- born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950 - Singer, songwriter, performer and lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Gramm was inducted to the Songwriters Hall of Fame on June 13, 2013.
Kara Lynn Joyce - swimmer, US National Team, Olympic Medalist in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics
Pat Kelly - professional American Football Player for the National Football League Denver Broncos
Brian Kozlowski - professional American Football Player for the National Football League Washington Redskins
Richard Leone - New Jersey Democratic Party politician; New Jersey State Treasurer
Edward Tsang Lu - space shuttle astronaut (also resided on the International Space Station)
Wendy O. Williams - late singer (The Plasmatics)
Communities and locations in the Town of Webster
Avalon Estates – A neighborhood development located off Phillips Rd.
Lake Road – A neighborhood also known as Fieldcrest located on Webster's east side. It runs along the town's northeastern Lake Ontario shoreline.
Forest Lawn – A neighborhood in the northwest part of the town, on the shore of Lake Ontario.
Gallant Fox - A neighborhood directly across from Hedges, a restaurant right off of Lake Ontario and down the road from “The Country Store” a gas station with general convenience store and a restaurant with an ice cream bar.
Glen Edith – A location on the west side of the town, on the shore of Irondequoit Bay.
Oakmonte – A large neighborhood in the central-southern part of the town consisting of private homes, apartments, and town homes.
Parkwood- a smaller neighborhood with its main entrance off of Klem Road and directly across from Klem North Elementary School. This neighborhood also houses a community park that shares its name.
Union Hill – A hamlet on the Wayne County line at the intersection of NY-404 and Ridge Road.
Webster (village), New York, located in the center of the town
West Webster – A hamlet at the intersection of Ridge and Gravel Road.
See also
Webster Public Library - serves the town of Webster, located at 980 Ridge Road
References
Further reading
Dunn, Esther. Webster Through the Years. Webster, NY: Webster Town Board, 1971.
External links
Webster Central Schools
Webster Parks and Recreation
Webster Chamber of Commerce
Webster Public Library
The Webster Museum
RW&O Railroad Station, Forest Lawn
North East Quadrant Advanced Life Support, Inc.
Towns in New York (state)
Rochester metropolitan area, New York
Towns in Monroe County, New York
Ukrainian communities in the United States
1840 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1840 | [
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259890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Amsterdam (town), New York | Amsterdam is a town in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 5,566 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands.
The town is adjacent to and borders the city of Amsterdam on three sides. The town is on the county's northeastern border.
The Erie Canal passes along the southern border of the town.
History
The region was controlled by the powerful Iroquois Confederation's member tribe, the Mohawk, prior to the entry of Europeans into the area.
The town was first settled around 1715, but most settlement did not take place until Sir William Johnson established his first seat of power in the region at Fort Johnson (earlier known as Mount Johnson), prior to founding the city of Johnstown.
The town was formed in 1793 from part of the town of Caughnawaga.
The village of Amsterdam was incorporated in 1838 in the south part of the town. As the village grew toward becoming the city of Amsterdam, it took in more territory inside the town. The town of Perth (also in Fulton County) was removed in 1838.
In 1865, the population of Amsterdam was 5,135.
The Hurricana Stock Farm and Samuel and Johanna Jones Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (2.14%) is water.
The northern town line is the border of Fulton County. The southern town boundary is defined by the Mohawk River. The eastern town line is at the border of both Saratoga County and Schenectady County.
New York State Route 5 and New York State Route 67 are east–west highways, partly conjoined near the Mohawk River. Both highways intersect north–south New York State Route 30 in the City of Amsterdam.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,520 people, 2,243 households, and 1,531 families residing in the town. The population density was 196.1 people per square mile (75.7/km2). There were 2,374 housing units at an average density of 80.0 per square mile (30.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.77% White, 0.69% Black or African-American, 0.10% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 3.36% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.32% of the population.
There were 2,243 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.2% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,097, and the median income for a family was $46,667. Males had a median income of $34,476 versus $23,533 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,099. About 5.1% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations
Chuctenunda Creek – A tributary of the Mohawk River, flowing through Amsterdam city.
Church Corners – A hamlet near the western town line on NY-67.
Cranesville – A hamlet east of Amsterdam city on NY-5 by the Mohawk River. The community is named after early settler David Crane.
Crescent Park – A hamlet northeast of Amsterdam city.
Evas Kill – A stream emptying into the Mohawk River, named after Evas van Alstyne, killed by natives in that location.
Fort Johnson – The Village of Fort Johnson is located west of Amsterdam city on NY-5.
Hagaman – The Village of Hagaman is northeast of Amsterdam city and was formerly called "Hagamans Mills" and located on the Chuctenunda Creek.
Harrower – A hamlet northeast of Amsterdam city.
Harrower Pond – A wide part of the Chuctanunda Creek.
Manny Corners – A hamlet northeast of Amsterdam city.
Rockton – A hamlet on the northern edge of Amsterdam city.
Tribes Hill – A hamlet at the western town line on NY-5 and former meeting place of the local natives.
Wallins Corners – A hamlet north of the City of Amsterdam.
References
External links
Town Of Amsterdam
Early historical information on Amsterdam
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Montgomery County, New York
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam%20%28city%29%2C%20New%20York | Amsterdam (city), New York | Amsterdam is a city in Montgomery County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 18,620. The city is named after Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
The City of Amsterdam is surrounded on the northern, eastern and western sides by the town of Amsterdam. The city developed on both sides of the Mohawk River, with the majority located on the north bank. The Port Jackson area on the south side is also part of the city.
History
Prior to settlement by Europeans, the region which includes Amsterdam was inhabited for centuries by the Mohawk tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy, which dominated most of the Mohawk Valley. They had pushed the Algonquin Mohican tribe to the east of the Hudson River.
Dutch settlers began to arrive in the area in the 1660s, founding Schenectady in 1664. They had been based in Albany, along the Hudson River to the east. They reached what would later be Amsterdam c.1710. They called the community Veeders Mills and Veedersburgh after Albert Veeder, an early mill owner. By the second decade of the 1700s, Scotch-Irish and German Palatinate immigrants began to arrive in the Mohawk Valley region, but few settled in Amsterdam. The governor of the colony granted a group of 100 Palatine German households land in the area that developed as Little Falls, New York to the west, where the English planned they could serve as a buffer to French and Native American incursions.
The American Revolutionary War had little effect on the Amsterdam region. No major battles were fought there or in the surrounding region. The Battle of Johnstown was essentially the repelling of a raid by British forces and their Native American, mostly Iroquois, allies.
Amsterdam grew slowly after the war, primarily providing the services needed for the farming communities which surrounded it. It was located in the now-defunct Town of Caughnawaga. When the Town of Amsterdam was created, the city changed its name to Amsterdam in 1803, possibly to encourage its selection as the seat of the town's government.
After the War, Loyalists such as the powerful Johnson family fled to Canada. Sir William Johnson had long been the British agent of Indian Affairs for this region. Many new land-hungry settlers came from New England as the state sold off former Iroquois lands for development. The settlement was incorporated as a village on April 20, 1830, from a section of the Town of Amsterdam.
This was a period of rapid growth for the village, influenced by major transportation developments. In turn, the Mohawk Turnpike, the Erie Canal, and construction of the railroad across the valley improved trade. The steeply descending creeks in the region, which flowed from the foothills of the Adirondacks, were used to power an increasing number of mills. These manufactured goods that were shipped from the region by land, canal and rail. Products such as linseed oil, brooms, knit ware, buttons, and iron goods were produced in the growing village, which became an important manufacturing center. It was best known, however, for its carpets, eventually becoming the carpet and rug manufacturing center of the U.S.
Through the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Amsterdam was a destination for immigrants from Europe: Irish, Italian, Polish, and Lithuanian peoples, among others, who found work in the factories.
In 1865, the population of Amsterdam was 5,135. New charters in 1854, 1865, and 1875 increased the size of the village. In 1885, Amsterdam incorporated as a city; it expanded by annexing Rockton to the north, and the former village of Port Jackson on the south side of the Mohawk River was annexed to become the fifth ward of the city. By 1920, the city's population was 33,524.
In the Great Depression, the mills slowed down their output, but did not close. The city survived the two world wars without significant effect. Shortly after World War II, however, manufacturing in general began to move to the southern United States, where labor costs and taxes were lower. The mills of Amsterdam also shifted their jobs to the South. After a period in the South, that region lost industrial jobs to overseas locations.
Additionally, the second and third generations of the city's immigrant families often left to go to college and did not return, as there were few jobs to attract college-educated citizens. The city attempted to re-create its industrial base, but these efforts were not particularly successful.
Subsequent city and State projects intended for improved commuting and urban renewal resulted in eroding the local character of the city. As the city's website expresses it:
In an attempt to draw people and business back to Amsterdam, the City and State began a program of urban renewal and arterial roadway construction, destroying much of the original fabric of downtown. Now, not only is there less to go downtown for, it's harder to get there. Once again, Amsterdam is somewhere to be bypassed on the way to somewhere else.
In the early 21st century, post-industrial Amsterdam is still trying to re-invent itself. The city suffered serious flood damage in late August 2011, in the aftermath of Hurricane Irene. The flooding threatened properties at the river's edge due to erosion and water damage.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km), of which 5.9 square miles (15.4 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.9 km) is water, with the total area being 5.41% water. The city developed on both sides of the Mohawk River and Erie Canal, and both North Chuctanunda Creek and South Chuctanunda Creek flow into the Mohawk at Amsterdam.
New York State Route 30, a north-south highway called Market Street in part, crosses the Mohawk River to link the main part of Amsterdam to the New York State Thruway. NY-30 also intersects east-west highways New York State Route 5 and New York State Route 67 in the city. New York State Route 5S passes along the south side of the Mohawk River.
Amsterdam is currently within New York's 20th congressional district.
Economy
In the 19th century, the city of Amsterdam was known for carpet, textile, and pearl button manufacturing. It continued to be a center for carpet-making in the 20th century, when the Bigelow-Sanford and Mohawk Mills Carpet companies both were located in Amsterdam, but these companies have relocated to other regions. Amsterdam was also the home of Coleco, makers of the ColecoVision, Cabbage Patch Kids and the Coleco Adam. Founded in 1932 as the Connecticut Leather Company, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988 after a failed attempt to enter the electronics market, and pulled out of Amsterdam, as well as its other North American manufacturing sites.
The enclosed shopping center is named the Amsterdam Riverfront Center. Once filled with clothing shops, the mall complex has been adapted for offices of doctors, public assistance services, community organizations, a radio station WCSS, and an off-track betting site.
Media in Amsterdam includes one print newspaper, The Recorder, which is owned by the Schenectady-based Daily Gazette, an online newspaper, The Mohawk Valley Compass, and two AM radio stations, WVTL and WCSS.
In the early 2000s, distribution centers began being constructed in the Florida Business Park in the Town of Florida, which is located just outside the City of Amsterdam. The park currently holds Target, Hill & Marks, Alpin Haus, and most recently, Dollar General. In 2019, Vida Blend broke ground on a new distribution center in the park. Some thousands of city and adjacent county residents are now employed by these businesses.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 18,620 people, 8,324 households, and 4,721 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,176.4 people per square mile (1,226.4/km). There were 9,218 housing units at an average density of 1,573 per square mile (607/km). The racial makeup of the city was 80.4% White (68.1% Non Hispanic White), 3.8% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander and 3.4% from two or more races. 26.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 8,146 households in the city, with the average household size being 2.24 persons. In the city, 25.0% of the people were under the age of 18 and 15.8% were age 65 or older. The median income for a household in the city, based on data from 2007 to 2011, was $38,699.
Transportation
Amsterdam is at the convergence of State Routes 5, 30 and 67. The New York State Thruway/Interstate 90 is slightly less than one mile to the southwest of the city.
Three Amtrak trains stop at Amsterdam Station in each direction daily:
The Maple Leaf, operating between Toronto Union Station, and New York Penn Station
Two Empire Service trains, operating between Niagara Falls and New York Penn Station
Sports
Amsterdam's municipal golf course was designed by Robert Trent Jones.
The city is home to the Amsterdam Mohawks baseball team of the Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League. The team plays at Shuttleworth Park.
The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame was located in Amsterdam until November 2015, when it relocated to Wichita Falls, Texas.
Places of interest
The Mohawk Valley Gateway Overlook pedestrian bridge spans the Mohawk River and connects the city's Bridge Street downtown area on the south shore and Riverlink Park on the north. It was built from 2014 to 2016.
Lock E11 was built to facilitate water traffic on the Mohawk River/Erie Canal; it is one of 8 locks which include a truss structure which spans the river and which has multiple steel gates which can be opened and closed by the use of electric winches in order to dam the river or let it flow freely.
The Sanford Clock Tower, also known as the Sanford Mills, the Hasbro Plant, the Coleco Industries Plant – where Cabbage Patch Dolls and ColecoVision were manufactured in the 1970s and 1980s – and, currently, the Clock Tower Complex, was built in 1922 for carpet magnate Stephen Sanford as the headquarters and mill of the Sanford-Bigelow Carpet Company. The current owners, who bought the property in 2001, hope to attract small businesses and professional as well as manufacturing and warehousing businesses to the building.
Although ill-considered urban renewal highway projects did significant damage to the city's historic downtown, a few historic buildings and sites, mostly from the 19th and 20th centuries, remain in the city, and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP):
Amsterdam (46th Separate Company) Armory was built in 1895 as an armory for the New York Army National Guard and was decommissioned in 1994. It is now a bed and breakfast inn called the Amsterdam Castle;
Amsterdam City Hall was built in 1869 as the residence of carpet magnate Stephen Sanford. In 1932 it was deeded to the city to become its city hall;
the Amsterdam Free Library is a Carnegie library which was built in 1903;
the Gray-Jewett House, was built in 1890;
Green Hill Cemetery;
the Greene Mansion was built in 1881;
Guy Park Manor was built in 1774 in the Georgian style for Guy Johnson, the Irish-born nephew and son-in-law to Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, the British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in colonial New York. It replaced an earlier house which burnt down. The house and the land it is located on sustained significant damage from Hurricane Irene; the house is located in close proximity to Lock E11;
the Guy Park Avenue School was built in 1902 and ceased being used as a school in 1968;
Samuel Sweet Canal Store was built in 1847 to service barges on the Erie Canal as both a store and a forwarding warehouse;
the Saint Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church Complex contains a church (1897, enlarged 1912), a school building (1906, closed in 2011), a former convent, now the parish center (1934) and a rectory (1941);
the Temple of Israel is a synagogue built in 1901;
United States Post Office built in 1936; and
Vrooman Avenue School, built in 1916 and ceased operating as a school in 1975; it is now an apartment building.
The Chalmers Knitting Mills was added to the NRHP in 2010, but was later demolished.
Houses of worship
Calvary Assembly of God (Pentecostal)
Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses
Congregation Sons of Israel (Jewish)
Covenant Presbyterian Church
Crossroads Community Church (independent)
Five Buddha Temple
First Baptist Church of Amsterdam
First Reformed Church
Goddess of Mercy Temple (Buddhist)
Iglesia de Dios, Torre Fuerte (Hispanic Pentecostal)
Lord of the Harvest Church (Non-denominational)
Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Catholic)
Pilgrim Holiness Church
Salvation Army
Segunda Sinagoga (Pentocostal)
Seventh-day Adventist Church
St. Ann's (Episcopal)
St. Luke's (Lutheran)
St. Mary's (Roman Catholic)
St. Nicholas (Ukrainian Catholic)
St. Stanislaus (Roman Catholic)
The Time for Truth
Trinity Lutheran
United Presbyterian Church
Education
Public schools
Elementary
William H. Barkley Elementary
William B. Tecler Arts in Education Magnet School
Marie Curie Institute of Engineering & Communications
Raphael J. McNulty Academy for International Studies and Literacy
Secondary
Wilbur H. Lynch Literacy Academy
Amsterdam High School (part of the Greater Amsterdam School District, located in the Town of Amsterdam)
Private schools
St. Mary's Institute
Library
The Amsterdam Free Library at 28 Church Street is a Carnegie library built in 1902-1903 with $25,000 from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It was designed by Albert W. Fuller in the Beaux-Arts style.
Government
Amsterdam's government consists of a city council and a mayor. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The council consists of five members each elected from wards.
Mayors
Notable people
Notable natives or residents of Amsterdam include:
Gary Aldrich, FBI agent assigned to the White House under Presidents George H. W. Bush and Clinton; author of a book about the Clinton administration
Bruce Anderson, Medal of Honor recipient, American Civil War soldier
Benedict Arnold (1780–1849), United States Congressman from New York
Felix Joseph Aulisi, New York Supreme Court Justice, Appellate Division
Josh Beekman, former National Football League offensive guard (Chicago Bears)
Benjamin Paul Blood, inventor, poet, and philosopher
Matthias J. Bovee, United States Congressman from New York
Roger Bowman, professional baseball player
Lucille Bremer, actress
Tim Buckley, musician
Dr. Tom Catena, physician, humanitarian
Todd Cetnar, played professional basketball in the United Kingdom
William B. Charles, former US Congressman
Jessica Collins (Birth name: Jessica Capogna), actress
Charles Dayan, United States Congressman from New York and former Lieutenant Governor of New York
Kirk Douglas, actor
Mary Anne Krupsak, New York State Lieutenant Governor
John Henry Manny, inventor of the Manny Reaper
H. Edmund Machold, Speaker of the New York State Assembly
Chris Marcil, television producer, writer, and actor
George Miles, Michigan Supreme Court justice
Marilyn Hall Patel, federal judge for United States District Court for the Northern District of California, vacated the conviction of Fred Korematsu of the 1944 Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States
Rocco Petrone, Apollo program director
Todd Pettengill, former professional wrestling show host and announcer for World Wrestling Entertainment.
David Pietrusza, author, historian,memoirist
Homer P. Snyder, former US Congressman
Vernon Tichenor, Wisconsin State Assemblyman
Ray Tomlinson, implemented the first person-to-person network email
Paul Tonko, Congressional Representative from New York, former New York State Assemblyman
Beth Van Duyne, Congressional Representative from Texas, former mayor of Irving, Texas, and former HUD official
Samuel Wallin, former US Congressman
Willis Wendell, industrialist and New York State Senator
Harrison Wilson, Jr., American educator and college basketball coach who served as the second president of Norfolk State University from 1975–1997.
Ruth Zakarian, Miss New York Teen USA 1983, Miss Teen USA 1983
References
External links
City of Amsterdam website
Cities in New York (state)
Cities in Montgomery County, New York
Populated places established in 1830
1830 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canajoharie%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Canajoharie (village), New York | Canajoharie () is a village in the Town of Canajoharie in Montgomery County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 2,229. The name is said to be a Mohawk language term meaning "the pot that washes itself," referring to the "Canajoharie Boiling Pot," a circular gorge in the Canajoharie Creek, just south of the village.
The village of Canajoharie is at the north border of the Town of Canajoharie; it is west of Amsterdam and east of Utica. The village and town name also refer to Canajoharie, a historic Mohawk town that was located west of here, referred to by the English colonists as the "Upper Castle." A church stands at that site from the pre-revolutionary era; the Mohawk Upper Castle Historic District is a National Historic Landmark.
The village of Canajoharie is home to one of a handful of operating "dummy lights" in the United States, located downtown at the intersection of Church, Mohawk and Montgomery Streets. It is a traffic signal on a pedestal located in the middle of an intersection; it was first installed in 1926. Two others are located in New York State, in Beacon and Croton-on-Hudson.
The Erie Canal passes the north side of the village.
The village was the headquarters for the manufacturing operations of the Beech-Nut baby food company in the 20th century. The plant was closed in March 2011 with production moving to Florida in the same county, on the south side of the river.
In 2015 most of the village (and a small area to its south) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Canajoharie Historic District, due to its importance as a transportation hub over its existence and the well-preserved architecture from different eras. In addition, the Bragdon-Lipe House, the Van Alstyne House, the West Hill School, and the United States Post Office are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
The current village is located east of the historic Canajoharie, one of two major towns of the Mohawk nation in the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Mohawk Upper Castle Historic District in the former area contains the Upper Castle Church (1769) and archeological sites related to Mohawk and Iroquois history; it is a National Historic Landmark.
Palatine German settlers, Protestant refugees from religious wars in Europe, were allowed to establish a community in this area in the 1730s. They had earlier lived in work camps along the Hudson River in Dutchess County, to pay off their passage from England, which was paid by Queen Anne's government. Their community was called "Roofville" (according to anglicized spelling) after early inhabitant Johannes Rueff. The village was incorporated in 1829.
During the middle of the 19th century, three fires almost destroyed the village. It was renamed Canajoharie. Because of the losses due to the fires, the town passed an ordinance prohibiting houses to be constructed of wood. Many of the older houses in the town are made of brick or locally quarried stone.
After the Revolutionary War,George Washington visited Canajoharie. He had been in the region to survey damage done to nearby Cherry Valley from a destructive raid by Joseph Brant, a noted Mohawk chief allied with the British, and his forces. Washington stayed the night at Van Alstyne Homestead (sometimes referred to as Fort Rensselaer), a common meeting place.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.5 km2), of which 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2) (2.99%) is water.
The village is on the south bank of the Mohawk River.
The New York State Thruway, New York State Route 5S (Erie Boulevard/East Main Street), and New York State Route 10 (Rock Street/Reed Street) pass through the village. On the opposite bank of the Mohawk is the community of Palatine Bridge in the Town of Palatine; both names refer to the colonial German settlers.
Wintergreen Park is one mile from the village and offers views of the Canajoharie Gorge and the Canajoharie Falls.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,229 people, 929 households, and 567 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,741.5 people per square mile (670.3/km2). There were 1,037 housing units at an average density of 777.0 per square mile (299.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 95% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of the population.
There were 929 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $32,169, and the median income for a family was $46,544. Males had a median income of $39,833 versus $36,394 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,486. About 13.0% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 23.7% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Susan B. Anthony, women's rights pioneer, taught school here.
Joseph Brant, Mohawk chief.
Molly Brant, Mohawk leader.
Alfred Conkling, was a lawyer, statesman, and jurist.
Frederick Conkling, son of Alfred Conkling and brother of Roscoe Conkling. He became a US Representative for the state of New York.
Josiah Failing, fourth mayor of Portland, Oregon. He gained much of his wealth, as an entrepreneur through general merchandise.
Bernhard Gillam, a political cartoonist. He died of typhoid in Canajoharie, New York.
Myron Grimshaw, major league baseball player. A right fielder for the Boston Red Sox for three seasons, 1905-1907.
Thomas James, a former slave who became a minister in upstate New York, and published a well-regarded memoir.
Jacob Klock, was the colonel of the 2nd regiment of the Tryon County militia during the American Revolutionary War.
Sean MacFarland, Lieut. Gen., Commanding General of US Army's 1st Armored Division and Fort Bliss, Texas, later Commanding General of US Army's III Corps and Fort Hood, Texas
Charles McVean, US Representative for the state of New York. While in Canajoharie, he was the editor of the towns newspaper.
Ots-Toch, 17th-century Mohawk woman from Canajoharie who married the Dutch trader Cornelius Anthonisse Van Slyck; together they founded the Van Slyck family in New Netherland.
Edwin M. Randall, Chief Justice for the state of Florida.
Hendrick Theyanoguin, Mohawk leader.
Benjamin Van Alstyne, was head coach of Michigan State University basketball team from, (1927–1949).
Rebecca Winters, Mormon pioneer.
References
Notes
City of Beacon. Canajoharie, New York: Credits. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
Croton-on-Hudson Historical Society. Canajoharie, New York: Credits. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
Villages of Canajoharie & Palatine Bridge. Canajoharie, New York: Credits.
External links
Brief area history
Chamber of Commerce information
Canajoharie Village Court
The Arkell Museum at Canajoharie
Villages in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1829
Villages in Montgomery County, New York
Palatine German settlement in New York (state)
1829 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canajoharie%2C%20New%20York | Canajoharie, New York | Canajoharie () is a town in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 3,730 in 2010. Canajoharie is located south of the Mohawk River on the southern border of the county. The Erie Canal passes along the northern town line. There is also a village of Canajoharie in the town. Both are east of Utica and west of Amsterdam.
These were settled as European-American jurisdictions, named for the historic Mohawk village of the same name, which was also known as the Mohawk Upper Castle.
History
The town is near the former site of Canajoharie, an important village of the Mohawk nation that also became known as the Upper Castle. The Mohawk had as their territory most of the central area of present-day New York, from the Hudson River west to where Oneida territory started. They also used the St. Lawrence River valley as hunting grounds after 1601. They dominated the fur trade with the French based in central Quebec, and with Dutch and later English in eastern New York. French, Dutch and later English trappers and traders came to this Mohawk village to trade. Both the French and Dutch married or had unions with Mohawk women, increasing their ties with the people. Their mixed-race children married into the Dutch and later English communities. Many of their sons also became interpreters or traders.
Anglo-Europeans began settling in the area circa1737, and the Mohawk gradually adopted certain English customs in their village. Because the Mohawk and three other Iroquois nations were allied with the British during the Revolutionary War, they were forced to cede most of their lands in New York after the United States' victory. The state sold millions of acres of land to speculators and private owners.
The town of Canajoharie was consumed by fire twice, causing an ordinance to be passed prohibiting homes to be constructed of wood. Therefore, many of the older homes in the town are made of brick or locally quarried stone.
After the Revolutionary War, George Washington visited Canajoharie after surveying the damage to nearby Cherry Valley. He stayed the night at the Van Alstyne home, a common meeting place. The Van Alstyne house has long been referred to by some as Ft. Rensselaer; the actual Ft. Rensselaer (destroyed sometime before the French-Indian War) was in nearby Fort Plain.
The modern town was formed in 1788, but was reduced in size to create the towns of Minden (1797) and Root (in part, 1822). While the Mohawk Valley developed with the completion of the Erie Canal, the project also enabled considerable migration from New York to the Midwest. The population of the town in 1865 was 4,248.
Beech-Nut, the baby food producer, was founded in Canajoharie in 1890 during the period of early industrialization in the river valley. It served as the largest employer in the town for more than a century. In March 2011, the Beech-Nut factory moved out of Canajoharie, relocating to a new factory in the nearby town of Florida, near Amsterdam on the south side of the river, still in Montgomery County.
Notable people
Susan B. Anthony, women's rights pioneer, taught school here
Frank Barbour, football player, coach, and businessman
Joseph Brant (1743–1807), Mohawk chief
Molly Brant (1736–1796), Mohawk leader
Thomas Burdick, leader in early Latter Day Saint movement, Mormon pioneer, politician in California
Alfred Conkling, lawyer, statesman, and jurist
Frederick Conkling, son of Alfred Conkling and brother of Roscoe Conkling; became congressman for state of New York
Josiah Failing, 4th Mayor of Portland, Oregon; gained wealth as entrepreneur through general merchandise
Bernhard Gillam, political cartoonist; died of typhoid in Canajoharie
Myron Grimshaw, Major League Baseball player; right fielder for Boston Red Sox 1905-1907
Dan Hunt, football head coach, Colgate University
Thomas James, former slave of Asa Kimball who became minister in upstate New York
John Keyes, first Adjutant General of Connecticut
Jacob Klock, colonel of 2nd regiment of Tryon County militia during Revolutionary War
James Knox, U.S. Representative from Illinois
Mary Anne Krupsak, lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of New York 1975-78
Sean MacFarland, Lieutenant General, Army, Commanding General of 1st Armored Division and Fort Bliss, Texas, later Commanding General of III Corps and Fort Hood, Texas
Charles McVean, Congressman for New York; while in Canajoharie, was editor of town's newspaper
George A. Mitchell, founder of Cadillac, Michigan
Ots-Toch, 17th Century Mohawk woman from Canajoharie who married Dutch trader Cornelius Anthonisse Van Slyck, founding Van Slyck family in New Netherland
Edwin M. Randall, Chief Justice for Florida
Hendrick Theyanoguin (1692–1755), Mohawk leader
Benjamin Van Alstyne, head coach of Michigan State University basketball team 1927–1949
Amy Vedder, ecologist and primatologist involved in conservation work with mountain gorillas
Rebecca Winters, Mormon pioneer
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.16%, is water.
The southern town line is the border of Schoharie County, while the northern town boundary is defined by the Mohawk River.
The New York State Thruway crosses the northern part of the town, following the river. New York State Route 5S parallels the Thruway. New York State Route 10 is a north-south highway, intersecting the Thruway and NY-5S at Canajoharie village.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,797 people, 1,492 households, and 1,026 families residing in the town. The population density was 88.5 people per square mile (34.2/km2). There were 1,637 housing units at an average density of 38.2 per square mile (14.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.02% White, 0.63% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.32% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population.
There were 1,492 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,701, and the median income for a family was $39,646. Males had a median income of $29,107 versus $22,617 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,702. About 11.0% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the town
Ames – A village in the southern section of the town on NY-10.
Bowmans Creek – A stream in the southern part of the town.
Budd Hill – A location at the southern town line, south of Ames.
Buel – A hamlet in the southwestern section of the town, on Bowmans Creek. The community and much of the southern part of Canajoharie were once called Bowmans Creek, after early settler Jacob Bowman.
Canajoharie – A village in the northern part of the town, on the Mohawk River and NY-10.
Canajoharie Creek – A stream in the south central part of the town.
Canajoharie Falls – A waterfall located south of the Village of Canajoharie.
Fort Plain – A village that is partly in the town at the western town line.
Maple Hill – A location east of Marshville.
Mapletown – A location near the eastern town line, named after local trees.
Marshville – A hamlet south of Canajoharie village on NY-10.
Sprout Brook – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town, on Bowmans Creek.
Van Deusenville – A hamlet near the town line in the southwestern section of the town.
Waterville – A hamlet northeast of Ames.
References in popular culture
They Might Be Giants featured a song titled "Canajoharie" on their 2011 album Join Us (2011).
Canajoharie is the title of a melancholic, Pop inspired piano piece at the album Mia Brentano’s Hidden Sea: 20 Songs for 2 Pianos by Benyamin Nuss & Max Nyberg (2018).
References
External links
Brief summary history
Palatine Bridge/Canajoharie information
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Montgomery County, New York
1788 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places on the Mohawk River
Populated places established in 1788 | [
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259894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Johnsville%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | St. Johnsville (village), New York | St. Johnsville is a village in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 1,732 at the 2010 census. Accounts vary as to the etymology of the name, but most of these credit Alexander St. John, an early surveyor and commissioner, while still others credit an early name for the area, St. John's Church.
The Village of St. Johnsville is in the southern part of the Town of St. Johnsville and lies between Utica and Amsterdam. In 2019, almost the entire village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the St. Johnsville Historic District.
History
The area was within the territory of the Mohawk tribe when Europeans first entered the Mohawk Valley. Palatine Germans began settling the area in the early 18th century.
The community was first settled circa 1775.
A small battle was fought during the American Revolution in 1780 near Fort Klock, which lies to the east of St. Johnsville.
St. Johnsville village was incorporated in 1857.
On June 28, 2006, St. Johnsville faced its worst flood in one hundred years.
The Bates-Englehardt Mansion, Stone Grist Mill Complex, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Margaret Reaney Memorial Library was added in 2012.
In 2016, St. Johnsville's first organic chicken farm, Simple Coop Organics, opened. Simple Coop invested in the community with scenic rental properties.
Geography
St. Johnsville is located at (42.999674, -74.678386).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.9 square mile (2.2 km2), all land.
The village is on the north bank of the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal. Zimmermann Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk, flows through the village.
New York State Route 5 passes through the village as Main Street.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,685 people, 693 households, and 410 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,967.3 people per square mile (756.5/km2). There were 774 housing units at an average density of 903.7 per square mile (347.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.87% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.18% Asian, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.
There were 693 households, out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $28,043, and the median income for a family was $37,431. Males had a median income of $28,523 versus $21,115 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,467. About 11.6% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
St. Johnsville Chamber of Commerce
Village of St. Johnsville
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Montgomery County, New York
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, New York
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Johnsville%2C%20New%20York | St. Johnsville, New York | St. Johnsville is a town in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 2,631 at the 2010 census. Accounts vary as to the etymology of St. Johnsville, but most of them state that the town and its village are named after an early surveyor and commissioner, Alexander St. John. Still others credit the naming of St. Johnsville to a former name for the area, St. John's Church.
The Town of St. Johnsville is in the northwestern part of the county. The town contains a village, also called St. Johnsville. Both town and village are approximately halfway between Utica and Amsterdam.
The Erie Canal, as part of the Mohawk River, is at the town's southern border.
History
The town was first settled around 1725. The territory was part of the Palatine District.
In 1769, Sir William Johnson built a church in the town for the benefit of his Indian allies.
A brief skirmish was fought in the town in 1780 near Fort Klock, a fortified house.
The Town of St. Johnsville was formed in 1838 from the Town of Oppenheim ( which then became part of the newly created Fulton County ).
In 1857, the community of St. Johnsville set itself off from the town by incorporating as a village.
According to the Enterprise and News, Nov. 17, 1937, by 1934, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Reaney had given 120 acres of land to the Village of Saint Johnsville. This land was named Klock Park after Dr. Charles M. Klock, a highly regarded local physician. Today the H.C Smith Benefit Club utilizes the building to host many community events.
The First Methodist Episcopal Church of St. Johnsville, Fort Klock, Enlarged Double Lock No. 33 Old Erie Canal, Nellis Tavern, and Margaret Reaney Memorial Library are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45.0 km2), of which 16.8 square miles (43.6 km2) is land and 0.5 square mile (1.4 km2) (3.11%) is water.
The Mohawk River forms the southern town line. The northern town boundary is the border of Fulton County, and the western town line is the border of Herkimer County, marked by East Canada Creek.
St. Johnsville is the smallest town in the county (by area).
NY-5 is an east-west highway in the southern part of the town. The western terminus of NY-67 is at NY-5, east of St. Johnsville village. The southern terminus of NY-331 is near the northwestern part of the town.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,565 people, 1,043 households, and 658 families residing in the town. The population density was 152.4 people per square mile (58.8/km2). There were 1,170 housing units at an average density of 69.5 per square mile (26.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.67% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.36% of the population.
There were 1,043 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,719, and the median income for a family was $39,830. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $21,010 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,116. About 9.5% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of St. Johnsville
East Canada Creek – A stream defining the western town line.
Fort Klock – A historic fortified house, built by Johannes Klock in 1750, located east of St Johnsville village on the south side of NY-5. The property also contains other re-constructed or re-located historic structures.
Klock Park – A park northwest of St. Johnsville village, named after Dr.Charles M.Klock.
St. Johnsville – The Village of St. Johnsville is on the north shore of the Mohawk River on NY-5.
West St. Johnsville (or Upper St. Johnsville) – A hamlet west of St. Johnsville village on NY-5.
References
External links
St. Johnsville Chamber of Commerce
St. Johnsville history links
Early St. Johnsville history
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Montgomery County, New York
Populated places on the Mohawk River | [
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259896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempstead%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Hempstead (village), New York | Hempstead is a village located in the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 53,891 at the 2010 census, but by 2019 had reached 55,113 according to the U.S. Census Bureau estimate. It is the most densely populated village in New York. Hempstead Village is the site of the seventeenth-century "town spot" from which English and Dutch settlers developed the Town of Hempstead, the Town of North Hempstead, and ultimately Nassau County. It is the largest community by population in both the Town of Hempstead and Nassau County.
Hofstra University is located in Hempstead.
Etymology
Hempstead may have been named after Hemel Hempstead in the English county of Hertfordshire, where village founder John Carman was born. Another theory regarding the origin of the village's name is that it is derived from the town of Heemstede in the Netherlands, as this was an area from which many Dutch settlers of New Netherland originated.
In 1664, the new settlement adopted the Duke's Laws, an austere set of laws that became the basis upon which the laws of many colonies were to be founded. For a time, Hempstead became known as "Old Blue," as a result of the blue laws.
History
Foundation
The land on which the Village of Hempstead stands was under Dutch control from the early 1620s. In the fall of 1643, two followers of the Presbyterian minister Richard Denton, Robert Fordham and John Carman, crossed Long Island Sound by rowboat to negotiate with the local Native Americans for a tract of land upon which to establish a new community. Representatives of the Marsapeague (Massapequa), Mericock (Merrick), Matinecock and Rekowake (Rockaway) tribes met with the two men at a site slightly west of the current Denton Green in Hempstead Village. Tackapousha, who was the sachem (chief spokesman) of the Marsapeague, was the acknowledged spokesman for conducting the transaction. The Indians sold approximately 64,000 acres (260 km2), the present day towns of Hempstead and North Hempstead, for an unknown quantity of items; a 1657 revisit of this agreement names large and small cattle, stockings, wampum, hatchets, knives, trading cloth, powder, and lead given as payment by the English. Some items may have been valuable to the Native Americans in terms of the contemporary markets for European "trinkets," which may have held symbolic and spiritual importance to Native America peoples in the Northeast.
In the spring of 1644, thirty to forty families left Stamford, Connecticut, crossed Long Island Sound, landed in Hempstead Harbor and eventually made their way to the present site of the village of Hempstead where they began their English settlement within Dutch-controlled New Netherland. The settling of Hempstead marked the beginnings of the oldest English settlement in what is now Nassau County. Subsequent trips across the Sound brought more settlers who prepared a fort here for their mutual protection. These original Hempstead settlers were Puritans in search of a place where they could more freely express their particular brand of Protestantism. They established a Presbyterian church that is the oldest continually active Presbyterian congregation in the nation. In 1843, Benjamin F. Thompson wrote and published a history of the village, and an account of contemporary Hempstead Village. Thompson reported that there were 200 dwellings, and 1,400 residents; that the village was connected to New York City by a turnpike and a railroad; that it had dry soil, excellent water, and pure air; and that it was the principal place of mercantile, and mechanical business, in the county. The village of Hempstead was incorporated on May 6, 1853, becoming the first community in Queens County (Nassau County did not exist as a separate county until 1899) to do so.
Rise
As the years passed, the population of Hempstead increased, as did its importance and prestige. Between 1703 and 1705, the newly formed St. George's Church received a silver communion service from England's Queen Anne.
During the American Revolution, Hempstead was a center of British sympathizers. The British attempted to occupy Hempstead after the Battle of Long Island, and used St. George's as a headquarters as well as a place to worship. Judge Thomas Jones faulted a lax peace treaty for forcing the evacuation of the loyalists.
In the 19th century, Hempstead became increasingly important as a trading center for Long Island. In 1853 it became the first self-governing incorporated village. Many prominent families such as the Vanderbilts and the Belmonts built homes here, making Hempstead a center of Long Island society. Hempstead merchants established routes out to outlying farms and served as a distribution point for many firms. Wagons would leave Hempstead loaded with tobacco, candy, and cigarettes and return in a week to restock. Bakeries covered routes from Baldwin to Far Rockaway daily. Butchers ran routes to Seaford, Elmont, Valley Stream, Wantagh, East Meadow, Creedmoor, East Rockaway and Christian Hook. Drugs, medicines, perfumes, extracts, aprons, children's coats and dresses and men's clothes were peddled about the country by Hempstead merchants. People came from all sections of Queens to purchase stoves, and there were few places outside Hempstead where stoves could be purchased. Hempstead was the shopping center for Nassau County and the eastern portion of Queens, those settlements east of Jamaica before 1900 when Nassau County was established, following the creation of the City of Greater New York in 1898. Hempstead has historically been the center of commercial activity for the eastern counties of Long Island. In Nassau County, all major county roads emanate from this village. During the 18th and 19th centuries, all stage coaches en route to eastern Long Island from Brooklyn passed through Hempstead. Today, seventeen bus routes and three interstate buses leave from the village every day. In addition, the Hempstead Branch of the Long Island Rail Road has its terminal here. At one time, there were three railroad companies with terminals within the village.
In March 1898, Camp Black was formed on the Hempstead Plains (roughly the shared location of Hempstead and Garden City), in support of the impending Spanish–American War. Camp Black was bounded on the north by Old Country Road, on the west by Clinton Road, and on the south by the Central Line rail. Camp Black was opened on April 29, 1898 as a training facility and a point of embarkation for troops.
Early Long Islanders made their living in agriculture or from the sea. Hempstead, with its central location, became the marketplace for the outlying rural farming communities. It was a natural progression, as the surrounding areas developed from small farms into today's suburbia, that Hempstead Village would remain as the marketplace. Chain department stores such as Arnold Constable and Abraham & Straus called Hempstead home for many years. Hempstead's Abraham & Straus was the largest grossing suburban department store in the country during the late 1960s. Hempstead was Nassau's retail center during the 1940s through the 1960s. The advent of regional shopping malls such as the one at nearby Roosevelt Field, the demise of nearby Mitchel Air Force Base in 1961 as well as the changing demographics put the retail trade in the village into a downward spiral that it was unable to recover from during the recessions of the 1970s and 1980s. A plethora of businesses left the village in the 1980s and early 1990s, including Abraham & Straus.
Recent years
In the course of the 1990s the village saw redevelopment as a government center as well as business center. There are more government employees from all levels of government in the village than there are in the county seat in Mineola. According to James York, the municipal historian, writing in 1998, the population during the day might rise to nearly 200,000, from a normal census of 50,000. Retailers' interest in the village was rekindled, due to the aggressive revitalization efforts of former Mayor James Garner, who served from 1989 to 2005, and former Community Development Agency Commissioner, Glen Spiritis, who served under Garner's administration. Specifically, two large tracts of retail property have recently undergone redevelopment. The former Times Squares Stores (or TSS) property on Peninsula Boulevard and Franklin Street has been redeveloped as Hempstead Village Commons, a retail center including Pep Boys and Staples. The former Abraham & Straus department store on has recently undergone demolition and been replaced by a large retail development consisting of Home Depot, Old Navy, Stop & Shop and many other smaller establishments. A considerable infusion of state and federal funding as well as private investment have enabled the replacement of blighted storefronts, complete commercial building rehabilitations and the development of affordable housing for the local population. The replacement of the 1913 Long Island Rail Road Hempstead Terminal with a modern facility was completed in 2002, and a four-story, 112-unit building for senior housing, with retail on the ground level was completed at Main and West Columbia Streets in January 1998. Thirty two units of affordable townhouses known as Patterson Mews at Henry Street and Baldwin Road was completed and fully occupied in 1997.
In 1989, Hempstead residents elected James A. Garner as their mayor. He was the first Black or African-American mayor ever elected to office on Long Island, and he served for four consecutive terms. Subsequently, Wayne Hall, a former Village of Hempstead trustee who is also African American, served as mayor for three terms, from 2005 to 2017.
The first African-American male judge, Lance Clarke, was elected in 2001. Cynthia Diaz-Wilson was the first female justice in the Village of Hempstead and first African American village justice in the state of New York.
In recent years, there has been concern regarding ongoing gang activity in certain neighborhoods, notably the "Heights", in addition to the issue of illegal rentals (homes/apartments that are illegally-subdivided by slumlords) and racial steering. Hempstead was also one of the first Long Island communities that had to deal with the Salvadoran gang, MS-13 or "La Mara Salvatrucha". The continual intra-violence this gang has exhibited has led to the formation of their arch-rivals, "SWP" or "Salvadorans with Pride". These issues have contributed to Hempstead's high crime rate as compared to other communities in the area.
A 2019 investigation by Newsday revealed widespread racial discrimination by real estate agents on Long Island, including in Hempstead.
Government
The Hempstead Village government is currently headed by mayor Don Ryan, who defeated three-term mayor Wayne Hall in the March 2017 election. Ryan ran under the "Hempstead Unity Party", along with LaMont Johnson and Charles Renfroe, who were elected as trustees, defeating the incumbents in those positions.
Education
Public schools
The community is served by the Hempstead Union Free School District. Students attend Alverta B. Gray-Schultz Middle School and Hempstead High School for their secondary years of K-12 education.
Private schools
Sacred Heart Academy (all-girls; grades 9-12)
Higher education
Hofstra University
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.5 km2), all land. The village of Hempstead differs from the majority of Nassau County as its population density is about 15,000 people per square mile—almost four times that of its neighbor on its northern border, Garden City, close to twice the density of Uniondale, its direct neighbor to the east, and approximately twice the density of Queens County.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 53,891 people, 15,234 households, and 10,945 families residing in the village. The racial makeup of the village was 21.9% White, 44.2% Hispanic, 48.3% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 22.8% from other races, and 5.0% from two or more races.
There were 16,034 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 27.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.41 and the average family size was 3.76.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 16.3% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $45,234 and the median income for a family was $46,675. Males had a median income of $29,493 versus $27,507 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,735. About 14.4% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.7% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.
Points of interest
Hofstra University
Hofstra University Arboretum
Hempstead Bus Terminal
Nassau County African American Museum
St. George's Episcopal Church
Christ's First Presbyterian Church – First Presbyterian church established in the US
Transportation
The Rosa Parks Hempstead Transit Center is one of the largest hubs in Nassau County. It serves as the terminus of the Long Island Rail Road's Hempstead Branch, and is served by a number of Nassau Inter-County Express routes.
Notable people
Residents (native or lived) about whom an article exists, by date of birth:
Samuel L. Mitchill (1764–1831), physician, naturalist, and politic; born in Hempstead
Walt Whitman (1819–1892; resident 1836–1838), poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist
William S. Hofstra (1861–1932), entrepreneur
Christopher Morley (1890–1957; resident during the 1910s), journalist, novelist, essayist, and poet
Frank Field (b. 1923), television meteorologist
John Mackey (1941–2011), NFL player
Walter Hudson (1944–1991; life resident), 4th most obese human, Guinness World Record for the largest waist
Julius Erving (born 1950), basketball star, lived in the village of Hempstead as a child for at least two or three years from around 1953 to 1955 or 1956
Sheryl Lee Ralph (born 1956), actress and singer
Eric "Vietnam" Sadler (born 1960; native 1960-87, music producer, Public Enemy, Ice Cube, Slick Rick, Bell Biv Devoe, Vanessa Williams)
Rob Moore (born 1968; native), NFL football player
Method Man (born 1971), rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor; spent his childhood living between Hempstead and Staten Island
Trevor Tahim "Busta Rhymes" Smith, Jr. (born 1972), resident, rapper, producer, and actor
Prodigy (1974–2017; native), member of hip-hop duo Mobb Deep
Craig "Speedy" Claxton (born 1978; native), NBA basketball player
Tavorris Bell (born 1978), Harlem Globetrotter
Scott Lipsky (born 1981), tennis player
Hykiem Coney (1982–2006), anti-gang activist
A+ (born 1982; native and childhood), rapper, made albums in 1996 and 1999 during his school years
Roc Marciano (born 1978), rapper and producer
Tu Holloway (born 1989), basketball player for Maccabi Rishon LeZion in the Israeli Basketball Premier League.
See also
Suburban Technical School
References
External links
Official Village of Hempstead website
Village Code
Villages in New York (state)
New Netherland
Villages in Nassau County, New York
1643 establishments in the Dutch Empire | [
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259897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Wallace | George Wallace | George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998), was an American politician who served as the 45th governor of Alabama for four terms. A member of the Democratic Party, he is best remembered for his staunch segregationist and populist views.
During his tenure, he promoted "industrial development, low taxes, and trade schools." Wallace sought the United States presidency as a Democrat three times, and once as an American Independent Party candidate, unsuccessfully each time. Wallace opposed desegregation and supported the policies of "Jim Crow" during the Civil Rights Movement, declaring in his 1963 inaugural address that he stood for "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever".
Born in Clio, Alabama, Wallace attended the University of Alabama School of Law, and served in United States Army Air Corps during World War II. After the war, he won election to the Alabama House of Representatives, and served as a state judge. Wallace first sought the Democratic nomination in the 1958 Alabama gubernatorial election. Initially a moderate on racial issues, Wallace adopted a hard-line segregationist stance after losing the 1958 nomination. Wallace ran for governor again in 1962, and won the race. Seeking to stop the racial integration of the University of Alabama, Wallace earned national notoriety by standing in front of the entrance of the University of Alabama, blocking the path of black students. Wallace left office after one term due to term limits, but his wife, Lurleen Wallace, won the next election and succeeded him, though he was the de facto governor.
Wallace challenged sitting president Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 Democratic presidential primaries, but Johnson prevailed in the race. In the 1968 presidential election, Wallace ran a third-party campaign in an attempt to force a contingent election in the United States House of Representatives, thereby enhancing the political clout of segregationist Southern leaders. Wallace won five Southern states but failed to force a contingent election. he remains the most recent third-party candidate to receive pledged electoral college votes from any state.
Wallace won election to Governor of Alabama in 1970, and ran in the 1972 Democratic presidential primaries, once again campaigning for segregation. His campaign effectively ended when he was shot in Maryland by Arthur Bremer, and Wallace remained paralyzed below the waist for the rest of his life. Bremer was sentenced to 63 years in prison for the shooting, which was later reduced to 53 years, following an appeal; he served 35 years of the reduced sentence, and was paroled in 2007.
Wallace won re-election as governor in 1974, and he once again unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in the 1976 Democratic presidential primaries. In the late 1970s, Wallace announced that he became a born-again Christian, and moderated his views on race, renouncing his past support for segregation. Wallace left office in 1979, but re-entered politics and won election to a fourth, and final, term as governor in 1982. Wallace is the fourth longest-serving governor in US history, having served 5,848 days in office.
Early life
Wallace, the first of four children, was born in Clio in Barbour County in southeastern Alabama, to George Corley Wallace and his wife, Mozelle (Smith). He was the third of five generations to bear the name "George Wallace". Since his parents disliked the designation "Junior", he was called "George C.", to distinguish him from his father, George, and his grandfather, a physician. Wallace's father left college to pursue a life of farming when food prices were high during World War I. When his father died in 1937, his mother had to sell their farmland to pay existing mortgages. George Wallace was raised a Methodist by his parents.
From age ten, Wallace was fascinated with politics. In 1935, he won a contest to serve as a page in the Alabama Senate, and confidently predicted that he would one day be governor. Wallace became a regionally successful boxer in high school, then went directly to law school in 1937 at the University of Alabama School of Law in Tuscaloosa. He was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity. It was at the University of Alabama that he crossed paths with Frank M. Johnson Jr., who was a much more liberal politician in relation to social issues and issues of race. Wallace also knew Chauncey Sparks, who became a conservative governor. These men had an effect on his personal politics reflecting ideologies of both leaders later during his time in office. He received a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1942.
Early in 1943, Wallace was accepted for pilot training by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). Soon afterwards Wallace contracted life-threatening spinal meningitis, but prompt medical attention with sulfa drugs saved his life. Left with partial hearing loss and permanent nerve damage, he was instead trained as a flight engineer. During 1945, as a member of a B-29 crew with 468th Bombardment Group, stationed in the Mariana Islands as part of the Twentieth Air Force, Wallace took part in air raids on Japan and reached the rank of staff sergeant. In mid-1945, Wallace received an early discharge on medical grounds, due to "severe anxiety", and a 10% disability pension for "psychoneurosis". (The Twentieth Air Force was commanded by General Curtis LeMay, who was his running mate in the 1968 presidential race).
Racial attitude
Sources are mixed on Wallace's attitudes towards race, particularly African-Americans.
For instance, one source on Wallace's career as a judge reports: "every black attorney who argued a case in Wallace's ... courtroom was struck by his fairness .... But no one who knew Wallace well ever took seriously his earnest profession – uttered a thousand times after 1963 – that he was a segregationist, not a racist."
A reporter covering state politics in 1961 observed that, while other Alabama politicians conversed primarily about women and Alabama football, for Wallace "it was race – race, race, race – and every time that I was closeted alone with him, that's all we talked about."
Wallace's preoccupation with race was based on his belief that black Americans comprised a separate and inferior race. In a 1963 letter to a social studies teacher, Wallace stated they were inclined to criminality – especially "atrocious acts ... such as rape, assault and murder" – because of a high incidence of venereal disease. Desegregation, he wrote, would lead to "intermarriage ... and eventually our race will be deteriated (sic) to that of the mongrel complexity."
Early career
In 1938, at age 19, Wallace contributed to his grandfather's successful campaign for probate judge. Late in 1945, he was appointed as one of the assistant attorneys general of Alabama, and in May 1946, he won his first election as a member to the Alabama House of Representatives. At the time, he was considered a moderate on racial issues. As a delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention, he did not join the Dixiecrat walkout at the convention, despite his opposition to U.S. President Harry S. Truman's proposed civil rights program. Wallace considered it an infringement on states' rights. The Dixiecrats carried Alabama in the 1948 general election, having rallied behind Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina. In his 1963 inaugural speech as governor, Wallace excused his failure to walk out of the 1948 convention on political grounds.
In 1952, he became the Circuit Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit in Alabama. Here he became known as "the fighting little judge", a nod to his past boxing association. He gained a reputation for fairness regardless of the race of the plaintiff. It was common practice at the time for judges in the area to refer to black lawyers by their first names, while their white colleagues were addressed formally as "Mister"; Black lawyer J. L. Chestnut later said that "Judge George Wallace was the most liberal judge that I had ever practiced law in front of. He was the first judge in Alabama to call me 'Mister' in a courtroom."
On the other hand, Wallace issued injunctions to prevent the removal of segregation signs in rail terminals, becoming the first Southern judge to do so. Similarly, during efforts by civil rights organizations to expand voter registration of blacks, Wallace blocked federal efforts to review Barbour County voting lists. He was cited for criminal contempt of court in 1959.
As judge, Wallace granted probation to some blacks, which may have cost him the 1958 gubernatorial election.
Failed run for governor
In 1958, Wallace ran in the Democratic primary for governor. Since the 1901 constitution's effective disfranchisement of the state's blacks, and most poor whites as well, the Democratic Party had been virtually the only party in Alabama. For all intents and purposes, the Democratic primary was the real contest at the state level. This was a political crossroads for Wallace. State Representative George C. Hawkins of Gadsden ran, but Wallace's main opponent was state attorney general John Malcolm Patterson, who ran with the support of the Ku Klux Klan, an organization Wallace had spoken against. Wallace was endorsed by the NAACP. Wallace lost the nomination by over 34,400 votes.
After the election, aide Seymore Trammell recalled Wallace saying, "Seymore, you know why I lost that governor's race? ... I was outniggered by John Patterson. And I'll tell you here and now, I will never be outniggered again."
In the wake of his defeat, Wallace adopted a hard-line segregationist stance and used this stand to court the white vote in the next gubernatorial election in 1962. When a supporter asked why he started using racist messages, Wallace replied, "You know, I tried to talk about good roads and good schools and all these things that have been part of my career, and nobody listened. And then I began talking about niggers, and they stomped the floor."
Governor of Alabama
Segregation
In the 1962 Democratic primary, Wallace finished first, ahead of State Senator Ryan DeGraffenried Sr., and taking 35 percent of the vote. In the runoff, Wallace won the nomination with 55 percent of the vote. As no Republican filed to run, this all but assured Wallace of becoming the next governor. He won a crushing victory in the November general election, taking 96 percent of the vote. As noted above, Democratic dominance had been achieved by disenfranchising most blacks and many poor whites in the state for decades, which lasted until years after federal civil rights legislation was passed in 1964 and 1965.
Wallace took the oath of office on January 14, 1963, standing on the gold star marking the spot where, nearly 102 years earlier, Jefferson Davis was sworn in as provisional president of the Confederate States of America. In his inaugural speech, Wallace said:
This sentence had been written by Wallace's new speechwriter, Ku Klux Klan leader Asa Earl Carter.
In 1963, President John F. Kennedy's administration ordered the U.S. Army's 2nd Infantry Division from Fort Benning, Georgia to be prepared to enforce the racial integration of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. In a vain attempt to halt the enrollment of black students Vivian Malone and James Hood, Governor Wallace stood in front of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama on June 11, 1963. This became known as the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door".
In September 1963, Wallace attempted to stop four black students from enrolling in four separate elementary schools in Huntsville. After intervention by a federal court in Birmingham, the four children were allowed to enter on September 9, becoming the first to integrate a primary or secondary school in Alabama.
Wallace desperately wanted to preserve segregation. In his own words: "The President [John F. Kennedy] wants us to surrender this state to Martin Luther King and his group of pro-communists who have instituted these demonstrations."
Wallace predicted, during a Milwaukee, Wisconsin speech on September 17, 1964, that the office-holding supporters of a civil rights bill would politically "bite the dust" by 1966 and 1968.
The Encyclopædia Britannica characterized him not so much as a segregationist but more as a "populist" who pandered to the white majority of Alabama voters. It notes that his failed attempt at presidential politics created lessons that later influenced the populist candidacies of Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. Jack Newfield wrote in 1971 that Wallace "recently has been sounding like William Jennings Bryan as he attacked concentrated wealth in his speeches".
Economics and education
The principal achievement of Wallace's first term was an innovation in Alabama industrial development that several other states later copied: he was the first Southern governor to travel to corporate headquarters in northern states to offer tax abatements and other incentives to companies willing to locate plants in Alabama.
He also initiated a community college system that has now spread throughout the state, preparing many students to complete four-year degrees at Auburn University, UAB, or the University of Alabama. Wallace Community College (Dothan), is named for his father. Wallace Community College Selma (Selma), and Wallace State Community College (Hanceville) are named for him. Lurleen B. Wallace Community College in Andalusia is named for Wallace's first wife, Lurleen Burns Wallace.
The University of South Alabama, a new state university in Mobile, was chartered in 1963 during Wallace's first year in office as governor.
1964 Democratic presidential primaries
On November 15–20, 1963, in Dallas, Wallace announced his intention to oppose the incumbent president, John F. Kennedy, for the 1964 Democratic presidential nomination. Days later, also in Dallas, Kennedy was assassinated, and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded him as president.
Building upon his notoriety after the University of Alabama controversy, Wallace entered the Democratic primaries in 1964 on the advice of a public relations expert from Wisconsin. Wallace campaigned strongly by expressing his opposition to integration and a tough approach on crime. In Democratic primaries in Wisconsin, Indiana, and Maryland, Wallace garnered at least a third of the vote running against three Johnson-designated surrogates.
Wallace was known for stirring crowds with his oratory. The Huntsville Times interviewed Bill Jones, Wallace's first press secretary, who recounted "a particularly fiery speech in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1964 that scared even Wallace, [where he] angrily shouted to a crowd of 1,000 people that 'little pinkos' were 'running around outside' protesting his visit, and continued, after thunderous applause, saying, 'When you and I start marching and demonstrating and carrying signs, we will close every highway in the country.' The audience leaped to its feet and headed for the exit", Jones said, "It shook Wallace. He quickly moved to calm them down."
At graduation exercises in the spring of 1964 at Bob Jones University in Greenville, South Carolina, Wallace received an honorary doctorate. At the commencement, Bob Jones Jr., read the following citation as a tribute to Wallace:
1964 unpledged elector slate
In 1964, Alabama Republicans stood to benefit from the unintended consequences of two developments: (1) Governor Wallace vacating the race for the Democratic presidential nomination against President Johnson, and (2) the designation of unpledged Democratic electors in Alabama, in effect removing President Johnson from the general election ballot. Prior to the 1964 Republican National Convention in San Francisco, Wallace and his aides Bill Jones and Seymore Trammell met in the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery with Alabama Republican leader James D. Martin, who had narrowly lost the U.S. Senate election in 1962 to J. Lister Hill. Wallace and his aides sought to determine if Barry M. Goldwater, the forthcoming Republican presidential nominee who as a senator from Arizona had voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on libertarian and constitutional grounds, would advocate repeal of the law, particularly the public accommodations and equal employment sections. Bill Jones indicated that Wallace agreed with Goldwater's anti-communist stance but opposed the Republican's proposal to make Social Security a voluntary program. Jones stressed that Wallace had sacrificed his own presidential aspirations that year to allow a direct Republican challenge to President Johnson. It was later disclosed that Wallace proposed at the meeting with Martin to switch parties if he could be named as Goldwater's running-mate, a designation later given to U.S. Representative William E. Miller of New York. Goldwater reportedly rejected the overture because he considered Wallace to be a racist.
The unpledged electors in Alabama included the future U.S. senator, James Allen, then the lieutenant governor, and the subsequent Governor Albert Brewer, then the state House Speaker. National Democrats balked over Johnson's exclusion from the ballot, but most supported the unpledged slate, which competed directly with the Republican electors. As The Tuscaloosa News explained, loyalist electors would have offered a clearer choice to voters than did the unpledged slate.
The 1964 Republican electors were the first since Reconstruction to prevail in Alabama. The Goldwater-Miller slate received 479,085 votes (69.5 percent) to the unpledged electors' 209,848 (30.5 percent). The Republican tide also brought to victory five Republican members of the United States House of Representatives, including William Louis Dickinson, who held the Montgomery-based district seat until 1993, and James D. Martin, the Gadsden oil products dealer who defeated then State Senator George C. Hawkins for the U.S. House seat formerly held by Carl Elliott. Hardly yet sworn into the U.S. House, Martin already had his eyes on Wallace's own position as governor.
First Gentleman of Alabama
Term limits in the Alabama Constitution prevented Wallace from seeking a second term in 1966. Therefore, Wallace offered his wife, Lurleen Wallace, as a surrogate candidate for governor. In the Democratic primary, she defeated two former governors, Jim Folsom and John M. Patterson, Attorney General Richmond Flowers Sr., and former U.S. Representative Carl Elliott. Largely through the work of Wallace's supporters, the Alabama restriction on gubernatorial succession was later modified to allow two consecutive terms.
Wallace defended his wife's proxy candidacy. He felt somewhat vindicated when Republicans in Idaho denied renomination in 1966 to Governor Robert E. Smylie, author of the article entitled "Why I Feel Sorry for Lurleen Wallace". In his memoirs, Wallace recounts his wife's ability to "charm crowds" and cast off invective: "I was immensely proud of her, and it didn't hurt a bit to take a back seat to her in vote-getting ability." Wallace rebuffed critics who claimed that he had "dragooned" his wife into the race. "She loved every minute of being governor the same way ... that Mrs. (Margaret) Smith loves being senator."
During the 1966 campaign, George Wallace signed state legislation to nullify desegregation guidelines between Alabama cities and counties and the former United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Wallace claimed that the law would thwart the national government from intervening in schools. Critics denounced Wallace's "political trickery" and expressed alarm at the potential forfeiture of federal funds. Republican gubernatorial candidate James D. Martin accused the Democrats of "playing politics with your children" and "neglecting academic excellence".
Martin also opposed the desegregation guidelines and had sponsored a U.S. House amendment to forbid the placement of students and teachers on the basis of racial quotas. He predicted that Wallace's legislation would propel the issuance of a court order compelling immediate and total desegregation in all public schools. He also compared the new Alabama law to "another two-and-a-half minute stand in the schoolhouse door".
Lurleen Wallace defeated Martin in the general election on November 8, 1966. She was inaugurated in January 1967, but on May 7, 1968, she died in office of cancer at the age of 41, amid her husband's ongoing second presidential campaign. On her death, she was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Albert Brewer, who had run without Republican opposition amid the Wallace–Martin race. George Wallace's influence in state government thus subsided until his next bid for election in his own right in 1970. He was "first gentleman" for less than a year and a half.
1968 third-party presidential run
Planning for Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign began with a strategy session on the evening of the March 1967 inauguration of Lurleen Wallace. The meeting featured prominent white supremacists and anti-Semites, including: Asa Carter; William Simmons of the White Citizens' Council; Dallas County Sheriff Jim Clark; former Mississippi Gov. Ross Barnett; Leander Perez, a fervent Louisiana segregationist and anti-Semite; Kent Courtney, a John Bircher; and "a representative sent by Willis Carto, head of the Liberty Lobby and publisher of the anti-Semitic magazine American Mercury."
Wallace ran for president in the 1968 election as the American Independent Party candidate, with Curtis LeMay as his candidate for vice president. Wallace hoped to force the House of Representatives to decide the election with one vote per state if he could obtain sufficient electoral votes to make him a power broker. Wallace hoped that southern states could use their clout to end federal efforts at desegregation. His platform contained generous increases for beneficiaries of Social Security and Medicare. Wallace's foreign policy positions set him apart from the other candidates in the field. "If the Vietnam War was not winnable within 90 days of his taking office, Wallace pledged an immediate withdrawal of U.S. troops ... Wallace described foreign aid as money 'poured down a rat hole' and demanded that European and Asian allies pay more for their defense."
Richard Nixon feared that Wallace might split the conservative vote and allow the Democratic nominee, Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, to prevail. Some Democrats feared Wallace's appeal to organized blue-collar workers would damage Humphrey in northern states such as Ohio, New Jersey, and Michigan. Wallace ran a "law and order" campaign similar to Nixon's, further worrying Republicans.
In Wallace's 1998 obituary, The Huntsville Times political editor John Anderson summarized the impact from the 1968 campaign: "His startling appeal to millions of alienated white voters was not lost on Richard Nixon and other Republican strategists. First Nixon, then Ronald Reagan, and finally George Herbert Walker Bush successfully adopted toned-down versions of Wallace's anti-busing, anti-federal government platform to pry low- and middle-income whites from the Democratic New Deal coalition." Dan Carter, a professor of history at Emory University in Atlanta, added: "George Wallace laid the foundation for the dominance of the Republican Party in American society through the manipulation of racial and social issues in the 1960s and 1970s. He was the master teacher, and Richard Nixon and the Republican leadership that followed were his students."
Wallace considered Happy Chandler, the former baseball commissioner, two-term former governor of Kentucky and former Senator from Kentucky, as his running mate in his 1968 campaign as a third-party candidate; as one of Wallace's aides put it, "We have all the nuts in the country; we could get some decent people–-you working one side of the street and he working the other side." Wallace invited Chandler, but when the press published the prospect, Wallace's supporters objected: Chandler had supported the hiring of Jackie Robinson by the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Wallace retracted the invitation, and (after considering Kentucky Fried Chicken founder Colonel Harland Sanders) chose former Air Force General Curtis LeMay of California. LeMay was considered instrumental in the establishment in 1947 of the United States Air Force and an expert in military affairs. His four-star military rank, experience at Strategic Air Command and presence advising President Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis were considered foreign-policy assets to the Wallace campaign. By 1968, LeMay had retired and was serving as chairman of the board of an electronics company, but the company threatened to dismiss him if he took a leave of absence to run for vice president. To keep LeMay on the ticket, Wallace backer and Texas oil tycoon H. L. Hunt set up a million-dollar fund to reimburse LeMay for any income lost in the campaign. Campaign aides tried to persuade LeMay to avoid questions relating to nuclear weapons, but when asked if he thought their use was necessary to win the Vietnam War, he first said that America could win in Vietnam without them. However, he alarmed the audience by further commenting, "we [Americans] have a phobia about nuclear weapons. I think there may be times when it would be most efficient to use nuclear weapons." The "politically tone-deaf" LeMay became a drag on Wallace's candidacy for the remainder of the campaign.
In 1968, Wallace pledged that "If some anarchist lies down in front of my automobile, it will be the last automobile he will ever lie down in front of" and asserted that the only four letter words which hippies did not know were "w-o-r-k" and "s-o-a-p." Responding to criticism of the former comment, Wallace later elaborated that he meant such a protester would be punished under the law, not run over. This type of rhetoric became famous. He accused Humphrey and Nixon of wanting to radically desegregate the South. Wallace said, "There's not a dime's worth of difference between the Republicans and Democrats", a campaign slogan that he had first perfected when Lurleen Wallace defeated James D. Martin.
Major media outlets observed the support Wallace received from extremist groups such as White Citizens' Councils. It has been noted that members of such groups had permeated the Wallace campaign by 1968 and, while Wallace did not openly seek their support, nor did he refuse it. Indeed, at least one case has been documented of the pro-Nazi and white supremacist Liberty Lobby distributing a pro-Wallace pamphlet entitled "Stand up for America" despite the campaign's denial of such a connection. Unlike Strom Thurmond in 1948, Wallace generally avoided race-related discussions. He mostly criticized hippies and "pointy-headed intellectuals". He denied he was racist, saying once, "I've never made a racist speech in my life."
While Wallace carried five Southern states, won almost ten million popular votes and 46 electoral votes, Nixon received 301 electoral votes, more than required to win the election. Wallace remains the last non-Democratic, non-Republican candidate to win any pledged electoral votes. Wallace also received the vote of one North Carolina elector who had been pledged to Nixon.
Many found Wallace an entertaining campaigner. To "hippies" who called him a fascist, he replied, "I was killing fascists when you punks were in diapers." Another notable quip: "They're building a bridge over the Potomac for all the white liberals fleeing to Virginia."
Wallace decried the United States Supreme Court's binding opinion in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, which ordered immediate desegregation of Southern schools – he said the new Burger court was "no better than the Warren court" and called the justices "limousine hypocrites".
Second term as governor
In 1970, Wallace sought the Democratic nomination against incumbent Governor Albert Brewer, who was the first gubernatorial candidate since Reconstruction to seek African-American voter support. Although in the 1966 gubernatorial election then state Attorney General Richmond Flowers championed civil rights for all and with the support of most of Alabama Black voters finished second in the Democratic primary. Brewer unveiled a progressive platform and worked to build an alliance between blacks and the white working class. Of Wallace's out-of-state trips, Brewer said, "Alabama needs a full-time governor!"
In the primary, Brewer received the most votes but failed to win a majority, which triggered a runoff election.
In what later U.S. President Jimmy Carter called "one of the most racist campaigns in modern southern political history", Wallace aired television advertising with slogans such as "Do you want the black bloc electing your governor?" and circulated an ad showing a white girl surrounded by seven black boys, with the slogan "Wake Up Alabama! Blacks vow to take over Alabama."
Wallace slurred Brewer, whom he called "Sissy Britches", and his family. In the runoff, Wallace narrowly won the Democratic nomination and won the general election in a landslide.
Though Wallace had promised not to run for president a third time, the day after the election, he flew to Wisconsin to campaign for the upcoming 1972 United States presidential election. Wallace, whose presidential ambitions would have been destroyed by a defeat for governor, has been said to have run "one of the nastiest campaigns in state history", using racist rhetoric while proposing few new ideas.
1972 Democratic presidential primaries and assassination attempt
On January 13, 1972, Wallace declared himself a Democratic candidate. The field included Senator George McGovern, 1968 nominee and former U.S. vice president Hubert Humphrey, and nine other Democratic opponents, including John V. Lindsay, the liberal mayor of New York City, who had switched from Republican affiliation to enter the Democratic presidential primaries.
Wallace announced that he no longer supported segregation and had always been a "moderate" on racial matters. This position was an echo of Nixon, who in 1969 had instituted the first affirmative action program, the Philadelphia Plan that established goals and timetables. However, Wallace (similarly to Nixon) expressed continued opposition to desegregation busing.
For the next four months, Wallace's campaign proceeded well. In Florida's primary, Wallace carried every county to win 42 percent of the vote.
On May 15, 1972, he was shot five times by Arthur Bremer while campaigning at the Laurel Shopping Center in Laurel, Maryland, at a time when he was receiving high ratings in national opinion polls. Bremer was seen at a Wallace rally in Wheaton, Maryland, earlier that day and two days earlier at a rally in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Wallace was hit in the abdomen and chest, and one of the bullets lodged in Wallace's spinal column, leaving him paralyzed from the waist down for the rest of his life. A five-hour operation was needed that evening, and Wallace had to receive several units of blood in order to survive. Three others who were wounded in the shooting also survived. The shooting and Wallace's subsequent injuries put an effective end to his bid for the Democratic Presidential nomination. The assassination attempt was caught on film.
Bremer's diary, An Assassin's Diary, published after his arrest, shows he was motivated in the assassination attempt by a desire for fame, not by political ideology. He had considered President Nixon an earlier target. He was convicted at trial. On August 4, 1972, Bremer was sentenced to 63 years in prison, later reduced to 53 years. Bremer served 35 years and was released on parole on November 9, 2007.
CBS News correspondent David Dick won an Emmy Award for his coverage of the attempt on Wallace's life.
Following the assassination attempt, Wallace was visited at the hospital by Democratic Congresswoman and presidential primary rival Shirley Chisholm, a representative from Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. At the time, she was the nation's only African-American female member of Congress. Despite their ideological differences and the opposition of Chisholm's constituents, Chisholm felt visiting Wallace was the humane thing to do. Other people to visit Wallace in hospital were President Nixon, Vice President Spiro Agnew, and presidential primary rivals Hubert Humphrey, George McGovern, and Ted Kennedy. He also received telegrams from former President Lyndon Johnson, California governor Ronald Reagan and Pope Paul VI.
After the shooting, Wallace won primaries in Maryland and Michigan, but his near assassination effectively ended his campaign. From his wheelchair, Wallace spoke on July 11, 1972, at the Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida.
Since Wallace was out of Alabama for more than 20 days while he was recovering in Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland, the state constitution required Lieutenant Governor Jere Beasley to serve as acting governor from June 5 until Wallace's return to Alabama on July 7. Wallace resumed his gubernatorial duties and easily won the 1974 primary and general election, when he defeated Republican State Senator Elvin McCary, a real estate developer from Anniston, who received less than 15 percent of the ballots cast.
In 1992, when asked to comment on the 20th anniversary of his attempted assassination, Wallace replied, "I've had 20 years of pain."
1976 Democratic presidential primaries
In November 1975, Wallace announced his fourth bid for the presidency, again participating in the Democratic presidential primaries. Wallace's campaign was plagued by voter concern about his health as well as the media use of images that portrayed him as nearly helpless. His supporters complained that such coverage was motivated by bias, citing the discretion used in coverage of Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralysis, before television became commercially available. In the southern primaries and caucuses, Wallace carried only Mississippi, South Carolina and his home state of Alabama. If the popular vote in all primaries and caucuses were combined, Wallace would have placed third behind former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter and California governor Jerry Brown. After the primaries were completed, and he had lost several Southern primaries to Carter, Wallace left the race in June 1976. He eventually endorsed Carter, who defeated Republican incumbent Gerald Ford. Wallace later said that he had facilitated a fellow southerner's nomination. No position advocated by Wallace was included in the 1976 Democratic platform.
Final term as governor
In the late 1970s, Wallace announced that he was a born-again Christian and apologized to black civil rights leaders for his past actions as a segregationist. He said that while he had once sought power and glory, he realized he needed to seek love and forgiveness. In 1979, Wallace said of his stand in the schoolhouse door: "I was wrong. Those days are over, and they ought to be over." He publicly asked for forgiveness from black Americans.
In the 1982 Alabama gubernatorial Democratic primary, Wallace's main opponents were Lieutenant Governor George McMillan and Alabama House Speaker Joe McCorquodale. In the primary, McCorquodale was eliminated, and the vote went to a runoff, with Wallace holding a slight edge over McMillan. Wallace won the Democratic nomination by a margin of 51 to 49 percent. In the general election, his opponent was Montgomery Republican Mayor Emory Folmar. Polling experts at first thought the 1982 election was the best chance since Reconstruction for a Republican to be elected as governor of Alabama. Ultimately, though, it was Wallace, not Folmar, who claimed victory.
During Wallace's final term as governor (1983–1987) he appointed a record number of Black Americans to state positions, including, for the first time, two as members in the same cabinet.
On April 2, 1986, Wallace announced at a press conference in Montgomery that he would not run for a fifth term as Governor of Alabama, and would retire from public life after leaving the governor's mansion in January 1987. Wallace achieved four gubernatorial terms across three decades, totaling 16 years in office.
Marriages and children
Wallace married Lurleen Brigham Burns on May 22, 1943. The couple had four children together: Bobbi Jo (1944) Parsons, Peggy Sue (1950) Kennedy, George III, known as George Junior (1951), and Janie Lee (1961) Dye, who was named after Robert E. Lee. Lurleen Wallace was the first woman to be elected governor of Alabama, which she did as a stand-in for her husband, who was barred from serving another term. In 1961, in keeping with the practice of many at the time to shield patients from discussion of cancer, which was greatly feared, Wallace had withheld information from her that a uterine biopsy had found possibly precancerous cells. After Lurleen's death in 1968, the couple's younger children, aged 18, 16, and 6, were sent to live with family members and friends for care (their eldest daughter had already married and left home).
Their son, commonly called George Wallace Jr., is a Democrat-turned-Republican formerly active in Alabama politics. He was twice elected state treasurer as a Democrat, and twice elected to the Alabama Public Service Commission. He lost a race in 2006 for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor. In 2010, Wallace Jr. failed by a wide margin to win the Republican nod to regain his former position as state treasurer.
On January 4, 1971, Wallace wed the former Cornelia Ellis Snively (1939–2009), a niece of former Alabama governor Jim Folsom, known as "Big Jim". "C'nelia" had been a performer and was nicknamed "the Jackie Kennedy of the rednecks." The couple had a bitter divorce in 1978. A few months after that divorce, Cornelia told Parade magazine, "I don't believe George needs a family. He just needs an audience. The family as audience wasn't enough for his ego." Snively died at the age of 69 on January 8, 2009.
On September 9, 1981, Wallace married Lisa Taylor, a country music singer; they divorced in 1987.
Peggy was twelve years old when her father ran successfully for governor. She has shared that she was not treated nicely out in public due to her father's segregationist views. Some people would not shake her hand because of her last name. She would go to school wanting to befriend the black students, but she assumed they would not like her because of what her father had done.
Final years and death
In a 1995 interview, Wallace said that he planned to vote for Republican Bob Dole in the 1996 presidential election, commenting, "He's a good man. His wife is a born-again Christian woman and I believe he is, too." He also revealed that he had voted for George H. W. Bush, another Republican, in 1992. His son, George Wallace Jr., officially switched from Democrat to Republican that same year. Wallace himself declined to identify as either a Republican or a Democrat. But he added, "The state is slowly going Republican because of Clinton being so liberal."
In his later years, Wallace suffered from deafness and Parkinson's disease.
At a restaurant a few blocks from the State Capitol, Wallace became something of a fixture. In constant pain, he was surrounded by an entourage of old friends and visiting well-wishers and continued this ritual until a few weeks before his death. Wallace died of septic shock from a bacterial infection in Jackson Hospital in Montgomery on September 13, 1998. He suffered from respiratory problems in addition to complications from his gunshot spinal injury. His grave is located at Greenwood Cemetery, in Montgomery.
Legacy and honors
With four failed runs for president, Wallace was unsuccessful in national politics. However, his impact on American politics was enormous and earned him the appellation "the most influential loser" in 20th century American politics, according to biographers Dan T. Carter and Stephan Lesher. The George Wallace Tunnel on Interstate 10 is named in his honor.
Wallace was the subject of a documentary, George Wallace: Settin' the Woods on Fire (2000), shown by PBS on The American Experience. It was funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Over 50 songs have been released about or making reference to George Wallace. The TNT cable network produced a movie, George Wallace (1997), directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Gary Sinise. Sinise received an Emmy Award for his performance during a ceremony held the day Wallace died. In the 2014 film Selma, which was set during the Civil Rights Movement, which then-Governor Wallace publicly opposed, Wallace was portrayed by actor Tim Roth.
Three community colleges in Alabama are named for Wallace: Wallace Community College, Wallace Community College Selma, and Wallace State Community College. Lurleen B. Wallace Community College is named for his wife. In 2020, amidst a change in public opinion, many Alabama universities were pushed to rename campus buildings that were originally named after Wallace. This included, but was not limited to, the University of Montevallo and Auburn University. The University of Montevallo has been unsuccessful in renaming the George C. Wallace Speech and Hearing Center because the building was named via Act 110 by the Alabama Legislature in 1975.
See also
Electoral history of George Wallace
Southern Democrats
Footnotes
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Frady, Marshall. Wallace. In series, Meridian Books. New York: World Publishing Co., 1970, cop. 1968.
External links
Governor Wallace's Schoolhouse Door speech archived at The University of Alabama
George Wallace article at the Encyclopedia of Alabama
George Wallace – Daily Telegraph obituary
Oral History Interview with George Wallace from Oral Histories of the American South
Caught on Tape: The White House Reaction to the Shooting of Alabama Governor and Democratic Presidential Candidate George Wallace from History's News Network: http://hnn.us/articles/45104.html
George Wallace: Settin' the Woods on Fire PBS American Experience documentary, including complete transcript, teacher tools and links
1963 gubernatorial inauguration address
Cornelia Wallace's Obituary on Decatur Daily
Political Graveyard
"George Wallace, Presidential Contender" from C-SPAN's The Contenders
Speech by George Wallace given on March 16, 1970. Audio recording from The University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues
Footage of campaign speech given by George Wallace on May 1, 1964 at Ball State Teachers College in Muncie, Indiana
Alabama Needs "The Little Judge" – 1960/1961 Pro-Segregation Comic Book commissioned directly by George Wallace during his campaign for Governor of Alabama.
Meeting Elvis Presley with his family backstage before Elvis' concert at the Garrett Coliseum in Montgomery, AL on March 6, 1974. http://www.elvis-collectors.com/candid-central/wallace74.html
Testimony from Hosea Williams, John Lewis, and Amelia Boynton et al. v. Honorable George C. Wallace, Governor of Alabama et al. from the National Archives and Records Administration
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Right-wing populism in the United States | [
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259898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempstead%2C%20New%20York | Hempstead, New York | The Town of Hempstead is one of the three towns in Nassau County in the U.S. state of New York. It occupies the southwestern part of the county, on the western half of Long Island. Twenty-two incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town. The town's combined population was 759,757 at the 2010 census, which is the majority of the population of the county and by far the largest of any town in New York. In 2019, its combined population increased to an estimated 759,793 according to the American Community Survey.
If Hempstead were to be incorporated as a city, it would be the second-largest city in New York, behind New York City; it is more than three times the size of Buffalo, which has long been the state's second-largest city. It would be the 18th-largest city in the country, behind San Francisco, California and ahead of Seattle, Washington. Hempstead is thus the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside New York City.
Hofstra University's main campus is located in Hempstead.
History
The town was first settled around 1644 following the establishment of a treaty between English colonists, John Carman and Robert Fordham, and the Lenape Indians in 1643. Although the settlers were from the English colony of Connecticut, a patent was issued by the government of New Netherland after the settlers had purchased land from the local natives. This transaction is depicted in a mural in the Hempstead Village Hall, reproduced from a poster commemorating the 300th anniversary of Hempstead Village.
In local Dutch-language documents of the 1640s and later, the town was invariably called Heemstede, and several of Hempstead's original 50 patentees were Dutch, suggesting that Hempstead was named after the Dutch town and/or castle Heemstede, which are near the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam. However, the authorities possibly had Dutchified a name given by co-founder John Carman, who was born in 1606 in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England, on land owned by his ancestors since the 13th century.
In 1664, the settlement under the new Province of New York adopted the Duke's Laws, austere statutes that became the basis upon which the laws of many colonies were to be founded. For a time, Hempstead became known as "Old Blue", as a result of the "Blue Laws".
During the American Revolution, the Loyalists in the south and the American sympathizers in the north caused a split in 1784 into "North Hempstead" and "South Hempstead". With the 1898 incorporation of the Borough of Queens as part of the city of New York, and the 1899 split of Queens County to create Nassau County, some southwestern portions of the Town of Hempstead seceded from the town and became part of the Borough of Queens.
Richard Hewlett, who was born in Hempstead, served as a Lieutenant Colonel with the British Army under General Oliver De Lancey in the American Revolution. Afterward, Hewlett departed the United States with other Loyalists and settled in the newly created Province of New Brunswick in what later became Canada. A settlement there was named Hampstead, in Queen's County next to Long Island in the Saint John River.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 191.3 square miles (495.5 km2), of which 120.0 square miles (310.7 km2) is land and 71.4 square miles (184.8 km2) (37.30%) is water.
The western town line is the border of Queens County in New York City. Its northern border, with the town of North Hempstead and the town of Oyster Bay, is along the main line of the Long Island Rail Road and along Old Country Road in Garden City heading east towards the Wantagh Parkway. Its eastern border, also with the town of Oyster Bay, runs parallel to (and several hundred feet west of) Route 107. To the south is the Atlantic Ocean, off of Atlantic Beach, Lido Beach, Point Lookout, and Jones Beach, as well as the city of Long Beach.
The most popular beach on the east coast of the United States, Jones Beach State Park, is located in Hempstead. The beach is a popular destination for Long Islanders and residents of New York. The beach itself receives approximately six million visitors per year.
Communities
The town of Hempstead contains 22 villages and 38 hamlets:
Villages
Atlantic Beach
Bellerose
Cedarhurst
East Rockaway
Floral Park (small part in North Hempstead)
Freeport
Garden City (small part in North Hempstead)
Hempstead (village)
Hewlett Bay Park
Hewlett Harbor
Hewlett Neck
Island Park
Lawrence
Lynbrook
Malverne
Mineola (almost all in North Hempstead)
New Hyde Park (part; with North Hempstead)
Rockville Centre
South Floral Park
Stewart Manor
Valley Stream
Woodsburgh
Hamlets
Baldwin
Baldwin Harbor
Barnum Island
Bay Park
Bellerose Terrace
Bellmore
Bethpage (almost all in Oyster Bay)
East Atlantic Beach
East Garden City
East Meadow
Elmont
Franklin Square
Garden City South
Harbor Isle
Hewlett
Inwood
Lakeview
Levittown
Lido Beach
Malverne Park Oaks
Merrick
Munson
North Bellmore
North Lynbrook
North Merrick
North Valley Stream
North Wantagh
North Woodmere
Oceanside
Point Lookout
Roosevelt
Salisbury (South Westbury)
Seaford
South Hempstead
South Valley Stream
Uniondale
Wantagh
West Hempstead
Woodmere
In addition, there are a few areas that are not part of any incorporated village or census-designated place:
Jones Beach Island and nearby uninhabited islands in South Oyster Bay
A small area between Lynbrook and Rockville Centre that contains only Rockville Cemetery
Demographics
The 2019 American Community Survey determined the population of the town of Hempstead was 759,793. The racial and ethnic makeup of the town was 54.0% non-Hispanic white, 17.4% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 6.2% Asian, 3.7% multiracial, and 20.9% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.
Of the population, there were 244,203 households and there was an owner-occupied housing rate of 80.8%. The average household size was 3.10 and the population was made of 22.7% foreign-born residents. In 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $455,700 and the median gross rent of rented units at $1,678. Residents of the town had a combined median household income of $111,072 and per capita of $44,958. Of the population in 2019, 6.0% lived at or below the poverty line.
As of the census of 2010, there were 759,757 people, 246,828 households, and 193,513 families residing in the town. The population density was 6,301.3 inhabitants per square mile (2,433.0/km2). There were 252,286 housing units at an average density of 2,103.0 per square mile (812.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 59.9% White, 16.5% Black, 0.3% Native American, 5.2% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 4.5% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latin Americans of any race were 17.4% of the population.
There were 246,828 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.41.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.
According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $84,362, and the median income for a family was $96,080. Males had a median income of $50,818 versus $36,334 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,153. About 4.0% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Lufthansa United States, other including Lufthansa Group airlines, had its headquarters in East Meadow, beginning in the 1970s, after it moved from Park Avenue in Manhattan, in order to save money. In 2019, the office had 206 employees; that year the headquarters moved to Uniondale.
At one time Swiss International Air Lines operated its United States office at 776 RexCorp Plaza in the EAB Plaza in Uniondale. The airline moved from 41 Pinelawn Road in Melville, Suffolk County around 2002.
Snapple was previously headquartered in East Meadow, prior to moving their corporate office. The office space is now currently occupied by the Epilepsy Foundation of Long Island.
Government and politics
The town is headed by Donald X. Clavin, Jr. (R) of Garden City. The responsibilities of the office include presiding over meetings of the Town Council and directing the legislative and administrative function of that body. The position also entails creating and implementing the town's budget. One famous former supervisor was Republican Alfonse D'Amato, who later represented New York in the United States Senate from 1981 to 1999.
Prior to 1994, the town also had a Presiding Supervisor, who along with the Supervisor, sat on what was then Nassau County's main governmental body, the Board of Supervisors, along with the Supervisors of the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay and the independent cities of Long Beach—formerly a part of Hempstead Town until its incorporation as a separate municipality in 1922—and Glen Cove, which had been carved out of Oyster Bay Town in 1917. Typically, the Presiding Supervisor, besides chairing the weekly county Board of Supervisors meetings, acted as the senior official in the town government with the Supervisor in a more junior, subordinate role; a number of Supervisors moved up to Presiding Supervisor whenever that office became vacant, including, in succession during the 1970s, Ralph G. Caso and Francis T. Purcell, both of whom later went on to become the county executive, and then Al D'Amato, before he moved up to the Senate. Having the Presiding Supervisor on the county board along with the Supervisor gave Hempstead—by far the most populous of the county's three towns and two cities—the most clout on that body. However, in 1993–94, a federal judge ruled that the board's makeup violated the one-person, one-vote constitutional principle and also gave no representation to the country's growing minority population. As a result of that ruling, the Board of Supervisors was replaced by a 19-member county legislature. Gregory P. Peterson served as the last Presiding Supervisor, as the position was abolished with the demise of the county board.
The Current Tax Collector is Jeanine Driscoll.
The Town Council comprises six voting members, elected from a councilmanic district. Their primary function is to adopt the annual budget, adopting and amending the town code and the building zone ordinances, adopting all traffic regulations, and hearing applications for changes of zone and special exceptions to zoning codes.
As of 2020, the council members are:
Dorothy L. Goosby (D-Hempstead Village)
Thomas E. Muscarella (R-Garden City)
Bruce A. Blakeman (R-Atlantic Beach)
Anthony P. D'Esposito (R-Island Park)
Chris Carini
Dennis Dunne, Sr. (R-Levittown)
Other elected officials in the town include the clerk and the receiver of taxes. The clerk is responsible for issuing birth, marriage, and death certificates and is considered the town's record keeper. The clerk is currently Kate Murray (R). The Receiver of Taxes is Jeanine C. Driscoll (R). The Town of Hempstead formerly elected the offices of Constable, Overseer of the Poor, Town Assessor, Town Treasurer, Town Auditors, Superintendent of Highways, Overseer of the Public Cemetery, and Justices of the Peace. Most of these functions have been included in other governments or made non-elected.
State and federal representation
Hempstead is part of New York's 2nd, 4th and 5th Congressional Districts. District 2, represented by Andrew Garbarino (R-Sayville), is the southern and eastern portions of the town, while District 4, formerly represented for nine terms by Carolyn McCarthy (D-Mineola) and since the beginning of 2015 by Kathleen Rice (D-Garden City), covers the northern and western portions of the town. Gregory Meeks represents District 5 which includes minority majority areas in the western portion of the Town like Elmont and North Valley Stream.
Hempstead is in parts of New York's 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Senatorial Districts. They are currently represented by Kevin Thomas (D), Anna Kaplan (D), John Brooks (D), and Todd Kaminsky (D), respectively.
Nine assembly districts are either within or partly within the town. They are Districts 12, 14–15, and 17–22. The assembly members are Joseph Saladino (R), Brian F. Curran (R), Michael Montesano (R), Thomas McKevitt (R), Earlene Hill Hooper (D), David G. McDonough (R), Melissa "Missy" Miller;(R), Edward Ra (R), and Michaelle Solages (D), respectively.
County legislators
Hempstead has 12 county legislative districts either within or in part of the town. They are districts 1–8, 13–15, and 19. The legislators who represent those districts are:
Kevan Abrahams
Siela Bynoe
Carrie Solages
Denise Ford
Debra Mule
C. William Gaylor, III
Howard Kopel
Vincent Muscarella
Thomas McKevitt
Laura Schaefer
John Ferretti, Jr.
Steven D. Rhoads
Sister city
On September 12, 2016, the Town of Hempstead signed a Declaration of Cooperation with the Shomron Regional Council in the Israeli-controlled West Bank. This council represents 35 Israeli settlements in that region. Signing the pact was its proponent Councilmen Bruce Blakeman and Anthony D'Esposito and Supervisor Santino and Shomron leader Yossi Dagan.
Politics
Though the town government is still controlled by the Republicans (and has been for almost the entire history of the party), town voters in recent years leaned Democratic in elections on the state and federal level. In presidential elections since 1996, the Democrat has won in Hempstead (Bill Clinton received 56% in 1996, Al Gore received 58% in 2000 and John Kerry got 53% in 2004). Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer won Hempstead by a large margin in 2004, and Democratic County Executive Thomas Suozzi won in 2001 and 2005. Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton won 49 percent of voters in 2016, while President Donald Trump won 42 percent of voters. In 2021 Bruce Blakeman a Republican Town Councilman was elected Nassau County Executive in a stunning defeat of Democrat incumbent Laura Curran.
Transportation
Railroad lines
The Long Island Rail Road's Main Line runs through the northwestern part of the town with stations from Bellerose through Merillon Avenue in Garden City. The Hempstead Branch breaks away from the Main Line in Floral Park, and uses stations from Bellerose into Hempstead. The West Hempstead Branch runs from Valley Stream northeast to West Hempstead. Further south in the town, the Babylon Branch runs from the New York City Line into southern portions of the Town of Oyster Bay with stations between Valley Stream and Seaford. Also the Far Rockaway Branch branches off from Valley Stream and curves to the southwest from that station through Inwood before finally re-entering the city in the Rockaways. Just east of there, the Long Beach Branch breaks away at Lynbrook and runs southeast into Long Beach.
Bus service
The Town of Hempstead is served primarily by Nassau Inter-County Express bus routes, though some MTA Bus Routes enter Nassau County from Queens. The City of Long Beach also has a separate bus service.
Major roads
Meadowbrook State Parkway
Wantagh State Parkway
Southern State Parkway
Bay Parkway
Loop Parkway
Ocean Parkway
New York State Route 25
Glen Cove Road
Peninsula Boulevard
New York State Route 24
New York State Route 27
Merrick Road
New York State Route 102
New York State Route 105
New York State Route 106
New York State Route 107
New York State Route 135
New York State Route 878
State parks
Hempstead Lake State Park
Valley Stream State Park
Jones Beach State Park
References
External links
Town of Hempstead official website
Town of Hempstead history
Towns in Nassau County, New York
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in the New York metropolitan area
Towns on Long Island
1644 establishments in the Dutch Empire | [
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259900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster%20Bay%2C%20New%20York%20%28disambiguation%29 | Oyster Bay, New York (disambiguation) | Oyster Bay, New York can refer to:
Oyster Bay (town), New York
Oyster Bay (hamlet), New York
Oyster Bay (inlet), also Oyster Bay Harbor, an inlet on the north shore of Long Island, New York
South Oyster Bay, a lagoon off the southern shore of Long Island, New York
Massapequa, New York, which was called South Oyster Bay until late in the 19th century
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259901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%20Bei | Liu Bei | Liu Bei (, ; ; 161 – Summer 223), courtesy name Xuande (), was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler. Though he was a distant relative of the Han imperial family, Liu Bei's father died when he was a child and left his family impoverished. To help his mother, he sold shoes and straw mats. When he reached the age of fifteen, his mother sent him to study under scholar and official, Lu Zhi. In his youth, Liu Bei was known as ambitious and charismatic. He gathered a militia army to fight the Yellow Turbans. Liu Bei fought bravely in many battles and grew famous for his exploits. Rather than join the coalition against Dong Zhuo, he joined his childhood friend Gongsun Zan and fought under him against Yuan Shao many times.
Later he was sent to help Tao Qian against Cao Cao. Thanks to the support of the influential Mi and Chen families along with the provisions in Tao Qian's last will, Liu Bei inherited the Xu Province. After his defeat against Cao Cao, Lü Bu joined him. However, Lü Bu took advantage of Liu Bei being away fighting Yuan Shu and seized Xu Province. Later Liu Bei joined Cao Cao and they defeated Lü Bu at the Battle of Xiapi. Although he was treated well by Cao Cao, Liu Bei received a secret edict from the emperor to kill Cao Cao. So he rebelled against Cao Cao taking back Xu province. After a brief alliance with Yuan Shao, Liu Bei was quickly defeated by Cao Cao and had to flee to join Yuan Shao in the north. He was sent by Yuan Shao to create uprisings behind Cao Cao's main base but he was ultimately defeated by Cao Cao and joined his kinsman Liu Biao. Liu Biao doubted Liu Bei's loyalty so he sent him to Xinye to serve as a shield against Cao Cao. After Liu Biao's death, Liu Bei and his supporters joined Liu Qi in Xiakou where they allied with Sun Quan. Together they opposed Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs.
After Cao Cao's defeat, Liu Bei quickly took control of the majority of Jing Province. He then married Sun Quan's sister. Sun Quan then recognised the legitimacy of Liu Bei's control of the Jing Province and agreed to "lend" him Nan Commandery. Liu Bei later led his army to join another kinsman, Liu Zhang, in his war against the warlord Zhang Lu. Based on the advice of his advisors, Liu Bei betrayed Liu Zhang and seized the Yi Province from him. After engaging in a series of conflicts with Sun Quan and seeing Cao Cao's coming closer to the Yi province, Liu Bei agreed to yield half of the Jing province to Sun Quan and led his army against Xiahou Yuan at Hanzhong and seized it. Liu Bei then declared himself "King of Hanzhong" and set up his headquarters in Chengdu. However soon after his senior general Guan Yu was killed by Liu Bei's "ally" Sun Quan who took the rest of Jing province in return for having "lent" Liu Bei the Nan Commandery. Liu Bei was furious and after declaring himself emperor to challenge Cao Pi's authority, he led his army against his former ally. Though some early success, his army was soon forced into a stalemate against Sun Quan general Lu Xun and was subsequently defeated. Ashamed by his failure, he never returned to Chengdu and settled in Baidicheng where he lived until his death one year later. Urging his heir, eldest son, Liu Shan not to emulate him and rather be as virtuous as possible, before he died Liu Bei appointed Zhuge Liang to advise his son on domestic matters with Li Yan to advise him on the military matters.
Despite early failings and lacking both the material resources and social status his rivals commanded, he gathered support among disheartened Han loyalists who opposed Cao Cao, the warlord who controlled the Han central government and the figurehead Emperor Xian, and led a popular movement to restore the Han dynasty. Liu Bei overcame a number of setbacks to carve out his own realm, which at its peak spanned present-day Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, and parts of Hubei and Gansu.
Culturally, due to the popularity of the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei is widely regarded as the ideal benevolent and humane ruler who cared for his people and selected good advisers for his government. His fictional counterpart in the novel was a salutary example of a ruler who adhered to the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion. Historically, Liu Bei, like many Han rulers, was greatly influenced by Laozi. He was a brilliant politician and leader whose skill was a remarkable demonstration of "Confucian in appearance but Legalist in substance".
Physical appearance
The historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms described Liu Bei as a man seven chi and five cun tall (approximately 1.8 metres), with long arms that "extended beyond his knees" and ears so large that "he could see them".
Family background
According to the 3rd-century historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei was born in Zhuo County, Zhuo Commandery (present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei). He was a descendant of Liu Sheng, who was the ninth son of Emperor Jing and the first King of Zhongshan in Han dynasty. However, Pei Songzhi's 5th-century commentary, based on the Dianlue (), said that Liu Bei was a descendant of the Marquis of Linyi (). As the title "Marquis of Linyi" was held by Liu Fu (劉復; a great-nephew of Emperor Guangwu) and later by Liu Fu's son Liu Taotu (), who were descendants of Liu Fa (劉發), King Ding of Changsha – another son of Emperor Jing, it was possible that Liu Bei descended from this line rather than Liu Sheng's line.
Liu Bei's grandfather Liu Xiong () and father Liu Hong () both served in provincial and commandery offices. Liu Bei's grandfather, Liu Xiong did well and was recommended as a candidate for civil office in the xiaolian process. Then, he rose to become prefect of Fan (范) in Dong Commandery.
Early life (161-184)
However Liu Bei's father, Liu Hong didn't live long and Liu Bei grew up in a poor family, having lost his father when he was still a child. Also because of the (推恩令) even if Liu Bei is still related the royal family tree, his generation is no longer considered different than normal people. To support themselves, Liu Bei and his mother sold shoes and straw-woven mats. Even so, Liu Bei was full of ambition from childhood. In the southeast of his house, there was a mulberry tree that was very tall (11,5 meters high). When looked from far away, the tree's shade was similar to a small cart. People from all around the village felt that this tree was unique with some saying that the house would produce a person of nobility. A fortune teller named Li Ding (李定) of Zhuo stated: "This family will certainly produce an estimable man.". When he was a kid, Liu Bei would play beneath the tree with other children from the village. He would often say: "I must ride in this feather covered chariot (emperor chariot)." Liu Bei's uncle Zijing (子敬) thought of Liu Bei's dream as foolish and that he would bring destruction to his house.
In 175, when he was near his 15. His mother sent him to study with Lu Zhi, a distinguished man and former grand administrator of Jiujiang Commandery. Lu Zhi was from Zhuo Commandery, the same as Liu Bei. One of his fellow-students was Gongsun Zan of Liaodong with whom he became friends. Since Gongsun Zan was the eldest, Liu Bei treated him as an elder brother. Another fellow-student was his kinsman Liu Deran (). Liu Deran's father, Yuanqi (元起), often gave Liu Bei material support to help him and his mother and treated him the same as his son, Liu Deran. Yuanqi's wife wasn't happy about this and told him: “Each has his own family. How can you regularly do this?” Yuanqi answered: “This boy is in our clan, and he is an extraordinary person.”.
The adolescent Liu Bei was said to be unenthusiastic in studying however he was fond of dogs and horses and displayed interest in hunting, music and dressing in fine clothing. He enjoyed associating with braves (haoxia), and in his youth he fought and hung out with them. He would not manifest his anger or happiness in front of others. Concise in speech, calm in demeanour and kind to his friends. Liu Bei was well liked by his contemporaries
Around this time, Two great horse merchants from Zhongshan. Zhang Shiping () and Su Shuang (), were very wealthy and had riches of several thousands in gold. They sold horses, and they passed through Zhuo commandery. They met Liu Bei and were struck by his appearance and personality. So they gifted him much money and wealth. Thanks to their assistance, Liu Bei was able to assemble a large group of followers.
Yellow Turban Rebellion (184-189)
In 184, at the end of the reign of Emperor Ling, the Yellow Turbans rose up and started the Yellow Turban Rebellion, every procinces and commandery would call for righteous man to defend the country. Liu Bei saw what was happening and became much more politically aware. He called for the assembly of a militia to help government forces suppress the rebellion. And rallied a group of loyal followers, including among them Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Jian Yong.
Liu Bei led his militia to join the local government forces led by Colonel Zou Jing and participated in battles against the rebels with distinction. Around this time, Liu Ziping of Pingyuan heard of Liu Bei's reputation as a brave man. And when Zhang Chun (張純) rebelled, the Qing Province was ordered by imperial decree to send an attendant official to lead an army to defeat Zhang Chun. As they passed through Pingyuan, Ziping recommended Liu Bei to the attendant official. Liu Bei accepted and joined him. When they met the rebels in the landscape. Liu Bei was grievely wounded and had to fake death. After the rebels left, a friend of him loaded him into a cart and carried him away. Thus he was able to escape. In recognition of his contributions, the Han central government appointed Liu Bei as the Prefect () of Anxi County (安喜縣; northwest of present-day Anguo, Hebei), one of the counties in Zhongshan Commandery ().
Later, the Han central government decreed that any official who had gained the post as a reward for military contributions was to be dismissed and an inspector was sent to Liu Bei's prefecture. Liu Bei doubted that he would be among those to be dismissed. When Liu Bei saw the inspector he recognized him and wanted to meet him however the inspector refused to see him and claimed illness. Liu Bei was furious, he returned to his office and led clerks and soldiers to the postal relay station and forced his enter through the door and said: "I have been secretly instructed by the Commandery Administrator to arrest the inspector!" Thereupon he tied the inspector and led him to the outskirts of the district then he bound the inspector to a tree, undid his ribbon of office and tied the inspector's neck and gave him more than one hundred strokes with a bamboo stave. Liu Bei was ready to kill him but the inspector begged him for mercy and so he didn't. After that, he left his office.
He then travelled south with his followers to join another militia. Around this time, the General-in-Chief He Jin sent the Chief Commandant Guanqiu Yi (毌丘毅) to Danyang with the mission to recruit soldiers, and Liu Bei joined him in fighting the Yellow Turbans remnants in Xu Province. When they reached Xiapi, they met rebels army and Liu Bei fought hard with talent. As a reward for his contributions, the Han central government appointed him as the Prefect () and Commandant () of Gaotang County.
Warlord state
In Gongsun Zan's service (189–194)
Liu Bei never participated in the Campaign against Dong Zhuo, although he is said to have raised troops for the purpose. Instead, he opted to move north to join an old friend, the warlord Gongsun Zan. In 191, they scored a major victory against another warlord Yuan Shao (leader of the former alliance against Dong Zhuo) in their struggle for control of Ji Province and Qing Province. Gongsun Zan nominated Liu Bei to be the Chancellor () of Pingyuan State and sent him to join his subordinate Tian Kai in fighting Yuan Shao's eldest son Yuan Tan in Qing Province. In defending against the governor of Ji province, Yuan Shao, he fought in battles with distinction. He was appointed probationary prefect of Pingyuan and later was made concurrent chancellor of Pingyuan.
At this time, a resident of Pingyuan, Liu Ping 劉平, had since long held Liu Bei in low esteem so he was ashamed at having to serve under him. Liu Ping hired an assassin to kill Liu Bei. Liu Bei didn't realize his intention and treated him generously, so much so that the assassin could not bring himself to kill him and so he informed Liu Bei before he left. Such was the extent to which Liu Bei had won the hearts of the people. Pingyuan was poor and so people were starving and they banded together to commit robbery. Liu Bei externally guarded against bandits and internally he generously carried out economic measures. He would make persons who ranked beneath the elite sit on the same mat and eat from the same pot. He felt no cause to be picky, so people attached themselves to him in droves.
Succeeding Tao Qian (194)
In 194, Yuan Shao's ally, Cao Cao, attacked Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province. At the time, there were two opposing alliances – Yuan Shu, Tao Qian and Gongsun Zan on one side, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and Liu Biao the other. In face of strong pressure from Cao Cao, Tao Qian appealed to Tian Kai for help. Tian Kai and Liu Bei led their armies to support Tao Qian. Liu Bei himself led over 5000 soldiers with mixed barbarian cavalry from the Wuhuan of You province. He also conscripted several thousand among the people.
Despite initial success in the invasion, Cao Cao's subordinate Zhang Miao rebelled and allowed Lü Bu to take over Cao Cao's base in Yan Province, forcing Cao Cao to retreat from Xu Province. Tao Qian asked Liu Bei to station his army in nearby Xiaopei and gave him 4,000 more troops from Danyang, in addition to the thousands troops and Wuhuan cavalry already under his command. Thus, Liu Bei broke with his supervisor Tian Kai for Tao Qian. Tao Qian became Liu Bei's mentor and Liu Bei benefited greatly under the tutelage of Tao Qian, who governed like a Confucian populist, which influenced Liu Bei's future governance. Then, Tao Qian memorialized the court to have Liu Bei appointed as the inspector of Yu province. Liu Bei led his army to Xiaopei, he then proceed to raise troops around the area, and actively built up connections with influential clans and people of the region. In a rather short period of time, he had gained the support of the two most powerful families in Xu Province: the Mi family led by Mi Zhu and Mi Fang, and the Chen family led by Chen Gui and Chen Deng.
Soon Tao Qian's illness became serious and he told to the mounted escort Mi Zhu: "Other than Liu Bei, there is no one who can bring peace to this province." Upon Tao Qian's death in 194, the Mi family backed Liu Bei, instead of one of Tao Qian's sons, to be the new Governor of Xu Province. Mi Zhu then led the residents of the province to meet Liu Bei, however he was hesitant and apprehensive about taking the post. He then consulted Kong Rong and Chen Deng.
Chen Deng told him: "Today the House of Han is in decline and the empire is in chaos. The time to establish merit and to accomplish affairs is today. That province is rich, with a population of a million. We wish to impose on you the post of the inspector and have you assume charge of the affairs of the province." Liu Bei answered: "Yuan Shu is nearby at Shouchun. That man is from a line of four dukes in five generations. The empire is turning to him. You can give the province to him.” Chen Deng then said: "Gonglu is arrogant. He is not the ruler to bring order out of the chaos. Now, I wish to assemble 100,000 infantry and cavalry for my lord. Above, you can assist our sovereign and bring aid to the common people then you could fulfill the calling of the Five Hegemons. Below you could allocate territory and preserve the boundaries. Finally, you could write your achievements on bamboo and silk to be recorded for the posterity. If the inspector does not assent then I also dare not to obey the inspector."
Kong Rong at that time was the chancellor of Beihai and told him: "Is Yuan Gonglu someone who will be concerned about the state and forget his family? In what way are dried bones in the grave worthy of our attention? As far as today's matter is concerned, the people will adhere to men of talent and ability. If one does not accept what heaven offers to him then it will be too late if you regret it later.” Both of them advised him to form an alliance with Yuan Shao.
At that time, Chen Deng with Mi Zhu and the others sent a messenger to call on to Yuan Shao saying: "Heaven has sent down disastrous stench and misfortune has fallen upon our humble and small region. Recently, Tao Qian has died and the people are without a ruler. They fear that greedy rapace will one day take advantage of the opening to extend themselves and so are very anxious. However, they will embrace the former Administrator of Pingyuan, Liu Bei, as their rightful leader. Hence allowing the people to know that hey have someone to rely on. Just now rebel are around all the region; there's not a moment of peace to remove his armor. And so we respectfully send lower officials to report this to the officials in charge." Yuan Shao answered: "Liu Xuande is liberal and refined. He is also known as a man of trust and righteousness. Now that Xu region happily accepts him. This matches my own desires." Liu Bei finally took over Xu Province after Yuan Shao recognised the legitimacy of his governorship.
Conflict with Lü Bu (195–198)
In 195, Lü Bu was defeated by Cao Cao and sought shelter under Liu Bei. In the next year, Yuan Shu sent his general Ji Ling with an army to invade Xu Province. In response, Liu Bei led his troops to counter Ji Ling's advances near present-day Xuyi County and stopped him at Xuyi and Huaiyin (淮陰). Around this time, Cao Cao memorialized to appoint Liu Bei as General Who Subdues The East and enfeoffed him as marquis of Yicheng Village. This was in the first year of the Jian'an period (196).
Liu Bei and Yuan Shu had a standoff for about a month without any decisive result. In the meantime, Zhang Fei, whom Liu Bei left in charge of Xiapi Commandery (下邳郡; around present-day Pizhou, Jiangsu), the capital of Xu Province, murdered Cao Bao, the Chancellor of Xiapi, after an intense quarrel. Cao Bao's death stirred up unrest in Xiapi Commandery which provided the warlord Lü Bu an opportunity to link up with defectors from Liu Bei's side to seize control of Xiapi Commandery and capture Liu Bei's family.
Upon receiving news of Lü Bu's intrusion, Liu Bei immediately headed back to Xiapi Commandery but most of his troops deserted along the way. With his remaining men, Liu Bei moved eastward to take Guangling Commandery, where Yuan Shu's forces defeated him. Liu Bei then retreated to Haixi County (海西縣; southeast of present-day Guannan County, Jiangsu). At this time, Yang Feng and Han Xian were brigands who raided the area between Yang and Xu provinces. Liu Bei caught and defeated them. After his victory, he had both of them executed.
However, surrounded by hostile forces and facing a lack of food supplies, Liu Bei and his men resorted to cannibalism. Pressed by poverty and hunger, Liu Bei's men wanted to return to Xiapi. Liu Bei eventually had no choice but to send an official request to surrender to Lü Bu who accepted his surrender and ordered Liu Bei to return to the seat of Xu and to combine their strength to defeat Yuan Shu. He then prepared the regional inspector's chariot and returned his family to the bank of the Si River as an act of good faith. Before Liu Bei left, there was a farewell banquet and everyone was content.
Lü Bu, fearing that Yuan Shu would turn on him after eliminating Liu Bei, obstructed Yuan Shu's attempts to destroy Liu Bei. At this time, Lu Bu's commanders said to him: "Liu Bei has changed his allegiance too often. It is difficult to know what he is going to do and develop relations with him. Soon, you will have to think of a way to take care of him." However, Lu Bu didn't listen and even related the matter to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was alarmed and maneuvered to distance himself, sending a messenger to Lü Bu with a request to be relocated to Xiaopei. Lü Bu agreed, and Liu Bei was able to safely arrive at Xiaopei where he immediately raised 10,000 troops.
Upon seeing Liu Bei's growing power, Lü Bu became worried that Liu Bei would turn against him, so he launched a preemptive attack on Xiaopei. Liu Bei fled to the imperial capital, Xuchang, where he took shelter under Cao Cao, the warlord who had been controlling the Han central government since he had brought the figurehead Emperor Xian of Han to Xuchang in 196. Cao Cao welcomed Liu Bei warmly, used Emperor Xian's name to appoint him as the Governor of Yu Province, and put him in command of some troops. Liu Bei then returned to Xiaopei to keep an eye on Lü Bu.
In 198, Lü Bu renewed his alliance with Yuan Shu to counter Cao Cao's growing influence and sent Gao Shun and Zhang Liao to attack Liu Bei at Xiaopei. Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun to support Liu Bei but he was unable to rescue Liu Bei and they were defeated by Gao Shun again he had his family captured by Gao Shun who sent them to Lu Bu. Liu Bei fled to Xuchang to take shelter under Cao Cao, who brought Liu Bei along as he personally led an army to attack Lü Bu in Xu Province. Later that year, the combined forces of Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeated Lü Bu at the Battle of Xiapi; Lü Bu was captured and executed after his defeat. Liu Bei recovered his wife and children and followed Cao Cao back to Xu. Cao Cao sent a memorial to have Liu Bei promoted as General Of The Left. Cao Cao treated him with great sympathy. When they went out, they would ride in the same chariot and when they sat, it was on the same mat.
Role in the Cao–Yuan conflict (199–201)
By 199, Cao Cao enjoyed a strong political advantage over his rivals because he had Emperor Xian and the Han central government firmly under his control. During this time, Liu Bei participated in a conspiracy with Dong Cheng, Colonel of the Chang River Encampment Zhong Ji (種輯), General Wu Zilan (吳子蘭) and General Wang Zifu (王子服) to assassinate Cao Cao, after Dong Cheng had received a secret edict from within the Emperor Xian's clothing and girdle to kill Cao Cao. Around this time, Cao Cao said brusquely to Liu Bei: "Currently among the heroes of the empire, there is only you and I. The ilk of Benchu are not worth counting.” At this moment, Liu Bei was taking a bite and from the shock dropped his chopstick and spoon. He excused himself on account of a clap of thunder and told to Cao Cao: "When the wise said, “If there is a sudden clap of thunder and a fierce wind, I must change my countenance” it was truly with reason. The awesomeness of a single clap can cause this!"
However, at the same time, Liu Bei was anxious to leave Xuchang and be free of Cao Cao's control. Thus, upon hearing news that Yuan Shu was on his way to join Yuan Shao after his defeat, Liu Bei requested permission from Cao Cao to lead an army to stop Yuan Shu. Cao Cao agreed and sent Liu Bei and Zhu Ling to lead an army to block Yuan Shu, who retreated back to his base in Shouchun and died there later that year. While Zhu Ling returned to Xu, Liu Bei remained in command of the army and led them to attack and seize control of Xu Province after murdering Che Zhou (), the provincial governor appointed by Cao Cao. Liu Bei then moved to Xiaopei while leaving Guan Yu in charge of Xu Province's capital, Xiapi.
Chang Ba (昌霸) of Donghai used this occasion to rebel. Also, many commanderies and prefectures entered in rebellion and joined Liu Bei against Cao Cao. Soon, their mass totaled more than ten thousands of persons. In the meantime, Yuan Shao had defeated Gongsun Zan and was preparing to attack Cao Cao in the Henan region. Liu Bei then sent his adviser Sun Qian to meet Yuan Shao and request that he launch an immediate attack on Cao Cao, but Yuan Shao refused. In 200, Cao Cao discovered Dong Cheng's conspiracy and had all the participants rounded up and executed along with their families. Liu Bei survived the purge because he was not in Xuchang.
Having achieved stability in Xuchang, Cao Cao turned his attention towards preparing for a battle with Yuan Shao. He fortified many key crossing points along the south banks of the Yellow River and set up a main camp at Guandu. At the same time, he sent his subordinates Liu Dai () and Wang Zhong to attack Liu Bei in Xu Province but they were defeated. Cao Cao then made a highly risky move: He predicted that Yuan Shao would not make any advances so he secretly left his defensive position along the Yellow River and personally led an army to Xu Province to attack Liu Bei. Under the weight of Cao Cao's attacks, Liu Bei's forces quickly disintegrated and Xu Province fell to Cao Cao. Zhang Fei protected Liu Bei as he fled from Xiaopei after his defeat; Guan Yu, isolated in Xiapi Commandery, was captured by Cao Cao's forces and decided to surrender and temporarily serve under Cao Cao. Liu Bei headed north to join Yuan Shao.
Liu Bei first went to Qing province which was under Yuan Tan's supervision. Before Liu Bei had formerly recommended Yuan Tan as an "abundant talent' and so they had good relation, Yuan Tan himself led infantry and cavalry to welcome him. Both of them then left for Pingyuan. Yuan Tan then sent a messenger to report to his father. Yuan Shan then sent a commander to greet Liu Bei and personally went 200 li from Ye to welcome him. Both Yuan Shao and Yuan Tan greatly esteemed Liu Bei. He then stayed a month and a few days, and soon his soldiers regrouped under him. He participated in the Battle of Yan Ford alongside Yuan Shao's general Wen Chou against Cao Cao's forces, but they suffered a defeat and Wen Chou was killed in battle.
As Liu Pi, a former Yellow Turban rebel, started a revolt in Runan Commandery (southeastern Henan), Liu Bei convinced Yuan Shao to "lend" him troops to assist Liu Pi. At this time, Guan Yu rejoined Liu Bei. Liu Bei and Liu Pi then led their forces from Runan Commandery to attack Xuchang while Cao Cao was away at Guandu, but they were defeated by Cao Ren. Liu Bei then returned to Yuan Shao and urged him to ally with Liu Biao, the Governor of Jing Province. Yuan Shao then sent him with some troops to Runan Commandery to assist another rebel leader, Gong Du (). Liu Bei and Gong Du defeated and killed Cai Yang (), one of Cao Cao's officers who led troops to attack them.
Taking refuge under Liu Biao (201–208)
In 201, Cao Cao led his army to attack Liu Bei in Runan Commandery after his victory over Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu. Liu Bei sent Mi Zhu and Sun Qian as ambassadors to Liu Biao. Liu Biao himself came to the outskirts to greet Liu Bei and his followers and treated them with utmost courtesy due an honoured guest. He gave him some troops and sent him to station at Xinye County in northern Jing Province to guard against Cao Cao's advances. Soon many men of talents joined Liu Bei and his rank greatly increased. Liu Biao didn't trust him completely and secretly guarded against Liu Bei.
In 202, Liu Biao ordered Liu Bei to fend off Xiahou Dun, Yu Jin and the other officers at Bowang. Liu Bei led his army and set up an ambush. Eventually, he set fire to his own camp and faked a retreat. When Xiahou Dun led his soldiers to the pursuit, they were crushed by the troops lying in ambush at Battle of Bowang. Liu Bei stayed in Jing Province for about seven years. When he was talking with Liu Biao, he rose up to go to the toilet. Then, he noticed that the flesh in his thighs had increased, he sighed heavily and wept. When he returned to his seat, Liu Biao was surprised and asked him about it. Liu Bei replied: "When I was younger, I've never left the saddle. My thighs were thin. Now I do not ride anymore, they has grown. The days and months pass like a stream, and old age will come, but I have achieved nothing. That's why I am sad."
Once, Liu Bei camped at Fancheng with his soldiers. Liu Biao was friendly to him however he was also anxious about Liu Bei's conduct and did not place much trust in him. One day, had asked Liu Bei to him for a banquet. Kuai Yue and Cai Mao wanted to use this as an occasion to kill Liu Bei. Liu Bei saw through this and pretended to go to the toilet and nimbly escaped. His horse was named Dilu (的盧), and he quickly ride him. However, during the pursuit, he fell into the waters of the Tan Stream west of Xiangyang city. Liu Bei was drowning and couldn't get away from the river. He then cried: "Dilu! Today I'm in dire straits! Give it your all!" Dilu then jumped three zhang (7 meters) in a single leap and thus both of them got across. Quickly they found a ferry and crossed the river. While they were at half of the river, the pursuers caught up to them and could only apologize on Liu Biao's behalf while saying: "Why are you leaving already?"
In 207, Cao Cao planned a campaign to conquer the Wuhuan in the north, but was apprehensive that Liu Biao might attack his base but he was assured by Guo Jia that Liu Biao would not do so for fear of Liu Bei being more powerful than he was. Cao Cao agreed and Guo Jia's point was proven later, when Liu Biao refused to attack Xu when Liu Bei advised him to do so. When Cao Cao returned from Liucheng. Liu Biao told to Liu Bei: "I didn't adopt your proposal and now I lost this great opportunity." Liu Bei answered: “Now the empire is in chaos and every days there are battles. What seem to be a good opportunity may present himself later. If you are able to respond to them accordingly then this isn't worth regret."
Away from the battlefields in the east and under Liu Biao's efficient rule, Jing Province was prosperous and a popular destination for literati fleeing from the destruction of war. Liu Bei asked Sima Hui, a revered recluse, about scholars. Sima Hui's friend Pan Degong named Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong as exceptional talents who could comprehend important events of their time well. Xu Shu also urged Liu Bei to call on Zhuge Liang. Liu Bei went to see Zhuge Liang and finally had an audience with him after three visits. Zhuge Liang presented Liu Bei with his Longzhong Plan, a general long-term plan outlining the takeover of Jing Province and Yi Province to set up a two-pronged final strike at the imperial capital.
Around this time, Zhuge Liang visited Liu Bei. Liu Bei was fond of feathers and when Zhuge Liang joined him, he was tying a recently gifted bunch of ox-tail hairs. When Zhuge Liang saw this, he said "General, you should wish to realize greater ambitions! Or is tying feathers your only aspiration?" Liu Bei then acknowledge that Zhuge Liang was an extrodirnary person and throw away the feathers admitting that it was just "A mere idle fancy!".
Liu Biao died in 208 and his younger son Liu Cong succeeded him and surrendered to Cao Cao without informing Liu Bei. By the time Liu Bei heard news of Liu Cong's surrender, Cao Cao's army had already reached Wan. When he head of his surrender, he had someone close to him ask about it. Liu Zhong then sent Song Zhong (宋忠) to Liu Bei. When they met, Cao Cao was at Wan and Liu Bei was furious, he said to Song Zhong: "All of you act in such undesirable way and are not honest with us from the start. Now only when catastrophe is near do you dare to show your face. Are you thinking of me as a fool?" Liu Bei pulled his sword on Song Zhong and said: "If I were to behead you now, It would quell my rage. However, it would be a shame for a man of my stature to kill someone like you when they are about to fall." Liu Bei sent Son Zhong away and summoned his officers to discuss of the next strategy. Among them, some wanted for Liu Bei to forced Liu Zhong, his officials and the elites (吏士) of Jing province to flee south of Jiangling. However Liu Bei replied: "When Liu Biao was near death, he confided me with his orphaned sons. Now I would have to betray him and his trust to save myself and this isn't something I am ready to do. After death, how could I face him!"
Liu Bei led his troops away and abandoned Fancheng, leading civilians and his followers on an exodus to the south. Around this time, Zhuge Liang advised Liu Bei to launch an attack on Liu Cong, then Jing province may belong to him. Liu Bei answered that he couldn't bear to do it. Then he passed near Liu Cong's city and wanted to see him. However Liu Cong was afraid and would not move. Many of Liu Cong's supporters and the people of Jing joined him. Around this time, Liu Bei took his leave at Liu Biao's grave. He wept at the situation Jing province was.
By the time they reached Dangyang (當陽; south of present-day Duodao District, Jingmen, Hubei), his followers numbered more than 100,000 and they moved only 10 li a day. Liu Bei sent Guan Yu ahead to wait for him in Jiangling, where abundant supplies and arsenal were stored, with Jing Province's fleet. Among Liu Bei's followers, some said to him: “You should move fast and then hold Jiangling. Although our force is large, few among them have military equipment. If Cao Cao's army comes, how will you stop him?” Liu Bei answered to them: “In coping with a situation one must alway consider men as fundamental. Now that men are joining me, how can I reject them!”
Afraid that Liu Bei might reach Jiangling County which had military stores before him, Cao Cao led his cavalry on pursuit for Xiangyang. When he learned that he already passed through there. He urged his 5000 elite troops, in a day and a night they covered over 300 li and Cao Cao caught up with Liu Bei and captured most of his people and baggage at the Battle of Changban. Leaving his family behind, Liu Bei fled with only scores of followers. He made it to the Han Ford where he met with Guan Yu's fleet, they crossed the Mian River to Jiangxia Commandery and the Yangtze River to Xiakou, where they took shelter under Liu Qi, Liu Biao's elder son and met up with over 10,000 followers. Liu Qi objected to his brother's surrender to Cao Cao and was able to maintain Jiangxia Commandery and Xiakou allowing more of his father's former subordinates to escape from Cao Cao.
Alliance with Sun Quan
Battles of Red Cliffs and Jiangling (208-211)
When Liu Bei was still at Dangyang, Lu Su met him, discussed with him of the situation in the empire and hinted that he should ally with the warlord Sun Quan against Cao Cao. After that, Lu Su asked Liu Bei where he wanted to go next. Liu Bei answered that him and Wu Ju (吳巨) the Administrator of Cangwu Commandery were friends and that he desired to join him. Lu Su told Liu Bei: "Sun Quan is talented and kind. His treats both the elites and the worthies with respect. All the heroes from the south of the Yangtze river already joined him. He also holds the six commanderies, his troops trained and the supplies abundant. You should join him. Now, I propose this plan to you. You should send a confidant of you as an envoy to the east and establish connections, promote the gains of this alliance and together we shall follow the same goal. But you speak of Wu Ju. He has no talents and command a distant commandery. He will soon be under another. How could you entrust yourself to him?". Liu Bei agreed with Lu Su.
Zhuge Liang, as Liu Bei's representative, followed Lu Su to meet Sun Quan at Chaisang County (柴桑縣; southwest of present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi), where they discussed the formation of a Sun–Liu alliance against Cao Cao. Liu Bei and Sun Quan formed their first alliance against the southward expansion of Cao Cao. Both sides clashed at the Battle of Red Cliffs, which concluded with a decisive victory for the Sun–Liu side. Liu Bei and the Sun troops advanced by land and water until Cao Cao was pushed to Nan Commandery. Cao Cao retreated north after his defeat and left behind Cao Ren and Xu Huang to guard Jiangling County and Yue Jin to defend Xiangyang.
Sun Quan's forces, led by Zhou Yu, attacked Cao Ren after their resounding victory to wrestle for control of Jiangling County. Liu Bei recommended Liu Qi to be the new Inspector of Jing Province and led his men to capture the four commanderies in southern Jing Province – Changsha () led by Han Xuan, Lingling () led by Liu Du, Guiyang led by Zhao Fan and Wuling led by Jin Xuan. Lei Xu (雷緒) of Lujiang (廬江) also amassed many followers and led ten thousands of soldiers to Liu Bei. Liu Bei set up his base at Gong'an County and continued to strengthen his forces.
When Liu Qi died in 209 shortly after Liu Bei secured his position in southern Jing Province. All of Liu Qi's followers wanted for Liu Bei to succeed him as the new Inspector of Jing Province with his administrative seat at Gongan which he accepted. To further strengthen the Sun–Liu alliance, Liu Bei travelled to Sun Quan's territory to marry Sun Quan's younger sister, Lady Sun. After the political marriage, Sun Quan not only recognised the legitimacy of Liu Bei's control over southern Jing Province, but also agreed to "lend" Nan Commandery to him.
Sun Quan sent an envoy to Liu Bei and expressed his desire for both of them to conquer Yi province. The emissary reported to Liu Bei:"The Rice Bandit, Zhang Lu has made his base in Ba and acted as a king. He served as Cao Cao's ears an eyes and want to conquer Yi province. Liu Zhang is weak and can't defend himself. If Cao Cao gained Yi province the Jing would be in danger! Now, you should first conquer Liu Zhang then Zhang Lu. The tail and the head are connected. Once we united Wu and Chu even if there is ten Cao Cao, there would be no need for worry."
Liu Bei's officers thought Liu Bei should conquer this land alone since Sun Quan couldn't extend his land beyond Jing province. Yin Guan (殷觀) at this time was master of records of Jing province, he said: "If you act as the vanguard for Sun Quan and moved your army but fall to conquer Yi province then while you are away, Sun Quan could use this to his advantage and everything would be lost! For the time being, you should only encourage his attack on Yi while you explain that you recently conquered several commanderies and cannot act yet. Sun Quan would not dare to pass through us to take Yi alone. With such a strategy of advance and withdrawal, you can reap the both the benefits of Sun Quan and the Yi province.” Liu Bei agreed and followed this plan, he then had Yin Guan promoted to be mounted escort attendant.
And so Liu Bei answered to Sun Quan: "The people of Yi province are strong and rich moreover the land is hard to conquer. Even if Liu Zhang is weak, he can defend himself. Zhang Lu is crafty and may not be loyal to Cao Cao. Now with the fierce soldiers of Yi and the complicate terrain, the battle is far more harder and may be something that Wu Qi couldn't accomplish even less an officer of Sun. Even if Cao Cao wanted to destitute the emperor, he still is officially his protector. And when the civils saw his defeat at Cibhi, they said that his ambition was over and his power ended. However he already possesses two thirds of the empire and he surely wants to take his horse to the farest of the world and led his army to Wu-Gui Commanderies. Why would he allow us expend ourselves while waiting for his death? Now if we were to attack an ally (Liu Zhang) without reason, Cao Cao would use this opportunity to crushed us while we are infighting. This is not a good plan."
Sun Quan didn't listen and sent Sun Yu to led his troops and camped at Xiakou (夏口). However Liu Bei blocked this army and would not allow them to pass. He said to Sun Yu: "If you take Yi then I shall let my hair down, go into the mountains and become an hermit so I would not lose the trust of the empire."Also he ordered Guan Yu to encamp at Jiangling, Zhang Fei at Zigui, Zhuge Liang in Nan commandery and Liu Bei himself led his men at Zhanling. When Sun Quan saw this, he grasped Liu Bei's intentions and had to order Sun Yu to return.
Subsequently, former subordinates of Liu Biao who were unwilling to serve Cao Cao came to join Liu Bei. After the death of Zhou Yu in 210 and Liu Bei's growing influence in southern Jing Province, Sun Quan's position in the north became more untenable. Lu Su succeeded Zhou Yu as the frontline commander of Sun Quan's armies and moved the headquarters to Lukou (), yielding all commanderies of Jing Province (except Jiangxia Commandery) and access to Yi Province to Liu Bei.
Establishing the Shu kingdom
Conquering Yi Province (211-215)
In 211, Liu Zhang, the Governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), heard that Cao Cao planned to attack the warlord Zhang Lu in Hanzhong Commandery. As Hanzhong Commandery was a strategic location and the northern "gateway" into Yi Province, Liu Zhang was afraid. At this time, the mounted escort Zhang Song told him: "Cao Cao's armies are strong and without a match in the empire. If he was able to use Zhang Lu's grain stores and launch an invasion of Yi province, who could stop him." Liu Zhang answered that he was worried but without a plan. Zhang Song answered: "Liu Bei is of the same clan as you and he is an unstoppable rival of Cao Cao. He commands troops with talent. If we used him to conquer Zhang Lu, Zhang Lu would surely be defeated. With Zhang Lu vanquished, Yi province would be safe and even if Cao Cao were to come, he would be defeated."
After listening to the advice from Zhang Song, Liu Zhang sent Fa Zheng with 4000 men to form an alliance with Liu Bei and presented him with many expensive gifts. Zhang Song and Fa Zheng privately disapproved of Liu Zhang's governance and looked at Liu Bei as a solution for a legitimate successor. When Liu Bei met them, he welcomed them warmly and treated them with kindness. He used this opportunity to lear more about Yi province mostly the weaponry, stores and number of horses as well as other strategic locations and their distance to each other. Zhang Song and his entourage told him about everything and furthmore drew a map of Yi province with the location of the mountains and rivers. With their help, Liu Bei learned all about Yi province. Liu Zhang invited Liu Bei to join him in Yi Province to capture Hanzhong Commandery before Cao Cao did.
Liu Bei led an expedition force of several ten thousands soldiers into Yi Province after leaving behind Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to guard Jing Province. Liu Zhang welcomed Liu Bei, when they saw each other, both of them were friendly. Before this Zhang Song told Fa Zheng to report to Liu Bei, that with the consellor Pang Tong backing, they could ambush Liu Zhang at the meeting spot. However Liu Bei thought that the plan was too hasty for such an important act.
Liu Zhang then sent a proposition to have Liu Bei be made Commander in Chief and colonel director of the retainers. Liu Bei also proposed Liu Zhang to be General Who Subdues The West and Gouvernor of Yi province. Liu Zhang provided him with more troops under his command and have him supervised the White River Army. With those reinforcement, Liu Bei's army was over 30 000 men with plenty of weapons and horses. While Liu Zhang left for Chengdu, Liu Bei headed to Jiameng Pass (southwest of present-day Guangyuan, Sichuan) at the border between Liu Zhang and Zhang Lu's territories. Instead of engaging Zhang Lu, Liu Bei halted his advance and focused on building connections and gaining influence around the area. He was kind and virtuous and so he soon gained the hearts of the masses
Next year, in 212, Cao Cao launched a campaign against Sun Quan and he soon called Liu Bei for help. Liu Bei sent a messenger to Liu Zhang: "Cao Cao campaigned against Sun and now they are in danger. Both me and them were like "lips and teeth". Moreover, Guan Yu is fighting against Yue Jian at Qingni (清泥). If I don't go to help him now and he is defeated then he will invade Jing province and the danger will be greater than Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu is looking to preserve his state. He isn't worth to worry about."and he requested that another 10,000 soldiers and additional provisions aid in the defence of Jing Province. Liu Zhang gave him only 4,000 troops and half of the other supplies he requested. Liu Bei used this as a way to motivate his troops: "I'm fighting the enemies of the province. My men are tired and cannot enjoy a peaceful life. While Liu Zhang amasses wealth in his palaces but reward mertis feebly. He hopes for the wothies and the brave to go fight in his place. But how can he thinks as such?"
Fa Zheng, Zhang Song and Meng Da set into motion their plan but they worried that Liu Bei would leave. They said to him that now that success is near, how could he give up and leave. At this time, Zhang Su(張肅), Zhang Song's brother, discovered his brother's secret communications with Liu Bei and reported the issue to Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang was furious and stunned when he heard that Zhang Song had been helping Liu Bei to take over Yi Province from him – he executed Zhang Song and ordered his officers guarding the passes to Chengdu to keep secret documents and letters to Liu Bei.
When Liu Bei found out from the spies he planted around Liu Zhang, he was furious. Fa Zheng and Meng Da defected to Liu Bei's side before Yang Huai () and Gao Pei (), Liu Zhang's subordinates guarding Boshui Pass, knew about Liu Bei's true motive. Liu Bei lured Yang Huai and Gao Pei into a trap and executed them for behaving disrespectfully towards him. He then took command of Yang Huai's and Gao Pei's troops, numbering under 5,000. Liu Bei then had Huang Zhong and Zhuo Ying lead his soldiers against Liu Zhang. When he enterred the different passes, he took the commanders as hostage along with their family. He then advanced with his troops and turned to attack Fu County (涪縣; present-day Mianyang, Sichuan).
In the spring of 213, Liu Zhang sent Liu Gui, Ling Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian, Wu Yi and other officers to stop him at Fu. However all were soundly defeated and had to retreat to Mianzhu. They were killed or captured by Liu Bei's forces. Despite being the most trusted vassal of Liu Zhang, Wu Yi soon changed allegiance, Li Yan and Fei Guan were sent to help them at Mianzhu, but they surrendered to Liu Bei as well. Liu Bei's army was getting stronger and he sent commanders to pacify the other prefectures. Among them were Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun. They led their army and pacify Baidi Jiangzhou and Jiangyang. Only Guan Yu stayed behind to defend Jing province.
Now the remnant force was under command of Liu Zhang's son, Liu Xun, and he retreated to Luo County (northwest of Chengdu, Sichuan). There, Pang Tong was killed by a stray arrow, and the siege became a prolonged one for nearly a year. In 214, after Luo County fell to Liu Bei. Liu Zhang continued to hold up inside Chengdu. Ma Chao, a former warlord and vassal under Zhang Lu, defected to Liu Bei's side and joined him in attacking Chengdu. Although Chengdu's citizens were terrified by Ma Chao's army, they insisted on putting up a desperate fight against the enemy. However, Liu Zhang surrendered to Liu Bei after stating that he did not wish to see further bloodshed. Liu Bei then succeeded Liu Zhang as the Governor of Yi Province and relocated him to Gong'an County in Jing Province. The Yi province was rich and prosper, Liu Bei had a banquet prepared for the officers and soldiers. He used the gold and silver to repay them and distributed ilk and grain to the common people.
Liu Bei married Wu Yi's sister and went on numerous public tours to consolidate his control on the newly conquered Yi Province. He promoted Zhuge Liang to an office that granted him control over all affairs of state and appointed Dong He as Zhuge Liang's deputy. Fa Zheng as his strategist. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Ma Chao as his commanders. Xu Jing, Mi Zhu and Jian Yong as his guests. The rest of Liu Bei's followers, new and old, were entrusted with new responsibilities and promoted to new ranks with Liu Zhang's followers promoted into prominent positions so their talents would not be wasted. Among the talented with ambitions, all competed for Liu Bei's attention.
Sun–Liu territorial dispute (215-217)
After Liu Bei's conquest of Yi Province, Sun Quan sent Lu Su as an emissary to demand the return of the commanderies in southern Jing Province, but Liu Bei refused and told him to wait until he took Liang province. Sun Quan was furious then sent Lü Meng and Ling Tong to lead 20,000 men to attack southern Jing Province and they succeeded in capturing Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling commanderies. In the meantime, Lu Su and Gan Ning advanced to Yiyang County with 10,000 men to block Guan Yu) and took over command of the army at Lukou. Liu Bei personally went to Gong'an County with 50 000 soldiers while Guan Yu led 30,000 men to Yiyang County. When war was about to break out, Liu Bei received news that Cao Cao was planning to attack Hanzhong Commandery after Zhang Lu fled to Baxi.
Liu Bei became worried about Cao Cao seizing Hanzhong Commandery. and requested for a border treaty with Sun Quan for the Jing province with Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang going to Sun Quan while Nan commandery, Lingling and Wuling would go back to Liu Bei, setting the new border along the Xiang River. Liu Bei led his army back to Ba commandery and had Huang Quan sent to lead troops to meet Zhang Lu, however he already had surrendered to Cao Cao.
Hanzhong Campaign (217-219)
In 215, Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu at the Battle of Yangping and seized Hanzhong Commandery. Sima Yi and Liu Ye advised him to take advantage of the victory to attack Yi Province, since it was still unstable under Liu Bei's new government and Liu Bei himself was away in Jing Province. Cao Cao, who was not fond of the terrain of the region, refused and left Xiahou Yuan, Zhang He and Xu Huang to defend Hanzhong Commandery.
In anticipation of a prolonged war, Zhang He led his army to Dangqu Commandery (宕渠郡; around present-day Qu County, Sichuan) in order to relocate the population of Ba Commandery (巴郡; present-day Chongqing and eastern Sichuan) to Hanzhong Commandery. Meanwhile, Liu Bei appointed Zhang Fei as the Administrator of Baxi Commandery () and ordered him to take over the region. Zhang Fei and Zhang He faced each other for 50 days, which concluded with a victory for the former following a surprise attack on the latter. Narrowly escaping, Zhang He retreated to Nanzheng County on foot, and the Ba region became part of Liu Bei's territory.
In 217, Fa Zheng pointed out the strategic necessities of seizing Hanzhong Commandery and advised Liu Bei to drive Cao Cao's force out of the area. Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and others to capture Wudu Commandery (), while he assembled an army and advanced to Yangping Pass. Zhang Fei was forced to retreat after his aides Wu Lan () and Lei Tong () were defeated and killed by Cao Cao's forces. Liu Bei, engaging Xiahou Yuan at Yangping Pass, tried to cut the enemy's supply route by sending his general Chen Shi to Mamingge (), but was routed by Xiahou Yuan's subordinate, Xu Huang. Liu Bei then pressed on Zhang He at Guangshi () but failed to achieve any success; at the same time, Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He were not able to hinder Liu Bei from mobilising forces around the area. The war turned into a stalemate, and Cao Cao decided to gather an army in Chang'an to fight Liu Bei.
In the spring of 218, Liu Bei and Xiahou Yuan had faced each other for over a year. Liu Bei led the main army to the south of the Mian River () and ordered Huang Zhong to set up camps on Mount Dingjun, where Xiahou Yuan's encampment in the valley below could be easily monitored. One night, Liu Bei sent 10,000 troops to attack Zhang He in Guangshi and set fire to Xiahou Yuan's barricades. Xiahou Yuan then led a small detachment to put out the fire and sent the main army to reinforce Zhang He. Fa Zheng saw an opportunity for attack and signalled to Liu Bei to launch an assault. Liu Bei sent Huang Zhong to attack the weakened enemy from above. Huang Zhong targeted Xiahou Yuan's unit and completely routed it. Both Xiahou Yuan and Zhao Yong, Cao Cao's appointed Inspector of Yi Province, were killed in the battle.
Zhang He, who had been informally elected to succeed Xiahou Yuan by Du Xi and Guo Huai, retreated to the northern bank of the Han River, and awaited Cao Cao's reinforcement from Chang'an. Liu Bei knew Cao Cao would come yet he knew he would hold Hanzhong. He secured all strategic points at the exit of the passes linking Chang'an and Hanzhong Commandery while Cao Cao was approaching via Xie Valley. Liu Bei faced Cao Cao for several months but never engaged the latter in battle, effectively forcing Cao to retreat as many of his soldiers started to desert. Zhang He also retreated to Chencang County (陳倉縣; east of present-day Baoji, Shaanxi) to set up defences for a potential invasion by Liu Bei. Liu Bei led his main army to Nanzheng County and sent Meng Da and Liu Feng to capture Fangling () and Shangyong () commanderies from Shen Dan (申耽).
In 219, after Liu Bei conquered Hanzhong Commandery, his subjects urged him to declare himself a vassal king too to challenge Cao Cao, who was enfeoffed as a vassal king ("King of Wei") by Emperor Xian in 219. Liu Bei thus declared himself "King of Hanzhong" () and set up his headquarters in Chengdu, the capital of Yi Province.
He designated his son Liu Shan as his heir-apparent. Wei Yan was put in charge of Hanzhong Commandery. Xu Jing and Fa Zheng were respectively appointed as Grand Tutor and Prefect of the Masters of Writing in Liu Bei's vassal kingdom, while Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong were respectively appointed Generals of the Vanguard, Right, Left and Rear.) Sanguozhi vol. 32.</ref>
Becoming an emperor (219-221)
In early winter 219, Sun Quan's forces led by Lü Meng invaded Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province and captured and executed Guan Yu. After learning of Guan Yu's death and the loss of Jing Province, Liu Bei turned furious and ordered his troops to begin preparing for war with Sun Quan. In early 220, Cao Cao died and was succeeded by his son, Cao Pi. Later that year, Cao Pi usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, ended the Eastern Han dynasty and established the state of Cao Wei with himself as the emperor. With some report saying that the Han Emperor had been killed, Liu Bei declared mourning and adopted mourning clothes. He gave the emperor the posthumous title of The Filial Commiserating Emperor (孝愍皇帝).
When Meng Da learned that Liu Bei was going to launch a campaign against Sun Quan, he became concerned that he would be punished for not sending reinforcements to Guan Yu earlier, so he defected to Wei. At the same time, Zhao Yun, Qin Mi and others reminded Liu Bei that he should focus his attack on Cao Pi instead of Sun Quan, but Liu Bei rejected their advice. Seeing that Liu Bei did not prepare strong defences against Wei, Meng Da suggested a plan to Cao Pi to attack Fangling, Shangyong and Xicheng commanderies. Liu Bei's adopted son, Liu Feng, fought a desperate battle against the invaders, but he was betrayed by his subordinates and defeated. Upon his return to Chengdu, Liu Bei was furious with Liu Feng's loss and his refusal to send reinforcement to Guan Yu in 219. Upon Zhuge Liang's suggestion, Liu Bei had Liu Feng commit suicide and wept after he died.
In 221, Liu Bei declared himself emperor too and established the state of Shu Han; he claimed that his intention was to keep the Han dynasty's lineage alive. He changed the reign year and made Zhuge Liang his chancellor and Xu Jing his minister over the masses. He established a bureaucracy and an ancestral temple where he offered sacrifices to Emperor Gao (the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty). He designated Lady Wu as his empress and made his son Liu Shan as crown prince. Later, he named his son Liu Yong prince of Lu and his other son Liu Li prince of Liang.
Defeat and death (221-223)
In the autumn of 222, Liu Bei personally led an army to attack Sun Quan to avenge Guan Yu and retake his lost territories in Jing Province, while leaving Zhuge Liang in charge of state affairs in Chengdu. Sun Quan sent a letter seeking for peace but Liu Bei refused. Even though Zhang Fei was murdered by his subordinates during the onset of the battle, Liu Bei was still able to achieve initial victories against the Sun commandants stationed at Wu and Zigui until Lu Xun, the frontline commander of Sun Quan's forces, ordered a retreat to Yiling. Lu Xun held his position there and refused to engage the invaders.
By summer, the Shu troops were camped along their invasion route and had grown weary due to the hot weather. Liu Bei then moved his camp into a forest for shade and ordered Huang Quan to lead a portion of his navy to camp just outside the forest. Knowing that his enemy was not expecting a sudden strike, Lu Xun ordered a counterattack and set fire to the Shu camps linked to each other by wooden fences. 40 camps of Liu Bei's expedition force were destroyed in the fire attack and the remaining troops were defeated and forced to flee west to Ma'an Hills (northwest of Yiling), where they set up a defence. Lu Xun caught up with and besieged Liu Bei there before his men could recuperate. Liu Bei managed to escape overnight to Baidicheng by ordering his men to discard their armour and set them aflame to form a fire blockade. Lu Xun was unable to overcome the blockade and did not press any further attack. Eventually because of Cao Pi's invasion of Wu, Lu Xun and Liu Bei renewed their alliance.
Liu Bei stayed in Baidicheng until his death in spring of 223. Sun Quan heard that Liu Bei was in Baidi and sent an envoy for peace, Liu Bei accepted and had Zhong Wei (宗瑋) sent in response. When Huang Yuan (黃元) administrator of Hanjia heard that Liu Bei was ill, he rebelled because he feared that after his death, his bad relation with Zhuge Liang would bring him problems. He was defeated by Cheng Hu (陳曶) and executed.
Mostly all of his longterm closest officials were passed on and he was shamed by his defeat. Liu refused to return to his capital in Chengdu, ate poorly, drank often and neglected his health, his oncoming death was pronounced. On his deathbed, he named Zhuge Liang and Li Yan as regents to support Liu Shan and encouraged his sons to live well and do right.
Liu Bei's posthumous decree to Liu Shan was as such: When he was near death, he told his son Liu Yong to treat with his brothers the chancellor as a father and do their utmost to help him.
His body was brought back to Chengdu and entombed at Huiling (惠陵; southern suburb of present-day Chengdu) four months later. Liu Bei was given the posthumous name Zhaolie. Liu Shan succeeded him as the emperor of Shu Han, while Zhuge Liang later solidified peace with Sun Quan and rebuilt the old Sun–Liu alliance against Cao Pi formally.
Appraisal
Chen Shou, once a subject of Shu and the historian who wrote Liu Bei's biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), appraised Liu Bei as follows:
Chang Qu, historian and compiler of the Chronicles of Huayang in the 4th-century later used by Pei Songzhi in his annotations to the historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) also gave his appraisal of Liu Bei:
However, the opinions of modern historians are more negative. As Rafe de Crespigny writes in Fire over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty 23–220 AD:
Rafe de Crespigny also gave a more neutral appraisal of Liu Bei in A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD):
Family and descendants
Empress Zhaolie, of the Gan clan ( 昭烈皇后甘氏;?–210)
Liu Shan (劉禪;207–271), first son
Empress Mu, of the Wu clan (穆皇后 吳氏，? -245)
Lady Mi, of the Mi clan (麋夫人 麋氏)
Lady Sun, of the Sun clan (孫夫人 孙氏)
Unknown:
Liu Yong, Prince of Ganling
Liu Li, Prince Dao of Anping
at least two daughters
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a 14th-century historical novel which romanticises the historical figures and events before and during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Written by Luo Guanzhong more than 1,000 years after the Three Kingdoms period, the novel incorporates many popular folklore and opera scripts into the character of Liu Bei, portraying him as a benevolent and righteous leader, endowed with charismatic potency (called de 德 in Chinese) who builds his state on the basis of Confucian values. This is in line with the historical background of the times during which the novel was written. Furthermore, the novel emphasises that Liu Bei was related, however distantly, to the imperial family of the Han dynasty, thus favouring another argument for the legitimacy of Liu Bei's reign.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms gives additional features Liu Bei's physical appearance. It mentions that Liu Bei is seven chi and five cun tall, with ears so large that they touch his shoulders and that he can even see them, long arms that extend beyond his knees, a fair and jade like face, and lips so red that it seems as though he is wearing lipstick. He wields a pair of double edged swords called shuang gu jian ().
See the following for some fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms involving Liu Bei:
Oath of the Peach Garden
Battle of Hulao Pass
List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#Three visits to the thatched cottage
List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#Liu Bei's horse leaps across the Tan Stream
List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#Liu Bei and Lady Sun's marriage
Battle of Xiaoting#In fiction
General worship of Liu Bei
Liu Bei is worshipped as the patron of shoemakers in Chengdu, which is also known as the "City of Shoes" as more than 80 million pairs of shoes totalling five billion yuan in sales are manufactured there annually. It is said that in 1845, during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor in the Qing dynasty, the shoemakers guild in Chengdu, who called themselves "disciples of Liu Bei", sponsored the construction of the Sanyi Temple in Liu Bei's honour. After being relocated many times, the temple can be found in Wuhou District today.
Since the Chinese government loosened its control on religious practices in recent years, the worship of Liu Bei among shoemakers has again gained popularity in Chengdu. In 2005, a large procession was carried out in front of the Sanyi Temple to commemorate Liu Bei — the first such event since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
A commentary carried by the Yangtse Evening Post criticised such practice as mere commercial gimmickry to exploit the fame of Liu Bei. It argued that although Liu Bei sold straw-woven shoes and mats for a living when he was young, he was hardly the inventor of shoes. According to legend, it was Yu Ze who made the first pairs of shoes with softwood during the time of the Yellow Emperor. However, the criticism did not dampen the enthusiastic shoe industry owners in their decision to erect a statue of Liu Bei in the West China Shoe Center Industrial Zone, which was still under construction in Wuhou District as of August 2005.
In popular culture
Film and television
Notable actors who have portrayed Liu Bei in films and television series include: Sun Yanjun in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1994); Chang Fu-chien in Guan Gong (1996); Elliot Ngok in Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon (2008); You Yong in Red Cliff (2008–09); Yu Hewei in Three Kingdoms (2010); Alex Fong in The Lost Bladesman (2011); Yan Yikuan in God of War, Zhao Yun (2016); Tony Yang in Dynasty Warriors (2019).
Card games
In the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering there is a card named "Liu Bei, Lord of Shu" in the Portal Three Kingdoms set. In the selection of hero cards in the Chinese card game San Guo Sha, there is also a "Liu Bei" card that players can select at the beginning of the game.
Video games
Liu Bei is featured as a playable character in all instalments of Koei's video game series Dynasty Warriors, as well as Warriors Orochi, a crossover between Dynasty Warriors and Samurai Warriors. He also appears in other Koei video game series such as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms series and Kessen II.
Liu Bei is the protagonist in Destiny of an Emperor, a RPG on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Released in the United States by Capcom in 1989, the game also loosely follows the plot of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Liu Bei's armour (based on the designs appearing in the Dynasty Warriors series) is available in the MMORPG MapleStory. Also featured are Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhuge Liang, Sun Quan, and Diaochan's designs.
Liu Bei is featured in the sequel to Level-5's game and anime Inazuma Eleven GO, Chrono Stone, as well as Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
Liu Bei is featured as a "monster" in Puzzle & Dragons as part of the Three Kingdoms God Series, along with the Two Qiaos, Cao Cao, Lü Bu, Guan Yu, and many others.
He is also featured as one of the available warlords that the player can choose from in Creative Assembly's game Total War: Three Kingdoms.
See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
List of Chinese monarchs
Notes
References
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi).
Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.
161 births
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Founding monarchs | [
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259903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewiston%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Lewiston (town), New York | Lewiston is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 15,944 at the 2020 census. The town and its contained village are named after Morgan Lewis, a governor of New York.
The Town of Lewiston is on the western border of the county. The Village of Lewiston is within the town.
History
The Town of Lewiston was formed in 1818 from the town of Cambria.
Government
The Town Supervisor is Steve Broderick and the Chief of Police is Frank Previte.
The Town Supervisor is considered the "Chief Fiscal Officer" for the Town. In this capacity, the officeholder oversees all finances as well as presiding at Town Board meetings, representing the Town for the Niagara County Water District, Niagara County Sewer District, Niagara Greenway Commission and Niagara Power Coalition. The Supervisor also serves as an ex-officio board member on various community organizations.
Five volunteer fire companies protect the Town of Lewiston. The Lewiston #1 (established 1914) and #2 (established 1942) fire companies, the Pekin Volunteer Fire Company (established 1932), the Sanborn Volunteer Fire Company, and the Upper Mountain Fire Company (established 1959).
Several federal, state, county and local law enforcement agencies protect the town. The United States Border Patrol is the federal agency. The New York State agencies are the New York State Police and the New York State Parks Police. The Niagara County Sheriff's Department assists the Lewiston Police Department which is the local authority.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 41.0 square miles (106.3 km2), of which 37.3 square miles (96.5 km2) is land and 3.8 square miles (9.7 km2) (9.16%) is water.
The Niagara River forms the western boundary of the town, which is an international border with Canada. The Town of Lewiston's southern border is with the City of Niagara Falls, NY, the Town of Niagara, NY, and the Town of Wheatfield, NY. The southern portion of the town also is on the top of the Niagara Escarpment. The eastern border of the town is at Townline Road which separates the Towns of Cambria and Lewiston. The northern border of the town is with the Towns of Porter and Wilson.
New York State Route 104 passes across the town as "Lewiston Road" on top of the Niagara Escarpment and "Ridge Road" below the Escarpment. There are three exits of Interstate 190 in Lewiston: exit 24 at Witmer Road New York State Route 31, exit 25A at Military Road New York State Route 265, and exit 25B for Route 104 and the Niagara Scenic Parkway.
Communities and locations within Lewiston
Bonds Lake County Park – a park in the northeast corner of the town.
Colonial Village – a hamlet by the south town line on Route 31 (Saunders Settlement Road).
Devil's Hole State Park – in the southwest corner of the town.
Dickersonville – a hamlet in the northeastern part of the town on Route 104 (Ridge Road).
Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park – a New York State Park on the eastern edge of the town.
Falcon Manor – a location on the south town line, east of Colonial Village.
Lewiston Heights – an upscale neighborhood built atop the Niagara Escarpment.
Model City – a hamlet on Route 104 (Lewiston Road).
Pekin – a hamlet on the eastern town line.
Lewiston Reservoir – a man-made , reservoir which stores water before being released into the forebay of the Robert Moses Power Station (also known as the Robert Moses Power Plant Reservoir).
Reservoir State Park – a park on the south shore of the reservoir and Route 265 (Military Road).
Sanborn – a hamlet originally called South Pekin that was later renamed Sanborn, after Ebenezer Sanborn, in 1866. It is in the southeast corner of the town on Route 429 (Cambria-Lewiston Town Line Road) and Route 31 (Saunders Settlement Road).
Tuscarora Reservation – a 9.3 mi2 (24.0 km2) reservation for the Tuscarora tribe (members of the Iroquois confederacy), east of the Reservoir, that lies entirely within the Town of Lewiston.
Village of Lewiston – a historic village in the western part of the town.
Adjacent cities and towns
Town of Porter - north
Town of Cambria - east
Town of Wheatfield - southeast
Town of Niagara - south
City of Niagara Falls - southwest
Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada - northwest
Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada - west
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,257 people, 5,882 households, and 4,252 families residing in the town. The population density was 436.2 people per square mile (168.4/km2). There were 6,147 housing units at an average density of 164.9/sq mi (63.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.98% White, 0.92% Black or African American, 0.67% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.
There were 5,882 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 14.2% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $50,819, and the median income for a family was $58,620. Males had a median income of $46,748 versus $26,848 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,275. About 4.3% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Affluence rating
In 2015, the Town of Lewiston was ranked the most affluent community in Niagara County and the eighth overall in Western New York. This ranking was based on raw statistics that came from the five-year version of the U.S. Census Bureau's 2013 American Community Survey, the latest source of official data at the local level. The categories ranged from basic measures (per capita income, median house value) to less familiar indicators (households with interest or dividend income, adults with advanced degrees).
Lewiston home to various business, sporting and entertainment venues, including:
New York Power Authority's Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant. This complex contains a raised reservoir, a pump-generating plant, and the hydroelectric power plant
Niagara Falls Country Club, a private country club and golf course, is located in the Lewiston Heights neighborhood of Lewiston, New York.
Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park, a 172-acre state park located in the Village of Lewiston that is a venue for summer musical entertainment, in addition to offering picnic tables and pavilions, fishing, hiking, nature trail, a performing arts theater, recreation programs and cross-country skiing.
Edwin Mellen Press, a Lewiston-based publishing house founded by religion scholar Herbert Richardson
Additionally, Lewiston has three museums:
The Lewiston Museum
Castellani Art Museum
Sanborn Historical Society Museum
Education
Universities
Niagara University is located near the border of the City of Niagara Falls
Niagara County Community College is located near the village of Sanborn in the Town of Cambria.
Public schools
The Towns of Lewiston and Youngstown are predominantly served by the Lewiston-Porter Central School District, located on Creek Road. As of June 2015, Lewiston-Porter enrolled 2,077 students in K-12 and had district expenditures of $42,234,808. In 2014 Lewiston-Porter Central School District was the highest ranked school district (including both public and private high schools) in Niagara Country, and 9th overall in Western New York, in terms of overall academic performance. In 2015, Lewiston-Porter was rated 10th best in Western New York and 2nd in Niagara Country, behind Starpoint Central School District.
Niagara-Wheatfield Central School District also serves the Town of Lewiston with Niagara-Wheatfield High School, Edward Town Middle School, Colonial Village Elementary School, and West Street Elementary School all physically located in the Town of Lewiston.
Private schools
Within the Town of Lewiston, there are also several private schools:
Stella Niagara Education Park, a Roman Catholic elementary school
Sacred Heart Villa School, a school
St. Peter's Roman Catholic School, a Roman Catholic elementary school
Infrastructure
Healthcare
There are several health-care facilities in the town. The Catholic Health-run Mount Saint Mary's Hospital (formed in 1907) is a six-floor facility that offers many differing kinds of high-level healthcare. It also includes the "EmStar" emergency health facility. Adjacent to Mt. St. Mary's is the Our Lady of Peace nursing home.
Transportation
Interstate 190 This interstate runs in the southwest part of town, from the Town of Niagara to its northern terminus in the Town of Lewiston at the Queenston-Lewiston Bridge which marks the Canada–US border, the highway continues as Ontario Highway 405.
New York State Route 18 (Creek Road), East-West (North-South Direction) Highway across the town roughly paralleling the Niagara Scenic Pkwy. from the Porter town line to its southern terminus at Lewiston Rd. (NY 104) just outside the Village of Lewiston.
New York State Route 18F (Lower River Road, Center Street (village)), North-South roadway through the town from the Porter town line through the Village of Lewiston to its southern terminus at NY 104/NY 18. This route roughly parallels the Lower Niagara River north of the Village of Lewiston north to the Town of Porter.
New York State Route 31 (Saunders Settlement Road), East-West Highway across the southern part of town from the Cambria town line to the Niagara town line just before the routes junction with Military Rd. (NY 265).
New York State Route 61 (Hyde Park Boulevard), North-South Roadway mostly in the City of Niagara Falls, but has a short distance in the southwest corner of town where the route has its northern end at Lewiston Rd. (NY 104).
New York State Route 265 (Military Road), North-South roadway through the town from the Niagara town line past the New York Power Authority Generating Plant to its northern terminus at Lewiston Rd. (NY 104).
New York State Route 429 (Townline Road, Buffalo Street), North-South roadway from the Wheatfield town line to its northern terminus in the town at Ridge Rd. (NY 429).
Niagara Scenic Parkway, North-South highway through the town from the Niagara Falls city line to the Porter town line.
In popular culture
Lewiston is the smallest city in the history of The Amazing Race to host the finish for an edition of this reality show; The Amazing Race: Family edition was completed there.
Notable people
References
External links
Town of Lewiston webpage
Historic Lewiston
Towns in New York (state)
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Towns in Niagara County, New York
Populated places established in 1818
1818 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockport%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Lockport (town), New York | Lockport is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 20,529 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from the series of canal locks on the Erie Canal. The locks lift boats from the lowland of Lake Ontario past the Niagara Escarpment.
The Town of Lockport is in the south-central part of the county and surrounds the City of Lockport.
History
Many early settlers were Quakers and helped make the area a bastion of anti-slavery. The Town of Lockport was established in 1824 from Cambria and Royalton, the same year the canal was completed up to the City of Lockport.
Cold Springs Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.7 square miles (115.8 km2), of which 44.6 square miles (115.6 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km2) (0.18%) is water.
The south border of the town is formed by Tonawanda Creek. The Erie Canal passes through the north part of the town and the City of Lockport. New York State Route 78 marks the west town line of Lockport.
Adjacent cities and towns
Town of Cambria - west
Erie County, Town of Clarence - south
Town of Pendleton - southwest
Town of Royalton - east
Town of Newfane - north
Town of Hartland - northeast
City of Lockport - Town surrounds the City of Lockport.
Major highways in the Town of Lockport
New York State Route 31 (Saunders Settlement Rd., Chesnut Ridge Rd., Rochester Rd.), east-west highway through the town from the Cambria town line through the City of Lockport to the Royalton town line.
New York State Route 77 (Chesnut Ridge Rd.), north-south roadway that begins at Chesnut Ridge Rd./Rochester Rd. intersection just outside the City of Lockport and continues through the town for a short distance before entering the Town of Royalton.
New York State Route 78 (Transit Rd., Lake Ave.), north-south Highway through the town from the Amherst town line through the City of Lockport north to the Newfane town line.
New York State Route 93 (Dysinger Rd., Robinson Rd., Lockport Bypass, Saunders Settlement Rd., Town Line Rd.), east-west roadway from the Royalton town line, through the town south of the city. The route then travels north on the western outskirts of the City of Lockport by the way of the Lockport Bypass onto Saunders Settlement Rd. (NY 31). The route then runs concurrently with NY 31 until NY 31's intersection with NY 270 where that route has its northern terminus. NY 93 then travels north at that intersection and onward into the Town of Cambria when NY 93 reaches NY 104.
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 20,529 people, 8,293 households, and 5,482 families residing in the town. There were 8,680 housing units. The racial makeup of the town was 91.1% White, 4.8% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.6% of the population.
(2000 Census) There were 7,537 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $45,977, and the median income for a family was $55,414. Males had a median income of $41,166 versus $25,810 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,194. About 6.5% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.
Notable natives
See City of Lockport
Communities and locations in the Town of Lockport
Carlisle Gardens () – A community bordering the east side of Lockport; primarily a residential neighborhood of detached, single family homes built in the 1920s. A typical neighborhood home is about 3 bedrooms, 1-1/2 baths approximately 1,500 sq. ft. Median age ca. 1925. Entry into the neighborhood is from Chestnut Ridge Road or Davison Road onto Windermere Road.
County Fair Grounds – North of the City of Lockport
Highland Park – A location north of the City of Lockport, next to the fair grounds
Nottingham Estates – A location east of the City of Lockport, and north of Route 31
Rapids – A hamlet on the south border of the town
Raymond () – A location northwest of Rapids
Ridge Lea – A location north of the City of Lockport
Shooktown () – A location east of the City of Lockport. The stretch of Akron Road from Lincoln Avenue northwest to the Lockport city line was settled by the Shook family approximately in the 1830s. The name began appearing on local maps in 1927, long after the last Shook owned property there, and was printed as late as 1978.
South Lockport – A community bordering the south side of the City of Lockport
Wrights Corners () – A hamlet on the north town line, located at the junction of NY 78 (Lockport-Olcott Road / Lake Avenue) and NY 104 (Ridge Road), partly in the Town of Newfane
City of Lockport – Located in the north-central part of the town
Lockport Mall – A former shopping mall located on Transit Road in South Lockport. As of 2007, the mall was all but vacant, and demolition began in April 2011. Demolition had been mostly completed but was halted on 9 June 2011, after finding a number of federally protected baby seagulls had been nesting the roof. All that remains of the former mall is The Bon-Ton department store. A new Walmart supercenter now lies on part of the former footprint of the mall.
References
External links
Town of Lockport webpage
"For Lockportians Anywhere In The World...It's The Road Home"
Towns in New York (state)
Erie Canal
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Towns in Niagara County, New York | [
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259905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockport%20%28city%29%2C%20New%20York | Lockport (city), New York | Lockport is both a city and the town that surrounds it in Niagara County, New York, United States. The city is the Niagara county seat, with a population of 21,165 according to 2010 census figures, and an estimated population of 20,305 as of 2019.
Its name derives from a set of Erie Canal locks (Lock Numbers 34 and 35) within the city that were built to allow canal barges to traverse the 60-foot natural drop of the Niagara Escarpment. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The New York State Legislature authorized the Erie Canal's construction in April 1816. The route proposed by surveyors was to traverse an area in central Niagara County, New York, which was then "uncivilized" and free of White settlers. At the time, the nearest settlers were in nearby Cold Springs, New York. Following the announcement, land speculators began to buy large plots along and near the proposed route of the canal. By December 1820, when the exact location of the step locks had been determined, the area that would become Lockport was owned by only fifteen men, many of whom were Quakers.
The canal reached Lockport in 1824, but the Flight of Five Locks were not completed until 1825. By 1829, Lockport was an established village. The community was centered on the locks, and consisted mainly of immigrant Scottish and Irish canal workers brought in as labor. The workers remained in Lockport after the completion of the locks, giving the city a heavy Celtic influence still discernible today, especially in the Lowertown and North Lockport neighborhoods.
The city of Lockport was incorporated in 1865.
The Erie Canal was supplanted by the larger New York State Barge Canal in 1918, and the famous south "Flight of Five" locks was replaced by two much larger locks E34 and E35. The north "Flight of Five" lock chambers still remain as a spill way.
In recent years, public officials and private businesses have made an effort to promote Lockport history as a regional or national tourist attraction. This includes the completion of the Canal Discovery Center, the Lockport Cave and Underground Boat Ride tour, and the Lockport Locks and Erie Canal Cruises. Local officials are seeking state grants to reconstruct the historic "Flight of Five" and make it a living history site complete with boat rides and reenactors. Published reports state that such a living history site in Lockport, marketed as a day trip from Niagara Falls, could draw thousands of tourists to Lockport each year.
The city has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places. They include the Bacon-Merchant-Moss House, Col. William M. and Nancy Ralston Bond House, Chase-Crowley-Keep House, Chase-Hubbard-Williams House, Nathan Comstock Jr. House, Conkey House, Day Peckinpaugh, Dole House, Gibbs House, High and Locust Streets Historic District, Hopkins House, House at 8 Berkley Drive, Lockport Industrial District, Lowertown Historic District, Maloney House, Benjamin C. Moore Mill, Niagara County Courthouse and County Clerk's Office, Thomas Oliver House, Pound–Hitchins House, Stickney House, Union Station, United States Post Office, Peter D. Walter House, Watson House, and White-Pound House.
Lockport's largest employer is General Motors Components, the former Harrison Radiator Corporation, which was founded locally in 1912 and which became a division of General Motors Corporation in 1918. After 10 years of ownership by Delphi Corporation as Delphi Thermal Systems, it returned to General Motors in October 2009.
In 1948, the Lockport Chief of Police denied a permit for a Jehovah's Witnesses minister to preach in a public park using a sound truck. In Saia v. New York, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the city ordinance as a violation of the First Amendment.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.6 square miles (22.4 km2), of which 8.5 square miles (22.1 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2) (1.39%) is water.
The Erie Canal passes through the center of the city, turning south toward Tonawanda Creek. It climbs the Niagara Escarpment through a series of two modern locks. Originally, a double set of five smaller combined locks were used.
Lockport is at the junction of several major truck routes, including NY Route 78 (Transit Road), NY Route 31, NY Route 77 and NY Route 93. It is 17 miles north of Interstate 90 via NY Route 78. The highest point is the bell tower at 452 High Street, with the street itself being the highest street as measured by frontage above the 650 feet elevation.
Lockport lies in the 716 Area Code.
Tourist attractions
The Lockport Locks and Erie Canal Cruises boat rides are offered on the Erie Canal, with one proceeding upward through the modern locks for a short cruise, and returning to pass downstream under two lift bridges and then returning to the docks.
The Lockport Erie Canal Museum is in an old lock control structure between the modern Locks 34 & 35 and the remaining original "Flight of Five" Locks spillway, and contains historic photographs, maps, engineering drawings and antique machinery.
The Canal Discovery Center is housed in an old church about 100 yards to the west of the locks.
Lockport has the widest bridge (399' wide x 129' long) in North America, which spans the canal to the southwest of the locks.
The Lockport Cave and Underground Boat Ride tour can be taken near the locks.
The Niagara County Historical Society, at 215 Niagara Street, is a complex of buildings that tell the story of Niagara County history.
100 American Craftsmen is an annual show of arts and crafts held at the Kenan Arena. The arena is on the historic Kenan Center campus.
Ida Fritz Park plays host to the Taste of Lockport every August and to a cruise night every Monday during the summer.
Lockport recently added a new ice rink for the Clarence Mustangs and Lockport Express (now defunct team in the North American 3 Hockey League) called Cornerstone Arena.
Demographics
At the 2010 census, there were 21,165 people, 9,153 households and 5,172 families residing in the city. There were 10,092 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 87.5% White, 7.2% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.2% of the population.
At the 2000 census, there were 9,459 households; 30.5% of households included children under the age of 18, 41.4% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.03.
25.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.
The median household income was $35,22, and the median family income was $44,614. Males had a median income of $35,197 and females $23,944. The per capita income was $19,620. About 11.7% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
Local politics
The city is governed by a mayor and a city council. The mayor is elected to a four-year term, the aldermen to two-year terms. There are five wards in the city, resulting in five aldermen plus one alderman-at-large, who is elected by the entire city. In 2003, Michael W. Tucker was elected mayor of the city of Lockport; he was subsequently reelected in 2007 and 2011. However, he resigned in 2014 instead of serving his third four-year term. City of Lockport Common Council President and 2nd Ward Alderwoman Anne McCaffrey replaced Tucker as interim mayor and was sworn in on February 24, 2014. She was later elected to a full four-year term that began in January 2016. She resigned and accepted the position as president and CEO of Eastern Niagara Hospital.
Education
Lockport City School District oversees all local public schools.
Anna Merritt Elementary School
Charles Upson Elementary School
George M. Southard Elementary School
Roy B. Kelley Elementary School
Emmet Belknap Intermediate School
Aaron Mossell Junior High School
Lockport High School
Lockport High School West
DeSales Catholic School is a local private elementary school within the regional Diocese of Buffalo. The school was named after St. Francis de Sales. Previously a high school, it now teaches classes from pre-school through eighth grade.
Notable people
Some people of note who were born in Lockport are:
Kim Alexis, supermodel
Walter Ransom Gail Baker, former vice president of General Electric, director of engineering for the Radio Manufacturers Association, founder of NTSC
Philip Baruth, writer and politician
George W. Batten, former New York State Treasurer
Holly Broadbent Sr., orthodontist
Lillian Bronson, film/TV character actress
Ellen Burrell, professor of mathematics at Wellesley College
Bernard Buzyniski, retired American Football League player
Helen Stuart Campbell, social reformer and home economist
Jerry Cook, race car driver
Francis R. Delano, banker, first warden of the Minnesota State Prison, first general superintendent of the St. Paul & Pacific Railway
Geoffrey Deuel, actor
Lyman Draper, secretary for the Wisconsin Historical Society, Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin
Ferrin Fraser, radio script writer for Little Orphan Annie and Frank Buck
Harold Huston George, general officer in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II
Lt Col William G. Gregory, astronaut (ret.) in the NASA Space Shuttle program
Katherine Hannigan, writer
Tommy Hicks, boxer
Alice Tisdale Hobart, novelist
William Leonard Hunt (1838–1929), also known by the stage name the Great Farini, tightrope performances at Niagara Falls, inventor of the "human cannonball"
James Jackson, Jr., former US Congressman, Mayor of Lockport
Sean Kugler, head coach for the UTEP Miners football team
William F. Leonard, Medal of Honor recipient
Duane Lyman, architect
Othniel Charles Marsh, 19th-century paleontologist, discovered and named many fossils found in the American West
Timothy McVeigh, convicted terrorist responsible for Oklahoma City Bombing
Stephanie Miller, nationally syndicated radio talk show host and daughter of William E. Miller
William E. Miller, 1964 vice presidential running mate of Barry Goldwater
William G. Morgan, inventor of volleyball
John Murphy, Buffalo Bills radio announcer
Edwin Griswold Nourse, economist
Joyce Carol Oates, author and professor
Frank C. Penfold, artist, teacher
Cuthbert W. Pound, former Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
John J. Raskob, DuPont and General Motors executive
John B. Raymond, delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives
Chris Sacca, tech start-up venture capitalist, former Head of Special Initiatives at Google
John Shulock, retired MLB umpire
Clip Smith, talk radio host
Mark Snell, retired professional soccer player, former coach
Brandon Stickney, journalist, author, and documentarian
Daren Stone, professional football player
Robert Thurston, science fiction writer
Jack White, race car driver
Charley Wood, amusement park developer
Brock Yates, automotive writer and author, senior editor of Car and Driver magazine, wrote story and scripts for movies The Cannonball Run and Smokey & the Bandit 2
Some people of note who have resided in Lockport are:
Maltbie Davenport Babcock, clergyman
John J. Bagley, former Governor of Michigan
Raphael Beck (1848–1947), artist, sculptor
John Beilein, former collegiate and professional basketball coach
John Black, former mayor of Milwaukee
William W. Campbell, former New York State Senator
Lot Clark, former US Congressman
Richard Crowley, former US Congressman
Oliver Dyer, first Congressional shorthand reporter
Brent Nicholson Earle, AIDS activist
Lewis Eaton, former US Congressman
Timothy E. Ellsworth, former New York State Senator
Thomas T. Flagler, former US Congressman
David Gibson, Canadian politician
Geoffrey Giuliano, author, actor and syndicated radio host
William G. Gregory, NASA astronaut
Herbert C. Harrison, sometimes credited with the invention of the modern honeycomb automobile radiator and founder of Harrison Radiator, now a part of General Motors' components division
William Hawley, Union Army Brigadier General
Birdsill Holly, inventor, credited with inventing the first integrated fire hydrant system along with 150 U.S. patents, many related to the Holly Steam Combination Company
Mark Hopkins, Jr., 1813–1878, lawyer and businessman who lived in Reynales Basin (east of Gasport in Niagara County) and later Lockport from c. 1829 to c. 1848; eventually became one of the "Big Four" of California (i.e. The Central Pacific Railroad) with partners Stanford, Crocker, and Huntington that was formed in 1861
Washington Hunt, former Governor of New York
Michael Huskey, Medal of Honor recipient
Tom Jolls, TV weatherman
William R. Kenan, Jr., businessman
Benajah Mallory, Upper Canada political figure
William E. Miller, American prosecutor at Nuremberg War-Crimes trials; member of United States House of Representatives 1951–1965; Republican National Committee Chairman 1961–1964; Republican Party Vice President nominee on 1964 Goldwater-Miller ticket; only practicing Catholic to be nominated for national office by the party until Paul Ryan in 2012; later starred in American Express "Do you know me?" commercials
Charles F. Mitchell, former US Congressman
Aaron Albert Mossell, first African American to graduate from the University of Pennsylvania Law School
Jeremy O'Day, retired CFL player
Chauncey Olcott, stage actor and songwriter, known for the ballad "When Irish Eyes Are Smiling"; Olcott spent summers as a youth in Lockport in an "Irish shanty" with his maternal grandmother
Charles Gilbert Peterson, former mayor and contractor
Gilbert Peterson, contractor of multiple waterworks and reservoirs projects along with expansion of the Erie Canal; superintendent of both the Western and Eastern divisions of the Erie Canal
Jesse Peterson, presidential elector and industrialist, president of the United Indurated Fibre Company
Lyman C. Pettit, founder and first president of the Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (now Eastern Nazarene College)
Thomas Stinson, Hamilton, Ontario, businessman
Burt Van Horn, former US Congressman
Thomas Wall, Wisconsin businessman and state legislator
Samuel Works, former New York State Senator
Notable businesses
Yahoo operates a large data center to the west of the city.
First Niagara Bank, founded in 1870 as Farmers & Mechanics Savings Bank, has grown to include branches throughout New York and Pennsylvania and, with the April 2011 acquisition of NewAlliance Bank based in New Haven, Connecticut, is one of the largest regional banks in the country.
General Motors, Lockport was founded in 1910 as the Harrison Radiator Company for the purpose of designing, manufacturing, and selling automotive radiators and components. Since that time the company has flourished into a lean manufacturing site that produces a wide array of Powertrain Cooling and HVAC components and systems. The company has historically been a significant employer of the local population and currently employs almost 1400 people.
The Palace Theatre a neoclassical theatre, was constructed by Charles Dickinson beginning in 1922 and opening July 18, 1925. During opening, Lock City Theater Company President A. Edmund Lee was quoted as saying it was "built not for the aristocracy, but for all the people.” It is designed with a mix of art deco and Italian Renaissance styles complete with wall and ceiling murals. The theatre underwent an interior redesign in 1936, with John Eberson as the architect. In 1969, the Palace Theatre closed its doors, and it stood vacant until it was bought by Granchelli Real Estate in 1972. Although there was talk of demolishing the theatre, the Palace reopened later that same year "under either direct or indirect management of the Dipson Theatres chain."The theatre underwent restorations in 1973, and it reopened in 1974. By 1999 profits started to dwindle as other businesses began to leave Lockport's downtown area and patrons became less frequent. Later that same year, "Curtain Up Productions" leased the space until 2003, when the theatre was sold to Historic Palace Theatre Inc., a community-based not-for-profit organization which has maintained its commitment to keeping the theatre active. In 2021, the Palace Theatre finished its most recent restoration project at a cost of $4.1 million, with "$600,000 coming through Lockport's Downtown Revitalization Initiative award."
See also
Erie Canal, with a description of the canal lock structures located here
Niagara Escarpment, an extensive and abrupt change in elevation which the Niagara river crosses, forming Niagara Falls
Lift bridge, illustrating bridges crossing the canal here
Lockport Cave
Lockport Fire Department
References
Peca, Paulette (2005), Lockport, Arcadia Publishing,
Notes
Further reading
External links
Cities in Niagara County, New York
County seats in New York (state)
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Erie Canal
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259906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorema%20Egregium | Theorema Egregium | Gauss's Theorema Egregium (Latin for "Remarkable Theorem") is a major result of differential geometry, proved by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1827, that concerns the curvature of surfaces. The theorem is that Gaussian curvature can be determined entirely by measuring angles, distances and their rates on a surface, without reference to the particular manner in which the surface is embedded in the ambient 3-dimensional Euclidean space. In other words, the Gaussian curvature of a surface does not change if one bends the surface without stretching it. Thus the Gaussian curvature is an intrinsic invariant of a surface.
Gauss presented the theorem in this manner (translated from Latin):
Thus the formula of the preceding article leads itself to the remarkable Theorem. If a curved surface is developed upon any other surface whatever, the measure of curvature in each point remains unchanged.
The theorem is "remarkable" because the starting definition of Gaussian curvature makes direct use of position of the surface in space. So it is quite surprising that the result does not depend on its embedding in spite of all bending and twisting deformations undergone.
In modern mathematical terminology, the theorem may be stated as follows:
Elementary applications
A sphere of radius R has constant Gaussian curvature which is equal to 1/R2. At the same time, a plane has zero Gaussian curvature. As a corollary of Theorema Egregium, a piece of paper cannot be bent onto a sphere without crumpling. Conversely, the surface of a sphere cannot be unfolded onto a flat plane without distorting the distances. If one were to step on an empty egg shell, its edges have to split in expansion before being flattened. Mathematically, a sphere and a plane are not isometric, even locally. This fact is significant for cartography: it implies that no planar (flat) map of Earth can be perfect, even for a portion of the Earth's surface. Thus every cartographic projection necessarily distorts at least some distances.
The catenoid and the helicoid are two very different-looking surfaces. Nevertheless, each of them can be continuously bent into the other: they are locally isometric. It follows from Theorema Egregium that under this bending the Gaussian curvature at any two corresponding points of the catenoid and helicoid is always the same. Thus isometry is simply bending and twisting of a surface without internal crumpling or tearing, in other words without extra tension, compression, or shear.
An application of the theorem is seen when a flat object is somewhat folded or bent along a line, creating rigidity in the perpendicular direction. This is of practical use in construction, as well as in a common pizza-eating strategy: A flat slice of pizza can be seen as a surface with constant Gaussian curvature 0. Gently bending a slice must then roughly maintain this curvature (assuming the bend is roughly a local isometry). If one bends a slice horizontally along a radius, non-zero principal curvatures are created along the bend, dictating that the other principal curvature at these points must be zero. This creates rigidity in the direction perpendicular to the fold, an attribute desirable for eating pizza, as it holds its shape long enough to be consumed without a mess. This same principle is used for strengthening in corrugated materials, most familiarly corrugated fiberboard and corrugated galvanised iron, and in some forms of potato chips.
See also
Second fundamental form
Gaussian curvature
Differential geometry of surfaces
Carl Friedrich Gauss#Theorema Egregium
Notes
References
External links
Theorema Egregium on Mathworld
Differential geometry
Differential geometry of surfaces
Riemannian geometry
Surfaces
Theorems in geometry
Carl Friedrich Gauss | [
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259907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfane%20%28CDP%29%2C%20New%20York | Newfane (CDP), New York | Newfane is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Newfane in Niagara County, New York, United States, along State Route 78. The population was 3,822 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Newfane is located at (43.285356, -78.701379).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12.1 km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,129 people, 1,130 households, and 820 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 670.3 per square mile (258.7/km2). There were 1,191 housing units at an average density of 255.1/sq mi (98.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.73% White, 0.67% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.16% Asian, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.
There were 1,130 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,924, and the median income for a family was $48,869. Males had a median income of $37,599 versus $23,702 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,709. About 8.0% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Census-designated places in Niagara County, New York | [
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259910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%20%28town%29%2C%20New%20York | Wilson (town), New York | Wilson is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 5,993 at the 2010 census. The town was named after an early settler, Reuben Wilson, who built and dwelt in a log cabin on the shore of Lake Ontario at the site of what would become the Village of Wilson.
The Town of Wilson is on the northern border of the county and contains a village, also called Wilson.
History
The Town of Wilson was established in 1818 from the town of Porter. The origin of the town name is Reuben Wilson, one of the earliest pioneers of the town.
The Morse Cobblestone Farmhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 51.5 square miles (133.3 km2), of which 49.5 square miles (128.3 km2) is land and 1.9 square miles (5.0 km2) (3.75%) is water.
The Town of Wilson is on the south shore of Lake Ontario.
North-south highway New York State Route 425 (Wilson-Cambria Road) intersects New York State Route 18 (Seaway Trail) in Wilson village.
Adjacent cities and towns
Town of Porter - west
Town of Lewiston - southwest
Town of Newfane - east
Town of Cambria - south
Lake Ontario - north
Major highways in the Town of Wilson
New York State Route 18 (Lake Rd., Creek Rd.), East-West Highway across the north part of town roughly paralleling Lake Ontario from Porter town line to the Newfane town line.
New York State Route 93 (Youngstown-Lockport Rd.), East-West roadway through the southwest part of town from the Cambria town line to the Porter town line.
New York State Route 425 (Cambria-Wilson Rd.), (Lake Street), North-South roadway through the town from its northern terminus with NY 18 to the Cambria town line.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,840 people, 2,224 households, and 1,672 families residing in the town. The population density was 117.9 people per square mile (45.5/km2). There were 2,438 housing units at an average density of 49.2/sq mi (19.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.57% White, 0.38% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.
There were 2,224 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $44,557, and the median income for a family was $47,180. Males had a median income of $40,750 versus $23,494 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,654. About 3.4% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.
Nearby locations
Coolidge Beach – A shoreline hamlet west of Roosevelt Beach
Dorwood Park – A location west of South Wilson.
East Wilson – A hamlet near the eastern town line on Chestnut Road.
Elberta – A hamlet in the western part of the town south of Wilson village.
Hollands International Airport (85N) – A small grass strip general aviation airport, located near the eastern town line. It is used for parachute jumping.
Hopkins Beach – A shoreline hamlet near the western county line.
Pleasant Corners – A hamlet on NY-425 at Braley Road.
Roosevelt Beach – A shoreline hamlet west of Wilson village.
South Wilson – A hamlet south of Wilson village on the Cambria-Wilson Road (NY-425).
Sunset Beach – A shoreline hamlet on the west side of Wilson village.
Twelve Mile Creek – A stream that flows into Lake Ontario at the Wilson-Tuscarora State Park, west of Wilson village.
Wilson – The Village of Wilson is on the Lake Ontario shore at the junction of routes NY-18 and NY-425.
Wilson-Tuscarora State Park – A lakeside park west of Wilson village.
Woodland Heights – A lakeside hamlet near the northeast part of the town.
References
External links
Town and Village of Wilson webpage
Wilson Central School's website
Library holdings of books, maps, etc, relating to the Town and Village of Wilson
Library holdings of books, etc, relating to Wilson, NY, schools (Wilson Central School District and its predecessors: Wilson Collegiate Institute, Wilson Union School, etc.)
Towns in New York (state)
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Towns in Niagara County, New York
Populated places on Lake Ontario in the United States | [
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259911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boonville%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Boonville (village), New York | Boonville is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 2,072 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Gerrit Boon, an agent of the Holland Land Company.
The Village of Boonville is within the Town of Boonville in the northern part of Oneida County, north of Utica.
History
The first settlement, initiated by Gerrit Boon from Leiden, the Netherlands, was made in 1795. The village was incorporated in 1855. The original name of the community, provided by Boon, was "Kortenaer" (after Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer, a Dutch admiral).
Andrew Edmunds was credited with being the founder of Boonville. Edmunds had arrived with Garrit Boon, who is believed to be the first to attempt permanent settlement in Boonville in the spring of 1795. Both men arrived together, constructed a sawmill on Mill Creek, only for it to be completely destroyed by fire when adding a gristmill. As winter approached, Boon and Edmunds relocated to Barneveld to return in the spring to rebuild the saw mills and welcome other settlers on behalf of the land company.
In 1812 or 1819 the Hulbert House was established and currently stands on the town square in Boonville. This inn is known as the first two-story building to be built in the village of Boonville. Although, historians disagree as to which year the Hulbert House was built, they agree that it was built by Ephraim Owens.
In the 1800s it is said to have been the most famous hotel between Erie Canal and the St. Lawrence River. The Hulbert House was originally built as a hotel and inn and has the same functions in current day. The Hulbert House welcomes travelers for breakfast, lunch, dinner or a relaxing overnight stay. While it has changed ownership throughout the years, the Hulbert House is still continuing its tradition which began over 180 years ago.
In the 1830s to the 1850s the Black River Canal was designed and constructed to connect the Erie Canal(Barge) to the Black River from Rome to Boonville - a distance of 25 miles. This section, connecting Rome and Boonville, is known as the Southern section of the overland canal. It's constructed of 70 locks to lift the boats and water 693 feet. The Northern section of the overland canal connected Boonville and Lyons Falls, 10 miles in distance and requiring 39 locks to descend the boats and water 386 feet. In all, the Black River Canal had 109 locks and is still a world record.
The Black River Canal had a vital role in the livelihood of the North Countries growth and prosperity, giving it access to Eastern and Midwestern markets to help preserve, house, and display artifacts from the canal era. A museum was constructed. The museum is located on a site formerly occupied by Titus Powers Iron Works, built circa 1850 near the Main Street Bridge. Later this site became the Holdrige and Gilbert Foundry and Machine Shop.
In 1933, a significant clash occurred between the state police and farmers here.
In 1983, a tornado ripped through Boonville.
In 2004, Ethan Allen Interiors, a major employer in the village, closed down leaving many residents looking for work.
The Boonville Historic District, Erwin Library and Pratt House, Black River Canal Warehouse, Five Lock Combine and Locks 37 and 38, Black River Canal, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
Boonville is located at (43.483201, -75.331945).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.6 km2), all land.
Boonville is at the convergence of NYS Route 12, NYS Route 12D, NYS Route 46 and NYS Route 294.
The geographic region is called the Tug Hill Plateau.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,138 people, 877 households, and 537 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,202.0 people per square mile (463.8/km2). There were 960 housing units at an average density of 539.7 per square mile (208.2/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 99.49% White, 0.05% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.23% of the population.
There were 877 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $29,013, and the median income for a family was $36,050. Males had a median income of $28,583 versus $22,219 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,870. About 8.8% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.
Recreation
The NYS Woodsmen's Field Days is held annually, rain or shine, on the third full weekend in August. This event includes forestry exhibits, fireworks, greased pole climb, lumberjack and lumberjill contest, woods craftsmen and it's all kicked off with the Woodsmen's Parade. Contestants travel from as far away as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to compete in the Lumberjack festivals.
The Woodsmen's Field Days is a nonprofit organization founded by Rev. Frank Reed in 1948, designed to cast light on the forestry industry in general. This Field Days has a variety of exhibits and demonstrations targeting both the professional logger and the average firewood cutter. With the help of many interested volunteers the Field Days has evolved into one of the leading lumberjack contest in the United States.
The Boonville Snow Festival held annually in late January consist of vintage snowmobile races, ice sculptures, parade, and fireworks. Local area businesses join in on the Festival of Lights sponsored by the Boonville Chamber of Commerce. Vendors, concessionaires and warming huts are available during the festival. It's encouraged to wear a crazy or outrageous hat to show your spirit for the Boonville Snow Festival.
References
External links
Village of Boonville, NY
"What's Happening in Boonville, New York" on Facebook
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Oneida County, New York | [
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259912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boonville%2C%20New%20York | Boonville, New York | Boonville is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The town is in the northeastern section of the county. The population was 4,555 at the 2010 census. The town includes a village, also called Boonville. The town and village are named after Gerrit Boon, an agent of the Holland Land Company. The current mayor is Eric McIntyre.
History
The town was first settled circa 1795. The Town of Boonville was created in 1805 from the Town of Leyden.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 72.6 square miles (188.0 km2), of which 71.9 square miles (186.2 km2) is land and 0.7 square mile (1.8 km2) (0.95%) is water.
The northern town line is the border of Lewis County, and the eastern town boundary is the Black River.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,572 people, 1,781 households, and 1,209 families residing in the town. The population density was 63.6 people per square mile (24.5/km2). There were 2,138 housing units at an average density of 29.7 per square mile (11.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.21% White, 0.07% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.
There were 1,781 households, of which 31.3% had children under 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size 2.98.
In the town, the population was 24.5% under 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% age 65 or older. The median age was 39. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.
The median income for a household was $36,744, and the median for a family $40,845. Males had a median income of $30,992 versus $21,362 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,704. About 8.2% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.1% of those under 18 and 9.9% of those 65 or over.
Recreation
Boonville is a snowmobile tourist destination and has revitalized the Snow Festivals. Consequently, it has accepted the nickname "The Snow Capital of the East." In 2008 more than 6,000 people traveled to the Oneida County Fairgrounds in Boonville to watch vintage and professional snowmobile races on a half-mile oval ice track. In 2013 over 44,000 people visited the fairgrounds to attend the annual Woodsmen's Field Days, setting a record for attendance.
The fairgrounds in Boonville are also home of Oneida County Fair and the Woodsman Field Days.
The former Black River Canal was constructed to connect to the Erie Canal.
Communities and locations in the Town of Boonville
Alder Creek - A hamlet at the junction of state routes 12 and 28.
Alder Creek Station - A location in the southeastern part of the town, west of Alder Creek.
Boonville - The Village of Boonville is on NY 12 at 12D.
Hawkinsville - A hamlet east of Boonville village, near the Black River.
Hurlbutville - A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town.
Jackson Hill - An elevation located south of Boonville.
Park Hill - An elevation located east of Boonville.
Pixley Falls - A waterfall located within Pixley Falls State Park.
Pixley Falls State Park - Located on NY 46 several miles south of the Village of Boonville and adjacent to Hurlbutville.
Potato Hill - An elevation located southeast of Boonville.
Sperry Hill - An elevation located east of Boonville.
Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Boonville has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
References
External links
Boonville Area Chamber of Commerce
Facebook
Town of Boonville, NY Website
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Oneida County, New York | [
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259913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater%20%28CDP%29%2C%20New%20York | Bridgewater (CDP), New York | Bridgewater is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 470 at the 2010 census.
The hamlet is within the Town of Bridgewater at the junction of U.S. Route 20 and N.Y. Route 8. It was an incorporated village from 1825 to 2014.
History
The village was incorporated in 1825. The Unadilla Valley Railroad had its northern terminus at Bridgewater. An extensive tannery was last run by the Hiteman Leather Co. in the neighboring town of West Winfield (Herkimer County) and more recently was a superfund cleanup site, also in West Winfield.
The Brick Store Building and Bridgewater Railroad Station are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
On March 18, 2014, voters approved a referendum by a vote of 40 to 8 to dissolve the village on December 31, 2014. As of January 1, 2015, the Town of Bridgewater assumed responsibility for the area of the former village.
Geography
Bridgewater is located at (42.8793, -75.2505).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the hamlet has a total area of 0.6 square mile (1.6 km2), all land.
The hamlet is at the border of Madison and Otsego counties.
Bridgewater is at the intersection of U.S. Route 20 and NY 8.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 579 people, 204 households, and 151 families residing in what was then a village. The population density was 943.7 people per square mile (366.5/km2). There were 221 housing units at an average density of 360.2 per square mile (139.9/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.45% White, 0.69% Black or African American, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.90% of the population.
There were 204 households, out of which 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 34.0% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $27,788, and the median income for a family was $28,409. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $21,071 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,995. About 11.3% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 18.0% of those age 65 or over.
Notable person
Asher Tyler, former U.S. Congressman
See also
Bridgewater Railroad Station
References
Former villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Oneida County, New York
Populated places disestablished in 2014 | [
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259914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater%2C%20New%20York | Bridgewater, New York | Bridgewater is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,522 at the 2010 census.
The Town of Bridgewater is on the southern border of the county. The town has a former village called Bridgewater near the southern town line. The town and hamlet were named after the Duke of Bridgewater.
History
The first settlement took place circa 1788. The Town of Bridgewater was formed from the Town of Sangerfield in 1797.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.9 square miles (61.8 km), all land. U.S. 20 crosses the southern part of the town, where it intersects NY 8.
The southern town line is the border of Madison and Otsego counties. The eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County.
Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 1,671 people, 596 households, and 454 families in the town. The population density was 70.1 people per square mile (27.1/km). There were 639 housing units at an average density of 26.8 per square mile (10.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was 97.31% White, 0.78% Black or African American, 0.78% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02%.
Of the 596 households 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 19.5% of households were one person and 7.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.12.
The age distribution was 31.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.
The median household income was $30,724 and the median family income was $33,750. Males had a median income of $29,074 versus $20,956 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,875. About 7.9% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Bridgewater
Babcock Hill – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town.
Bridgewater – A hamlet on US Route 20 near the southern town line. It was an incorporated village, but dissolved in 2014.
Hobin Corners – A hamlet near the western town line on US Route 20.
Mapledale – A hamlet near the center of the town.
North Bridgewater – A hamlet in the northern part of the town on NY Route 8.
Tassel Hill – Highest point in Oneida County. Located in the southern part of the town, on the borders of Marshall, Paris, and Sangerfield, townships.
References
External links
Town of Bridgewater, NY
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Oneida County, New York | [
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259915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Camden (village), New York | Camden is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 2,231 at the 2010 census.
The Village of Camden is located inside the Town of Camden at the intersection of Routes NY-13 and NY-69.
History
The W.H. Dorrance House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
Geography
Camden is located at (43.338072, -75.746074).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.3 square miles (5.9 km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,330 people, 920 households, and 598 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,030.9 people per square mile (398.1/km2). There were 1,000 housing units at an average density of 442.4 per square mile (170.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.30% White, 0.39% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.
There were 920 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $30,767, and the median income for a family was $39,063. Males had a median income of $31,736 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,303. About 10.3% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 19.1% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Lorimer Rich, the architect who designed the Tomb of the Unknowns in Washington, D.C., was born in Camden on October 24, 1891 and lived there from 1971 until his death in 1978.
Todd Gordon, Former NASCAR Championship winning crew chief and current radio announcer.
References
External links
Camden History Video
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Oneida County, New York | [
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259916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden%2C%20New%20York | Camden, New York | Camden is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 4,934 at the 2010 census.
The town of Camden contains a village also called Camden. The town is in the northwestern part of Oneida County and is northwest of the City of Rome.
History
The first settlement took place circa 1792. The town was formed from the Town of Mexico in 1799. Camden is home to International Wire, which is its largest employer. The town has only two stop lights, with the second one installed in 1999.
The population of Camden in 1800 was 354.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.1 square miles (140.2 km2), of which 54.0 square miles (139.9 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.3 km2) (0.22%) is water.
The town is north-northwest of Oneida Lake. The western town line is the border of Oswego County.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,028 people, 1,881 households, and 1,346 families residing in the town. The population density was 93.1 people per square mile (35.9/km2). There were 2,020 housing units at an average density of 37.4 per square mile (14.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.11% White, 0.38% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.
There were 1,881 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $39,035, and the median income for a family was $44,402. Males had a median income of $31,940 versus $22,730 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,644. About 9.5% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.
Schools
The Camden school district is the second largest geographically in New York state. It includes not only the town of Camden itself, but also part or all of the towns of Annsville, Florence, Osceola, and Vienna.
Elementary students in the Camden school district attend one of three schools:
Camden Elementary in the village of Camden, and
McConnellsville Elementary in the town of Vienna.
All of these students proceed to and Camden High School.
Forest Park
Location: Forest Park is located in Camden, off Route 13. The park starts at Ripley Drive and continues to complete a 1.75 mile lap. Emmons Brook and Cob Brook run through the park. The park is closed to everyone except skiers during the winter due to the paths being stocked with snow. Forest Park also contains an apartment building and a cemetery.
History: Forest Park was once owned and named after Mr. Alva Raymond. Before the park was owned by Raymond, the woodland area belonged to the Ransom Estate and before that it was owned by Mr Daniel Parke; both were pioneers in Camden's development. The first purchase of the park consisted of sixty-two acres in 1891. The second purchase in 1897 consisted of forty acres. The price as a whole ultimately totaled twenty-four hundred dollars. The park now consists of 117 acres and has many more pavilions.
Attractions: Most of Camden's residents visit the park during the spring and summer months. The park is an area for many leisure activities “this 117 acre park is known for its miles of paved roads for walking, jogging, and biking”. The park is also home to summer picnics, family reunions and is also a hot spot for photographers. Many graduation parties and church events are held at the park as well.
Forest Park Cemetery: Forest Park Cemetery is located about a half of a mile south of Camden across from Oneida Savings Bank. Mrs. Clarissa Ranson and her husband bought the first plot in 1840. There has been a record kept of all burials in the cemetery since 1845. Many of the bodies were transferred from old Protestant cemeteries in 1876.
Communities and locations in the Town of Camden
Camden – The Village of Camden is at the junction of NY 13 and NY 69.
Hillsboro – A hamlet west of Camden village.
Preston Hill – A location south of Camden village.
Westdale – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
Notable People
Todd Gordon, former NASCAR crew chief and radio announcer.
Lynn Lovenguth, baseball player.
References
External links
Camden History Video
Camden information
Information about Camden, NY - The Queen Village
History of Camden, NY
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Oneida County, New York | [
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259917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Hartford%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | New Hartford (village), New York | For other places with this name, see New Hartford (disambiguation).
New Hartford is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,847 at the 2010 census. The name was provided by early settlers from New Hartford, Connecticut.
The Village of New Hartford is inside the Town of New Hartford, near the border with Utica.
History
The village was founded in 1789 by the construction of a log cabin by the Sanger family, who later constructed mills nearby. The village was a commercial success, until the opening of the Erie Canal gave Utica a big advantage.
The village of New Hartford was incorporated in 1869.
The village Fire Department was started in 1901. The NHFD provides fire protection and advanced life support emergency medical service to the village and portions of the town of New Hartford. These communities are served by an active corps of 98 volunteer firefighters. Based on dispatch records, it is the busiest volunteer fire department in Oneida County.
There are a few houses along Oxford Road that were used to hide slaves on the Underground Railroad.
St. Stephen's Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
Geography
New Hartford is located at (43.069169, -75.28846).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,886 people, 857 households, and 501 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,087.0 people per square mile (1,193.8/km2). There were 901 housing units at an average density of 1,474.8 per square mile (570.3/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.98% White, 0.69% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.
There were 857 households, out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.5% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.7 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $43,563, and the median income for a family was $56,406. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $27,139 for females. The per capita income for the village was $23,177. About 3.2% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of New Hartford
History of New Hartford village and area
New Hartford Fire Department
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Oneida County, New York | [
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259918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Hartford%2C%20New%20York | New Hartford, New York | New Hartford is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 22,166. The name of New Hartford was provided by a settler family from Hartford, Connecticut.
The Town of New Hartford contains a village named New Hartford. New Hartford is the largest suburb of Utica, which is located directly north of the town and village.
History
New Hartford was settled in March 1788 when Jedediah Sanger, who was bankrupted in 1784 by a fire at his farm in Jaffrey, New Hampshire moved to the area.
Sanger Land Purchase
Common history
According to the earliest recorded history (Annals and Recollections of Oneida County, Jones, 1851), Sanger bought of land at a price of fifty cents an acre. This land, thought to be separated into two equal parts by the Sauquoit Creek, was part of the Town of Whitestown at the time. Within a year, Sanger sold the area east of the creek to Joseph Higbee, the areas' second resident, for one dollar per acre. A subsequent survey found this area was .
Possible inaccuracy
This narrative of a 1000-acre purchase by Sanger for $500 and the ensuing resale to Higbee of half the land for $500 (a 100% profit) is repeated in The History of Oneida County, New York by Samuel W. Durant, 1878 which used the Jones' Annals of 1851 as a primary reference. The story was expressed in an address at the 1888 New Hartford Centennial by Henry Hurlburt, again citing Jones' Annals as his source. It is again repeated in Our County and Its People: A Descriptive Work on Oneida County, New York, Wager, 1896.
However, a footnote in Transactions of the Oneida Historical Society at Utica, New Hartford Centennial, 1889, which documented the 1888 centennial, questions the validity of the story through research of property deed records. The footnote cites one deed for the sale of four 492 acre lots from John G. Leake to Sanger in November 1790 for approximately $1.16 per acre (US dollars were not the currency in use at the time), and another deed shows the sale of one of the four lots to Higbee in December 1791 for approximately $1.06 per acre. Also listed is a deed conveying to Sanger from George Washington and George Clinton for $1.27 per acre in 1790. From the recorded deeds, the land Sanger sold to Hibgee was sold for slightly less than the price originally paid by Sanger.
In spite of the research done in 1889, the original story is popularly told. This version can be found at the Town of New Hartford website and is attributed to the New Hartford Historical Society:
"Sanger traveled to Philadelphia and purchased of land at $.50 per acre on credit from George Washington and George Clinton. The following year he shrewdly sold a little over half the land on the east side of the Sauquoit Creek to Joseph Higbee (Higby) at $1.00 per acre."
Other land
Present-day New Hartford covers over in area, considerably more than that contained in Sanger's original purchases. Sanger's purchase had been part of the Coxe Patent, land purchased directly from the colonial government of New York.
Other portions of New Hartford is made up of land from the following Patents:
Bayard Patent, deeded on June 12, 1771, to William Bayard, Alexander Ellis, and fifty-three others
Sadaqueda (Sauquoit) Patent, deeded on June 25, 1736, to Fredrick Morris, Lendert Gasenvoort and others
Cosby's Manor, deeded on January 2, 1734, to Joseph Worrell and 10 others
Coxe Patent, deeded on May 30, 1770, to William Coxe, Daniel Coxe, Rebecca Coxe, John Tabor Kempe and his wife Grace (Coxe). Daniel, William, and Rebecca were the children of Daniel Coxe, Jr. and grandchildren of Daniel Coxe
Kempe was Attorney General of New York at the time and remained loyal to England during the Revolution. As a loyalist, his property was confiscated after the war and the Coxe patent was divided with General George Washington, General DeWitt Clinton, and Colonel Marinus Willett owning large parts of the patent.
Early settlers
In 1789, Sanger relocated his family to the settlement and erected a sawmill. A gristmill was added in 1790. Both mills utilized the water of the Sauquoit for power.
Another early settler was General Oliver Collins (1762-1838), Connecticut native, Revolutionary War veteran and father of future Congressman Ela Collins. Collins settled a farm in the area then known as Middle Settlement in 1789 and resided there until his death. Shortly after arriving, he was commissioned Captain in the local militia and rose to the rank of Brigadier-general at the time of the War of 1812. Eli Butler arrived from Middletown, Connecticut, also in 1789.
John French (1766-1839) arrived from New Hampshire in 1792 and settled another farm, as did Colonel Nathan Seward (1758-1815) of Connecticut, also a Revolutionary War veteran.
Other settlers included Nathan Seward, Ashbel Beach, Amos Ives, Solomon Blodget, Salmon Butler, Joel Blair, Agift Hill, Stephen Bushnell, Joseph Jennings.
Captain David Risley, Revolutionary War veteran and brother Allen Risley, and Truman and Webster Kellogg settled in the area that is now the hamlet of Washington Mills.
There were two families named Olmstead, and a Seymour, Hurlburt, Kilborn, and Montague. More settlers from Connecticut were Henry Blackstone, Zenas Gibbs, Ashbel Tylor, and Nehemiah Ensworth (from Canterbury), all arriving in 1791. The first child born to the settlers was Uriel H. Kellogg.
Civic formation
Thirty-nine years after Sanger arrived, the Town of New Hartford was created on April 12, 1827, formed from the Town of Whitestown. Whitestown originally contained all of New York state west of Herkimer, and was subsequently split into many counties and towns with New Hartford being the last. The legislative act was entitled "An Act to Divide the Town of Whitestown, in the County of Oneida." The early settlers had adopted the name New Hartford for the settlement, and the name was retained for the town.
The first town meeting was held on April 24, 1827, and the following positions were filled: Town supervisor, Town Clerk, Assessors (3), Commissioner of Highways (3), Overseers of the Poor (2), Collector, Commissioners of Common Schools (3), Inspectors of Schools (3).
Seven years later, the town was enlarged, with a piece of the Town of Kirkland by legislative act on April 26, 1834.
The legislature passed an act on November 22, 1855, transferring a small part of New Hartford, Westmoreland, and Whitestown to Kirkland, enabling the hamlet of Clark Mills to be contained entirely within Kirkland instead of being partly within four different towns.
Village of New Hartford
The Village of New Hartford was incorporated in 1870, from approximately of the town by a vote of 32 to 9. On December 21, 1871, the area of the village east of the Sauquoit Creek was reverted to the town.
Early manufacturing and commerce
Many manufacturing ventures started in New Hartford after its settlement and throughout the 19th century.
Carpets: Ingrain carpets were made on the first ingrain loom in the state by an Englishman named Butterfield. Ingrain carpets are a reversible, flat weave carpet popular from the 18th century to the early 20th century. This form of carpeting has no pile and the pattern is shown in opposing colors on both faces, making it possible to turn the carpet over when one side was worn or soiled.
Nails: The first cut nails made in the state were produced by Jonathan Richardson, who purchased wine and liquor casks and made cut nails from the iron hoops of the casks.
Tanneries were established by Thomas and Ezekiel Williams, and another by Stephen Childs.
Paper and Textiles: Factories were established for the production of paper, batting, cotton cloth, and knitted fabric.
The earliest manufacturing operations were concentrated along the Sauquoit Creek and utilized water as the primary power source. The power of the creek was the reason that New Hartford had such extensive manufacturing operations for a town of its size. Business in New Hartford exceeded that of Utica due to the water power of the creek. Most factories later transitioned to steam power.
Another boon to the economy of New Hartford was the Seneca Turnpike, a toll road connecting Utica to the western part of the state. The Seneca Road Company was formed in 1800 to improve the main road running west from Utica, NY and operate it as a toll road or turnpike. The original road ran north of New Hartford, but Jedediah Sanger purchased stock in the company and through his influence, the turnpike was routed through New Hartford. The turnpike traffic made New Hartford prosper, outstripping other towns in the area and rivaling neighboring Utica until the Erie Canal was constructed through Utica, removing most cross-state traffic from New Hartford. Utica then grew into a large city and New Hartford continues to this day to be a suburb.
Education
New Hartford is served by the New Hartford Central School District.
Elementary schools
Bradley Elementary School
E.R. Hughes Elementary School
Robert E. Myles Elementary School
Middle schools
Ralph W. Perry Junior High School
High schools
New Hartford Senior High School
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (0.39%) is water.
The eastern town line is formed by the boundaries of the towns of Litchfield and Frankfort in Herkimer County.
New Hartford has become the retail mecca of Oneida County, offering multiple strip malls and an enclosed mall within the town and village limits. The retail includes; The Orchard, Consumer Square, New Hartford Shopping Center, Sangertown Square Mall, with additional free standing shops.
Historic Places
The following is listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
St. Stephen's Church
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 21,172 people, 8,601 households, and 5,625 families residing in the town. The population density was 834.1 people per square mile (322.1/km2. There were 9,084 housing units at an average density of 357.9 per square mile 138.2/km2. The racial makeup of the town was 96.03% White, 0.80% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 2.34% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.
There were 8,601 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $45,991, and the median income for a family was $60,843. Males had a median income of $40,046 versus $28,532 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,528. About 3.4% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
42% of New Hartford residents ages 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree.
Communities and locations in New Hartford
Chadwicks – A hamlet near the southern town line.
New Hartford – A village in the eastern part of the town.
Washington Mills – A hamlet south of New Hartford village on NY 8.
New York Mills – A village north of New Hartford village approximately one-third within the town and the remainder within the town of Whitestown.
Notable people
William John Murphy, born in 1839. Murphy is the founder of the city of Glendale, Arizona.
Andy Van Slyke, born December 21, 1960, in Utica, New York) raised in New Hartford, is a retired Major League Baseball outfielder and former first base coach for the Detroit Tigers. He is currently the first base coach for the Seattle Mariners.
Waleed Abdalati, raised in New Hartford, Class of 1982, served as NASA Chief Scientist and is Currently Director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado in Boulder.
Joe Bonamassa, (born May 8, 1977) is an American blues rock guitarist and singer.
Chuck Garvey and Al Schnier are guitarists in the jam band moe.
Henry Palmer, born in 1827. Palmer was a surgeon in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Frederick S. Martin, former US Congressman.
James Wilson Seaton, Wisconsin lawyer and legislator.
Claudia Tenney, lawyer, publisher, commentator and politician.
Mike Zalewski, professional hockey player in the NHL.
Joel de la Fuente, actor.
Steven Zalewski, professional hockey player in the NHL.
Derek Bard, professional golfer, currently on the PGA Tour Latinoamérica.
Roswell B. Mason, Mayor of Chicago during the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.
Maria Van Kerkhove, an infectious disease epidemiologist who is the technical lead of the COVID-19 response and the head of the emerging diseases and zoonosis unit at the World Health Organization (WHO).
References
External links
Town of New Hartford, NY
New Hartford CSD - District Home
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
1827 establishments in New York (state)
Populated places established in 1827
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259919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remsen%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Remsen (village), New York | Remsen is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 508 at the 2010 census.
The Village of Remsen is in the southwestern part of the Town of Remsen.
The Remsen Barn Festival of the Arts (FOTA) is held in late September. The first Barn Festival was in 1980. Thousands of visitors attend this yearly event on Main street.
The Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad (MHWA) Railroad crosses the town. The Adirondack Scenic Railroad utilizes the MHWA's trackage from Utica to just north of the village, diverting onto its own trackage (former NYC Adirondack Division)
History
Oneida County was formed and Remsen Township was organized on March 15, 1798. The Village of Remsen was incorporated in 1845. Remsen Township was divided and the Town of Forestport was formed on November 24, 1869.
Geography
Remsen is located at (43.327589, -75.186734).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.4 square mile (1.0 km2), all land. Cincinnati Creek flows through the village from north to south.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 531 people, 202 households and 136 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,431.9 per square mile (554.1/km2). There were 229 housing units at an average density of 617.5 per square mile (239.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.18% White, 0.75% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.75% Asian, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.19% of the population.
There were 202 households, of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no male present, and 32.2% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.12.
27.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.
The median household income was $29,485 and the median family income was $32,625. Males had a median income of $27,083 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,625. About 17.5% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Village of Remsen, NY
RW&O Railroad, Remsen, NY
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Villages in Oneida County, New York
Welsh-American culture in New York (state) | [
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259920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remsen%2C%20New%20York | Remsen, New York | Remsen is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,929 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Henry Remsen, an early settler. The Town of Remsen contains a village also named Remsen. The town is north of the city of Utica.
History
Remsen was named for Henry Remsen II, the original proprietor of the township and the inheritor of the Remsenburgh patent, which embraced some in Oneida and Herkimer counties and was granted in 1766 (later regranted by the Legislature in 1787) to Remsen and four other New York merchants. Remsen, a New York City merchant and owner of Henry Remsen Jr. & Co., was the descendant of some of the earliest Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam.
The town was first settled around 1792, when Barnabas Mitchell of Meriden, Connecticut settled in the area and began clearing a farm which was subsequently owned by his son Milo, and became known as the 'Milo Mitchell place.' Soon afterwards, Mitchell was joined by Nathaniel Rockwood, John Bonner, Perez Farr, Bettis Le Clerc, Jonah Dayton, John Kent and Shubael Cross, all of whom came from New England to settle in Remsen. In September 1795, five families from Wales settled in the vicinity, marking the beginning of a substantial Welsh presence in the area.
The Town of Remsen was formed in 1798 from part of the Town of Norway in Herkimer County, New York when Oneida County was formed. In 1869, part of Remsen was used to form the new Town of Forestport.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (4.04%) is water.
The eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County. The Black River, widened into Kayuta Lake by a dam, defines the northern part of the town. Remsen is at the border of the Adirondack Park.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,958 people, 745 households, and 517 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 991 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.26% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.41% Asian, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.15% of the population.
There were 745 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $34,968, and the median income for a family was $41,042. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $22,989 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,394. About 8.5% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Erin Hamlin—American luger. The first American woman to ever win a luge World Championship title at the 2009 Luge World Championships, and the first American luger to ever win an Olympic medal in singles competition, winning bronze in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.
Major General Baron von Steuben is interred in Remsen at the Steuben Memorial State Historic Site which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
Education
The town and village of Remsen is served by the Remsen Central School District. Timothy Jenny serves as Superintendent of the District which includes Remsen Elementary (PK-6th grades), and Remsen Junior-Senior High (7th-12th grades). As of 2018, the student population of Remsen Elementary is 244, and Remsen Junior-Senior High is 205. The mascot of both schools is the Remsen Rams. School colors are black and orange. Remsen Junior-Senior High Athletic program competes in Class D of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association. Athletics offered are cross country (boys and girls), soccer (boys and girls), basketball (boys and girls), volleyball (girls), cheerleading (co-ed), baseball (boys), softball (girls), track and field (boys and girls).
Communities and locations in the Town of Remsen
Bailey Hills – An elevation located northwest of Ninety-six Corners.
Bardwell Mill – A location east of Hennedaga, south of Kayuta Lake.
Kayuta Lake – A lake partly in the northwestern part of the town.
Hinckley Reservoir – A reservoir partly in the southeastern section of the town.
Hennedaga – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.
Ninety Five Hill – An elevation west-northwest of Ninety-six Corners.
Ninety-six Corners – A hamlet on Route 365 near the eastern town line.
Remsen – The Village of Remsen is in the southwestern part of the town.
External links
Town of Remsen, NY
Remsen Central School District
Spotlight on Remsen, Oneida County Historical Society
References
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Oneida County, New York
Welsh-American culture in New York (state) | [
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259921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Vernon (village), New York | Vernon () is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 1,172 at the 2010 census.
The Village of Vernon is located east of the center of the Town of Vernon at the junction of Routes 5 and 31.
History
Vernon was incorporated on April 6, 1827.
The Vernon Center Green Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The Vernon Methodist Church was listed in 1998.
Geography
Vernon is located at (43.079601, -75.540204), on Skanandoa Creek ("hemlock", or "stream of hemlocks"). Skanandoa Creek was named after the famous Skenandoa.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.9 square mile (2.4 km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,155 people, 499 households, and 314 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,264.5 people per square mile (490.1/km2). There were 544 housing units at an average density of 595.6 per square mile (230.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.92% White, 1.13% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.
There were 499 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $34,600, and the median income for a family was $41,375. Males had a median income of $33,984 versus $23,804 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,930. About 7.4% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
References
Villages in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
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259922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon%2C%20New%20York | Vernon, New York | Vernon is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 5,408 at the 2010 census.
The Town of Vernon is on the western border of the county. The town contains a village, also named Vernon.
History
The first European settler was Josiah Bushnell, from Berkshire County, Massachusetts, who came in 1794.
The town was formed in 1802 from parts of the Towns of Augusta and Westmoreland.
Vernon was part of the original Oneida Reservation. In 1859, a remnant group of Oneida people lived in the southwestern part of the town.
In 1920, the population of the Town of Vernon was 4,522.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.1 square miles (98.7 km2), all land.
Skanandoa Creek ("hemlock", or "stream of hemlocks"), was named after the famous Skenandoa. It flows through the eastern section of town.
The western town line is the border of Madison County and is formed by the Oneida Creek.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,335 people, 2,112 households, and 1,484 families residing in the town. The population density was 139.9 people per square mile (54.0/km2). There were 2,266 housing units at an average density of 59.4 per square mile (23.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.94% White, 0.43% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.
There were 2,112 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,339, and the median income for a family was $44,951. Males had a median income of $32,848 versus $24,076 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,523. About 7.6% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Vernon
Brewers Corners – A hamlet on the northern town line and north of Vernon village.
Eaton Hill – An elevation located south of the Village of Vernon. Partially in Madison County.
Gibson Hill – An elevation located south of Vernon Center.
Oneida Castle – The Village of Oneida Castle, northwest of Sherrill.
Sconondoa – A location on the north town line, near Oneida Castle, on NY 365.
Sherrill – The City of Sherrill, the smallest city in the state, is in the western part of the town. Unlike other cities in New York, for some purposes it falls under Vernon's jurisdiction.
Vernon – The Village of Vernon, centrally located in the town, east of Sherrill on NY5.
Vernon Center – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town, located on NY 26 and is the eastern terminus of NY 31.
Vernon Downs
Education
Vernon-Verona-Sherrill Central School District operates area schools.
W.A. Wettel Elementary School is in Vernon. and the E.A. Mcallister Elementary School is in Sherrill. The area secondary schools are Vernon-Verona-Sherrill Middle School and Vernon-Verona-Sherrill High School.
References
External links
Town of Vernon
Vernon Downs racetrack
Towns in New York (state)
Utica–Rome metropolitan area
Towns in Oneida County, New York | [
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259923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillus%20%28village%29%2C%20New%20York | Camillus (village), New York | Camillus is a village in Onondaga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,213 at the 2010 census. The village takes its name from the town in which it is located. It is part of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The village of Camillus is in the town of Camillus, west of Syracuse. It was the home of the world-famous Camillus Cutlery Company.
History
Camillus village was part of the former Central New York Military Tract. The village was one of the first locations settled, around 1790.
A protest against the Fugitive Slave Law was formulated in the village in 1852.
The First Baptist Church of Camillus and Camillus Union Free School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
On February 11, 2013, the Camillus Cutlery Company caught on fire and was burned down. The cause of the fire was the result of a spark from a cutting torch, during metal removal; no one was injured or killed as a result of the fire.
Geography
Camillus is located at (43.039364, -76.307996).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.4 square mile (1.0 km2), all land.
Camillus is southwest of Onondaga Lake and is east of New York State Route 5 and New York State Route 174.
Nine Mile Creek, passing by the village, was a source of water for the Erie Canal.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,249 people, 568 households, and 305 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,188.9 people per square mile (1,236.5/km2). There were 627 housing units at an average density of 1,600.8 per square mile (620.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.12% White, 0.48% Black or African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.96% of the population.
There were 568 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.3% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $36,681, and the median income for a family was $48,125. Males had a median income of $32,424 versus $26,198 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,939. About 6.9% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Populated places established in 1790
Syracuse metropolitan area
Villages in New York (state)
Villages in Onondaga County, New York
1790 establishments in New York (state) | [
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259924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillus%2C%20New%20York | Camillus, New York | Camillus is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States. The population was 24,167 at the 2010 census.
The Town of Camillus is west of Syracuse. There is also a village named Camillus in the town. Much of the town is a western suburb of Syracuse.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.5 square miles (89.3 km2), all land.
New York State Route 5 is an east-west highway across the town. New York State Route 173 intersects NY-5 near Fairmount. New York State Route 174 intersect NY-5 near Camillus village. New York State Route 321 intersects NY-5 at Bennetts Corners. New York State Route 695 and New York State Route 297 are state highways near the east town line.
History
Most of the current-day Town of Camillus was part of the former Central New York Military Tract. Much of the southeastern portion of the town, corresponding to Fairmount, was not part of the Military Tract but was instead part of the original Onondaga Reservation territory that came under New York State control after the Treaty of Cayuga Bridge in 1795. This part of the town, originally incorporated into the Town of Onondaga, was annexed to Camillus in 1834. Joseph Sherwood, the first pioneer arrived around 1795 at the site of the village of Camillus. The Town of Camillus was formed in 1799 with land from the Town of Marcellus. Industrial development was promoted by the Erie Canal in 1825. Camillus was also on the railroad line linking Syracuse to Auburn in 1838. The Nine Mile Creek Aqueduct and Wilcox Octagon House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 23,152 people, 9,315 households, and 6,595 families residing in the town. The population density was 671.9 people per square mile (259.4/km2). There were 9,661 housing units at an average density of 280.4 per square mile (108.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.45% White, 0.95% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 1.10% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.
There were 9,315 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $50,198, and the median income for a family was $58,395. Males had a median income of $41,011 versus $29,110 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,591. About 3.1% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in the Town of Camillus
Amboy – A hamlet in the north central part of Camillus on NY-173.
Amboy Station – A location north of Amboy.
Belle Isle – A location east of Amboy and adjacent to Rt. 695 and the NYS Fairgrounds.
Bennetts Corners – A hamlet near the western town line by the junction of NY-5 and NY-321.
Camillus – The Village of Camillus is in the southwestern part of the Town of Camillus.
Camillus Airport (NY2) – A small general aviation airport near the northern town line, approximately one mile from the former Syracuse Municipal Airport.
Daniluk Drive – A neighborhood near the western town line by the junction of NY-5.
Edgewood Garden – A neighborhood near the northern town line.
Fairmount – A hamlet near the eastern town line.
Four Winds – A group of homes located in the Hamlet of Newport
Fox Chapel – A neighborhood approximately five minutes from the village of Camillus.
Garden Terrace – A neighborhood near the northern town line.
Greenfield Village – A neighborhood adjacent to Amboy and across from Reed Webster park.
Hidden Knolls – A neighborhood just west of Fairmount, on a hill above Shove Park.
Memphis – A hamlet at the northern town line north of Oswego Bitters.
Newport – A hamlet near the northern town line.
Ninemile Creek – A Stream flowing through the western part of the town.
North Belle Isle – A hamlet near the eastern town line.
Orchard Village – A neighborhood near the southern town line.
Oswego Bitters – A hamlet in the western part of the town on Bitters Road, west of Bennetts Corners Road.
Parson Farms – A neighborhood near the southern town line.
Pioneer Farms – A neighborhood west of the Weatheridge and Fox Chapel neighborhoods and across from the Camillus Medical Center (formerly the GTE building).
Scenic Hills – A neighborhood on the southern town line between Kasson Road and Westvale Golf Course.
Sherwood Knolls – A neighborhood near the southern town line.
Stanley Manor – A neighborhood near the southern town line.
Syracuse Municipal Airport – A former airport in the northeastern part of the town. It was an early center for aviation in the county.
Warners – A hamlet at the northern town line, north of Newport.
Weatheridge – A neighborhood southeast of Camillus village bordering Pioneer Farms
Wellington – A neighborhood along NYS Route 5.
Westerlea – A neighborhood northeast of Camillus village.
Westview Manor – A neighborhood east of Camillus village.
West Genesee Terrace – A neighborhood east of Camillus village.
Wincrest Park – A neighborhood southeast of Camillus village.
Notable people
Kinsley S. Bingham, politician
Kelly Cutrone, American fashion publicist
Frank DiPino, Major League pitcher
Kim Hill, soul musician, former member of Black Eyed Peas
John Katko, politician
Fayette S. Munro, politician and lawyer
Francis Paddock, politician
Susan Wynne, American ice dancer
See also
West Genesee High School
References
External links
Town of Camillus official site
Camillus history/genalogy links
The Eagle Observer - Weekly Newspaper
1799 establishments in New York (state)
Syracuse metropolitan area
Towns in New York (state)
Towns in Onondaga County, New York
Populated places established in 1799 | [
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