bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Anne learned to play games , such as cards , chess , and dice .	She learned to play games such as , cards , chess , and dice and outdoor pursuits such as archery , falconry , horseback riding , and hunting .	[]
In 1513 , Anne was invited to join the schoolroom of Margaret of Austria and her four wards .	In 1513 , she was sent to Margaret of Austria 's royal court in the Netherlands to complete her education .	[]
In the Queen 's household , she completed her study of French and developed interests in art , fashion , illuminated manuscripts , literature , music , poetry , and religious philosophy .	In Queen Claude 's household , Anne completed her study of French and developed a thorough knowledge of French culture and etiquette .	[]
Anne 's European education ended in 1521 , when her father summoned her back to England .	Anne stayed in France until late winter 1521 .	[]
She resisted his attempts to seduce her , refusing to become his mistress , which her sister Mary had been .	He wanted her to become his mistress , however she categorically refused , which made Henry 's desire for her even greater .	[]
In 1532 , Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke .	After becoming Marquess of Pembroke in her own right , Anne felt secure enough and finally gave in to Henry in late 1532 and soon became pregnant .	[]
Henry and Anne formally married on 25 January 1533 , after a secret wedding on 14 November 1532 .	In order to have a legitimate heir to the throne , this meant that Anne and Henry needed to legalize their union quickly and therefore were secretly married on January 25 , 1533 , even though the divorce had not come through .	[]
On 23 May 1533 , newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine 's marriage null and void ; five days later , he declared Henry and Anne 's marriage valid .	No longer hoping for the Pope to grant him a divorce , Henry 's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was declared illegal in the following May by the newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer , former chaplain of the Boleyns .	[]
Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533 .	Now recognized as Henry 's legal wife , Anne was formally crowned Queen of England on June 1 , 1533 .	[]
On 7 September , she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth .	Anne gave birth to a daughter , the future Elizabeth I of England , on September 7 , 1533 .	[]
Most sources attest only to the birth of Elizabeth in September 1533 , a possible miscarriage in the summer of 1534 , and the miscarriage of a male child , of almost four months gestation , in January 1536 .	However , Anne soon became pregnant again but that ended in a miscarriage in the summer of 1534 .	[]
At this time Henry began paying court to Jane Seymour .	The situation only deteriorated when the king began to pay special attention to a lady of the court named Jane Seymour .	[]
Samoset ( also Somerset , c . 1590 – 1653 ) was an Abenaki sagamore and the first American Indian to make contact with the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony .	Samoset ( ca . 1590 – 1653 ) was the first Native American to speak with the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony . <SEP> Samoset talked with the leaders of Plymouth Colony .	[]
He startled the colonists on March 16 , 1621 by walking into Plymouth Colony and greeting them in English , which he had begun to learn from fishermen frequenting the waters of Maine .	On March 16 , 1621 , the people were very surprised when Samoset walked straight into Plymouth Colony where the people were living . <SEP> He greeted them in English .	[]
Samoset learned some English from fishermen who came to fish off Monhegan Island and he knew most ship captains by name .	Samoset said he had learned some of the language from some English fishermen that came to Maine .	[]
Samoset was a sagamore ( subordinate chief ) of an Eastern Abenaki tribe that resided in what now is Maine , and an English fishing camp had been established in the Gulf of Maine .	Samoset was member of the Wampanoag tribe that lived in Maine .	[]
is a seaside village near Bideford in Devon , England .	is a village on the north coast of Devon , England , UK .	[]
The village name comes from the title of Charles Kingsley 's novel " Westward Ho ! "	The name comes from the novel of the same name by Charles Kingsley .	[]
The Bideford , Westward Ho !	But these are colloquial , unlike Westward Ho ! '	[]
Iona ( , sometimes simply " I ̀ " ) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland .	Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland .	[]
According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille , who had been exiled from his native Ireland as a result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne .	When Columba arrived with twelve monks in 563 he founded a great monastery . <SEP> According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille , who had been exiled from his native Ireland .	[]
It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats .	Today it is a popular tourist attraction and a place for retreats .	[]
In the early Historic Period Iona lay within the Gaelic kingdom of Da ́ l Riata , in the region controlled by the Cene ́ l Loairn ( i.e. Lorn , as it was then ) .	At the start , Iona was a part of the Gaelic kingdom of Da ́ l Riata .	[]
The island was the site of a highly important monastery ( see Iona Abbey ) during the Early Middle Ages .	The island was the site of a highly important monastery during the Early Middle Ages .	[]
The monastery was hugely successful , and played a crucial role in the conversion to Christianity of the Picts of present-day Scotland in the late 6th century and of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in 635 .	The monastery was very successful , and played a large part in the conversion of the Picts to Christianity .	[]
Many satellite institutions were founded , and Iona became the centre of one of the most important monastic systems in Great Britain and Ireland .	Many other monasteries were founded in Scotland and Iona became the center of a great monastic system .	[]
Iona became a renowned centre of learning , and its scriptorium produced highly important documents , probably including the original texts of the Iona Chronicle , thought to be the source for the early Irish annals .	The scriptorium produced many very important documents .	[]
In particular , Iona was a major supporter of the " Celtic " system for calculating the date of Easter at the time of the Easter controversy , which pitted supporters of the Celtic system against those favoring the " Roman " system used elsewhere in Western Christianity .	Iona was a major supporter of the " Celtic " system for calculating the date of Easter .	[]
The controversy weakened Iona 's ties to Northumbria , which adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664 , and to Pictland , which followed suit in the early 8th century .	This issue was settled when they adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664 . <SEP> Pictland adopted the Roman system in the early 8th century .	[]
Iona itself did not adopt the Roman system until 715 , according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede .	Iona changed systems in 716 , according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede .	[]
Iona 's prominence was further diminished over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system , such as the Abbey of Kells .	Iona 's prominence was reduced over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system , such as the Abbey of Kells .	[]
The Book of Kells may have been produced or begun on Iona towards the end of the 8th century .	The Book of Kells was created on Iona about the year 800 .	[]
A convent for Benedictine nuns was established in about 1208 , with Betho ́ c , Somerled 's daughter , as first prioress .	A convent for Benedictine nuns was established in about 1208 , with Betho ́ c , daughter of Somerled , as first prioress .	[]
The monastery and nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation , when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed .	The monastery itself flourished until the Reformation when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed . <SEP> The nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation .	[]
Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Hebrides were transferred from Norwegian to Scottish overlordship .	Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Isles ( Hebrides ) were restored to Scottish rule .	[]
The Augustine nunnery now only survives as a number of 13th century ruins , including a church and cloister .	An Augustine nunnery survives as a number of 13th century ruins , including a church and cloister .	[]
Archaea ( or or ) ( singular archaeon ) constitute a domain of single-celled organisms .	The Archaea ( or " Archea " ) are a group of single-celled organisms .	[]
Archaea were initially classified as bacteria , receiving the name archaebacteria ( in the Archaebacteria kingdom ) , but this classification is outmoded .	In the past they had been classed with bacteria as prokaryotes ( or Kingdom Monera ) and named archaebacteria , but this is a mistake .	[]
Woese argued that the Bacteria , Archaea , and Eukaryotes represent separate lines of descent that diverged early on from an ancestral colony of organisms .	In this system , the three distinct branches of evolutionary descent are the Archaea , Bacteria and Eukaryota .	[]
Similarly , the name of Iran is the Persian word for land / place of the Aryans .	Aryan is the name that an ancient people of India , Europe , Iran ( Greater Iran ) called themselves . <SEP> Iran word itself means The Land of Aryans .	[]
In Sanskrit and related Indo-Aryan languages , " a ̄ rya " means " one who does noble deeds ; a noble one " .	Descendants of the Aryans include speakers of Sanskrit and Avestan which are related to the Indo-European languages.Ancient Iranians used the name " Aryan " to mean nobles .	[]
A ̄ rya ̄ varta " abode of the " a ̄ rya "s " is a common name for North India in Sanskrit literature .	Also the Sanskrit name " A ̄ rya ̄ varta " " abode of the Aryans " , was a region in north of today 's India .	[]
The name for the Sassanian Empire in Middle Persian is " Eran Shahr " which means " Aryan Empire " .	The Middle Persian name of the Sassanian Empire , an empire that ruled Persia from the 3rd century to the 7th century , was " Eran-shar " meaning the " Aryan Empire " .	[]
Similarly , The word " Iran " is the Persian word for land / place of the Aryan .	Today , the name " Iran " is simply the Persian word for " Aryan " .	[]
The Austin serial bombings occurred between March 2 and 22 , 2018 , mostly in Austin , Texas .	The Austin serial bombings were a series of five parcel bomb explosions which occurred starting on March 2 , 2018 and ended on March 20 , 2018 in Austin , Texas , killing two civilians and the bomber and injuring another six .	[]
Mark Anthony Conditt , born in June 1994 ( age 23 ) , lived in Pflugerville , Texas , outside Austin .	The suspected bomber is Mark Anthony Conditt , age 23 , who lived in Pflugerville , Texas , outside Austin .	[]
Mazu is a Chinese sea goddess also known by several other names and titles .	Mazu , also known as Matsu , is a popular Taoist and Chinese Buddhist goddess .	[]
She was thought to roam the seas , protecting her believers through miraculous interventions .	She is believed to protect fisherman and sailors .	[]
Revered after her death as a tutelary deity of seafarers , including fishermen and sailors , her worship spread throughout China 's coastal regions and overseas Chinese communities throughout Southeast Asia .	Soon her worship spread quickly to other parts of Asia .	[]
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus .	Measles is an infectious disease , caused by a virus .	[]
Initial symptoms typically include fever , often greater than 40 C , cough , runny nose , and inflamed eyes .	People with measles have a sore throat , a fever , a cough , red eyes and a runny nose .	[]
Measles is extremely infectious and its continued circulation in a community depends on the generation of susceptible hosts by birth of children .	Measles is very infectious , which means it is easy to catch .	[]
In developed countries , it is recommended that children be immunized against measles at 12 months , generally as part of a three-part MMR vaccine ( measles , mumps , and rubella ) .	In developed countries , lots of children have a vaccination ( injection ) to stop them from getting measles . <SEP> Often they are given the MMR vaccine , to stop them getting measles , mumps and rubella .	[]
Both rubella , also known as " German measles " , and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses .	Measles is sometimes also called " rubeola " , but it is not the same as rubella ( German measles ) . <SEP> The German Measles ( rubella ) was discovered by German scientists .	[]
While working with the Seegers ( a voraciously musical family that included Pete Seeger , a son of Charles from a previous marriage ) she remembered her own guitar playing from 40 years prior and picked up the instrument again and relearned to play it , almost from scratch .	In this musical family she remembered her own guitar playing .	[]
These recordings later became the album " Folksongs and Instrumentals with Guitar " , which was released by Folkways Records .	Mike Seeger recorded her and the songs were later published as " Folksongs and Instrumentals with Guitar " , which was released on Folkways Records .	[]
Some of these included Mississippi John Hurt , John Lee Hooker , and Muddy Waters at venues such as the Newport Folk Festival and the Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife .	In the early 1960s during the folk revival she played shows with great names like Mississippi John Hurt , John Lee Hooker , and Muddy Waters at venues such as the Newport Folk Festival and the Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife .	[]
She was also able to continue touring and releasing records well into her 80s .	She went on touring and recording well into her 80s .	[]
In 1984 , she won the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording , for the album " Elizabeth Cotten Live " , released by Arhoolie Records .	In 1984 she won the Grammy Award for " Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording " for her album on Arhoolie Records , " Elizabeth Cotten Live " .	[]
Since the release of that album , her songs , especially her signature song , " Freight Train " — which she wrote when she was 11 — have been covered by Peter , Paul , and Mary , Jerry Garcia , Bob Dylan , Joe Dassin , Joan Baez , Devendra Banhart , Laura Gibson , Laura Veirs , His Name Is Alive , Doc Watson , Taj Mahal , Geoff Farina , and Country Teasers .	Her songs were covered by Peter , Paul , and Mary , Jerry Garcia , Bob Dylan , Devendra Banhart , Laura Gibson , Laura Veirs , His Name Is Alive and Taj Mahal .	[]
Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda .	Ammonites were marine cephalopod molluscs of the subclass Ammonoidea .	[]
These molluscs , commonly referred to as ammonites , are more closely related to living coleoids ( i.e. , octopuses , squid , and cuttlefish ) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living " Nautilus " species .	Their nearest living relatives are the octopus , squid , cuttlefish and " Nautilus " .	[]
The earliest ammonites appear during the Devonian , and the last species died out in the Cretaceous – Paleogene extinction event .	Ammonites first appeared in the early Devonian period . <SEP> The final catastrophe occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period when all species were annihilated and the ammonites became extinct .	[]
Lilac is a colour that is a pale violet tone representing the average colour of most lilac flowers .	Lilac is a light violet colour .	[]
The colour bright lilac is displayed at right .	The actual colour of the flowers of the plant may range from the colour of the lilac flowers shown at left to a richer or deeper colour .	[]
The colours of some lilac flowers may be equivalent to the colours shown below as " pale lilac " , " rich lilac " , or " deep lilac " .	These colours , such as " rich lilac " and " deep lilac " , are shown in the colour chart below .	[]
There are other lilac flowers that are coloured red-violet .	Some lilac flowers are coloured tones of lilac and other lilac flowers are coloured tones of red-violet . <SEP> Those lilac flowers that are coloured red-violet are said to be coloured Persian lilac .	[]
Alexandra Feodorovna ( 6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918 ) was Empress of Russia as the spouse of Nicholas II — the last ruler of the Russian Empire — from their marriage on 26 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917 .	Alexandra Fyodorovna ( Russian : Императрица Александра Фе ̈ доровна ) ( born Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine 6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918 ) was Empress consort of Nicholas II , the last Tsar of the Russian Empire .	[]
A granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom , Alexandra was , like her grandmother , one of the most famous royal carriers of the haemophilia disease .	She was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom . <SEP> She is also one of the most famous royal carriers of the haemophilia disease .	[]
In 2000 , Alexandra was [ Canonization -PIPE- canonized ] as a [ saint ] and [ passion bearer ] by the [ Russian Orthodox Church ] , together with her husband Nicholas II , their children and others including her sister [ Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine ( 1864 – 1918 ) -PIPE- Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna ] and the Grand Duchess 's fellow nun [ Barbara ( Yakovleva ) -PIPE- Varvara ] .	The Russian Orthodox Church canonised her as Saint Alexandra in 2000 .	[]
John Caldwell Holt ( April 14 , 1923 – September 14 , 1985 ) was an American author and educator , a proponent of homeschooling and , specifically , the unschooling approach , and a pioneer in youth rights theory .	John Caldwell Holt was an American educator and author . <SEP> He supported homeschooling and unschooling .	[]
As Holt wrote in his first book , " How Children Fail " ( 1964 ) " ... after all , if they ( meaning us ) know that you ca n't do anything , then they wo n't blame you or punish you for not being able to do what you have been told to do . "	Holt , in his 1964 best-seller " How Children Fail " ( 2nd ed 1982 ) , said schooling does more harm than good to a child 's desire to truly learn .	[]
He followed it up with " How Children Learn " ( 1967 ) .	The book was followed by " How Children Learn " , which explained his positive ideas ( 1967 , 2nd ed 1983 .	[]
The " Metroid Prime " sub-series , which takes place between " Metroid " and " " , has its titular installment feature Samus traveling to the planet Tallon IV , which contains a Chozo colony in ruins and a Space Pirate base .	The " Metroid Prime " series takes place in between " Metroid " and " " .	[]
In " " , Samus is sent to the planet Aether , a Phazon meteor-ravaged planet split into light and dark dimensions .	In " " , Samus meets a creature called Dark Samus , which is Metroid Prime fused with a suit Samus got on Tallon IV .	[]
In " " , Dark Samus infects Samus with Phazon , which slowly corrupts her and further forces her to prevent it from spreading to other planets .	In " " , Samus and three other bounty hunters	[]
Arab Indonesians or Hadharem ( ; sing . , Hadhrami , ) , informally known as Jama 'ah , are Indonesian citizens primarily of mixed Arab — mainly Hadhrami — and Indonesian descent .	Arab Indonesians are citizens of Indonesia .	[]
Restricted under Dutch East Indies law until 1919 , the community elites later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading .	Until 1919 , they were part of Dutch East Indies ' law . <SEP> Some people later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading .	[]
Currently found mainly in Java , especially West Java and South Sumatra , they are almost all Muslims .	Currently , most of them can be found in Java and South Sumatra .	[]
The community elites began to build economic power through trade and real estate acquisition , buying large amounts of real estate in Batavia ( modern-day Jakarta ) , Singapore and other parts of the archipelago .	The community elites began to build economic power through trade and real estate investment . <SEP> They bought large amounts of real estate in Batavia ( modern-day Jakarta ) , Singapore and other parts of this area .	[]
Through charity work and " conspicuous consumption " , they built and protected their social capital ; eventually , some Arab Indonesians joined the " Volksraad " , the people 's council of the Dutch East Indies .	Arab Indonesians did charity work , and built and protected their social capital . <SEP> Eventually , some Arab Indonesians joined the " Volksraad " , the people 's council of the Dutch East Indies .	[]
First generation immigrants are referred to as " wulaya ̄ ti ̄ " or " totok " .	First generation immigrants are called " wula ̄ yti ̄ " or " totok " .	[]
The majority , " muwallad " , were born in Indonesia and may be of mixed heritage .	The majority , " muwallad " ( plural form : " muwalladi ̄ n " ) , were born in Indonesia and may be of mixed heritage .	[]
The majority of Arab Indonesians live in Java and Madura , usually in cities or relatively big towns such as Jakarta , Pekalongan , Solo , Gresik or Surabaya .	The majority of Arab Indonesians live on Java , mostly in East Java .	[]
Arab Indonesians are almost all Muslim ; according to the 2000 census , 98.27 percent of Arab Indonesians are Muslim , compared to 88.22 percent of the general population .	Arab Indonesians are almost all Muslim . <SEP> According to the 2000 census , 98.27 percent of Arab Indonesians are Muslim , compared to 88.22 percent of the whole population .	[]
Historically , most have lived in so called kauman villages , in the areas around mosques , but this has changed in recent years .	Historically , most have lived in " kauman " , or the area around mosques , but this has changed in recent years .	[]
The majority are Sunni , following the Shafi 'i school of Islamic law with Ba ' Alawi sada families usually follow Ba ' Alawiyya tariqa .	The majority are Sunni , people who follow the Shafi 'i school of Islamic law . <SEP> The Shia are a growing minority .	[]
Children are generally sent to madrasahs , but many later advanced their education to secular schools .	Children are often sent to madrasahs .	[]
The Islam practiced by Arab Indonesians tends to be more orthodox than the local , indigenous-influenced forms like " abangan " who do not follow some of the more restrictive Islamic practices .	The Islam practiced by Arab Indonesians is more orthodox than the local , indigenous-influenced forms like " abangan " . <SEP> Many Arab Indonesians try to convince local Muslims to follow a more orthodox form of Islam as well .	[]
Giorgio Faletti ( ] ; 25 November 1950 – 4 July 2014 ) was an Italian writer , actor , comedian and singer-songwriter .	Giorgio Faletti ( 25 November 1950 – 4 July 2014 ) was an Italian writer , actor , comedian and singer-songwriter .	[]
His books have been translated into 25 languages and published with great success in Europe , South America , China , Japan , Russia and United States .	His books have been translated into 25 languages . <SEP> They have also been published with great success in Europe , South America , China , Japan , Russia and the United States .	[]
Born in Asti , Piedmont , he lived on Elba Island .	Faletti was born in Asti , Piedmont . <SEP> He lived on Elba Island .	[]
He was a supporter of Juventus FC .	He was a fan of the football team Juventus .	[]
Occitanie ( ] ; ] ; ] ) or Occitania is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica , created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es .	Occitanie is an administrative region of France that was created on 1 January 2016 from the former French regions Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es .	[]
The reform law used as the new region 's provisional name the hyphenated names of its predecessors : Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es , in alphabetical order .	" Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es " was the temporary name for the region .	[]
The Conseil d 'E ́ tat approved Occitanie as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016 , coming into effect on 30 September 2016 .	The name Occitania was approved as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016 , effective 30 September 2016 .	[]
It is also the extent to which changes could harm a system , or to which the community can be affected by the impact of a hazard or exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed , either physically or emotionally : " we were in a vulnerable position " .	Vulnerability means the extent to which changes can hurt or harm a person or a system .	[]
Vulnerability refers to the inability ( of a system or a unit ) to withstand the effects of a hostile environment .	Vulnerability refers to a person 's state of being liable to succumb , as to persuasion or temptation ( see Thywissen 2006 for a comparison of vulnerability definitions ) .	[]
The following season saw expansion , and Parise ́ was drafted by the California Seals on June 6 , 1967 .	Parise ́ was drafted by the Oakland Seals on June 6 , 1967 .	[]
On October 12 , he was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs for Bryan Hextall Jr. for Gerry Ehman and assigned to the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League .	On October 12 , the Seals traded him along with Bryan Hextall Jr. to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Gerry Ehman . <SEP> The Maple Leafs would assign Parise ́ to the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) .	[]

Anne learned to play games , such as cards , chess , and dice .

She learned to play games such as , cards , chess , and dice and outdoor pursuits such as archery , falconry , horseback riding , and hunting .

[]

In 1513 , Anne was invited to join the schoolroom of Margaret of Austria and her four wards .

In 1513 , she was sent to Margaret of Austria 's royal court in the Netherlands to complete her education .

[]

In the Queen 's household , she completed her study of French and developed interests in art , fashion , illuminated manuscripts , literature , music , poetry , and religious philosophy .

In Queen Claude 's household , Anne completed her study of French and developed a thorough knowledge of French culture and etiquette .

[]

Anne 's European education ended in 1521 , when her father summoned her back to England .

Anne stayed in France until late winter 1521 .

[]

She resisted his attempts to seduce her , refusing to become his mistress , which her sister Mary had been .

He wanted her to become his mistress , however she categorically refused , which made Henry 's desire for her even greater .

[]

In 1532 , Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke .

After becoming Marquess of Pembroke in her own right , Anne felt secure enough and finally gave in to Henry in late 1532 and soon became pregnant .

[]

Henry and Anne formally married on 25 January 1533 , after a secret wedding on 14 November 1532 .

In order to have a legitimate heir to the throne , this meant that Anne and Henry needed to legalize their union quickly and therefore were secretly married on January 25 , 1533 , even though the divorce had not come through .

[]

On 23 May 1533 , newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine 's marriage null and void ; five days later , he declared Henry and Anne 's marriage valid .

No longer hoping for the Pope to grant him a divorce , Henry 's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was declared illegal in the following May by the newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer , former chaplain of the Boleyns .

[]

Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533 .

Now recognized as Henry 's legal wife , Anne was formally crowned Queen of England on June 1 , 1533 .

[]

On 7 September , she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth .

Anne gave birth to a daughter , the future Elizabeth I of England , on September 7 , 1533 .

[]

Most sources attest only to the birth of Elizabeth in September 1533 , a possible miscarriage in the summer of 1534 , and the miscarriage of a male child , of almost four months gestation , in January 1536 .

However , Anne soon became pregnant again but that ended in a miscarriage in the summer of 1534 .

[]

At this time Henry began paying court to Jane Seymour .

The situation only deteriorated when the king began to pay special attention to a lady of the court named Jane Seymour .

[]

Samoset ( also Somerset , c . 1590 – 1653 ) was an Abenaki sagamore and the first American Indian to make contact with the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony .

Samoset ( ca . 1590 – 1653 ) was the first Native American to speak with the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony . <SEP> Samoset talked with the leaders of Plymouth Colony .

[]

He startled the colonists on March 16 , 1621 by walking into Plymouth Colony and greeting them in English , which he had begun to learn from fishermen frequenting the waters of Maine .

On March 16 , 1621 , the people were very surprised when Samoset walked straight into Plymouth Colony where the people were living . <SEP> He greeted them in English .

[]

Samoset learned some English from fishermen who came to fish off Monhegan Island and he knew most ship captains by name .

Samoset said he had learned some of the language from some English fishermen that came to Maine .

[]

Samoset was a sagamore ( subordinate chief ) of an Eastern Abenaki tribe that resided in what now is Maine , and an English fishing camp had been established in the Gulf of Maine .

Samoset was member of the Wampanoag tribe that lived in Maine .

[]

is a seaside village near Bideford in Devon , England .

is a village on the north coast of Devon , England , UK .

[]

The village name comes from the title of Charles Kingsley 's novel " Westward Ho ! "

The name comes from the novel of the same name by Charles Kingsley .

[]

The Bideford , Westward Ho !

But these are colloquial , unlike Westward Ho ! '

[]

Iona ( , sometimes simply " I ̀ " ) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland .

Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland .

[]

According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille , who had been exiled from his native Ireland as a result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne .

When Columba arrived with twelve monks in 563 he founded a great monastery . <SEP> According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille , who had been exiled from his native Ireland .

[]

It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats .

Today it is a popular tourist attraction and a place for retreats .

[]

In the early Historic Period Iona lay within the Gaelic kingdom of Da ́ l Riata , in the region controlled by the Cene ́ l Loairn ( i.e. Lorn , as it was then ) .

At the start , Iona was a part of the Gaelic kingdom of Da ́ l Riata .

[]

The island was the site of a highly important monastery ( see Iona Abbey ) during the Early Middle Ages .

The island was the site of a highly important monastery during the Early Middle Ages .

[]

The monastery was hugely successful , and played a crucial role in the conversion to Christianity of the Picts of present-day Scotland in the late 6th century and of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in 635 .

The monastery was very successful , and played a large part in the conversion of the Picts to Christianity .

[]

Many satellite institutions were founded , and Iona became the centre of one of the most important monastic systems in Great Britain and Ireland .

Many other monasteries were founded in Scotland and Iona became the center of a great monastic system .

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Iona became a renowned centre of learning , and its scriptorium produced highly important documents , probably including the original texts of the Iona Chronicle , thought to be the source for the early Irish annals .

The scriptorium produced many very important documents .

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In particular , Iona was a major supporter of the " Celtic " system for calculating the date of Easter at the time of the Easter controversy , which pitted supporters of the Celtic system against those favoring the " Roman " system used elsewhere in Western Christianity .

Iona was a major supporter of the " Celtic " system for calculating the date of Easter .

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The controversy weakened Iona 's ties to Northumbria , which adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664 , and to Pictland , which followed suit in the early 8th century .

This issue was settled when they adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664 . <SEP> Pictland adopted the Roman system in the early 8th century .

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Iona itself did not adopt the Roman system until 715 , according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede .

Iona changed systems in 716 , according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede .

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Iona 's prominence was further diminished over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system , such as the Abbey of Kells .

Iona 's prominence was reduced over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system , such as the Abbey of Kells .

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The Book of Kells may have been produced or begun on Iona towards the end of the 8th century .

The Book of Kells was created on Iona about the year 800 .

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A convent for Benedictine nuns was established in about 1208 , with Betho ́ c , Somerled 's daughter , as first prioress .

A convent for Benedictine nuns was established in about 1208 , with Betho ́ c , daughter of Somerled , as first prioress .

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The monastery and nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation , when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed .

The monastery itself flourished until the Reformation when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed . <SEP> The nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation .

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Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Hebrides were transferred from Norwegian to Scottish overlordship .

Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Isles ( Hebrides ) were restored to Scottish rule .

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The Augustine nunnery now only survives as a number of 13th century ruins , including a church and cloister .

An Augustine nunnery survives as a number of 13th century ruins , including a church and cloister .

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Archaea ( or or ) ( singular archaeon ) constitute a domain of single-celled organisms .

The Archaea ( or " Archea " ) are a group of single-celled organisms .

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Archaea were initially classified as bacteria , receiving the name archaebacteria ( in the Archaebacteria kingdom ) , but this classification is outmoded .

In the past they had been classed with bacteria as prokaryotes ( or Kingdom Monera ) and named archaebacteria , but this is a mistake .

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Woese argued that the Bacteria , Archaea , and Eukaryotes represent separate lines of descent that diverged early on from an ancestral colony of organisms .

In this system , the three distinct branches of evolutionary descent are the Archaea , Bacteria and Eukaryota .

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Similarly , the name of Iran is the Persian word for land / place of the Aryans .

Aryan is the name that an ancient people of India , Europe , Iran ( Greater Iran ) called themselves . <SEP> Iran word itself means The Land of Aryans .

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In Sanskrit and related Indo-Aryan languages , " a ̄ rya " means " one who does noble deeds ; a noble one " .

Descendants of the Aryans include speakers of Sanskrit and Avestan which are related to the Indo-European languages.Ancient Iranians used the name " Aryan " to mean nobles .

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A ̄ rya ̄ varta " abode of the " a ̄ rya "s " is a common name for North India in Sanskrit literature .

Also the Sanskrit name " A ̄ rya ̄ varta " " abode of the Aryans " , was a region in north of today 's India .

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The name for the Sassanian Empire in Middle Persian is " Eran Shahr " which means " Aryan Empire " .

The Middle Persian name of the Sassanian Empire , an empire that ruled Persia from the 3rd century to the 7th century , was " Eran-shar " meaning the " Aryan Empire " .

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Similarly , The word " Iran " is the Persian word for land / place of the Aryan .

Today , the name " Iran " is simply the Persian word for " Aryan " .

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The Austin serial bombings occurred between March 2 and 22 , 2018 , mostly in Austin , Texas .

The Austin serial bombings were a series of five parcel bomb explosions which occurred starting on March 2 , 2018 and ended on March 20 , 2018 in Austin , Texas , killing two civilians and the bomber and injuring another six .

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Mark Anthony Conditt , born in June 1994 ( age 23 ) , lived in Pflugerville , Texas , outside Austin .

The suspected bomber is Mark Anthony Conditt , age 23 , who lived in Pflugerville , Texas , outside Austin .

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Mazu is a Chinese sea goddess also known by several other names and titles .

Mazu , also known as Matsu , is a popular Taoist and Chinese Buddhist goddess .

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She was thought to roam the seas , protecting her believers through miraculous interventions .

She is believed to protect fisherman and sailors .

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Revered after her death as a tutelary deity of seafarers , including fishermen and sailors , her worship spread throughout China 's coastal regions and overseas Chinese communities throughout Southeast Asia .

Soon her worship spread quickly to other parts of Asia .

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Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus .

Measles is an infectious disease , caused by a virus .

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Initial symptoms typically include fever , often greater than 40 C , cough , runny nose , and inflamed eyes .

People with measles have a sore throat , a fever , a cough , red eyes and a runny nose .

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Measles is extremely infectious and its continued circulation in a community depends on the generation of susceptible hosts by birth of children .

Measles is very infectious , which means it is easy to catch .

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In developed countries , it is recommended that children be immunized against measles at 12 months , generally as part of a three-part MMR vaccine ( measles , mumps , and rubella ) .

In developed countries , lots of children have a vaccination ( injection ) to stop them from getting measles . <SEP> Often they are given the MMR vaccine , to stop them getting measles , mumps and rubella .

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Both rubella , also known as " German measles " , and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses .

Measles is sometimes also called " rubeola " , but it is not the same as rubella ( German measles ) . <SEP> The German Measles ( rubella ) was discovered by German scientists .

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While working with the Seegers ( a voraciously musical family that included Pete Seeger , a son of Charles from a previous marriage ) she remembered her own guitar playing from 40 years prior and picked up the instrument again and relearned to play it , almost from scratch .

In this musical family she remembered her own guitar playing .

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These recordings later became the album " Folksongs and Instrumentals with Guitar " , which was released by Folkways Records .

Mike Seeger recorded her and the songs were later published as " Folksongs and Instrumentals with Guitar " , which was released on Folkways Records .

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Some of these included Mississippi John Hurt , John Lee Hooker , and Muddy Waters at venues such as the Newport Folk Festival and the Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife .

In the early 1960s during the folk revival she played shows with great names like Mississippi John Hurt , John Lee Hooker , and Muddy Waters at venues such as the Newport Folk Festival and the Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife .

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She was also able to continue touring and releasing records well into her 80s .

She went on touring and recording well into her 80s .

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In 1984 , she won the Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording , for the album " Elizabeth Cotten Live " , released by Arhoolie Records .

In 1984 she won the Grammy Award for " Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording " for her album on Arhoolie Records , " Elizabeth Cotten Live " .

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Since the release of that album , her songs , especially her signature song , " Freight Train " — which she wrote when she was 11 — have been covered by Peter , Paul , and Mary , Jerry Garcia , Bob Dylan , Joe Dassin , Joan Baez , Devendra Banhart , Laura Gibson , Laura Veirs , His Name Is Alive , Doc Watson , Taj Mahal , Geoff Farina , and Country Teasers .

Her songs were covered by Peter , Paul , and Mary , Jerry Garcia , Bob Dylan , Devendra Banhart , Laura Gibson , Laura Veirs , His Name Is Alive and Taj Mahal .

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Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda .

Ammonites were marine cephalopod molluscs of the subclass Ammonoidea .

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These molluscs , commonly referred to as ammonites , are more closely related to living coleoids ( i.e. , octopuses , squid , and cuttlefish ) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living " Nautilus " species .

Their nearest living relatives are the octopus , squid , cuttlefish and " Nautilus " .

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The earliest ammonites appear during the Devonian , and the last species died out in the Cretaceous – Paleogene extinction event .

Ammonites first appeared in the early Devonian period . <SEP> The final catastrophe occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period when all species were annihilated and the ammonites became extinct .

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Lilac is a colour that is a pale violet tone representing the average colour of most lilac flowers .

Lilac is a light violet colour .

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The colour bright lilac is displayed at right .

The actual colour of the flowers of the plant may range from the colour of the lilac flowers shown at left to a richer or deeper colour .

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The colours of some lilac flowers may be equivalent to the colours shown below as " pale lilac " , " rich lilac " , or " deep lilac " .

These colours , such as " rich lilac " and " deep lilac " , are shown in the colour chart below .

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There are other lilac flowers that are coloured red-violet .

Some lilac flowers are coloured tones of lilac and other lilac flowers are coloured tones of red-violet . <SEP> Those lilac flowers that are coloured red-violet are said to be coloured Persian lilac .

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Alexandra Feodorovna ( 6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918 ) was Empress of Russia as the spouse of Nicholas II — the last ruler of the Russian Empire — from their marriage on 26 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917 .

Alexandra Fyodorovna ( Russian : Императрица Александра Фе ̈ доровна ) ( born Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine 6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918 ) was Empress consort of Nicholas II , the last Tsar of the Russian Empire .

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A granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom , Alexandra was , like her grandmother , one of the most famous royal carriers of the haemophilia disease .

She was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom . <SEP> She is also one of the most famous royal carriers of the haemophilia disease .

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In 2000 , Alexandra was [ Canonization -PIPE- canonized ] as a [ saint ] and [ passion bearer ] by the [ Russian Orthodox Church ] , together with her husband Nicholas II , their children and others including her sister [ Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine ( 1864 – 1918 ) -PIPE- Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna ] and the Grand Duchess 's fellow nun [ Barbara ( Yakovleva ) -PIPE- Varvara ] .

The Russian Orthodox Church canonised her as Saint Alexandra in 2000 .

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John Caldwell Holt ( April 14 , 1923 – September 14 , 1985 ) was an American author and educator , a proponent of homeschooling and , specifically , the unschooling approach , and a pioneer in youth rights theory .

John Caldwell Holt was an American educator and author . <SEP> He supported homeschooling and unschooling .

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As Holt wrote in his first book , " How Children Fail " ( 1964 ) " ... after all , if they ( meaning us ) know that you ca n't do anything , then they wo n't blame you or punish you for not being able to do what you have been told to do . "

Holt , in his 1964 best-seller " How Children Fail " ( 2nd ed 1982 ) , said schooling does more harm than good to a child 's desire to truly learn .

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He followed it up with " How Children Learn " ( 1967 ) .

The book was followed by " How Children Learn " , which explained his positive ideas ( 1967 , 2nd ed 1983 .

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The " Metroid Prime " sub-series , which takes place between " Metroid " and " " , has its titular installment feature Samus traveling to the planet Tallon IV , which contains a Chozo colony in ruins and a Space Pirate base .

The " Metroid Prime " series takes place in between " Metroid " and " " .

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In " " , Samus is sent to the planet Aether , a Phazon meteor-ravaged planet split into light and dark dimensions .

In " " , Samus meets a creature called Dark Samus , which is Metroid Prime fused with a suit Samus got on Tallon IV .

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In " " , Dark Samus infects Samus with Phazon , which slowly corrupts her and further forces her to prevent it from spreading to other planets .

In " " , Samus and three other bounty hunters

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Arab Indonesians or Hadharem ( ; sing . , Hadhrami , ) , informally known as Jama 'ah , are Indonesian citizens primarily of mixed Arab — mainly Hadhrami — and Indonesian descent .

Arab Indonesians are citizens of Indonesia .

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Restricted under Dutch East Indies law until 1919 , the community elites later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading .

Until 1919 , they were part of Dutch East Indies ' law . <SEP> Some people later gained economic power through real estate investment and trading .

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Currently found mainly in Java , especially West Java and South Sumatra , they are almost all Muslims .

Currently , most of them can be found in Java and South Sumatra .

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The community elites began to build economic power through trade and real estate acquisition , buying large amounts of real estate in Batavia ( modern-day Jakarta ) , Singapore and other parts of the archipelago .

The community elites began to build economic power through trade and real estate investment . <SEP> They bought large amounts of real estate in Batavia ( modern-day Jakarta ) , Singapore and other parts of this area .

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Through charity work and " conspicuous consumption " , they built and protected their social capital ; eventually , some Arab Indonesians joined the " Volksraad " , the people 's council of the Dutch East Indies .

Arab Indonesians did charity work , and built and protected their social capital . <SEP> Eventually , some Arab Indonesians joined the " Volksraad " , the people 's council of the Dutch East Indies .

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First generation immigrants are referred to as " wulaya ̄ ti ̄ " or " totok " .

First generation immigrants are called " wula ̄ yti ̄ " or " totok " .

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The majority , " muwallad " , were born in Indonesia and may be of mixed heritage .

The majority , " muwallad " ( plural form : " muwalladi ̄ n " ) , were born in Indonesia and may be of mixed heritage .

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The majority of Arab Indonesians live in Java and Madura , usually in cities or relatively big towns such as Jakarta , Pekalongan , Solo , Gresik or Surabaya .

The majority of Arab Indonesians live on Java , mostly in East Java .

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Arab Indonesians are almost all Muslim ; according to the 2000 census , 98.27 percent of Arab Indonesians are Muslim , compared to 88.22 percent of the general population .

Arab Indonesians are almost all Muslim . <SEP> According to the 2000 census , 98.27 percent of Arab Indonesians are Muslim , compared to 88.22 percent of the whole population .

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Historically , most have lived in so called kauman villages , in the areas around mosques , but this has changed in recent years .

Historically , most have lived in " kauman " , or the area around mosques , but this has changed in recent years .

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The majority are Sunni , following the Shafi 'i school of Islamic law with Ba ' Alawi sada families usually follow Ba ' Alawiyya tariqa .

The majority are Sunni , people who follow the Shafi 'i school of Islamic law . <SEP> The Shia are a growing minority .

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Children are generally sent to madrasahs , but many later advanced their education to secular schools .

Children are often sent to madrasahs .

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The Islam practiced by Arab Indonesians tends to be more orthodox than the local , indigenous-influenced forms like " abangan " who do not follow some of the more restrictive Islamic practices .

The Islam practiced by Arab Indonesians is more orthodox than the local , indigenous-influenced forms like " abangan " . <SEP> Many Arab Indonesians try to convince local Muslims to follow a more orthodox form of Islam as well .

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Giorgio Faletti ( ] ; 25 November 1950 – 4 July 2014 ) was an Italian writer , actor , comedian and singer-songwriter .

Giorgio Faletti ( 25 November 1950 – 4 July 2014 ) was an Italian writer , actor , comedian and singer-songwriter .

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His books have been translated into 25 languages and published with great success in Europe , South America , China , Japan , Russia and United States .

His books have been translated into 25 languages . <SEP> They have also been published with great success in Europe , South America , China , Japan , Russia and the United States .

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Born in Asti , Piedmont , he lived on Elba Island .

Faletti was born in Asti , Piedmont . <SEP> He lived on Elba Island .

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He was a supporter of Juventus FC .

He was a fan of the football team Juventus .

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Occitanie ( ] ; ] ; ] ) or Occitania is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica , created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es .

Occitanie is an administrative region of France that was created on 1 January 2016 from the former French regions Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es .

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The reform law used as the new region 's provisional name the hyphenated names of its predecessors : Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es , in alphabetical order .

" Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyre ́ ne ́ es " was the temporary name for the region .

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The Conseil d 'E ́ tat approved Occitanie as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016 , coming into effect on 30 September 2016 .

The name Occitania was approved as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016 , effective 30 September 2016 .

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It is also the extent to which changes could harm a system , or to which the community can be affected by the impact of a hazard or exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed , either physically or emotionally : " we were in a vulnerable position " .

Vulnerability means the extent to which changes can hurt or harm a person or a system .

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Vulnerability refers to the inability ( of a system or a unit ) to withstand the effects of a hostile environment .

Vulnerability refers to a person 's state of being liable to succumb , as to persuasion or temptation ( see Thywissen 2006 for a comparison of vulnerability definitions ) .

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The following season saw expansion , and Parise ́ was drafted by the California Seals on June 6 , 1967 .

Parise ́ was drafted by the Oakland Seals on June 6 , 1967 .

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On October 12 , he was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs for Bryan Hextall Jr. for Gerry Ehman and assigned to the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League .

On October 12 , the Seals traded him along with Bryan Hextall Jr. to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Gerry Ehman . <SEP> The Maple Leafs would assign Parise ́ to the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) .

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