caimira/pb-queries · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 4 8	text stringlengths 36 531	answer stringlengths 1 388	category stringclasses 10 values
q2200_3	The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun.	{black holes}	Science
q4924_3	The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted in the formation of the SEC. Dorothea Lange (LANG) took a famous photograph of Florence Owens Thompson during it, and it was exacerbated by drought in the Midwest leading to the Dust Bowl. For 10 points, Migrant Mother was taken during what economic downturn in the 1930s that Franklin Roosevelt tried to solve with his New Deal?	{Great Depression} [accept {banking crisis} before "SEC" is read]	History
q119_4	One of these landforms "of Tehuantepec" (teh-WAHN-teh-pek) is found in the Mexican states of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) and Veracruz. One "of Kra" connects the Malay Peninsula to the rest of Asia. The Suez Canal was built across one of these landforms separating the Red and Mediterranean Seas. For 10 points, name these narrow strips of land that connect larger land masses, another of which is the country of Panama.	{isthmus} [accept isthmi]	Geography
q3535_2	This man created a wedding guest who is accosted by a man lamenting, "Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink" in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." He collaborated with William Wordsworth on Lyrical Ballads and wrote a possibly opium-induced poem about a Mongol emperor who decreed "a stately pleasure dome" in Xanadu (ZAN-ah-doo).	Samuel Taylor Coleridge	Literature
q3303_1	This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown and Brandywine.	George Washington	History
q3364_1	The Andean type of these entities occurs beneath a continental plate, and it is at these sites that about 20% of Earth's crust has been consumed.	{subduction} zone	Science
q247_3	This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines. Lesotho is completely surrounded by this country, which was governed by an "apartheid" regime before it elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994. For 10 points, Pretoria and Cape Town are two capitals of what country at the lowest extremity of the African continent?	Republic of {South Africa} [or {RSA}]	Geography
q229_4	This river was known in ancient times as the "Black" River due to the black silt it deposited during floods. Lake Tana is one source of this river; John Speke discovered that the other was Lake Victoria. It forms from the confluence of namesake Blue and White Rivers near Khartoum. For 10 points, Aswan High Dam is on what longest river in the world?	{Nile} River	Geography
q731_2	Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not.	matrix [or matrices]	Science
q5001_1	The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011.	People's Republic of China [or PRC; or Zhongguo; or Zhonggua Renmin Gongheguo]	History
q1407_4	Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife. That wife later won a second Nobel Prize for her work isolating radium, and named the element polonium after her native country. For 10 points, give the last name of physicist Pierre and his wife Marie.	Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]	Science
q966_1	Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring.	flute	Fine Arts
q1724_3	This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man." In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv).	Fyodor Dostoevsky	Literature
q2641_5	The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light. On Earth, it is sometimes confused with weight, though it is measured not in pounds but in grams. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object.	{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]	Science
q273_2	A PowerPoint presentation released by this organization details how Bank of America plans to attack it. One portion of this organization is run by the Sunshine Press.	WikiLeaks	Trash
q401_3	This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans." The main character of this work loses the fencing team's equipment on the subway and has siblings named D.B, Allie, and Phoebe. That protagonist gets kicked out of (*) Pencey Prep, and walks around New York City complaining about the "phoniness" of the world.	The Catcher in the Rye	Literature
q2036_2	In one work, this writer wrote about Otto, whose scientific curiosity is not shared by Axel Lidenbrock (“LIE-den-brock”). In another of his novels, the Abraham Lincoln is captained by Pierre Aronnax (“AIR- oh-nax”) and the Nautilus is captained by Captain Nemo.	Jules {Verne}	Literature
q487_2	One of this writer's stories follows Annemarie Johansen as she helps her friend Ellen escape from Nazi-occupied Denmark. A sequel to this author's most well-known book follows the weaver Kira, and that book ends with Jonah and Gabe fleeing the dystopian society they live in.	Lois {Lowry} [or Lois Ann {Hammersberg}]	Literature
q711_3	This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented.	{Hermes}	Mythology
q845_4	This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B." Another of his poems asks if "a dream deferred" "dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun." He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." In his most famous poem, he mentions the "droning" of "a drowsy syncopated tune."	James {Langston Hughes}	Literature
q813_4	This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object. In general, this nonconservative force is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, and it converts kinetic energy into internal energy. For a given object, the kinetic variety is less than the static type. For 10 points, name this force between surfaces that opposes the motion of an object.	friction	Science
q2030_4	All solutions of Diophantine (DYE-oh-FAN-teen) equations are in this set. This set is closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division, and is denoted by a boldface Z. The absolute value of any number in this set except 0 is a natural number. Rational numbers can be expressed as the quotient of two of these kinds of numbers.	integers	Science
q5367_3	During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed on the first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing after day two. For 10 points, name this April 6, 1862 battle fought in Tennessee.	Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]	History
q5117_4	Ancient practitioners of this art form include Polykleitos (PAHL-ee-KLY-tohss), whose Doryphoros (dorr-ee-FOR-ohss) is one of the oldest Greek works that still exists. Other practitioners of this art form include Phidias and Myron. Modern works of this type include Frederic Remington's Bronco Buster. For 10 points, name this type of art exemplified by Michelangelo's Pieta and The Thinker by Auguste Rodin.	sculpture [or word forms, such as sculpting]	Religion
q89_1	The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements.	Paris	Geography
q5008_4	Cadmus once killed this deity's dragon and had to serve this deity for eight years, after which he married Harmonia, this deity's daughter. This deity was wounded by Diomedes (die-AHM- ee-dees) during the Trojan War when he appeared on the battlefield helping the Trojans. This deity's union with Aphrodite yielded Eros (AIR-ohs) and his attendants Phobos (FOE-bows) and Deimos (DAY-mows). For 10 points, which son of Zeus and Hera is the Greek god of war?	{Ares} [prompt on {Mars} until "Greek"]	Mythology
q1052_1	The heat of fusion is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance for this process to occur without a change in temperature.	melting	Science
q39_4	The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (teh-WAHN-tuh-peck) is located in this nation, whose capital is overlooked by twin volcanoes called "Izta" and "Popo." States in this country include Michoacan (mee- SHOW-ah-kahn) , Veracruz, and the home of the Zapotec (ZAP-oh-tek) people, Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah). Its capital, a city once called Tenochtitlan (tay-NOHCH-tee-tlahn), was the center of the Aztec civilization. For 10 points, name this Spanish-speaking nation located south of the Rio Grande River.	Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]	Geography
q1600_5	This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview. For 10 points, name this troubled actor who played Charlie Harper on Two And A Half Men.	{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]	Trash
q3435_4	A system's Lagrangian (lah-GRAN-jee-uhn) equals this quantity minus potential energy. This quantity can be found by dividing the square of an objects momentum by twice its mass. The change in this quantity for an object is equal to the net work done on the object. It equals one-half times mass times velocity squared.	{kinetic energy} [prompt on energy; accept kinetic after "energy" but prompt before]	Science
q1415_4	According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf.	Adam	Religion
q623_4	This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama.	Portugal	History
q374_5	Some of this empire's ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham. One ruler of this empire fought a civil war with his half-brother Huascar (whas-car). That ruler was captured at the battle of Cajamarca (ka-ha-mar-ka), and he was named Atahualpa (Ata·hual·pa). This empire had its capital at (*) Cuzco, and famous ruins from this empire can be found at Machu Picchu in Peru. For 10 points, name this South American empire that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.	{Inca} Empire [or {Tawantinsuyu}]	History
q4850_1	This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather.	Sir {Galahad}	Mythology
q4197_1	In one myth, these creatures rose from the blood spilled by Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him.	{Erinnyes} [{accept} Eumenídes; accept {Furies;} accept Dirae (dahy-ree)]	Mythology
q19_1	This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties.	Alaska	Geography
q1416_3	This term describes a type of friction whose coefficient is usually larger than that of kinetic friction. It describes a type of equilibrium in which the net torque and net force both equal zero, resulting in a motionless object. A buildup of charge on the surface of an object creates this type of electricity.	static	Science
q2027_2	The Antennae and The Mice are interacting examples of these objects, and Seyfert's Sextet are a group of them. Tidal tails form in these objects, when one or more of them merge.	{galaxy}	Science
q694_2	In book one of this work, the word Pandemonium is first used to describe Satan's palace. Satan eventually tricks Uriel into letting him escape, and he makes his way to earth to tempt mankind.	Paradise Lost	Literature
q1268_4	This holiday commemorates the result of a trial before the Sanhedrin (san-HEE-drin), which was led by Caiaphas (KYE-uh-fuss). Some believe that trial took place the day before, leading them to begin observation of this holiday a day early. It commemorates the day that Pontius Pilate (PON-ti-US PYElate) attempted to prevent rioting by permitting the execution of Jesus Christ. For 10 points, name this holiday that occurs two days before Easter.	{Good Friday} [or {Great Friday;} or {Holy Friday}]	Religion
q401_1	This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans."	The Catcher in the Rye	Literature
q1700_3	Fatty acids contain long chains of hydrogen and this element. Methane consists of four hydrogens bonded to this element. One form of this element in a cylindrical structure is the strongest known material, and is known as a namesake nanotube.	carbon [or C; accept carbon nanotubes before "nanotube"]	Science
q2405_4	In publishing, this six-letter term describes a set of journal issues published in the same year. It also describes the sound level output from a computer or television. Density equals mass divided by a quantity with this name. For 10 points, give this term for the amount of space an object occupies, which for a cube equals side length cubed.	volume	Science
q5040_3	This type of respiration takes place when limited oxygen is available. It is used to make sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt, and can be carried out by (*) microorganisms such as yeast. For 10 points, name this process in which sugars are converted into ethanol, examples of which include the conversion of grapes to wine and wheat to beer.	{fermentation} [accept word forms; prompt on {\"anaerobic\" respiration}]	Science
q4858_4	This dynasty inherited portions of the Netherlands after the death of the Burgundian monarch Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy. One ruler of this family won the Battle of Pavia and captured Francis I of France in the process; that ruler was Charles V. Another ruler from this family lost Silesia to Fredrick the Great; that ruler was Maria Theresa. For 10 points, identify this dynasty with Austrian and Spanish branches.	House of {Hapsburg} [or {Habsburgs}]	History
q3493_4	At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind. A temporary peace during this war was the Treaty of Bretigny. This conflict saw a battle on St. Crispin's Day that was the subject of the speech about "ye band of brothers." (*) Joan of Arc was captured and burnt at the stake during this war.	{Hundred Years\' War}	History
q2223_4	Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor.(*) For 10 points, name this painting of a married couple by Jan van Eyck [yan van "ike"].	{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]	Fine Arts
q1600_2	This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters.	{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]	Trash
q711_2	This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free.	{Hermes}	Mythology
q2189_3	Notable writers in this form included Guy de Maupassant, and it also makes up the book Dubliners by James Joyce. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are examples of this form by Washington Irving. Edgar Allen Poe said one of these should be able to be read in a (*) single sitting.	short story	Literature
q1365_3	This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra. This instrument's tone can be lowered by one-and-a-half steps by pressing either its third or both its first and second (*) valves. For 10 points, name this brass instrument whose timbre is slightly brighter than that of a cornet.	trumpet	Fine Arts
q8390_3	The reaction to this man's recent promise of a zero percent increase in public spending led John Bercow to call for order. He became a member of the Shadow Cabinet in 1986. In 1994, he was rumored to be a candidate for the leadership of the Labour Party, but struck the Granita Pact with man he would eventually succeed, Tony Blair.	Gordon {Brown}	History
q3493_1	At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind.	{Hundred Years\' War}	History
q1590_2	Two characters in this book later appear as the main characters of Many Waters. Mrs.	A Wrinkle in Time	Literature
q1518_1	This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company.	New York City	Literature
q1867_3	This author represented three branches of Christianity as Peter, Martin, and Jack in A Tale of a Tub. One satire by this man facetiously calls for serving Irish babies as food and is called A Modest Proposal. His most famous work depicts the travels of the title captain to various fantastical lands, including Glubbdubdrib.	Jonathan Swift	Literature
q165_2	An ideal blackbody is an object that absorbs all energy transferred by this process. This is the process in which energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth, because it is the only form of heat exchange that can pass through a vacuum.	thermal {radiation} [or heat radiation]	Science
q304_1	This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench.	Antarctica	Geography
q2149_4	This artist's statues of a dying slave and a horned Moses were to adorn the tomb of Julius II. His only signed work is one in which Mary holds the dead body of Jesus, entitled Pietá (“pee-AY-tuh”). One of his works depicts a nude giant killer holding a sling. This man depicted several scenes from Genesis in The Last Judgement.	{Michelangelo} di Lodovico {Buonarroti} Simoni [accept either]	Fine Arts
q3657_3	The University of Breslau gave this composer of 21 Hungarian Dances an honorary doctorate degree; he returned the favor by composing the Academic Festival Overture. One of his works replaces the Latin text with verses from the Lutheran Bible, and his 1st Symphony is so heavily inspired by (*) Beethoven that it's often called "Beethoven's Tenth." For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and a children's lullaby.	Johannes {Brahms}	Fine Arts
q2661_1	This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed.	Ottoman Empire [or Osmanic Empire; or Osmanion Empire]	History
q4339_3	This man's brothers were Nahor and Haran, and his father was Terah. He told his wife to say that she was his sister to evade Egyptian guards. This man fathered Ishmael with Hagar, but he is more famous for nearly (*) sacrificing his son, Isaac.	Abraham [accept Abram]	Religion
q167_5	This island was home to the settlement of Brattahlid beginning in the 10th century. In 2005, an island now called "Warming Island" was found off the coast of this island. Off the west coast of this island are Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Its largest cities are Sisimiut and Nuuk, and it is an autonomous country within (*) Denmark. For 10 points, name this huge island that lies between Iceland and Canada.	Greenland [or Kalaallit Nunaat]	Geography
q861_1	One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is "Ned" Kelly.	Commonwealth of Australia	History
q647_1	In one novel, this writer depicts a character named Protopopov (“PRO-tow-POP-ahv”) who becomes the lover of Natasha, the selfish wife of Andrey Prozorov (“PRO-zor-ahv”).	Anton Pavlovich {Chekhov}	Literature
q622_4	Paul Wittgenstein (“VIT-gen-SHTINE”) commissioned concertos for this instrument that used only the left hand. This instrument is said to have been invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (“BAR-tow-lo- MAY-oh KRIS-tow-for-ee”). It was originally named for its ability to play both loud and soft sounds, which made it an improvement over the clavichord and harpsichord. For 10 points, name this musical instrument that has thirty-six black and fifty-two white keys.	{piano} [accept {pianoforte}]	Fine Arts
q5362_2	This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012.	The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]	History
q1758_3	This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This leader coined the term "bully pulpit" and introduced the Square Deal. During the Spanish-American War, he led a charge up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders, and he would later run for President on the Bull Moose ticket.	{Theodore} "Teddy" {Roosevelt} [prompt on Roosevelt; prompt on T.R.]	History
q2557_1	This man fought against Ariovistus (“air-ee-oh-VIS-tuss”), a German leader, and Vercingetorix (“ver- KING-uh-TOR-ix”), a chieftain of the Arverni (“ar-VEHR-nee”) whose defeat is described in this man's book, Commentaries on the Gallic Wars.	Julius {Caesar}	History
q4861_4	Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death. At its start, Heimdall will blow the Gjallarhorn and Loki will break free from his imprisonment. During this event, Thor will kill the Midgard Serpent, only to die from its poison.	Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]	Mythology
q1295_2	Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni (lord-AYS ah-FEE-oon-EE) was arrested in this country on graft charges because she ordered the release of banker Luis Cedeno (loo-EE SEH-dane-YO). In the past twelve years, this country nationalized major companies like the steel corporation SIDOR.	Bolivarian Republic of {Venezuela}	Trash
q1934_1	This dynasty established the House of Wisdom, or Bayt al-Hikma (BITE all HEEK-mah), at which algebra was invented.	Abbasid Caliphate [or Abbasids]	History
q117_3	This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania.	New Jersey	Geography
q1506_5	The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti." Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of, for 10 points, what term for any substance that occupies space and has mass.	matter	Science
q1061_5	This country was ruled by Fulgencio (“fool-HEN-see-oh”) Batista, who was deposed in 1959. It was the site of the Rough Riders' victory at San Juan Hill. The only U.S. territory on this island is a naval base at Guantanamo (“GWAHN-TAHN-uh-mo”) Bay. Soviet missiles discovered here in 1962 led to a namesake “crisis.” For 10 points, name this island country once ruled by Fidel Castro.	Republic of {Cuba} [or Republica de {Cuba}]	History
q1796_3	One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours.	France	History
q1957_4	These objects contain columns called seracs and tubes called moulins. They create kame (CAME) and kettle topography as well as drumlins, which are land forms in the shape of whales, and kettles, which are generally shallow lakes. The debris they leave behind is often called a moraine. For 10 points, name these large long-lasting accumulations of snow and ice, found in places such as a namesake Montana national park.	glaciers	Science
q368_1	The antibiotic erythromycin works by disrupting this organelle, which contains E, P, and A sites on its large subunit.	ribosomes	Science
q5300_2	This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire at Veracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader's capture after the Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.	Antonio López de {Santa Anna} [prompt on Napoleon of the West before it is read]	History
q603_4	Ilya Mechnikov first studied this body system by inserting thorns in starfish, and its longevity depends on memory cells. An inflammatory response attracts macrophages from this system, while another of its cells is targeted by HIV. T cells and B cells are the major white blood cells of this system, which produces antibodies. For 10 points, name this body system that defends an organism against bacterial and viral infections.	immune system	Science
q3341_3	This constellation contains the Trapezium Cluster and is the site of a late-October meteor shower. One of its stars, formerly known as the Amazon Star, is Bellatrix, and its brightest stars are Betelgeuse and Rigel. Its namesake nebula joins with Hatysa and other stars to form its sword, while Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka form its belt.	Orion [prompt on Hunter before it is read]	Science
q5666_3	Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?	{Johann Sebastian Bach} [accept {Coffee Cantata} before "cantata" is read]	Fine Arts
q13259_5	This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park. Its 1968 championship team featured Lou Brock and Bob Gibson. In February 2011 this team signed former center fielder Jim Edmonds to a minor league deal. For 10 points, name this NL Central team whose lineup includes Matt Holliday and Albert Pujols.	St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]	Trash
q2742_4	Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land.	Hera	Mythology
q406_1	The island of Marajo (mah-RAH-hoh) is located at the mouth of this river which was named by Spanish conquistador Francisco de Orellana (day OH-ray-YAH-nah) for the warrior women of Greek mythology.	{Amazon} River [accept Rio {Amazonas}]	Geography
q43_2	This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle.	Alaska	Geography
q3979_3	This country's Minister of Defense Dawoud Rajiha [dah-WOOD RAJ-ha] was rumored to be assassinated in May 2012 and was then killed in a July 2012 bombing at Rawda Square. Opposition forces in this country are backed by (*) Turkey, and it has experienced fighting in its cities of Homs and Aleppo. For 10 points, name this country currently led by Bashar al-Assad that has also experienced fighting in its capital of Damascus.	{Syrian} Arab Republic [or al-{Jumhuriyah} al-Arabiyah as-{Suriyah}]	Trash
q3403_2	The carrack Mary Rose sank during the reign of this ruler, who ordered Thomas Cromwell to dissolve the monasteries. Thomas Cranmer was Archbishop of Canterbury under this ruler, who became the supreme head of the Protestant Church of England.	{Henry VIII} [prompt on Henry or {Henry} Tudor]	History
q1359_2	Along with his accomplice David Herold, he was tracked down to the farm of Richard Garrett where he was shot and killed by Boston Corbett. He received medical attention from Dr. Samuel Mudd in the wake of his most famous action, and after jumping from a balcony onto the stage, he famously shouted "sic semper tyrannis" to the crowd at Ford's Theater.	John Wilkes {Booth}	History
q411_1	This artist did not finish his Cars series, which showed various Mercedes-Benz models.	Andy {Warhol} [or Andrew {Warhola}]	History
q2525_6	This building was constructed with help from Hiram (HYE-ruhm), King of Tyre ("TIRE"). It contained two large pillars named Jachin (JAH-hin) and Boaz. It was ostensibly built on Mount Moriah, which is now home to the Dome of the Rock. This building housed the Ark of the Covenant. After it was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar (NEH-boo-kah-NEZZ-er), it was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again in 70 CE. For 10 points, identify this place of worship first built by Solomon.	{temple of Jerusalem} [accept temple of Solomon before "Dome of the Rock;" prompt on temple]	Religion
q623_5	This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.	Portugal	History
q2436_2	One work by this composer includes the sections "O Death, where is thy sting?" and "I know that my Redeemer liveth." He included two bourrées in a collection of three suites first played on barges on the River Thames for George I. This composer of Water Music composed a fugue on the line "and he shall reign for ever and ever" in a chorus named (*) "Hallelujah."	George Frideric Händel	Fine Arts
q1607_1	The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth."	sonnet [prompt on \"poem\"; accept Shakesperean sonnet during the first sentence, but do not accept after; do not accept Petrarchan sonnet]	Literature
q4657_3	The "abstract" form of this branch of mathematics concerns rings and fields, while the "linear" form concerns matrices. The elementary form of it introduces variables to represent numbers in expressions and equations. For 10 points, identify this branch of mathematics concerned with finding solutions for various types of equations, including quadratics and systems of equations.	algebra	Science
q3076_4	The announcement of this object's existence was hinted at by a shadow on invitations to an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Disputes over strict quality control demands threatened production at the Foxconn facility that manufactures it. This device comes with EarPods and introduced the (*) Lightning connector, as well as a longer screen than its predecessor, the 4S. For 10 points, name this latest version of Apple's cell phone product.	{iPhone}	Trash
q132_3	Pablo Neruda wrote several "Elementary" poems of this type to common objects. One type of this poetic form contains three stanzas, the first two of which are the strophe (STRO-fee) and antistrophe (ann-TISS-tro-fee). That type was invented by Pindar, who along with Horace is a namesake of a type of this poem.	ode	Literature
q712_2	The European cuckoo is a brood example of this type of bird, and mistletoe is a common plant of this type. Trypanosomes (trih-PAN-oh-soams), which cause sleeping sickness, are one of many protist species of this type, and the blood fluke is this kind of worm that uses a snail as an intermediate host.	parasite [or parasitic]	Science
q1384_2	This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart.	George Washington	Fine Arts
q96_2	In this work, Fedallah's three prophecies come true, including the main character's death by hemp rope. The protagonist uses a gold doubloon to gain his men's support, but in the end, the coffee-addicted Starbuck dies, as do Tashtego and Queequeg.	{Moby Dick,} or {The Whale}	Literature

q2200_3

The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun.

{black holes}

Science

q4924_3

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted in the formation of the SEC. Dorothea Lange (LANG) took a famous photograph of Florence Owens Thompson during it, and it was exacerbated by drought in the Midwest leading to the Dust Bowl. For 10 points, Migrant Mother was taken during what economic downturn in the 1930s that Franklin Roosevelt tried to solve with his New Deal?

{Great Depression} [accept {banking crisis} before "SEC" is read]

History

q119_4

One of these landforms "of Tehuantepec" (teh-WAHN-teh-pek) is found in the Mexican states of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) and Veracruz. One "of Kra" connects the Malay Peninsula to the rest of Asia. The Suez Canal was built across one of these landforms separating the Red and Mediterranean Seas. For 10 points, name these narrow strips of land that connect larger land masses, another of which is the country of Panama.

{isthmus} [accept isthmi]

Geography

q3535_2

This man created a wedding guest who is accosted by a man lamenting, "Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink" in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." He collaborated with William Wordsworth on Lyrical Ballads and wrote a possibly opium-induced poem about a Mongol emperor who decreed "a stately pleasure dome" in Xanadu (ZAN-ah-doo).

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Literature

q3303_1

This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown and Brandywine.

George Washington

History

q3364_1

The Andean type of these entities occurs beneath a continental plate, and it is at these sites that about 20% of Earth's crust has been consumed.

{subduction} zone

Science

q247_3

This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines. Lesotho is completely surrounded by this country, which was governed by an "apartheid" regime before it elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994. For 10 points, Pretoria and Cape Town are two capitals of what country at the lowest extremity of the African continent?

Republic of {South Africa} [or {RSA}]

Geography

q229_4

This river was known in ancient times as the "Black" River due to the black silt it deposited during floods. Lake Tana is one source of this river; John Speke discovered that the other was Lake Victoria. It forms from the confluence of namesake Blue and White Rivers near Khartoum. For 10 points, Aswan High Dam is on what longest river in the world?

{Nile} River

Geography

q731_2

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not.

matrix [or matrices]

Science

q5001_1

The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011.

People's Republic of China [or PRC; or Zhongguo; or Zhonggua Renmin Gongheguo]

History

q1407_4

Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife. That wife later won a second Nobel Prize for her work isolating radium, and named the element polonium after her native country. For 10 points, give the last name of physicist Pierre and his wife Marie.

Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]

Science

q966_1

Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring.

flute

Fine Arts

q1724_3

This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man." In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv).

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Literature

q2641_5

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light. On Earth, it is sometimes confused with weight, though it is measured not in pounds but in grams. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object.

{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]

Science

q273_2

A PowerPoint presentation released by this organization details how Bank of America plans to attack it. One portion of this organization is run by the Sunshine Press.

WikiLeaks

Trash

q401_3

This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans." The main character of this work loses the fencing team's equipment on the subway and has siblings named D.B, Allie, and Phoebe. That protagonist gets kicked out of (*) Pencey Prep, and walks around New York City complaining about the "phoniness" of the world.

The Catcher in the Rye

Literature

q2036_2

In one work, this writer wrote about Otto, whose scientific curiosity is not shared by Axel Lidenbrock (“LIE-den-brock”). In another of his novels, the Abraham Lincoln is captained by Pierre Aronnax (“AIR- oh-nax”) and the Nautilus is captained by Captain Nemo.

Jules {Verne}

Literature

q487_2

One of this writer's stories follows Annemarie Johansen as she helps her friend Ellen escape from Nazi-occupied Denmark. A sequel to this author's most well-known book follows the weaver Kira, and that book ends with Jonah and Gabe fleeing the dystopian society they live in.

Lois {Lowry} [or Lois Ann {Hammersberg}]

Literature

q711_3

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented.

{Hermes}

Mythology

q845_4

This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B." Another of his poems asks if "a dream deferred" "dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun." He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." In his most famous poem, he mentions the "droning" of "a drowsy syncopated tune."

James {Langston Hughes}

Literature

q813_4

This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object. In general, this nonconservative force is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, and it converts kinetic energy into internal energy. For a given object, the kinetic variety is less than the static type. For 10 points, name this force between surfaces that opposes the motion of an object.

friction

Science

q2030_4

All solutions of Diophantine (DYE-oh-FAN-teen) equations are in this set. This set is closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division, and is denoted by a boldface Z. The absolute value of any number in this set except 0 is a natural number. Rational numbers can be expressed as the quotient of two of these kinds of numbers.

integers

Science

q5367_3

During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed on the first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing after day two. For 10 points, name this April 6, 1862 battle fought in Tennessee.

Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]

History

q5117_4

Ancient practitioners of this art form include Polykleitos (PAHL-ee-KLY-tohss), whose Doryphoros (dorr-ee-FOR-ohss) is one of the oldest Greek works that still exists. Other practitioners of this art form include Phidias and Myron. Modern works of this type include Frederic Remington's Bronco Buster. For 10 points, name this type of art exemplified by Michelangelo's Pieta and The Thinker by Auguste Rodin.

sculpture [or word forms, such as sculpting]

Religion

q89_1

The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements.

Paris

Geography

q5008_4

Cadmus once killed this deity's dragon and had to serve this deity for eight years, after which he married Harmonia, this deity's daughter. This deity was wounded by Diomedes (die-AHM- ee-dees) during the Trojan War when he appeared on the battlefield helping the Trojans. This deity's union with Aphrodite yielded Eros (AIR-ohs) and his attendants Phobos (FOE-bows) and Deimos (DAY-mows). For 10 points, which son of Zeus and Hera is the Greek god of war?

{Ares} [prompt on {Mars} until "Greek"]

Mythology

q1052_1

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance for this process to occur without a change in temperature.

melting

Science

q39_4

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (teh-WAHN-tuh-peck) is located in this nation, whose capital is overlooked by twin volcanoes called "Izta" and "Popo." States in this country include Michoacan (mee- SHOW-ah-kahn) , Veracruz, and the home of the Zapotec (ZAP-oh-tek) people, Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah). Its capital, a city once called Tenochtitlan (tay-NOHCH-tee-tlahn), was the center of the Aztec civilization. For 10 points, name this Spanish-speaking nation located south of the Rio Grande River.

Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]

Geography

q1600_5

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview. For 10 points, name this troubled actor who played Charlie Harper on Two And A Half Men.

{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]

Trash

q3435_4

A system's Lagrangian (lah-GRAN-jee-uhn) equals this quantity minus potential energy. This quantity can be found by dividing the square of an objects momentum by twice its mass. The change in this quantity for an object is equal to the net work done on the object. It equals one-half times mass times velocity squared.

{kinetic energy} [prompt on energy; accept kinetic after "energy" but prompt before]

Science

q1415_4

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf.

Adam

Religion

q623_4

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama.

Portugal

History

q374_5

Some of this empire's ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham. One ruler of this empire fought a civil war with his half-brother Huascar (whas-car). That ruler was captured at the battle of Cajamarca (ka-ha-mar-ka), and he was named Atahualpa (Ata·hual·pa). This empire had its capital at (*) Cuzco, and famous ruins from this empire can be found at Machu Picchu in Peru. For 10 points, name this South American empire that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

{Inca} Empire [or {Tawantinsuyu}]

History

q4850_1

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather.

Sir {Galahad}

Mythology

q4197_1

In one myth, these creatures rose from the blood spilled by Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him.

{Erinnyes} [{accept} Eumenídes; accept {Furies;} accept Dirae (dahy-ree)]

Mythology

q19_1

This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties.

Alaska

Geography

q1416_3

This term describes a type of friction whose coefficient is usually larger than that of kinetic friction. It describes a type of equilibrium in which the net torque and net force both equal zero, resulting in a motionless object. A buildup of charge on the surface of an object creates this type of electricity.

static

Science

q2027_2

The Antennae and The Mice are interacting examples of these objects, and Seyfert's Sextet are a group of them. Tidal tails form in these objects, when one or more of them merge.

{galaxy}

Science

q694_2

In book one of this work, the word Pandemonium is first used to describe Satan's palace. Satan eventually tricks Uriel into letting him escape, and he makes his way to earth to tempt mankind.

Paradise Lost

Literature

q1268_4

This holiday commemorates the result of a trial before the Sanhedrin (san-HEE-drin), which was led by Caiaphas (KYE-uh-fuss). Some believe that trial took place the day before, leading them to begin observation of this holiday a day early. It commemorates the day that Pontius Pilate (PON-ti-US PYElate) attempted to prevent rioting by permitting the execution of Jesus Christ. For 10 points, name this holiday that occurs two days before Easter.

{Good Friday} [or {Great Friday;} or {Holy Friday}]

Religion

q401_1

This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans."

The Catcher in the Rye

Literature

q1700_3

Fatty acids contain long chains of hydrogen and this element. Methane consists of four hydrogens bonded to this element. One form of this element in a cylindrical structure is the strongest known material, and is known as a namesake nanotube.

carbon [or C; accept carbon nanotubes before "nanotube"]

Science

q2405_4

In publishing, this six-letter term describes a set of journal issues published in the same year. It also describes the sound level output from a computer or television. Density equals mass divided by a quantity with this name. For 10 points, give this term for the amount of space an object occupies, which for a cube equals side length cubed.

volume

Science

q5040_3

This type of respiration takes place when limited oxygen is available. It is used to make sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt, and can be carried out by (*) microorganisms such as yeast. For 10 points, name this process in which sugars are converted into ethanol, examples of which include the conversion of grapes to wine and wheat to beer.

{fermentation} [accept word forms; prompt on {\"anaerobic\" respiration}]

Science

q4858_4

This dynasty inherited portions of the Netherlands after the death of the Burgundian monarch Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy. One ruler of this family won the Battle of Pavia and captured Francis I of France in the process; that ruler was Charles V. Another ruler from this family lost Silesia to Fredrick the Great; that ruler was Maria Theresa. For 10 points, identify this dynasty with Austrian and Spanish branches.

House of {Hapsburg} [or {Habsburgs}]

History

q3493_4

At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind. A temporary peace during this war was the Treaty of Bretigny. This conflict saw a battle on St. Crispin's Day that was the subject of the speech about "ye band of brothers." (*) Joan of Arc was captured and burnt at the stake during this war.

{Hundred Years\' War}

History

q2223_4

Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor.(*) For 10 points, name this painting of a married couple by Jan van Eyck [yan van "ike"].

{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]

Fine Arts

q1600_2

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters.

{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]

Trash

q711_2

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free.

{Hermes}

Mythology

q2189_3

Notable writers in this form included Guy de Maupassant, and it also makes up the book Dubliners by James Joyce. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are examples of this form by Washington Irving. Edgar Allen Poe said one of these should be able to be read in a (*) single sitting.

short story

Literature

q1365_3

This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra. This instrument's tone can be lowered by one-and-a-half steps by pressing either its third or both its first and second (*) valves. For 10 points, name this brass instrument whose timbre is slightly brighter than that of a cornet.

trumpet

Fine Arts

q8390_3

The reaction to this man's recent promise of a zero percent increase in public spending led John Bercow to call for order. He became a member of the Shadow Cabinet in 1986. In 1994, he was rumored to be a candidate for the leadership of the Labour Party, but struck the Granita Pact with man he would eventually succeed, Tony Blair.

Gordon {Brown}

History

q3493_1

At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind.

{Hundred Years\' War}

History

q1590_2

Two characters in this book later appear as the main characters of Many Waters. Mrs.

A Wrinkle in Time

Literature

q1518_1

This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company.

New York City

Literature

q1867_3

This author represented three branches of Christianity as Peter, Martin, and Jack in A Tale of a Tub. One satire by this man facetiously calls for serving Irish babies as food and is called A Modest Proposal. His most famous work depicts the travels of the title captain to various fantastical lands, including Glubbdubdrib.

Jonathan Swift

Literature

q165_2

An ideal blackbody is an object that absorbs all energy transferred by this process. This is the process in which energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth, because it is the only form of heat exchange that can pass through a vacuum.

thermal {radiation} [or heat radiation]

Science

q304_1

This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench.

Antarctica

Geography

q2149_4

This artist's statues of a dying slave and a horned Moses were to adorn the tomb of Julius II. His only signed work is one in which Mary holds the dead body of Jesus, entitled Pietá (“pee-AY-tuh”). One of his works depicts a nude giant killer holding a sling. This man depicted several scenes from Genesis in The Last Judgement.

{Michelangelo} di Lodovico {Buonarroti} Simoni [accept either]

Fine Arts

q3657_3

The University of Breslau gave this composer of 21 Hungarian Dances an honorary doctorate degree; he returned the favor by composing the Academic Festival Overture. One of his works replaces the Latin text with verses from the Lutheran Bible, and his 1st Symphony is so heavily inspired by (*) Beethoven that it's often called "Beethoven's Tenth." For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and a children's lullaby.

Johannes {Brahms}

Fine Arts

q2661_1

This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed.

Ottoman Empire [or Osmanic Empire; or Osmanion Empire]

History

q4339_3

This man's brothers were Nahor and Haran, and his father was Terah. He told his wife to say that she was his sister to evade Egyptian guards. This man fathered Ishmael with Hagar, but he is more famous for nearly (*) sacrificing his son, Isaac.

Abraham [accept Abram]

Religion

q167_5

This island was home to the settlement of Brattahlid beginning in the 10th century. In 2005, an island now called "Warming Island" was found off the coast of this island. Off the west coast of this island are Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Its largest cities are Sisimiut and Nuuk, and it is an autonomous country within (*) Denmark. For 10 points, name this huge island that lies between Iceland and Canada.

Greenland [or Kalaallit Nunaat]

Geography

q861_1

One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is "Ned" Kelly.

Commonwealth of Australia

History

q647_1

In one novel, this writer depicts a character named Protopopov (“PRO-tow-POP-ahv”) who becomes the lover of Natasha, the selfish wife of Andrey Prozorov (“PRO-zor-ahv”).

Anton Pavlovich {Chekhov}

Literature

q622_4

Paul Wittgenstein (“VIT-gen-SHTINE”) commissioned concertos for this instrument that used only the left hand. This instrument is said to have been invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (“BAR-tow-lo- MAY-oh KRIS-tow-for-ee”). It was originally named for its ability to play both loud and soft sounds, which made it an improvement over the clavichord and harpsichord. For 10 points, name this musical instrument that has thirty-six black and fifty-two white keys.

{piano} [accept {pianoforte}]

Fine Arts

q5362_2

This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012.

The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]

History

q1758_3

This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This leader coined the term "bully pulpit" and introduced the Square Deal. During the Spanish-American War, he led a charge up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders, and he would later run for President on the Bull Moose ticket.

{Theodore} "Teddy" {Roosevelt} [prompt on Roosevelt; prompt on T.R.]

History

q2557_1

This man fought against Ariovistus (“air-ee-oh-VIS-tuss”), a German leader, and Vercingetorix (“ver- KING-uh-TOR-ix”), a chieftain of the Arverni (“ar-VEHR-nee”) whose defeat is described in this man's book, Commentaries on the Gallic Wars.

Julius {Caesar}

History

q4861_4

Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death. At its start, Heimdall will blow the Gjallarhorn and Loki will break free from his imprisonment. During this event, Thor will kill the Midgard Serpent, only to die from its poison.

Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]

Mythology

q1295_2

Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni (lord-AYS ah-FEE-oon-EE) was arrested in this country on graft charges because she ordered the release of banker Luis Cedeno (loo-EE SEH-dane-YO). In the past twelve years, this country nationalized major companies like the steel corporation SIDOR.

Bolivarian Republic of {Venezuela}

Trash

q1934_1

This dynasty established the House of Wisdom, or Bayt al-Hikma (BITE all HEEK-mah), at which algebra was invented.

Abbasid Caliphate [or Abbasids]

History

q117_3

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania.

New Jersey

Geography

q1506_5

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti." Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of, for 10 points, what term for any substance that occupies space and has mass.

matter

Science

q1061_5

This country was ruled by Fulgencio (“fool-HEN-see-oh”) Batista, who was deposed in 1959. It was the site of the Rough Riders' victory at San Juan Hill. The only U.S. territory on this island is a naval base at Guantanamo (“GWAHN-TAHN-uh-mo”) Bay. Soviet missiles discovered here in 1962 led to a namesake “crisis.” For 10 points, name this island country once ruled by Fidel Castro.

Republic of {Cuba} [or Republica de {Cuba}]

History

q1796_3

One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours.

France

History

q1957_4

These objects contain columns called seracs and tubes called moulins. They create kame (CAME) and kettle topography as well as drumlins, which are land forms in the shape of whales, and kettles, which are generally shallow lakes. The debris they leave behind is often called a moraine. For 10 points, name these large long-lasting accumulations of snow and ice, found in places such as a namesake Montana national park.

glaciers

Science

q368_1

The antibiotic erythromycin works by disrupting this organelle, which contains E, P, and A sites on its large subunit.

ribosomes

Science

q5300_2

This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire at Veracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader's capture after the Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.

Antonio López de {Santa Anna} [prompt on Napoleon of the West before it is read]

History

q603_4

Ilya Mechnikov first studied this body system by inserting thorns in starfish, and its longevity depends on memory cells. An inflammatory response attracts macrophages from this system, while another of its cells is targeted by HIV. T cells and B cells are the major white blood cells of this system, which produces antibodies. For 10 points, name this body system that defends an organism against bacterial and viral infections.

immune system

Science

q3341_3

This constellation contains the Trapezium Cluster and is the site of a late-October meteor shower. One of its stars, formerly known as the Amazon Star, is Bellatrix, and its brightest stars are Betelgeuse and Rigel. Its namesake nebula joins with Hatysa and other stars to form its sword, while Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka form its belt.

Orion [prompt on Hunter before it is read]

Science

q5666_3

Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?

{Johann Sebastian Bach} [accept {Coffee Cantata} before "cantata" is read]

Fine Arts

q13259_5

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park. Its 1968 championship team featured Lou Brock and Bob Gibson. In February 2011 this team signed former center fielder Jim Edmonds to a minor league deal. For 10 points, name this NL Central team whose lineup includes Matt Holliday and Albert Pujols.

St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]

Trash

q2742_4

Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land.

Hera

Mythology

q406_1

The island of Marajo (mah-RAH-hoh) is located at the mouth of this river which was named by Spanish conquistador Francisco de Orellana (day OH-ray-YAH-nah) for the warrior women of Greek mythology.

{Amazon} River [accept Rio {Amazonas}]

Geography

q43_2

This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle.

Alaska

Geography

q3979_3

This country's Minister of Defense Dawoud Rajiha [dah-WOOD RAJ-ha] was rumored to be assassinated in May 2012 and was then killed in a July 2012 bombing at Rawda Square. Opposition forces in this country are backed by (*) Turkey, and it has experienced fighting in its cities of Homs and Aleppo. For 10 points, name this country currently led by Bashar al-Assad that has also experienced fighting in its capital of Damascus.

{Syrian} Arab Republic [or al-{Jumhuriyah} al-Arabiyah as-{Suriyah}]

Trash

q3403_2

The carrack Mary Rose sank during the reign of this ruler, who ordered Thomas Cromwell to dissolve the monasteries. Thomas Cranmer was Archbishop of Canterbury under this ruler, who became the supreme head of the Protestant Church of England.

{Henry VIII} [prompt on Henry or {Henry} Tudor]

History

q1359_2

Along with his accomplice David Herold, he was tracked down to the farm of Richard Garrett where he was shot and killed by Boston Corbett. He received medical attention from Dr. Samuel Mudd in the wake of his most famous action, and after jumping from a balcony onto the stage, he famously shouted "sic semper tyrannis" to the crowd at Ford's Theater.

John Wilkes {Booth}

History

q411_1

This artist did not finish his Cars series, which showed various Mercedes-Benz models.

Andy {Warhol} [or Andrew {Warhola}]

History

q2525_6

This building was constructed with help from Hiram (HYE-ruhm), King of Tyre ("TIRE"). It contained two large pillars named Jachin (JAH-hin) and Boaz. It was ostensibly built on Mount Moriah, which is now home to the Dome of the Rock. This building housed the Ark of the Covenant. After it was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar (NEH-boo-kah-NEZZ-er), it was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again in 70 CE. For 10 points, identify this place of worship first built by Solomon.

{temple of Jerusalem} [accept temple of Solomon before "Dome of the Rock;" prompt on temple]

Religion

q623_5

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.

Portugal

History

q2436_2

One work by this composer includes the sections "O Death, where is thy sting?" and "I know that my Redeemer liveth." He included two bourrées in a collection of three suites first played on barges on the River Thames for George I. This composer of Water Music composed a fugue on the line "and he shall reign for ever and ever" in a chorus named (*) "Hallelujah."

George Frideric Händel

Fine Arts

q1607_1

The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth."

sonnet [prompt on \"poem\"; accept Shakesperean sonnet during the first sentence, but do not accept after; do not accept Petrarchan sonnet]

Literature

q4657_3

The "abstract" form of this branch of mathematics concerns rings and fields, while the "linear" form concerns matrices. The elementary form of it introduces variables to represent numbers in expressions and equations. For 10 points, identify this branch of mathematics concerned with finding solutions for various types of equations, including quadratics and systems of equations.

algebra

Science

q3076_4

The announcement of this object's existence was hinted at by a shadow on invitations to an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Disputes over strict quality control demands threatened production at the Foxconn facility that manufactures it. This device comes with EarPods and introduced the (*) Lightning connector, as well as a longer screen than its predecessor, the 4S. For 10 points, name this latest version of Apple's cell phone product.

{iPhone}

Trash

q132_3

Pablo Neruda wrote several "Elementary" poems of this type to common objects. One type of this poetic form contains three stanzas, the first two of which are the strophe (STRO-fee) and antistrophe (ann-TISS-tro-fee). That type was invented by Pindar, who along with Horace is a namesake of a type of this poem.

ode

Literature

q712_2

The European cuckoo is a brood example of this type of bird, and mistletoe is a common plant of this type. Trypanosomes (trih-PAN-oh-soams), which cause sleeping sickness, are one of many protist species of this type, and the blood fluke is this kind of worm that uses a snail as an intermediate host.

parasite [or parasitic]

Science

q1384_2

This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart.

George Washington

Fine Arts

q96_2

In this work, Fedallah's three prophecies come true, including the main character's death by hemp rope. The protagonist uses a gold doubloon to gain his men's support, but in the end, the coffee-addicted Starbuck dies, as do Tashtego and Queequeg.

{Moby Dick,} or {The Whale}

Literature