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There are six types or flavours of Quark. Which one is missing: up, down, bottom, top, strange and ........? | Quarks
Quarks
Quarks and Leptons are the building blocks which build up matter, i.e., they are seen as the "elementary particles". In the present standard model, there are six "flavors" of quarks. They can successfully account for all known mesons and baryons (over 200). The most familiar baryons are the proton and neutron , which are each constructed from up and down quarks. Quarks are observed to occur only in combinations of two quarks (mesons), three quarks (baryons). There was a recent claim of observation of particles with five quarks ( pentaquark ), but further experimentation has not borne it out.
Quark
4.19 GeV(MS)
4.67 GeV(1S)
*The masses should not be taken too seriously, because the confinement of quarks implies that we cannot isolate them to measure their masses in a direct way. The masses must be implied indirectly from scattering experiments. The numbers in the table are very different from numbers previously quoted and are based on the July 2010 summary in Journal of Physics G, Review of Particle Physics, Particle Data Group. A summary can be found on the LBL site . These masses represent a strong departure from earlier approaches which treated the masses for the U and D as about 1/3 the mass of a proton , since in the quark model the proton has three quarks. The masses quoted are model dependent, and the mass of the bottom quark is quoted for two different models. But in other combinations they contribute different masses. In the pion , an up and an anti-down quark yield a particle of only 139.6 MeV of mass energy, while in the rho vector meson the same combination of quarks has a mass of 770 MeV! The masses of C and S are from Serway, and the T and B masses are from descriptions of the experiments in which they were discovered.
Each of the six "flavors" of quarks can have three different " colors ". The quark forces are attractive only in "colorless" combinations of three quarks (baryons), quark-antiquark pairs (mesons) and possibly larger combinations such as the pentaquark that could also meet the colorless condition. Quarks undergo transformations by the exchange of W bosons, and those transformations determine the rate and nature of the decay of hadrons by the weak interaction.
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The Strange Quark
In 1947 during a study of cosmic ray interactions, a product of a proton collision with a nucleus was found to live for a much longer time than expected: 10-10 seconds instead of the expected 10-23 seconds! This particle was named the lambda particle (Λ0) and the property which caused it to live so long was dubbed "strangeness" and that name stuck to be the name of one of the quarks from which the lambda particle is constructed. The lambda is a baryon which is made up of three quarks: an up, a down and a strange quark.
The shorter lifetime of 10-23 seconds was expected because the lambda as a baryon participates in the strong interaction, and that usually leads to such very short lifetimes. The long observed lifetime helped develop a new conservation law for such decays called the "conservation of strangeness". The presence of a strange quark in a particle is denoted by a quantum number S=-1. Particle decay by the strong or electromagnetic interactions preserve the strangeness quantum number. The decay process for the lambda particle must violate that rule, since there is no lighter particle which contains a strange quark - so the strange quark must be transformed to another quark in the process. That can only occur by the weak interaction , and that leads to a much longer lifetime. The decay processes show that strangeness is not conserved:
The quark transformations necessary to accomplish these decay processes can be visualized with the help of Feynmann diagrams .
The omega-minus , a baryon composed of three strange quarks, is a classic example of the need for the property called " color " in describing particles. Since quarks are fermions with spin 1/2, they must obey the Pauli exclusion principle and cannot exist in identical states. So with three strange quarks, the property which distinguishes them must be capable of at least three distinct values.
Conservation of strangeness is not in fact an independent conservation law, but can be viewed as a combination of the conservation of charge, isospin , and baryon number . It is often expressed in terms of hypercharge Y, defined by:
Isospin and either hypercharge or strangeness are the quantum numbers often used to draw particle diagrams for the hadrons.
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The Charm Quark
In 1974 a meson called the J/Psi particle was discovered. With a mass of 3100 MeV, over three times that of the proton, this particle was the first example of another quark , called the charm quark. The J/Psi is made up of a charm-anticharm quark pair.
The lightest meson which contains a charm quark is the D meson . It provides interesting examples of decay since the charm quark must be transformed into a strange quark by the weak interaction in order for it to decay.
One baryon with a charm quark is a called a lambda with symbol Λ+c . It has a composition udc and a mass of 2281 MeV/c2.
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The Top Quark
Convincing evidence for the observation of the top quark was reported by Fermilab 's Tevatron facility in April 1995. The evidence was found in the collision products of 0.9 TeV protons with equally energetic antiprotons in the proton-antiproton collider. The evidence involved analysis of trillions of 1.8 TeV proton-antiproton collisions. The Collider Detector Facility group had found 56 top candidates over a predicted background of 23 and the D0 group found 17 events over a predicted background of 3.8. The value for the top quark mass from the combined data of the two groups after the completion of the run was 174.3 +/- 5.1 GeV. This is over 180 times the mass of a proton and about twice the mass of the next heaviest fundamental particle, the Z0 vector boson at about 93 GeV.
The interaction is envisioned as follows:
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Confinement of Quarks
How can one be so confident of the quark model when no one has ever seen an isolated quark? There are good reasons for the lack of direct observation. Apparently the color force does not drop off with distance like the other observed forces. It is postutated that it may actually increase with distance at the rate of about 1 GeV per fermi. A free quark is not observed because by the time the separation is on an observable scale, the energy is far above the pair production energy for quark-antiquark pairs. For the U and D quarks the masses are 10s of MeV so pair production would occur for distances much less than a fermi. You would expect a lot of mesons (quark-antiquark pairs) in very high energy collision experiments and that is what is observed.
Basically, you can't see an isolated quark because the color force does not let them go, and the energy required to separate them produces quark-antiquark pairs long before they are far enough apart to observe separately.
One kind of visualization of quark confinement is called the " bag model ". One visualizes the quarks as contained in an elastic bag which allows the quarks to move freely around, as long as you don't try to pull them further apart. But if you try to pull a quark out, the bag stretches and resists.
Another way of looking at quark confinement is expressed by Rohlf. "When we try to pull a quark out of a proton, for example by striking the quark with another energetic particle, the quark experiences a potential energy barrier from the strong interaction that increases with distance." As the example of alpha decay demonstrates, having a barrier higher than the particle energy does not prevent the escape of the particle - quantum mechanical tunneling gives a finite probability for a 6 MeV alpha particle to get through a 30 MeV high energy barrier. But the energy barrier for the alpha particle is thin enough for tunneling to be effective. In the case of the barrier facing the quark, the energy barrier does not drop off with distance, but in fact increases.
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The Bottom Quark
In 1977, an experimental group at Fermilab led by Leon Lederman discovered a new resonance at 9.4 GeV/c^2 which was interpreted as a bottom-antibottom quark pair and called the Upsilon meson . From this experiment, the mass of the bottom quark is implied to be about 5 GeV/c^2. The reaction being studied was
where N was a copper or platinum nucleus. The spectrometer had a muon-pair mass resolution of about 2%, which allowed them to measure an excess of events at 9.4 GeV/c^2. This resonance has been subsequently studied at other accelerators with a detailed investigation of the bound states of the bottom-antibottom meson.
| The Charm |
In physics, what is defined as mass per unit volume? | The Particle Adventure | What is the world made of? | The naming of quarks
The Standard Model > What is the world made of? > The naming of quarks
The naming of quarks
The naming of quarks...
...began when, in 1964, Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig suggested that hundreds of the particles known at the time could be explained as combinations of just three fundamental particles. Gell-Mann chose the name "quarks," pronounced "kworks," for these three particles, a nonsense word used by James Joyce in the novel Finnegan's Wake:
"Three quarks for Muster Mark!"
In order to make their calculations work, the quarks had to be assigned fractional electrical charges of 2/3 and -1/3. Such charges had never been observed before. Quarks are never observed by themselves, and so initially these quarks were regarded as mathematical fiction. Experiments have since convinced physicists that not only do quarks exist, but there are six of them, not three.
How did quarks get their silly names?
There are six flavors of quarks. "Flavors" just means different kinds. The two lightest are called up and down.
The third quark is called strange. It was named after the "strangely" long lifetime of the K particle, the first composite particle found to contain this quark.
The fourth quark type, the charm quark, was named on a whim. It was discovered in 1974 almost simultaneously at both the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
The fifth and sixth quarks were sometimes called truth and beauty in the past, but even physicists thought that was too cute.
The bottom quark was first discovered at Fermi National Lab (Fermilab) in 1977, in a composite particle called Upsilon (
).
The top quark was discovered last , also at Fermilab, in 1995. It is the most massive quark. It had been predicted for a long time but had never been observed successfully until then.
| i don't know |
Which musical, based on a children's novel, won seven Olivier Awards earlier this year, the most ever? | Tim Minchin · THE MATILDA THE MUSICAL STORY
Stratford-Upon-Avon | West End, London | Broadway, New York | US Tour | Australia | Toronto, Canada
The RSC’s Matilda The Musical website has tickets available for the West End , Broadway , Sydney and the US Tour . It also has slightly less Minchin-centric information, than this page, in the form of videos, cast and production information, clips of the cast recordings, all their social media accounts and more. But as a head-start here they are on Twitter: @MatildaMusical , @MatildaBroadway and @MatildainOz . Teachers and children will find many creative writing resources on the RSC Education Department’s interactive website MatildaSchoolResources.com . If you still want more then Angry (Feet), Tim’s official fansite, has a Matilda sub-forum .
Information regarding the performance rights for Matilda The Musical can be found here . Matilda the Musical (in 20 minutes) will be released for schools and amateur youth groups (i.e. performers aged 16 years or younger) in the UK and Ireland ONLY from 4th March, 2014. This version will be available for a limited time prior to the official release by MTI of Matilda the Musical Junior Version (currently in development).
Tim with the Stratford-upon-Avon Matildas: Kerry Ingram, Adrianna Bertola and Josie Griffiths (Original production cast from Stratford-upon-Avon November 2010)
Matilda
Roald Dahl ’s children’s novel Matilda was first published in 1988 with illustrations by Quentin Blake . It is the story of a very bright and rebellious little girl, with special powers. Matilda’s parents, Mr and Mrs Wormwood, have no time for her and treat her as a nuisance. She spends most of her time reading books from the library astonishingly quickly, whilst they watch the telly and Mr Wormwood sells dodgy used cars. At school things are no better as despite the care and support of her teacher, the lovely Miss Honey, Matilda has to contend with the terrifying headmistress Miss Trunchbull who rules the school with cruelty and fear. Matilda fights against the injustices at home and at school. Eventually she decides the grown-ups should be taught a lesson and in the process discovers her supernatural powers
Chapter One: Stratford-Upon-Avon
In December 2008, director Matthew Warchus approached Tim about writing the music and lyrics for a stage musical adaptation of Roald Dahl’s famous book, to be produced by The Royal Shakespeare Company. Tim had little hesitation: not only was the chance to write for the RSC impossible to resist, but as a life long fan of Dahl, he had – coincidentally – attempted to secure the stage rights to Matilda ten years earlier, when he was writing for theatre in Perth, WA.
Working from Kelly’s script adaptation, Tim wrote his first draft in the middle of 2009, with the first workshop production taking place in London in September. A significant restructuring and a short period of rewriting was undertaken in the autumn, and – with Tim on tour in Australia – a second workshop took place in November. Over the new year big changes took place, characters were discarded, songs were binned, scenes were conflated, and inevitable crisis talks ensued, but not until Tim returned from Australia in March did the final push begin. Warchus, Kelly, Minchin, RSC dramaturge Jeanie O’Hare, and legendary musical supervisor Chris Nightingale spent an intense two months renovating the script. The final workshop production took place at the end of June, further adjustments were made, and rehearsals started in September 2010.
The Courtyard Theatre, Stratford-Upon-Avon. Photo by Kathryn Sinnott
Following the dress rehearsal on the 6th November 2010 the show was performed to its first public audience, three days later, on the 9th at the Courtyard theatre in Stratford-Upon-Avon and was extremely well received. The previews continued for a month, with everyone working hard to tighten it up and tweak it into perfection. Finally Matilda, A Musical opened on the 9th December with the industry press in heavy attendance. The audience rose delightedly to their feet at the end and the reviews that followed in the national press were wonderful. The production was sold out over Christmas and throughout January until the run ended on January 30th.
A few days before the end of the run Matilda was awarded the Critics’ Circle Award for Best Musical. These awards recognise excellence for theatre throughout the UK and are selected by a group of professional theatre critics. The Peter Hepple Award for Best Musical (new or revival) was presented by Matt Wolf, at the Prince of Wales Theatre and was accepted by director Matthew Warchus and some of the children from the cast.
There were now high hopes for a transfer to London’s West End and for a cast recording of the show.
Chapter Two: London’s West End
The four Matildas – Cleo Demetriou, Kerry Ingram, Eleanor Worthington Cox and Sophia Kiely – photo by Manuel Harlan
Tim visited the Cambridge whilst the outside was being adorned with Matilda-ness and scaffolding…
On the 30th March 2011 the Royal Shakespeare Company confirmed there would be a West End transfer in autumn 2011 for an open-ended run but there was a suspenseful wait until May 19th for all the exciting details. Then, at last, with the new grown up title and shiny new artwork: Matilda The Musical could stand tall and announce that it was heading to the Cambridge Theatre, in London’s West End, previewing from Tuesday 18th* October 2011 with an initial booking period to 12th February 2012.
* Following a press release , on 29th September, this was amended to previewing from Tuesday 25th October 2011 with opening night on Thursday 24th November.
In May 2011 Tim worked on the cast recording with the original Stratford-upon-Avon cast at Air Studios, Highgate. This was released on Roald Dahl Day; 13th September 2011. This long clamoured for recording is available from the RSC Shop and the Matilda The Musical website where you can listen to preview clips of the tracks. There was an iTunes release on the 18th October.
The casting announcements came in two parts: First in August the adults and Matilda’s school friends and then on Dahl Day the four young actresses who will be playing the eponymous Matilda were revealed at a press launch at the London Eye. (See the photo below).
With opening night in the West End fast approaching Tim talks here , on his blog, about the cast recording and the preparations for the move to the Cambridge Theatre.
In late October 2011, as Matilda The Musical had its first preview, Tim and Eleanor Worthington Cox, one of the four young actresses playing the title role of Matilda, spookily graced the front cover of Time Out London’s Halloween issue. Inside the magazine Tim talks about Matilda The Musical with Time Out London’s theatre editor Caroline McGinn. You can read the full interview here and see an additional photo from the shoot on the Time Out blog here .
Tim and Eleanor Worthington Cox spookily on Time Out London’s Halloween 2011 front cover. Photographer: Jay Brooks. Hair and Make up: Dorita Nissen using M.A.C.
At the Evening Standard Awards ceremony, hosted by Dame Edna Everage, on Sunday 20th November, Matilda the Musical won the Ned Sherrin Award for Best Musical. It was presented by Miranda Hart and collected by Tim, Dennis Kelly and Matthew Warchus. In their round up of the award winners The Evening Standard gave reasons for their choice:
THE NED SHERRIN AWARD FOR BEST MUSICAL
TIM MINCHIN, DENNIS KELLY AND MATTHEW WARCHUS
for Matilda The Musical
“The quest for a great new musical is over, at least for now: London (and before long, presumably, the world) has just that in Matilda, the Royal Shakespeare Company’s deliriously funny and moving adaptation of Roald Dahl that has arrived on the West End following cheers and not a few tears on the occasion of its premiere last December in Stratford-upon-Avon.
That rare show pitched ostensibly at children that lucky adults in their midst will doubtless enjoy even more, Matilda comes down on the side of love and literacy as well as burp jokes, bad hair, and a bravura performance from Bertie Carvel, playing a battleaxe of a headmistress with a voice by way of Hannibal Lecter. (Carvel made the ES shortlist for best actor.) The altogether buoyant score is from Australian comedian Tim Minchin, marking his musical theatre debut amid a creative team (director Matthew Warchus included) that finds everyone involved at the top of their game. Small wonder the opening song is entitled “Miracle”: it takes one to know one.”
You can view a short video of Tim, Dennis and Matthew receiving the award here .
Matilda’s Opening Night
Tim with family and friend Jenny Davis on Opening Night (Photo – Dan Wooller)
Following the month of previews and a week of press attendance Matilda The Musical opened, to great excitement, in the West End at the Cambridge Theatre on Thursday 24th November, 2011, with more press and many stars in attendance. At the end of the performance the whole audience jumped to their feet to give the actors of all ages and the musicians an extremely long and impressive standing ovation. Again the critical acclaim and outstanding reviews rolled in. A selection of the opening night pics have been added to Photos and there’s footage of the evening in the Videos section below.
Just a week later, on December 2nd 2011, at London’s Café de Paris, the Whatsonstage Award nominations were announced. Matilda The Musical received an amazing NINE nominations! These UK theatre industry awards are nominated by and voted for purely by theatregoers and the ticket-buying public. The Awards took place at the West End’s Prince of Wales Theatre on Sunday 19th February 2012.
Matilda the Musical triumphed, winning Best New Musical – Tim Minchin & Dennis Kelly; Best Set Designer – Rob Howell; Best Choreographer – Peter Darling and Tim won The London Newcomer of the Year for his work on Matilda.
“With 35% of the votes in his category, Australian comedian Tim Minchin, making his musical debut providing the show’s music and lyrics, was a commanding winner for London Newcomer of the Year.” Whatsonstage.com
At the end of February 2012 the UK and US theatre press announced that Matilda would transfer to Broadway, premièring at an, as yet, unspecified New York theatre in early 2013.
On the 15th March 2012, the 2012 Olivier Award nominations were announced . Matilda The Musical received TEN nominations – the maximum possible! The Olivier awards are the UK’s most prestigious theatre awards, recognising excellence in professional theatre in London shows. The Awards will be announced on the 15th April at the Royal Opera House.
In the run up to the Olivier awards the BBC’s David Sillito went to meet three of the Matildas: Sophia, Cleo and Eleanor at the Cambridge Theatre in London. You can view video here .
On the night Matilda skipped away with SEVEN Laurence Olivier Awards, a record haul for a single show, including Best New Musical. Rob Howells won Best Set Design and Simon Baker Best Sound Design. Best Director went to Matthew Warchus with Peter Darling claiming Best Theatre Choreographer. Members of the cast triumphed too with Best Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel and the four Matildas: Cleo Demetriou, Kerry Ingram Eleanor Worthington Cox & Sophia Kiely sharing the award for Best Actress in a Musical, breaking the record for the youngest Olivier Award-holders. If you missed it you can see a few photos of the evening in the Photos section below and there’s the Guardian Oliviers 2012 roundup video to give you a feel for the event which features interviews with Tim, Dennis Kelly and the Matildas.
Team Matilda at the Oliviers 2012, L-R Sophia Kiely, Eleanor Worthington Cox, Cleo Demetriou, Kerry Ingram with Dennis Kelly, Tim, and Bertie Carvel – photo by Helen Maybanks
Just a couple of weeks later Matilda was honoured at the 16th annual South Bank Sky Arts Awards, winning the theatre prize. There is a short interview with Tim on the night here .
On September 7th 2012, Guinness World Records, accepted as the global authority on record-breaking achievement announced the theatre additions to the 57th edition of the world’s best-selling copyright book, Guinness World Records 2013. Matilda The Musical secured the Guinness World Record for Most Laurence Olivier award wins.
In November 2012, Matilda won Favourite Family Show in the TheatrePeople Awards 2012 with Tim and Dennis making a short acceptance video . In December, the same year, folowing nine nominations, Matilda won five 2012 Broadway World: UK Awards including Best Musical.
Inspired by Matilda’s love of books and storytelling, in January 2013, the RSC Education Department launched Write Here Write Now with Matilda , an interactive website designed to encourage children to become avid readers, creative writers and playwrights themselves. There are filmed interviews with Tim and Dennis Kelly, who wrote the script adaptation, and as they bring their storytelling methods to life, with the help of comprehensive teacher notes, they aim to give teachers and children insights into the creative processes involved in writing and staging Matilda.
In December 2013 Matilda was nominated for Best West End Show, for a second time, in the 2014 Whatsonstage Awards . In 2013 Les Mis just pipped her to the post but on 23rd February, 2014, at The Prince of Wales Theatre, London, Matilda swept to victory. The voting breakdown is here .
On March 23rd, 2014, with a host of stars in attendance, the 1000th West End performance of Matilda The Musical took place! There’s a video of the event in the Videos section.
Chapter Three: New York, Broadway
The Broadway Matildas – Oona Laurence, Milly Shapiro, Sophia Gennusa and Bailey Ryon
On July 19th 2012 the Royal Shakespeare Company announced that Matilda The Musical would open in Broadway’s Shubert Theatre, with previews starting on the 4th March 2013 and opening night scheduled for 11th April 2013.
In November 2012 the producers announced the four young actresses who’d alternate playing the feisty heroine, Matilda, all of whom would be making their Broadway debuts: Oona Laurence, Milly Shapiro, Bailey Ryon and Sophia Gennua! Also making his Broadway debut was Bertie Carvel, reprising his West End role as the fearsome headmistress Miss Trunchbull, for which he won the 2012 Olivier for Best Actor in a Musical.
The casting of the principal roles and the ensemble was announced in December 2012 with Lauren Ward, reprising her West End role as Miss Honey. The full Broadway cast list can be found here .
Opening Night on Broadway
Following months of preparation and rehearsals, the New York production of Matilda The Musical opened at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway on the 11th April 2013 to delighted cheers and a full standing ovation from the star-studded audience and press. The show immediately saw a host of marvellously glowing reviews across the board.
Opening night on Broadway. Matthew Warchus, Dennis Kelly and Tim joined the cast on stage. Photo by Ellie Kurttz
Some more opening night pics can be found in Photos and there’s some footage of the evening at the end of the Videos section below.
A raft of major US theatre award nominations quickly followed: TWELVE 2013 Tony Award nominations including Best Musical and Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre for Tim; SEVEN Drama Desk Award nominations including Outstanding Musical and Outstanding Lyrics for Tim; FIVE Outer Critics Circle Award nominations including Outstanding New Musical; Two Drama League Award nominations including Outstanding New Musical and SEVEN Broadway.Com Audience Choice Award nominations including Favorite New Musical and with THREE of Tim’s songs in the Favorite Song category!
The award wins rolled in throughout May 2013: The New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award for Best Musical; two Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards including Favorite Song for Tim’s ‘When I Grow Up’; two Outer Critics Circle Awards; the Theatre World Award for Best Debut Performance for Bertie Carvel and five Drama Desk Awards including Outstanding Musical and Outstanding Lyrics for Tim. The full list of award nominations and wins an be found in the Awards section.
The 67th Annual Tony Awards ceremony took place at Radio City Music Hall, New York on June 9th 2013. At the glamorous and star studded evening Matilda The Musical won FOUR Tony Awards: Gabriel Ebert, who plays Mr Wormwood, won Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical. Best Book of a Musical went to Dennis Kelly. Rob Howell claimed Best Scenic Design of a Musical and Hugh Vanstone Best Lighting Design of a Musical.
The four actresses who play the title role in Matilda The Musical on Broadway: Sophia Gennusa, Oona Laurence, Bailey Ryon and Milly Shapiro received Tony Honors for Excellence in the Theatre.
Matilda had now danced away with a phenomenal 47 awards, so far, in Stratford-Upon-Avon, London and New York!
The Broadway production of Matilda The Musical released its own original cast recording, in September 2013, and earned a prestigious nomination for the 2014 Grammys, for Best Musical Theater Album.
By the end of 2013, Matilda on Broadway had proudly made it onto a slew of Top 10 and Best Theatre Show Lists .
US Tour
The First National US Tour of Matilda The Musical, began in May 2015, with technical rehearsals and performances in New Haven at the Shubert Theater. The tour then opened officially at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles on the 7th June, 2015, with Tim in attendance. After enthralling LA audiences the show headed off to cities all over the country! You’ll find the cast list here and some images of opening night here and in the Photos section on this page.
Sydney
Performing at the Sydney Media Launch, October 2014 – Photo by James Morgan
On the 26th February 2014, NSW Premier, Barry O’Farrell confirmed that Matilda would be heading down under, to make its Australian première at the Lyric Theatre in Sydney. The show will preview through the end of July, 2015 and then open in August.
Atop the books at the Sydney Media Launch – Photo by James Morgan
Tim said: “Working on Matilda has been one of the greatest thrills of my life, and I’ve been aching to let her loose on audiences at home. Most of us grew up reading Dahl – the Australian sense of humour gels so well with his dark, iconoclastic tone. The last time a musical I helped write opened in Sydney, the actors almost outnumbered the audience, the theatre leaked, and my drummer was a bass player. If Matilda’s arrival is half as fun as that was, it’ll be a hoot.”
At the media launch in October, 2014, Tim gave a speech and performed songs from the show, including When I Grow Up. Clips and more images from the event can be found in the Video and Photos sections below.
March 2015 saw the announcement of four of the principal adult cast members: (in alphabetical order) Marika Aubrey (Mrs Wormwood), Daniel Frederiksen (Mr Wormwood), Elise McCann (Miss Honey) and James Millar (Miss Trunchbull).
Then, a month later, the four young actresses who’ll share the title role in the Australian Premiere Season of Matilda The Musical were announced: (in alphabetical order) Molly Barwick, Sasha Rose, Georgia Taplin and Bella Thomas. They spend the day of the announcement travelling around Sydney in a Matilda branded London taxicab! (see Photos)
To celebrate the fast approaching opening night, Tim guest edited The Sydney Morning Herald’s Spectrum on Saturday 23rd July, 2015, writing this article: Tim Minchin: I’m bringing Matilda the Musical home detailing some of the twists and turns in his life and career that led to him writing the music and lyrics for Matilda. Tim’s cover shot can be found in the Photos section below.
Opening Night in Sydney, Australia
Thursday 20th August, 2015, Tim attended the star-studded official Opening Night of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Australian production of Matilda The Musical, at the Sydney Lyric Theatre.
Tim and Dennis Kelly join the Sydney curtain call on Opening Night. Photo by James Morgan
Red Carpet smiles from Dennis Kelly, Tim and the Sydney Matildas. Photo by James Morgan.
The stunning reviews flew in – you can read them in the Quotes/Reviews section below.
Melbourne
In October 2015 it was announced that Matilda would be heading to Melbourne’s Princess Theatre in March of the following year. The four leading ladies, who would be joining the full Original Australian Adult cast from Sydney to play the eponymous hero, were announced in the November as Dusty Bursill, Tiana Mirra, Alannah Parfett and Ingrid Torelli.
Tim flew over from LA in time for the media call at the theatre on March 16th.
Photo by James Morgan
Opening Night in Melbourne, Australia
Thursday 17th March, 2016, Tim attended the Melbourne Premiere of Matilda The Musical at the Princess Theatre with his family. He joined the cast on stage for the bows where they received a standing ovation.
Tim with mother Ros Minchin, wife Sarah and father David
Brisbane and Perth
In the week running up to the Melbourne Opening Night it was announced that Matilda would be swinging across the country to Brisbane’s Lyric Theatre at QPAC in November 2016 and then playing at Perth’s Crown Theatre from February 2017.
Along with the latest news, dedicated social media links and more, there’s a waitlist for Brisbane and Perth tickets now at matildathemusical.com.au .
Back to the top of this page!
Chapter Five: Toronto, Canada
In March 2016 the search began for the Toronto cast for the only production of Matilda in Canada.
Performances will begin Tuesday July 5th at the Ed Mirvish Theatre, with the media night scheduled for Thursday, July 7th at 6:45pm. Tickets and further information can be found here .
Wonder what the next turn of the page will bring…
The West End Matildas: Eleanor Worthington Cox, Cleo Demetriou, Kerry Ingram and Sophia Kiely
Crunchem Hall Uniforms – photo by Manuel Harlan
The company in rehearsals – photo by Manuel Harlan
Opening Night on Thursday 24th November, 2011. Taken in the Cambridge theatre foyer and at the after-party:
(All five by Dan Wooller )
Bertie Carvel (Miss Trunchbull) and Tim
Tim and Sarah Minchin
Cleo Demetriou, Eleanor Worthington Cox, Kerry Ingram and Sophia Kiely (The four Matildas)
The serious faces of Dennis Kelly, Kerry Ingram, Eleanor Worthington Cox, Tim, Cleo Demetriou, Matthew Warchus and Sophia Kiely
Tim looks up to Michael Boyd (RSC Artistic Director)
More photos of the evening can be found here .
Matthew Warchus, Tim and Michael Boyd at the 2012 Whatsonstage Awards Photographer: Dan Wooller for Whatsonstage.com
Snazzy Tim on the red carpet at the Olivier Awards 2012 – photo by Helen Maybanks
Bertie Carvel with his Best Actor in a Musical Olivier 2012 – photo by Helen Maybanks
Tim and Dennis Kelly interviewed at the Olivier Awards 2012 – photo by Helen Maybanks
Tim in the media spotlight at the Olivier Awards 2012 – photo by Helen Maybanks
The triumphant Matildas at the Oliviers 2012: L-R Sophia Kiely, Eleanor Worthington Cox, Kerry Ingram, Cleo Demetriou – photo by Helen Maybanks
Guinness World Records 2013 book – Matilda The Musical – Most Laurence Olivier award wins Theatre
Signs going up on Broadway’s Shubert Theatre, September 2012
Opening night on Broadway, 11th April 2013. Tim faces the media. Photo by Ellie Kurttz
Opening night on Broadway, 11th April 2013. Dennis Kelly and Tim answer to the press. Photo by Ellie Kurttz
More photos of the evening can be found on the RSC’s Facebook page here .
Sydney Media Launch, October 2014 – Photo by James Morgan
The Sydney Matildas – Molly Barwick, Sasha Rose, Georgia Taplin and Bella Thomas
Australian Matildas with their London taxicab. Sydney Harbour bridge in the background. Photo by James Morgan
Tim guest edited the Sydney Morning Herald and wrote the article: I’m bringing Matilda the Musical home . Here’s his cover shot:
Photo courtesy of the Sydney Morning Herald – smh.com.au
Matilda’s US Tour opening night, at the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles, on June 7th 2015:
Tim and Sarah Minchin arrive for the opening night performance. (Photo by Ryan Miller/Capture Imaging)
Bryce Ryness (Miss Trunchbull) and Tim during the US Tour opening night party. (Photo by Ryan Miller/Capture Imaging)
(L-R Front) The Matildas – Gabby Gutierrez, Mabel Tyler and Mia Sinclair Jenness with (L-R Back) Lucy Dahl and Tim during the US Tour opening night party. (Photo by Ryan Miller/Capture Imaging)
The Matilda The Musical US Tour company pose during the party for the opening night performance. (Photo by Ryan Miller/Capture Imaging)
Opening Night in Australia, at the Sydney Lyric Threatre, on Thursday 20th August, 2015:
Tim and Sarah Minchin on the red carpet. (Photo by James Morgan)
Tim strikes the Matilda pose. (Photo by James Morgan)
Multiple red carpet smiles from Tim and young members of the cast. (Photo by James Morgan)
Tim & Dennis Kelly join the cast on Sydney Opening Night’s Matilda pose curtain call. (Photo by James Morgan)
Tim, Dennis Kelly and the Australian Matildas walk the red carpet on the way to the after-party. (Photo by James Morgan)
Melbourne Media Call, March 16th 2016:
L-R Elise McCann (Miss Honey), Daniel Frederiksen (Mr Wormwood), Tim (Tim), Marika Aubrey (Mrs Wormwood) Photo by James Morgan
Photo by James Morgan
Opening Night in Melbourne, Australia, Thursday 17th March, 2016, at the Princess Theatre: (Photos by James Morgan)
Tim with the principal cast at the Melbourne Premiere.
Tim & Eddie Perfect
Videos
First, a couple of interviews, filmed in April 2010, featuring Tim and the writer Dennis Kelly:
In the first Tim talks about how he became involved with Matilda, what the project means to him and how he’s approached it musically.
In the second Tim and Dennis discuss the script and the writing process, the influence of Quentin Blake’s illustrations and how they worked to be true to Dahl’s writing.
Behind the scenes insights at the July 2010 Workshops and Christopher Nightingale the musical supervisor and orchestrator talking with Tim about job titles/roles, and preparing to perform the show for a small audience of children and adults.
This first video trailer, released in September 2010, featuring some of the instrumental score written by Tim, was the first opportunity to hear some of the music.
Early November 2010, just before the first preview to the public, the RSC made this video showing footage of the kids in rehearsals. The audio is the demo of “When I Grow Up”, the first song that Tim finished and showed Dennis Kelly, Matthew Warchus and Chris Nightingale in May 2009.
A second trailer was released in November 2010 during the previews, featuring Miss Trunchbull *gulp* telling us about RULES. with further tantalising snippets of Tim’s music. This was updated with the new artwork and title in May 2011, as the London West End transfer was announced:
Tim, Matthew Warchus and Dennis Kelly talked to the Telegraph about creating Matilda The Musical in September 2011:
As the Cambridge Theatre was being transformed in September 2011, Tim and Dennis Kelly popped in to take a look and to ask each other questions posed by fans of the show in Twitter. Here’s Part 1:
Still at the Cambridge Theatre in September 2011, Dennis and Tim continue interviewing each other and sniggering. Part 2:
Opening Night at the Cambridge Theatre on Thursday 24th November 2011: Performance footage and photos intercut with short interviews with members of the cast, the creative team and guests at the event:
A montage of clips filmed, in 2011, at the Cambridge Theatre in London’s West End:
In April 2013, Tim attended the Olivier Awards ceremony, at which, in 2012 Matilda triumphed, winning a record-breaking SEVEN awards! He presented the award for Best New Musical and performed ‘My House’ from the show:
The US trailer for Matilda The Musical on Broadway:
Tim, Dennis, other members of the creative team and Lauren Ward, who’s reprising her role as Miss Honey in New York, talk about Matilda’s journey to Broadway:
Opening night at the Shubert Theatre, on Broadway, on the 11th April 2013. Audience reactions and brief interviews with Tim, Dennis Kelly and members of the cast:
A full 30 minute episode of Theater Talk featuring Matilda The Musical, talking to Tim, Dennis Kelly and actor Bertie Carvel:
Bertie Carvel ‘interviews’ Tim at the Drama Desk Awards:
Tim collecting his Broadway.com Audience Choice Award for Favorite Song: ‘When I Grow Up’:
Tim talking about writing the music and lyrics for ‘When I Grow Up’ before performing the song:
Matilda The Musical‘s 1000th Performance at The Cambridge Theatre attracted a host of stars:
As part of the Australian launch in October 2014, Tim talks to the ABC’s Adrian Raschella about the success of the stage production:
Matilda The Musical Australia – Sydney Media Launch
Matilda Broadway – #WhenIGrowUp music video
Tim and the Sydney Matildas perform ‘Naughty’ on the Today show
In celebration of 1,000 performances of Matilda on Broadway, SiriusXM and Entertainment Weekly radio hosted a Conversation with Tim, moderated by Jessica Shaw. The show included a some special performances, including Tim singing ‘When I Grow Up’ with Bailey Ryon:
Again, for the celebration of 1,000 performances of Matilda on Broadway, Tim accompanied Bailey Ryon as she sang ‘Naughty’:
The Australian
“Dennis Kelly adapts Roald Dahl’s story to the stage with brilliant new details, and Tim Minchin has loads of room for songs with bold, springy rhythms and razor-sharp lyrics that make you want to punch the air with delight. It’s a stylistically supple score, with exhilarating colour and energy matched by moments of deeply affecting tenderness…”
Stage Noise
“Matilda the Musical is that rare thing: a show that’s genuinely for all the family. It’s altogether remarkable and brilliantly realised.”
“…lyricist and composer Tim Minchin and book writer Dennis Kelly have turned it into a spectacularly witty, intelligent and irresistible show that engages at every turn.”
“All in all, Matilda the Musical is the treat you and yours have been waiting for if you’ve been waiting for an intelligent, beautiful, funny, sad and ultimately triumphant delivery of Australian musical theatre talent. Not to be missed.”
The Sunday Telegraph
“Matilda is one of the most thrilling new musicals of recent years: a show that isn’t afraid to be dark, sophisticated or smart, while at the same time pulsing with a gloriously funny streak of child-like, anarchic naughtiness.”
“Matilda is a gem of a show with a wonderful heart and message about standing up to bullies and fighting for what is right. It’s also a love letter to joy of words. Pure magic.”
The Washington Post
Peter Marks says “‘Matilda’ [is] by some large and tickling measure the most splendiferous new musical of the year…”
“With a delectably clever score by Tim Minchin and a slyly evocative book by Dennis Kelly, the musical, is distinguished by its wonderful look and a caliber of choreography for young people you rarely ever experience.”
Chicago Tribune
Chris Jones hails the production as “far and away the best new musical of the Broadway season, indeed one of the best family-oriented shows of any season” and describes Tim’s score as “remarkably rich, occasionally anthemic” singling out “a simple, gorgeous Tim Minchin song, ‘When I Grow Up.’ “
Time Magazine
Richard Zoglin proclaims Matilda “the wondrous new musical from London that has just arrived on Broadway. It would be easy to call it the best British musical since ‘Billy Elliot’, but that, I’m afraid, would be underselling it. You have to go back to ‘The Lion King’ to find a show with as much invention, spirit and genre-redefining verve.” and says “[Tim Minchin] has written a score that seems all but woven into the scenery—simple but distinctive tunes, intricate lyrics, a touch of jazz here, or wailing rock there, but all of a piece, integral to the show and like nothing else.”
“Writer Dennis Kelly and composer and lyricist Tim Minchin go to the top of the class with this anarchically joyous, gleefully nasty and ingenious musical adaptation of Roald Dahl’s story.
It’s an evening of unadulterated bliss.”
The Telegraph *****
“Hilarious, moving and magical.
Dennis Kelly’s script actually improves and deepens Dahl’s original. Meanwhile, Aussie comedian Tim Minchin has come up with a smashing score that combines take-home melodies with delicious lyrical wit in songs that consistently develop both the plot and our understanding of the characters.
A thrilling, warm-hearted production, which constantly combines comedy with a sense of wonder.”
The Evening Standard *****
“Matilda is a gem…enchanting. At the heart of this satisfyingly fresh adaptation of a cherished Roald Dahl story are Australian comedian Tim Minchin’s music and lyrics, which ooze humour…Dennis Kelly’s book switches smartly from grubby fun to a grown-up idiom.
This generous, big-hearted piece is already being spoken of as one of the best new British musicals in years.”
Time Out, London *****
“The RSC’s ‘Matilda’ is the best British musical in years. And it’s not just a kids’ show… It is guaranteed to delight anyone who’s ever been a child.
Writer Dennis Kelly has enlarged Dahl’s book brilliantly, making ‘Matilda’…an upliftingly stageable story of collective rebellion… we have the mini-heroes of Year 1, rocking out and fighting for their right to be ‘a little bit naughty’.
Tim Minchin’s catchy, satirical music and lyrics include a couple of spot-on anthems [and he] gives his Revolting Children a fantastic hackle-raising finale – but subtle songs like ‘When I Grow Up’, staged beautifully on swings, ensure there’s an achingly wistful conversation between childhood and adulthood along the way.
It’s smart, quirky and sublimely good fun.”
The Telegraph *****
“Director Matthew Warchus, … brings the show to life with a buzzing vitality that proves irresistible…But the biggest laurels should go to Dennis Kelly, whose script has both deepened the emotion of Dahl’s story while adding loads of splendid jokes of his own, and Tim Minchin, the Aussie comedian, who has written the music and lyrics.
The songs fizz with humour and great take-home melodies. Kelly and Minchin suddenly look like the brightest prospects for British musical theatre since Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.”
WhatsOnStage.com *****
“Tim Minchin’s music and lyrics sparkle with wit and energy, demonstrating a touch of genius to rival that of the eponymous Matilda. Complemented by Dennis Kelly’s book, they make up a piece which is by turns riotously funny and gut-wrenchingly poignant …, all brought vividly to life by Matthew Warchus’ masterful direction.”
The Times *****
“Dennis Kelly’s adaptation grips from the start… Jokes and numbers come thick and fast…Tim Minchin’s lyrics, to his own music, are so good that the temptation to write them down could, at any point, make you miss some extraordinary sight.”
The Independent ****
“The Royal Shakespeare Company has struck gold with this wildly entertaining musical… Dennis Kelly’s clever adaptation and the witty, intricate songs by Aussie comic Tim Minchin create a new, improved version of Dahl’s story”
“Matthew Warchus’s wondrously well-drilled production finds just the right balance between gleeful grotesque humour and heart-warming poignancy”
Evening Standard *****
“The RSC’s new musical version of Roald Dahl’s Matilda is a triumph: enchanting, bold and ingenious… In Tim Minchin, it has found the perfect spur for a wildly tuneful reimagining… The Australian comedian has crafted a succession of witty songs: his lyrics are full of trickery, his melodies instantly winning.”
“In this lovingly created show, Matilda’s magic positively sparkles. There’s a cleverness in the writing which ensures that, while it appeals to children, there is plenty for adults to savour…it’s blissfully funny…There’s a playfulness throughout that proves intoxicating.”
More quotes and reviews can be found here and here .
Winner
UK:
2010 Critics’ Circle Award: The Peter Hepple Award for Best Musical (new or revival) (original Stratford-upon-Avon production)
2011 Theatre Awards UK – Best Musical Production (original Stratford-upon-Avon production)
2011 Theatre Awards UK – Best Performance in a Musical for Bertie Carvel (original Stratford-upon-Avon production)
London:
2011 Evening Standard Theatre Awards – The Ned Sherrin Award for Best Musical
2012 SOBOM (Society of Box Office Managers) Awards – Best Musical
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best New Musical for Tim Minchin and Dennis Kelly
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Set Designer for Rob Howell
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Choreographer for Peter Darling
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – The London Newcomer of the Year for Tim Minchin
2012 Olivier Awards – Best New Musical for Matilda The Musical at the Cambridge
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Actress in a Musical for Cleo Demetriou, Kerry Ingram Eleanor Worthington Cox & Sophia Kiely
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Director for Matthew Warchus
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Set Design for Rob Howells
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Sound Design for Simon Baker
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Theatre Choreographer for Peter Darling
2012 South Bank Sky Arts Awards – Best Theatre Award
2012 Group Leisure Awards – Best Theatre Production
2012 London Lifestyle Awards- Best Theatre Show
2012 Theatre_People Awards – Favourite Family Show for Matilda The Musical
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Direction of a Musical for Matthew Warchus
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Lighting Design for Hugh Vanstone
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Musical
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Musical Direction (West End) for Alan Berry/Bruce O’Neil
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Orchestrations for Christopher Nightingale
2013 SOBOM (Society of Box Office Managers) Awards – Best Musical
2013 The Mousetraps (Mousetrap Theatre Projects) – Outstanding Female Performance – The Matildas
2014 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best West End Show
US:
2013 New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award – Best Musical
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite Breakthrough Performance for Bertie Carvel
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite Song: ‘When I Grow Up’
2013 Outer Critics Circle Awards – Outstanding Book of a Musical for Dennis Kelly
2013 Outer Critics Circle Awards – Outstanding Set Design for Rob Howell
2013 Theatre World Awards – Best Debut Performance for Bertie Carvel
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Musical
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Lyrics for Tim Minchin
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Book of a Musical for Dennis Kelly
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Set Design for Rob Howell
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Musical
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Book of a Musical for Dennis Kelly
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards -Best Direction of a Musical for Matthew Warchus
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Lighting Design for Hugh Vanstone
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Scenic Design for Rob Howell
2013 Tony Awards – Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical for Gabriel Ebert
2013 Tony Awards – Best Book of a Musical for Dennis Kelly
2013 Tony Awards – Best Scenic Design of a Musical for Rob Howell
2013 Tony Awards – Best Lighting Design of a Musical for Hugh Vanstone
2013 Tony Honors for Excellence in the Theatre for the Matildas: Sophia Gennusa, Oona Laurence, Bailey Ryon and Milly Shapiro
Australia:
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Musical
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Original Score in a Musical for Tim Minchin
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Direction of a Musical for Matthew Warchus
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Female Actor in a Musical for Molly Barwick, Dusty Bursill, Tiana Mirra, Alannah Parfett, Sasha Rose, Georgia Taplin, Bella Thomas and Ingrid Torelli
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Male Actor in a Musical for James Millar
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Choreography in a Musical for Peter Darling
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Music Direction in a Musical for Stephen Amos
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Sound Design in a Musical for Simon Baker
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Scenic Design in a Musical for Rob Howell
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Costume Design in a Musical for Rob Howell
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Lighting Design for Hugh Vanstone
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Male Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical for Daniel Frederiksen
2016 Helpmann Awards – Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical for Elise McCann
Nominee
UK:
2011 British Composer Awards – Best Stage Work for Tim Minchin
2011 Evening Standard Theatre Awards – Best Director for Matthew Warchus and Best Actor for Bertie Carvel
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Actress in a Musical for Cleo Demetriou, Kerry Ingram Eleanor Worthington Cox & Sophia Kiely
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for Lauren Ward
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Supporting Actor in a Musical for Paul Kaye
2012 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best Director for Matthew Warchus
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Costume Design for Rob Howells
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Lighting Design for Hugh Vanstone
2012 Olivier Awards – Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical for Paul Kaye
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Featured Actor in a Musical for Gary Watson / Paul Kaye / Steve Furst
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Emily Shaw / Josie Walker / Lauren Ward / Melanie Le Barrie
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Leading Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2012 Broadway World: UK Awards – Best Leading Actress in a Musical for The Matildas
2013 WhatsOnStage Awards – Best West End Show
2013 Olivier Awards – The BBC Radio 2 Audience Award
US:
2013 Tony Awards – Best Musical
2013 Tony Awards – Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre for Tim Minchin
2013 Tony Awards – Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2013 Tony Awards – Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical for Lauren Ward
2013 Tony Awards – Best Direction of a Musical for Matthew Warchus
2013 Tony Awards – Best Choreography for Peter Darling
2013 Tony Awards – Best Orchestrations for Chris Nightingale
2013 Tony Awards – Best Costume Design of a Musical for Rob Howell
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Director of a Musical for Matthew Warchus
2013 Drama Desk Awards – Outstanding Choreography for Peter Darling
2013 Outer Critics Circle Awards – Outstanding New Musical
2013 Outer Critics Circle Awards – Outstanding Choreographer for Peter Darling
2013 Outer Critics Circle Awards – Outstanding Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2013 Drama League Awards – Outstanding New Musical
2013 Drama League Awards – Distinguished Actor for Bertie Carvel
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite New Musical
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite Diva Performance for Bertie Carvel
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite Song: ‘Revolting Children’
2013 Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards – Favorite Song: ‘The Smell of Rebellion’
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Score for Tim Minchin
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Choreography for Peter Darling
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Leading Actor in a Musical for Bertie Carvel
2013 BroadwayWorld.com Awards – Best Sound Design of a Musical for Simon N. Baker
2014 Grammy Awards – Best Musical Theater Album
| Matilda the Musical |
Which military force, formed in 1485 to guard Henry VII, was the title of an opera that premiered i London on October 3rd. 1888? | 2010s - Roald Dahl
Roald Dahl
Overview
Two musical adaptations of Roald Dahl's stories arrive onstage and the world celebrates Roald Dahl's 100th birthday
Close
-December 2010
Opening of The RSC's musical adaptation of Roald Dahl's Matilda
The Royal Shakespeare Company’s production of a musical version of Roald Dahl's Matilda, written by Dennis Kelly with music and lyrics by Tim Minchin, opens at the Courtyard Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon, UK, to great critical acclaim.
The original Stratford cast included Bertie Carvel as Miss Trunchbull, Lauren Ward as Miss Honey and Paul Kaye and Josie Walker as Matilda's parents Mr and Mrs Wormwood. Adrianna Bertola, Josie Griffiths and Kerry Ingram, alternated as Matilda.
Find out more
-October 2011
West End opening of The RSC's Matilda
Just under a year after opening in Stratford-upon-Avon - and after a sell-out run - The Royal Shakespeare Company’s Matilda The Musical, based on Roald Dahl's Matilda, transfers to London’s West End, opens at The Cambridge Theatre in October 2011.
As in Stratford, the West End production of the show wins rave reviews and goes on to enjoy phenomenal success.
Find out more
-March 2012
Relocation of Roald Dahl's Writing Hut
The contents of Roald Dahl’s famous Writing Hut, the place where he wrote many of his famous children's stories including The Witches , Matilda and James and the Giant Peach , is relocated from the gardens of Gipsy House to the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre .
The structure of the Hut remains in its original location, but the building's entire interior is moved to the Museum, allowing visitors to get a glimpse inside for the very first time. The exhibition includes Roald's original chair - with part of the back removed to accommodate an injury he sustained after his plane crashed in Libya during the Second World War - and the piece of board covered in green felt that he wrote his stories on.
Find out more
-1st February 2014
The 50th anniversary of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
1st February 2014 - the day on which Willy Wonka opened his famous Factory Gates in the original story - saw the kick-off of global celebrations in the 50th anniversary year of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory .
A range of events and new publishing is planned to celebrate this special occasion - from author Lucy Mangan's turn Inside the Chocolate Factory and the addition of Charlie as a Penguin Modern Classic (both released in September) to special events at Kew Gardens and Camp Bestival in the UK to the incredible Golden Ticket sweepstakes prizes for US visitors to this website, 2014 is sure to have one or more scrumdiddlyumptious treats to tempt you.
| i don't know |
Who played 'Emma Peel' in the 1998 film 'The Avengers'? | The Avengers (1998) - IMDb
IMDb
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Two British agents team up to stop Sir August de Wynter from destroying the world with a weather-changing machine.
Director:
Jeremiah S. Chechik (as Jeremiah Chechik)
Writers:
Sydney Newman (television series The Avengers), Don MacPherson
Stars:
From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video
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Hdtgm: A Conversation with Jeremiah Chechik, Director of The Avengers
27 May 2016 9:30 AM, -08:00 | Slash Film
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3 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards »
Videos
An insurance agent is sent by her employer to track down and help capture an art thief.
Director: Jon Amiel
When an escort girl is found dead in the offices of a Japanese company in LA, detectives Web Smith and John Connor act as liaison between the company's executives and the investigating cop Tom Graham.
Director: Philip Kaufman
A quirky spy show of the adventures of an eccentricly suave British agent and his predominately female partners.
Stars: Patrick Macnee, Diana Rigg, Honor Blackman
Lancelot falls in love with Guinevere, who is due to be married to King Arthur. Meanwhile, a violent warlord tries to seize power from Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.
Director: Jerry Zucker
In the future, Highlander Connor MacLeod must prevent the destruction of Earth under an anti-ozone shield.
Director: Russell Mulcahy
In an alternate Victorian Age world, a group of famous contemporary fantasy, SF and adventure characters team up on a secret mission.
Director: Stephen Norrington
Edit
Storyline
British Ministry agent John Steed, under direction from "Mother", investigates a diabolical plot by arch-villain Sir August de Wynter to rule the world with his weather control machine. Steed investigates the beautiful Doctor Mrs. Emma Peel, the only suspect, but simultaneously falls for her and joins forces with her to combat Sir August. Written by John Hawkinson <[email protected]>
When evil reigns, only one team can weather the storm. See more »
Genres:
Rated PG-13 for brief strong language | See all certifications »
Parents Guide:
14 August 1998 (USA) See more »
Also Known As:
£937,166 (UK) (14 August 1998)
Gross:
Did You Know?
Trivia
As well as Mrs Peel, scriptwriter Don MacPherson intentionally drew on elements of Cathy Gale, her predecessor on the original series, for his updating. See more »
Goofs
At the Start of the film when steed drops the box of macaroons on the desk in the first shot the bakery name is at the front and the box is square on, the following cut the box has turned the text on the side of box is now at the front and the box is slightly angled See more »
Quotes
Alice : [holding a submachine gun, to Steed and Emma Peel] Would you please be so kind as to hit the ground, if it's not too much trouble?
[Fires submachine gun, kills the bad guy]
Alice : I hope he was a baddie.
Waltz Op. 64 No. 2 (Medium)
by Frédéric Chopin
Not great, but not the horror everyone else describes
6 July 1999 | by possum-3
– See all my reviews
Frankly, when THE AVENGERS was released, I wanted it to bomb--I wanted Hollywood to finally get the idea that ripping off old TV shows is IMBECILIC and almost never successful. Thus, I was happy that the movie did poorly and closed quickly. (I also took a trip to London just as the movie was released, and if you think it was ill-received here, the British took it times TEN.)
Ironically, though, it isn't that bad a movie. Not great, but certainly not the despicable mess that most others seem to think.
It's been called ridiculous, slow, talky, surreal. Well, what a shock, so was the original series. I've recently viewed the entire 1967 season (bought all four boxed sets), and the show is all those things at times. It is slow, generally, at a very langorous pace throughout most stories. It is talky, since most of the charm of the original was in the dialogue between characters. It was surreal, even ridiculous (The Winged Avenger, anyone? Eeee-urp.)
Uma Thurman does a passable job as Emma--she's no Diana Rigg, but who is? She plays the character smart enough, although she doesn't quite capture Rigg's regal command of situation. Ralph Fiennes, however, misses the character of Steed quite a bit, playing him as reserved, without any of Steed's charisma. Steed always had a quality about him that made you feel as if he woke up every morning feeling absolutely smashing--Fiennes seems to miss that.
The problem the film faces is twofold: Those of us who have seen the original will always compare the two, and a copy can't hope to compare. Those who haven't seen the series have no grounds to assess it on--(see some of the above user comments which begin 'I never saw the original series...')and since I think this series is not exactly vividly-remembered by the majority of the population (particularly the 18 and under movie-goers, who don't have much grasp of the nuances The Avengers operated on). Frankly, The Avengers was probably just a bad choice to try to remake
(--LIKE ALL OLD TV SHOWS. Tell me one old-TV remake that has ever spawned a sequel (which Hollywood is always sure to do when something is a success)-- only THE BRADY BUNCH...point proven?)
61 of 87 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
Yes
| Uma Thurman |
"""Send me postcard, drop me a line, Stating point of view"" is a line from which 'Beatles' song?" | The Avengers | The Avengers Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia ( view authors) .
The Avengers is a spy-fi British television series set in 1960s Britain . The Avengers initially focused on Dr. David Keel ( Ian Hendry ) and his assistant John Steed ( Patrick Macnee ). Hendry left after the first series and Steed became the main character, partnered with a succession of assistants. Steed's most famous assistants were intelligent, stylish and assertive women: Cathy Gale ( Honor Blackman ), Emma Peel ( Diana Rigg ), and later Tara King ( Linda Thorson ). Later episodes increasingly incorporated elements of science fiction and fantasy , parody and British eccentricity. The Avengers ran from 1961 until 1969, screening as one hour episodes its entire run.
The Avengers was produced by ABC Television , a contractor within the ITV network. After a merger in July 1968 ABC Television became Thames Television which continued production of the series, although it was still broadcast under the ABC name. By 1969 The Avengers was shown in more than 90 countries. The Avengers was the longest continuously running espionage series until 24 . ITV produced a sequel series The New Avengers (1976–1977) with Patrick Macnee returning as John Steed, and two new partners.
In 2007 The Avengers was ranked #20 on TV Guide's Top Cult Shows Ever . [1]
Contents
The Avengers was marked by different eras as co-stars came and went. The only constant was John Steed, played by Patrick Macnee.
1961: With Dr David Keel (Ian Hendry)
Edit
The Avengers began with medical doctor, Dr David Keel ( Ian Hendry ), investigating the murder by a drug ring of his fiancée and office receptionist Peggy. A stranger named John Steed, who was investigating the ring, appeared and together they set out to avenge her death in the first two episodes. Afterwards, Steed asked Keel to partner him as needed to solve crimes.
The Avengers followed Hendry's Police Surgeon , in which he played police surgeon Geoffrey Brent. [2] While Police Surgeon did not last long, viewers praised Hendry. Hendry was considered the star of the new series, receiving top billing over Macnee, and Steed did not appear in two episodes.
As the series progressed, Steed's importance increased, and he carried the final episode solo. While Steed and Keel used wit while discussing crimes and dangers, the series also depicted the interplay — and often tension — between Keel's idealism and Steed's professionalism. As seen in the surviving episode "The Frighteners", Steed also had helpers among the population who provided information, similar to the " Baker Street Irregulars " of Sherlock Holmes .
The other regular in the first series was Carol Wilson ( Ingrid Hafner ), the nurse and receptionist who replaced the slain Peggy. Carol assisted Keel and Steed in cases, without being part of Steed's inner circle. Hafner had played opposite Hendry as a nurse in Police Surgeon. [2]
The series was shot on 405-line videotape using a multicamera setup . There was little provision for editing and virtually no location footage. As was standard practice at the time, videotapes of early episodes of The Avengers were reused . Of the first series, two complete episodes still exist, as 16 mm film telerecordings . One of the episodes remaining does not feature Steed. The first 15 minutes of the first episode also exists as a telerecording.
1962–64: With Venus Smith (Julie Stevens) and Cathy Gale (Honor Blackman)
File:CathyGale.jpg
Production of the first series was cut short by a strike. By the time production could begin on the second series, Hendry had quit to pursue a film career. Macnee was promoted to star and Steed became the focus of the series, initially working with a rotation of three different partners. Dr Martin King (Jon Rollason), a thinly disguised rewriting of Keel, saw action in only three episodes produced from scripts written for the first series. King was intended to be a transitional character between Keel and Steed's two new female partners, but while the Dr. King episodes were shot first, they were shown out of production order in the middle of the season. The character was thereafter quickly and quietly dropped.
Nightclub singer Venus Smith ( Julie Stevens ) appeared in six episodes. She was a complete "amateur", meaning that she did not have any professional crime-fighting skills as did the two doctors. She was excited to be participating in a "spy" adventure alongside secret agent Steed (although at least one episode — "The Removal Men" — indicates she isn't always enthusiastic). Nonetheless, she appears to be attracted to him and their relationship appears similar to that later displayed between Steed and Tara King. Her episodes featured musical interludes showcasing her singing performances. The character of Venus underwent some revision during her run, adopting more youthful demeanour and dress.
The first episode broadcast in the second series had introduced the partner who would change the show into the format it is most remembered for. Honor Blackman played Dr. Cathy Gale , a self-assured, quick-witted anthropologist who was skilled in judo and had a passion for wearing leather clothes. [3] Widowed during the Mau Mau years in Kenya , she was the "talented amateur" who saw her aid to Steed's cases as a service to her nation. Gale was said to have been born 5 October 1930 at midnight, and was raised in Africa. Gale was early-to-mid 30s during her tenure, in contrast to female characters in similar series who tended to be younger.
Gale was unlike any female character seen before on British TV and became a household name. Reportedly, part of her charm came from the fact that her earliest appearances were episodes in which dialogue written for Keel was simply transferred to her. Said series script writer Dennis Spooner "there's the famous story of how Honor Blackman played Ian Hendry's part, which is why they stuck her in leather and such-it was so much cheaper than changing the lines!" [4]
Venus Smith did not return for the third series and Cathy Gale became Steed's only regular partner. The series established a level of sexual tension between Steed and Gale, but the writers were not allowed to go beyond flirting and innuendo . Despite this the relationship between Steed and Gale was progressive for 1962-63. In "The Golden Eggs" it is revealed that Gale lived in Steed's flat; her rent according to Steed was to keep the refrigerator well-stocked and to cook for him (she appears to do neither). However, this was said to be a temporary arrangement while Gale looked for a new home, and Steed was sleeping at a hotel.
During the first series there were hints Steed worked for a branch of British Intelligence, and this was expanded in the second series. Steed initially received orders from different superiors, including someone referred to as "Charles", and "One-Ten" ( Douglas Muir ). By the third series the delivery of Steed's orders was not depicted on screen or explained. In "The Nutshell" the secret organisation to which Steed belongs is shown, and it is Gale's first visit to their HQ.
Small references to Steed's background were occasionally made. In series three's "Death of a Batman" it was said that Steed was with I Corps in World War II , and in Munich in 1945. In series four episode "The Hour That Never Was" Steed goes to a reunion of his RAF regiment.
A film version of the series was in its initial planning stages by late 1963 after series three was completed. An early story proposal paired Steed and Gale with a male and female duo of American agents, to make the movie appeal to the American market. Before the project could gain momentum Blackman was cast opposite Sean Connery in Goldfinger , requiring her to leave the series.
Series transformation
Edit
During the Gale era Steed was transformed from a rugged trenchcoat-wearing agent into the stereotypical English gentleman, complete with Savile Row suit, bowler hat and umbrella with clothes later designed by Pierre Cardin . (The bowler and umbrella were full of tricks, including a sword hidden within the umbrella handle and a steel plate concealed in the hat.) These items were referred to in the French, German and Polish titles of the series, Chapeau melon et bottes de cuir ("Bowler hat and leather boots"), Mit Schirm, Charme und Melone ("With Umbrella, Charm and Bowler Hat") and Rewolwer i melonik ("A Revolver and a Bowler Hat"), respectively. With his impeccable manners, old world sophistication, and vintage automobiles, Steed came to represent the traditional Englishman of an earlier era.
By contrast his partners were youthful, forward-looking, and always dressed in the latest mod fashions. Gale's innovative leather outfits suited her many athletic fight scenes. Honor Blackman became a star in Britain with her black leather outfits and boots (nicknamed " kinky boots ") and her judo-based fighting style. Macnee and Blackman even released a novelty song called " Kinky Boots ". Some of the clothes seen in The Avengers were designed at the studio of John Sutcliffe who published the AtomAge fetish magazine .
Series script writer Dennis Spooner said that the series would frequently feature Steed visiting busy public places such as the main airport in London, without anyone else present in the scene. "'Can't you afford extras?' they'd ask. Well it wasn't like that; it's just that Steed had to be alone to be accepted-put him in a crowd and he sticks out like a sore thumb! Let's face it, with normal people he's weird. The trick to making him acceptable is never to show him in a normal world, just fighting villains who are odder than he is!" [4]
1965–68: With Emma Peel (Diana Rigg)
Edit
In 1965 the show was sold to United States network, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The Avengers became one of the first British series to be aired on prime time U.S. television. The ABC network paid the then-unheard of sum of $2 million for the first 26 episodes. The average budget for each episode was reportedly £56,000, high for the British industry. The fourth series aired in the U.S. from March to December 1966.
Previously The Avengers had been shot on 405-line videotape using a multicamera setup , with very little provision for editing and virtually no location footage. The U.S. deal meant that the producers could afford to start shooting the series on 35mm film . The use of film rather than videotape was essential, as British 405-line video was technically incompatible with the U.S. NTSC videotape format. Filmed productions were standard on U.S. prime time television at that time. The Avengers continued to be produced in monochrome.
The transfer to film meant that episodes would be shot using the single camera setup , giving the production greater flexibility. The videotaped episodes had looked cheap and studio bound. The use of film production and the single camera production style allowed more sophisticated visuals and camera angles and more outdoor location shots, all of which greatly improved the look of the series. As was standard on British television filmed production through the 1960s, all location work on series four was shot mute with the soundtrack created in post production. Dialogue scenes were filmed in the studio, leading to some jumps between location and studio footage.
File:Emma-Peel Avengers-Intro.jpg
New female partner Mrs. Emma Peel ( Diana Rigg ) debuted in this series, in October 1965. The name of the character derived from a comment by writers, during development, that they wanted a character with "man appeal". In an early attempt to incorporate this concept into the character's name, she was called "Samantha Peel", shortened to the awkward "Mantha Peel," [5] Eventually the writers began referring to the idea by the verbal shorthand, "M. Appeal", [6] which gave rise to the character's ultimate name. Emma Peel, whose husband went missing while flying over the Amazon, retained the self-assuredness of Gale, combined with superior fighting skills, intelligence, and a contemporary fashion sense.
After more than 60 actresses had been auditioned, the first choice to play the role was Elizabeth Shepherd . However, after filming one and a half episodes, Shepherd was released. Her on-screen personality was deemed less interesting than that of Blackman's Gale and it was decided she simply wasn't right for the role. Another 20 actresses were auditioned before the show's casting director suggested that producers Brian Clemens and Albert Fennell check out a televised drama featuring the relatively unknown Rigg. Her screen test with Macnee showed that the two immediately worked well together, and a new era in Avengers history began.
A prologue was added to the beginning of all the fourth series episodes for the American transmissions. This was to clarify some initial confusion audiences had regarding the characters and their mission. In the opener, a waiter holding a champagne bottle falls dead onto a human-sized chessboard; a dagger protruding from a target on his back. Steed and Mrs. Peel (dressed in her trademark leather catsuit) walk up to the body as the voice over explains: "Extraordinary crimes against the people, and the state, have to be avenged by agents extraordinary. Two such people are John Steed, top professional, and his partner Emma Peel, talented amateur. Otherwise known as The Avengers." During this voice over, Steed pours two drinks from the wine bottle and Mrs. Peel replaces her gun in her boot. They clink glasses and depart together. Fade to black and then the opening titles proper begin.
File:Avengersplate.jpg
In contrast to the Gale episodes, there was a lighter comic touch in Steed and Peel's interactions with each other and their reactions to other characters and situations. Earlier series had a harder tone, with the Gale era including some quite serious espionage dramas. This almost completely disappeared as Steed and Peel visibly enjoyed topping each other's witticisms. The layer of conflict with Gale-who on occasion openly resented being used by Steed, often without her permission-was absent from Steed's interaction with Peel. Also the sexual tension between Steed and Gale was not present with Peel. In both cases, the exact relationship between the partners was left ambiguous, although they seemed to have carte blanche to visit each other's homes whenever they pleased and it was not uncommon for scenes to suggest Steed had spent the night at Gale's or Peel's home, or vice-versa. Although nothing "improper" was displayed, the obviously much closer chemistry between Steed and Peel constantly suggests intimacy between the two.
Science fiction fantasy elements (a style later known as Spy-fi ) emerged in stories. The duo would encounter killer robots ("The Cybernauts"), and giant alien carnivorous plants ("The Man-Eater of Surrey Green").
In her fourth episode, "Death at Bargain Prices", Mrs. Peel takes an undercover job at a department store. Her uniform for promoting space-age toys is an elaborate leather catsuit plus silver boots, sash, and welder's gloves. The suit minus the silver accessories became her signature outfit which she wore, primarily for fight scenes, in early episodes, and in the titles. There was a fetishistic undercurrent in some episodes. In " A Touch of Brimstone " Mrs. Peel dressed in a dominatrix outfit of corset, laced boots and spiked collar to become the "Queen of Sin".
Peel's avant-garde fashions, featuring bold accents and high-contrast geometric patterns, emphasized her youthful, contemporary personality. She represented the modern England of the Sixties – just as Steed, with his vintage style and mannerisms, personified Edwardian era nostalgia. According to Macnee in his book The Avengers and Me, Rigg disliked wearing leather and insisted on a new line of fabric athletic wear for the 5th series. Alun Hughes, who had designed clothing for Diana Rigg's personal wardrobe, was suggested by the actress to design Emma Peel's "softer" new wardrobe. Pierre Cardin was brought in to design a new wardrobe for Macnee. In America, TV Guide ran a four-page photospread on Rigg's new "Emmapeeler" outfits (10–16 June 1967). Eight tight-fitting jumpsuits in a variety of bright colors were created using the stretch fabric crimplene .
Another memorable feature of the show from this point onwards was its automobiles. Steed's signature cars were vintage 1926–1928 Bentley racing or town cars, including Blower Bentleys and Bentley Speed Sixes (although, uniquely, in "The Thirteenth Hole" he drives a Vauxhall 30/98 ), while Peel drove a sporty Lotus Elan convertible which, like her clothes, emphasized her independence and vitality. During the first Peel series, each episode would end with a short, comedic scene of the duo leaving the scene of their most recent adventure in some unusual vehicle.
For this series Diana Rigg's stunt double was stuntman Billy Westley , Patrick Macnee's stunt double was Peter Clay .
Fifth series
Edit
After one filmed series (of 26 episodes) in black and white, The Avengers began filming in colour for the fifth series in 1966. It would be three years before Britain's ITV network began full colour broadcasting.
This series was broadcast in the U.S. from January to May 1967. The American prologue of the previous series was rejigged for the colour episodes. It opened with the caption The Avengers In Color (required by ABC for colour series at that time). This was followed by Steed unwrapping the foil from a champagne bottle and Peel shooting the cork away. (Unlike the "chessboard" opening of the previous series, this new prologue was also included in UK broadcasts of the series.)
The first 16 episodes of the fifth series begin with Peel receiving a call-to-duty message from Steed: "Mrs. Peel, we're needed." Peel would be conducting her normal activities when she'd unexpectedly receive a message on a calling card or within a delivered gift, at which point Steed would suddenly appear (usually in her apartment). The messages would be delivered by Steed in increasingly bizarre ways as the series progressed: in a newspaper Peel had just bought, or on traffic lights while she was out driving. On one occasion Steed appeared on her television set, interrupting an old science-fiction movie (actually clips from their Year Four episode "The Cybernauts") to call her to work. Another way Steed contacted her was in the beginning of episode 13, "A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Station" when she enters her flat and sees a Meccano Percy the Small Engine going around a circular track with a note on one of the train cars that says "Mrs. Peel" in bold letters, she then walks over to Steed who says "you're needed". At the start of "The Hidden Tiger" Peel is redecorating her apartment (wearing a jumpsuit and drinking champagne); she peels off a strip of wallpaper, revealing the words "Mrs Peel" painted on the wall beneath. She turns to see Steed in the apartment removing another strip of wallpaper, revealing "We're needed" painted underneath on another wall. In another instance Emma enters Steed's flat to find he has just fallen down the stairs, and he painfully gasps, "Mrs. Peel, you're needed." Often the episode's tag scene would return to the situation of the "Mrs. Peel, we're needed" scene. "The Hidden Tiger" returns to the partially redecorated apartment where Steed begins painting a love heart and arrow and the initials of two people on the wall, but paints over the initials when Peel sees his graffito. In "The Superlative Seven" the call to duty and the tag both involve a duck shooting situation where unexpected items fall from the sky after shots are fired.
The series also introduced a comic tag line caption to the episode title, using the format of "Steed [does this], Emma [does that]." For example "The Joker" had the opening caption: "Steed trumps an ace, Emma plays a lone hand".
The "Mrs. Peel, we're needed" scenes and the alternate tag lines were dropped after the first 16 episodes, after a break in production, for financial reasons. They were deemed by the U.K. networks as disposable if The Avengers was to return to ITV screens. (Dave Rogers' book The Avengers Anew lists a set for every Steed/Peel episode except "The Forget-Me-Knot".)
Stories were increasingly characterised by a futuristic, science fiction bent, with mad scientists and their creations leaving havoc. The duo dealt with being shrunk to doll size ("Mission... Highly Improbable"), pet cats being electrically altered into ferocious and lethal 'miniature tigers' ("The Hidden Tiger"), killer automata ("Return of The Cybernauts"), mind-transferring machines ("Who's Who???"), and invisible foes ("The See-Through Man").
The series parodied its American contemporaries with episodes such as "The Girl From AUNTIE", "Mission... Highly Improbable" and "The Winged Avenger" (spoofing The Man from U.N.C.L.E. , Mission: Impossible and Batman , respectively). The show still carried the basic format — Steed and his associate were charged with solving the problem in the space of a 50-minute episode, thus preserving the safety of 1960s Britain.
Comedy was evident in the names and acronyms of the organizations. For example, in "The Living Dead", two rival groups examine reported ghost sightings: FOG (Friends Of Ghosts) and SMOG (Scientific Measurement Of Ghosts). "The Hidden Tiger" features the Philanthropic Union for Rescue, Relief and Recuperation of Cats — PURRR — led by characters named Cheshire, Manx, and Angora.
The series also occasionally adopted a metafictional tone, coming close to breaking the fourth wall . In the series 5 episode "Something Nasty in the Nursery" Peel directly references the series' storytelling convention of having potentially-helpful sources of information killed off just before she or Steed arrive. This then occurs a few minutes later. In the tag scene for the same episode, Steed and Peel tell viewers - indirectly - to tune in next week.
For this series Diana Rigg's stunt double was stuntwoman Cyd Child , though stuntman Peter Elliot doubled for Rigg in a stunt dive in "The Bird Who Knew Too Much".
Rigg's departure
Edit
Rigg was initially unhappy with the way she was treated by the show's producers. During her first series she learned she was being paid less than the camera man. She demanded a raise which put her more on a par with her co-star, or she would leave the show. The producers gave in, thanks to the show's great popularity in the US. [7]
At the end of the fifth series in 1967, Rigg left to pursue other projects. This included following Honor Blackman to play a leading role in a James Bond film, in this case On Her Majesty's Secret Service .
Rigg and Macnee have remained lifelong friends.
1968–69: With Tara King (Linda Thorson)
File:Patrick MacNee Linda Thorson 1968.JPG
When Diana Rigg left the series in October 1967, the British network executives decided that the current series formula, despite resulting in popular success, could not be pursued further. Thus they decided that a "return to realism" was appropriate for the sixth series (1968–69). Brian Clemens and Albert Fennel were replaced by John Bryce, producer of most of the Cathy Gale-era episodes.
Bryce had a difficult situation in hand. He had to find a replacement for Diana Rigg and shoot the first seven episodes of the new series, which were supposed to be shipped to America together with the last eight Emma Peel colour episodes.
Bryce signed his then-girlfriend, 20-year-old newcomer Linda Thorson , as the new female costar and chose the name "Tara King" for her character. Thorson played the role with more innocence in mind and at heart; and unlike the previous partnerships with Cathy and Emma, the writers allowed subtle hints of romance to blossom between Steed and King. King also differed from Steed's previous partners in that she was a fully fledged (albeit initially inexperienced) agent working for Steed's organisation; his previous partners had all been (in the words of the prologue used for American broadcasts of the first Rigg series) talented amateurs. Bryce wanted Tara to be blonde, so Thorson's brown hair was bleached . However the process badly damaged Thorson's hair, so she had to wear wigs for the first third of her episodes, until her own hair grew back. Her natural brown hair was not seen until the episode "All Done with Mirrors".
Production of the first seven episodes of the sixth series began. However financial problems and internal difficulties undermined Bryce's effort. He only managed to complete three episodes: "Invitation to a Killing" (a 90-minute episode introducing Tara King), "The Great, Great Britain Crime" (some of its original footage was reused in the 1969 episode "Homicide and Old Lace") and "Invasion of the Earthmen" (which survived relatively intact except for the scenes where Tara wears a brown wig.)
After a rough cut screening of these episodes to studio executives, Bryce was fired and Clemens and Fennel were summoned back. At their return, a fourth episode called "The Murderous Connection" was in its second day of production. After revising the script, it was renamed as "The Curious Case of the Countless Clues" and production was resumed. Production of the episode "Split!", a leftover script from the Emma Peel colour series, proceeded. Two completely new episodes were also shot: "Get-A-Way", and "Look (Stop Me If You've Heard This One) But There Were These Two Fellers".
Dennis Spooner said of the event that "Brian left The Avengers for about three episodes, someone took over, and when Brian came back, it was in a terrible state. He was faced with doing a rewrite on a film they'd already shot." The episode had a story error where Steed leaves for a destination. The villains then realise this and pursue him - yet arrive there before Steed does. It was fixed by having a character ask Steed 'What took you so long?', to which he replies 'I came the pretty way'. "You can only do that on The Avengers you see. It was just my favourite show to work on." [8]
Clemens and Fennel decided to film a new episode to introduce Tara King. This, the third episode filmed for the sixth series, was titled "The Forget-Me-Knot" and bade farewell to Emma Peel and introduced her successor, a trained but inexperienced agent named Tara King. It would be broadcast as the first episode of the sixth series. Tara debuts in dynamic style: when Steed is called to Headquarters, he is attacked and knocked down by trainee agent King who mistakes him for her training partner.
No farewell scenes for Emma Peel had been shot when Diana Rigg left the series. Rigg was recalled for "The Forget-Me-Knot", through which Emma acts as Steed's partner as usual. Rigg also filmed a farewell scene for Emma which appeared as the tag scene of the episode. It was explained that Emma's husband, Peter Peel, was found alive and rescued, and she left the British secret service to be with him. Emma visits Steed to say goodbye, and while leaving she passes Tara on the stairway giving the advice that "He likes his tea stirred anti-clockwise." Steed looks out the window as a departing Emma enters the Bentley driven by Peter - who from a distance seems to resemble Steed (and was played by Patrick Macnee, wearing a bowler hat and umbrella).
Bryce's original episode introducing Tara, "Invitation to a Killing", was revised as a regular 60-minute episode named "Have Guns Will Haggle". These episodes, together with "Invasion of the Earthmen" and the last eight Peel colour episodes, were shipped to America in February 1968.
For this series the government official who gave Steed his orders was depicted on screen. Mother , introduced in "The Forget-Me-Knot", is a man in a wheelchair. The role was taken by Patrick Newell who had played different roles in two earlier episodes, most recently in series five. Mother's headquarters would shift from place to place, including one episode where his complete office was on the top level of a double-decker bus . (Several James Bond films of the 1970s would make use of a similar gimmick for Bond's briefings.)
Added later as a regular was Mother's mute Amazonian assistant, Rhonda ( Rhonda Parker ). There was one appearance by an agency official code-named "Father" , a blind older woman played by Iris Russell . (Russell had appeared in the series several times previously in other roles.) In one episode, "Killer", Steed is paired with Lady Diana Forbes Blakeney (Jennifer Croxton) while King is on holiday.
Scriptwriter Dennis Spooner later reflected on this series. "When I wrote "Look (Stop Me If You've Heard This One) But There Were These Two Fellers", that was definitely the last series. They were going to make no more, so in that series we went right over the top; we went really weird, because they knew there weren't going to be any more." [9]
Spooner said the series "worked because it became a parody on itself, almost. You can only do that so long." Overall he attributes the success of the show to its light approach. "We spoofed everything, we took Mission: Impossible, Bad Day at Black Rock , High Noon , The Dirty Dozen , The Birds ... we took them all. The film buffs used to love it. There were always lines in it that people knew what we were talking about." [9]
Vehicle wise, Steed continued to drive vintage green Bentleys in the first seven episodes in production. His regular transport for the remainder of the series were two yellow Rolls-Royce cars . Mother also occasionally appeared in silver Rolls-Royces. Tara King drove an AC 428 and a Lotus Europa .
The revised series continued to be broadcast in America. The episodes with Linda Thorson as King proved to be highly rated in Europe and the UK. In the United States however, the ABC network which carried the series chose to air it opposite the number one show in the country at the time, Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In . Steed and King couldn't compete, and the show was cancelled in the US. Without this vital commercial backing, production could not continue in Britain either, and the series ended in May 1969. The final scene of the final episode ("Bizarre") has Steed and King, champagne glasses in hand, accidentally launching themselves into orbit aboard a rocket, as Mother breaks the fourth wall and says to the audience, "They'll be back!" before adding in shock, "They're unchaperoned up there!"
Music
Edit
The 1961 series featured a jazz-influenced theme by John Dankworth . Library music was used sparsely as a soundtrack. Dankworth's theme music was reworked for the third series.
When Rigg joined the series new theme music by Laurie Johnson was introduced. This was issued on an LP, entitled The Shake.
Johnson re-scored the theme when Linda Thorson joined the series, adding a counter melody on trumpet. The new theme debuted in the closing titles of the episode "The Forget-Me-Knot", which introduced Thorson.
Johnson also provided incidental music. Owing to professional commitments in films, including Hot Millions, Johnson requested assistance from his keyboard player, Howard Blake , who scored some of the episodes of the final season. Blake composed additional music for other episodes which Johnson did not have time to complete.
Johnson subsequently collaborated with Clemens on other projects, including the theme for The New Avengers.
Production team
Edit
The production team changed during the series' long run, particularly between the third and fourth series, but the influence of Brian Clemens was felt throughout. He wrote the second episode and became the series' most prolific scriptwriter. Succeeding producers Leonard White and John Bryce, Julian Wintle became the producer of the 4th series with Brian Clemens credited as Associate Producer and Albert Fennell credited as "In charge of production". Series 5, made by A.B.C. Television Films, (which was created during the run up to Associated British Corporation and Associated-Redifussion forming Thames TV) Clemens and Fennell became co-producers, with Wintle as Executive Producer. For series 6, after its first producer John Bryce left, Clemens and Fennell returned as co-producers, early episodes also credit Julian Wintle as Consultant to the series and Philip Levene as Story Consultant.
Ray Austin became the fight arranger for series 4 and 5, introducing kung fu to the series. Later he became a prolific television director. Joe Dunne took over for series 6.
Reception in North America
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Although kinescopes of the second and third series were seen in Canada as early as 1965, the first three series of The Avengers were not broadcast on television in the United States. These series were shot in the studio on 405-line video using a multicamera setup . Episodes were often performed live to tape on the day they were to be transmitted and there was little provision for retakes. Seven episodes of the first series were actually performed live. As there was little opportunity for retakes, these early episodes were fraught with technical errors. The episode "Immortal Clay" features a visible camera shake. In "School for Traitors" Julie Stevens stumbles over her dialogue when introducing Steed to someone, prompting Macnee to ad lib a joke to cover the error.
In contrast 1960s US prime time drama television productions were shot on film using the single camera method. Retakes allowed obvious errors to be corrected in these productions. As they were originated on film, the editing techniques were far superior to those available for 405-line videotape. The 1965 sale of The Avengers to United States television prompted a change in production style to the single camera shooting method, originated on 35 mm film .
The more relaxed standards of British media would have required some moments to be censored in the U.S. In "Mr Teddy Bear" Steed strips down to his underwear for decontamination. In "Death Dispatch" Gale is seen wearing a black-lace brassiere .
The series' stunt man and stunt arranger Ray Austin expressed the opinion that the show's violence ultimately harmed its popular success in the United States. There The Avengers was given a late timeslot due to its violence. "They did that with the first Avengers here [in the U.S.], with Diana Rigg. They put us on at 11.30 pm on CBS [sic], because it was too violent." Austin goes on to explain that U.S. television follows a "different code". Austin said that on The Avengers "we were determined to do the show our way, the English way, and no one was going to stop us! And, indeed, no one did stop us. We never, never got to prime time. And it was our own faults, because we would not comply to the Midwest. That's where the money comes from in this country, nowhere else. Forget Los Angeles, forget New York-you have to aim for the Midwest. If the Midwest watches your show, you've made it." [10] In fact the first and second series of Emma Peel episodes mainly aired at 10.00 pm on ABC. [11] The final Rigg episodes and all the Linda Thorson episodes mainly ran at 7.30 pm, also on ABC. [12]
American censors objected to some content, in particular the episode "A Touch of Brimstone" which featured a modern day version of the Hellfire Club and climaxed with Emma being drugged and donning a skimpy corset costume with spiked collar and high heels to become the Queen of Sin, and being attacked with a whip by guest star Peter Wyngarde . The American broadcast network refused to air it. [13] In total five episodes from the first Emma Peel series were not initially broadcast by ABC. [14] These were: "A Surfeit of H2O", "Silent Dust" (which featured Emma being attacked with a horsewhip), "Quick-Quick Slow Death", "A Touch of Brimstone" and "Honey for the Prince" (in which Emma performed the dance of the seven veils ), although they were seen in later syndicated repeats.
Earlier Cathy Gale and Venus Smith episodes had aired in Canada before the arrival of Mrs. Peel. U.S. audiences saw the 1962-1964 Gale and Smith episodes of the series for the first time in the early 1990s when they were broadcast on the A&E Network . No Keel episode of the series repeatedly was ever broadcast outside Britain, and even in the UK , only an episode "The Frighteners" (as part of a run of classic episodes on Channel 4 in early 1993, otherwise mostly consisting of Gale episodes). [15]
Non-English language titles
The Avengers was broadcast to over 120 countries, under various titles.
France: Chapeau melon et bottes de cuir (Bowler Hat and Leather Boots)
Germany: Mit Schirm, Charme und Melone (With Umbrella, Charm and Bowler) [16]
Italy: Agente Speciale (Special Agent) [17]
Yugoslavia: Osvetnici (The Avengers)
Finland: Herrasmiesagentti (Gentleman agent)
Poland: Rewolwer i melonik (Revolver and Bowler Hat)
Taiwan: 復仇者 (The Avengers). From October 1971 to 1973 Emma Peel-Tara King era episode aired Tuesday evenings, 10-11 P.M.
Thailand: เพื่อนใจสายลับ (Chappie-The Spy) for season 1-3 , ขวัญใจสายลับ (Dearie-The Spy) for season 4-5 , กลอยใจสายลับ (Sweetie-The Spy) for season 6
Iceland: Skelegg skötuhjú (Trenchant twosome)
Episodes
Main article: List of The Avengers episodes
Six series of The Avengers were made between 1961 and 1969. There was an enforced break in filming and transmission towards the end of series five due to financial problems. Television researcher Andrew Pixley and authors Paul Cornell , Martin Day and Keith Topping in their book The Avengers Dossier: The Unauthorised and Unofficial Guide consider the last eight episodes produced after the break as constituting a short series six, and therefore count seven series in total. Within the internal production of The Avengers the last eight episodes were considered to be a continuation of series five.
Episode copies and DVDs
Edit
All original videotapes from series one, two and three, which were shot on video, were wiped .
Only two complete episodes from the show's first series are known to exist, as 16mm film telerecordings . These are "The Frighteners", an extract of which is playing on a television in the film Quadrophenia , and "Girl on the Trapeze", which was found in the UCLA Film and Television Archive via an internet search of their on-line database. Part of the show's first episode was found in the United States. The footage is of the episode's first 21 minutes, up to the first commercial break.
All series two and three episodes survive as 16mm telerecordings. These have been released to DVD , as have all of the Emma Peel and Tara King episodes, which were shot on film. The two surviving complete Keel episodes, plus the remnant of the first episode, have also been released in the UK and US.
The New Avengers
Main article: The New Avengers
The sustained popularity of the Tara King episodes in France led to a 1975 French television advertisement for a brand of champagne with Thorson and Macnee reprising their roles. The advertisement's success spurred financing interest in France for new episodes of The Avengers.
The result was a new series, The New Avengers. Patrick Macnee reprised the role of Steed, with two new partners, Mike Gambit ( Gareth Hunt ) and Purdey ( Joanna Lumley ). It aired on ITV in the UK in 1976-1977, CTV in Canada , CBS in the United States (in 1978/79) and TF1 in France (series 1 in 1976-1977 and series 2 in 1979). The final four episodes were almost completely produced by Canadian interests and were filmed there. In some markets they carried the title The New Avengers in Canada.
Spin-offs
Edit
A number of original novels based on the series were published in the 1960s. [20] The first by Douglas Enefer, published by Consul Books, was the only 60s novel to feature Cathy Gale. In the UK Panther books published four novels written by John Garforth, featuring Emma Peel in 1967, these were reprinted in the US by Berkley Medallion books, who, after Panther stopped publishing Avenger novels in the UK, continued publishing original novels of their own, one featuring Emma Peel & four featuring Tara King for the US market only, three by Keith Laumer in 1968 and two by Norman Daniels 1968/69. Berkely Medallion later re-printed all nine novels with new covers that featured photos of both Emma and Tara, regardless of which Avenger girl appeared in the novel. The two novels published by Hodder and Stoughton in 1965/66 were co-written by Patrick Macnee, making him one of the first actors to write licensed spin-off fiction of their own shows. The Macnee novels, deadline and dead duck, were reprinted in the UK by Titan Books in standard paperback in 1994 and in France by Huitieme Art (1995 & 1996). They were also published in the USA for the first time by TV Books in 1998. Titan reissued the books in trade paperback format (with the same covers) to coincide with the release of the feature film The Avengers .
There was a 1990 novel, Too Many Targets by John Peel , that featured all of Steed's partners except Venus Smith and Dr Martin King. Template:Multicol
The Saga of Happy Valley, Geoff Barlow , 1980 (Unauthorised, with character names changed to John Steade and Emma Peale. Sold only in Australia)
A 4 volume low volume fan fiction set produced in Australia but authorised.
Vol.1 The Weather Merchants (1989) by Dave Rogers and Geoff Barlow , Rogers had previously written several non-fiction books about the series
Vol.2 The Monster of the Moor (1990) by Geoff Barlow
Vol.3 Before the Mast (1991). A Tara short story, produced only in photocopied supplement format
Vol.4 (1994). Contains 2 stories, Moonlight Express and The Spoilsports.
Too Many Targets, John Peel and Dave Rogers, 1990.
The Avengers, Julie Kaewert , 1998 (film novelisation)
Template:Multicol-end
A short story by Peter Leslie entitled "What's a Ghoul Like You Doing in a Place Like This?" appeared in The Television Crimebusters Omnibus, a hardback anthology edited by Peter Haining , first published by Orion in 1994.(This Steed and Tara story first appeared in the 1969 UK Avengers annual, from Atlas publications.)
Both of the Macnee/Leslie UK paperback titles were translated and published in Portugal in 1967 as 'Os Vingadores: O Dia Depois De Amanha' (deadline) and 'Os Vingadores: O Pato Morto' (dead duck) by Deaga. All four UK John Garforth Panther book paperbacks were translated and published by Roman in France (1967), a paperback omnibus edition was published in 1998 by Fleuve Noir. Three of the Garforth paperbacks were also translated and published by Heyne in Germany (1967/68) ('Heil Harris!' was not translated for obvious reasons.) and a German hardback omnibus edition of the three titles was published by Lichtenberg (1968), reprinted in paperback by Heyne in 1998. All four titles were also translated and published in Holland by Bruna (1967) and in Chile by Zig-Zag (1968).
Comics
Edit
The first UK Avengers comic strips [21] featuring Steed and Cathy Gale first appeared in regional TV listings magazines 'Look Westward' and 'The Viewer' from 14 September 1963 to 9 May 1964, (later in 1964, re-printed in the 'Manchester Evening News' newspaper.) this run consisted of 4 serials. Steed and Mrs Peel comic strips began in 'TV Comic' in issue 720, dated 2 October 1965, beginning after the TV debut of Emma Peel and ran until issue 771, dated 24 September 1966 (this run consisted of 10 serials plus one four page one off in TV Comic Holiday Special June 1966), when the rights were sold to publishers D.C. Thompson, where the next version of the strip appeared in issue 199, dated 10 December 1966, of 'Diana' the popular paper for girls, its run ended in issue 224, dated 2 June 1967, with art by Emilio Frejo and Juan Gonzalez Alacrojo, this run consisted of 8 serials. Earlier, 'The Growing Up of Emma Peel' comic strip had appeared in 'June and Schoolfriend' comic from issue 52, dated 29 January 1966, to issue 63, dated 16 April 1966, this had featured the adventures of 14 year old Emma Knight and was run concurent with the TV Comic strip and consisted of 11 instalments. The Avengers returned to TV comic issue 877, dated 5 October 1968, just after Tara King debuted on TV, the Tara & Steed strip continued until issue 1077, dated 5 August 1972, this run consisted of 28 serials plus one four page one off in TV Comic Holiday Special 1972. Also in 1966 Thorpe & Porter published a 68 page Avengers comic featuring Steed & Peel with original art by Mike Anglo and Mick Austin, this consisted of four 16 pages stories.
A few The Avengers-related comic books have been published in the USA. They are not named The Avengers because the rights to the names "Avengers" and "New Avengers" are held by Marvel Comics for use with their Avengers comics depicting a team of superheroes called The Avengers. Gold Key Comics published one issue of John Steed Emma Peel in 1968 (subtitled The Avengers on the Indicia page), which included two newly-coloured and reformatted The Avengers strips from "TV Comic". A three-issue miniseries entitled Steed and Mrs Peel appeared from 1990-1992 under the Eclipse Comics imprint, it featured a three part story, 'The Golden Game' in book 1-3, by Grant Morrison and a two part story, in book 2 & 3, 'A Deadly Rainbow' by Anne Caufield , both strips had art by Ian Gibson .
In the UK, where hard back annuals are traditionally produced for sale at Christmas, The Avengers first appeared in 'TV Crimebusters Annual' (1962) and featured a 7 page comic strip with Dr. David Keel titled 'The Drug Pedlar'. And Atlas publications produced three 'The Avengers' hard back Annuals for 1967, 1968 and 1969, which also featured original Avengers comic strips featuring Steed, Emma Peel and Tara King, as well as text stories.
The TV Comic Avengers strips and the 1966 Avengers comic and a few comic strips from the Annuals have been translated and published in Germany, Holland, France and Chile.
Stage play
Edit
A stage version of The Avengers was produced in Britain in 1971, written by TV series veterans Brian Clemens and Terence Feely , and directed by Leslie Philips . It starred Simon Oates as Steed, Sue Lloyd as new partner Hannah Wild, and Kate O'Mara as villainess Madame Gerda. All three actors had played guest roles in the original series. [22]
A character named Hana Wilde (played by Charlotte Rampling ) had essentially acted as Steed's partner in series five's "The Superlative Seven", an episode in which Emma Peel appears only briefly. According to John Peel in his overview of "The Superlative Seven", "Charlotte Rampling was rumoured to be grooming up to replace Diana Rigg in this story, but nothing ever came of that." [23]
Radio series
Edit
The Avengers Radio series [24] was transmitted between 6 December 1971 and 28 December 1973 on Springbok Radio, the english language service of the South African Broadcasting Corporation ( SABC ), it was recorded at Sonovision Studios in Johannesberg, produced by Dave Gooden, the original TV scripts were adapted and directed by Tony Jay , for the 1st six months and Dennis Folbigge for the remainder. South Africa did not have national television until 1976. [25] The episodes were adapted from both Emma Peel and Tara King episodes, (with the Tara King character changed to Emma Peel throughout.) The Avengers were played by two British expatriate actors, Donald Monat as Steed and Diane Appleby as Mrs Peel, with Hugh Rouse as the tongue-in-cheek narrator. The stories were adapted into five episode serials under Tony Jay and six and seven episode serials under Dennis Folbigge, of approximately 15 minutes each (including adverts) and stripped across the week, Monday-Friday, on Springbok Radio.
Currently only 19 complete serials survive, all from reel-to-reel off-air recordings made by John Wright in 1972. Also the first 3 episodes of a re-make of Escape In Time currently exists, eps 1 & 2 are copies from the original Sonovision tapes, and ep 3 is from an off air recording, on audio cassette, made by Barbara Peterson, the rest of this serial is still missing.
These episodes are also known to have been transmitted in New York on station WBAI on 99.5 FM, from 1977 to the early 1990s.
A Deadly Gift (6 eps) (based on 'The Cybernauts')
The Super Secret Cypher Snatch (6 eps)
Dial A Deadly Number (6 eps)
Not To Be Sneezed At (7 eps) (based on 'You'll Catch Your Death')
Who Shot Poor George/XR40? (7 eps)
A Grave Change (6 eps) (based on 'Bizarre')
All Done With Mirrors (7 eps)
The Morning After (6 eps)
The Joker (6 eps)
Straight From The Shoulder (6 eps) (based on 'Invitation To A Killing')
Stop Me If You've Heard This (6) (based on 'Look, Stop Me If You've Heard This one etc..')
From Venus With Love (6 eps)
A Case of Interrogation (7 eps) (based on 'The Interrogators')
Too Many Oles (6 eps) (based on 'They Keep Killing Steed')
Train Of Events (6 eps) (based on 'A Funny Thing Happened on the way to the Station')
Escape in Time (eps 1-3 only)(a remake of the first serial broadcast in South Africa)
Copies from the original off-air recordings have been restored by Alan and Alys Hayes. And can be heard at their 'The Avengers Declassified' website and its sister website 'Avengers on the Radio'. Many more serials were broadcast during its two year run on South African Radio, it is thought 83 serials were made & transmitted, but at present no other episodes are known to exist.
Influence
Edit
The Avengers preceded the first James Bond film , Dr. No , by one year. The Avengers stars Patrick Macnee, Honor Blackman and Diana Rigg later co-starred in Bond films. The New Avengers regular Joanna Lumley had, prior to that series, appeared in the James Bond film On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969).
Film
Main article: The Avengers (1998 film)
Plans for a motion picture based upon the series circulated during the 1960s, 1980s and 1990s, with Mel Gibson at one point being considered a front-runner for the role of Steed. Ultimately, the 1998 film starring Uma Thurman as Emma Peel and Ralph Fiennes as John Steed received poor reviews from critics and fans.
In popular culture
Edit
In Get Smart episode "Run, Robot, Run" (1968), evil British agents "Snead" and "Mrs Neal" are spoofs of Steed and Mrs Peel.
In an episode of Married... with Children , Al Bundy tries to buy an Avengers video featuring Mrs Peel, but receives a Tara King episode instead.
In Frasier episode " Radio Wars " Frasier's father says his sons were picked on as children for emulating Steed by wearing bowler hats. Daphne says she once dressed as Mrs. Peel in a skintight black leather catsuit for Halloween .
In an episode of Leverage Sophie and Hardison use the pseudonyms Emily Peel and Jonathan Steed.
In the comic book series X-Men Emma Frost and the Hellfire Club were inspired by an episode of The Avengers. The X-Men spin-off Excalibur introduced a villain named Emma Steed , a thinly veiled combination Emma Peel and John Steed.
In the graphic novel The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier , Mother appears as Director of British Intelligence, Robert Cherry, and is referred to as "M". A young Emma Peel appears and the recent death of her father Sir John is a subplot.
Catherine Gale (played by Laura Putney) was the name of a CIA agent featured in the CBS series JAG in five episodes during seasons eight and nine (2002–2003): "Critical Condition" (8.01), "Need to Know" (8.07), "Pas de Deux" (8.23), "Shifting Sands" (9.02), and "Back In The Saddle" (9.06). [26]
See also
The Avengers by Dave Rogers (ITV Books in association with Michael Joseph Ltd., 1983)
The Avengers Anew by Dave Rogers (Michael Joseph Ltd., 1985)
The Complete Avengers by Dave Rogers (Boxtree Ltd., in Great Britain, 1989; St. Martin's Press, in America, 1989)
The Ultimate Avengers by Dave Rogers (Boxtree Ltd., in Great Britain, 1995)
The Avengers and Me by Patrick Macnee and Dave Rogers (New York: TV Books, 1997).
The Avengers Companion by Alain Carrazé and Jean-Luc Putheaud, with Alex J. Gearns (Bay Books, 1998)
The Avengers Dossier: The Definitive Unauthorised Guide by Paul Cornell, Martin Day and Keith Topping (London: Virgin Books, 1998).
References
| i don't know |
Which religious t.v. programme, first broadcast in 1969, was created and presented by Jess Yates? | Stars on Sunday (TV Series 1969–1979) - IMDb
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Title: Stars on Sunday (1969–1979)
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(Ambrosia) – See all my reviews
In the early 1990's, I.T.V. abolished the 'God slot', meaning that religious programmes could no longer be broadcast in the early part of Sunday evening, instead viewers would have to make do with family movies and game shows of the 'Family Fortunes' variety. It was quite a jump from Sir Cliff Richard singing 'Abide With Me' to 'Honey I Shrunk The Kids'.
'Stars On Sunday', made by Yorkshire Television, was a religiously themed variety show, a sort of 'Sunday Night At The London Palladium' with hymn books. Internationally famous stars of the calibre of Kenneth McKellar, Moira Anderson, Eartha Kitt, James Mason, Harry Secombe and Christopher Lee ( yes, you read that correctly! Old Count Dracula himself used to read extracts from The Bible on this show ) appeared. Normally such talent did not come cheap, but producer and presenter Jess Yates had a knack for persuading stars to work for next to nothing. Perhaps they thought it a worthy cause, like the bands who went on Live Aid in 1985. Perhaps they thought that by going on the show it would greatly increase their chances of reaching Heaven. We shall never know.
Millions tuned in each week to see Sir Harry and co. performing spiritually uplifting songs against a background of cardboard cut-out sheep and tinsel. It was the complete opposite of his later show 'Highway' ( how I miss that! ) which took him around the country.
Not all the 'turns' were stars. There was The Poole Family, Britain's answer to The Osmonds, who grinned their way through the hymn back catalogue. I forget how many there were ( it seemed like a new member joined each week ). The youngest member was chirpy Glyn, whom a T.V. Times reader likened to actor Kenneth Haigh, star of I.T.V.'s sleazy drama 'Man At The Top'. I never found out whether that was intended as a complement or not.
Linking the acts was, of course, Jess Yates, seated before an organ ( a musical one, so don't worry ) which he would then play a la Terry Jones in 'Monty Python's Flying Circus' ( only fully clothed ). Yates was known as 'The Bishop' on account of his oh-so solemn delivery. Watching him you would think you had tuned into a funeral service by mistake. Viewers used to send in requests for hymns. One night, he introduced 'When The Saints Go Marching In' and made it sound as though Judgement Day had arrived. Stanley Baxter did a splendid spoof on his 'Picture Show' called 'Scars On Sunday' in which he caught to a tee Yates' sepulchral manner.
'Stars On Sunday' used to go out ahead of sitcoms such as 'On The Buses' and 'Doctor In Charge' which meant that one minute you were watching David Frost reciting the parable of The Good Samaritan, the next Reg Varney and Bob Grant were insulting Stephen Lewis.
Alas, it came to pass that Yates had been having it off with a woman half his age, and Yorkshire T.V. did thus cast him out into the wilderness forevermore, much to the amusement no doubt of his long-term rival Hughie Green.
The show carried on without The Bishop for a good few years, finally ending in 1979. Other shows moved into the 'God slot', thankfully none quite as stuffy or pretentious. This show did more to promote atheism in Britain than any other, before or since.
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Calogero (born Calogero Maurici on July 30, 1971 in �chirolles, near Grenoble) is a French singer. Height: 1m75 By the age of six Calogero had already taken an interest in music. He quickly learned to play several instruments, including the flute, piano and bass, and in 1986 became the lead singer and song-writer for a band called Les Charts, that he started together with his brother, Gioacchino, and a childhood friend, Francis Maggiulli. Between 1989 and 1997, Les Charts released 5 albums : L'oc�an sans fond (1989), Notre monde � nous (1991), Hannibal, (1994), Acte 1 (1995), and Changer (1997). As the band began to lose its momentum, Calogero decided to launch himself as a solo artist and gathered important connections by writing songs and collaborating with already popular artis...
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Biography of Don Johnson
Donald Wayne "Don" Johnson (born December 15, 1949) is an American actor well known for his fame in film and television. Johnson played the lead role of Sonny Crockett in the popular 1980s TV cop series, Miami Vice. He also played the lead role in the 1990s cop series, Nash Bridges. Early life Johnson was born in Flat Creek, Missouri. His father was a farmer, his mother a beautician. At the age of 6, he moved from Missouri to Wichita, Kansas. He graduated from South High School in Wichita, Kansas in 1967 and attended the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. He is of English origin. In the late 1960s, he was one of the male contestants on the popular television show The Dating Game. In the late 1960's, Johnson was in a psychedelic rock band called the Horses. Also in the band...
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Biography of Paula Yates
Paula Yates (24 April 1959 (birth time source: Astrodatabank, Sy Scholfield) - 17 September 2000) was a British television presenter, best known for her work on cult TV music show, The Tube. Early life Born in Colwyn Bay, North Wales, she was brought up in a show business family. Her mother was Elaine Smith, a former showgirl, actress and writer of erotic novels, who used the stage names Hellen Thornton and Heller Toren. Until late in her life, Yates believed her father to be Jess Yates, who was known as "the Bishop" and presented the ITV religious programme Stars On Sunday. Yates and Smith were married from 1958 to 1975, though Yates was 16 years older than his wife and their marriage was unconventional. Jess Yates was sacked from his job in 1974 because of scandalous newspaper storie...
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Biography of Elsa Benitez
Elsa Ben�tez (born on December 8, 1977) is a Mexican model. Ben�tez was born in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, and she got her modeling start after winning an international model search, held in Costa Rica in 1995. With Linda Evangelista as one of her childhood idols, Ben�tez decided to follow her dream of modeling. Modeling opportunities opened up for Ben�tez soon after, first in Mexico, where she started out her career, and then in the United States and Europe. She become a supermodel after being chosen by photographer Steven Meisel and being featured many times on the US and Italian Vogue for Meisel's layouts. In 1996, she appeared on the cover of Vogue Italy three times in April, August and September. After signing with Elite Model Management, she then appeared on the covers of many...
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Biography of Marie Besnard
Marie Besnard (August 15, 1896 - February 14, 1980) was an accused serial poisoner in the early 20th century. Born Marie Davaillaud in Loudun, France (1897), Marie married Auguste Antigny in 1920. The marriage lasted until his death in 1927 of pleurisy (Antigny was known to suffer from tuberculosis). In 1928, Marie married Leon Besnard. When two wealthy aunts of Leon's died, and left the bulk of their estates to Leon's parents, the couple invited the parents to move in with them. Soon thereafter, Leon's father died, apparently from eating poisoned mushrooms. Leon's mother followed three months later, apparently a victim of pneumonia. The parents' estate was left to Leon and his sister, Lucie, who was supposed to have committed suicide, a few months later. Around this time, Maries father...
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Biography of Prince Andrew, Duke of York
The Prince Andrew, Duke of York (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960 (birth time source: Gwen Stoney, Astrodatabank, copy of newspaper on the day with a photo of palace announcement)) is a member of the British Royal Family, the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II. He has held the title of Duke of York since 1986. The Duke of York has been 4th in the line of succession since the birth of Prince Harry in 1984. The Duke of York married and subsequently divorced Sarah Ferguson. He also served in the Royal Navy, seeing action in the Falklands War aboard HMS Invincible. He currently serves as the United Kingdom's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment. Early life Andrew was born on 19 February 1960 in the Belgian Suite of Buckingham P...
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Biography of Jena Malone
Jena Malone (born November 21, 1984) is an American actress. She is widely known for starring in a large number of independent films. She made her film debut with a critically acclaimed performance in Bastard Out of Carolina (1996). Malone is perhaps best known for her roles in Donnie Darko (2001), Saved! (2004), and Stepmom (1997). Early life Malone was born in Lake Tahoe, Nevada, and lived in 27 different locations by the age of nine. Malone was raised by her mother and her mother's girlfriend, whom Jena calls "Godmom". Malone discussed this on a March 2004 appearance on Loveline. She began taking an interest in acting after watching her mother, who was involved in community theatre. She briefly moved to Las Vegas, hated it, and persuaded her mother to move on to Los Angeles. ...
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Biography of Evelyne Thomas
�velyne Thomas (born January 10, 1964 in P�rigueux (birth time source: civil registrar)) is the hostess of the French talk show C'est mon choix (It's my choice). In 2003 she was controversially chosen as the new Marianne. The town mayors who elect her went for a populist choice, which was at odds with the views of the Parisian intelligentsia. This was compounded by her stating that, while she was in favour of liberty and fraternity, she opposed equality, which implied making everyone the same. See Libert�, �galit�, fraternit�....
20,983 clicks, 1,061st woman, 2,542nd celebrity
Biography of Basia (singer)
Barbara Trzetrzelewska, known professionally as Basia, born September 30, 1954 in Jaworzno in Poland, is a Polish singer, songwriter and producer. She established a successful international recording career featuring characteristically Latin-flavoured jazz-pop crossover songs during the late 1980s and early 1990s, particularly in the United States, Japan, England and France. She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range, approximately three octaves that span from contralto to soprano tessituras, as well as her singular jazz-influenced stylings and multi-layered harmonies. Basia was born in Jaworzno, Poland, in 1954. In 1969, she debuted with her local amateur rock band Astry, and performed with them on Polish Festival Of Beat Avangarde in Kalisz. From 1972 to 1974, she was a member of ...
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Biography of Giovanna Antonelli
Giovanna Antonelli, born March 18, 1976 in Rio de Janeiro, is a Brazilian actress. Height: 5' 6�" (1.68 m) Filmography Television Miniss�ries 2007 - Amaz�nia, de Galvez a Chico Mendes ... Delzuite Gon�alves 2003 - A Casa das Sete Mulheres ... Anita Garibaldi Programas 2006 - Minha Nada Mole Vida (epis�dio: Procura-se uma namorada) ... 1999 - Voc� Decide Movies 2007 - Por Acaso 2007 - Caixa 2 .... �ngela 2004 - A Cartomante .... Karen Albuquerque 2003 - Maria, M�e do Filho de Deus .... Maria 2002 - Avassaladoras .... Laura (tamb�m produtora associada) 2000 - Bossa Nova .... Sharon Theater 2003 A Paix�o de Cristo ... Maria 2004 Dois na Gangorra ... Gittel...
20,908 clicks, 1,070th woman, 2,558th celebrity
Biography of Molly Ringwald
Molly Kathleen Ringwald (born February 18, 1968) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She became popular with teenage audiences in the 1980s, as a result of her starring roles in the John Hughes movies Sixteen Candles, The Breakfast Club and Pretty in Pink. Early life Ringwald was born outside Sacramento, California in Roseville, California, the daughter of blind jazz pianist Robert Scott "Bob" Ringwald, and Adele Edith (Frembd), a housewife and chef. Ringwald has two siblings, Elizabeth and Kelly. She started her acting career at age five, starring in a stage production of Alice in Wonderland as the dormouse. By the time she was six years old, she had recorded I Wanna Be Loved by You, a music album of Dixieland jazz with her father and his group, the Fulton Street Jazz Band; th...
20,870 clicks, 1,495th man, 2,568th celebrity
Biography of Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 � May 8, 1794) the "father of modern chemistry," was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics. He stated the first version of the law of conservation of mass, co-discovered, recognized and named oxygen (1778), as well as hydrogen, disproved the phlogiston theory, introduced the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He was also an investor and administrator of the "Ferme G�n�rale," a private tax collection company; chairman of the board of the Discount Bank (later the Banque de France); and a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic administrative councils. Because of his prominence in the pre-revolutionary government in Fr...
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Biography of Marguerite Yourcenar
Marguerite Yourcenar was the pseudonym of French novelist Marguerite Cleenewerck de Crayencour (June 8, 1903 (birth time source : Didier Geslain) - December 17, 1987). She was the daughter of Michel de Crayencour and Ferdinande (Fernande) de Cartier de Marchienne. Marguerite Yourcenar was the first woman to be elected to the Acad�mie Fran�aise, in 1980. Yourcenar was born in Brussels, Belgium, and educated privately to a prodigious standard at her father's estate in northern France. Her Belgian mother, died ten days after Marguerite was born, due to puerperal fever and peritonitis. Jeanne von Vietinghoff, an author n�e Bricou, the daughter of a Belgian architect and a schoolfriend of her mother, became for Marguerite a kind of idol, the mother dreamed of. Yourcenar read Racine and Arist...
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Biography of M.I.A. (artist)
Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam (Tamil: மாதங்கி 'மாயா' அருள்பிரகாசம்; born 18 July 1975), better known by her stage name M.I.A., is a British songwriter, record producer, singer, rapper, fashion designer, visual artist, political activist, and artist of Tamil Sri Lankan origin. An accomplished visual artist by 2002, M.I.A. came to prominence in early 2004 through file-sharing of her singles "Galang" and "Sunshowers" on the Internet. She released her Mercury Prize-nominated debut album Arular in 2005. Her second album, Kala, was released in 2007 and obtained Gold status in the United States according to the RIAA. "Paper Planes," a track from this a...
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Biography of Richard Gasquet
Richard Gasquet (pronounced )(born 18 June, 1986 in B�ziers (birth time source: Didier Geslain)) is a French tennis player. He reached a career high of World Number 7 in July, 2007 after making it to the semi-finals of Wimbledon 2007, defeating American Andy Roddick. Later that year, Gasquet qualified for the 2007 Tennis Masters Cup. He is currently the World No. 23. It was reported on 9 May 2009 that he failed a drugs test at the Miami Masters in March, with 1.46 mg of cocaine discovered in his A-sample. He is reportedly facing a ban for up to two years if his B-sample also tests positive. Career Early years Gasquet was born in B�ziers in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. He is the only child in the family. He began playing tennis at the age of 4 under the guidance of his father, F...
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Biography of Georges Pompidou
Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 1911 (birth time source: Didier Geslain) � 2 April 1974) was President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974. He was born in the commune of Montboudif, in the department of Cantal in central France. After his kh�gne at Lyc�e Louis-le-Grand, where he befriended Senegalese poet and statesman L�opold Sedar Senghor, he graduated from the �cole Normale Sup�rieure with a degree of Agr�gation in literature. He first taught literature at a lyc�e until hired in 1953 by Guy de Rothschild to work at de Rothschild Fr�res. In 1956, he was appointed the bank's general manager, a position he held until 1962. Later, he was hired by Charles de Gaulle to manage the Anne de Gaulle Foundation for Down's Syndrome (de Gaulle's daughter Anne had Down's Syndrome)....
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Biography of Olivia Palermo
Olivia Palermo (born February 28, 1986) is currently a cast member on the MTV reality television series The City. The daughter of a Connecticut real estate developer named Douglas Palermo, Palermo came to New York to attend the New School. She has been noted as a former socialite and has graced the cover of New York Magazine as the It-Girl in 2007. Palermo was born in New York and was raised between New York City and Connecticut. Growing up as an athlete, Palermo participated in sports such as ice hockey, skiing, lacrosse and tennis. She studied abroad in Paris before returning to New York to complete her undergraduate degree in Communications Studies at The New School. She is currently dating German model, Johannes Huebl. Career Palermo made her debut on the New York social sce...
20,547 clicks, 1,533rd man, 2,630th celebrity
Biography of Jean-Marc Morandini
Jean-Marc Morandini (Marseille, 5 August 1965 (birth time source: Didier Geslain) � ) is a French journalist. In 1985, aged 20, Morandini became the youngest TV speaker of France. He worked for channel La Cinq, before creating and animating the programme Tout est possible on TF1 for 4 years. The programme was sharply criticised for it lack of intelligence, particularly by Lib�ration and Les Guignols de l'Info, and was eventually discontinued. Morandini then turned to radio, working for RMC Info and, since 2003, for Europe 1. On the 12 April 2007, Morandini started a small scandal from his blog, where he stated his intentions to publish estimations of results of the presidential election as soon as 18h ; according the French applicable laws (loi �lectorale du 19 f�vrier 2002), the ...
20,460 clicks, 1,108th woman, 2,655th celebrity
Biography of Catherine Nay
Catherine Nay, born January 1, 1943 in Tours (not in P�rigueux. Birth time source: Didier Excoffon, acte n�9, Mairie de Tours), is a French journalist, author, and TV host. Works La Double M�prise, Paris, Grasset, 1980, 294 p. (ISBN 978-2-246-25241-2, notice BnF no FRBNF346815127) Le Noir et le Rouge, ou l'Histoire d'une ambition, Paris, Grasset, 1er d�cembre 1984 (ISBN 978-2-246-28191-7) Les Sept Mitterrand, ou les M�tamorphoses d'un septennat, Paris, Grasset, 1987, 286 p. (ISBN 978-2-246-36291-3, notice BnF no FRBNF34924789c) Le Dauphin et le R�gent, Paris, Grasset, 1er octobre 1994 (ISBN 978-2-246-47171-4, notice BnF no FRBNF35720752v) Un pouvoir nomm� d�sir, Paris, Grasset, 17 janvier 2007, 475 p. (ISBN 978-2-246-68001-7, notice BnF no FRBN...
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Biography of G�rard Darmon
G�rard Darmon (born 29 February 1948 in Paris (birth time source: Marc Brun, FDAF)) is a French actor and singer. He is the second husband of Mathilda May. He has three children: Virginie (born 1968) and the last two by Mathilda May, daughter Sarah (born 17 August 1994) and son Jules (born 4 March 1997). Darmon also did a cover of Mambo Italiano. Darmon is of Algerian Jewish origin. In July 2012, he was naturalized Moroccan by a decree from King Mohamed VI. Filmography 1972 : The Bar at the Crossing 1973 : Les Aventures de Rabbi Jacob (The Adventures of Rabbi Jacob), directed by G�rard Oury 1979 : Courage - Let's Run, directed by Yves Robert 1981 : Diva, directed by Jean-Jacques Beineix 1982 : Le Grand Pardon (fr), directed by Alexandre Arcady 1982 : L...
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Biography of Sam Worthington
Samuel Henry J. "Sam" Worthington (born 2 August 1976) is an English/Australian actor. After almost a decade of roles in Australian TV shows and films, Worthington gained Hollywood's attention by playing the role of Marcus Wright in Terminator Salvation (2009), the lead role as Jake Sully in the James Cameron-directed film Avatar (2009), Perseus in the movie Clash of the Titans (2010) and Captain Alex Mason in the 2010 video game Call of Duty: Black Ops. In 2004, Worthington received Australia's highest film award for his lead performance in Somersault. He performed predominantly in leading roles in a variety of low-budget films before transitioning to major studio films, ranging from romantic drama and comedy-drama to science fiction and action. He was selected as one of the entrant...
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Biography of Stacy Valentine
Stacy Valentine (born Stacy Baker on August 9, 1970 in Tulsa, Oklahoma) is an American porn star, now retired from the pornographic business. She is sometimes credited as Stacy Valentine, Stacey Valentin, Stacey Valentine or Staci Valentine. Married at a young age, Valentine was pressured by her husband to get breast implants and pose for an amateur photo contest run by Hustler magazine. Her confidence increased when she won the contest, eventually ending the marriage and moving to California to pursue stardom. Valentine took her stage name from the fact that she appeared in her first adult film on February 14, 1996. It has been said that her last film, by coincidence, was made exactly four years later, also on Valentine's Day. Currently Stacy lives in California working as a Dire...
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Biography of Wes Anderson
Wesley Mortimer Wales "Wes" Anderson (born May 1, 1969) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and producer of features, short films and commercials. He was nominated for a 2001 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Royal Tenenbaums. Anderson has been called an auteur, as he is involved in every aspect of his films' production. His films employ a similar aesthetic, employing a deliberate, methodical cinematography, with mostly primary colors. His soundtracks feature early folk and rock music, in particular classic British rock. Anderson's films combine dry humor with poignant portrayals of flawed characters � often a mix of the wealthy and the working class. He is also known for working with many of the same actors and crew on varying projects. He also works at I...
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What was the first Christian name of Harold Wilson? | History of Harold Wilson - GOV.UK
GOV.UK
Harold Wilson Labour 1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970
Born
11 March 1916, Huddersfield, Yorkshire
Died
1974 to 1976, 1964 to 1970
Political party
Labour
Major acts
Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965: suspended the death penalty in England, Wales and Scotland.
Sexual Offences Act 1967: decriminalisation of certain homosexual offences.
Interesting facts
In 1969 he was struck in the eye by a stink bomb thrown by a schoolboy. Wilson’s response was "with an arm like that he ought to be in the English cricket XI″
As Prime Minister Harold Wilson enacted social reforms in education, health, housing, gender equality, price controls, pensions, provisions for disabled people and child poverty.
Harold Wilson, the son of a chemist and teacher, was born in Yorkshire during the First World War. In 1924, aged 8, he visited 10 Downing Street, which would eventually become his home.
He studied Modern History for a year before transferring to Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Oxford University, graduating with a first class BA.
The Labour politician entered Parliament in 1945 as MP for Ormskirk and later becoming MP for Huyton. In 1947, then Prime Minister Clement Attlee made Wilson President of the Board of Trade. Aged 31, he had become the youngest member of the Cabinet in the 20th century.
Under Hugh Gaitskell’s leadership of the Labour party, Wilson served as Shadow Chancellor from 1955 to 1961, then as Shadow Foreign Secretary from 1961 to 1963. After Gaitskell passed away suddenly, Wilson fought and won a leadership contest against George Brown and James Callaghan. As Labour leader, he won 4 of the 5 General Elections he contested, although this includes a minority government.
His first election victory on 15 October 1964 saw him win with a small majority of 4, which increased significantly to 98 after a second General Election on 31 March 1966. As Prime Minister from 1964 to 1970, his main plan was to modernise. He believed that he would be aided by the “white heat of the technological revolution”. His government supported backbench MPs in liberalising laws on censorship, divorce, abortion, and homosexuality, and he abolished capital punishment. Crucial steps were taken towards stopping discrimination against women and ethnic minorities, and Wilson’s government also created the Open University.
In comparison, his outlook on foreign affairs was less modernising. He wanted to maintain Britain’s world role by keeping the Commonwealth united and nurturing the Anglo-American alliance. For example, his approach to the Vietnam War saw him skilfully balance modernist ambitions with Anglo-American interests when, despite repeated American requests, he kept British troops out while still maintaining good relations. Wilson biographer Philip Ziegler characterises his role as “honest broker”.
However, he had to fundamentally reshape Britain’s world role after inheriting an overstretched military and a £400 million balance of payments deficit, which caused successive sterling crises. To resolve these 2 interlinked problems, Wilson launched a Defence Review (1964 to 1965) and created the Department for Economic Affairs, which sought to implement an ambitious National Plan.
When sterling crises continued, Wilson was forced to devalue the pound in November 1967. Two months later, his government reluctantly announced Britain’s gradual withdrawal from the strategically important East of Suez. Despite his initial hesitation, Wilson recognised the value of membership of the European Economic Community ( EEC ), but his 1967 application was unsuccessful. Believing his popularity had increased, Wilson called a general election on 18 June 1970, but suffered defeat by the Conservative Party under Edward Heath .
Wilson held onto the Labour leadership. The next General Election on 28 February 1974 resulted in a hung parliament, and he formed a minority government. He called another election on 10 October 1974 at which he secured a small majority of 3.
His next 2 years as Prime Minister saw him concentrate heavily on domestic policy, achieving social reforms in education, health, housing, gender equality, price controls, pensions, provisions for disabled people and child poverty. As a result, income tax on top earners increased to 83%. Job creation remained an issue – by 1975, unemployment had reached 1 million.
He limited the damage caused by differing opinions within his party during renegotiation of the terms of Britain’s EEC membership. He also sought to resolve The Troubles between the nationalists and unionists in Northern Ireland but was ultimately unsuccessful.
On 16 March 1976, 5 days after his 60th birthday, he stunned the nation when he announced his intention to resign, a decision that he claimed he had made 2 years previously. James Callaghan , leader of the Labour Party, succeeded him to the role of Prime Minister.
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In which country are the headquarters of the electronics company NOKIA? | Harold James Wilson (1916 - 1995) - Genealogy
Harold James Wilson
Husband of <private> Wilson (Baldwin)
Father of <private> Wilson and <private> Wilson
Brother of <private> Wilson
Prime Minister of the Unite Kingdom
Managed by:
James Herbert Wilson, Ethel Wilson (born Seddon)
Sister:
Gladys Mary Wilson (born Baldwin)
Children:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilson
James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, FSS, PC (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British Labour Member of Parliament, Leader of the Labour Party. Twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s, winning four general elections, including a minority government after the February 1974 General Election resulted in a hung parliament. He is the most recent British Prime Minister to have served non-consecutive terms.
Harold Wilson first served as Prime Minister in the 1960s, during a period of low unemployment and relative economic prosperity (though also of significant problems with the UK's external balance of payments). His second term in office began in 1974, when a period of economic crisis was beginning to hit most Western countries. On both occasions, economic concerns were to prove a significant constraint on his governments' ambitions. Wilson's own approach to socialism placed emphasis on efforts to increase opportunity within society, for example through change and expansion within the education system, allied to the technocratic aim of taking better advantage of rapid scientific progress, rather than on the left's traditional goal of promoting wider public ownership of industry. While he did not challenge the Party constitution's stated dedication to nationalisation head-on, he took little action to pursue it. A member of the Labour Party's "soft left,"[1] Wilson joked about leading a cabinet that was made up mostly of social democrats, comparing himself to a Bolshevik revolutionary presiding over a Tsarist cabinet. in reality, however, there was actually little to divide him from the cabinet majority.[2]
Though generally not at the top of Wilson's personal areas of priority, his first period in office was notable for substantial legal changes in a number of social areas, including the liberalisation of censorship, divorce, homosexuality, immigration and abortion (see Social issues, below), as well as the abolition of capital punishment, due in part to the initiatives of backbench MPs who had the support of Roy Jenkins during his time as Home Secretary.
Overall, Wilson is seen to have managed a number of difficult political issues with considerable tactical skill, including such potentially divisive issues for his party as the role of public ownership, British membership of the European Community, and the Vietnam War, in which he resisted US pressure to involve Britain and send British troops. Nonetheless, his stated ambition of substantially improving Britain's long-term economic performance remained largely unfulfilled.
Other References
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At 21 square kilometers, which is the world's smallest island nation? | Smallest Island Nation | Dimensions Info
Smallest Island Nation
The smallest island nation is Nauru (official title is Republic of Nauru). The total area is 21 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi). The December 2 to 6 census puts the population at 9,275. The 2009 estimate is 14,019. The density is 476.2/km2. The island can be found at the South Pacific.
General Information
Nauru is the tiniest independent republic on the planet. It also holds the distinction of being the only republic that doesn’t have a capital. Based on archaeological findings, the island was first inhabited by Polynesians and Micronesians over 3,000 years ago. A dozen tribes were on the island. This can be seen by the 12 points on its flag.
Early History
The smallest island nation in the world had its first European visitor in 1798. It was a whaler named Captain John Fearn. Other Europeans would get wind of it. European criminals and deserters would often escape to the island.
The local inhabitants began trading food for firearms. This practice would lead to a tribal war. The Nauruan Tribal War lasted for ten years. It devastated the island and reduced the population by 1/3.
The 1800s and World War I
The war ended in 1888 when the nation fell under German rule. The war ended when the Germans forbade firearms and alcohol. The island nation became part of the German Marshall Islands Protectorate. Christian missionaries began arriving that year as well.
The Germans lost Nauru to the UK during World War I. The island nation would become part of the UK, Australia and New Zealand. These countries took control of the phosphate mining in Nauru.
World War II and Independence
The country fell to the Japanese in World War II. Over a thousand native inhabitants were sent to the Chuuk Islands for slave work. It was liberated by the Allies in 1945.
The UN designated administrative rights to the UK, New Zealand and Australia. Nauru was granted independence in 1966. Operation and ownership of the phosphate deposits were given to the country.
Population
Indigenous peoples make up most of the country’s population. 58% are native to the island while 26% are Pacific Islanders. Europeans and some Chinese constitute the remaining eight percent. The dominant religion is Christianity.
The smallest island nation also has numerous minority religions. The most prominent is Baha'i. The per capita income is $2,500 (2006 estimates). It still doesn’t have a capital, but Yaren is the seat of government. It is also the most populated area.
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Which 'Oscar' winning actress was, in 1986, the first African-American entrant in the 'Miss World' contest? | The 10 Smallest States in the World - Wonderslist
WondersList
by Ahsan Hayat
There are 193 states in the world – all recognized by the United Nations and members. Together comprise the ten smallest countries of this world so much that their surface area if put together is still smaller than Mexico City, which covers 1,499 square kilometers of urban area. Here, below are 10 of the world’s smallest states, some of these has no armed forces at all.
1. Vatican City State
Sacred football field.
The sovereign city center of Rome does not belong to the United Nations, however, is recognized as an independent state internationally. Between 800 and 900 people living on an area that covers 0.44 square kilometers. 572 of them have a Vatican citizenship. This will only be awarded in connection with certain functions in the state. All the others are something like immigrants. In order to supply the tiny area as environmentally friendly as possible with energy, there is a solar power plant the size of a football field for additional alternative energy.
The Vatican City covers approximately 50 streets, one’s own train station and a heliport. There is even a football team that plays for the Vatican.
2. Principality of Monaco
Tax haven.
Greek settlers founded in the 5th century, the foundation for today’s tax haven on the coast of France. Since February 25, 1489, the state is independent and attracts a lot of people. The principality is overall abounding on the 2.02-square-kilometer area with 17,889 inhabitants per square kilometer footprint. It’s amongst the most scenic places of Europe and way to Formula One Racing .
The fact that they are doing very well despite the social density, based on the control system of Monaco, exists no direct tax liability for individuals. Neither the income tax nor an inheritance tax is levied here. No wonder that this Manhattan is booming on the Mediterranean and still always attracts rich from around the world.
3. Republic of Nauru
Pleasant Island.
Deiboe, Eamwidamit, Eamwidara, Eamwit, Eamgum, Eano, EMEO, Eoraru, Irutsi, Iruwa, Iwi and Ranibok were the names of the twelve tribes, who lived one day at the coral island in the Pacific Ocean. It reminds of the twelve-pointed star on the national flag of Nauru. Here is 10 tribes that avoided globalized civilization .
Today, the 21-square-mile kingdom is divided into 14 districts, in which around 10,175 people live. By the year 2001, it was revealed in such a high standard of living that the island was partly explained as the real paradise. The economy was based at that time on the phosphate mining.
Since 2001, when the phosphate reserves were exhausted, the situation and the standard of living extremely changed. Since then, the nation’s finances are moving more to the brink of bankruptcy and the state budget is dependent on Australian grants.
4. Tuvalu
Ellice Islands.
Dismissed from the British Commonwealth in 1974. At that time the island was called Ellice Islands. In 1978 it was renamed Tuvalu and recorded as a sovereign state within the Commonwealth of Nations.
25 square kilometers accommodate approximately 10,500 inhabitants. The highest point of the island is five meters above sea level. Most of the inhabitants live on agriculture and fisheries.
5. Republic of San Marino
State veteran.
San Marino is not only one of the five smallest states in the world, but it is also the oldest republic. In the year 301 to Marinus, a Christian stonemason from Croatia, have fled to Mount Titano.
Today, about 32,500 people possess the citizenship of 60.57 square meter state in the middle of Italy. Around 12,800 of them are living abroad.
6. Principality of Liechtenstein
Hard-fought.
The 160.47 square meter territory got its political independence in 1806. Until then, it was incessantly occupied repeatedly by different forces; Germans and French namely.
The Principality is the only state that lies entirely in the Alps. The highest point is Mount Liechtenstein Front Grauspitz with a height of 2,599 meters, the deepest the Ruggeller Riet at 430 meters above sea level. Eleven communities exist in Liechtenstein. Approximately 36 942 people live there, around 12,000 of them are foreigners.
7. Republic of the Marshall Islands
Island Puzzle.
Two meter high towers, the highest point of the Republic of the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The land area of the islands comprises 181.3 square kilometers. They are divided into two almost parallel island or atoll chains, focusing on an area of almost two million square kilometers that extends in the ocean.
Existing since 1986 Republic became known for its 54,600 residents by the atomic bomb tests in the 50s. They took place just 160 kilometers from Bikini Atoll. One amongst the most romantic places worldwide .
8. Cook Islands
Special.
In international law, the Cook Islands are a special feature. Although the 240-square-kilometer territory in the South Pacific is considered as an independent country. However, it has the status “in free association with New Zealand “. Nearly 18,600 residents but have no own nationality, they are officially New Zealanders.
State is divided in eleven island councils. The largest island covers 65 square kilometers and is inhabited by almost 15,000 inhabitants. The smallest is the island Palmerston live on about 50 people on an area of 2.1 square kilometers. These Islands are considered one of the best honeymoon locations .
9. Niue
Lonely Paradise.
Similar to the Cook Islands, the 261.4 square kilometers in size Niue island is considered as an independent state. It also does not have its own citizenship and is associated with New Zealand.
With a population density of 5.2 people per square kilometer, it is one of the loneliest countries in the world .The approximately 1,300 inhabitants are spread across 13 villages and several small settlements.
Niue has an airport, but does not have a port. Goods arriving by sea are transshipped by barge. There are only 900 internet users on Niue and nearly 400,000 nu country domains.
10. Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
A double-edged destination.
The two islands of St. Kitts and Nevis were discovered in the Caribbean by Christopher Columbus in 1493, but got settled in the early 17th century. 269 square miles of territory was incorporated as an independent state to the British Empire. Today 50, 314 inhabitants live on the two islands.
It was revealed in 2008 that St. Kitts had one of the highest murder rates per capita . Nevertheless, the two islands are popular tourist destinations especially for tourists from the United States.
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In which area of the city is H.M. Prison Birmingham? | Birmingham prison visiting information
Birmingham prison visiting information
Mon: 09:00 - 11:30 & 13:30 - 15:45
Tue: 09:00 - 11:30, 13:30 - 15:45 & 18:00 - 19:00
Wed: 09:00 - 11:30, 13:30 - 15:45 & 18:00 - 19:00
Thu: 09:00 - 11:30, 13:30 - 15:45 & 18:00 - 19:00
Fri: 09:00 - 11:30 & 14:00 - 16:00
Sat: 09:30 - 11:30 & 13:30 - 16:00
Sun: 10:15 - 11:30 & 13:30 - 16:00
Booking information
Bookings can be made by direct line telephone on 0121 598 8170, available Mon - Fri between 09:00 - 12:00 & 13:15 - 17:00. Alternatively, email [email protected]
Official visits
Mon-Fri: 08:15 - 09:15, 09:15 - 10:00, 10:00 - 10:45, 10:45 - 11:30, 13:30 - 14:15, 14:15 - 15:00 & 15:00 - 15:45.
Booking information: Booking line - 0121 345 2565 - available from 09.00 - 12.00 and 13.30 -16.30 hours. email: [email protected]
Additional information
Additional time can be booked on request. Official identification will be required. Special requests, in writing, must be received to bring in tape recorders, lap-top computers, cameras, etc. 48-hours notice of any cancellation would be appreciated. Letter of authority required for all Police visits. Alternate Monday mornings additional legal/special visits take place in the main visits room (as well as the cubicles).
General information
Escort Area/Contractor: South Wales and West / Reliance Local Authority: County: West Midlands, District: Birmingham Constabulary: West Midlands Probation Service: West Midlands
How to get there
Birmingham Prison is located within 2 miles of the city centre.
Train: take a train to Birmingham New Street Station NOT Birmingham International. The prison is approximately five miles from Birmingham New Street Station. From there the journey can be completed either by taxi or by bus.
The prison can also be reached by the metro that runs between Wolverhampton and Snow Hill, Birmingham. Alight at Winson Green, and it’s a five-minute walk.
Car:
From the north and north west: M6 to Junction 8. Join the M5 southbound. Leave M5 at Junction 1. Turn left onto the A41 towards Birmingham. At the seventh set of traffic lights turn right onto the A4040 (Boulton Road). The prison is approximately one mile away on the left-hand side of the road.
From the north east: To the A38 and continue down the ‘Aston Expressway’ – A38 (M). Turn off second left, up the slip road to Dartmouth Circus (a large roundabout). Turn right taking the third exit (signposted A41 West Bromwich). Continue through 2 sets of road traffic lights along New John Street West. At the roundabout take the third exit down to Hockley Circus. At the flyover turn right onto the A41 towards West Bromwich. Continue through several sets of traffic lights and turn left onto the A4040 (Boulton Road). The prison is approximately one mile away on the left-hand side of the road.
From the south east: to Junction 8. Onto M6 southbound to Junction 1. Turn left onto the A41 towards Birmingham. At the seventh set of road traffic lights turn right onto the A4040 (Boulton Road). The prison is approximately one mile away on the left-hand side of the road.
From the south west: M5 to Junction 1. Turn right onto the A41 towards Birmingham. At the seventh set of road traffic lights turn right onto the A4040 (Boulton Road). The prison is approximately one mile away on the left-hand side of the road.
Parking: There is a car park for visitors with provision for disabled drivers
Updated: Thursday, 2 August 2012
Contact
| Winson Green |
What is the title of the extended version of 'QI'? | HMP Birmingham - About Birmingham Prison
HMP Birmingham
Resettlement
About Birmingham
G4S are delighted to have been awarded the contract to manage HMP Birmingham. It will be the first publicly run prison to be transferred to a private provider.
HMP Birmingham is a Victorian local prison built in 1849, located in Winson Green near the center of Birmingham. It is a category B Prison holding 1450 adult remand and sentenced male prisoners.
HMP Birmingham Copyright 2014. All Rights Reserved | Legalities | Site Map
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Which Durham new town is named after a miner's leader? | Peterlee
Peterlee
The Tyne Valley
Peterlee
Peterlee is a small new town, which was founded in 1948. The town originally mostly housed coal miners and their families, and was named after the celebrated Durham miners' leader Peter Lee. Today the new town boasts a strong sense of community and is noted for its large open green spaces and in recent year many of the town's public buildings have been replaced to accommodate the £24 million redevelopment of the town centre.
Being situated close to the North East coast, Peterlee is within easy access of nearby beaches and Castle Eden Dene National Nature Reserve, which is the largest area of natural woodland in the North East, both excellent for keen dog walkers and those who enjoy an outdoor lifestyle.
Peterlee has its own bus station and is served by Arriva North East and Go North East, who provide services to the local area and nearby towns and cities, including: Newcastle, Gateshead, Sunderland, Durham, South Shields, Houghton-le-Spring, Stockton and Middlesbrough. There is also a bus to the Metro Centre which is the largest shopping and leisure centre in the European Union.
Castle Dene Shopping Centre in Peterlee is the main retail area in the town and to surrounding villages. It provides a variety of well-known shops and restaurant. A popular market is held in the shopping centre each bank holiday. Peterlee also benefits from having a state of the art Leisure Centre, Bingo Hall, Hotel, local Golf Course, an annual show and Shotton Hall Banqueting Suite, which is very popular for weddings.
As Peterlee's centrepiece, architectural designer Victor Passmore created the abstract Apollo Pavillion which was completed in 1970 and is named after the Apollo moon missions. In 2011 English Heritage gave the pavillion a Grade II listing.
Peterlee offers a wide range of education, having seven primary schools, three secondary schools, two sixth forms and a recently redeveloped college. The college provides education for all ages has its own gym and is home to the training ground of Hartlepool Football club.
Our Peterlee branch looks after a wide area of properties from south Co. Durham to north Teeside including Hartlepool, Blackhall, Horden, Elswick, Shotton Colliery and Easington to name just a small selection.
| Peterlee |
Which type of bridge takes its name from the French for see-saw? | Peterlee wikipedia - wiki Peterlee map - wiki articles about Peterlee on the map | Gulliway
England
County Durham
Peterlee is a small town built under the New Towns Act of 1946, in County Durham, England. Founded in 1948, Peterlee town originally mostly housed coal miners and their families.
Peterlee has economic and community ties with Sunderland, Hartlepool and Durham.
History
The case for Peterlee was put forth in Farewell Squalor by Easington Rural District Council Surveyor C.W. Clarke, who also proposed that the town was named after the celebrated Durham miners' leader Peter Lee. Peterlee is unique among the new towns which came into being after the Second World War in that it was the only one requested by the people through their MP. A deputation, mostly if not all working miners, met with the Minister of Town and Country Planning after the Second World War to put the case for a new town in the district. The minister Lewis Silkin responded by offering a half size new town of 30,000 residents. Subsequently, they came largely from the surrounding villages in the District of Easington.
The Peterlee Development Corporation was established in 1948, first under the direction of A V Williams, then under Dr. Monica Felton. The original master-plan for towering blocks of flats by Berthold Lubetkin was rejected as unsuitable for the geology of the area which had been weakened by mining works and he resigned in 1950. George Grenfell Baines replaced Lubetkin and began to build quickly, resulting in buildings of poor quality construction. Williams invited an artist Victor Pasmore to be head of the design team for the landscaping.
Governance
Apollo Pavilion
Main article: Apollo Pavilion
The Apollo Pavilion,designed by Victor Pasmore, was completed in 1970. It provided a focal point for the Sunny Blunts estate as well as a bridge across a water-course. It was named after the Apollo moon missions.
From the late seventies the Pavilion became a target for vandals and anti-social behaviour. Original murals on the building faded and to discourage anti-social behaviour staircases were removed in the 1980s. In 1996, there was a failed attempt to list the Pavilion. English Heritage described it as "an internationally important masterpiece". However, some local residents and councillors saw Pavilion as an eyesore and campaigned to have it demolished. The campaign appeared to have been successful when demolition was proposed in 2000. However, in July 2009, a 6-month revamp programme was completed at a cost of £400,000. As part of the revamp original features such as the murals and stairs reinstated.
In December 2011 English Heritage gave the pavilion a Grade-II* listing.
Transport
Road
Peterlee is served by two main roads, The A19 runs to the west of the town leading to Sunderland in the north and Teesside in the south, the A1086 runs to the east of the town leading to Easington in the north and Hartlepool to the south. The B1320 runs through the town centre linking the town to Horden and the A1086 in the east and Shotton Colliery and the A19 in the west. The B1432 runs to the north from the town centre leading to Easington Village, Hawthorn and Seaham on the route of the old A19. The A181 runs to the south west of the town at the Castle Eden and Wingate junction on the A19 leading to Wheatley Hill, Thornley, and Durham. In 2008 the A688 road was extended to the A181 at Running Waters from the A1(M) junction at Bowburn, this created a new trunk road from Peterlee to the A1(M) via the A19, A181 and A688.
Bus
Peterlee is served by Arriva North East and Go North East who provide services in the local area and to the following towns and cities: Newcastle , Gateshead , South Shields , Sunderland, Houghton-le-Spring , Durham, Hartlepool , Sedgefield, Newton Aycliffe , Billingham , Stockton , Thornaby, Middlesbrough , Darlington ; there is also a bus to the MetroCentre. Other bus operators include Scarlett Band who run services to Spennymoor and Bishop Auckland .
Rail
Peterlee was served by Horden Railway Station on the Durham Coast Line until it closed in 1965.
Education
Further information: List of schools in Durham
Primary
Our Lady of the Rosary Roman Catholic Primary School
Shotton Hall Primary School
The Academy at Shotton Hall
St. Bede's Catholic Comprehensive School
6th Form facilities
Byron Sixth Form College (On the site of St. Bede's Catholic Comprehensive School)
East Durham Sixth Form (Opened at East Durham College in 2012)
College
East Durham College – The building at the town centre is now closed as the college is now on one site at Howletch. Peterlee Library remains at its current location.
Adult education
Adult Learning is provided by East Durham College, Durham County Council and other organisations.
Culture
Peterlee holds a two-day event called the Peterlee Show, which is held at the end of the summer holidays (usually the first weekend of September) on Helford Road Cricket Ground, which is not far from Victor Pasmore's Apollo Pavilion. A fireworks display is held at the same venue every November.
Peterlee is situated next to Castle Eden Dene, a national nature reserve.
Town twinning
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Which Culture Secretary resigned earlier this year over an ongoing dispute about her expenses? | Michael Fabricant sacked after tweeting relief at Maria Miller resignation | Daily Mail Online
'Well, about time' Tory vice-chairman Michael Fabricant sacked after tweeting his relief at resignation of Maria Miller over expenses row
Former whip Michael Fabricant was outspoken in his criticism of rail link
Lichfield MP is set to lead a Tory revolt against the £50 billion scheme
Asked to resign but refused, so was ousted by chairman Grant Shapps
Prolific Tweeter updated followers with a message following sacking
Added on his page: 'Note to self: If ever a minister again... resign quickly'
| Maria Miller |
Which horse won the 2014 Cheltenham Gold Cup? | Iain Dale's Top 100 most influential figures from the Right 2012 - Telegraph
Conservative
Iain Dale's Top 100 most influential figures from the Right 2012
As delegates gather in Birmingham for the Conservative Party's annual conference, Iain Dale produces a list of the top 100 powerful figures within the Right.
Prime Minister David Cameron Photo: AFP
11:21AM BST 07 Oct 2012
1. (-) DAVID CAMERON
Prime Minister & Leader of the Conservative Party
There's no denying it, Cameron has had a bad year. His government seems to lack direction and strategy and it is clear he is missing the talents of Andy Coulson and Steve Hilton. He now needs to get a grip on the Number Ten machine and avoid the appearance of drift. For the first time, there are muttering about his position a leader. He must be careful to ensure these mutterings do not develop into something worse.
2. (+2) BORIS JOHNSON
Iain Dale's Top 100: how the list was compiled
07 Oct 2012
The Boris phenomenon roars on. When re-elected earlier this year as London Mayor he joked he had won "in spite" of David Cameron's backing. But since then things have got bloody between the pair. Buoyed by the success of the Olympics Boris has opened fire on the government. He recently made a speech proclaiming that the Coalition was heading for "economic catastrophe" and said they were paying "lamentable attention" to the issue of airport capacity. A sure fire contender for next Conservative leader, he has the small matter of making sure he is Parliament if the situation arises.
3. (+4) MICHAEL GOVE
Secretary of State for Education
Gove is now a real contender for the Conservative leadership, but as a loyal member of Cameron's inner circle he denies all claims that he has ambition to be leader one day. He has successfully used his own personal narrative to win over critics. As many new free schools opened their doors just a few weeks ago we have yet to see the real effects of this policy, but by all measurements it looks good. Possibly the most successful government department. Even Labour have resigned themselves to the fact that free schools are here today, a major victory for Gove.
4. (-2) GEORGE OSBORNE
Chancellor of the Exchequer
An awful year by all accounts for the Chancellor. Osborne's Budget was meet by derision from all quarters of society. From the pasty tax to the cut in the 50p tax rate, Osborne got more bad headlines from the budget than he was hoping for. Although he claims to be sticking to his economic guns when it comes to Plan A, he has managed to find money for new infrastructure projects. He has many right wing critics who have pointed out that his main objective of lowering the budget deficit will not be achieved. His reputation as a political strategist has taken a heavy hit, hence his fall.
5. (+1) WILLIAM HAGUE
Foreign Secretary
His position as defacto Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party remains intact and he continues to be one of the Prime Minister's closest confidantes as well as remaining hugely popular with the voluntary party. Hague has remained resolute in his intentions to extradite Julian Assange who stills remains at the Ecuadorian Embassy. Hague faces two big challenges over the year ahead, renegotiating Britain's position within the EU and working with the US President post-election to sort out the crisis in Syria.
6. (+3) PHILIP HAMMOND
Secretary of State for Defence
Hammond performed well over at the Department for Transport introducing some surprisingly radical ideas, but was unexpectedly moved to Defence following the swift resignation of Liam Fox. In the Defence brief he has had to make some tough decisions from 20,000 redundancies in the Army to cutting 25% of the military top brass. He has always made them with a cool calmness. He questioned the suitability of private companies carrying out public services after the Army had to step in during the G4S face at the Olympics. He continues to impress and is even being talked about as a successor to Cameron.
7. (-2) EDWARD LLEWELLYN
Chief of Staff, Number 10 Downing Street
A close friend of Cameron since their days at Eton and Oxford, Llewellyn also worked with him in the Conservative Research Department in the early 1990s. He then worked as an adviser to Chris Patten in Hong Kong, before taking up a position with Paddy Ashdown in the Balkans. His role is the lynchpin of Cameron's private office. Had a tough time during the Coulson affair but has emerged unscathed. However, Tory MPs are starting to whisper against him, accusing him of keeping the Prime Minister too remote from them.
8. (+5) IAIN DUNCAN SMITH
Secretary of State for Work & Pensions
During the reshuffle Duncan Smith refused to be moved, but the fact he was even asked, rather than told, proved the respect that he has among the leadership. He has an ongoing battle with George Osborne over the cost welfare reform, but by all measurements appears to have won. He is now in the process of implementing those reforms, for a team that remained almost untouched during the reshuffle it may appear an easy job. It is not. Many of his key advisers are telling him that simplifying the benefit system and introducing a universal credit is "unworkable". But this is a battle IDS is determined to win.
9. (+6) THERESA MAY
Home Secretary
May has one of the hardest jobs in government, but unlike her predecessors has coped very well in the job. She's faced the Heathrow summer queues debacle, the G4S Olympics farce, was even booed at the National Police Federation, and yet has remained strong and resolute throughout. She is the best known female face (with the best known feet) on the Tory front bench, which insulates against those who don't 'get' her. May faces a bumpy road ahead with more pressure over internet snooping and the Gary McKinnon extradition case, but judging by her past performance she'll get through it.
10. (NEW) LORD COE
Chair of London 2012
The world is Seb Coe's oyster. This former Tory MP is publically adored for his role as Chairman of the London Organising Committee of the 2012 Olympic Games. His speech at the closing ceremony of the games invoked pride in the hearts of Britons up and down the country. It is said that he wants to succeed Jacques Rogge as the Chair of the International Organising Committee, but many would like to see him as the Tory candidate for London Mayor in 2016 despite protests he does not want to return to frontline politics. His autobiography is published next month entitled 'Running My Life'.
11. (-1) SAMANTHA CAMERON
Wife of the Prime Minister
There's little doubt that SamCam is used as a key sounding board by her husband and that her views are a great influence on him. She is slowly emerging from her shell and becoming a public figure on her own right.
12. (-3) LORD ASHCROFT
Former Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party
Michael Ashcroft's influence remains strong. His regular polling, although not conducted for the Conservative Party, are pored upon by strategists of all three parties. His growing political media empire, which includes Total Politics, Biteback Publishing, ConservativeHome and a large stake in Dod's mean that his political influence continues. Earlier this year we was appointed to the Privy Council and made Special Representative for Veterans Transition.
13. (+13) GRANT SHAPPS
Chairman of the Conservative Party
Young and wildly ambition, Grant Shapps is one of the most prolific media performers the party has. Unsurprisingly he was chosen as the successor to Sayeeda Warsi as Chairman of the Party. Fizzing with ideas, his enthusiasm is infectious. Sadly for him his first big challenge is the Corby by-election which the Tories will undoubtedly lose.
14. (-6) ERIC PICKLES
Secretary of State for Communities & Local Government
By common consent, Eric Pickles has been one of the star performers of the coalition so far. He has gripped his department like few other ministers and implemented a dizzy array of eye-catching reforms which have led to massive cuts and efficiencies in his own department's budget. He is not one of David Cameron's inner circle, yet he has been a consistently high performer. His fall in this year's rankings reflects the rather quiet year he has had.
15. (+49) JEREMY HUNT
Secretary of State for Health
Many were shocked when Jeremy Hunt was made Health Secretary in the reshuffle. Most suspected that he would either be demoted or even sacked after his poor performance in the DCMS brief, in which he garnered huge controversy over his relationship with News International and the Murdochs. It was the main point of attack coming from Labour and will undoubtedly plague the government for some time to come. It's sink or swim time for Mr Hunt.
16. (+18) CHRIS GRAYLING
Secretary of State for Justice
We said last year that it would "only be a matter of time" before Grayling would reach the Cabinet table. After a long wait it happened when Chris Grayling was made Justice Secretary in the reshuffle. He was warmly welcomed by the grassroots as a right wing addition to the Cabinet. Although he has only spent a few weeks in the job he has stated he wants to rebuild public confidence in the courts, which means only one thing - harsher sentencing.
17. (+31) NIGEL FARAGE MEP
Leader, United Kingdom Independence Party
A huge leap up the rankings this year for UKIP leader Nigel Farage. His media profile is bigger than ever and UKIP is now regularly polling as the third most popular party in the UK. He has been blunt about his ambitions for UKIP to top the polls in the 2014 European Elections. With wide public support for an EU referendum he is lobbying all three main parties to recognise this and call for one. His power of influence over the Conservative grassroots could prove a deadly weapon against Cameron at the next election. But despite high polling it has yet to be seen whether UKIP can win any seats in Parliament.
18. (-7) FRANCIS MAUDE
Minister for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General
Maude is one of the most outspoken critics of the Sir Humphrey attitude of Whitehall civil servants. In his role as Cabinet Office Minister he has promised to reform the civil service after he said it was "unacceptable" for mandarins to block government policy. He was widely criticised this year when he advised people to stock up on jerry cans of petrol causing a minor fuel crisis. It was also condemned as dangerous after a woman was severely burnt while decanting petrol.
19. (-2) OLIVER LETWIN
Minister for Government Policy, Cabinet Office
Although Letwin rarely appears on the nation's airwaves this should not be seen as a sign of diminishing influence. On the contrary. His broad policy remit and his role on strategy are pivotal for the Coalition. He made a minor gaffe last year when it was discovered he was dumping confidential government papers in a bin in his local park.
20. (-) MATTHEW HANCOCK
Joint Parliamentary Under Secretary at Education and Business
The highest ranked member of the 2010 intake on this list, his indomitable rise up the government ladder was always to be expected. Former Chief of Staff to George Osborne in Opposition, he was made joint minister at the Department for Education and the Department for Business. He will help to beef up support for free schools, while helping to defend against the worst excesses of Cable over at Business. His influence on the Chancellor should not be underestimated. Tipped to be the first of the 2010 intake to reach the Cabinet table.
21. (-7) ANDREW COOPER
Director of Political Strategy, Number 10 Downing Street
A Portillista under the Hague regime, Cooper left the employ of Conservative Central Office to found the polling company Populus. He has remained an important figure on the right and his recruitment to Number Ten last this year brought him back into the fold. Some more traditional Tories regret that fact that a pollster is directing strategy. Harsher critics find it difficult to even spot what the strategy is.
22. (-1) DANIEL FINKELSTEIN
Chairman, Policy Exchange
Finkelstein is one of the key non politicians with in Downing Street circles. It has been said that what he says one day becomes Osborne's policy the next. On taking the chairmanship of Policy Exchange he has made himself one of the biggest players in centre right politics. He is undoubtedly one of the best interpreters of Tory prevailing winds.
23. (-5) PATRICK McLOUGHLIN
Secretary of State for Transport
After seven years as Chief Whip, McLoughlin was promoted to the role of Secretary of State for Transport. He has immediately walked into the costly debacle over the West Coast main line, already being forced to apologise for the government's incompetent handling of the franchise deal. Over the next few years he will face other big policy issues like airport expansion and HS2. This Northern former coal miner is one of the few working class Tories in the government and could prove to be an inspired appointment if he lasts long enough in a job which traditionally is a stepping stone for greater things.
24. (-2) GRAHAM BRADY
Chairman of the 1922 Committee
Graham Brady and David Cameron are not, it is safe to say, bosom pals. Brady annoyed the leadership over his outspoken defence of grammar schools, after which he resigned his front bench position as shadow minister for Europe. This year he reignited the row by saying "I owe everything to my grammar school" and advocating reintroduction of academic selection. As Chairman of the 1922 he is a powerful voice for backbench interests.
25. (+15) ANDREW MITCHELL
Chief Whip
Andrew Mitchell managed to build a big profile for himself as International Development Secretary, and developed a good reputation among the NGOs. After a fairly successful job at convincing Tories that they should not cut the aid budget, Mitchell was promoted to his natural home of Chief Whip. Nicknamed "Thrasher" at school, he will have an iron grip over the Whips' Office and enforce discipline. In his first week of the job he got himself into a major scandal after calling a police officer a "pleb". He may have survived it but he has been severely wounded. Otherwise he would have made the Top 20 this year for the first time.
26. (-7) ROHAN SILVA
Senior Policy Advisor, Number 10 Downing Street
Silva previously worked alongside Rupert Harrison and Matthew Hancock to develop the party's economic policy in opposition, before coming economic advisor to George Osborne. He is now a Senior Policy Advisor to the PM, and is the brainchild behind Tech City in East London. It was Silva who came up with the idea of an iPad app which Cameron could run Whitehall from. Very political and forensic, his brain fizzes with new ideas.
27. (+8) GABRIELLE BERTIN
Personal Press Secretary to the Prime Minister
Gabby Bertin took over from George Eustice as David Cameron's press secretary and is well regarded by the political media. Fiercely protective of him, she is often seen at his side at events protecting him for intrusive interviewers. She is expecting a baby with City exec Michael Grist and will leave for maternity leave at the end of the year. Another blow for the Cameron team, depriving him of his most effective media operator.
28. (-4) CRAIG OLIVER
Director of Communications, 10 Downing Street
Newspaper journalist complain that he doesn't understand them and keeps his distance from them. He's been a very low profile appointment, but perhaps that's a good thing. He's a backroom boy who knows the meaning of the phrase. Yet the knives are out for Oliver after a series of media disasters. The Spectator believes he will be gone by the end of the year.
29. (-26) STEVE HILTON
Former Director of Strategy, Number 10 Downing Street
Following the loss of Andy Coulson last year, another blow was dealt to Number 10 when Steve Hilton departed for a year's sabbatical to a Californian university. This was apparently due to a growing frustration with the slow pace of government reform. He was attacked with vitriol by Conservative commentators like Bruce Anderson, because upon his exit Hilton briefed the press that there was a lack of radicalism in the government. Despite this Hilton is apparently back on the scene and helping Cameron with his conference speech. He will be back in Downing Street before we know it.
30. (-5) RUPERT HARRISON
Special Advisor to George Osborne
As Chief of Staff to George Osborne, Harrison is the most important of the four Treasury Spads. An old Etonian he is a smart, urbane and extremely clever, and has been described as one half of Osborne's brain. The creation of the Office of Budget Responsibility amongst other innovative things apparently stems from Harrison. In these tough times he is more important to the Chancellor than ever.
31. (+12) ANDREW TYRIE
Chairman of the Treasury Select Committee
A former full-time adviser to successive Chancellors, Nigel Lawson and John Major, Tyrie is a gifted economist with an impressive academic background. Nicknamed by senior Tory circles as Andrew Tiresome , he has proved to be a highly effective chairman of the Treasury Select Committee. Following the Libor banking scandal a Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards was launched, which Tyrie was appointed chairman of. Its findings will be influential on the policies of both the main parties.
32. (+9) CATHERINE FALL
Deputy Chief of Staff, Number Ten Downing Street
Catherine Fall is one of the few members of David Cameron's backroom staff who have managed to keep out of the limelight. But she is the glue which holds his office together. Fiercely efficient, and very protective, she is one of the few people implicitly trusted by the Prime Minister.
33. (-5) TIM MONTGOMERIE
Editor, ConservativeHome.com
Tim Montgomerie can pick up the phone to anyone in the party and they will take the call. In the view of many MPs, he is undoubtedly one of the most influential people outside the Cabinet. His website, a must-read for politicians and activists alike, has managed the transition well from opposition to government. The regular website polling also provides a real insight into the Conservative grassroots for Number 10 and journalists alike.
34. (-5) GREG CLARK
Financial Secretary to the Treasury
A former director of the Conservative Research Department, Greg Clark was always destined for great things. He had a great platform for radical ideas when he was tasked with the localism brief upon the formation of the Coalition, and was this year appointed to Financial Secretary to the Treasury. Although a promotion, he has gone from being a big cog in a small machine to a small cog in the big machine. This very calm operator has the next few months to show us what he is made of.
35. (-19) ANDREW FELDMAN
Co-Chairman, Conservative Party
A surprise to many, Feldman kept his job as Co-Chairman of the Party alongside new Chairman Grant Shapps upon Baroness Warsi's departure. He is one of David Cameron's close personal friends from his university days, and was treasurer of his leadership campaign. Grant Shapps is front of house, while Feldman is tasked with reshaping the party's finances and headquarters organization.
36. (-6) DAMIAN GREEN
Minister of State for Police and Criminal Justice
Damian Green's thoughtful and non aggressive approach to the immigration brief won him plaudits and earned him a good media profile. Cameron then rewarded him a promotion in the reshuffle moving him to Nick Herbert's old job of Police Minister. He will now oversee the election and implementation of elected police commissioners later this year. Despite being on the left of the party, Green remains a popular figure across the party. He is one of the most talented ministers outside the cabinet.
37. (-5) MARGARET THATCHER
Former Prime Minister
More than twenty years since her fall from grace, the mere mention of her name within Tory circles rouses a huge round of applause. Her shadow no longer casts itself over the entire party, but she is rightly still treated with huge respect and affection. Sadly because of her failing health her appearances at State occasions have ground to halt, yet a few anecdotes of her moments of brilliance have slipped through the net. One such occasion was when told about the LibDems plans to abolish the House of Lords she replied, "Ah, Liberals. We should abolish of few of them. No one shall abolish me."
38. (-5) STEPHEN GILBERT
Political Secretary, Number Ten Downing Street
A former Chief Executive of the Party, Gilbert became Michael Ashcroft's right hand man in planning and delivering the Tories' campaign in the marginal seats. His new role combines the job of Political Secretary in Number Ten with a campaigning role at CCHQ. He is widely respected throughout the professional party and among former candidates. Few would be surprised if he moved back to CCHQ full time as the election draws nearer.
39. (+38) JUSTINE GREENING
Secretary of State for International Development
What a bumpy ride it has been for Justine Greening over the past year. Some felt she was promoted too early when she moved into the Cabinet as Transport Secretary following the mini-reshuffle after Liam Fox's departure. Her opposition to Heathrow expansion among other things lead to her demotion in the recent reshuffle to International Development Secretary. Her failure to spot the West Coast franchise fiasco may cost her dear.
40. (-2) DANIEL HANNAN
Conservative MEP, Columnist & Blogger
Another year another book from Daniel Hannan, this year's offerings are on his specialist subject entitled "A Doomed Marriage: Britain and Europe". Fiercely Eurosceptic, Hannan has established a powerful brand for himself. As the darling of the grassroots his fringe speeches at conference have become sell-out events. His logical thought process and brilliant oratory draw comparison with Enoch Powell, and many believe he would be of far more influence if he ran for a Westminster seat.
41. (-10) LORD STRATHCLYDE
Leader of the House of Lords
A popular figure in all parts of the party Tom Strathclyde is part of the fixtures and fittings in the Lords. He is also very influential. He has made himself almost irreplaceable and Cameron relies on him to keep their Lordships in order. Strathclyde was an impressive defender of the House of Lords reform this year, despite for many years being a staunch opponent to reform.
42. (+11) MATTHEW SINCLAIR
Chief Executive, Taxpayers' Alliance
Sinclair was made Chief Executive of the TaxPayers' Alliance this year, and has been a thorn in the side of government and local councils. The TPA is undoubtedly the most effective pressure group in Britain, holding local government and politicians account for every penny they spend. He is a regular on radio and television putting the case for small government and low taxes - just as well, since few Tory ministers are prepared to do it.
43. (+19) JOHN WHITTINGDALE
Chairman, DCMS Select Committee
'Whitto', as he is affectionately known, made his name as Political Secretary to Margaret Thatcher. He rises this year due to his work as chairman of the DCMS select committee on the Murdoch inquiry, which he has chaired with great skill. Much respected by Tory MPs he is a good tip for next chairman of the 1922 Committee.
44. (+3) JESSE NORMAN
Conservative MP for Hereford
Jesse Norman is now known by many for one thing, his confrontation with Cameron over Lords Reform in the division lobby. He founded the Campaign for an Effective Second Chamber, where he helped lead and galvanise opposition against House of Lords reform. Cameron then confronted him and lost his temper accusing him of not being "honourable". The debacle earned Norman a whole host of new fans among the Tory grassroots. It's unfair to characterise him as just a rebel, he is one of the leader thinkers in the Conservative Party today.
45. (+33) LYNTON CROSBY
Political Strategist
The "Wizard of Oz" successfully worked his strategic and tactical magic four times in his native Australia for Prime Minister John Howard. In six months he was unable to do the same for Michel Howard and the Tories at the 2005 general election, but he oversaw Boris Johnson's famous victory at the 2008 London mayoral election and repeated that feat in 2012. He and David Cameron are said to not get on, but most Tory activists want to see him running the 2015 election campaign.
46. (-10) SIR JOHN MAJOR
Prime Minister 1990-97
Sir John has avoided the mistakes of his predecessors and only comments on current affairs when he has an important point to make, his microphone of choice being the Andrew Marr Show. Behind the scenes he is an important source of confidential advice for David Cameron, and when he speaks out it is usually a call for unity behind the leader. This year he was rightly recognised for his role in ensuring lottery fund went to sport when he was PM, enabling our success at the 2012 Olympics. He has a new book out called 'My Old Man' about the history of the music hall.
47. (+3) NICHOLAS BOLES
Minister for Planning, Department for Communities and Local Government
It was only a matter of time before Nick Boles was promoted, a loyal Cameroon and Coalition defender, he was made Minister for Planning following the reshuffle. He was the first new minister to appear on Newsnight with Paxo, and he displayed his typically brilliant media skills. He has long been highlighted as one of the most impressive members of the new intake, over the next year we will see if he can live up to that reputation. A few months before being made a minister he controversially called for an end to non-pension benefits like Winter Fuel Allowance and free bus passes.
48. (+37) SIR EDWARD LISTER
Deputy Mayor of London
A vital member of the Johnson team running London, he was appointed as Deputy Mayor for Planning and Chief of Staff to the London Mayor in 2011. Previously Sir Edward had served as Leader of Wandsworth Council from 1992-2011, making him the longest serving council leader in the country. His reputation as a fearsome cost cutter in Wandsworth has continued in the London Assembly, making £150 million spending cuts to pay for a council tax cut each year for Londoners.
49. (-22) MATTHEW ELLIOTT
Founder of the TaxPayers Alliance and Big Brother Watch
Former Head of the No to AV campaign, Matthew Elliott has long been a calm and powerful advocate of low taxes, light regulation and the small state, making his name as the founder of the Taxpayer's Alliance. He was considered as a replacement for Steve Hilton as the PM's Director of Strategy, but was allegedly blocked by the Liberal Democrats. He recently stood down as the TPA's Chief Executive, but rumour has it he has an even bigger project up his sleeve.
50. (-13) PAUL KIRBY
Director, Number 10 Policy Unit
Kirby a former KPMG partner, was brought in as the new Head of Policy Development following the Number 10 rejig after Andy Coulson's departure. He leads a team of 8 formulating government policy. Kirby is the man behind the massive shake of the public sector, proposing radical new policies to end the "state monopoly" over public sector services. However he does have many Tory critics who reckon are not seeing enough conservatism in the policy making of 2012.
51. (-12) MICHAEL HINTZE
Party Donor
Australian born Michael Hintze is a highly successful hedge fund manager and philanthropist. His influence relates to the causes which he funds. He was the first to out himself as someone who had loaned the Conservative Party. One of the few donors who everybody in the party both likes and respects. It was revealed this year he was the funder of Lord Lawson's Global Warming Policy Foundation, and that he had dined with the PM in Downing Street.
52. (-10) KIT MALTHOUSE
Deputy Mayor of London for Business and Enterprise
Earlier this year Malthouse made controversial comments that too many police resources were being wasted on the phone hacking scandal. Following Boris' re-election he moved Malthouse away from responsibility for the Met Police, and instead put him in charge of Business and Enterprise. We shall wait to see whether Malthouse can deliver on his promise of 200,000 new jobs. As an eloquent performer on the London media, he could well make a run for mayor himself when Boris has had enough. Formerly Malthouse was Deputy Leader of Westminster Council and remains an investment banker.
53. (-9) PATRICK ROCK
Special Advisor, Number Ten Policy Unit
Rock was brought back last year to join the No10 Policy Unit as a Special Advisor. He was the one time legendary SpAd to Michael Howard when he was Home Secretary, the other SpAd being a young, bright man by the name of David Cameron. Credited with coming up with the phrase "cows moo, dogs bark, Labour puts up taxes" in the 70s, he is a smooth operator but we have yet to see any significant policies come out of Number Ten this year.
54. (-8) AMEET GILL
Head of Strategic Communications
After the departure of Tim Chatwin who left to join Google in the US, Cameron's rather elusive chief speechwriter Ameet Gill was appointed Head of Strategic Communications at Number 10. Gill has been working with David Cameron now for six years, but little is known about this head of comms who, like all good backroom boys, does his best to stay out of the limelight. Tale has it that he was put forward to Cameron by the author and historian Niall Ferguson whom he worked for as a researcher.
55. (New) SAJID JAVID
Economic Secretary to the Treasury
This time last year very few people had heard of the MP for Bromsgrove. Since then he has gone from PPS to John Hayes, to PPS to George Osborne and following the reshuffle now Economic Secretary to the Treasury replacing Chloe Smith. His fast rise up the greasy pole into George Osborne's inner circle is not only proof of this man's ambition but also his talent. At the age of 25 he became Vice Chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, and later senior Managing Director for Deutsche Bank before entering politics.
56. (-5) DAVID LIDINGTON
Minister for Europe
David Lidington has now been Minister for Europe for over two years. In the previous two years before that there were four holders of the post, so he must be doing something right. One of the few Tory MPs liked by virtually all his colleagues, Lidington was chosen for the role of Minister for Europe precisely because of his party wide popularity. Neither seen as a eurospectic nor a Europhile, he is a pragmatist. If anyone can suck the poison out of this poisoned chalice of a job, he can.
57. (+15) OWEN PATERSON
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
When Paterson was originally brought into Cabinet by Cameron many eyebrows were raised, yet it proved a shrewd move. His success in the Northern Ireland post won him a promotion in the reshuffle as he replaced Caroline Spelman at Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. A solid right winger and climate change sceptic, his promotion angered many green pressure groups, while at the same time pleasing the conservative grassroots who admire his pro-foxing hunting and anti-wind farm beliefs.
58. (-3) DAVID DAVIS
Former Shadow Home Secretary
It's never a quiet year if David Davis is about, and 2012 proved no different. He has a knack for putting his finger on the weak point of a policy and then launching a campaign to change it - often with success. He recently made a speech at the CPS calling for Cameron to cut more and faster, and to expand Heathrow which gained him much media traction. Davis has become the poster boy of the right, with "Don't blame me I voted DD" t-shirts being printed for this year's Party Conference - allegedly.
59. (-3) ANDREW HALDENBY
Director, Reform
Haldenby set up Reform with Nick Herbert in 2001, having run the abortive David Davis leadership campaign. Reform is unashamedly free market and small government and has found the Cameron regime less to its liking than its predecessors. However, the Tories are starting to adopt some of Reform's radical ideas on a small state agenda and public service reform.
60. (-3) JOHN REDWOOD
Conservative MP for Wokingham
John Redwood continues his renaissance. His Economic Competitiveness Report was a model of its kind and Redwood's blog (johnredwoodsdiary.com) has attracted a large and influential readership. His media profile is increasing and his waspish sense of humour is finally being shown in public. Earlier this year he got into a spat with the Department for Health over a report he had written called Care for the Elderly in which he publicly denounced the Dilnot proposals.
61. (-3) OLIVER DOWDEN
Prime Minister's Political Director
Dowden, nicknamed Olive, has yo-yoed between being a party apparatchik and the world of public relations. Prior to the election he headed up the political section of the Conservative Research Department, but now acts as Cameron's Political Director. Dowden is based at Number 11 and works closely with CCHQ, looking closely at opposition strategy and organising attack operations against Labour. He may keep a low profile but is integral to the Tory machine. Dowden has been tipped to run as an MP in the 2015 general election.
62. (+8) DOUGLAS CARSWELL
MP for Clacton
Carswell's influence has grown quickly since he was first elected to Parliament in 2005. Adding to Carswell's large collection of publications from localism to constitutional reform, he authored a new book this year called "The End of Politics and the Birth of iDemocracy", cementing his position as one of the party's brightest young thinkers. Though he has no chance of joining the government payroll people still listen to what he has to say. He made headlines earlier this year when he accused "Sir Humphrey of dominating policy".
63. (-40) LIAM FOX
Former Secretary of State for Defence
An awful past year for Liam Fox, Fox was forced to resign as Defence Secretary after the controversy surrounding his friend Adam Werritty. A later investigation by the Cabinet Secretary revealed the details of the working relationship were improper. Since then he has been afforded the freedom to position himself as the champion of the right and to try and build a power base. In recent months Fox has spoken out for tax cuts, talked of leaving the European Union, and has also been feeding ideas to Mitt Romney.
64. (+3) SIR MERRICK COCKELL
Conservative leader of the Local Government Association
Charming and urbane, Merrick Cockell made his reputation as leader of Kensington Council, which had the third lowest council tax in the country. Last year he took over the important position as Tory leader of the LGA, and this year pleaded with the government not to slash the local authority budget further. However he was criticised during the Olympics because instead of representing his London council, he took a holiday to a private villa in Spain.
65. (+3) DOMINIC GRIEVE
Attorney General
Grieve is the very definition of a safe pair of hands, and is wrongly viewed by many as simply being rather dull. Despite being in Cabinet for over two years he lacks influence on the party leadership because Cameron has never really understood Grieve and his more liberal instincts.
66. (-6) LORD HOWARD
Leader of the Conservative Party, 2003-5
As a standard bearer of the Tory Right, Howard's remarks made almost 20 years that "prison works" are often still quoted today by people up and down the country. Although the speculation that he might return to frontline politics as Lord Chancellor after the election never came to fruition he still holds influence over his party. His vast parliamentary experience is always there to be called upon whenever the Prime Minister needs it.
67. (+5) DAVID WILLETTS
Minister of State for Innovations, Universities & Skills
It's been a quiet year for Willetts, though that was to be expected after the chaos of the last few years. Willetts is a survivor whose calmness and indefatigability during the student fees crisis were much needed qualities while others were chasing their tails. Despite a large drop in the number of students going to university, he has remained a staunch defender of the Government's market reforms to higher education. Although he is one of the finest political brains in the country, disappointingly this appears to be his last job in government.
68. (+6) DOMINIC RAAB
MP for Esher & Walton
One of the greatest thinkers of the Class of 2010, Raab is a former aide to David Davis who has taken on his ex-boss's mantle as a champion of civil liberties. He has contributed to several policy oriented books including After The Coalition, The Future of Conservatism, and this year Britannia Unchained calling for radical cuts to regulation. He has had many public spats with Home Secretary Theresa May, more recently over US extradition particularly the Gary McKinnon case.
69. (-8) KENNETH CLARKE
Minister Without Portfolio
After his demotion in this year's reshuffle Ken Clarke does what Ken Clarke does best, he spent a relaxing afternoon watching cricket at the Oval. His indifference to the burdens of state and the way he sails through life as if he wouldn't care if his political career ended tomorrow is something we rarely see in politics anymore. His new role as Minister without Portfolio allows him the opportunity to share his vast experience with Cabinet and advise Cameron and Osborne on the economy without the burden of running a department.
70. (+5) MARTIN CALLANAN
Leader of the Conservative European Reform Group of MEPs
Callanan is the first seriously eurosceptic leader the Tory MEPs have ever had in Brussels. Since his elevation to that role, he has not been afraid to make waves by publicly opposing British participation in further eurozone bailouts, for example. A Geordie who was educated at the same school as Paul Gascoigne, he is living up to his promise to lend "solid but not slavish support" to the Coalition Government - and his interventions will continue to give succour to grassroots activists.
71. (+5) NEIL O'BRIEN
Director, Policy Exchange
Policy Exchange remains to be one of the most influential think tanks in Westminster and is often quoted as Cameron's favourite think tank. Neil O'Brien has succeeded in moving Policy Exchange on to a more aggressive, free-market agenda. Under his leadership the think tank has produced many radical papers on planning reform and education which have gone on to shape government policy.
72. (New) LORD FINK
Conservative Party Treasurer
Following the resignation of Peter Cruddas over cash for access controversy, Stanley Fink was brought back into the fold as Treasurer of the Conservative Party. A grocer's son and grammar school boy, Fink went on to amass a personal fortune of £120 million in the hedge fund industry. He proved very successful at raising funds prior to the election, now Cameron hopes he can do the same in the run up to 2015.
73. (New) MARIA MILLER
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
One of the highest performing ministers in the Coalition, her hard work paid off when she was promoted to the Cabinet replacing Jeremy Hunt at Culture, Media and Sport. Educated at a Welsh Comprehensive school she is not your typical Tory and last month came out in favour of same sex marriage. She recently caused a stir when she said that she would vote to lower the abortion limit to 20 weeks. Expect to see a meteoric rise in next year's list.
74. (+5) GREG HANDS
Assistant Treasury Whip
Despite being overlooked for a ministerial position, Hands has remained a loyal part of Team Osborne as is well regarded by the party. He had a small promotion after the mini reshuffle caused by Liam Fox's departure moving from PPS to Assistant Whip. A devotee of both Thatcher and Reagan (he was born in the US and campaigned for Rudy Giuliani when he lived in New York), a ministerial red box ought to be his before too long.
75. (+6) LORD TEBBIT
Former Conservative Cabinet Minister
Norman Tebbit is a figurehead of the Tory Right and inspiration to many, when he speaks he reminds people of the heady days of Thatcher rule. He still has the knack of getting to the nub of an issue with a soundbite designed to cause maximum effect. His Telegraph blog has given him a new lease of life and is required reading in the Westminster Village and beyond. He is major thorn in Cameron's side, which pleases the old bruiser no end.
76. (+7) PAUL GOODMAN
Executive Editor, ConservativeHome.com
Goodman's rise up this year's rankings are a reflection his increasing importance to ConservativeHome, the leading website of the grassroots and major critic of Cameron's government. Genial and pensive, Goodman quit Parliament at the last election even though he would have been a dead cert Minister of State in a Cameron government. Disillusioned by the state of party politics he has made a real impact in his new guise as an internet commentator - even winning the PoliticsHome Political Blogger of the Year awarded.
77. (NEW) TOBY YOUNG
Journalist and Author
Co-founder of the West London Free School, Young has been a huge supporter of Michael Gove and a vocal champion of his free school reforms. His very popular blog at The Telegraph came to a sad end earlier this year when he became a political columnist at The Sun on Sunday.
78. (NEW) HARRY COLE
Journalist
In previous years Guido Fawkes has made an appearance on this list, but this year their News Editor makes it in his own right. Some say Guido Fawkes is neither as influential nor revelatory as it once was, but it still has the largest following of any political blog in the UK. Cole is also a Columnist at the Daily Star on Sunday, and recently became a Contributing Editor at The Spectator largely in charge of writing the Steerpike column.
79. (+9) ANDREW LANSLEY
Leader of the House of Commons
Lansley's time as Health Secretary can only be described as 'mixed', as he struggled steer the Health & Social Care Bill through the Commons. Although he successfully neutralized health as an issue for the Tories in opposition, it came back to bite them in government. He was duly demoted in the reshuffle to Leader of the House of Commons, a job which will see him in charge of arranging of government business and give him an opportunity to rebuild his reputation.
80. (+9) PRITI PATEL
Conservative MP for Witham
One of the feistiest of the 2010 intake, Patel wowed Essex man with her Thatcherite rhetoric to win a seat where she doesn't fit the typical demographic. The embodiment of upward social mobility as envisaged by the Iron Lady, she is the daughter of Ugandan refugees and worked for Sir James Goldsmith and the Referendum Party in 1997 before being recruited to Tory HQ by William Hague when he was leader. Tipped for ministerial stardom.
81. (New) DAVID JONES
Secretary of State for Wales
After several years as Cheryl Gillan's loyal deputy both in opposition and government, this year David Jones was finally made Secretary of State for Wales upon her departure, making him the first Conservative Welsh Secretary who represents a Welsh constituency since Nicholas Edwards in 1987. A former lawyer, he is a fluent Welsh speaker and also used to be the Assembly Member for North Wales. Jones is by far one of the most interesting MPs on Twitter.
82. (New) HUGH ROBERTSON
Minister of State at the Department of Culture, Media and Sport
Robertson was the government minister who oversaw the London Olympics this year. Post Olympics he was promoted from Parliamentary Under Secretary, to Minister of State for Sport. Not only will he been looking after the nation's sport, he is also in charge of maintaining the legacy of the Olympics especially tourism. The former Army officer got involved in gaffe when he reportedly said "You should damn well know who I am" to security guards refusing to let him into the Olympic grounds. Tipped as a future Chief Whip.
83. (New) DAVID GAUKE
Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury
Described by many as "Osborne's safe pair of hands", David Gauke has kept a steady calmness as Exchequer Secretary for the last two years. He managed to survive the anger of tradesman up and down the country when he made controversial remarks that cash in hand was "morally wrong" - despite his wife being a corporate tax lawyer whose company boasted about their ability to reduce people's tax burden. He is a sure fire choice as Chief Secretary to the Treasury in a Conservative Government.
84. (New) MICHAEL FALLON
Minister of State at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
The Conservatives attack dog, Michael Fallon did the job Sayeeda Warsi was supposed to do when he served as Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party. A favourite among the Conservative grassroots, Fallon was brought into the Business Department following the reshuffle to reign in the left wing tendencies of the Business Secretary Vince Cable. Upon his arrival at the department he said he would be a "voice for business" and start "relighting the bonfire of regulations". By any measure, he should be in the Cabinet.
85. (New) LIZ TRUSS
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Education
One of the bright young members of the Class of 2010, she founded the Free Enterprise Group which is thought in high regard by George Osborne and the Treasury. Its job is to foster an atmosphere of pro free market in a time of austerity, and to provide new policy ideas in hope of influencing the government. A co-author a number of books, she was recently made a minister at the Department for Education. She used to be in charge of the Liberal Democrats at Oxford University and campaigned to abolish the Monarchy.
86. (-23) NICK HERBERT
Former Minister of State for Police & Prison Reform
The man who helped to bring in the government's plans for elected police commissioners, Nick Herbert was expected to be a shoe-in for the cabinet. He resigned a Minister during the reshuffle, allegedly fed up of the lack of support for radical policies and the Yes Minister reality of the civil service. One of the brightest and most innovative thinkers of the Tory MPs, Herbert said he was going to be concentrating on "new ideas".
87. (New) SIMON BURNS
Minister of State at the Department of Transport
After a clear out of ministers at the Department of Health following the fiasco that was the Health and Social Care Bill, Simon Burns was moved to the Department for Transport. He has special responsibility for rail fares, HS2 and aviation, ensuring he will be in the spotlight as airport expansion becomes an ever increasing issue. Famed for calling Speaker Bercow "a stupid sanctimonious dwarf", Burns is a friend of former President Jimmy Carter and is very fond of the Clintons.
88. (New) ANNA SOUBRY
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Health
Before being promoted in the reshuffle to minister, Anna Soubry was PPS to Simon Burns at the Department for Health. She immediately caused waves in the job by announcing her support for assisted suicide laws leading to the Department of Health having to deny it had any such plans. This was followed by an admittance that the Coalition government had "screwed up" NHS reform at a conference of medical professionals. Her indiscreet nature has made her a favourite with journalists. Described by one as "Edwina Currie on steroids".
89. (New) RUTH DAVIDSON
Leader of the Scottish Conservatives
Ruth Davidson had big shoes to fill when Annabel Goldie stood down as Leader of the Scottish Conservatives after six years. She narrowly beat the more radical Murdo Fraser in the leadership contest. A young Scottish lesbian she is not your typical Tory, but she has yet to make a real impact in the job. The next few months will tell if she can step up the role, and also play a key part in the Scottish independence referendum.
90. (New) ZAC GOLDSMITH
MP for Richmond Park
With debates raging over government aviation policy, Goldsmith threw a grenade into policy discussions when he announced he would immediately stand down as a Tory MP and fight as independent if the government expanded Heathrow. The one time Cameroonian environmentalist was sacked last year as green envoy because he voted in favour of an EU referendum in the Commons. It has been reported that Goldsmith has had secret meetings with Boris Johnson over Heathrow, and there is speculation he could stand down in favour of Boris.
91. (New) ANDREA LEADSOM
MP for South Northamptonshire
A former Director at Barclays Bank, Andrea Leadsom entered Parliament in 2010 and last year founded and now runs the Fresh Start Project. 104 Conservative MPs turned up at their first meeting, with the aim of pushing the party in a more Eurosceptic direction and to redefine Britain's relationship with the EU. She didn't make many friends in Downing Street earlier this year when she called for Osborne to apologise to Ed Balls after implicating he was involved in the Libor scandal.
92. (New) KWASI KWARTENG
Historian and MP for Spelthorne
Kwarteng has authored four books since he arrived in the Commons in 2010. He wrote a heavyweight tome on the British Empire, a book on transport policy, and co-authored a further two on general Conservative policy. It's amazing he gets the time to be an MP. Very bright, he was educated at Eton, Cambridge and Harvard. Many were surprised when Kwarteng was left on the backbenches in the reshuffle.
93. (-6) STUART POLAK
Director, Conservative Friends of Israel
CFI has established itself as a highly effective lobby group. Polak regularly takes leading Conservatives on trips to Israel to educate them. The sceptics invariably return, if not indoctrinated, fully onside. A familiar face around the corridors of the Houses of Parliament, he has done more than most to promote Israel's case to the right of British politics.
94. (New) MARK LITTLEWOOD
Director General of the Institute of Economic Affairs
Littlewood became the first Director of the Institute of Economic Affairs to appear on Question Time. True to his style he controversially proposed that there were better free market alternatives to the NHS. Formerly Chief Press Spokesman for the Liberal Democrats, he is one of the best free market voices on the media and also recently became an independent advisor to Number 10. Never knowingly on message, the IEA has blossomed under his leadership.
95. (New) TIM KNOX
Director of the Centre for Policy Studies
The Centre for Policy Studies has re-established itself as one of the most influential think tanks on the right. Working alongside the CPS's Chief Economist Ryan Bourne, Knox has overseen a renaissance at the CPS. With an increased number of influential reports and a boom in the number of their events, the CPS is on the rise.
96. (New) ALLISTER HEATH
Editor of City AM and Telegraph Business columnist
As Editor of City AM, the free daily business newspaper distributed across London, Heath has seen the circulation rise to 100,000 copies a day making him one of the most influential voices in the London business community. He has created a network of free market journalists who provide some of the best libertarian content out there. The Frenchman also chaired the 2020 Tax Commission which produced an influential report investigating the ideal tax system for the UK.
97. (New) MARK PRISK
Housing Minister
During the reshuffle Prisk took a sideways step from Business Minister to Housing Minister, replacing Grant Shapps. Prisk now faces one of the most challenging jobs in government, but has already pledged to work with the housing sector to draw up a long term plan to sort out the housing shortage in this country. If he performs well in this job too, he could be in the cabinet before too long.
98. (New) ROBERT HALFON
MP for Harlow
Halfon is a true Essex Man and an inveterate campaigner. He founded Right Angle, an online grassroots community aimed at creating a voice for the aspiring working class. Campaigns he has got involved with include lower taxes for lower earners, namely increasing the tax free allowance to £10,000, and Petrol Promise, campaign for cheap fuel prices. He is also a keen supporter of Conservatives joining trade unions. He himself is a member of the Prospect trade union.
99. (New) MARK HARPER
Minister of State for Immigration
For the past two years Harper worked as Nick Clegg's deputy pushing the AV referendum through the Commons, and a valiant defender of the House of Lords reform which failed to make any progress. His loyalty was rewarded when he was made a Minister of State at the Home Office, with responsibility for immigration. He maybe a skilled performer but he has a tough challenge to take control of this poisoned chalice.
100. (New) JOHN HAYES
Energy Minister
Many were surprised when competent Energy Minister Charles Hendry was sacked in favour of John Hayes, who was previously at BIS. Hayes appointment to Energy has concerned some environmental groups as he is a known climate change sceptic who has past opposition to wind farms and other renewables. Many suspect he has been brought in to beef up Team Osborne in an ongoing dispute between the Chancellor and the Climate Change Secretary over the future of the UK's energy strategy.
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Which American car company made the Firebird and Phoenix models? | Pontiac Firebird For Sale - Carsforsale.com
Pontiac Firebird For Sale
2002 Pontiac Firebird Review
The 2002 Pontiac Firebird is, sadly, the last Firebird to be produced. This is the end of the line, and it goes out with a bit of a fizzle, and not much of a bang. There's very little new for this year. Power comes to the mirrors and the antennae as standard across the models and trims. We also lose Blue-Green Chameleon and gain Bright Silver Metallic as a color choice.On the subject of color, the only real bang in Pontiac's final version of the Firebird is the Collector Yellow, a special edition featuring ... Read More
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What name is given to the traditional Malay dagger with a wavy blade? | Classifieds for Classic Pontiac Firebird - 492 Available
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(CC-940516) 1976 Pontiac Firebird 400
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This is a project car. Have 2007 hemi Dodge motor and transmission. Has brand-new fram and Rack & Pinion steering. New
$35,900 12
Beautiful red Firebird with white interior and convertible top. A Very nice car
$19,950 16
(CC-943481) 1975 Pontiac Firebird Formula
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$34,500 4
(CC-910656) 1967 Pontiac Firebird
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1967 Firebird 400 has been owned by same owner since 1973. The original 400 engine was beyond repair and was replaced
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(CC-939863) 1969 Pontiac Firebird
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(CC-926522) 1976 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am SE
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(CC-924355) 1969 Pontiac Firebird
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(CC-896873) 2002 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am
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(CC-936740) 1975 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am
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| i don't know |
What colour is the outermost ring of an archery target? | What are archery target rings called? | Reference.com
What are archery target rings called?
A:
Quick Answer
The rings on an archery target are called scoring rings. Standard archery boards feature a face of 10 evenly spaced scoring rings. The rings carry values of one through 10 points, with five colors representing two rings each.
Full Answer
The smallest rings in the center of the target are gold, featuring values of 10 and nine points. Extending outward and increasing in size are a red ring for eight or seven points, a blue ring for six and five points, a black ring for four and three points, and a white ring for two points and one point. An arrow resting on the border of two rings is known as a line breaker or line cutter, and it is always awarded the higher of the two values.
| White |
Britt Ekland played Mary Goodnight in which James Bond film? | White dictionary definition | white defined
a white pigment, paint, or dye
the state of being white; specif.,
fairness of complexion
a white or light-colored part; specif.,
the albumen of an egg
the white part of the eyeball
a blank space in printing, writing, etc.
the white or light-colored part of meat, wood, etc.
something white or light-colored; specif.,
white cloth
white garments or vestments; white uniform
a white breed, esp. of pig
a highly refined, usually bleached flour
white bread
Chess the player or side with the white or lighter-colored pieces
a person with a light-colored skin; member of the Caucasoid division of humans
a member of a reactionary or counterrevolutionary faction, party, etc. in certain European countries
leukorrhea
Being of the color white; devoid of hue, as new snow.
Approaching the color white, as:
a. Weakly colored; almost colorless; pale: white wine.
b. Pale gray; silvery and lustrous: white hair.
c. Bloodless; blanched.
Light or whitish in color or having light or whitish parts. Used with animal and plant names.
also White Of or belonging to a racial group of people having light-colored skin, especially when of European origin, and in some classifications also when of Middle Eastern or North African origin: voting patterns within the white population.
Habited in white: white nuns.
Accompanied by or mantled with snow: a white Christmas.
a. Incandescent: white flames.
b. Intensely heated; impassioned: white with fury.
White Of or relating to a conservative or counterrevolutionary faction, especially one opposing the Bolsheviks in the Russian civil war.
With milk added. Used of tea or coffee.
Archaic Unsullied; pure.
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According to The Beeges’ first British hit single, which fictitious catastrophe occurred in 1941? | Aberfan - SourceWatch
Aberfan
Jump to: navigation , search
This article is part of the Coal Issues portal on SourceWatch, a project of CoalSwarm and the Center for Media and Democracy . See here for help on adding material to CoalSwarm.
Aberfan is a village four miles south of Merthyr Tydfil in Wales, England. The village is chiefly known because of the catastrophic collapse of a coal mining sludge spill that occurred there in 1966, known as the Aberfan Disaster, which killed 144 people, including 116 children. [1]
Contents
3.2 Related SourceWatch articles
Aberfan disaster
For approximately 50 years up to 1966, millions of cubic metres of excavated mining debris from the National Coal Board's Merthyr Vale Colliery was deposited on the side of Merthyr Mountain, directly above the village of Aberfan. Huge piles of loose rock and mining slag, known as tips, had been built up over a layer of highly porous sandstone that contained numerous underground springs, and several tips had been built up directly over these springs. Although local authorities had raised specific concerns in 1963 about slag being tipped on the mountain above the village primary school, these were largely ignored by the NCB's area management. [1]
Early on the morning of Friday 21 October 1966, after several days of heavy rain, a subsidence of about 3-6 metres occurred on the upper flank of coal waste tip No. 7. At 9:15am more than 150,000 cubic metres of water-saturated debris broke away and flowed downhill at high speed. It was sunny on the mountain but still foggy in the village, with visibility only about fifty metres. The tipping gang working on the mountain saw the landslide start, but were unable to raise the alarm because their telephone cable had been repeatedly stolen – although the official inquiry into the disaster later established that the slip happened so fast that a telephone warning would not have saved any lives. [1]
The front part of the mass became liquefied and moved down the slope at high speed as a series of viscous surges. 120,000 cubic metres of debris were deposited on the lower slopes of the mountain, but a mass of over 40,000 cubic metres of debris smashed into the village in a slurry 12 metres (40 feet) deep. [2]
The slide destroyed a farm and twenty terraced houses along Moy Road and slammed into the northern side of the Pantglas Junior School and part of the separate senior school, demolishing most of the structures and filling the classrooms with thick mud and rubble up to 10 metres (30 feet) deep. Mud and water from the slide flooded many other houses in the vicinity, forcing many villagers to evacuate their homes. [2]
The pupils of Pantglas Junior School had arrived only minutes earlier for the last day before the half-term holiday. They had just left the assembly hall, where they had been singing "All Things Bright and Beautiful", when a great noise was heard outside. Had they left for their classrooms a few minutes later from the assembly, the loss of life would have been significantly reduced, as the children would not have reached their classrooms when the landslide hit: the classrooms were on the side of the building nearest the landslide. [1]
Nobody in the village was able to see it, but everyone could hear the roar of the approaching landslide. Some at the school thought it was a jet about to crash and one teacher ordered his class to hide under their desks. Gaynor Minett, then an eight-year-old at the school, later recalled:
"It was a tremendous rumbling sound and all the school went dead. You could hear a pin drop. Everyone just froze in their seats. I just managed to get up and I reached the end of my desk when the sound got louder and nearer, until I could see the black out of the window. I can't remember any more but I woke up to find that a horrible nightmare had just begun in front of my eyes." [3]
After the landslide there was total silence. George Williams, who was trapped in the wreckage, remembered:
"In that silence you couldn't hear a bird or a child." [3]
Rescue efforts
After the main landslide stopped, frantic parents rushed to the scene and began digging through the rubble, some clawing at the debris with their bare hands, trying to uncover buried children. Police from Merthyr Tydfil arrived soon after and took charge of the search-and-rescue operations; as news spread hundreds of people drove to Aberfan to try and help but their efforts were largely in vain. A large amount of water and mud was still flowing down the slope, and the growing crowd of untrained volunteers further hampered the work of the trained rescue teams who were arriving. A few children were pulled out alive in the first hour, but no survivors were found after 11am that day. [1]
By the next day (Saturday) some 2000 emergency services workers and volunteers were on the scene, some of whom had worked continuously for more than 24 hours. Rescue work had to be temporarily halted during the day when water began pouring down the slope again, and because of the vast quantity and consistency of the slag it was nearly a week before all the bodies were recovered. [1]
Bethania Chapel, 250 metres from the disaster site, was used as the temporary mortuary and missing persons bureau from 21 October until 4 November 1966 and its vestry was used to house Red Cross volunteers and St John Ambulance stretcher-bearers. The smaller Aberfan Calvinistic Chapel was used as a second mortuary from 22-29 October and became the final resting-place for the victims before their funerals. [2]
Two doctors were charged with certifying the deaths and examining the bodies; the causes of death were typically found to be asphyxia, fractured skull or multiple crush injuries. A team of 400 embalmers arrived in Aberfan on Sunday and under police supervision they cleaned and prepared over 100 bodies and placed them in coffins obtained from South Wales, the English Midlands, Bristol and even Northern Ireland. The bodies were released to the families from the morning of Monday 24 October [2] . Because of the cramped conditions in the chapel/mortuary, parents could only be admitted one at a time to identify the bodies of their children. One mother later recalled being shown the bodies of almost every dead girl recovered from the school before identifying her own daughter. [1]
The final death toll was 144. In addition to five of their teachers, 116 of the dead were children between the ages of 7 and 10 – almost half of the children at the Pantglas Junior School. Most of the victims were interred at the Bryntaf Cemetery in Aberfan in a joint funeral held on 27 October 1966, attended by more than 2000 people. [4]
Actions of Lord Robens
The chairman of the National Coal Board (NCB) at the time of the disaster was Alfred Robens, Baron Robens of Woldingham. Robens had been a senior union official in the 1930s and then served as a Labour MP, briefly becoming Minister of Power in the dying days of the Clement Atlee Labour government. His actions immediately after the Aberfan disaster and in the years that followed have been the subject of considerable criticism. [5]
When word of the Aberfan disaster reached him, Robens did not immediately go to the scene; he instead went ahead with his investiture as chancellor of the University of Surrey, and did not arrive at the village until the evening of the following day (Saturday). NCB officers covered up for Robens when contacted by the Secretary of State for Wales, falsely claiming that Robens was personally directing relief work when in fact he was not present. [5]
When he eventually reached Aberfan, Robens told a TV reporter that nothing could have been done to prevent the slide, attributing it to 'natural unknown springs' beneath the tip, a statement which the locals knew to be false – the NCB had in fact been tipping on top of springs that were clearly marked on maps of the neighbourhood, and where villagers had played as children. [5]
Robens' actions in the period after the disaster (see below) further damaged his reputation – he refused to allow Coal Board funds to be used for the removal of the remaining tips above Aberfan, instead appropriating a substantial sum from the public disaster relief fund to pay for the work. [5]
The Davies Inquiry
On 26 October 1966, after resolutions by both Houses of Parliament, the Secretary of State for Wales appointed a Tribunal to inquire into the causes of and circumstances relating to the Aberfan disaster, chaired by respected Welsh barrister and Privy Councillor Lord Justice Edmund Davies . Before the tribunal began, the UK Attorney General imposed restrictions on speculation in the media about the causes of the disaster. [6]
The Tribunal sat for 76 days – the longest inquiry of its type in British history up to that time – interviewing 136 witnesses, examining 300 exhibits and hearing 2,500,000 words of evidence, which ranged from the history of mining in the area to the region's geological conditions. [6]
Lord Robens made a dramatic appearance the final days of the Tribunal to give evidence, at which point he conceded that the National Coal Board had been at fault; had this admission been made at the outset, much of the Tribunal's inquiry would have been unnecessary. [6]
The Tribunal retired to consider its verdict on 28 April 1967. Its damning report, published on 3 August, found that the blame for the disaster rested entirely with the National Coal Board, and that the basic cause was the NCB's "total absence of tipping policy". [6]
The report also noted that the NCB was "... following in the footsteps of their predecessors. They were not guided either by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Mines and Quarries or by legislation" and also found that there was "no legislation dealing with the safety of tips in force in this or any country, except in part of West Germany and in South Africa." [7]
" ...the Aberfan Disaster is a terrifying tale of bungling ineptitude by many men charged with tasks for which they were totally unfitted, of failure to heed clear warnings, and of total lack of direction from above. Not villains but decent men, led astray by foolishness or by ignorance or by both in combination, are responsible for what happened at Aberfan". [6]
"Blame for the disaster rests upon the National Coal Board. This is shared, though in varying degrees, among the NCB headquarters, the South Western Divisional Board, and certain individuals ... The legal liability of the NCB to pay compensation of the personal injuries, fatal or otherwise, and damage to property, is incontestable and uncontested." [7]
The specific cause of the collapse was found to have been a build-up of water in the pile; when a small slip occurred, the disturbance caused the saturated, fine material of the tip to liquefy and flow down the mountain. [7]
In 1958, the tip had been sited on a known stream (as shown on earlier Ordinance Survey maps) and had previously suffered several minor slips. Its instability was known both to colliery management and to tip workers but very little was done about it. Merthyr Tydfil Borough Council and the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain) were cleared of any wrongdoing. [7]
The Tribunal found that repeated warnings about the dangerous condition of the tip had been ignored, and that colliery engineers at all levels had concentrated only on conditions underground. In one passage, the Report noted:
"We found that many witnesses ... had been oblivious of what lay before their eyes. It did not enter their consciousness. They were like moles being asked about the habits of birds." [8]
The Tribunal also found that the tips had never been surveyed, and right up to the time of the landslide they were continuously being added to in a chaotic and unplanned manner. The disregard of the NCB and the colliery staff for the unstable geological conditions and its failure to act after previous smaller slides were found to have been major factors that contributed to the catastrophe. [7]
The NCB was ordered to pay compensation to the families at the rate of £500 per child. Nine senior NCB staff were named as having some degree of responsibility for the accident, but no NCB staff were ever demoted, sacked or prosecuted, and Lord Robens and the entire Board of the NCB retained their positions. [6]
Following the publication of the Report, Lord Robens wrote to the then Minister of Power, Richard Marsh, offering his resignation. Although Robens had a combative relationship with the government and several cabinet ministers argued strongly that he should go, in September 1967 the Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Marsh rejected Robens's resignation offer. [9] . According to Ronald Dearing, then a senior member of staff at the Ministry of Power, who briefed Marsh on the matter, the fact that Robens was "taking the coal industry through a period of painful contraction without big strikes" and the strong support for him within the coal industry and the union movement were crucial to the decision to retain him. [10]
Aftermath
The traumatic effects of the disaster on the town of Aberfan were wide-ranging and profound, as the moving first-hand accounts gathered by Iain McLean and Martin Johnes indicate. [11] . During the rescue operation, the shock and grief of parents and townspeople was exacerbated by the insensitive behaviour of the media – one unnamed rescue worker recalled hearing a press photographer tell a child to cry for her dead friends because it would make a good picture. [11]
Anger at the National Coal Board erupted during the inquest into the death of 30 of the children. The Merthyr Express reported that that there were shouts of "murderers" as children's names were read out. When one child's name was read out and the cause of death was given as asphyxia and multiple injuries, the father said "No, sir, buried alive by the National Coal Board". The coroner replied: "I know your grief is much that you may not be realising what you are saying" but the father repeated, "I want it recorded – ‘Buried alive by the National Coal Board.’ That is what I want to see on the record. That is the feeling of those present. Those are the words we want to go on the certificate." [11]
Aberfan's social worker later noted that many people in the village were on sedatives but did not take them when it was raining because they were afraid to go to sleep, and that surviving children did not close their bedroom doors for fear of being trapped. An Aberfan doctor reported that although an expected surge in heart attacks did not occur, the trauma of the disaster manifested itself in other ways – the birth rate went up, alcohol-related problems increased, as did health problems for those with pre-existing illnesses, and many parents suffered breakdowns over the next few years. [11]
Many suffered from the effects of guilt, such as parents who had sent children to school who did not want to go. Tensions arose between families who had lost children and those who had not. One of the surviving school children recalled that they didn’t go out to play for a long time because families who had lost children could not bear to see them, and they themselves felt guilty about the fact that they had survived. [11]
A study into the long-term psychological effects of the disaster was published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 2003. It found that half the survivors of the Aberfan disaster suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at some time in their lives, that they were over three times more likely to have developed lifetime PTSD than a comparison group of individuals who had experienced other life-threatening traumas, and that 34% of survivors who took part in the study reported that they still experienced bad dreams or difficulty sleeping due to intrusive thoughts about the disaster. [12]
The Disaster Fund
The public demonstrated their sympathy by donating money, with little idea of how it would be spent. Donations flooded in to the appeal and within a few months, nearly 90,000 contributions had been received, totalling £1,606,929. The management of this fund caused considerable controversy over the years. Many aspects of the aftermath of the Aberfan Disaster remained hidden until 1997, when the British Public Records Office released previously embargoed documents under the 30-year rule. These documents revealed new information about the machinations of Lord Robens, the NCB and the Charity Commission in the wake of the Aberfan Disaster. [11]
At one point the Charity Commission planned to insist that before any payment was made to bereaved parents, each case should be reviewed to ascertain if the parents had been close to their children and were thus likely to be suffering mentally. At another meeting, the Commission threatened to remove the Trustees of the Disaster Fund or make a financial order against them if they went ahead with making grants to parents of children who had not been physically injured that day, and the Trustees were forced to abandon these payments. [13]
Although the Davies Report had found that the NCB's liability was "incontestable and uncontested" and it was widely felt that the NCB should have to bear the entire cost of removing the dangerous tips above Aberfan, Robens refused to pay the full cost, thereby putting the Trustees of the Disaster Fund under "intolerable pressure". Robens then "raided" UK£150,000 from the Fund to cover the cost of removing the tips – an action which was "unquestionably unlawful" under charity law – and the Charity Commission took no action to protect the Fund from Robens' dubious appropriation of funds. [14]
Today there is still an important part of this fund still alive and running. The Disaster Committee set up a fund to help students. This at least means that the good work of the Committee is still available for students from the village or for children whose parents were living in Aberfan at the time of the disaster. [11]
New legislation
As a result of the concerns raised by the Aberfan disaster, and in line with Finding XVII of the Davies Report, in 1969 the British government framed new legislation to remedy the absence of laws and regulations governing mine and quarry waste tips and spoil heaps. The Mines and Quarries (Tips) Act 1969 was designed "to make further provision in relation to tips associated with mines and quarries; to prevent disused tips constituting a danger to members of the public; and for purposes connected with those matters". [2]
The new Act was an extension of the earlier The Mines and Quarries Act 1954. As the Davies Tribunal had found, this Act did not mention tips at all in its provisions – in fact, the only reference to public safety in that Act was a section dealing with fencing abandoned or disused mines and quarries to prevent people falling into them. Moreover, under the terms of the 1954 Act, the Aberfan disaster was not even required to be formally reported to HM Inspectorate of Mines and Quarries because it did not take place on colliery property and no mine workers had been injured or killed. [15]
Recent events
In 1997 the incoming Blair Labour government paid back the £150,000 to the Disaster Fund – although taking account of inflation the amount repaid should have been nearly £2 million. [16]
In 2005 Imperial Tobacco settled out of court to end a wrongful dismissal suit brought against the company by Aberfan survivor Janice Evans, who had been employed by IT's Rizla cigarette paper factory near Pontypridd. Evans had been sacked after she refused to continue working night shifts, alleging that it had brought on flashbacks of her ordeal in 1966, when she had been buried waist-deep in the landslide while walking to school. Although Evans survived, a friend who had been walking with her was killed. [17]
In February 2007 the Welsh Assembly announced the donation of £2 million to the Aberfan Disaster Memorial Fund, in part as recompense for the money requisitioned by the government in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. [16]
Songs
"The Aberfan Coal Tip Tragedy" by Thom Parrott, included on the Smithsonian Folkways CD set "Best of Broadside." Also recorded by Danish folk group Paddy Doyle’s.
The Bee Gees’ single "New York Mining Disaster 1941" — despite its misleading title, aimed at selling the record in America — is a moving response to the Aberfan disaster.
"Aberfan" by David Ackles, included on his album Five and Dime.
"Palaces of Gold" by Leon Rosselson references the Aberfan tragedy. It has been recorded by, among others, Martin Carthy.
"Aberfan" by Rhys Morgan (whose father was one of the men who helped digging).
In literature Ian McEwan lets his protagonist in the novel Saturday refer to the Aberfan Disaster as the decisive reason he does not believe in Fate or God.
Resources
References
| New York Mining Disaster 1941 |
What temperature is boiling point on the Reamur scale? | Aberfan - SourceWatch
Aberfan
Jump to: navigation , search
This article is part of the Coal Issues portal on SourceWatch, a project of CoalSwarm and the Center for Media and Democracy . See here for help on adding material to CoalSwarm.
Aberfan is a village four miles south of Merthyr Tydfil in Wales, England. The village is chiefly known because of the catastrophic collapse of a coal mining sludge spill that occurred there in 1966, known as the Aberfan Disaster, which killed 144 people, including 116 children. [1]
Contents
3.2 Related SourceWatch articles
Aberfan disaster
For approximately 50 years up to 1966, millions of cubic metres of excavated mining debris from the National Coal Board's Merthyr Vale Colliery was deposited on the side of Merthyr Mountain, directly above the village of Aberfan. Huge piles of loose rock and mining slag, known as tips, had been built up over a layer of highly porous sandstone that contained numerous underground springs, and several tips had been built up directly over these springs. Although local authorities had raised specific concerns in 1963 about slag being tipped on the mountain above the village primary school, these were largely ignored by the NCB's area management. [1]
Early on the morning of Friday 21 October 1966, after several days of heavy rain, a subsidence of about 3-6 metres occurred on the upper flank of coal waste tip No. 7. At 9:15am more than 150,000 cubic metres of water-saturated debris broke away and flowed downhill at high speed. It was sunny on the mountain but still foggy in the village, with visibility only about fifty metres. The tipping gang working on the mountain saw the landslide start, but were unable to raise the alarm because their telephone cable had been repeatedly stolen – although the official inquiry into the disaster later established that the slip happened so fast that a telephone warning would not have saved any lives. [1]
The front part of the mass became liquefied and moved down the slope at high speed as a series of viscous surges. 120,000 cubic metres of debris were deposited on the lower slopes of the mountain, but a mass of over 40,000 cubic metres of debris smashed into the village in a slurry 12 metres (40 feet) deep. [2]
The slide destroyed a farm and twenty terraced houses along Moy Road and slammed into the northern side of the Pantglas Junior School and part of the separate senior school, demolishing most of the structures and filling the classrooms with thick mud and rubble up to 10 metres (30 feet) deep. Mud and water from the slide flooded many other houses in the vicinity, forcing many villagers to evacuate their homes. [2]
The pupils of Pantglas Junior School had arrived only minutes earlier for the last day before the half-term holiday. They had just left the assembly hall, where they had been singing "All Things Bright and Beautiful", when a great noise was heard outside. Had they left for their classrooms a few minutes later from the assembly, the loss of life would have been significantly reduced, as the children would not have reached their classrooms when the landslide hit: the classrooms were on the side of the building nearest the landslide. [1]
Nobody in the village was able to see it, but everyone could hear the roar of the approaching landslide. Some at the school thought it was a jet about to crash and one teacher ordered his class to hide under their desks. Gaynor Minett, then an eight-year-old at the school, later recalled:
"It was a tremendous rumbling sound and all the school went dead. You could hear a pin drop. Everyone just froze in their seats. I just managed to get up and I reached the end of my desk when the sound got louder and nearer, until I could see the black out of the window. I can't remember any more but I woke up to find that a horrible nightmare had just begun in front of my eyes." [3]
After the landslide there was total silence. George Williams, who was trapped in the wreckage, remembered:
"In that silence you couldn't hear a bird or a child." [3]
Rescue efforts
After the main landslide stopped, frantic parents rushed to the scene and began digging through the rubble, some clawing at the debris with their bare hands, trying to uncover buried children. Police from Merthyr Tydfil arrived soon after and took charge of the search-and-rescue operations; as news spread hundreds of people drove to Aberfan to try and help but their efforts were largely in vain. A large amount of water and mud was still flowing down the slope, and the growing crowd of untrained volunteers further hampered the work of the trained rescue teams who were arriving. A few children were pulled out alive in the first hour, but no survivors were found after 11am that day. [1]
By the next day (Saturday) some 2000 emergency services workers and volunteers were on the scene, some of whom had worked continuously for more than 24 hours. Rescue work had to be temporarily halted during the day when water began pouring down the slope again, and because of the vast quantity and consistency of the slag it was nearly a week before all the bodies were recovered. [1]
Bethania Chapel, 250 metres from the disaster site, was used as the temporary mortuary and missing persons bureau from 21 October until 4 November 1966 and its vestry was used to house Red Cross volunteers and St John Ambulance stretcher-bearers. The smaller Aberfan Calvinistic Chapel was used as a second mortuary from 22-29 October and became the final resting-place for the victims before their funerals. [2]
Two doctors were charged with certifying the deaths and examining the bodies; the causes of death were typically found to be asphyxia, fractured skull or multiple crush injuries. A team of 400 embalmers arrived in Aberfan on Sunday and under police supervision they cleaned and prepared over 100 bodies and placed them in coffins obtained from South Wales, the English Midlands, Bristol and even Northern Ireland. The bodies were released to the families from the morning of Monday 24 October [2] . Because of the cramped conditions in the chapel/mortuary, parents could only be admitted one at a time to identify the bodies of their children. One mother later recalled being shown the bodies of almost every dead girl recovered from the school before identifying her own daughter. [1]
The final death toll was 144. In addition to five of their teachers, 116 of the dead were children between the ages of 7 and 10 – almost half of the children at the Pantglas Junior School. Most of the victims were interred at the Bryntaf Cemetery in Aberfan in a joint funeral held on 27 October 1966, attended by more than 2000 people. [4]
Actions of Lord Robens
The chairman of the National Coal Board (NCB) at the time of the disaster was Alfred Robens, Baron Robens of Woldingham. Robens had been a senior union official in the 1930s and then served as a Labour MP, briefly becoming Minister of Power in the dying days of the Clement Atlee Labour government. His actions immediately after the Aberfan disaster and in the years that followed have been the subject of considerable criticism. [5]
When word of the Aberfan disaster reached him, Robens did not immediately go to the scene; he instead went ahead with his investiture as chancellor of the University of Surrey, and did not arrive at the village until the evening of the following day (Saturday). NCB officers covered up for Robens when contacted by the Secretary of State for Wales, falsely claiming that Robens was personally directing relief work when in fact he was not present. [5]
When he eventually reached Aberfan, Robens told a TV reporter that nothing could have been done to prevent the slide, attributing it to 'natural unknown springs' beneath the tip, a statement which the locals knew to be false – the NCB had in fact been tipping on top of springs that were clearly marked on maps of the neighbourhood, and where villagers had played as children. [5]
Robens' actions in the period after the disaster (see below) further damaged his reputation – he refused to allow Coal Board funds to be used for the removal of the remaining tips above Aberfan, instead appropriating a substantial sum from the public disaster relief fund to pay for the work. [5]
The Davies Inquiry
On 26 October 1966, after resolutions by both Houses of Parliament, the Secretary of State for Wales appointed a Tribunal to inquire into the causes of and circumstances relating to the Aberfan disaster, chaired by respected Welsh barrister and Privy Councillor Lord Justice Edmund Davies . Before the tribunal began, the UK Attorney General imposed restrictions on speculation in the media about the causes of the disaster. [6]
The Tribunal sat for 76 days – the longest inquiry of its type in British history up to that time – interviewing 136 witnesses, examining 300 exhibits and hearing 2,500,000 words of evidence, which ranged from the history of mining in the area to the region's geological conditions. [6]
Lord Robens made a dramatic appearance the final days of the Tribunal to give evidence, at which point he conceded that the National Coal Board had been at fault; had this admission been made at the outset, much of the Tribunal's inquiry would have been unnecessary. [6]
The Tribunal retired to consider its verdict on 28 April 1967. Its damning report, published on 3 August, found that the blame for the disaster rested entirely with the National Coal Board, and that the basic cause was the NCB's "total absence of tipping policy". [6]
The report also noted that the NCB was "... following in the footsteps of their predecessors. They were not guided either by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Mines and Quarries or by legislation" and also found that there was "no legislation dealing with the safety of tips in force in this or any country, except in part of West Germany and in South Africa." [7]
" ...the Aberfan Disaster is a terrifying tale of bungling ineptitude by many men charged with tasks for which they were totally unfitted, of failure to heed clear warnings, and of total lack of direction from above. Not villains but decent men, led astray by foolishness or by ignorance or by both in combination, are responsible for what happened at Aberfan". [6]
"Blame for the disaster rests upon the National Coal Board. This is shared, though in varying degrees, among the NCB headquarters, the South Western Divisional Board, and certain individuals ... The legal liability of the NCB to pay compensation of the personal injuries, fatal or otherwise, and damage to property, is incontestable and uncontested." [7]
The specific cause of the collapse was found to have been a build-up of water in the pile; when a small slip occurred, the disturbance caused the saturated, fine material of the tip to liquefy and flow down the mountain. [7]
In 1958, the tip had been sited on a known stream (as shown on earlier Ordinance Survey maps) and had previously suffered several minor slips. Its instability was known both to colliery management and to tip workers but very little was done about it. Merthyr Tydfil Borough Council and the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain) were cleared of any wrongdoing. [7]
The Tribunal found that repeated warnings about the dangerous condition of the tip had been ignored, and that colliery engineers at all levels had concentrated only on conditions underground. In one passage, the Report noted:
"We found that many witnesses ... had been oblivious of what lay before their eyes. It did not enter their consciousness. They were like moles being asked about the habits of birds." [8]
The Tribunal also found that the tips had never been surveyed, and right up to the time of the landslide they were continuously being added to in a chaotic and unplanned manner. The disregard of the NCB and the colliery staff for the unstable geological conditions and its failure to act after previous smaller slides were found to have been major factors that contributed to the catastrophe. [7]
The NCB was ordered to pay compensation to the families at the rate of £500 per child. Nine senior NCB staff were named as having some degree of responsibility for the accident, but no NCB staff were ever demoted, sacked or prosecuted, and Lord Robens and the entire Board of the NCB retained their positions. [6]
Following the publication of the Report, Lord Robens wrote to the then Minister of Power, Richard Marsh, offering his resignation. Although Robens had a combative relationship with the government and several cabinet ministers argued strongly that he should go, in September 1967 the Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Marsh rejected Robens's resignation offer. [9] . According to Ronald Dearing, then a senior member of staff at the Ministry of Power, who briefed Marsh on the matter, the fact that Robens was "taking the coal industry through a period of painful contraction without big strikes" and the strong support for him within the coal industry and the union movement were crucial to the decision to retain him. [10]
Aftermath
The traumatic effects of the disaster on the town of Aberfan were wide-ranging and profound, as the moving first-hand accounts gathered by Iain McLean and Martin Johnes indicate. [11] . During the rescue operation, the shock and grief of parents and townspeople was exacerbated by the insensitive behaviour of the media – one unnamed rescue worker recalled hearing a press photographer tell a child to cry for her dead friends because it would make a good picture. [11]
Anger at the National Coal Board erupted during the inquest into the death of 30 of the children. The Merthyr Express reported that that there were shouts of "murderers" as children's names were read out. When one child's name was read out and the cause of death was given as asphyxia and multiple injuries, the father said "No, sir, buried alive by the National Coal Board". The coroner replied: "I know your grief is much that you may not be realising what you are saying" but the father repeated, "I want it recorded – ‘Buried alive by the National Coal Board.’ That is what I want to see on the record. That is the feeling of those present. Those are the words we want to go on the certificate." [11]
Aberfan's social worker later noted that many people in the village were on sedatives but did not take them when it was raining because they were afraid to go to sleep, and that surviving children did not close their bedroom doors for fear of being trapped. An Aberfan doctor reported that although an expected surge in heart attacks did not occur, the trauma of the disaster manifested itself in other ways – the birth rate went up, alcohol-related problems increased, as did health problems for those with pre-existing illnesses, and many parents suffered breakdowns over the next few years. [11]
Many suffered from the effects of guilt, such as parents who had sent children to school who did not want to go. Tensions arose between families who had lost children and those who had not. One of the surviving school children recalled that they didn’t go out to play for a long time because families who had lost children could not bear to see them, and they themselves felt guilty about the fact that they had survived. [11]
A study into the long-term psychological effects of the disaster was published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 2003. It found that half the survivors of the Aberfan disaster suffered from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at some time in their lives, that they were over three times more likely to have developed lifetime PTSD than a comparison group of individuals who had experienced other life-threatening traumas, and that 34% of survivors who took part in the study reported that they still experienced bad dreams or difficulty sleeping due to intrusive thoughts about the disaster. [12]
The Disaster Fund
The public demonstrated their sympathy by donating money, with little idea of how it would be spent. Donations flooded in to the appeal and within a few months, nearly 90,000 contributions had been received, totalling £1,606,929. The management of this fund caused considerable controversy over the years. Many aspects of the aftermath of the Aberfan Disaster remained hidden until 1997, when the British Public Records Office released previously embargoed documents under the 30-year rule. These documents revealed new information about the machinations of Lord Robens, the NCB and the Charity Commission in the wake of the Aberfan Disaster. [11]
At one point the Charity Commission planned to insist that before any payment was made to bereaved parents, each case should be reviewed to ascertain if the parents had been close to their children and were thus likely to be suffering mentally. At another meeting, the Commission threatened to remove the Trustees of the Disaster Fund or make a financial order against them if they went ahead with making grants to parents of children who had not been physically injured that day, and the Trustees were forced to abandon these payments. [13]
Although the Davies Report had found that the NCB's liability was "incontestable and uncontested" and it was widely felt that the NCB should have to bear the entire cost of removing the dangerous tips above Aberfan, Robens refused to pay the full cost, thereby putting the Trustees of the Disaster Fund under "intolerable pressure". Robens then "raided" UK£150,000 from the Fund to cover the cost of removing the tips – an action which was "unquestionably unlawful" under charity law – and the Charity Commission took no action to protect the Fund from Robens' dubious appropriation of funds. [14]
Today there is still an important part of this fund still alive and running. The Disaster Committee set up a fund to help students. This at least means that the good work of the Committee is still available for students from the village or for children whose parents were living in Aberfan at the time of the disaster. [11]
New legislation
As a result of the concerns raised by the Aberfan disaster, and in line with Finding XVII of the Davies Report, in 1969 the British government framed new legislation to remedy the absence of laws and regulations governing mine and quarry waste tips and spoil heaps. The Mines and Quarries (Tips) Act 1969 was designed "to make further provision in relation to tips associated with mines and quarries; to prevent disused tips constituting a danger to members of the public; and for purposes connected with those matters". [2]
The new Act was an extension of the earlier The Mines and Quarries Act 1954. As the Davies Tribunal had found, this Act did not mention tips at all in its provisions – in fact, the only reference to public safety in that Act was a section dealing with fencing abandoned or disused mines and quarries to prevent people falling into them. Moreover, under the terms of the 1954 Act, the Aberfan disaster was not even required to be formally reported to HM Inspectorate of Mines and Quarries because it did not take place on colliery property and no mine workers had been injured or killed. [15]
Recent events
In 1997 the incoming Blair Labour government paid back the £150,000 to the Disaster Fund – although taking account of inflation the amount repaid should have been nearly £2 million. [16]
In 2005 Imperial Tobacco settled out of court to end a wrongful dismissal suit brought against the company by Aberfan survivor Janice Evans, who had been employed by IT's Rizla cigarette paper factory near Pontypridd. Evans had been sacked after she refused to continue working night shifts, alleging that it had brought on flashbacks of her ordeal in 1966, when she had been buried waist-deep in the landslide while walking to school. Although Evans survived, a friend who had been walking with her was killed. [17]
In February 2007 the Welsh Assembly announced the donation of £2 million to the Aberfan Disaster Memorial Fund, in part as recompense for the money requisitioned by the government in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. [16]
Songs
"The Aberfan Coal Tip Tragedy" by Thom Parrott, included on the Smithsonian Folkways CD set "Best of Broadside." Also recorded by Danish folk group Paddy Doyle’s.
The Bee Gees’ single "New York Mining Disaster 1941" — despite its misleading title, aimed at selling the record in America — is a moving response to the Aberfan disaster.
"Aberfan" by David Ackles, included on his album Five and Dime.
"Palaces of Gold" by Leon Rosselson references the Aberfan tragedy. It has been recorded by, among others, Martin Carthy.
"Aberfan" by Rhys Morgan (whose father was one of the men who helped digging).
In literature Ian McEwan lets his protagonist in the novel Saturday refer to the Aberfan Disaster as the decisive reason he does not believe in Fate or God.
Resources
References
| i don't know |
St Luke’s Summer is a name given to exceptionally warm weather in which month? | | What is an Indian Summer? « Woolly Green
What is an Indian Summer?
Sunday, September 15, 2013 @ 07:09 AM
It has been a great summer, so when a little chat came about with Woolly friend @stretchHose wondering whether last week’s warm weather constituted an ‘Indian’ summer, or whether we should look forward to one, we didn’t actually really know.
A little Woolly rummaging required.
First of all, when is it? The Meteorological Glossary defines it thus: “A warm, calm spell of weather occurring in autumn, especially in October and November.” But that doesn’t necessarily preclude September.
It so happens, that the origin of term ‘Indian Summer’ is actually American, referring to a spell of warm weather coming after the first damaging frost of autumn , known as the ‘Squaw Winter’.
As a matter of fact, the term ‘Indian Summer’ has only become commonly used in the UK since the 1950s, but, before that, we had a few names for a late spell of warm weather all of our own.
Shakespeare referred to the “All Halloween Summer” in Henry IV part I, describing warm weather at the end of October and the dawn of November. (Of course you remembered that didn’t you?!) Later, there were a variety of names given to a late summer, all related to whatever the feast day of the church was at the time. For example, it would have been called ‘St Luke’s Little Summer’ as the feast day of St Luke falls on 18 October, while in mid-November it would be ‘St Martin’s Summer’ as St Martin’s feast day is 11 November.
I like this idea, so instead of wondering whether we’re going to have an ‘Indian Summer’ and what it is anyway, we could be looking forward to ‘St Martin’s Summer’ as late as mid-November
And it’s great to know that the squaw’s definitely the boss!
Image from http://www.pinterest.com/pin/192740059026143928/ wallpaperus.com
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| October |
What name is given to the individual prongs on a fork? | Some Singularities and Irregularities in the Seasonal Progression of the 700 mb Height Field
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: A climatological investigation of singularities in the seasonal progression of 5-day means of 700 mb height was undertaken for the region 30-90°N, from 160°E eastward to 0°, for the period 1947-76. A harmonic analysis was performed at each of the 127 gridpoints (10° longitude by 10° latitude spacing) in order to determine the field of deviations (for each 5-day period) between the long-term mean value and the first harmonic value (which represents the smooth seasonal progression of heights). The Students's t-test was applied at each gridpoint to test whether the long-term (population) mean is significantly different from the first harmonic value (i.e., to test if the deviation is zero). The significance of the field of t-statistics for each 5-day period was estimated using a modification of the technique presented by Livezey and Chen (1981).The results of the analyses described above indicate that the 700 mb height field deviates significantly from the first harmonic during several times of the year. A pattern characterized by height rises centered over Alaska from late December through late January is terminated abruptly by the January thaw. In late February, a regional singularity (manifasted as rapid height rises), perhaps related to the termination of the February minimum in Hawaiian rainfall, is found in the eastern Pacific. The `end of winter' in the eastern North Pacific is heralded by a very rapid northward shift of the westerlies from late February through early March.During the spring, the rapid rise of heights experienced in most regions is interrupted by a southward advance and strengthening of the westerlies in the eastern Pacific during late May and June. During summer, heights over most of the domain rise to `excessively high' values relative to the first harmonic; the only exception is significantly negative deviations in eastern North America. This phenomenon results in the most deviant 5-day period (29 July-2 August) in terms of percentage of map area (50.1%) having significantly non-zero deviations.An Indian summer type pattern, characterized by weak positive deviations over most of North America and negative deviations in polar regions, persists from late September through October. This pattern exhibits the greatest persistence, between successive 5-day periods, of all the singularities found.Examination of the second harmonic of 5-day 700 mb heights suggests the existence of a semi-annual, cast-west oscillation of height in the North Pacific. This phenomenon seems to explain, to a large extent, most of the singularities and irregularities described above. At two of the four extrema are found the `January thaw' and `Indian Summer.' A six-month periodicity in (monthly) North Pacific and sea surface temperature (SST), in phase with the atmospheric oscillation was also found. It is speculated that the apparent association between these two phenomena is due to advection of long-term mean SST's by long-term mean-wind-induced surface currents as proposed by Weare et al. (1976).
Full-text · Article · May 1983
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The national flower of Sweden is Convollaria. What is its common name? | Muguet | Article about Muguet by The Free Dictionary
Muguet | Article about Muguet by The Free Dictionary
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Muguet
Related to Muguet: lily of the valley
lily of the valley,
common name for either of the two species of Convallaria, spring-blooming perennials of the family Liliaceae ( lily lily,
common name for the Liliaceae, a plant family numbering several thousand species of as many as 300 genera, widely distributed over the earth and particularly abundant in warm temperate and tropical regions.
..... Click the link for more information. family). C. majalis, the species usually in cultivation, is native to Eurasia; C. montana, a slightly larger plant, grows in the Appalachian Mts. Lilies of the valley live in shady places and have delicate bell-shaped, fragrant white flowers growing on a stalk between two shiny leaves. The plant was long used medicinally for cardiac disorders and contains poisonous substances. It is a symbol of humility in religious painting. Lily of the valley is classified in the division Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta
, division of the plant kingdom consisting of those organisms commonly called the flowering plants, or angiosperms. The angiosperms have leaves, stems, and roots, and vascular, or conducting, tissue (xylem and phloem).
..... Click the link for more information. , class Liliopsida, order Liliales, family Liliaceae.
Lily of the Valley
(Convallaria), a genus of plants of the family Liliaceae. There is one species, C. majalis, with several varieties or subspecies, which are sometimes classified as independent species. The lily of the valley is an herbaceous perennial with a horizontal rootstock and two or three oblong-oval, pointed leaves with long petioles. The flower stalk, up to 20 cm tall, has a secund loose raceme of white, fragrant, bell-shaped, drooping flowers; the perianth has six lobes. The fruit is a spherical red berry. Lilies of the valley are widely found in the European USSR, the Caucasus, Eastern Siberia, and the Far East, as well as in Western Europe and North America. They grow profusely in light forests, on forest edges, and in shrub thickets.
The species C. majalis is used as a medicinal plant. Its above-ground parts contain cardiac glycosides (chiefly convallatoxin and convallarin), which intensify the contractile activity of the heart. An infusion of the plant is used, as well as the crystalline glycoside convallotoxin and corglykon, an extract containing all the glycosides of the lily of the valley. It is cultivated as an ornamental, chiefly for forcing, but also in gardens and parks. Cultivated forms of C. majalis are large and multiflowered. Some varieties have pinkish or double flowers, and some have mottled leaves.
O. M. P
| Lily of the valley |
In Gustav Holst’s “Planet Suite”, which planet is the bringer of peace? | convallaria majalis Lily Of The Valley, European lily of the valley PFAF Plant Database
Bloom Color: White. Main Bloom Time: Late spring, Mid spring. Form: Spreading or horizontal.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:390_Convallaria_majalis.jpg
Physical Characteristics
convallaria majalis is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.2 m (0ft 8in) by 0.3 m (1ft) at a fast rate.
It is hardy to zone (UK) 3 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from May to June, and the seeds ripen in October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, flies, self.The plant is self-fertile.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay and nutritionally poor soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry moist or wet soil.
Synonyms
Convallaria bracteata. Convallaria fragrans. Convallaria latifolia. Polygonatum majale.
Habitats
Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge; not Deep Shade; Ground Cover; Bog Garden;
Edible Uses
A wine can be prepared from the flowers, mixed with raisins[183].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Laxative ; Poultice ; Sedative .
Lily of the valley has a long and proven reputation in herbal medicine in the treatment of heart complaints. It contains the glycosides convallarin and convallamarin which are powerful cardiac tonics and diuretics and are also used in allopathic medicine[244]. However, because of the plants potential toxic properties it should never be used without expert advice[9]. All parts of the plant are antispasmodic, cardiotonic, strongly diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, laxative and sedative[4, 7, 9, 21, 46, 165, 222, 254]. The plant is usually harvested when in flower and can be dried for later use[4], though it is stronger acting when fresh[238]. The inflorescence is said to be the most active medicinally and is often harvested separately[4]. An infusion of the flowers and roots is a digitalis substitute (obtained from Digitalis species), though less powerful, that is especially useful in the treatment of valvula heart diseases, cardiac debility, dropsy and chronic lung problems such as emphysema[4, 222, 254]. Lily of the valley encourages the heart to beat more slowly, regularly and efficiently, at the same time it is strongly diuretic, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure[254]. Its effect is less cumulative than digitalis which makes it safer for elderly patients[238]. It is often prescribed combined with the fruits of Crataegus spp[238]. An ointment made from the roots is used in the treatment of burns and to prevent scar tissue[222]. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Convallaria majalis : Lily Of The Valley for arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency, nervous heart complaints (see [302] for critics of commission E).
Other Uses
Dye ; Essential .
An essential oil is obtained from the flowers[46, 171]. It is used in perfumery and for snuff[238]. A green dye is obtained from the leaves in spring[13, 14, 115]. A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves in autumn[14]. Plants can be grown as a ground cover in woodland shade or in a shrubbery[200, 208]. As a garden ornamental it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Cultivation details
Landscape Uses:Border, Container, Erosion control, Ground cover, Massing, Specimen, Woodland. garden Succeeds in almost any situation, including the dense dry shade of large trees[1, 4, 24]. Prefers a position in semi-shade in a moderately fertile well-drained moist woodland soil[200, 208]. Grows well in heavy clay, sand or chalky soils[208]. Dislikes pure clay soils and boggy sites[233]. Plants are hardy to -20°c or lower[200]. A polymorphic species[200]. It is a very ornamental plant, though it can become very invasive once it is established[28]. Plants can take a couple of years to become established[208]. There are several named varieties, selected for their ornamental value[233]. The flowers are sweetly scented[245]. Lily of the valley is occasionally cultivated as a medicinal plant for herbalists and allopaths. Plants seem to be immune to the predations of rabbits[233]. A good bee plant[4]. Special Features: Not North American native, Naturalizing, All or parts of this plant are poisonous, Suitable for cut flowers, Fragrant flowers.
Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe, otherwise in late winter, in a cold frame[164]. Germination, particularly of stored seed can be very slow, taking 2 - 12 months or more at 15°c[164]. Sow the seed thinly so that the seedlings can be allowed to grow on undisturbed in the pot for their first year. Apply a liquid feed during the growing season to ensure that the seedlings are well fed. Divide the young plants into individual pots when they die down in late summer and grow them on in pots in a shady position in a cold frame for at least another year before planting them out into their permanent positions when they are dormant[K]. Division in September[111]. Very easy, larger clumps can be replanted direct into their permanent positions, though it is best to pot up smaller clumps and grow them on in a cold frame until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the spring.
Other Names
European lily of the valley, lily-of-the-valley
Found In
Native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere in Asia, and Europe. In Europe it it largely avoids the Mediterranean and Atlantic margins. Convallaria majalis var. manschurica occurs in Japan and parts of eastern Asia. Convallaria majalis var. montana occurs in the Eastern United States.
Weed Potential
Right plant wrong place. We are currently updating this section. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so it’s worth checking.
This plant can be weedy or invasive.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed.
Related Plants
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Former international football manager Mick McCarthy now manages which Football League team? | Ipswich Town unveil Mick McCarthy as new manager - Daily Record
Sport
Ipswich Town unveil Mick McCarthy as new manager
McCARTHY'S appointment will ease worries of Inverness Caledonian Thistle fans who feared Terry Butcher may have been tempted away from the Highlands by his former club.
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MICK McCARTHY has been named the new manager of struggling Ipswich Town.
The former Celtic defender and Republic of Ireland manager has signed a contract to keep him at Portman Road until the summer of 2015, the club confirmed on their official website.
His appointment will ease worries of Inverness Caledonian Thistle fans who feared Terry Butcher may have been tempted away from the Highlands by his former club.
Terry Connor has been named as McCarthy's assistant after the pair worked together at Wolves.
McCarthy, 53, who parted company with the Molineux side in February after six years in charge, told Ipswich's official website: "I'm obviously delighted to have been given the job as Ipswich Town manager and I'm looking forward to the challenge ahead.
"It's a fantastic football club with a proud tradition and history and a terrific fanbase. While the long-term ambition is to take the club back into the Premier League, it's clear that the first priority is to get some confidence back into the team and start climbing the table."
Town chief executive Simon Clegg said: "I am delighted to welcome Mick and Terry to Portman Road.
"We are under no illusions of the challenge ahead for this club given our position in the table but we feel we have the right manager to lead that challenge.
"Mick has a wealth of knowledge in the game and has shown that he knows how to compete successfully in the Championship in his time at both Sunderland and Wolves.
"While the first task is to guide the club away from our current position, we believe Mick has all the credentials and drive to eventually bring success back to Ipswich Town."
Having played for Barnsley, Manchester City, Celtic and French club Lyon, it was at Millwall where McCarthy's managerial career began.
He was appointed Republic of Ireland boss in 1996, leading them to the World Cup finals in 2002.
McCarthy has a wealth of experience in the Championship having won the title with Sunderland and then Wolves, although Wanderers were firmly lodged in the Barclays Premier League relegation zone when he left earlier this year.
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| Ipswich Town F.C. |
Marvel Comics’ character Tony Stark is the alter-ego of which superhero? | Ipswich Town FC Staff Profiles
Ipswich Town FC Staff Profiles
A look at the backroom staff here at Ipswich Town FC
Mick McCarthy
Manager
Current manager of Ipswich Town who arrived at Portman Road in November 2012, replacing previous boss Paul Jewell. Mick is vastly experienced in the game after taking in successful spells in charge of Millwall, Sunderland and Wolves, leading the latter two into the Premier League as Championship winners. The Republic of Ireland international has also had a spell as manager of his country, helping the Green Army qualify for the World Cup where they were narrowly beaten on penalties by Spain in the knockout stages. Recently agreed a new contract at Portman Road to keep him at Town until 2018, along with assistant, Terry Connor.
Terry Connor
Assistant Manager
Right-hand man to Mick McCarthy who arrived at the Club on the same day as Mick. Worked alongside the current Town boss at Wolves, before then taking over at Molinuex as manager following Mick's departure until the end of the season. Was unable to prevent the Midlanders from dropping out of the Premier League but remained on the coaching staff at Wolves, before departing shortly after the following season began. Linked up with Mick again at Portman Road in November 2012 and has established himself as a popular figure with both the players, staff and fans-alike.
Dave Bowman
Director of Football
Trusted aide to boss Mick McCarthy, having worked with the Town boss at Sunderland and Wolves in the past. Dave, who worked as a chief scout for Mick previously, will again work closely with the scouting system currently in place at Town and oversee operations on that front.
Malcolm Webster
Goalkeeper Coach
No stranger to life at Portman Road, having worked under former Town bosses George Burley and Joe Royle. Malcolm returned to the Club two seasons ago and is solely responsible for the training of the Town 'keepers. A well respected figure in the game, Malcolm has also had coaching spells at Derby, Southampton, Crystal Palace and Hearts amongst others.
Andy Liddell
Fitness Coach
Former midfielder for Barnsley (who he helped win promotion to the Premier League), Wigan, Sheffield United, Oldham and Rotherham, before hanging up his boots in 2010. Lidds previously played under Paul Jewell at Wigan and the former Town boss wasted little time in recruiting Andy as Blues' fitness coach. Andy is responsible for ensuring that the Town squad maintain their peak fitness levels throughout the season and can be seen putting the players through their paces in the warm-up before matches.
Will Stephenson
Head of Performance Analysis
Performance Analyst who was promoted from the U21s to the first-team in the summer prior to the beginning of the 2016/17 season. Will is responsible for providing the coaching staff with prozone stats and regularly assists the backroom staff to analyse the opposition.
Gerard Nash
U23 Manager
Former Town player whose career had to be cut short due to a number of injuries. Gerard was promoted to U23 manager following the departure of Mark Kennedy having formerly been in charge of the U18 side. A highly respected coach who will oversee the development of the youngsters closest to Town's first-team.
Matt Byard
Head Physio
Town's Head Physio who is always first on the scene whenever a Blues player goes down with an injury. Matt has held the role for sometime now and is an integral part of Mick's backroom staff here at Portman Road.
Alex Chapman
Assistant Head Physio
Working alongside Town's Head Physio Matt Byard, Alex is first on the scene to treat the players when they pick up any form of injury. Alex works with the first-team squad, after joining the backroom staff from a similar position in the Town Academy.
James Pullen
Kitman
Former Town goalkeeper who is now working as part of the backroom staff at Portman Road as kitman. He manages all of the equipment and kit for the Blues on matchdays and works closely with Academy kitman, Ken Goody. Has the nickname 'Horse' around the Club after running the London marathon dressed as ITFC mascot, Crazee!
Bryan Klug
Academy Director
Returned to Portman Road prior to the start of the 2012/13 season to head up the Town Academy. Bryan is a well respected figure around the Club having previously helped the Town youngsters win the FA Youth Cup in 2005, and later going on to assist former boss Jim Magilton, before leaving the Club under Roy Keane's reign. Bryan returned to Suffolk following a spell working at Tottenham Hotspur.
Lee O'Neill
Assistant Academy Manager/Head of Sports Science
Lee has worked at the Club for a number of years and now closely works with Bryan Klug in the day-to-day running of the Academy at Playford Road. Has a background is in sports science and he regularly assists in that department.
Alan Lee
U18s Lead Professional Development Coach
A former Town player, Alan finished his career as a player/coach at Portman Road before moving into a new role of U18 manager at the beginning of the 2016/17 season following the departure of Mark Kennedy and the subsequent promotion of Gerard Nash to the U21 boss. As well as his time at Town, Alan also had spells as a player with Burnley, Rotherham, Cardiff, Crystal Palace, Huddersfield, and a handful of loans with different clubs.
Chris Hogg
U18s Assistant Lead Professional Coach
Chris, a former professional footballer, took up the role as Alan Lee's assistant for the U18 side at the beginning of the 2016/17 season having worked with younger age groups in the Academy for a handful of years prior to taking this full-time role in the Academy.
Darren Smith
Head of Academy Goalkeeping
A coach with a solid background in goalkeeping, Darren has been an integral part of the Academy coaching staff for a number of years at Playford Road. Works with first-team 'keeper coach Malcolm Webster in bringing young goalkeepers into first-team plans.
Scott Mitchell
Head of Academy Performance Analysis
As head of the Academy analysis team, Scott dissects the performances of Town's U23 side and also works alongside U18 analyst George Buckley. Scott has worked in the Academy for a handful of years now, and moved into the position of Head of Academy Performance Analysis at the start of the 2016/17 season.
Matthew Clarke
Head of Education and Welfare
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Which Italian artist painted “The Stonemason’s Yard”? | Canaletto | The Stonemason's Yard | NG127 | National Gallery, London
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The Stonemason's Yard
More paintings in this room
'The Stonemason's Yard' is considered one of Canaletto's finest works. The view is one across the Campo (small square) S. Vidal, looking over the Grand Canal to the church of S. Maria della Carità (Saint Mary of Charity). The square has been temporarily transformed into a workshop for repairing the nearby church (not seen in the picture) of S. Vidal. The blocks of Istrian stone were brought by water to the square. The 'campanile' (bell-tower) of the church of S. Maria della Carità on the far side of the Grand Canal collapsed in 1744, after the painting was made, and was not rebuilt.
The painting is not precisely datable but the bold composition , the densely applied paint and the careful execution of the figures are characteristic of Canaletto's works of the mid- to late 1720s. The informal nature of the scene and the unusual view across the Grand Canal suggest that it was made for a local Venetian patron rather than a foreign visitor to Venice.
This picture was presented by Sir George Beaumont in 1823/8.
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| Canaletto |
Which rock drummer had a 1985 solo hit with “The Boys of Summer”? | Canaletto, Stonemason's Yard - ColourLex
ColourLex
Size: 123.8 x 162.9 cm
Art period: Rococo
Inventory number: NG127
Quote from the catalog of the exhibition “Canaletto” at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1989-90 (2):
“Venice is relatively little changed since the eighteenth century, but many
who look at this famous picture will find that at first sight its subject seems
unfamiliar. The viewpoint is from Campo S. Vitale – or S. Vidal – looking
across the Grand Canal to the church and scuola of Sta. Maria della Carita.
The church was secularized in Napoleonic times and the complex is now
mainly occupied by the galleries of the Accademia. The facade of the church,
only the top of which can be seen in this picture, is shown in its entirety in
one of Stefano Conti’s paintings (cat. no. u), and some of the crockets visible
in the earlier view are missing from this one. The campanile (tower) of the Carita
toppled in the 1740s. The entrance to what was then the scuola and is now
the museum was replaced later in the eighteenth century, and the building
adjoining it to the right was torn down. The Accademia bridge now spans
the canal at this point. The house at the left was destroyed to make way for
the garden of Palazzo Franchetti, or Cavalli. The houses to the right and the
wellhead can still be identified, and the bell tower in the background to
the right of center is that of S. Trovaso.
There is no record as to how the picture acquired the title by which it is
universally known, and it is unlikely that there was ever a stone yard in the
campo: probably the stone that is shown there was used for the rebuilding
of the church of S. Vitale.”
References
(1) Bomford, D., Roy, A. ‘Canaletto’s “Stonemason’s Yard” and “San Simeone Piccolo”‘. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14, pp 34–41. Buy this book at: Amazon US
, Amazon DE
.
(2) Katharine Baetjer, J. G. Links, Canaletto, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 1989, pp. 142-144. Buy this book at: Amazon US
, Amazon DE
.
The following pigment analysis is based on the technical examination of the painting at the National Gallery London (1).
1 Blue sky: Prussian blue mixed with lead white painted over a cool gray underlayer consisting of lead white and charcoal black
2 Grass: green earth , Naples yellow , yellow ochre and a little lead white
3 Water in the canal: green earth combined with a little white and with variable amounts of Prussian blue
4 Yellow-brownish coat of the stonemason: pure Naples yellow
5 Terracotta coloured facade of the building: lead white, red ochre, orange ochre, Naples yellow, red lake and some black.
References
( 1 ) Bomford, D., Roy, A. ‘Canaletto’s “Stonemason’s Yard” and “San Simeone Piccolo”‘. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14, pp 34–41. Buy this book at: Amazon US
, Amazon DE
.
The painting shows a view from Campo San Vidal over the Canale Grande at the Church and Scuola Santa Maria della Càrita.
Click on the image to view the actual Google map
The Church tower (campanile) visible in Canaletto’s ‘The Stonemason’s Yard‘ collapsed in 1741. The Church Santa Maria della Càrita itself is being used as an art gallery ( Gallerie dell’Accademia ) showing paintings by Titian, Bellini, Giorgone, Tintoretto and also Canaletto. The stone mason’s yard shown in the painting was most probably not a permanent installation in Canaletto’s time but a part of the building site during the restauration of the Church of San Vidal. The bridge crossing the Canal visible in the contemporary map is new (1).
References
( 1 ) Bomford, D., Roy, A. ‘Canaletto’s “Stonemason’s Yard” and “San Simeone Piccolo”‘. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14, pp 34–41.
( 1 ) Bomford, D., Roy, A. ‘Canaletto’s “Stonemason’s Yard” and “San Simeone Piccolo”‘. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14, pp 34–41. Buy this book at: Amazon US
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Which German battle cruiser was sunk in the battle of the North Cape in December 1942? | Russian Convoys, Battle of the North Cape
World War 2 at Sea
10. December 1942-December 1943, including BATTLE of NORTH CAPE, Part 1 of 2
German battlecruiser Scharnhorst in 1939. Sunk in the Battle of North Cape (Maritime Quest, click to enlarge)
| Gerhard von Scharnhorst |
What name did the Gilbert islands adopt upon gaining independence? | 26th December 1943: The Scharnhorst is sunk at Battle of North Cape
1943
The Scharnhorst is sunk in ‘Battle of the North Cape’
The Scharnhorst at her commissioning in 1939, smaller than the Bismarck class, she was classified as a ‘pocket’ battleship or battlecruiser.
Hitler had become disillusioned by his navy. Before the war the Kriegsmarine had had ambitious plans for a surface fleet with impressive capital ships. The building programme had produced the Bismarck, the Tirpitz and a number of smaller ‘pocket’ battleships. The Germans had a powerful ships – yet not so overwhelming a force that they could not be contained by the Royal Navy.
And the only real use Hitler had for his warships was as surface raiders that could sink merchant shipping. The demise of the Bismarck had demonstrated how hopeless they were in this role – the German ships were so big and such a threat that they were closely monitored by the Royal Navy, who would put to sea in force to sink them whenever they ventured out.
And so it happened again. Goaded by Hitlers latest rage about the uselessness of his navy the ‘pocket’ battleship the Scharnhorst had been sent out to do her worst. On Christmas Day 1943, the Scharnhorst and several destroyers sailed out from Norway to attack Russia bound Arctic convoys.
By this time the British were easily reading German radio traffic so no such attack could be a surprise. In fact the Royal Navy were actively awaiting it and had two strong forces ready to attack, one sailing from Murmansk and the other from Scapa Flow in Scotland, including the battleship HMS Duke of York – ‘the Duke’. Ever since the sinking of HMS Glorious in 1940 they had a score to settle. There had also been the embarrassing debacle of the ‘Channel Dash’ in 1942.
It was going to need the combined firepower of several ships to sink the Scharnhorst, a battle that was fought amidst snow storms in the freezing seas north of Norway, played out in the twilight world of a Boxing Day afternoon.
Ernest Reeds was on board the heavy cruiser HMS Belfast:
14:00 a message was received from the Duke which read “We are closing in on the Scharnhorst and our combined speed is 53 knots and are expecting to open fire in an hours time”.
14:27 We sighted “Scharnhorst” on the horizon and opened up with Starshell followed by 6” tracer. We fired 203 rounds of 6” and salvos from Scharnhorst fell just astern. Again she altered course and this time she almost got away. She would have done had not the Destroyers gone in and attacked with torpedo’s – 3 of which scored direct hits. In the attack the Destroyers were travelling at 38 knots. That slowed the Scharnhorst down to 24 knots and gave the “Duke” and “Jamaica” a chance to close in on her.
18:15 “Scharnhorst” is now 15 miles ahead and the “Duke” and “Jamaica” are to our Starboard.
18:50 We opened fire again with Starshell and 6” firing to the port side. Our speed is over 32 knots and waves are breaking over continuous still making it hell but no-one takes much notice of it.
19:00 “Scharnhorst” is in sight and the Duke and her have started firing main armament.
19:05 “Scharnhorst” on our starboard beam and we fire again at a very long range.
19:10 Speed is now 34 knots.
19:14 “Scharnhorst” fires at us and her shells fall just ahead. We cant fire back as the range is too great for us.
19:16 “Duke of York” and “Scharnhorst” start firing at each other and Starshell lights them both up in the distance.
19:35 We are steering S.E. with the “Scharnhorst” on our Port bow and the “Duke” 10 miles ahead. The three cruisers are in line ahead astern of the battleships.
19:50 Course 140°. The “Duke” is between the “Scharnhorst” and her base and we are covering her from the North. She hasn’t much hopes. Our speed has been reduced to 31 knots and the “Sheffield” has dropped back owing to trouble with her propeller shaft.
The view from the bridge of the Royal Navy cruiser HMS SHEFFIELD as she battles heavy seas while escorting convoy JW 53 to Russia, February 1943. The ship suffered severe structural damage during three days of storms and had to return to port for repairs.
20:00 “Scharnhorst” has decreased speed to 21 knots.
20:05 “Scharnhorst” is going ahead of the “Duke” at a distance of 13 miles and they are still exchanging salvos with occasional Starshell for illumination.
20:25 We have gained the speed of 34 knots on a course 060°.
20:45 Position still the same and the 2 battleships are still firing but it is probably blind as it is now total darkness. “Scharnhorst” has altered course to the East.
20:50 “Scharnhorst” is firing close range as the Destroyers have gone in again to attack. One of the destroyers got hit and received damage and 20 men killed.
20:59 “Duke of York” ceases fire because the Destroyers are in – “Scharnhorst” is on our Starboard beam.
21:05 Our speed has dropped to 31 knots.
21:06 “Duke of York” firing again and gives orders to “Jamaica” to go in and attack with torpedoes
21:10 Duke of York ceases fire.
21:15 “Scharnhorst” is on fire and is almost at a standstill. “Jamaica” fired 3 torpedo’s at her but were all misses.
21:20 The Admiral has volunteered to go in and torpedo the Scharnhorst and the C in C says alright. She is well on fire but still firing hard. Our own speed is 28.5.
21:30 Fired 3 torpedo’s out of Starboard tubes and scored hits with two of them. They are still fighting but they have dropped back to her 6” and 4”.
The Sinking of the ‘Scharnhorst’, 26 December 1943
by Charles David Cobb
For the whole of Ernest Reeds account see BBC People’s War .
Lieutenant A.G.F. Ditcham was on one the destroyers, HMS Scorpion, that disabled Scharnhorst. His memoir reconstructs the whole battle and describes how the Scharnhorst was caught between two intersecting sets of torpedoes fired by the Destroyers. They were then able to watch the end of the battle:
We described a circle and followed Scharnhorst at about 3 miles, going much slower now. We were thus able to watch as Duke of York came up, reducing speed and at 1901 fired a broadside at an easy target. It was an awe-inspiring sight. At five miles, the trajectory was comparatively flat and the 14 inch ‘tracer’ shells leaped across the sea and all of them appeared to smash into her in a colossal explosion. Some of them may have gone over and hit the sea some miles further on, but they were not visible.
She continued to dish out this punishment in a series of broadsides and Scharnhorst became a burning shambles.
One of the 36 survivors (out of 1980) was the messenger to the Gunnery Officer at the top of the superstructure. He told me that when the shells hit, the order was broadcast:
‘Damage control parties to such & such position’.
The men would dutifully appear, more shells would arrive and ‘bits of them’ would go up past him in the gunnery tower.
Also an interesting account of deciphering the Scharnhorst’s last message at Crytocellar.
Gun crews of HMS DUKE OF YORK under the ship’s 14 inch guns at Scapa Flow after the sinking of the German warship, the SCHARNHORST on 26 December 1943. The Sub-Lieutenant standing on the right is probably Henry Leach (later Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Leach GCB DL) .
Getting ready for sea again, Norwegian sailors overhauling new torpedoes on board the Norwegian destroyer KNM STORD back after her part in the sinking of the SCHARNHORST.
Torpedomen of HMS JAMAICA who finally dispatched the SCHARNHORST. Right to left: Petty Officer J O Mahoney, of Middleton, Co Cork, J Beck, of Wakefield, R Polkinghorne, of Hayle Cornwall, S Bell, of Thornaby, Yorkshire and an unidentified man at Scapa Flow after the sinking of the German warship on 26 December 1943. The men are still wearing their anti flash gear.
Blindfolded survivors from the German battleship Scharnhorst at Scarpa Flow. They are wearing merchant seaman rescue kit and are walking down a gang-plank on their way to internment.
2 January 1944
Marcus McCaffrey November 17, 2016 at 2:45 pm
My Grandfather, James Duncan, was the Chief Engine Room Artificer on board the Norfolk during the Scharnhorst action. He was wounded quite badly when the Norfolk was hit in the engine room but managed to save a fellow sailor in one of the flooded gun magazines, and with his team, repair one of the naval guns and restore power to the ship. Like many other accounts, he was very sad to watch the Scharnhorst sink and witness all those lives lost. He spent a couple of months in hospital after the action but was able to collect his Distinguished Service Medal for his part in the Scharnhorst action from George V in March 1944. Coincidentally, before the war he was a marine engineer at Harland and Wolff constructing HMS Belfast whom he fought alongside on that day in 1943. In 2013, we were very lucky to spend a day on the Belfast where he was finally presented his Arctic Star by the Royal Navy. He died soon afterwards but we feel very fortunate to have many of his documents and photographs from the period.
Daniel Willemsen September 28, 2016 at 4:55 pm
I’m the grandson of a scharnhorst-survivor… Is there anyone out there who knows a person which met my grandfather “Paul Julius Willemsen”? I would like to know more about this man and how his character was.. I would be very thankful..
Glen Schofield May 3, 2016 at 12:34 pm
My uncle Peter Ross was the sight setter in the 5.25 S2 gun He still lives in New Zealand where he went to after his discharge at the end of the war. He wrote a story on his life on the Duke of York which i have a copy. It is very good reading and must have been a very hard life the time he was there.He was sent to John Browns ship yard to join the DOY on September 3rd 1941. He left the DOY in Sydney after being in Tokyo Bay for the signing of the peace treaty with Japan.
Giles Powell February 23, 2016 at 12:43 am
My father, Lt Commander Selwyn Powell was secretary to Admiral Bruce Fraser, and on the bridge of the Duke of York. During the battle he kept notes of the action, especially the number of shells fired, so worked alongside Lt Commander Kenneth Cobley DSC.
Richard Archer February 6, 2016 at 1:11 pm
My Grandfather Stanley Archer was a deep-sea diver/’gun aimer’ on the Norfolk. My aunt remembers hearing the news that the Norfolk had been hit by going up to Mount Wise in Plymouth. My Grandfather survived the attack but others did not. He never really talked out the experience, although my father said his greatest fear later in life was about dying alone in the dark at sea.
Bill Pointer November 12, 2015 at 10:10 am
My uncle William Lynch was Chief Stoker on board HMS Norfolk on 26th December
1943. He sustaind serious injuries one of the shell from the Scharnhorst hit below decks. He was “discharged dead” 29th December 1943. Christines father and my uncle must have served together. [email protected]
Ros Johnstone August 13, 2015 at 9:15 am
My father was the navigator on the Belfast. He was given a DSC for his work in helping Admiral Bob Burnett track the Scharnhorst. Apparently he was the first junior officer to get a DSC. I still have his letters and the maps he drew at the time.
Jason M. Pilalas August 11, 2015 at 9:56 pm
The photo of Sub-Lt Leach is remarkable in that his father was C.O. of H.M.S. PRINCE OF WALES, a sister ship of the Duke, which was sunk off Malaya by the Japanese in 1941. The father was killed. The son rose to Admiral of the Fleet in his own right and was Chief of Staff to Prime Minister Thatcher at the time of the Falklands in 1982.
Lt Col R.J.G Hall (Retd) DSM April 11, 2015 at 9:05 am
Captain (later Admiral Sir Frederick Parham GBE, CBE, KCB, CB, DSO) F.R.Parham, and my father were fellow Cadets at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. He was also my God- father. I was only 8 years old at the time of the sinking of the Scharnhorst but I remember him telling me of the role of HMS Belfast in this momentous event with his typical modesty. He also expressed his admiration of the gallantry with which the German Captain commanded his ship. The latter comment seemed strange to a bellicose young boy. However, in later life I appreciated the respect and understood the bond between “all those who go down to the sea in ships” regardless of whose flag they fly. I shall be please to be contacted by and former shipmates and colleagues.
Carol Baker February 1, 2015 at 12:24 pm
My father, now 90 years of age, served on the HMS Scorpion and was involved with the sinking of the Scharnhorst. He remembers they picked up 18 survivors. He served in the Royal Navy for 22 years in communications as was a Yeoman back in the war years. His memory is very good and he can recall many of the events quite clearly. D Day is the only sketchy memory as his mother died at this time and he was given 3 days compassionate leave so he was quite emotional. He does remember they landed on Sword beach however and that he had to transport a wheelless bicycle, which provided the power for the communications.
Carol Baker February 1, 2015 at 12:16 pm
My father, now 90 years of age, served on HMS Scorpion as a Yeoman. Only yesterday he recounted to me the sinking of the Scharnhorst and how his ship picked up 18 survivors. His memory is still very good when he recalls his 22 years in the Royal Navy, especially the war years. His D Day involvement is a little sketchy as his mother died and he was given 3 days compassionate leave at this time. He remembers they landed on Sword Beach and as a signalman he had to transport a wheeless bike, which produced the energy for the communications.
Mike Wotton December 22, 2014 at 6:20 pm
My father, Bill Wotton, was a Supply PO on HMS Scorpion in December 1943 when the ship engaged the Scharnhorst. My father died in 1987 but I remember him telling me that his job during ‘action stations’ was on the radar plot and after the sinking of the Scharnhorst he had to supply the 30 survivors picked up by Scorpion with replacement clothing. He was on Scorpion from it’s commissioning in May 1943 until it was sold to the Dutch Navy in late 1945, and often told me about the appalling weather conditions during the Arctic convoys that Scorpion was on and having to help chip the ice off the upper deck to prevent her turning turtle.
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Squidward is the extremely reluctant neighbour of which children’s TV cartoon character? | Squidward Tentacles | Encyclopedia SpongeBobia | Fandom powered by Wikia
Squidward [1] Q. [2] Tentacles [3] is the tritagonist/antagonist of SpongeBob SquarePants . He is the neighbor between SpongeBob and Patrick . He is a turquoise-colored octopus. Squidward lives in a house shaped like an Easter Island head (Moai head) .
He works as the cashier of the Krusty Krab , a job he absolutely loathes. SpongeBob works with Squidward at the Krusty Krab, where SpongeBob works as the fry cook. Squidward is a very selfish individual and displays an unjustified air of superiority.
He also has at least 492 self-portraits and is delusional about his talents (such as playing the clarinet) though nobody around him considers him to be very good, except sometimes SpongeBob and Patrick.
Although Squidward's name contains the word "squid," he has been confirmed to be an octopus in many interviews and episodes. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] The series' animators believed that giving him eight tentacles would have made him look burdened and would be too difficult to animate, which is why he is normally depicted with six limbs. Notable exceptions are the live-action sequence of " Pressure " and briefly in " Sold! ," in which he is seen with eight legs. A squid has ten limbs, unlike Squidward.
Contents
Squidward is also jealous of those who are more artistic than he is, for example, Nat Peterson , Patrick Star , [11] Mr. Krabs , Squilliam Fancyson and even the puppet Big Nose .
Squidward is generally portrayed as an overall failure. His musical skills with the clarinet are generally portrayed as sub-par, from mediocre to excruciatingly horrible. However, there have been numerous exceptions (in " Bubblestand " and " Hello Bikini Bottom! ") he plays nice after practicing SpongeBob's 'technique,' at the end of " Christmas Who? ," he manages to play great with the one SpongeBob carved for him. In " That's No Lady ," he manages to play a nice tune to woo Patricia. In addition, in " Best Day Ever ," he even has a concert where he plays beautifully and receives thunderous applause from the audience. SpongeBob was even on the VIP list for it. It seems that he is actually capable of playing the clarinet very well by providing the full effort. In Hello Bikini Bottom!, he plays good enough for a musical manager to offered him and SpongeBob a job.
His overall artistic style is shown to be abstract and overly sophisticated, and his works are commonly panned by his audiences. His critical failure is shown to be more due to his bad taste, rather than a genuine lack of talent. It is worth noting that the majority of his art centers on himself, apparently holding his very being to be an artistic wonder. In the episode " One Krab's Trash ," Squidward is shown bringing flowers to a gravestone reading "Here Lies Squidward's Hopes and Dreams." Despite his lack of success, Squidward is tireless in his pursuit of artistic achievement. In " Dunces and Dragons ," Squidly, Squidward's medieval ancestor, vowed that if he could not learn to play the clarinet right, his seventh great-grandson would be cursed tenfold. In " Squilliam Returns ," Squilliam Fancyson mentions that Squidward was voted "Most Likely to Suck Eggs" in high school.
Given how Squidward is depicted as a loser in most regards, it is likely that his 'narcissism' is actually a defense mechanism to make him feel as if he has some form of self-worth. Outwardly, he shows signs of modest success: he lives in a nice, well-tended house, with no signs of slothfulness, and finds plenty of time to lead an active, involved life.
Squidward is well educated and knows his history. He is actually intelligent and has a lot of worldly knowledge, especially compared to those of SpongeBob and Patrick. Squidward is also a skilled driver, as he manages to drive virtually everything, from a traditional bike, a boat, car, and even a tractor. Squidward is a good-natured and caring person; he just does not like to get too involved in things.
When he is at the Krusty Krab, he is a lazy, sloppy employee (as shown in the " Krusty Krab Training Video ") who has an intense dislike of the Krusty Krab and its management. He is considered "inattentive, impatient," with "a glazed look in the eye." However, given the management's treatment of the employees, his attitude towards the company is more realistic than SpongeBob's. In the episode " Squid on Strike ," he organizes a worker's strike at the Krusty Krab. He even causes the destruction of the Krusty Krab, although indirectly and accidentally.
In the episode " Squidville ," he moves to a town filled with his own peers, other octopi who share his tastes and outlook on life. Here, he is forced to face how boring and oppressive his desired lifestyle really is, and he is able to ultimately break free of its bonds with a bit of inspired silliness.
Even though Squidward has tentacles, he is shown or implied to have fingers, toes and even nails in episodes such as " Once Bitten ," " House Fancy ," and " Giant Squidward ."
In " Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V ," it is implied that Squidward at one point had a girlfriend when he remembered the good times he had at Make-out Reef.
In " Love That Squid ," it revealed he has not dated for a long time before Squilvia came into his life.
Description
"Future, Future!"
Squidward Tentacles is a light turquoise octopus, [12] and has purple suction cups at the end of his tentacles. He has six limbs in total, two being arms and four being legs, which tend to make the shape of a plus sign when he stands in place. Whenever he walks, his suction cups stick to the floor, meaning that he walks with a distinct squelching noise. Squidward has a large cranium with eight holes on the top of it, presumably show his baldness. However, in the episode " The Original Fry Cook ," it showed that he had long blond hair once. He also has a skinny body, big droopy nose, a wide mouth and yellow eyes with rectangle vertical dark red irises and rectangle red pupils. When he laughs, his nose appears to deflate and inflate repeatedly. He wears a brown short-sleeved shirt, which is sometimes shorter. In reality, Squidward is only eight inches and two ounces.[ citation needed ]
Squidward eating
His color is inconsistent throughout the series. While he is shown to be lighter green in earlier episodes, in later episodes he is shown having a lighter and a more like blue color.
Close up of face
In the episode "Just One Bite," it shows a close up of Squidward's face, revealing it disturbing and very morbid. This has scared some kids that watch the show. In the episode Frankendoodle , he was wearing fancy clothing in one scene.
Squidward's third version of his nightwear.
In the episode " Sandy's Rocket ," Squidward is shown to be wearing an old version of his nightwear. It is pink with magenta-colored flowers on it. In newer episodes such as " Sentimental Sponge ," Squidward is seen wearing his real nightgown. In this episode, he refers to it as a "night shirt." It is a light purple nightgown that comes with a matching nightcap. It is the third version of his nightwear. The second version would appear in episodes like " Funny Pants " and " Employee of the Month ."
It is shown in the episode " Bulletin Board " that Squidward has a tattoo of a red rose on his right arm.
Personality
Squidward is arrogant, self-centered, grumpy, sarcastic, snobby, bad tempered, and easily annoyed. He views the world in such a negative aspect that he rarely is seen greeting anyone with a smile. He loathes his job at the Krusty Krab, and while this doesn't interfere with his ability to perform it well, that doesn't mean he can't get over his dislike with the ones he works with. One of the reasons why Squidward is often arrogant and bad tempered is having to put up with SpongeBob's boisterous behavior, which sometimes leads him to make plans to get him to stop. Despite his grumpy nature, Squidward does have a caring heart somewhere in him, and when he realizes his plans have cause either harm or emotional pain to those he ridiculed, he is quick to realize the error of his ways and make up for it while he can.
Rivalry Side
Angry Squidward.
Squidward has a considerable antagonistic side, frequently taking advantage of the situation to keep SpongeBob from tormenting him, which only backfires and worsens.
In " Fools in April ," Squidward gets annoyed with SpongeBob pulling playful and harmless pranks on people at the Krusty Krab, and pulls a very cruel and harmful prank on SpongeBob in retaliation.
In " New Fish in Town ," He dragged SpongeBob , Patrick , and Howard 's homes down a trench.
In " That Sinking Feeling ," He tried to separate SpongeBob and Patrick by drawing a line, and later, he threatened them that if Squidward's house was not back to normal on the count of three, he will grind them into chum (kill them).
In " Restraining SpongeBob ," Squidward had a restraining order placed on SpongeBob to keep SpongeBob away from him. When Patrick began to annoy Squidward far worse than SpongeBob, he released SpongeBob, and added Patrick to said restraining order.
In " Little Yellow Book ," Squidward reads SpongeBob's work diary in front of the customers, which made SpongeBob sad. He sees that he has been known as a "diary thief," but does not feel be until his house was repossessed. Later, he even reads SpongeBob's personal diary. This behavior even upsets Mr. Krabs who is considered the secondary antagonist of the series.
In " Don't Look Now ," SpongeBob and Patrick saw a scary horror movie. Squidward pretends to be the Fisherman to play a cruel joke on them. As a result, SpongeBob and Patrick misinterpret the Fisherman eating Squidward, they in reality end up injuring Squidward.
In " Yeti Krabs ," Squidward arrogantly attacks the Yeti Krab when he thought it was Mr. Krabs wearing a costume and nearly puts Mr. Krabs, SpongeBob, and himself in danger.
In " Sold! ," after knowing that SpongeBob and Patrick think Nick Fishkins has bought their homes. Squidward lies that a 14-member family has moved into SpongeBob's Pineapple and an 8-member rock band with several instruments has moved into Patrick's rock. When SpongeBob and Patrick come to their old houses, he puts on outfits to match the characters that he made up. This exhausts him, and SpongeBob and Patrick flip Squidward's house. Nick Fishkins later comes by, and Squidward's house is "Not Sold." SpongeBob and Patrick then return to their homes.
In " The Whole Tooth ," Squidward antagonized SpongeBob and Patrick's belief in the tooth fairy. At night when SpongeBob tries to take Patrick's baby tooth to the tooth fairy, Squidward attempts to trick Patrick into thinking that SpongeBob betrayed him. But his plan failed when SpongeBob showed them what the tooth fairy really is. As punishment for trying to ruin their friendship, Squidward was forced to eat chum meat which made him lose all of his teeth.
In " Mermaid Pants ," SpongeBob and Patrick made a super villain lair for Squidward and Mr. Krabs as part of their game of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy. However, Squidward took advantage of his super villain role and tries to kill SpongeBob and Patrick by dipping them into the fryer in a desperate attempt to get them out of his life. But luckily, SpongeBob and Patrick foiled his plan at the last moment and made Squidward fall into the fryer instead.
Scapegoat side
Despite Squidward's antagonist side, he has been blamed many times for things that were not his fault.
In " Your Shoe's Untied ," SpongeBob constantly keeps tripping over his untied shoelaces, making dozens of Krabby Patties fly into Squidward's mouth. The customers blamed him for eating the food, even when Squidward told them it was SpongeBob's fault.
In " Krab Borg ," Mr. Krabs yelled at Squidward for tying him up and destroying his items, even though SpongeBob had a hand in it and was the one who convinced Squidward that Mr. Krabs was a robot in the first place. In fact, the only reason SpongeBob was let off the hook was that he had to "feed Gary."
No one gives a care about the fate of labor as long as they can get their instant gratification
In " Squid on Strike ," Squidward is outraged, and goes on strike due to Mr. Krabs instead of paying him for his "work" made him pay Mr. Krabs. SpongeBob tags along (as he did not know that he would lose his job) so to get their jobs back he destroys the Krusty Krab. Mr. Krabs then makes both of them work to pay off the damages, despite the fact that Squidward did not play a part in demolishing the Krusty Krab.
In " Can You Spare a Dime? ," Mr. Krabs blamed Squidward for stealing his missing dime since he was near the cash register. This causes Squidward to quit his job, lose everything, and drive SpongeBob mad. It was soon revealed that Mr. Krabs' dime was in his pocket the entire time, and Squidward was hired back. Even so, he later accused Squidward for putting the dime in his pants, and history likely repeated itself.
In " The Lost Mattress ," he wrote Mr. Krabs a card saying that he got him a new mattress (even though it was all SpongeBob and Patrick's idea). However, he actually caused Krabs to go into a "Cash Coma" because all his money was in the old mattress. He was then forced by the police to get the mattress back. However, this could count as karmic punishment, since he wanted to take credit for SpongeBob and Patrick's work.
In " Good Neighbors ," SpongeBob and Patrick interrupt Squidward's Sunday morning by trying to be "good neighbors." Squidward then installs a security system to keep them away from him. However, it malfunctions causing his house to come to life, and destroy the town. After it had been turned off, he was given a sentence to community service every Sunday (even though he really did not do anything).
In " Cephalopod Lodge ," SpongeBob and Patrick follow Squidward to a secret club of his thus causing him to be kicked out, when he really did not know they were even coming. In fact, he carefully checked his surroundings to try to avoid this.
Squidward annoyed because of SpongeBob's deliberate insultment
In " Boating Buddies ," Squidward was being annoyed by SpongeBob, so he got in his boat and attempted to drive away. However, SpongeBob accidentally causes Squidward to crash, thus sending him to Mrs. Puff's Boating School. He was then injured many times due to SpongeBob’s bad driving, thus he was unable to take the test despite the fact that he knew the right answers.
In " Truth or Square ," he, SpongeBob, Patrick, and Mr. Krabs were stuck in the air vents. Patrick then took out a radio that he "borrowed" from Sandy. He then tried calling for help, but he did not know how to use it. Therefore, Squidward used it to call Sandy. However, Sandy then accused him of stealing it from her.
In " Keep Bikini Bottom Beautiful ," Squidward was given eight tickets to community service by the end of the episode. Even though he never actually littered, and instead was just assumed to have littered.
In " Sentimental Sponge ," SpongeBob becomes a hoarder off the idea that random garbage holds valuable memories. He later throws it into Squidward's yard. This angers Squidward, and he ends up calling the police on SpongeBob. They then condemn SpongeBob's house for being unsanitary, and then Squidward's for being covered in his garbage. Even though none of it was Squidward's, nor was he a hoarder.
In " The Googly Artiste ," Patrick becomes famous off his "art" (ironically Squidward's seemed better from the viewers' perspective), and Mr. Krabs becomes mad at him for making his art from Krabby Patties in which he sold for more money than he bought them for. He then said he was just following Squidward’s advice, thus getting Squidward into trouble. However, that was not what Squidward meant when he was giving "advice."
In " Fiasco! ," he was sent to prison when he really did not do anything bad at all. He led the police to SpongeBob's house saying that SpongeBob, Patrick, and Gary are making noise. In fact, he actually did the police a favor by leading them to Plankton, who stole the famous art piece Fiasco. He probably was arrested for blaming someone that had not done anything. It is possible that he went to jail for the fact that Fiasco’s painting he discovered was worthless.
Artistic Side
Leisure
Squidward playing his clarinet
An avid patron of the arts, Squidward has a strong affection for interpretive dance, sculpting, painting, and playing the clarinet. However, he seems to have almost no talent for any of them whatsoever, although he does play the clarinet beautifully at the end of the " Christmas Who? ," at the end of " Bubblestand ," and in " The Two Faces of Squidward ." He has often tried to impress the public with his artistic exhibitions, but is always either unrecognized, mocked by his audience, or upstaged by SpongeBob. Squidward always wants to be the center of attention but rarely ever is. In " Best Day Ever ," he had a concert where he played beautifully and received thunderous applause from the audience. SpongeBob was on the VIP list for it, which is ironic, considering Squidward's intense hatred for him. Squidward also misses many chances to become famous, even in his dreams.
All of his artwork, from sculptures to paintings, depicts himself in a way, even repainting existing works to include his own face. He surrounds himself with said art throughout his house, a clear indication of his narcissist tendencies. These arts have occasionally been admired greatly by Patrick and SpongeBob, but are universally hated by the rest of Bikini Bottom.
He has tried several things to reach the fame he desires: hosting a talent show, starting his own astrology spin-off, forming a band, and so on, yet he cannot seem to get much of a following. Mr. Krabs and Patrick also seem to like him, though it may be argued that Mr. Krabs only likes Squidward because of his allegiance with the Krusty Krab. It is interesting to note that Squidward once stated, "Anyone can be a big shot in a hick town like Bikini Bottom ," yet he cannot make a name for himself.
Bad but Good Art
Despite Squidward said to be a bad talentless artist, his art has been turned down many times for something that ironically was not as good.
In " Sleepy Time ," Squidward is in his dream playing his clarinet to the king. SpongeBob then causes Squidward to break his clarinet by accident, and thus Squidward is forced to use SpongeBob as a replacement. It sounds horrible but everyone loved it.
In " Squid Wood ," Squidward becomes jealous of Mini Squidward when he was "stealing his life" by doing all the same artistic things Squidward did (including jokes) but Squidward was always turned down for Mini Squidward despite the fact that they were both doing exactly the same things.
In " The Masterpiece ," Squidward made a large statue of Mr. Krabs to eliminate the competition of the Sea Chicken Shack; however, it was turned down, and was replaced by the real Mr. Krabs.
In " The Googly Artiste ," Squidward made a statue of himself, which was turned down by an art critic. Patrick then made a pet rock (nothing more than a rock with google eyes) and Squidward was turned down for a pet rock.
Good Art
Squidward's excellent bubble
Despite his reputation of being a "bad artist," he has made art that people had enjoyed.
In " Bubblestand ," Squidward blew a huge bubble by using the "technique," and successfully played the clarinet by playing jazz music.
In " Artist Unknown ," Squidward goes crazy in the end, and creates a great statue in the process.
In " Best Day Ever ," Squidward does a clarinet concert in which people seem to enjoy.
In " The Two Faces of Squidward ," Squidward becomes handsome after a face injury caused by SpongeBob.
In " Giant Squidward ," Squidward gets a new clarinet that sounds good.
In " Suction Cup Symphony ," Squidward has an orchestra perform a song he wrote to Bikini Bottom (while attempting to ignore SpongeBob and Patrick along the way).
Squidward almost freezing to death.
Criminal Record
Squidward could sometimes break the law causing him to go to jail in some episodes. Besides Mr. Krabs and Plankton, he also has many criminal records and reasons why he is in jail. The only reason he likes to be in prison is that he could get away from his neighbors.
Vandalism (" Patrick! The Game ")
Occupation
Squidward works as the cashier at the Krusty Krab restaurant, along with his co-worker, SpongeBob SquarePants . He not only hates his duties but the Krusty Krab itself, and he performs his job rather poorly and with a lack of enthusiasm. He also frequently behaves rudely to the customers. He has often expressed a desire to be fired or simply quit, but never makes good on it; he only seems to work there because he needs the money. In "Just One Bite," he reveals that he has never eaten a Krabby Patty and thinks them to be disgustingly unhealthy, although after having "just one bite," he falls in love with them. However, this fact is contradicted by an earlier episode in which SpongeBob forgets how to tie his shoelaces and, consequently, throws several Krabby Patties down Squidward's throat. (An explanation for this could be that since he did not taste them with his tongue, he thought they were bad). In " The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie ," Squidward is manager of the Krusty Krab 2 for six days, although due to Plankton's invasion of Bikini Bottom, the new restaurant is not in service during this time. It is also shown here that Squidward actually cares about what happens to the Krusty Krab and the Krabby Patty formula when he discovers Plankton selling Krabby Patties and threatens to report him to King Neptune. In Selling Out , Squidward worked as the waiter for Krabby O' Mondays. He was forced to maintain a false state of happiness, or else face "Human Resources," a thug in the back of the building.
Squidward has also been:
Captain Magma.
Main article: List of near-death experiences#Squidward Tentacles
Squidward has had many injuries and near-death experiences. He is one of the most unfortunate characters, and is in some way hurt in almost every episode he is in (such as his head and/or nose exploding or deflating). He is shown to be an underdog, a person who almost never wins. SpongeBob surprisingly does not cause a lot of Squidward's near death-experiences, but his best friend Patrick does. In some episodes, he caused his own near-death experiences (e.g. breaking his own "laugh box," falling into a volcano, freezing himself almost to death, suffocating himself with three pillows on his head, eating too many Krabby Patties and exploding.) He almost froze to death in " Frozen Face-Off ." He is also almost always injured by his bad karma. He is also allergic to seaberries as seen in "Restraining SpongeBob"
Squidward has eaten too many patties
Creation and Development
This was stated in various interviews and audio commentaries with creator Stephen Hillenburg and a few voice actors.
Stephen Hillenburg quotes the following: "Squidward is an octopus, despite the fact that he's called a squid," "It was easier for animation to draw him with six legs instead of eight."
He quotes: "Squidward's name is a portmanteau of the word "squid" and the name "Edward."
Shower In A Can!
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Relationships
Squidward kicks SpongeBob and Patrick out of his destroyed house.
SpongeBob SquarePants
Squidward dislikes SpongeBob, and often tries to avoid him. The main reason Squidward's massive hatred for SpongeBob's existence is because SpongeBob can be extremely annoying towards Squidward, but SpongeBob is unaware of this, and thus continues to irritate him. However, on occasions, Squidward can display sympathy for SpongeBob, and this is especially seen in the episodes " Pizza Delivery " and "Christmas Who?" In addition, when Squidward is in a good mood, he is usually kind to SpongeBob. He admired SpongeBob's selfless bravery against the Flying Dutchman in " Born Again Krabs ." Later, in " SpongeBob, You're Fired! ," Squidward fought off four crazed restaurant owners to rescue SpongeBob and later admitted that as much he hates him, he hates the smell of burnt Krabby Patties more.
Squidward is angry at Mr. Krabs.
Mr. Krabs
Squidward does not seem to mind Mr. Krabs, but can sometimes lose patience with him, usually when he is a cheapskate, which usually results in him getting angry with Krabs. In "Born Again Krabs," he chastised Mr. Krabs for selling SpongeBob's soul for pocket change. He also gets outraged when Mr. Krabs blames something on him. Regardless, Squidward and Mr. Krabs have been working together for a long time so the two have developed a decent relationship.
Patrick Star
Squidward dislikes Patrick, but sometimes likes him. The reason is somehow Patrick can be a non-annoying type occasionally and can be quiet sometimes. In " Naughty Nautical Neighbors ," he befriends with him, because he saved his life. Squidward, however, mostly calls him an idiot, imbecile etc.
Plankton
Squidward and Sheldon J. Plankton have an awkward relationship. They usually dislike each other. However, in the episodes " Sweet and Sour Squid " and " Chum Fricassee ," they team up, although they remain enemies in the end.
Gary the Snail
Gary and Squidward are enemies. Gary annoys Squidward while Gary thinks Squidward is a jerk. However, Squidward does seem to have feelings for Gary as seen in I Was a Teenage Gary . And they seem to sometimes share the same opinion about SpongeBob's annoying antics as Squidward once replied "Oh, tell me about it!" in Giant Squidward . In Are You Happy Now? , Gary seemed to be concerned for Squidward like SpongeBob was. In " That Sinking Feeling ," Squidward was searching SpongeBob in his house and when he spotted Gary on the roof, he said "hi" to him, though this was brief.
Sandy Cheeks
Squidward and Sandy usually do not talk to each other, but in one episode , she transformed Squidward and SpongeBob after being stuck together. Sandy is the only character Squidward seems to have no problems with, although Sandy does seem to sometimes to find Squidward intolerable, such as his recent assault on a Creepy Crawler with Karate for revenge instead of self-defense in " Squid Defense ."
Squilvia
Squilvia is Squidward's girlfriend in "Love that Squid." In that episode, Squilvia visits the Krusty Krab and Squidward falls in love with her and gets nervous around her, so SpongeBob has to act as his wingsponge. SpongeBob tells Squilvia that Squidward likes her and manages to get Squidward a date with her. However, Squidward is unprepared to go on a date because he has not gone on one in years. Therefore, SpongeBob teaches Squidward how to act in a date by pretending to be his girlfriend and going on a simulated date. After Squidward cannot take it anymore, he yells at SpongeBob. However, he does not realize that Squilvia has arrived for their date. Squidward then thinks that she would not go out with him because he yelled at SpongeBob. However, she likes that he stood up for himself. They then go on their date.
It is unknown what happens to this relationship after this episode. It is possible that they went on one date and ended it or dated for a while with the same result. However, this is not confirmed. It is possible that they are still dating by the time of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. If they are still together, it is suggested that they are not living together at this point. This is given by two instances: 1. SpongeBob is easily able to get into his house and Squidward is able to kick SpongeBob out without confrontation with Squilvia. 2. He is able to speak loudly when he says, "Too bad SpongeBob's not here to enjoy SpongeBob not being here."
Family
Rivalry
Squilliam Fancyson
Squidward's arch-rival is Squilliam Fancyson , whom he first met in high school band class, who, like all other octopi on the show, looks and acts similar to Squidward, but wears a robe and has a unibrow. Unlike Squidward, however, Squilliam is extremely successful in everything that Squidward has failed in, and is living Squidward's dream of being a wealthy celebrity artist with crowds of adoring fans, usually with many admirers following his presence. In Squilliam’s debut episode, " Band Geeks ," he calls Squidward, at his home, to once again, rub his success in his face, saying that his band is signed to play at the Bubble Bowl but cannot come, and sarcastically asking Squidward for his "band" to cover for them. Squidward, caught in the moment, claims that he does have a band and will play at the Bubble Bowl, forcing him to put together a band from the residents of Bikini Bottom. Thanks to SpongeBob, their performance turns out to be much better than Squilliam could have ever expected, causing him to have a heart attack.
Squilliam returns in the aptly named episode "Squilliam Returns," in which Squidward meets Squilliam and a crowd of his fans. Squilliam tries to embarrass Squidward by showing the crowd his lowly position as a cashier, but Squidward claims to own a five-star restaurant, and Squilliam agrees to take the group to dinner there, expecting this claim to be exposed as a lie. Squidward's attempts at converting the Krusty Krab into a five-star restaurant are initially unsuccessful, until he gets SpongeBob to clear his mind of everything "except fine dining and breathing." SpongeBob is able to turn the Krusty Krab into an extremely extravagant and fancy diner. Everything goes well until Squilliam, who is admittedly impressed, asks his waiter (SpongeBob) his name. SpongeBob, having erased everything else from his mind, forgets his own name and subsequently everything else, going insane and destroying the "fancy restaurant" environment, with the help of Mr. Krabs' disgusting "appetizer" coming to life.
Squilliam appears again in "House Fancy" where Squilliam calls Squidward to boast about how his enormous house was chosen as fanciest house on the show House Fancy. Squidward then calls the show's host and claims his house is better. Then with the help of SpongeBob, he attempts to make it look better but ultimately ends up destroying his house. This, the show’s host thinks is a revolutionary house design and for the second time Squidward is able to beat Squilliam.
Love Interests
Squidward meets Squilvia.
In "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V," Squidward stated, "Ah, make out reef... good times, good times..." Meaning he had probably been there when he was young with a love interest.
In " That's No Lady ," Squidward and Mr. Krabs fell for Patrick, who was posing as a woman named Patricia because Patrick thought an assassin was trying to force him to leave Bikini Bottom.
In " Love That Squid ," Squidward made a date with another octopus named Squilvia.
Residence
Main article: 122 Conch Street
Squidward's house.
Squidward lives in a house resembling an Easter Island moai that is alive in Good Neighbors . It is placed between SpongeBob and Patrick 's houses at 122 Conch Street , an address that was revealed in " Slide Whistle Stooges ." It has been personified several times, such as in the episode " The Secret Box ," where it seems to be peeking at SpongeBob and Patrick's talk. Despite Squidward's wish for peace and quiet, his two neighbors, SpongeBob and Patrick, make it nearly impossible, due to their high level of childish immaturity and silliness. If Squidward had the choice, he would move. He did so in "Squidville," but ultimately decided that he had moved somewhere even worse. In " Opposite Day ," Squidward tried to move, but SpongeBob and Patrick caused the real estate agent who was originally trying to sell Squidward's house to leave angrily, so Squidward had to stay. He also moved in " Stanley S. SquarePants ," because he had realized that there were "two of them" and he became horrified. Squidward does not live alone; Snellie, his snail from " The Great Snail Race ," is in residence with him. In "Can You Spare a Dime?," after quitting his job from the Krusty Krab, Squidward was homeless until SpongeBob found him living in a cardboard box and then he ends up living in SpongeBob's house. Squidward almost became homeless again in " Giant Squidward ," when he turned into a giant.
In the episode "Squidville," after Squidward's house is destroyed by SpongeBob and Patrick, he sees an advertisement on TV about a town called " Tentacle Acres ," home of many octopi who are virtually identical to Squidward, even living in Easter Island Heads. He decides to move there, and for a while, life is spectacular, as he finds a large community of like-minded octopi into which he fits perfectly. Eventually, though, he starts to tire of the boring daily routine in which he does the same things every day in order. He begins to wreak havoc throughout the overly structured civilization of Tentacle Acres with a reef blower and an angry mob is formed against him, who corners him in an alley and forces him to escape by launching himself into the sky with his reef blower, maniacally yelling "Freedom!"
Quotes
"His favorite underpants!" ( Christmas Who? )
Squidward- "Patrick, exactly how dumb are you?" Patrick- "It varies." (" Tentacle-Vision ")
I'm worried he just left with my paycheck. (" Money Talks ")
Is mayonnaise an instrument? - Patrick; No, Patrick, mayonnaise is not an instrument. Horse radish is not an instrument, either. ("Band Geeks")
"Stand back! I have gardening tools! ("Squidville")
"Where's Mr. Krabs?!" ("Krab Borg")
"I think my heart just stopped." ("Your Shoe's Untied")
"This is pretty easy!" (" Pressure ")
"I'm getting paid overtime for this, right, Mr. Krabs?" ("Krusty Krab Training Video")
"SpongeBob, that's a blender." ("Krab Borg")
"It's been great knowing you, SpongeBob. Good luck, somewhere else." (" Home Sweet Pineapple ")
"That's not what I meant, you barnacle head!" (" Dying for Pie ")
"Uhh, the future? HUH? Wait, w-what's going on here? Why is everything...chrome?" (" SB-129 ")
"Too bad SpongeBob's not here to enjoy SpongeBob not being here." ("The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie")
"Ah, Make-Out Reef. Good times, good times." ("Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V")
"Once again, I hate people." ("Sweet and Sour Squid")
"I'll buy the little twerp a gumball." ("Dying for Pie")
"I have arrived." ("Fools in April")
Shower In A Can!
This section is in need of cleanup in order to comply with Encyclopedia SpongeBobia's Manual of Style . Please help Encyclopedia SpongeBobia by making this section specific and short.
Trivia
During October 2007 , where Nickelodeon characters were shown dressed up as various monsters during commercial breaks, Squidward was dressed as what appears to be the Phantom of the Opera.
Squidward is right-handed, as seen in Artist Unknown, where he tries to draw a circle.
Squidward appears to be not much older than SpongeBob and Patrick although Patrick and SpongeBob are often called kids, probably due to their childlike tendencies and immaturity.
Squidward has a distinct laugh, which always makes his nose inflate and deflate (much likely being a reference to the octopus's contractile mantle).
Squidward appears to be the tallest main character in the series.
Squidward can also be seen dressed in a Santa costume during a "Happy Ha Ha Holidays" commercial, due to his portrayal of Santa Claus in "Christmas Who?" to avoid hurting SpongeBob's feelings.
Some people online have stated that Squidward's birthday is in October . However, the SpongeBob SquarePants staff members have not officially confirmed this.
In the Krusty Krab, Squidward sometimes has different jobs from his regular cashier job, usually replacing SpongeBob as fry cook when he is absent.
In "Can You Spare a Dime?," Squidward says he is allergic to newsprint, but he has touched newsprint in several episodes.
Squidward often mentions the running length of one episode of the show (Eleven minutes), usually in subtle ways. A recognizable quote would be, "I'll give him eleven minutes." from the episode "Nature Pants," or "Oh, why must every eleven minutes of my life be filled with misery?!," from "Club SpongeBob."
A cameo of Squidward in Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann
A character resembling Squidward make a cameo appearance in the Japanese anime Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann
Sometimes his middle initial is different. It is either "Squidward Q. Tentacles" or "Squidward J. Tentacles."
It is revealed that Squidward used to have a full head of blonde hair in The Original Fry Cook .
In the episodes "Employee of the Month," "Sweet and Sour Squid," " The Good Krabby Name ," and " Super Evil Aquatic Villain Team Up is Go! ," Squidward can successfully cook Krabby Patties. However, he was bad at it in "Pickles," " Hooky ," and " The Algae's Always Greener ." It is possible that he learned to be a better cook because of all of the times SpongeBob was gone in all those episodes.
In some episodes, Squidward reads magazines at his job. The title varies a lot. Titles include "Dance!," “Art," "Squid Ink" and "House Fancy."
In Japanese, Squidward's name has been changed to "Ikardo Tentacles," Ikardo being a portmanteau of ikara (the Japanese word for squid) and Ricardo.
In "Restraining SpongeBob," it is stated that Squidward is allergic to seaberries.
Despite being called talentless in art, Squidward would actually be a great artist if he expanded his artistic subjects to other things besides himself. Alas his obsession with his image spurs him to create self-portraits or rip-offs of famous artworks.
Squidward is allergic to three things: newsprint, seaberries, and Snail slime.
References
| SpongeBob SquarePants |
Which newspaper was launched in 1986 as “Britain’s first full-colour low cost tabloid”? | My Psychological Theory about SpongeBob SquarePants | The Huffington Post
My Psychological Theory about SpongeBob SquarePants
05/08/2012 05:29 pm ET | Updated Jul 08, 2012
Yalda T. Uhls Psychologist, Researcher, Educator, Mom
"Who lives in a pineapple under the sea?"
Most people easily pick up on the importance of television programming like Sesame Street and other educational shows for young children. Shows like these embed lessons about letters, manners, multiculturalism and more into their content. For adults, the lessons seem obvious, so we feel good about allowing our children to watch and learn from this kind of television show.
But other shows seem to hold zero promise of learning. One example might be SpongeBob SquarePants, an extremely popular cartoon on the Nickelodeon cable channel. Children, including my 4-year old son, were enthralled with this bizarre show about a sponge and his life under the sea. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple next door to a squid that plays the clarinet. He works for a crab that runs the Crabby Patty Diner and his best friend is a starfish. Besides perhaps fostering an interest in marine biology, it's hard to understand the show's ability to fascinate, let alone teach.
Yet after many years of watching this show with my son, I have come to believe that SpongeBob SquarePants teaches children fundamental lessons about basic human values in a non-preachy manner through the authentic actions of its characters. First, a two-second primer on values...
Some psychologists believe that human values are a dominating force in life, as values are thought to motivate human behavior and attitudes. The construct was defined and redefined by many famous psychological scientists from Lewin to Rokeach to Schwartz and Kasser. As the study of values advance, the values construct becomes more precise, and a basic list of values with a set of corresponding attitudes and behavior are generally agreed upon. Each theorist may define the overarching categories differently (i.e. intrinsic versus extrinsic, individualistic versus collectivistic, etc), but the specific value types, and their corresponding behaviors, by and large correspond across the theories. Some examples of a value and its corresponding behavior include the value of power -- people who value power seek to command others or to lead. Others may value tradition and work towards honoring customs that their parents and grandparents taught them. The list of universal value types tested by the theorist Schwartz includes power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security. Kasser, drawing from Schwartz's work, developed and tested a list of goals and values including self-acceptance, affiliation, community feeling, physical fitness, financial success, attractive appearance and social recognition.
It is these kinds of value types that are enthusiastically embraced by the characters in SpongeBob Square Pants, and this simple typology may be one of the reasons the show is still popular after ten years. My theory is that each character symbolizes one value type and behaves according to that value in the extreme. Thus, Mr. Crabs, the owner of the Crabby Patty, cares only about money; his every act in the show is motivated by his pursuit of his financial interests. Meanwhile, Squidward, SpongeBob's neighbor, loves social status and prestige; he wants to be famous and could care less about anything in the small hick town of Bikini Bottom. Patrick Star, SpongeBob's lovable best friend, exemplifies hedonism. He loves to eat, sleep and in general satisfy the most basic bodily desires. Sandy Cheeks, a squirrel who lives in an upside down glass bowl under the ocean, pursues intellectual achievement. She is the smartest character in the town and she also enjoys excelling at karate. Finally, Plankton, the tiny creature that owns a diner next door to the Crabby Patty, values power; he craves the satisfaction of control or dominance.
Each of these characters wrestle with the conflicts that naturally arise as they act according to their values, and while their basic value system usually wins out, the audience witnesses the choices they make in pursuit of these values and the disappointments that arise. For example, in one episode, Mr. Crabs sells SpongeBob to an evil, ghostly pirate for forty-nine cents. As he realizes he gave up his best worker and moreover, sacrificed him for a measly bit of cash, Mr. Crabs grudgingly learns that perhaps his choice was short-sighted. In the process of watching this kind of episode, children may actually absorb the intrinsic lessons in the storytelling.
And what about SpongeBob? He seems to me to represent a child, someone who lives for the moment, has no idea about the value of money or power and could care less about social status or physical pursuits. He enjoys hanging out with his friends, blowing bubbles and working hard at his job because he is excellent at grilling patties, not because he wants to earn a salary. His attitude is infectious, and his wonderful enthusiastic qualities usually trump those of the other characters.
So in our household, we wholeheartedly embraced this television show and its wacky characters and story lines. When watching with my son, I celebrated the mini lessons about values (whether intended or not by the show's creator), and underscored the values that resonated with mine as the characters lived, learned and modeled behavior that illustrate through simple storytelling how humans behave.
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Which ship escaped under the cover of darknes in July 1949 along the flooded Yangtse river? | MaritimeQuest - HMS Amethyst U-16 / F-116 Messages 7100-124
108.
Jan. 21, 2013
My father was the navigator on the Sunderland that put down the doctor and received the shots in his nav bag! His name Flight Lieutenant Maurice Marshall, unfortunately he died 14 years ago. Coincidentally I currently live in Shanghai. I still have his medals and flying log from the incident.
Barry Marshall
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107.
Dec. 21, 2012
Am just wondering if you have any records of my father in law Ronald Charles Daniels as I have found a cap ribbon with H M S Amethyst and medals from the Korean conflict. I believe he served on this ship if you have any details.
Thank you,
Reply 1
Dec. 24, 2012
I have been unable to find your Father in Law's name on my lists. I am sure he was not onboard during the Yangtze Incident. If he had been on board his medals would have included the Yangtze Bar on the Naval General Service Medal. As he has the Korean War Medal, he must have served in some ship during the Korean war. His name does not appear in the list I have of the AMETHYST Ship's Company. I am sure people were moved between ships during that war, so he might have been on board AMETHYST at some point.
Sincerely,
106.
Dec. 12, 2012
Bit of a strange request! I have a shop and a lady bought a ship's bulkhead clock with a plaque of HMS Amethyst. Says she took it to cover a bar bill in the pub she was running at the time. His name was Tony, and lived in Exeter who says he served on the Amethyst at the time of the Yangtze experience. He had links to Torrington. North Devon, but I cannot get a surname. Is this too long a shot to find out if the clock was indeed of the Amethyst?
Many thanks,
Reply 1
Dec. 16, 2012
I cannot help you very much if you only have a Christian name; I have the first name of some of the AMETHYST Ship's Company, others are only initials. I can say definitely there was not a �Tony� onboard when we escaped from the Yangtze. Of the men, with only initials on my list, there are one or two with initial �A� (Tony is short for Anthony). Your Lady's friend could be one of these.
When AMETHYST was broken up in the mid fifties, some items from the ship would certainly have appeared on the market. No doubt the clock is a genuine item from the ship, though the plaque would have been added after it left the ship.
Regards Stewart Hett
105.
Dec. 12, 2012
My uncle Robert Holland served on HMS Amethyst and left the ship in Australia just before it set sail for China. He is still alive and often tells me stories of his days on the ship. Please let me know if you have any records of him as a crew member.
Thanks and regards,
Reply 1
Dec. 13, 2012
I think your Father was in 6 Mess, January 5th 1946, a number of H/O's left the ship at Sydney to travel home for demob. just before the ship sailed for a refit in New Zealand. He may remember Taf James and the U249. The Amethyst Association Has no record of men who served on board during WW2. There is a photo of the members of 6 Mess on this page. ( HMS Amethyst Crew Photos )
He is welcome to join the Amethyst Association.
Charlie Chivers,
104.
Nov. 18, 2012
I was wondering if you could help me trace some records for my Dad Brian Roberts who served on HMS Amethyst, to my knowledge he was wounded and taken off at Rose Island, he was only 17 at the time (a junior seaman). He has just celebrated his 81st Birthday. Does anyone remember him?
Bev Henderson
Reply 1
Nov. 21, 2012
I served on board HMS AMETHYST with your father. In the 1980s I met a civilian working at HMS DRYAD, who had served with me in AMETHYST. I suspect it might have been your Father, though there was a Signalman Roberts who was wounded and landed with your Father; so it may have been him, and not your father. I remember suggesting to this chap, that he should join the AMETHYST Association and meet shipmates at the annual Reunions, but I do not think he ever joined the Association. It is not too late your Father could join now, and our next Reunion is in Portsmouth on 13 to 15 Sep 2013.
My records only show the ship's company in April 49. I do not know how seriously your Father was wounded. He may have rejoined the ship in Hong Kong after we escaped. If he was sent back to UK for treatment, he may have rejoined the ship when we arrived in Plymouth and joined us in the marches in Plymouth and London.
We are all fairly long in the tooth now and our memories are unreliable, but if your Father has any shipmates he would like to contact, I will see if we are able to reach his friends. Let me know if he would like to join us and I will pass his details to the Trudy Sampson, the Secretary.
Sincerely,
103.
Oct. 5, 2012
Amethyst Association Reunion 2013 will be held at the Royal Maritime Hotel Portsmouth 13-15 Sept. More information will be promulgated later.
Charlie Chivers
102.
Oct. 4, 2012
My name is Andrew Bannister and my late father, Stoker Samuel Bannister from Belfast Northern Ireland , served on HMS Amethyst during the Yangtze Incident. After being seriously injured he managed to get ashore and was taken to a village hospital were he was operated on without anesthetic. He and some of his shipmates were then held captive as the PLA negotiated with the ships commander for their release. Eventually they got back to the ship and under the cover of darkness the ship escaped.
My Dad went on to serve in Korea and left the Royal Navy after serving his seven year stint. During the early years of his marriage he fell into hard times and sold his medals in order to help raise his family. Sadly he passed away in 1996 and since then I have made it my quest to find his medals and keep them in the family.
Anytime I was in England I would have called into different collectors to try and find out who was in possession of my Dad's medals. I could never get any information other than be told that the Yangtze medal was one of the most sought after medals for collectors.
However, since the birth of the internet, I have been able to broaden my search and in August of this year I came across an advert, much to my amazement, showing my dad's three medals and his story. They were being advertised by a collector and the price was £4000. I immediately rang the shop advertising the medals but was met with the devastating news that this was an old advert and the medals had sold four years ago at auction for £6500.
I asked the shop owner if he could tell me who had bought them but due to confidentiality he couldn't but he did however agree to contact the buyer to see if he would be willing to sell them to me. I had to explain that I was Stoker Bannister's son and I was very keen to have the medals back in our family. After a few agonising weeks of waiting the shop owner contacted me to say the collector had reluctantly agreed to sell the medals to me because of the family connection. The collector is based in the Far East but the shop owner has agreed to act as mediators and have confirmed the authenticity of the medals however the collector now wants £10,000 for the medals-non negotiable.
I have some savings to use for the medals but I have been in contact with different organisations to help me reach the target figure I need. My hope is to display my dad's medals along with the story of the brave men involved in the Yangtze Incident at the Somme Heritage Centre in N Ireland . If any organisations or individuals would like to help.
Kind regards,
Update
Aug. 27, 2013
I would like to announce that I have successfully repatriated my Dad's medals (Stoker Samuel Bannister), of HMS Amethyst (shown below). His three medals are now back with our family after a long long search and much correspondence. I have also been able to liaise with a local war museum ( The Somme Heritage centre ) who are very keen to hold an exhibition on the Yangtze Incident and centre stage will be my dad's three medals along with a certified copy of the coxswains log from the Amethyst. If anyone would like to add anything to the exhibition I would be very keen to hear from them.
I was also wondering if yourself or Stewart or indeed anyone could shed some light on a query we have, it is rumored that the sailors involved in the Yangtze Incident were all presented with a boxed set of medallions witch had the captains hail on them i.e. 'Have rejoined the fleet- God save the King' If anyone knows if this is true or has any other details I would really appreciate it. Thank you Michael and well done on the upkeep of the website site.
Kind regards,
Reply 1.
Aug. 28, 2013
I am so pleased that you have recovered your Father's medals. I have a large amount of Yangtze Incident memorabilia. Mainly newspaper cuttings, photographs, books and videos. I still get enquiries about the Incident so I often refer to my collection; consequently I would be reluctant to lend it all for your exhibition. It would be possible to make copies of photographs and newspaper articles etc. I helped to produce the YI exhibition in the Plymouth Museum in 1999 and I have photographs and correspondence linked to this exhibition. I would be pleased to help with the exhibition; could you say when it opens and for how long it will run.
You asked about a special medal. I submit two photographs. This medal was specially struck by George Hickinbottom and presented to those who were onboard AMETHYST when she escaped from the Yangtze in July 1949. I do not think we had your Father's address when the Reunion was held at which these medals were handed out by George. I do not know what George did with undistributed medals, so I cannot say if your Father ever received his medal.
Regards,
(Photo courtesy of David Bannister)
101.
Oct. 3, 2012
For some reason I have resurrected memories from my childhood that relate to a local lad who was aboard HMS Amethyst during the Yangtze incident. The following extract from an e-mail I sent to a resident of his village will show what my thoughts were:
Able Seaman Albert Williams [or AB Williams RN; Alby was born in 1930, a contemporary of my brother] lived in the terrace [SW3919434650] overlooking the fields (they have added gardens since my childhood!) towards the Stennack at Bojewyan perhaps 100 yards up the lane from Bojewyan House. He is of interest because he was aboard the RN frigate HMS Amethyst F116 trapped on the Yangtze River on 20th April 1949 narrowly escaping death when his comrade was dropped immediately beside him on deck; 19 yrs old Alby was so shocked that he needed a brief spell in the sick bay.
Upon his return home, the local headmaster (Mr. Luke) persuaded Alby to talk to us kids at Pendeen School but like a lot of the local lads was not given to public show and speaking. I suspect that everybody was awestruck since I cannot recall any special revelations. The shot comrade incident was told by Alby to my brother. You may find some octogenarians who can add to this and possibly can find write-ups in The Cornishman for that period. Sadly, Alby joined the fishing fleets of Newlyn and fell off his boat in Iceland and was crushed against a pier while still a young man, maybe just a couple of years later (from memory).
(Word and Music Nigel Quin )
I'm gonna tell you about Able Seacat Simon
He lived aboard the goodship Amethyst
The only cat to win a bravery medal
His story goes like this:
His ship was caught between the warring Chinese forces
Came under fire from the Communists
Seventeen dead and wounded twenty-five
On the Yangtse River in April forty-nine
Seacat Simon He fought, he loved, he caught
The bravest little cat that went to sea
He comforted the crew
Though he was wounded too
Able Seacat Simon
He had a friend, ship's dog called Peggy
Between them they maintained crew morale
The captain said they gave the ship an air of domesticity
And could forget the heat and mosquitoes for a while
Simon had been injured by the shelling
But still he waged war against the rats
The captain said if we ever
Get out of here alive
I'll make sure there's an award for this cat
Seacat Simon He fought, he loved, he caught
He made it feel like home on the ship
He comforted the crew
| HMS Amethyst |
Who created and drew the comic strip “The Fosdyke Saga”? | Seafaring Cats | Julian Stockwin
Julian Stockwin
News
Seafaring Cats
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When it became apparent that the mighty 140-gun first rate Spanish ship-of-the-line Santisima Trinidad would not survive the raging storm that followed the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 every effort was made to save those souls still alive on board. Officers and seamen were lowered with ropes from the stern and quarter galley windows as boats from nearby British warships came to rescue them. A lieutenant from HMS Ajax, whose boat was the last to leave the scene, reported, “Everything alive was taken out, down to the ship’s cat.” The boat had put off from the starboard quarter of Santisima Trinidad when a cat ran out on the muzzle of one of the lower-deck guns and gave a plaintive miaow. Ajax’s boat promptly returned to the stricken ship and carried the grateful creature off to safety.
Sailors lovingly fashioned miniature feline hammocks
Scratch most mariners and you will find a soft spot for cats. I remember during my own time at sea hulking great engine room stokers lovingly crafting miniature hammocks for the ship’s cat from scraps of canvas.
My own two Siamese cats Chi and Ling here act as on call literary muses as I write my novels about the Age of Sail. Despite their undoubted contribution to my daily wordage, sadly they seem to have no sea-going ambitions!
My literary helpers
Since very early times cats were thought to bring good luck aboard ship, a belief that interestingly crossed cultures. Japanese sailors, for example, favoured tortoiseshell cats, to protect them from ghosts and give warnings of storms.
And of course when grains and foodstuffs aboard were stored in bulk, cats were indispensable in keeping rats and mice at bay.
But I’m sure it was for their companionship and affection that cats have been most valued by seamen over the centuries. (Pets are no longer allowed in the Royal Navy and many other navies. Fear of rabies led to a ban in the 1970s.)
Of all the sea-going cats who have enriched people’s lives over the years I’ve picked my favourite three – Trim, Simon and Oscar.
Trim, beloved cat of explorer Matthew Flinders
Trim
Trim was a ship’s cat, much beloved of the navigator and cartographer Matthew Flinders. Born in 1799, aboard a ship ’roundabout’ on a voyage from the Cape of Good Hope to Botany Bay, the kitten fell overboard, but managed to swim back to the vessel and climb aboard by scaling a rope. Taking note of his strong survival instinct and intelligence, Flinders and the crew made him their favourite.
Trim sailed with Flinders on HMS Investigator on his 1801-03 voyages of circumnavigation around the Australian mainland, and survived the destruction of Porpoise on Wreck Reef in 1803. When I wrote COMMAND I took special delight in having my fictional hero Thomas Kydd meet Flinders – and Trim – in the penal colony of New South Wales.
When Flinders was accused of spying and imprisoned by the French in Mauritius on his return voyage to England Trim shared his captivity until he unexplainedly disappeared. Flinders believed he had been killed and eaten.
Trim was black, with white paws, chin and chest. He was named after the butler in Laurence Sterne’s ‘Tristram Shandy’, because Flinders considered him to be a faithful and affectionate friend. During his incarceration Flinders wrote a biographical tribute to Trim, part of which is quoted on a plaque under a bronze statue of Trim at the Mitchell Library in Sydney, Australia.
TO THE MEMORY OF TRIM
The best and most illustrious of his race
The most affectionate of friends,
faithful of servants,
and best of creatures …
Simon
Simon was born in 1947 in the naval dockyard in Hong Kong. He was smuggled aboard the sloop HMS Amethyst by Ordinary Seaman George Hickinbottom.
Aboard ship he was much loved by the crew, including the captain, who only had to whistle and Simon appeared at his side. Simon loved to curl up inside his upturned gold-braided cap when it was not being worn.
Amethyst was ordered to sail up the Yangtze River to relieve the guardship HMS Consort who was protecting the British Embassy at Nanking during the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communists. During the voyage Amethyst came under heavy fire from shore batteries on April 20, 1949 and a series of direct hits crippled the ship. Fifteen men were killed, including the captain and many were wounded. Simon was among the casualties with several wounds from shrapnel.
The ship ran aground and some of the crew managed to swim to safety but 50 remained on board. HMS Consort came to their aid but also came under heavy fire with casualties. Other rescue attempts resulted in more losses. For more than three months Amethyst was held captive by the communists and denied any supplies, insisting that the captain sign a statement that the ship had wrongly invaded Chinese national waters and had fired on them first.
Simon saved many lives by protecting the dwindling food stores from the infestation of rats even though he was still recovering from his wounds. One particularly bold and vicious rat was named ‘Mao Tse Tung’ by the sailors. Simon dealt with him in short order.
He also boosted morale in the sick bay by sitting on the bunks of the wounded and allowing himself to be fussed over. His courage was a tonic for the embattled crew who kept a running list of his kills. For war-weary Britons he became a plucky symbol of resistance.
Amethyst finally made a run for open waters on July 31 under cover of darkness and broke through the boom at the head of the river at full speed.
By the time the ship had returned to the UK on November 1, 1949 Simon had become a celebrity and thousands of letters were written to him. Lt Cdr Stuart Hett was appointed Amethyst’s Chief Cat Officer to deal with his fan mail. Simon was put in quarantine but there he pined for his shipmates and died. He received, posthumously, the prestigious PDSA Dickin Medal, the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross.
Oscar survived the sinking of Bismarck – and the loss of two other ships
Oscar
Oscar was the ship’s cat aboard the German battleship Bismarck. When the ship was sunk in 1941, only 116 out of a crew of more than 2,200 survived. Oscar was found shivering on a plank amidst the wreckage of Bismarck and was picked up by the crew of the destroyer HMS Cossack, which was in turn hit and sunk, a few months later, killing 159 of her crew. Again, Oscar survived.
The plucky feline then became the ship’s cat of HMS Ark Royal but shortly after his arrival, the ship was torpedoed and a bedraggled Oscar once again was pulled from the sea, ending up back in Gibraltar.
By now he was seen as a Jonah and not surprisingly, offers to return to sea were not hugely forthcoming, but there on land he took up residence in the office of the Captain of the Port. He saw out the end of his days in style in the dockyard, though, as somewhat of a celebrity. He was given a new job as mouser-in-residence at the governor general of Gibraltar’s office. He eventually returned to the U.K. and lived out his years at the Home for Sailors.
A version of this article first appeared in “Quarterdeck”
An Excerpt from KYDD…
…Worn out by the trials and challenges of the day, some instinct drove him ever down to seek surcease in the deepest part of the ship. He found himself in the lowest deck of all, stumbling along a narrow dark passage past the foul smelling anchor cable, laid out in massive elongated coils.
Kydd felt desperately tired. A lump rose in his throat and raw emotion stung his eyes; utter despair clamped in. He staggered around a corner and just at that moment the lights of a cabin spilled out as a door opened. It was the boatswain, who looked at him in surprise.
“Got yourself lost then?” he said.
“Nowhere t’ sleep,” mumbled Kydd, fighting waves of exhaustion. “Jus’ came on the ship today,” he said. He swayed, but did not care.
The boatswain looked at him narrowly. “That’s right—saw you at the fore capstan. Well, lad, don’t worry—First Luff has a lot on his plate right now, sure he’ll see you in the morning.”
He considered for a moment. “Come with me.” He pulled at some keys on a lanyard and used them to open a door in the centre of the ship.
“We keeps sails in here. Get your swede down there ’til morning, but don’t tell anyone!” He turned on his heel and thumped away up the ladder.
Kydd felt his way into the room. It stank richly of linseed oil, tar and sea-smelling canvas, but blessedly he could feel the big bolsters of sails that could serve as his bed, and he crumpled into their soft resistance.
He lay on his back, staring up into the darkness at the one or two lanthorns in the distance outside that still glowed a fitful yellow.
Cutting into his surging thoughts, his feral instincts jerked him into full alert. He knew for a certainty that he was not alone. His mind flooded with primitive fears; he sat up, straining to hear.
Without warning, a shape launched itself straight at him. He mouthed a scream; but with a low ‘miaow’ there was a large cat on his lap, circling contentedly. Kydd stroked the creature compulsively, again and again, the contrast between its warm furry trust and his recent experiences overwhelming.
The cat purred in ecstasy before stretching out comfortably and settling down. Kydd crushed the animal to him, and first one tear, then another fell on its fur…
Copyright notices
Trim: Rodney Burton [CC BY-SA 2.0 ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0 )%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Cat in hammock: By Beadell, S J (Lt), Royal Navy official photographer [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Bismarck: Bundesarchiv, Bild 193-04-1-26 / CC-BY-SA [CC BY-SA 3.0 de ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en )%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Every effort is made to honour copyright but if we have inadvertently published an image with missing or incorrect attribution, on being informed of this, we undertake to delete the image or add a correct credit notice
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Greyhounds racing out of trap two wear which colour of jacket? | Greyhound Racing from The Good Gambling Guide
Greyhound Racing
With attendances reaching three million and £2.5 billion wagered on races each year, it is no surprise that greyhound racing remains one of the country's most popular spectator sports
Twenty five tracks offer quality restaurants, bars and corporate facilities envied by the rest of the entertainment industry. Between them, they host 70,000 races a year, each featuring six beautiful, sleek greyhounds racing with breathtaking speed and agility. With races taking place every fifteen minutes at most tracks, its non-stop action
American Owen Patrick Smith introduced greyhound racing to Britain in its modern day format. Having invented the very first mechanical lure and circular track in the US in 1925, Belle Vue Stadium of Manchester opened in 1926.
History
Owen Patrick Smith together with politician Brigadier-General Alfred Critchley and entrepreneur Sir William Gentle set up the Greyhound Racing Association (the GRA) in 1926. The GRA built the very first purpose built greyhound racing stadium in Britain in the Gorton area of Manchester in 1926. Belle Vue Stadium, as it was called, held its first meeting on the 24th July 1926 and 1700 people went through the gates to watch six races of seven greyhounds take place. A red greyhound named Mistley won the first race by eight lengths at odds of 6/1. Within weeks crowds of 11,000 per meeting were clambering to see this exciting new sport
By the end of 1926 the GRA was able to repay an initial bank loan and begin planning expansion into London. This was White City, a stadium originally built for the London Olympics in 1908, and was bought and opened for greyhound racing in 1927. Later that year White City held the very first Greyhound Derby with a prize of £1,000. The Derby is still the biggest race in the greyhound racing calendar and is now held at Wimbledon stadium in south west London.
In 1928 the National Greyhound Racing Club was set up to establish and enforce a set of rules for racing. Greyhound Racing very quickly became an extremely popular pastime with superstars such as Mick the Miller getting hero status. The boom of racing was however checked by the Second World War. When it that ended expension returned and the boom continued throughout the 50s and 60s.
With the advent of televised horse racing attendances began to fall in the late 60s and a general slump in the 70s caused several tracks to close.
In 1979 the British Greyhound Racing Board was set up to enable various stake holders in the sport to discuss the promotion and improvement of the greyhound racing industry, to consult with the NGRC regarding the rules of racing and to improve the care and welfare of the greyhound. On the 1st January 2009 the Greyhound Board of Great Britain (the GBGB) became operational, taking on the functions of both the British Greyhound Racing Board and the National Greyhound Racing Club.
As a betting product, greyhound racing has never been more popular. Some £2.5bn is staked on the outcome of greyhound races each year, but a falling percentage of that is being traded at the tracks. As of 1st September 2007, the Gambling Commission came into being, introducing under its licence conditions many of the new laws set out in the 2005 Gambling Act. Among them, licensed betting shops became able to trade until 22.00 every evening throughout the year. Prior to that, evening opening of betting shops had been restricted to May-August.
A percentage of off course betting turnover (currently 0.6% of turnover) is returned to the sport via a voluntary levy. It amounts to approximately £12m per annum and is used to finance welfare and integrity work, plus promotion of the sport and commercial activities.
Greyhound Colours
Red jacket with a white number
Blue jacket with a white number
White jacket with a blue number
Black jacket with white number
Orange jacket with a black number
Black and white tripe jacket with a red number
How To Bet
Betting on Greyhound Races : The most popular way to bet is on the tracks own tote but many punters like to bet with the often colourful bookmakers who ply their trade usually by the side of the track. Most bookmakers will only accept win bets and punters take the price on the bookies board at the time they strike the bet.
Tote Bets
Win only - Choosing a greyhound to be first past the post.
Place only - Choosing a greyhound to be either first or second.
Forecast - Picking two greyhounds to finish first and second. A popular bet is a reversed forecast which means your choice can be first and second in either order.
Trio or trifecta - Very much the same as a forecast but, as the name implys, punters have to pick the first three home.
All-Ways Forecast - Pick 3 dogs & predict the 1st and 2nd in ANY order which is six bets in one. If any of the three greyhounds fill first and second, the bet has been successful.
All-Ways Trio - Pick 3 dogs & predict the 1st, 2nd and 3rd in ANY order which is six bets in one.
Speciality bets - Most tracks run Jackpots and other unusual bets which involve the outcome of more than one race. Further information on these types of wagers can be obtained from the track you plan to visit. e.g. Pick 6 Jackpot means picking the winner of the six jackpot leg races using the card provided.
The Races
Greyhound Race types : At the top of each racecard there will be information telling you the name of the race, the time it will be off, the race number (sometimes up to 15), the race distance in metres and then the type of race. The type of race will be described by alpha-numeric codes as follows:
OR
An open race for any grade of dog, usually the best greyhounds
A (1-12)
Graded race for dogs of similar ability. Appears as A1, A2, etc.
P
Puppy races for dogs of between 15 and 24 months old
HCP
Handicap race where dogs get a distance handicap starting from different positions
H
Hurdle race where dogs jump at least three hurdles
S (1-6)
Six bend race. Appears as S1, S2, etc
The Race Card
Greyhound Race Card : For each race dogs are listed in trap order under the heading of the time of the race, the prize money, the distance and then the type of race.
Date/Track
Last time raced and where
Dist
| Blue |
Telly Savalas played the villainous Blofeld in which James Bond film? | Runner or Vacant - The Science of Greyhound Racing Prediction
Runner or Vacant
Links
4 - Runner or Vacant
In this section I discuss the maximum number of dogs in a race and explain the importance of the trap draw when predicting races around the world. Also mentioned are the trap colours used in the GP v2.0 Software Program.
Is this greyhound a runner?
Greyhound Predictor v2.0 lets you simulate races that include vacant traps!
This special feature allows you to take out non runners (n/r) and create your own greyhound trial sessions - raceform statistic class or grade T = trial, T2 = 2 dog trial, T3 = 3 dog trial etc, solo trial = 'solo' or 'st' in America or 'pt' or 'qt' in Australia. All combinations of a maximum 8 dogs are available!
In the United Kingdom races are limited to six dogs, with one exception being Towcester who reintroduced eight dog racing. Shawfield still holds five dog races! In America and Australia the maximum number of runners allowed is eight, although both nine and ten dog races were previously held.
In English graded racing each dog's starting position is allocated by the racing manager. An (R) written after a greyhound's name always indicates to a railer and will be issued with a 'rails tag' and seeded rails. The first railer drawn from the 'trap draw' occupies the first available inside trap position.
All middle trackers have the letter (M) after their name and will be given a 'middle tag' and seeded middle. Due to a change in the draw precedure, the first middle seed drawn out now occupies the first available position placed next to the nearest inside runner.
In UK form a (W) after a dog's name indicates to a wide runner and will be given a 'wide tag' and seeded wide. The first wide seed out always occupies the outside trap. Only extremely rarely when there are six wides in a final or in a handicap race will a wide racer ever occupy the inside box.
The procedure for Open Race trap draws under the GBGB equal distribution rules, means that three seperate draws take place with railers drawn first, then middle trackers and lastly the wide runners. The first railer out goes in the inside box of Heat 1, the second in the inside box of Heat 2 etc.
Some dogs when first trialed at a new track for a forthcoming 'Open Event' may alter their natural racing line. The trainer with the owners permission may then decide to ask the 'racing manager' for a change to their dog's seeding position. This will only be granted when it is genuinely believed the dog would perform better if allowed to start future races from a different trap position. I believe the reasoning behind this is based purely in the 'interests of safety' as overall it promotes cleaner trouble free greyhound racing and thus encourages dogs to perform to their maximum capabilities.
Alternatively in America, Australia and New Zealand there is no race seeding! any runner can be drawn in any post position, no preferences are given and therefore "the luck of the box draw" will always play a leading role in determining results and is an important factor to take into consideration!
I suggest you first conduct your own private trials! in order to see how different 'trap positions' affect performances. Please note: The option to trial dogs and then 'RACE AGAIN' is only fully functional in the full registered version .
When betting on races, it's generally thought that dogs drawn next to a 'vacant trap' have a "good draw" as theoretically with more 'racing room' they've a better chance of breaking well in the early stages! Although this always depends on the individual 'make-up' of each race!
Now check the formlines and enter Runner or Vacant.
Greyhound Racing Colours
Since world governing bodies have their own respective colour code of jackets, rugs or blankets there can often be a confusion identifying the runners when watching dog races on television or viewing via the Internet. This will always exist until all greyhound jacket colours are unified!
Here at Greyhound Predictor we found ourselves choosing our own racing colours, wishing to appeal to all 'racing fans' worldwide we decided the following colours would hopefully be considered a fair choice:
GREYHOUND PREDICTOR TRAP COLOURS
TRAP 7 = GREEN/WHITE STRIPES
TRAP 8 = PINK
Our reasons for selecting these colours were as follows: The first 3 traps, Red = T1, Blue = T2 and White = T3 just so happen to be the same colours used by the UK, Irish, European and American greyhound industries, and therefore the choice of selecting them was simply made for us.
Choosing the next 3 colours was difficult, as each of the respective nations use different colours for each trap. After careful thought, we decided to stay with the colours in GP v1.0 and use the European and British greyhound racing colours: Black = T4, Orange = T5, and Black / White stripes = T6.
The task of choosing the colour of Trap 7 was again made difficult, as all greyhound racing nations use different colours. However, it was decided to represent the American dog industry and use the colour of Green and White Stripes = T7.
Lastly, it was decided that Trap 8 should in fairness represent the Australian and New Zealand industries and therefore the famous Pink Jacket = T8.
AMERICAN GREYHOUND BLANKET COLORS
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Albert Christian Edward as the three other forenames of which member of the Royal family? | Prince William and Catherine Middleton: The Royal Wedding of 2011 | United Kingdom | Britannica.com
Prince William and Catherine Middleton: The Royal Wedding of 2011
United Kingdom
Westminster Abbey
The wedding on April 29, 2011, of Prince William of Wales to his longtime girlfriend, Catherine Middleton , prompted lavish preparations in the United Kingdom . Though many of the finer details surrounding the wedding were closely guarded by the British royal family, especially so that the couple could maintain some privacy and preserve a few elements of surprise, public curiosity prompted the royal family, in the weeks leading up to the event, to release a number of facts about the eagerly anticipated nuptials, which the media dubbed the “wedding of the century.” In this special feature, Britannica profiles the couple and their courtship and provides some key facts of that day, notably the route of the royal procession and the family tree of the house of Windsor , as well as excerpts from Britannica’s past coverage of British royal nuptials.
Prince William and his bride, Catherine, leaving Westminster Abbey after their wedding, April 29, …
Tom Hevezi/AP
Map of the procession route for the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, London, …
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
House of Windsor family tree.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Prince William of Wales
William Arthur Philip Louis Windsor was born on June 21, 1982, in Paddington, London, the elder son of Charles, prince of Wales , and Diana, princess of Wales , and second in line (after Charles) to the British throne. William received his early education at Wetherby School in London and later attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire (1990–95) and Eton College in Windsor (1995–2000). The following year he spent traveling before enrolling at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, where he would study art history , social anthropology, and geography. Having been exposed to charitable activities early in his life, he devoted the year to volunteering in Chile , working at a British dairy farm, and visiting Belize and various African countries. In 2005 William graduated from St. Andrews with a degree in geography, and the following year he entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst; he received his commission in the Household Cavalry in 2006.
Prince William of Wales, 2008.
Adrian Dennis—AFP/Getty Images
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Despite his willingness to join British forces in Iraq, military officials suggested that neither William nor his younger brother, Harry , should serve, because they could become specific targets of attack, thereby putting their fellow soldiers at risk. (Harry briefly served in Afghanistan , however). In 2008 William went on attachment to the Royal Air Force and then to the Royal Navy , so that he could gain experience in all three major branches of the armed services. In 2010 he completed his training as a helicopter pilot in the RAF Search and Rescue Force and began a tour of duty in Wales .
William ranks among the most popular figures of the royal family. Much like his father, William is an avid sportsman. He was admired for his public poise and grace following his mother’s death in a car crash in Paris in 1997, and 10 years later William and Harry organized a London memorial service to mark the anniversary of her death.
Catherine Elizabeth Middleton
Catherine Elizabeth Middleton was born on January 9, 1982, in Reading , Berkshire , England , the eldest of three children of Michael and Carole Middleton. Her siblings include a sister, Philippa (Pippa), and a brother, James. Her parents met while working as flight attendants at British Airways , and in 1987 they founded a mail-order business selling supplies for children’s parties. The success of that venture, along with a family inheritance, allowed them to send Catherine to a prep school and then to the prestigious Marlborough College in Wiltshire, England. At Marlborough , Catherine (by then called Kate) was known as a serious, levelheaded student, excelling in both athletics—she captained the school’s field hockey team—and academics. In 2001 Kate went on to the University of St. Andrews in Scotland , where she studied art history. After graduating from St. Andrews in 2005, she briefly worked as an accessories buyer for a clothing retailer, and she later assumed various roles at her parents’ company while also performing a host of charity work.
Catherine Middleton, 2008.
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Prince William of Wales and Catherine Middleton met in 2001 while art history students at the University of St. Andrews. In 2002 William reportedly paid £200 (about $300) to reserve a front-row seat at a charity fashion show at which Kate modeled a sheer black lace dress. At the beginning of their sophomore year at university, they shared a four-bedroom Edwardian townhouse in Fife with two other students, though Middleton was then dating another student. William and Kate were often seen in the company of friends socializing and drinking at their favourite pubs. In 2003 the four friends rented a cottage outside town, and by Christmas of that year the couple was romantically linked. In March 2004 they were photographed together waiting in line for a ski lift at a Swiss resort, thus appearing to confirm their relationship. The following year they enjoyed holidays together abroad and also spent time alone on weekends at a cottage on Queen Elizabeth ’s Balmoral estate. The couple remained cautious around the paparazzi, though they were reportedly hounded, and they were photographed kissing in January 2006. In 2007 the couple’s relationship took a brief (April–June) hiatus . In April 2008 Kate attended the ceremony at which William received his wings as a qualified RAF pilot. In March 2010 Prince William moved into a cottage in northern Wales, which was near his RAF Valley post on Anglesey; Kate moved into the cottage that June.
The engagement
William and Catherine
Following several years of intense speculation from the British media about the couple’s marriage plans—during which time Kate was dubbed “Waity Katie”—it was announced in November 2010 that the two were engaged. In October 2010 William proposed to Kate while on holiday in Kenya . (Following her engagement, she reverted to the more formal Catherine.) On November 16, 2010, Clarence House (the official residence of the Prince of Wales and his wife Camilla, duchess of Cornwall [formerly Camilla Parker Bowles]) confirmed the engagement. The ring bestowed to Catherine was the 18-carat white gold engagement ring that includes a large oval sapphire surrounded by 14 round diamonds that was first worn by William’s mother, Princess Diana . It had been created by then royal jeweler Garrard. Catherine’s blue engagement dress mirrored the colour of the ring, and identical dresses sold out at London’s Harvey Nichols department store in a matter of hours.
Prince William of Wales and Catherine Middleton, St. James’s Palace, London, 2010.
John Stillwell—PA/AP
The ceremony took place in London at 11:00 am local time on April 29, the feast day of St. Catherine of Siena .
Prime Minister David Cameron proclaimed the day to be a national holiday.
The venue was Westminster Abbey , where William’s grandparents Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip were married (November 20, 1947) and where his mother’s funeral service was held (1997).
The officiants of the ceremony included the dean of Westminster, the Very Reverend John Hall , who conducted the wedding service; the archbishop of Canterbury , the Most Reverend and Right Honourable Dr. Rowan Williams , who married the couple; and the bishop of London, the Right Reverend and Right Honourable Dr. Richard Chartres, who gave the address.
The occasion was dubbed a “semi-state wedding” rather than a formal state occasion because William was neither the sovereign nor the direct heir to the throne.
Nearly 1,900 guests attended the ceremony, including heads of state of the Commonwealth, crown royals from around the world, and friends and family of the bride and groom.
On the eve of the wedding, Catherine and her immediate family stayed overnight at the Goring Hotel near Buckingham Palace .
The couple rode in the royal carriage used by William’s parents at their 1981 nuptials.
Sarah Burton , who took over as creative director of Alexander McQueen (a part of PPR) after the designer ’s suicide in 2010, designed a floor-length ivory dress for the bride that combined tradition with modernity. The long-sleeved dress, which narrowed at the waist and was padded at the hip (a signature of McQueen’s design), was made of white satin gazar and featured a lace-applique bodice that was handmade, along with the skirt, by the Royal School of Needlework. The skirt of ivory silk tulle incorporated the symbolic rose of England, thistle of Scotland, daffodil of Wales, and shamrock of Ireland . The bride wore a Cartier halo diamond tiara that was made in 1936 and given to Queen Elizabeth by her mother and a full veil made of Chantilly lace . Her train measured 9 feet (2.7 metres). The wedding dress and the name of its designer had remained shrouded in secrecy until the day of the wedding.
In accordance with tradition, the bride’s bouquet contained a sprig of myrtle from the bush grown from the myrtle included in the bouquet carried by Queen Victoria during her 1840 nuptials. The bouquet also featured fragrant white hyacinth, lily of the valley, ivy, and sweet William . Per custom, the bouquet was later placed on the grave of the Unknown Warrior at Westminster Abbey .
Prince William broke with protocol and asked his brother, Harry, to serve as his best man. (When the groom is of royal birth, he usually has a “supporter” rather than a best man.) Two pages (honorary attendants) were also selected: (1) William (Billy) Lowther-Pinkerton, who was the 10-year-old son of James (Jamie) Lowther-Pinkerton (Jamie served as William and Harry’s part-time private secretary) and Susannah Lowther-Pinkerton (née Richards), and (2) Tom Pettifer, who was the eight-year-old son of Charles Pettifer and Alexandra (“Tiggy”) Pettifer (née Legge-Bourke) and was William’s godson.
Catherine’s maid of honour was her sister, Pippa. Catherine selected four additional bridesmaids: (1) Lady Louise Windsor, who was the seven-year-old daughter of the earl and countess of Wessex, Prince Edward and Sophie , (2) the Honourable Margarita Armstrong-Jones, the eight-year-old daughter of Viscount and Viscountess Linley, (3) Grace van Cutsem, who was the three-year-old daughter of Hugh and Emilie van Cutsem and was William’s goddaughter, and (4) Eliza Lopes, who was the three-year-old daughter of Harry Lopes and Laura Lopes (née Parker Bowles) and granddaughter of the duchess of Cornwall.
A reception for about 600 guests—who enjoyed wine, champagne, and canapés—was hosted by the queen at Buckingham Palace and was followed a few hours later by a dinner dance hosted by Prince Charles for 300 guests.
For the reception, Catherine wore a dress that, like her wedding dress, was designed by Sarah Burton . The all-white strapless satin gown featured a sweetheart neckline, a circle skirt, and a diamanté-embroidered detail around the waist. It was paired with a white angora bolero cardigan.
The wedding cake was a multitiered fruitcake created by English pastry chef and entrepreneur Fiona Cairns. A chocolate biscuit (cookie) cake made by McVitie’s Cake Company was also served.
The couple asked that all gifts be sent in the form of donations to the Royal Wedding Charity Fund, a subset of the Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry, which was established in September 2009.
On the day of the wedding, Queen Elizabeth gave William the title duke of Cambridge (in keeping with his status as second in line to the throne). In addition, he was named earl of Strathearn (a Scottish title) and Baron Carrickfergus . Catherine was given the title duchess of Cambridge. (If the queen had not conferred a new title, Catherine would have been known as Princess William.)
Catherine wore a wedding band made of traditional Welsh gold that is owned by the royal family. William, however, broke with tradition and decided to forego wearing a wedding band entirely, because of his personal distaste for jewelry.
The day prior to the wedding, it was reported that Prince William and Catherine had invited British singer Ellie Goulding to perform at their wedding reception.
Karen Sparks
Britannica’s coverage of past British royal weddings
Since Victoria ’s wedding to Albert in February 1840, their descendants—the members of the house of Windsor —have been parties to more than two dozen weddings. Some of those marriages were brief, others long; death parted some of the couples, while others divorced. The following excerpts from past editions of the Britannica Book of the Year, which began publication in 1938, capture a vivid history of British royal weddings during the 20th century.
Opium Wars
In 1938 the Britannica Book of the Year published a biography of the man who, until December 1936, was known as Edward VIII . “I have found it impossible to carry on the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge the duties of King as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love,” he said, in explanation of his abdication as king, in a radio broadcast. That woman was the American socialite Wallis Warfield , known as Wallis Warfield Simpson when she began a friendship with Edward in 1930; she had been once divorced then, and in 1936 she would begin pursuing divorce from her second husband. Her history, however, rendered her a politically unpalatable wife for Edward. They married in 1937 and spent much of the following decades in continental Europe. Not until 1967 were they invited to participate in an official public ceremony with other members of the royal family.
Windsor, Edward, H.R.H. the Duke of (1894– ), formerly H.M. King Edward VIII of Great Britain and Ireland; the eldest son of King George V , he succeeded to the throne on Jan. 20, 1936, but in view of the advice of his ministers that his projected marriage with Mrs. Simpson, an American citizen whose second divorce was then pending, was incompatible with his retention of the throne, he abdicated on Dec. 11 of the same year, leaving England for Austria, where he took up residence at Schloss Enzesfeld, the home of the Baron Eugene de Rothschild.
In Feb. 1937, the duke was visited by his sister, the princess royal, and her husband the earl of Harewood; and on March 29 he removed from Enzesfeld to St. Wolfgang. On May 4 he joined at the Chateau de Candé, near Tours, Mrs. Simpson (who had meanwhile resumed her maiden name of Warfield), the formalities of whose divorce from her husband Mr. Ernest Simpson, had been completed on the previous day, and on June 3 his marriage with Mrs. Wallis Warfield took place at the chateau, an Anglican clergyman performing the religious ceremony. It had been officially announced a few days previously that the style of “Royal Highness,” enjoyed by the duke, would not be shared by his wife or descendants, if any. After the marriage the duke and duchess travelled to the Castle of Wasserleonburg, in Carinthia, for their honeymoon, remaining there until September, when they removed to Borsodivanka in Hungary, the home of Mr. Charles Bedaux, an industrial psychologist unpopular in American labour circles.
Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, duke of Edinburgh
In 1948, in its entry for Great Britain, the Britannica Book of the Year called 1947 a year “of repeated disappointments and steady perseverance” that “ended on a note of almost unrelieved austerity.” The wedding of Princess Elizabeth to Philip Mountbatten was, however, a sliver of brightness: “though celebrated with restrained festivity, [it] came as a welcome tonic to the public spirits and was an occasion of joy throughout Britain.” Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, and in 2007 she observed her 60th wedding anniversary, the first ever celebrated by a British monarch. The following biography of Elizabeth appeared in 1948 in the Britannica Book of the Year.
Elizabeth, Princess, Duchess of Edinburgh (1926– ), the heiress-presumptive to the British throne, was born on April 21, at London, and until Nov. 1947, when she married the duke of Edinburgh…, was known as Princess Elizabeth. She was 11 when her father was crowned king.
In 1943, in order that Princess Elizabeth “should have every opportunity of gaining experience in the duties which would fall upon her in the event of her succession to the throne,” the Regency act was amended to provide for her appointment as counsellor of state any time after her 18th birthday instead of after her 21st birthday. The first occasion when she was appointed a counsellor of state was in July 1944, when the king visited the forces in Italy. She enrolled in the auxiliary territorial service in 1944, and was commissioned with the rank of junior commander.
In the early months of 1947 she accompanied the king, queen and Princess Margaret on a state visit to the Union of South Africa . She celebrated her 21st birthday in Capetown, and in a broadcast to the empire she declared, “My whole life shall be devoted to your service.”
A court circular from Buckingham palace on July 9 announced her betrothal to Lt. Philip Mountbatten, R.N., and the marriage was solemnized in Westminster abbey on Nov. 20. Philip Mountbatten was created duke of Edinburgh , and after the wedding she was known officially as H.R.H. Princess Elizabeth, the Duchess of Edinburgh. The wedding service was conducted by the archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the archbishop of York and the dean of Westminster.
During the summer Princess Elizabeth opened the royal Welsh agricultural show at Carmarthen, addressed the Church of England Youth council at Canterbury, launched the liner “Caronia” on Clydebank, was elected president of the Royal Society of Arts, and on July 16 created a burgess of Edinburgh. On the occasion of the king’s birthday honours she was awarded the Imperial Order of the Crown of India and on the eve of her wedding appointed a lady of the Order of the Garter.
Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones
In 1961 the Britannica Book of the Year published a biography of Princess Margaret Rose, sister of Queen Elizabeth II. Her engagement to the photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones (who would become the earl of Snowdon) came as a thunderclap when it was announced in February 1960; their wedding followed in May. But she had already been much in the spotlight in the 1950s, particularly after she renounced suitor Capt. Peter Townsend as a prospective husband; she could not marry him because of his previous divorce. An obituary of Margaret published in the Britannica Book of the Year in 2003 concisely summarized the unraveling of her marriage to Armstrong-Jones: “By the 1970s, however, times had changed; both of the Snowdons engaged in public love affairs, and the volatile marriage finally ended in divorce (1978), the first in the British royal family in 400 years.” She did not remarry.
Margaret Rose, second daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, was born at Glamis castle, Angus, Scot., on Aug. 21, 1930. She had a quiet childhood, mostly spent at the royal lodge, Windsor, and was taught mainly by a governess until Feb. 1947, when she went with her parents and sister to South Africa. Her first important engagement alone was in Sept. 1948, when she represented her father at the investiture of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. After the death of her father in 1952 she was much drawn to persons associated with him, among them Group Captain Peter Townsend, a member of King George’s staff, who had divorced his wife. Newspaper comment on the princess’s attachment made it necessary for Townsend to leave the royal service. Early in 1955 Princess Margaret carried out her first Commonwealth tour alone, to the British Caribbean islands. On Oct. 31, 1955, after much speculation concerning the princess and Townsend she issued a statement that she had decided not to marry him. She made a tour of east Africa and Mauritius in 1956 and attended the inauguration of the first parliament of The West Indies in 1958. Names of people whom she might marry were frequently mentioned, but astonishment was great when, on Feb. 26, 1960, her engagement to Antony Armstrong-Jones, a photographer, was announced. The wedding took place in Westminster abbey on May 6. After a honeymoon voyage to the West Indies aboard the royal yacht, the couple took up residence at Kensington palace.
Princess Anne and Mark Phillips
The marriage of Princess Anne and Capt. Mark Phillips could trace its roots, as a dual biography published in the Britannica Book of the Year in 1974 put it, to “their joint interest and prowess in competitive horsemanship.” It was a sport in which, by the early 1970s, both had won team or individual championships. Their wedding in 1973 drew a massive television audience—more than 500 million viewers worldwide, by some estimates. In 1992, however, the marriage ended in divorce; that same year, Anne married Timothy Laurence, a former aide to Queen Elizabeth.
The marriage between Princess Anne and Capt. Mark Phillips, celebrated in Westminster Abbey on Nov. 14, 1973, with brilliant ceremony and televised around the world, was undoubtedly the most notable royal event of the year. Not even Prime Minister Edward Heath’s declaration of a national state of emergency on the eve of the wedding, in view of a rapidly worsening economic situation, could dim the colourful pomp and circumstance of the occasion.
The engagement had been widely expected and was formally announced on May 29. To devoted royalty watchers, the fact that Princess Anne had fallen in love with a commoner probably seemed especially romantic; to others this circumstance appeared an appropriate symbol of the less formal style increasingly adopted by the royal family. The couple had been brought together through their joint interest and prowess in competitive horsemanship, a sport in which both had achieved international status. They first met at a social gathering after the 1968 Mexico Olympic Games, at which Captain (then Lieutenant) Phillips was a reserve rider. Both were members of the British team that won the three-day event at the 1971 European championships at Burghley, Eng., Princess Anne becoming individual European champion. Afterward Captain Phillips went on to become a member of the winning British team at the 1972 Munich (W.Ger.) Olympics. Princess Anne, largely because of the indisposition of her most experienced horse, Doublet, was not included in that team or the one sent to Kiev in the U.S.S.R. for the European championships in September 1973. Defending her title there as an individual rider, she withdrew because of a strained shoulder suffered in a fall.
Princess Anne, the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, was born on Aug. 15, 1950, at Clarence House, London, and educated at Benenden School, near Grassbrook in Kent. She began to carry out public engagements early in 1969, made various state visits abroad with her parents and her brother Prince Charles, and went alone to Hong Kong (1971) and Ethiopia (February 1973).
Captain Phillips was born at Tewkesbury in Gloustershire on Sept. 22, 1948. Educated at Marlborough College and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, he followed his father into the Queen’s Dragoon Guards. On his mother’s side he was descended from a Lutheran German family, a branch of which moved to England early in the 19th century.
Charles, prince of Wales , and Lady Diana Spencer
In 1982 the Britannica Book of the Year published a dual biography of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer that described their wedding in 1981 as a coming together of “the world’s most eligible bachelor” and “the girl next door.” The marriage produced two sons, William and Harry , and ended in divorce in 1996. Diana died the following year, and Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005.
It was to be the year of the fairy tale come true: the announcement was made on Feb. 24, 1981, that the prince of Wales, Prince Charles, heir to the British throne, was to marry a 19-year-old kindergarten teacher, the Lady Diana Spencer. There was, it emerged, one truly fairy-tale aspect to the royal romance. Prince Charles, born Nov. 14, 1948, was to end his media-imposed reign as the world’s most eligible bachelor by marrying the girl next door.
Prince Charles in recent years had become an increasingly popular member of the royal family. Well beloved of the press for his mixed fortunes in sporting activities, he also emerged as a serious though unofficial promoter of British business interests abroad. The British public, however, was more concerned to see him take seriously his own statement of some years past that “a chap like me might expect to marry at about the age of 30.”
Lady Diana, by the time the engagement was announced, had already passed the media test with flying colours. The press photographers had guessed the secret months earlier, and had followed her on her patriotic way to work in her British-Leyland-built Metro and snapped her among her small charges in Pimlico. She was judged to be discreet—no small point in favour of the future wife of the heir to the throne—almost to the point of shyness, a trait that was later belied by her lively sense of humour.
Diana was born the Honourable Miss Diana Frances Spencer on July 1, 1961, at Park House, the home that her parents rented on Queen Elizabeth’s estate at Sandringham, Norfolk, and where her childhood playmates were the queen’s younger sons Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. The third child and youngest daughter of Edward John, Viscount Althorp , heir to the 7th Earl Spencer, and his first wife, Frances Roche, she became Lady Diana Spencer when her father succeeded to the earldom in 1975. Riddlesworth prep school, Norfolk, and West Heath near Sevenoaks, Kent, provided the young Diana’s schooling, during which time she spent summer holidays with her mother in Scotland (her parents divorced when Diana was six). At finishing school in Switzerland she became a competent skier.
But little of her previous life could have prepared Lady Diana for her new role as the princess of Wales. The wedding itself, on July 29 in St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, was a spectacular royal occasion and one of national festivity for the British public, shared in by many visitors from abroad and by millions around the world who watched the ceremony on television. More royal news was to follow when, in early November, the couple announced that they were expecting a child in June.
Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson
In 1987 the Britannica Book of the Year published a dual biography of the duke and duchess of York—or, as they were popularly called at the time, Andy and Fergie. The wedding of Prince Andrew, fourth in line to the British throne, to Sarah Ferguson in 1986 produced two daughters, Beatrice and Eugenie, and ended in divorce in 1996.
On July 23, 1986, Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward, second son of Queen Elizabeth II, married Sarah Ferguson, whom he had known since childhood but who had made a late and relatively unobserved appearance as a prospective wife for the man fourth in line to the British throne. The wedding of “Andy” and “Fergie” was enacted with traditional pomp and circumstance in London’s historic Westminster Abbey. Another chapter in the story of royal romances had been concluded.
Sarah Margaret Ferguson was born on Oct. 15, 1959, in London and grew up in the village of Sunninghill, near Ascot, Berkshire. Though a commoner, she was very much a member of the British royal social circle. Diana, princess of Wales, a longtime friend, was reported to have encouraged the love match. Sarah’s father, Maj. Ronald Ferguson, was polo manager to Charles, prince of Wales. Her parents were divorced and had both remarried—her mother, Susan, to Argentine polo player Hector Barrantes. An unexceptional upbringing in the country, private school, a job with a London publisher: in these the future duchess of York presented a rather sedate image, compared with some of the girlfriends claimed in the past by Fleet Street newshounds as candidates for Prince Andrew’s hand. On being thrust into the public eye, she revealed a bouncy personality and an apparent tolerance of the rigours of public life that made her immediately popular with many British royalty-watchers.
Born on Feb. 19, 1960, at Buckingham Palace, London, Prince Andrew was educated at Gordonstoun school in Scotland and subsequently attended the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth (Devon). Joining the Royal Navy, he served as a helicopter pilot aboard HMS Invincible during the 1982 Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas conflict between the U.K. and Argentina. Immediately after the Falklands campaign, reports that he had gone to relax in the Caribbean with movie actress Koo Stark attracted media interest and (it was suggested) a maternal reprimand. Being fourth in line to the throne meant that Andrew faced less obvious pressures than his elder brother, Charles. However, his commitment to a naval career seemed to have settled the question that historically had perplexed monarchs’ younger sons: what to do.
Public response to the wedding confirmed the enduring appeal of the monarchy to most Britons. The newlyweds received an additional wedding gift from the queen: the titles of duke and duchess of York. The dukedom of York, traditionally given to the sovereign’s second son, was last held by the queen’s father, later King George VI. Prince Andrew was the 13th holder of the title.
| Prince Andrew, Duke of York |
What name is given to the flat topped peaked caps worn by Gendarmes? | British Royals Family Tree | Britroyals
Wessex | Normans | Plantagenet | Tudor | Scottish | Stuart | Hanover | Windsor | Elizabeth II Family
For those interested in Genealogy here is a family tree of the descendants of Alfred the Great who lived 849 - 899, and from whom many of the royal families of Europe are descended. It shows 37 generations and over 3000 individuals including kings and queens of England, Scotland, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Russia, Hanover, Prussia, Bavaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia
Generation No. 1
1. ALFRED THE GREAT, KING OF WESSEX (871-899) 1 was born 849 in Wantage, England, and died 899. He married EALSWITH, daughter of EALDORMAN ETHELRED MUCEL. She died 905
Children of ALFRED and EALHSWITH are:
i. LADY OF MERCIA ETHELFLEDA, b. 869, d. 918; m. EALDORMAN ETHELRED OF MERCIA; d. 910.
2. ii. EDWARD (EADWARD) THE ELDER, b. 871, d. 924.
3. iii. ETHELWERD, b. 880, d. 922.
iv. ABBESS ETHELGIVA OF SHAFTESBURY. d. 896
v. ELFRIDA, d. 929, m. COUNT BALDWIN II OF FLANDERS.
Generation No. 2
2. EDWARD THE ELDER, KING OF WESSEX (899-924) b. 871, died July 17, 924 at Farndon on Dee. He married (1) ECGWYN. He married (2) ELFLEDA He married (3) EDGIVA
More About EDWARD THE ELDER: Burial: Winchester
Children of EDWARD and ECGWYN are:
i. ATHELSTAN, KING OF THE ENGLISH (925-940) , b. 895; d. October 27, 940 at Gloucester. Buried at Malmesbury.
ii. EDITHA, m. KING OF DENMARK SIHTRIC OF NORTHUMBERLAND.
Children of EDWARD and ELFLEDA are:
iii. ETHELWERD 3, d. 924.
iv. EDWIN.
Generation No. 3
4. EDMUND I was born 922, and died May 26, 946. He married (1) ELGIVA. He married (2)ETHELFLEDA OF DOMERHAM, daughter of EALDORMAN ALFGAR OF WILTSHIRE.
More About EDMUND I THE ELDER: Burial: Glastonbury
Children of EDMUND and ELGIVA are:
i. EDWY (EADWIG), KING OF THE ENGLISH (955-959) , b. 941 d. Oct 1, 959 at Gloucester. m. ELGIVA. Buried at Gloucester
5. ii. EDGAR THE PEACEFUL, KING OF THE ENGLISH (959-975) , b. 943; d..July 8, 975 at Winchester. Buired at Glastonbury.
Generation No. 4
5. EDGAR THE PEACEFUL, KING OF THE ENGLISH (959-975) was born 943, and died 975. He married (1) ETHELFLEDA, daughter of EALDORMAN ORDMAER. He married (2)WULFREDA. He married (3) ELFRIDA, daughter of ORDGAR OF DEVON. More About EDGAR THE PEACEFUL: Burial: Glastonbury
Child of EDGAR and ETHELFREDA is:
i. EDWARD THE MARTYR, KING OF THE ENGLISH (975-978) 5 . b. 963, d. (assassinated at Corfe Castle) March 18, 978. Buried at Shaftesbury
Children of EDGAR and ELFRIDA are:
ii. EDMUND 5, d. 970.
6. iii. ETHELRED II THE UNREADY, KING OF THE ENGLISH (978-1016), b. Abt. 968; d. April 23, 1016 at London. Buried St Pauls Cathedral
Generation No. 5
6. ETHELRED II THE UNREADY, KING OF THE ENGLISH (978-1016) was born Abt. 968, and died April 23, 1016 at London. He married (1)ELFREDA (ELFGIVA) Abt. 985, daughter of EALDORMAN THORED. He married (2) EMMA OF NORMANDY 1002, daughter of RICHARD and GUNNOR. She died 1052.
More About ETHELRED II THE UNREADY: Burial: St. Paul's
Children of ETHELRED and ELFREDA are:
7. i. EDMUND II IRONSIDE, KING OF ENGLAND (1016) 6, b. 990, d. November 30,1016 at London. Buried at Glastonbury
ii. ATHELSTAN.
Children of ETHELRED and EMMA are:
xii. ALFRED ATHLING 6, d. 1036.
xiii. EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, KING OF ENGLAND (1042-1066) b. Abt. 1002, Islip, Oxfordshire, England; d. January 5, 1066; m. EDITH (EADGYTH), January 23, 1045; d. .January 5, 1066. She was the daughter of Earl Godwin of Kent.
More About EDWARD THE CONFESSOR: Burial: January 6, 1066, Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About EDITH (EALDGYTH): Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England. Her brother was HAROLD II, KING OF ENGLAND (1066) b. 1022, died in Battle of Hastings October 14, 1066. Harold married 1) Eadgyth Swan-neck and 2) Ealdgyth widow of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
More about EMMA OF NORMANDY. She married (2) CNUT (CANUTE), KING OF DENMARK (1014-1035) AND ENGLAND (1016-1035) b. 995, d. November 12, 1035 at Shaftesbury. He was buried at Winchester. Nephew of EMMA was 8.1 WILLLIAM 1 THE CONQUEROR, DUKE OF NORMANDY AND KING OF ENGLAND (1066-1087) b. 1027 at Falaise in Normandy, d. September 9, 1087.
Children of CNUT and EMMA
Children of CNUT and ELFIGFU OF NORTHAMPTON9
i. SVEGN
ii. HAROLD I HAREFOOT, KING OF ENGLAND (1035-1040) b. 1017, d. March 17, 1040 at Oxford.
Generation No. 6
7. EDMUND II IRONSIDE, KING OF ENGLAND (1016) born 990, died November 30, 1016 in London. He married EALDGYTH. He was uried at Glastonbury
Children of EDMUND and EALDGYTH are:
i. EDMUND 7, b. 990 m. HEDWIG
8. ii. EDWARD ATHLING, b. Abt. 1016; d. 1057.
Generation No. 7
8. EDWARD 7 ATHLING was born Abt. 1016, and died 1057.. He married AGATHA, daughter of KING OF HUNGARY STEPHEN I.
Children of EDWARD ATHLING and AGATHA are:
9. i. ST MARGARET 8, d. 1093.
ii. EDGAR ATHLING.
iii. CHRISTINA.
8.1. WILLLIAM 1 THE CONQUEROR, DUKE OF NORMANDY AND KING OF ENGLAND (1066-1087) (nephew of EMMA QUEEN OF DENMARK and illegitimate son of Robert I Duke of Normandy and Arlette daughter of Fulbert a tanner) was born Sept 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, and died September 9, 1087 in Rouen, France from a riding accident. Buried in St Stephens Abbey, Caen, France. He married MATILDA OF FLANDERS in 1052 at Notre Dame d'Eu, Normandy, France. She was the daughter of Baldwin V of Flanders, was born abt 1031, died November 2, 1083 and buried in Holy Trininity Abbey, Caen, France. William became King of England by defeating Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Children of WILLIAM AND MATILDA are:
i. ROBERT II (CURTHOSE) Duke of Normandy b.1054 d. Feb 10, 1135
ii. RICHARD, DUKE OF BERNAY. b 1055 d. 1081
iii. CECILIA b. 1055 d. July 30, 1126
iv. WILLIAM II RUFUS, KING OF ENGLAND (1087-1100) b. 1056 in Normandy, d. August 2, 1100 of arrow wound while riding in the New Forest. Buried in Winchester.
v. ADELICIA, d. 1065 became a nun
14 vi.ADELA, b. 1062, d. March 8, 1138 m Stephen Henry
vii. AGATHA, b. 1064, d. Aguust 13, 1090 m. Alan IV of Brittany
viiii. CONSTANCE, b. 1066, d. 1090
ix. MATLIDA, d. Before 1112
10. x. HENRY 1 BEAUCLARK, KING OF ENGLAND (1100-1135) b. Sept 1068, d. Dec 1, 1135
Generation No. 8
9. ST MARGARET died 1093. She married KING OF SCOTLAND MALCOLM III CANMORE , son of DUNCAN and SYBIL. He died 1093.
Children of ST MARGARET and MALCOLM are:
10. i. MATILDA (EDITH) OF SCOTLAND 9, b. Dunfermline; d. May 1, 1118, Westminster, Palace, London, England.
11. ii. MARY OF SCOTLAND.
10a. iv. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER I THE FIERCE , b. 1078; d. 1124; m. SYBIL.
12. v. KING OF SCOTLAND DAVID I THE SAINT, b. Abt. 1080; d. 1153.
Generation No. 9
10. MATILDA (EDITH) OF SCOTLAND was born in Dunfermline, and died May 1, 1118 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. She married HENRY I BEAUCLERC, KING OF ENGLAND, August 6, 1100 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, son of WILLIAM and MATILDA. He was born Abt. September 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England, and died December 1, 1135 in St Denis-le-, Fermont, Near Gisors.
More About MATILDA (EDITH) OF SCOTLAND: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY I BEAUCLERC: Burial: Reading Abbey
Children of MATILDA and HENRY are:
13. i. MATILDA (ADELAIDE), b. Winchester; d. September 10, 1167, Rouen.
ii. DUKE OF NORMANDY WILLIAM, b. Bef. August 5, 1103, Winchester; d. November 25, 1120; m. ISABELLA.
In addition Henry had several illegitimate children including
iii. ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER 10, d. 1147.
10a. iv. SYBIL, m. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER I THE FIERCE; b. 1078; d. 1124.
v. RICHARD OF LINCOLN, d. 1120.
11. MARY OF SCOTLAND She married COUNT EUSTACE III OF BOULOGNE.
Child of MARY and EUSTACE is:
14. i. MATILDA OF BOULOGNE 10, b. Boulogne; d. May 3, 1152, Hedingham Castle, Essex, England.
12. KING OF SCOTLAND DAVID I was born Abt. 1080, and died 1153. He married MATILDA (MAUD) OF HUNTINGDON. She was born 1074 and died 1131
Child of DAVID and MATILDA is:
15. i. EARL HENRY OF HUNTINGDON 10, d. 1152.
Generation No. 10
13. MATILDA was born in Winchester, and died September 10, 1167 in Rouen. She married (1) HOLY ROMAN EMPR HENRY V January 7, 1114 in Mainz. He was born 1086, and died May 23, 1125 in Utrecht. She married (2)COUNT OF ANJOU GEOFFREY V PLANTAGENET May 22, 1127 in Le Mans. He died September 7, 1151 in Chateau-du-Loir.
Children of MATILDA and GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET are:
16. i. HENRY II CURTMANTLE, KING OF ENGLAND (1154-1189) 11, b. March 25, 1133, Le Mans; d. July 6, 1189, Chinon.
ii. COUNT OF NANTES GEOFFREY VI OF ANJOU, b. 1134; d. 1158.
iii. COUNT OF POITOU WILLIAM, b. 1136; d. 1164.
14. MATILDA OF BOULOGNE was born in Boulogne, and died May 3, 1152 in Hedingham Castle, Essex, England. She married STEPHEN, KING OF ENGLAND (1135-1154) in 1125 in Westminster, England, son of STEPHEN and ADELA. He was born Abt. 1096 in Blois, France, and died October 25, 1154 in Dover Castle.
More About MATILDA OF BOULOGNE: Burial: Faversham Abbey
More About KING OF ENGLAND STEPHEN: Burial: Faversham Abbey
Children of MATILDA and STEPHEN are:
i. COUNT EUSTACE OF BOULONGNE 11, d. August 10, 1153, Bury St Edmunds; m. CONSTANCE OF TOULOUSE, Aft. February 1i40.
ii. BALDWIN, b. Abt. 1126; d. Bef. December 2, 1135, London, England.
iii. MATILDA, b. Abt. 1133; d. Abt. 1135.
iv. COUNT WILLIAM OF BOULOGNE, b. Abt. 1134; d. October 11, 1159, Toulouse; m. ISABEL DE WARRENNE, Abt. 1149.
v. COUNTESS MARY OF BOULOGNE, b. Abt. 1136; d. 1182, St Austrebert; m. COUNT BOULOGNE MATTHEW OF ALSACE, Abt. 1160.
15. EARL HENRY OF HUNTINGDON died 1152. He married ADA.
Children of HENRY and ADA are:
17. i. EARL DAVID OF HUNTINGDON 11, d. 1219.
18. iii. KING OF SCOTLAND WILLIAM I THE LION.
Generation No. 11
16. HENRY II CURTMANTLE, KING OF ENGLAND (1154-1189) was born March 25, 1133 in Le Mans, and died July 6, 1189 in Chinon. He married ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE May 18, 1152 in Bordeaux, France, daughter of DUKE WILLIAM X OF AQUITAINE following her divorce from Louis VII of France. She was born Abt. 1122 in Bordeaux/Berlin, and died April 1, 1204 in Fontevraud.
More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY II CURTMANTLE: Burial: Fontevraud Abbey
More About DUCHESS ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE: Burial: Fontevraud
Children of HENRY and ELEANOR are:
i. WILLIAM 12, b. August 17, 1152, Normandy, England; d. Abt. April 1156, Wallingford, Castle, Berkshire, England.
ii. HENRY, b. February 28, 1155, Bermondsey; d. June 11, 1183, Martel; m. MARGARET OF FRANCE; d. 1198.
iii. MATILDA (MAUD), b. 1156, London, England; d. June 28, 1189, Brunswick; m. DUKE OF SAXONY HENRY THE LION, February 1, 1168, Minden, Saxony, Germany; d. 1195.
iv. RICHARD I COEUR DE LION, KING OF ENGLAND (1189-1199) AND DUKE OF NORMANDY b. 1157, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; d. April 6, 1199, Chalus, Limousin; m. BERENGARIA OF NAVARRE; b. 1163; d. 1230.
More About KING OF ENGLAND RICHARD I COEUR DE LION: Burial: Fontevraud Abbey
19. v. DUKE OF BRITTANY GEOFFREY, b. September 23, 1158; d. August 19, 1186, Paris.
20. vi. ELEANOR, b. October 13, 1162, Domfront, Normandy; d. October 31, 1214, Burgos.
vii. JOAN PLANTAGENET, b. October 1165, Angers; d. September 4, 1199; m. (1)KING OF SICILY WILLIAM II THE GOOD, February 13, 1177, Palermo, Italy; b. 1166; d. November 18, 1189; m. (2)COUNT RAYMOND VI OF TOULOUSE, October 1196, Rouen.
21. viii. JOHN LACKLAND, KING OF ENGLAND (1199-1216) b. December 24, 1167, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; d. October 19, 1216, Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England.
17. EARL DAVID OF HUNTINGDON died 1219. He married MATILDA, daughter of EARL OF CHESTER HUGH KEVELIOCK. She died 1233.
Children of DAVID and MATILDA are:
22. i. ISOBEL 12, d. 1251.
23. ii. MARGARET, d. 1228.
18. KING OF SCOTLAND WILLIAM I THE LION married ERMENGARDE. She died 1234.
Child of WILLIAM and ERMENGARDE is:
24. i. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER II 12, b. 1198; d. 1249.
Generation No. 12
19. DUKE OF BRITTANY GEOFFREY was born September 23, 1158, and died August 19, 1186 in Paris. He married DUCHESS CONSTANCE OF BRITTANY July 1181, daughter of DUKE CONAN OF BRITTANY. She died 1201.
Children of GEOFFREY and CONSTANCE are:
i. ELEANOR 13, d. 1241.
ii. ARTHUR, b. 1187; d. 1203.
20. ELEANOR was born October 13, 1162 in Domfront, Normandy, and died October 31, 1214 in Burgos. She married KING OF CASTILE ALFONSO VIII September 1170 in Burgos, son of KING OF CASTILE SANCHO III. He was born 1155, and died 1214.
Child of ELEANOR and ALFONSO is:
25. i. BERENGARIA 13, b. 1171; d. 1246.
21. JOHN LACKLAND, KING OF ENGLAND (1199-1216) was born December 24, 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, and died October 19, 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England. He married (1)COUNTESS ISABELLA DE CLARE OF GLOUCESTER August 29, 1189 in Marlebridge, daughter of EARL WILLIAM OF GLOUCESTER. She died November 1217. He married (2)ISABELLA OF ANGOULEME August 24, 1200 in Bordeaux, daughter of AYMER TAILLEFER and ALICE. She was born Abt. 1188 in Angouleme, and died May 31, 1246 in Fontevraud.
More About KING OF ENGLAND JOHN LACKLAND: Burial: Worcester, Cathedral
More About ISABELLA OF ANGOULEME: Burial: Fontevraud Abbey
Children of JOHN and ISABELLA are:
26. i. HENRY III, KING OF ENGLAND (1216-1272) 13, b. October 1, 1207, Winchester, Castle; d. November 16, 1272, Westminster, Palace, London, England.
27. ii. EARL OF CORNWALL RICHARD, b. January 5, 1209, Winchester, Castle, England; d. 1272, Newark Castle, Newark, England.
iii. JOAN, b. July 22, 1210, Gloucester, England; d. March 4, 1238, Near London, England; m. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER II; b. 1198; d. 1249.
iv. ISABELLA, b. 1214, Gloucester; d. December 1, 1241, Foggia; m. EMPEROR FREDERICK II OF GERMANY, July 20, Worms.
28. v. ELEANOR, b. 1215, Gloucester; d. April 13, 1275, Montargis, France.
22. ISOBEL died 1251. She married LORD ROBERT OF ANNANDALE BRUCE.
Child of ISOBEL and ROBERT BRUCE is:
29. i. ROBERT 13 BRUCE, d. 1295.
23. MARGARET died 1228. She married LORD OF GALLOWAY ALAN.
Child of MARGARET and ALAN is:
30. i. DEVORGUILLA 13, d. 1290.
24. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER II was born 1198, and died 1249. He married (1)JOAN, daughter of JOHN and ISABELLA. She was born July 22, 1210 in Gloucester, England, and died March 4, 1238 in Near London, England. He married (2)MARY OF COUCY Aft. 1238.
Child of ALEXADER and MARY is:
31. i. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER III 13, b. 1241; d. 1286.
Generation No. 13
25. BERENGARIA was born 1171, and died 1246. She married KING OF CASTILE ALFONSO IX 1197. He died 1230.
Child of BERENGARIA and ALFONSO is:
32. i. KING OF CASTILE FERDINAND III 14, b. 1199; d. 1252.
26. HENRY III, KING OF ENGLAND (1216-1272) was born October 1, 1207 in Winchester, Castle, and died November 16, 1272 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. He married ELEANOR OF PROVENCE January 4, 1236 in Canterbury, Cathedral, daughter of COUNT RAYMOND OF PROVENCE. She was born Abt. 1217 in Aix-en-Provence, and died June 24, 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire.
More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY III: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About ELEANOR OF PROVENCE: Burial: Convent Church, Amesbury
Children of HENRY and ELEANOR are:
33. i. EDWARD I LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND (1272-1307) 14, b. June 17, 1239, Westminster, Palace, London, England; d. July 7, 1307, Near Carlisle.
34. ii. MARGARET, b. September 29, 1240, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. February 26, 1275, Cupar Castle, Fife.
iii. BEATRICE, b. June 25, 1242, Bordeaux; d. March 24, 1275, London, England; m. EARL OF RICHMOND JOHN OF DREUX, January 22, 1260, St Denis.
35. iv. EARL EDMUND CROUCHBACK OF LEICESTER, b. January 16, 1245, London, England; d. June 5, 1296, Bayonne.
v. RICHARD, b. Abt. 1247; d. Bef. 1256.
vi. JOHN, b. Abt. 1250; d. Bef. 1256.
vii. KATHERINE, b. November 25, 1253, Westminster; d. May 3, 1257, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
viii. WILLIAM, b. Abt. 1256; d. Abt. 1256.
ix. HENRY, b. Aft. 1256; d. Abt. 1257.
27. EARL OF CORNWALL RICHARD was born January 5, 1209 in Winchester, Castle, England, and died 1272 in Newark Castle, Newark, England. He married (1)LADY ISABELLA MARSHAL March 13, 1231 in Fawley, Bucks, daughter of EARL WILLIAM OF PEMBROKE MARSHAL. She was born October 9, 1200 in Pembroke Castle, and died January 15, 1240 in Berkhamsted. He married (2)SANCHIA OF PROVENCE November 23, 1243 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, daughter of COUNT RAYMOND OF PROVENCE BERENGAR. She was born Abt. 1225 in Aix-en-Provence, and died November 9, 1261 in Berkhamsted. He married (3)BEATRIX OF FALKENBURG June 16, 1269 in Kaiserslautern, Germany, daughter of COUNT WILLIAM DE FAUQUEMONT OF MONTJOYE. She was born Abt. 1253, and died October 17, 1277.
More About EARL OF CORNWALL RICHARD: Burial: Worcester, Cathedral
Child of RICHARD and ISABELLA MARSHAL is:
i. HENRY 14, d. 1271.
Children of RICHARD and SANCHIA are:
ii. EARL OF CORNWALL EDMUND 14, d. 1300; m. MARGARET.
iii. RICHARD, d. 1296.
28. ELEANOR was born 1215 in Gloucester, and died April 13, 1275 in Montargis, France. She married (1) EARL OF PEMBROKE WILLIAM MARSHAL April 23, 1224. He died April 24, 1231. She married (2)EARL LEICESTER SIMON DE MONTFORT January 7, 1238 in Westminster. He died August 4, 1265 in Evesham.
Child of ELEANOR and SIMON DE MONTFORT is:
i. 5SONS 1DAU 14 .
29. ROBERT 13 BRUCE died 1295. He married ISOBEL, daughter of EARL GILBERT DE CLARE OF GLOUCESTER. She died 1254.
Child of ROBERT BRUCE and ISOBEL is:
36. i. ROBERT 14 BRUCE, d. 1304.
30. DEVORGUILLA died 1290. She married JOHN BALLIOL.
Child of DEVORGUILLA and JOHN BALLIOL is:
37. i. JOHN 14 BALLIOL, d. 1313.
31. KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER III was born 1241, and died 1286. He married (1)YOLANDE, daughter of COUNT OF DREUX ROBERT IV. He married (2)MARGARET December 26, 1251 in York, daughter of HENRY and ELEANOR. She was born September 29, 1240 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, and died February 26, 1275 in Cupar Castle, Fife.
Child of ALEXANDER and MARGARET is:
38. i. MARGARET 14, b.28 February 1261 , d. 9 April 1283
ii .ALEXANDER, Prince of Scotland, b. 21 January 1264 Jedburgh, d. 28 January 1284 Lindores Abbey; buried in Dunfermline Abbey
ii. DAVID b. 20 March 1272, d. June 1281 Stirling Castle; buried in Dunfermline Abbey
32. KING OF CASTILE FERDINAND III was born 1199, and died 1252.
Children of KING OF CASTILE FERDINAND III are:
39. i. KING OF CASTILE ALFONSO X THE WISE 15, b. Abt. 1226; d. 1284, Seville, Spain.
40. ii. ELEANOR OF CASTILE, b. Abt. 1244, Castile; d. November 24, 1290, Herdeby, Near Grantham, Lincolnshire.
33. EDWARD I LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND (1272-1307) was born June 17, 1239 in Westminster, Palace, London, England, and died July 7, 1307 in Near Carlisle. He married (1)ELEANOR OF CASTILE October 1254 in Las Huelgas, daughter of KING OF CASTILE FERDINAND III. She was born Abt. 1244 in Castile, and died November 24, 1290 in Herdeby, Near Grantham, Lincolnshire. He married (2)MARGUERITE OF FRANCE September 10, 1299 in Canterbury, Cathedral, daughter of PHILIP and MARY. She was born 1279 in Paris, and died February 14, 1317 in Marlborough, Castle.
More About EDWARD I (LONGSHANKS): Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About ELEANOR OF CASTILE: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About MARGUERITE OF FRANCE: Burial: Grey Friars, Church, London, England
Children of EDWARD and ELEANOR are:
i. ELEANOR 15, b. June 17, 1264, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. October 12, 1297, Ghent.
ii. JOAN, b. 1265; d. 1265.
iii. JOHN, b. July 10, 1266, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. August 3, 1271, Westminster, London, England.
iv. HENRY, b. July 13, 1267, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. October 14, 1274, Merton, Surrey.
v. JULIAN (KATHERINE), b. 1271, Holy Land; d. 1271, Holy Land.
vi. JOAN OF ACRE, b. 1272, Acre, Palestine; d. April 23, 1307, Clare, Suffolk, England; m. (1)EARL GLOUCESTER GILBERT DE CLARE, April 30, 1290, Westminster, Abbey, London, England; d. 1295; m. (2) BARON RALPH DE MONTHERMER, January 1297; d. 1305.
vii. EARL OF CHESTER ALFONSO, b. November 24, 1273, Bordeaux; d. August 19, 1284, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
viii. MARGARET, b. September 11, 1275, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. 1318, Brussels; m. DUKE OF BRABANT JOHN II, July 8, 1290, Westminster, Abbey, London, England.
ix. BERENGARIA, b. 1276, Kennington; d. Abt. 1279.
x. MARY, b. March 11, 1278, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. Bef. July 8, 1332, Amesbury.
xi. ALICE, b. March 12, 1279, Woodstock; d. 1291.
xii. ELIZABETH, b. August 1282, Rhuddlan Castle; d. May 5, 1316; m. (1)COUNT OF HOLLAND JOHN I, January 18, 1297, Ipswich; m. (2) EARL OF HEREFORD HUMPHREY DE BOHUN, November 14, 1302, Westminster.
41. xiii. EDWARD II, KING OF ENGLAND (1307-1327), b. April 25, 1284, Caernarvon, Castle, Wales; d. September 21, 1327, Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire.
xiv. BEATRICE, b. Abt. 1286, Aquitaine.
xv. BLANCHE, b. 1290; d. 1290.
Children of EDWARD and MARGUERITE are:
42. xvi. EARL OF NORFOLK THOMAS OF BROTHERTON 15, b. June 1, 1300, Brotherton, Yorkshire, England; d. August 1338.
43. xvii. EARL OF KENT EDMUND OF WOODSTOCK, b. August 5, 1301, Woodstock; d. March 19, 1330, Winchester.
xviii. ELEANOR, b. May 4, 1306, Winchester; d. 1311, Amesbury.
34. MARGARET was born September 29, 1240 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, and died February 26, 1275 in Cupar Castle, Fife. She married KING OF SCOTLAND ALEXANDER III December 26, 1251 in York, son of ALEXANDER and MARY. He was born 1241, and died 1286.
Child is listed above under (31) Alexander III.
35. EARL EDMUND CROUCHBACK OF LEICESTER was born January 16, 1245 in London, England, and died June 5, 1296 in Bayonne. He married (1)AVELINE DE FORZ April 9, 1269 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, daughter of COUNT WILLIAM OF ALBEMARLE DE FORZ. She died November 10, 1274 in Stockwell. He married (2) BLANCHE OF ARTOIS Bef. February 3, 1276 in Paris, France, daughter of ROBERT and UNKNOWN. She died May 2, 1302.
Children of EDMUND and BLANCHE are:
i. EARL LANCASTER THOMAS 15 .
44. ii. EARL LANCASTER HENRY.
36. ROBERT BRUCE died 1304. He married COUNTESS MARGARET OF CARRICK.
Children of ROBERT BRUCE and MARGARET are:
i. EARL OF CARRICK EDWARD 15, d. 1318.
ii. THOMAS, d. 1307.
iii. ALEXANDER, d. 1307.
iv. NIGEL, d. 1306.
45. v. KING OF SCOTLAND ROBERT I BRUCE, b. July 11, 1274; d. June 7, 1329, Cardoss Castle, Firth of Clyde, Scotland.
vi. ISABEL, b. 1358.
37. JOHN BALLIOL b.1240 at Barnard Castle, and died 1313/14 in Normandy. He married ISOBEL, daughter of EARL OF SURREY JOHN DE WARENNE.
Child of JOHN BALLIOL and ISOBEL is:
i. EDWARD 15 BALLIOL, d. 1363.
38. MARGARET28 was born 28 February 1261, and died 9 April 1283 in Bergen, Norway . She married KING OF NORWAY ERIC MAGNUSSON.
Child of MARGARET and ERIC MAGNUSSON is:
i. MARGARET MAID OF NORWAY b. 9 April 1283 in Tonsberg, Norway , d. 26 September 1290 in Orkney
Generation No. 15
39. KING OF CASTILE ALFONSO X THE WISE was born Abt. 1226, and died 1284 in Seville, Spain. He married VIOLANTE OF ARAGON, daughter of JAMES I OF ARAGON and VIOLANTE (YOLANDE) OF HUNGARY.
Childen of ALFONSO and VIOLANTE included:
i. SANCHO IV 16, b. 1258; d. 1296
40. ELEANOR OF CASTILE 15 was born Abt. 1244 in Castile, and died November 24, 1290 in Herdeby, Near Grantham, Lincolnshire. She married EDWARD I LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND October 1254 in Las Huelgas, son of HENRY and ELEANOR. He was born June 17, 1239 in Westminster, Palace, London, England, and died July 7, 1307 in Near Carlisle.
More About ELEANOR OF CASTILE: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About EDWARD I (LONGSHANKS): Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Children are listed above under (33) EDWARD 1, LONGSHANKS.
41. EDWARD II, KING OF ENGLAND (1307-1327) was born April 25, 1284 in Caernarvon, Castle, Wales, and died September 21, 1327 in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire. He married ISABELLA OF FRANCE January 25, 1308 in Bologne, daughter of PHILIP and JOAN. She was born 1292 in Paris, and died August 22, 1358 in Castle Rising, Norfolk, England.
More About KING OF ENGLAND EDWARD II: Burial: Gloucester, Cathedral
More About ISABELLA OF FRANCE: Burial: Grey Friars, Church, London, England
Children of EDWARD and ISABELLA are:
46. i. EDWARD III, KING OF ENGLAND (1327-1377) 16, b. November 13, 1312, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. June 21, 1377, Sheen Palace.
ii. EARL OF CORNWALL JOHN OF ELTHAM, b. Abt. August 15, 1316, Eltham Palace, Kent; d. September 14, 1336, Perth.
iii. ELEANOR, b. June 18, 1318, Woodstock; d. April 22, 1355, Deventer; m. DUKE RAINALD II OF GUELDRES, May 1332, Ni jmegen.
iv. JOAN OF THE TOWER, b. July 5, 1321, Tower of London, London, England; d. September 7, 1362, Hertford; m. KING OF SCOTLAND DAVID II BRUCE, July 17, 1328, Berwick-on-Tweed; b. 1329; d. 1371.
42. EARL OF NORFOLK THOMAS OF BROTHERTON was born June 1, 1300 in Brotherton, Yorkshire, England, and died August 1338. He married (1)ALICE (ITAYLS) HAYLES Abt. 1316, daughter of SIR ROGER OF HARWICH HAYLES. She died Aft. May 8, 1326. He married (2)MARY DE ROS Abt. 1328, daughter of PIERS DE BRAOSE.
Child of THOMAS and ALICE HAYLES is:
i. EDWARD 16, m. BEATRICE.
43. EARL OF KENT EDMUND OF WOODSTOCK was born August 5, 1301 in Woodstock, and died March 19, 1330 in Winchester. He married BARONESS MARGARET OF LIDDELL WAKE December 1325, daughter of LORD WAKE JOHN. She died September 29, 1349.
Child of EDMUND and MARGARET WAKE is:
47. i. COUNTESS OF KENT JOAN 16, b. September 29, 1328; d. August 8, 1385, Wallingford, Castle, Berkshire, England.
44. EARL LANCASTER HENRY married MAUD CHAWORTH.
Child of HENRY and MAUD CHAWORTH is:
48. i. DUKE LANCASTER I HENRY 16, d. 1361.
45. KING OF SCOTLAND ROBERT I THE BRUCE was born July 11, 1274, at Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire, and died June 7, 1329 in Cardoss Castle, Firth of Clyde, Scotland. He married (1)ISOBEL OF MAR 1296, daughter of EARL OF MAR DONALD. He married (2) ELIZABETH DE BURGH 1302, daughter of RICHARD and UNKNOWN. She died 1327.
Child of ROBERT BRUCE and ISOBEL is:
49. i. MARGERY 16 BRUCE, d. 1316.
Child of ROBERT BRUCE and ELIZABETH is:
ii. KING OF SCOTLAND DAVID II 16 BRUCE , b. 1329; d. 1371; m. (1)MARGARET DRUMMOND; d. 1375; m. (2)JOAN OF THE TOWER, July 17, 1328, Berwick-on-Tweed; b. July 5, 1321, Tower of London, London, England; d. September 7, 1362, Hertford.
Generation No. 16
46. EDWARD III, KING OF ENGLAND (1327-1377) was born November 13, 1312 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, and died June 21, 1377 in Sheen Palace. He married PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT January 24, 1328 in York Minster, daughter of COUNT WILLIAM OF HAINAULT. She was born June 24, 1311 in Valenciennes, and died August 14, 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England
More About EDWARD III: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Children of EDWARD and PHILIPPA are:
50. i. PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD 17, b. June 15, 1330, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England; d. June 8, 1376, Westminster, Palace, London, England.
ii. ISABELLA, b. June 16, 1332, Woodstock; d. Bef. October 1382, London; m. EARL OF BEDFORD ENGUERRAND VII DE COURCY, July 27, 1365, Windsor, England; d. 1396.
iii. JOAN (JOANNA), b. Abt. February 1335, Woodstock; d. September 2, 1348, Bayonne.
iv. WILLIAM OF HATFIELD, b. Bef. February 16, 1337, Hatfield Herts; d. Bef. July 8, 1337.
51. v. DUKE OF CLARENCE LIONEL OF ANTWERP, b. November 29, 1338, Antwerp, Belgium; d. October 17, 1368, Alba Pompeia, Italy.
52. vi. DUKE OF LANCAST. JOHN OF GAUNT, b. March 1340, Ghent; d. February 3, 1399, Leicester Castle.
53. vii. DUKE OF YORK EDMUND OF LANGLEY, b. June 5, 1341, Kings Langley, Herts; d. August 1, 1402, Kings Langley, Herts.
viii. BLANCHE, b. March 1342, Tower of London; d. March 1342, Tower of London.
ix. MARY, b. October 10, 1344, Waltham, Near Winchester; m. DUKE OF BRITTANY JOHN V DE MONTFORT, 1361, Woodstock; d. November 1, 1399.
x. MARGARET, b. July 20, 1346, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. Aft. October 1, 1361; m. EARL OF PEMBROKE JOHN 2D HASTINGS, May 19, 1359, Reading; d. 1375.
xi. WILLIAM OF WINDSOR, b. June 24, 1348, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. September 1348.
54. xii. DUKE OF GLOUCES. THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, b. January 7, 1355, Woodstock; d. September 15, 1396, Calais.
47. COUNTESS OF KENT JOAN was born September 29, 1328, and died August 8, 1385 in Wallingford, Castle, Berkshire, England. She married (1)EARL OF KENT THOMAS HOLLAND. She married (2)PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD October 10, 1361 in Windsor, England, son of EDWARD and PHILIPPA. He was born June 15, 1330 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, and died June 8, 1376 in Westminster, Palace, London, England.
More About PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD: Burial: Canterbury, Cathedral, London, England
Child of JOAN and THOMAS HOLLAND is:
55. i. MARGARET 17 HOLLAND, d. December 31, 1439.
Children of JOAN and EDWARD are:
ii. EDWARD 17, b. January 27, 1365, Angouleme; d. 1372, Bordeaux, France.
iii. RICHARD II, KING OF ENGLAND (1377-1399) , b. January 6, 1367, Bordeaux, France; d. January 6, 1400, Pontefract, Castle; m. (1)ANNE OF BOHEMIA, January 20, 1382, Westminster, Palace, London, England; b. May 11, 1366, Prague; d. Bef. June 3, 1394, Sheen Palace; m. (2)ISABELLA OF FRANCE, November 1, 1396, Calais; b. November 9, 1387, Hotel du Louvre, Paris, France; d. September 13, 1409, Blois.
More About RICHARD II: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About ANNE OF BOHEMIA: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About ISABELLA OF FRANCE: Burial: Celestines, Paris
48. DUKE LANCASTER I HENRY died 1361. He married ISABEL DE BEAUMONT.
Child of HENRY and ISABEL DE BEAUMONT is:
56. i. BLANCHE OF LANCASTER 17, b. 1341; d. September 12, 1369, Bolingbroke, Castle.
49. MARGERY 16 BRUCE died 1316. She married WALTER STEWART 1315. He was born 1292, and died 1326.
Child of MARGERY BRUCE and WALTER STEWART is:
57. i. KING OF SCOTLAND ROBERT II 17, b. 1316; d. 1390.
Generation No. 17
50. PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD was born June 15, 1330 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, and died June 8, 1376 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. He married COUNTESS OF KENT JOAN October 10, 1361 in Windsor, England, daughter of EDMUND and MARGARET WAKE. She was born September 29, 1328, and died August 8, 1385 in Wallingford, Castle, Berkshire, England.
More About PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD: Burial: Canterbury, Cathedral, London, England
Children are listed above under (47) Joan.
51. DUKE OF CLARENCE LIONEL OF ANTWERP was born November 29, 1338 in Antwerp, Belgium, and died October 17, 1368, Alba Pompeia, Italy. He probably died by poisoning. He married (1)LADY ELIZABETH DE BURGH September 9, 1342 in Tower of London, London, England, daughter of EARL OF ULSTER WILLIAM DE BURGH. She died December 10, 1363 in Dublin. He married (2)VIOLANTE OF MILAN VISCONTI May 28, 1368 in Milan, Italy, daughter of DUKE OF MILAN GALEAZZO VISCONTI. She died 1404.
Child of LIONEL and ELIZABETH is:
58. i. COUNTESS PHILIPPA OF ULSTER 18, d. 1382.
52. DUKE OF LANCAST. JOHN OF GAUNT was born March 1340 in Ghent, and died February 3, 1399 in Leicester Castle. He married (1)BLANCHE OF LANCASTER May 13, 1359 in Reading, daughter of HENRY and ISABEL DE BEAUMONT. She was born 1341, and died September 12, 1369 in Bolingbroke, Castle. He married (2)QUEEN OF CASTILE CONSTANZA (CONSTANCE) September 1371 in Roquefort, daughter of KING PEDRO III OF CASTILE. She died March 24, 1394 in Leicester, England. He married (3)CATHERINE SWYNFORD ROET January 13, 1396 in Lincoln, daughter of SIR PAYNE OF GUIENNE ROET. She was born 1350, and died May 10, 1403 in Lincoln.
Children of JOHN and BLANCHE are:
i. PHILIPPA OF LANCASTER 18, b. Abt. 1360; d. 1415; m. KING OF PORTUGAL JOHN I; b. 1357; d. 1433.
ii. ELIZABETH, b. 1364; d. 1426; m. (1)DUKE OF EXETER JOHN HOLLAND; m. (2)LORD FANHOPE JOHN CORNWALL.
59. iii. HENRY IV B0LINGBROKE, KING OF ENGLAND (1399-1413), b. April 4, 1366, Bolingbrooke, Castle; d. March 20, 1413, London, England.
Child of JOHN and CONSTANZA is:
iv. KATHERINE 18, m. KING OF CASTILE HENRY III; b. 1379; d. 1406.
Children of JOHN and CATHERINE ROET are:
60. v. EARL SOMMERSET JOHN BEAUFORT 18, d. 1410.
vi. CARDINAL HENRY BEAUFORT, d. 1447.
61. vii. JOAN BEAUFORT.
viii. DUKE OF EXETER THOMAS BEAUFORT, m. MARGARET.
53. DUKE OF YORK EDMUND OF LANGLEY was born June 5, 1341 in Kings Langley, Herts, and died August 1, 1402 in Kings Langley, Herts. He married (1)ISABELLA OF CASTILE Abt. March 1, 1372 in Hertford, daughter of KING PEDRO III OF CASTILE. She died November 23, 1393. He married (2)JOAN HOLLAND Bef. November 4, 1393. She died 1434.
Children of EDMUND and ISABELLA are:
62. i. EARL RICHARD OF CAMBRIDGE 18 PLANTAGENET, d. 1415.
ii. DUKE OF YORK EDWARD, d. 1415, Agincourt; m. PHILIPPA.
iii. CONSTANCE, m. EARL THOMAS OF GLOUCESTER DESPENCER.
54. DUKE OF GLOUCES. THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK was born January 7, 1355 in Woodstock, and died September 15, 1396 in Calais. He married LADY ELEANOR DE BOHUN 1374, daughter of EARL HUMPHREY OF HEREFORD DE BOHUN. She died October 3, 1399 in Barking Abbey, Essex, England.
Children of THOMAS and ELEANOR DE BOHUN are:
63. i. ANNE OF GLOUCESTER 18 .
ii. EARL HUMPHREY OF BUCKINGHAM.
iii. JOAN.
iv. ISABEL.
55. MARGARET 17 HOLLAND died December 31, 1439. She married (1)EARL SOMMERSET JOHN BEAUFORT, son of JOHN and CATHERINE ROET. He died 1410. She married (2)DUKE OF CLARENCE THOMAS 1412, son of HENRY and MARY DE BOHUN. He was born 1388 in Kenilworth, and died March 22, 1421 in Beauge.
Children of MARGARET HOLLAND and JOHN are:
64. i. DUKE SOMMERSET EDMUND 18 BEAUFORT, d. 1455.
65. ii. JOAN BEAUFORT, b. c1404 d. 1445.
iii. MARGARET BEAUFORT, m. EARL OF DEVON V THOMAS COURTENAY.
iv. EARL SOMMERSET HENRY BEAUFORT, b. 1401; d. 1418.
66. v. DUKE SOMMERSET JOHN BEAUFORT, b. 1403; d. 1444.
56. BLANCHE OF LANCASTER 17 was born 1341, and died September 12, 1369 in Bolingbroke, Castle. She married DUKE OF LANCAST. JOHN OF GAUNT May 13, 1359 in Reading, son of EDWARD and PHILIPPA. He was born March 1340 in Ghent, and died February 3, 1399 in Leicester Castle.
Children are listed above under (52) John of Gaunt.
57. KING OF SCOTLAND ROBERT II was born March 2, 1316, at Paisley and died April 19, 1390, at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire. He married (1)ELIZABETH OF ROWALLAN MURE, daughter of SIR ADAM OF ROWALLAN MURE. He married (2)EUPHEMIA OF ROSS, daughter of EARL OF ROSS HUGH.
Children of ROBERT and ELIZABETH MURE are:
67. i. KING OF SCOTLAND ROBERT III 18 .
ii. WALTER.
68. iii. EARL OF FIFE ROBERT.
iv. ALEXANDER.
v. LADY JEAN, m. (1)SIR JOHN KEITH; m. (2)SIR JOHN OF GLAMIS LYON; m. (3)SIR JAMES SANDILANDS.
Generation No. 18
58. COUNTESS PHILIPPA OF ULSTER died 1382. She married EARL OF MARCH 3D EDMUND MORTIMER, son of EARL OF MARCH II ROGER MORTIMER. He died 1381.
Children of PHILIPPA and EDMUND MORTIMER are:
69. i. EARL OF MARCH IV ROGER 19 MORTIMER, d. 1398,,,,Ireland.
ii. EDMUND MORTIMER, d. 1409.
iii. ELIZABETH MORTIMER, m. (1)HENRY (HOTSPUR) PERCY; m. (2)LORD CAMOYS THOMAS.
iv. PHILIPPA MORTIMER, d. 1401; m. (1)EARL OF PEMBROKE JOHN HASTINGS; m. (2)EARL OF ARUNDEL RICHARD FITZALAN; m. (3) LORD ST. JOHN THOMAS OF BASING POYNINGS.
59. HENRY IV B0LINGBROKE, KING OF ENGLAND (1399-1413) was born April 4, 1366 in Bolingbrooke, Castle, and died March 20, 1413 in London, England. He married (1)MARY DE BOHUN in Arundel Castle, daughter of EARL OF HEREFORD HUMPHREY DE BOHUN. She died July 4, 1394 in Peterborough, Castle. He married (2)JOAN OF NAVARRE February 7, 1403 in Winchester, Cathedral, London, England, daughter of KING OF NAVARRE CHARLES II. She was born Abt. 1370 in Pamplona, and died July 9, 1437 in Havering atte, Bower, Essex, England.
More About HENRY IV: Burial: Canterbury, Cathedral, England
More About JOAN OF NAVARRE: Burial: Canterbury, Cathedral, England
Children of HENRY and MARY DE BOHUN are:
i. SON 19, b. April 1382; d. Abt. 1382.
70. ii. HENRY V, KING OF ENGLAND (1413-1422), b. August 9, 1387, Monmouth; d. August 31, 1422, Bois de, Vincennes.
iii. DUKE OF CLARENCE THOMAS, b. 1388, Kenilworth; d. March 22, 1421, Beauge; m. MARGARET HOLLAND, 1412; d. December 31, 1439.
iv. DUKE OF BEDFORD JOHN, b. June 20, 1389; d. September 15, 1435, Rouen; m. (1)ANNE OF BURGUNDY, April 17, 1423, Troyes; d. November 14, 1432, Paris, France; m. (2)JACQUETTA OF LUXEMBOURG, April 22, 1433, Therouenne.
v. DUKE HUMPHREY OF GLOUCESTER, b. September 1390; d. February 23, 1447, Bury St. Edmunds; m. (1)COUNTESS JACQUELINE OF HOLLAND, 1422; m. (2)ELEANOR DE COBHAM, Bef. 1431; d. July 7, 1452, Beaumaris Castle.
vi. BLANCHE, b. 1392, Peterborough, Castle; d. May 21, 1409, Germany; m. ELECTOR PALATINE LUDWIG III, July 6, 1402, Cologne, Germany.
vii. PHILIPPA, b. July 4, 1394, Peterborough, Castle; d. January 5, 1430, Convent, of Vadstena; m. KING OF DENMARK ERIC X OF POMERANIA, October 26, 1406, Lund.
60. EARL SOMMERSET JOHN BEAUFORT died 1410. He married (1)MARGARET HOLLAND, daughter of THOMAS HOLLAND and JOAN. She died December 31, 1439.
Children are listed above under (55) Margaret Holland.
61. JOAN BEAUFORT married (1) EARL RALPH OF WESTMORELAND 1ST. She married (2)SIR ROBERT FERRERS.
Children of JOAN and RALPH are:
71. i. LADY CICELY 19 NEVILLE, d. 1495.
72. ii. EARL SALISBURY RICHARD NEVILLE, d. 1460.
62. EARL RICHARD OF CAMBRIDGE 18 PLANTAGENET died 1415. He married (1)LADY ANNE MORTIMER, daughter of ROGER MORTIMER and ELEANOR HOLLAND. He married (2)MAUD CLIFFORD, daughter of LORD THOMAS CLIFFORD.
Children of RICHARD PLANTAGENET and ANNE MORTIMER are:
73. i. DUKE OF YORK RICHARD 19 PLANTAGENET, d. 1460.
ii. ISABEL PLANTAGENET, d. 1484; m. (1)SIR THOMAS OF HETON GREY; m. (2)EARL OF ESSEX HENRY 1ST BOURCHIER.
63. ANNE OF GLOUCESTER married (1)COUNT WILLIAM BOURCHIER. He died 1420. She married (2)EARL EDMUND OF STAFFORD.
Child of ANNE and WILLIAM BOURCHIER is:
i. EARL OF ESSEX HENRY 1ST 19 BOURCHIER, m. ISABEL PLANTAGENET; d. 1484.
64. DUKE SOMMERSET EDMUND 18 BEAUFORT died 1455. He married ELEANOR BEAUCHAMP, daughter of EARL OF WARWICK RICHARD BEAUCHAMP.
Children of EDMUND BEAUFORT and ELEANOR BEAUCHAMP are:
i. DUKE SOMMERSET HENRY 19 BEAUFORT, d. 1463.
ii. DUKE SOMMERSET EDMUND BEAUFORT, d. 1471.
iii. JOHN BEAUFORT, d. 1471.
iv. ELEANOR BEAUFORT, m. (1)EARL JAMES OF WILTSHIRE BUTLER; m. (2)SIR ROBERT SPENCER.
v. JOAN BEAUFORT, m. (1)LORD HOWTH ROBERT ST. LAWRENCE; m. (2) RICHARD FRY.
vi. ANNE BEAUFORT, m. WILLIAM PASTON.
vii. MARGARET BEAUFORT, m. (1)EARL OF STAFFORD HUMPHREY; m. (2)SIR RICHARD DARELL.
viii. ELIZABETH BEAUFORT, m. SIR HENRY FITZ LEWES.
65. JOAN 18 BEAUFORT born c. 1404, and died 1445. She married (1) KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES I, son of ROBERT and ANNABELLA. He was born 1394 in Dunfermline, Scotland, and died 1437. She married (2)SIR JAMES STEWART.
Child of JOAN BEAUFORT and JAMES is:
i. MARGARET STEWART b. 1424 d. 1445. She married LOUIS XI OF FRANCE
ii. ISABELLA STEWART b. 1426 d. 1495. She married FRANCIS I, DUKE OF BRITTANY
iii. ELEANOR STEWART b. 1433 d. 1480. She married SIGISMUND, ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA
iv. MARY STEWART b. 1428 d. 1465. She married WOLFERT VI of BORSELEN
v. JOAN STEWART b. c.1428 d. c.1486. She married JAMES DOUGLAS, 1st EARL OF MORTON
74. vi. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES II b. 1430, Edinburgh, Scotland; d. 1460, Roxburgh Castle, Scotland.
vii. ALEXANDER STEWART b. 1430 d. 1430 DUKE OF ROTHESAY
viii. ANNABELLA STEWART b. 1433 d. 1509. She married (I) LOUIS OF SAVOY and (2) GEORGE GORDON , 2nd EARL OF HUNTLY
Children of JOAN BEAUFORT and JAMES STEWART are:
ii. EARL OF ATHOLL JOHN 19 STEWART.
iii. EARL OF BUCHAN JAMES STEWART.
iv. BISHOP OF MORAY ANDREW STEWART.
66. DUKE SOMMERSET JOHN 18 BEAUFORT was born 1403, and died 1444. He married MARGARET BEAUCHAMP.
Child of JOHN BEAUFORT and MARGARET BEAUCHAMP is:
75. i. COUNTESS MARGARET OF RICHMOND 19 BEAUFORT, d. 1509.
67. KING OF SCOTLAND ROBERT III , b 1337, and died April 4, 1406, at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire. He married ANNABELLA, daughter of SIR JOHN DRUMMOND. She died 1401.
Children of ROBERT and ANNABELLA are:
i. DUKE DAVID OF ROTHESAY 19 .
76. ii. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES I, b. 1394, Dunfermline, Scotland; d. 1437.
68. EARL OF FIFE ROBERT married UNKNOWN.
Child of ROBERT and UNKNOWN is:
i. DUKE OF ALBANY MURDOCH 19 .
Generation No. 19
69. EARL OF MARCH IV ROGER 19 MORTIMER died 1398 in,,,Ireland. He married ELEANOR HOLLAND, daughter of EARL OF KENT THOMAS HOLLAND. She died 1405.
Children of ROGER MORTIMER and ELEANOR HOLLAND are:
77. i. LADY ANNE 20 MORTIMER.
ii. EARL OF MARCH EDMUND MORTIMER, d. 1425; m. ANNE STAFFORD.
iii. ROGER MORTIMER, d. 1409.
iv. ELEANOR MORTIMER, m. SIR EDWARD COURTENAY.
70. HENRY V, KING OF ENGLAND (1413-1422) was born August 9, 1387 in Monmouth, and died August 31, 1422 in Bois de, Vincennes. He married CATHERINE OF VALOIS June 2, 1420 in Troyes, daughter of CHARLES and ISABELLE. She was born October 27, 1401 in Paris, and died January 3, 1437 in Bermondsey, Abbey.
More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY V: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About CATHERINE OF VALOIS: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Child of HENRY and CATHERINE is:
78. i. HENRY VI, KING OF ENGLAND (1422-1461 & 1470-1471) 20, b. December 6, 1421, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. May 21, 1471, Tower of London, London, England.
71. LADY CICELY 19 NEVILLE died 1495. She married DUKE OF YORK RICHARD PLANTAGENET, son of RICHARD PLANTAGENET and ANNE MORTIMER. He died 1460.
Children of CICELY NEVILLE and RICHARD PLANTAGENET are:
i. EARL OF RUTLAND EDMUND 20, d. 1460.
79. ii. DUKE OF CLARENCE GEORGE.
iii. ANNE, d. 1476; m. (1)DUKE OF EXETER HENRY; m. (2) SIR THOMAS ST. LEGER.
iv. ELIZABETH, d. 1503; m. DUKE OF SUFFOLK JOHN DE LA POLE.
v. MARGARET, m. DUKE OF BURGUNDY CHARLES THE BOLD.
vi. URSULA.
80. vii. EDWARD IV, KING OF ENGLAND (1461-1470 & 1471-1483), b. April 28, 1442, Rouen, France; d. April 9, 1483, Westminster, Palace, London, England.
81. viii. RICHARD III, KING OF ENGLAND (1483-1485) b. October 2, 1452, Fotheringay, Castle; d. August 22, 1485, in battle at Bosworth Field.
72. EARL SALISBURY RICHARD 19 NEVILLE died 1460.
Child of EARL SALISBURY RICHARD NEVILLE is:
82. i. EARL OF WARWICK RICHARD 20 NEVILLE, d. 1471.
73. DUKE OF YORK RICHARD 19 PLANTAGENET died 1460. He married LADY CICELY NEVILLE, daughter of RALPH and JOAN. She died 1495.
Children are listed above under (71) Cicely Neville.
74. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES II was born 1430 in Edinburgh, Scotland, and died 1460 in Roxburgh Castle, Scotland. He married MARIE OF GUELDRES, daughter of DUKE OF GUELDRES ARNOLD. She died 1463.
Children of JAMES and MARIE are:
i. EARL OF MAR JOHN 20 .
83. ii. MARY.
84. iii. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES III, b. 1451, Stirling, Scotland; d. 1488.
85. iv. DUKE OF ALBANY ALEXANDER, b. Abt. 1454; d. 1485.
75. COUNTESS MARGARET OF RICHMOND 19 BEAUFORT died 1509. She married (1)EARL OF RICHMOND EDMUND TUDOR, son of OWEN TUDOR and CATHERINE. He was born Abt. 1430, and died 1456. She married (2)SIR HENRY STAFFORD. He died 1481. She married (3)LORD THOMAS STANLEY. He died 1504.
Child of MARGARET BEAUFORT and EDMUND TUDOR is:
86. i. HENRY VII, KING OF ENGLAND (1485-1509) 20, b. January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales d. April 21, 1509, Richmond Palace, Richmond Surrey, England.
76. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES I was born 1394 in Dunfermline, Scotland, and died 1437. He married JOAN BEAUFORT, daughter of JOHN and MARGARET HOLLAND. She died 1445.
Child is listed above under (65) Joan Beaufort.
Generation No. 20
77. LADY ANNE 20 MORTIMER married EARL RICHARD OF CAMBRIDGE PLANTAGENET, son of EDMUND and ISABELLA. He died 1415.
Children are listed above under (62) Richard of Cambridge Plantagenet.
78. HENRY VI, KING OF ENGLAND (1422-1461 & 1470-1471) was born December 6, 1421 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, and died May 21, 1471 in Tower of London, London, England. He married MARGARET OF ANJOU April 22, 1445 in Titchfield, Abbey, Hants, daughter of COUNT OF ANJOU RENE. She was born March 23, 1429 in Pont-a-Mousson, Lorraine, and died August 25, 1482 in Chateau de, Dampiere, Near Saumur.
More About HENRY VI: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, Berkshire, England
More About MARGARET OF ANJOU: Burial: Angers, Cathedral
Child of HENRY and MARGARET is:
i. PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD 21, b. October 13, 1453, Westminster, Palace, England; d. May 4, 1471, Tewkesbury; m. LADY ANNE NEVILLE, August 1470, Amboise; b. June 11, 1456, Warwick Castle, Warwick, England; d. March 16, 1485, Westminster, Palace, London, England.
More About LADY ANNE NEVILLE: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
79. DUKE OF CLARENCE GEORGE married LADY ISABEL NEVILLE, daughter of RICHARD NEVILLE and ANNE BEAUCHAMP.
Children of GEORGE and ISABEL NEVILLE are:
i. EARL OF WARWICK EDWARD 21, d. 1499.
ii. COUNTESS MARGARET OF SALISBURY, b. Abt. 1469; d. 1541; m. SIR RICHARD POLE.
80. EDWARD IV, KING OF ENGLAND (1461-1470 & 1471-1483) was born April 28, 1442 in Rouen, France, and died April 9, 1483 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. He married ELIZABETH WOODVILLE May 1, 1464 in Grafton Regis, Northants, daughter of RICHARD WOODVILLE and JACQUETTA. She was born Abt. 1437 in Grafton Regis, Northants, and died June 8, 1492 in Bermondsey Abbey.
More About KING OF ENGLAND EDWARD IV: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, England
More About ELIZABETH WOODVILLE: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, England
Children of EDWARD and ELIZABETH WOODVILLE are:
87. i. ELIZABETH OF YORK 21, b. February 11, 1466, Westminster, Palace, London, England; d. February 11, 1503, Tower of London, London, England.
ii. MARY, b. August 1466, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. May 23, 1482, Greenwich, England.
iii. CICELY, b. March 20, 1469; d. August 24, 1507, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, England; m. (1)VISCOUNT WELLES JOHN 1ST WELLES, Bef. December 1487; d. February 9, 1499, London, England; m. (2) THOMAS OF ISLE OF WIGHT KYME, Bef. January 1504.
iv. EDWARD V, KING OF ENGLAND (1483) b. November 4, 1470, Sanctuary, Westminster, England; d. 1483.
v. MARGARET, b. April 10, 1472; d. December 11, 1472.
vi. DUKE OF YORK RICHARD, b. August 17, 1473, Shrewsbury; d. Aft. 1483; m. LADY ANNE MOWBRAY, January 15, 1478, St. Stephen's, Chapel, Westminster, England; d. November 19, 1481, Greenwich, England.
vii. ANNE, b. November 2, 1475, Westminster, Palace; d. November 23, 1511; m. DUKE OF NORFOLK THOMAS 3RD HOWARD, February 4, 1495.
viii. DUKE OF BEDFORD GEORGE, b. March 1477, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. March 1479, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
ix. CATHERINE, b. Abt. August 14, 1479, Eltham Palace; d. November 15, 1527, Tiverton; m. EARL OF DEVON WILLIAM COURTENAY, Bef. October 1495.
x. BRIDGET, b. November 10, 1480, Eltham Palace; d. 1517, Dartford.
81. KING OF ENGLAND RICHARD III was born October 2, 1452 in Fotheringay, Castle, and died August 22, 1485 in Bosworth. He married LADY ANNE NEVILLE July 12, 1472 in Westminster, London, England, daughter of RICHARD NEVILLE and ANNE BEAUCHAMP. She was born June 11, 1456 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, England, and died March 16, 1485 in Westminster, Palace, London, England.
More About KING OF ENGLAND RICHARD III: Burial: Grey Friars, Abbey, Leicester
More About LADY ANNE NEVILL: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Child of RICHARD and ANNE NEVILLE is:
i. PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD 21, b. Abt. December 1473, Middleham Castle, Yorkshire, England; d. April 9, 1484, Middleham Castle, Yorkshire, England.
82. EARL OF WARWICK RICHARD 20 NEVILLE died 1471. He married LADY ANNE BEAUCHAMP.
Children of RICHARD NEVILLE and ANNE BEAUCHAMP are:
88. i. LADY ISABEL 21 NEVILLE.
89. ii. LADY ANNE NEVILLE, b. June 11, 1456, Warwick Castle, Warwick, England; d. March 16, 1485, Westminster, Palace, London, England.
83. MARY married (1)EARL OF ARRAN THOMAS BOYD. She married (2) LORD 1ST JAMES HAMILTON. He was born 1479.
Children of MARY and JAMES HAMILTON are:
90. i. ELIZABETH 21 .
91. ii. EARL OF ARRAN I JAMES HAMILTON, b. 1477; d. 1529.
84. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES III was born 1451 in Stirling, Scotland, and died 1488. He married MARGARET OF DENMARK 1469, daughter of CHRISTIAN and DOROTHEA. She was born Abt. 1457, and died 1486.
Children of JAMES and MARGARET are:
92. i. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES IV 21, b. 1473; d. September 9, 1513.
ii. DUKE OF ROSS JAMES, b. 1476; d. 1503.
iii. EARL OF MAR JOHN, b. 1479; d. 1503.
85. DUKE OF ALBANY ALEXANDER 20 was born Abt. 1454, and died 1485. He married (1)CATHERINE SINCLAIR. He married (2)ANNE DE LA TOUR 1480. She was born 1512.
Child of ALEXANDER and CATHERINE SINCLAIR is:
i. BISHOP OF MORAY ALEXANDER 21, b. 1534.
Child of ALEXANDER and ANNE DE LA TOUR is:
ii. DUKE OF ALBANY JOHN 21, b. 1484; d. 1536.
86. HENRY VII, KING OF ENGLAND (1485-1509) was born January 28, 1457 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales, and died April 21, 1509 in Richmond Palace, Richmond Surrey, England. He married ELIZABETH OF YORK January 18, 1486 in Westminster, England, daughter of EDWARD and ELIZABETH WOODVILLE. She was born February 11, 1466 in Westminster, Palace, London, England, and died February 11, 1503 in Tower of London, London, England.
More About HENRY VII: Burial: Henry VII Chapel, Westminster, Abbey, England
More About ELIZABETH OF YORK: Burial: Henry VII Chapel, Westminster, Abbey, London
Children of HENRY TUDOR and ELIZABETH are:
i. PRINCE OF WALES ARTHUR 21 TUDOR, b. September 20, 1486, St. Swithin's, Priory, Winchester, England; d. April 2, 1502, Ludlow Castle; m. CATHERINE OF ARAGON, November 14, 1501, St. Pauls Cath., London, England; b. December 15, 1485, Near Madrid, Spain; d. January 7, 1536, Kimbolton Castle, Hunts, England.
More About CATHERINE OF ARAGON: After Arthur's death she married his brother Henry, Burial: Peterborough, Cathedral, England
93. ii. MARGARET TUDOR, b. November 28, 1489, Westminster, Palace, London, England; d. October 18, 1541, Methven Castle.
94. iii. HENRY VIII, KING OF ENGLAND (1509-1547), b. June 28, 1491, Greenwich Palace, England; d. January 28, 1547, Whitehall, London, England.
iv. ELIZABETH TUDOR, b. July 2, 1492; d. September 14, 1495, Eltham Palace, England.
95. v. MARY TUDOR, b. March 18, 1496, Richmond Palace, England; d. June 25, 1533, Westhorpe, Suffolk, England.
vi. EDMUND TUDOR, b. February 21, 1499, Greenwich, Palace, England; d. June 19, 1500, Bishops Hatfield, Herts, England.
vii. KATHERINE TUDOR, b. February 2, 1503, Tower of London, England; d. 1503,,,England.
Generation No. 21
87. ELIZABETH OF YORK was born February 11, 1466 in Westminster, Palace, London, England, and died February 11, 1503 in Tower of London, London, England. She married KING OF ENGLAND HENRY VII TUDOR January 18, 1486 in Westminster, England, son of EDMUND TUDOR and MARGARET BEAUFORT. He was born January 28, 1457 in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales, and died April 21, 1509 in Richmond Palace, Richmond Surrey, England.
More About ELIZABETH OF YORK: Burial: Henry VII Chapel, Westminster, Abbey, London
More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY VII TUDOR: Burial: Henry VII Chapel, Westminster, Abbey, England
Children are listed above under (86) Henry VII Tudor.
88. LADY ISABEL 21 NEVILLE married DUKE OF CLARENCE GEORGE, son of RICHARD PLANTAGENET and CICELY NEVILLE.
Children are listed above under (79) George.
89. LADY ANNE 21 NEVILLE was born June 11, 1456 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, England, and died March 16, 1485 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. She married (1)PRINCE OF WALES EDWARD August 1470 in Amboise, son of HENRY and MARGARET. He was born October 13, 1453 in Westminster, Palace, England, and died May 4, 1471 in Tewkesbury. She married (2) RICHARD III, KING OF ENGLAND July 12, 1472 in Westminster, London, England, son of RICHARD PLANTAGENET and CICELY NEVILLE. He was born October 2, 1452 in Fotheringay, Castle, and died August 22, 1485 in Bosworth.
More About LADY ANNE NEVILLE: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About RICHARD III: Burial: Grey Friars, Abbey, Leicester
Child is listed above under (81) Richard III.
90. ELIZABETH married EARL LENNOX II MATTHEW STEWART.
Child of ELIZABETH and MATTHEW STEWART is:
96. i. EARL LENNOX III JOHN 22 STEWART.
91. EARL OF ARRAN I JAMES 21 HAMILTON was born 1477, and died 1529. He married JANET BEATON. She died Abt. 1522.
Child of JAMES HAMILTON and JANET BEATON is:
97. i. EARL OF ARRAN II JAMES 22 HAMILTON, b. 1515; d. 1575.
92. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES IV was born 1473, and died September 9, 1513 at Flodden Field, Northumberland. He married MARGARET TUDOR August 8, 1503 in Holyrod Abbey, daughter of HENRY TUDOR and ELIZABETH. She was born November 28, 1489 in Westminster, Palace, London, England, and died October 18, 1541 in Methven Castle.
Child of JAMES and MARGARET TUDOR is:
98. i. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES V 22, b. 1512, Linlithgow, Scotland; d. 1542.
93. MARGARET 21 TUDOR was born November 28, 1489 in Westminster, Palace, London, England, and died October 18, 1541 in Methven Castle. She married (1)KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES IV August 8, 1503 in Holyrod Abbey, son of JAMES and MARGARET. He was born 1473, and died September 9, 1513. She married (2)EARL OF ANGUS VI ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS August 4, 1514. He died Abt. 1557. She married (3)LORD METHVEN I HENRY STEWART March 3, 1528. He died Abt. 1551.
Child is listed above under (92) James IV.
Child of MARGARET TUDOR and ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS is:
99. i. LADY MARGARET 22 DOUGLAS, b. 1515; d. 1578.
94. HENRY VIII, KING OF ENGLAND (1509-1547) was born June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace, England, and died January 28, 1547 in Whitehall, London, England. He married (1)CATHERINE OF ARAGON June 11, 1509 in Grey Friars Ch., Greenwich, England, daughter of FERDINAND and ISABELLA. She was born December 15, 1485 in Near Madrid, Spain, and died January 7, 1536 in Kimbolton Castle, Hunts, England. He married (2) ANNE BOLEYN January 25, 1533 in Westminster, London, England, daughter of THOMAS BOLEYN and ELIZABETH HOWARD. She was born Abt. 1501 in Blickling Hall, Norfolk, England, and died May 19, 1536 in Tower of London, London, England. He married (3) JANE SEYMOUR May 30, 1536 in York Place, England, daughter of JOHN SEYMOUR and MARGERY WENTWORTH. She was born Abt. 1505 in Wolf Hall, Savernake, Wilts, and died October 24, 1537 in Hampton Court, Palace, England. He married (4) ANNE OF CLEVES January 6, 1540 in Greenwich, England, daughter of JOHN and MARIE. She was born September 22, 1515 in Dusseldorf, and died July 17, 1557 in Chelsea, England. He married (5) CATHERINE HOWARD July 28, 1540 in Hampton Court, Palace, England, daughter of EDMUND HOWARD and JOYCE CULPEPER. She was born Abt. 1520 in Lambeth, and died February 13, 1542 in Tower of London, London, England. He married (6) CATHERINE PARR July 12, 1543 in Hampton Court, Palace, daughter of THOMAS PARR and MAUD GREEN. She was born Abt. 1512 in Kendal Castle, and died September 5, 1548 in Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire.
More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY VIII TUDOR: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, England
More About CATHERINE OF ARAGON: Burial: Peterborough, Cathedral, England
More About ANNE BOLEYN: Burial: Chapel Royal, Tower of London, London, England
More About JANE SEYMOUR: Burial: November 12, 1537, St. George Chap., Windsor, England
More About ANNE OF CLEVES: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About CATHERINE HOWARD: Burial: Chapel Royal, London, England
More About CATHERINE PARR: Burial: Sudeley Castle, Chapel
Children of HENRY TUDOR and CATHERINE are
i. DAUGHTER 22 TUDOR, b. January 31, 1510; d. January 31, 1510.
ii. DUKE OF CORNWALL HENRY (1)TUDOR, b. January 1, 1511, Richmond Palace, England; d. February 22, 1511, Richmond Palace, England.
iii. DUKE OF CORNWALL HENRY (2)TUDOR, b. November 1513, Richmond Palace, England; d. November 1513, Richmond Palace, England.
iv. SON TUDOR, b. December 1514; d. December 1514.
v. MARY I (BLOODY MARY) , QUEEN OF ENGLAND (1553-1558) , b. February 18, 1516, Greenwich Palace, London, England; d. November 17, 1558, St. James Palace, England; m. KING OF SPAIN PHILIP II, July 25, 1554, Winchester, Cathedral, England; b. May 21, 1527, Valladolid; d. September 13, 1598, El Escorial, Palace, Madrid, Spain.
More About MARY I TUDOR: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
vi. DAUGHTER TUDOR, b. November 10, 1518; d. November 10, 1518.
Children of HENRY TUDOR and ANNE BOLEYN are:
vii. ELIZABETH I, QUEEN OF ENGLAND (1558-1603) 22, b. September 7, 1533, Greenwich Palace, London, England; d. March 24, 1603, Richmond Palace, London, England. Did not marry.
More About QUEEN OF ENGLAND ELIZABETH I TUDOR:
Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
viii. SON TUDOR, b. January 29, 1536, Greenwich, England; d. January 29, 1536, Greenwich, England.
Child of HENRY TUDOR and JANE SEYMOUR is:
ix. EDWARD VI, KING OF ENGLAND (1547-1553) 22, b. October 12, 1537, Hampton Court, Palace, England; d. July 6, 1553, Greenwich, Palace, England.
More About EDWARD VI :Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
95. MARY 21 TUDOR was born March 18, 1496 in Richmond Palace, England, and died June 25, 1533 in Westhorpe, Suffolk, England. She married (1)KING OF FRANCE LOUIS XII October 9, 1514 in Abbeville, son of CHARLES and ANNE. He was born June 27, 1462 in Blois, France, and died January 1, 1515 in Paris, France. She married (2) DUKE OF SUFFOLK CHARLES BRANDON March 3, 1515 in Paris, France. He died 1545.
More About KING OF FRANCE LOUIS XII: Burial: St. Denis, France
Children of MARY TUDOR and CHARLES BRANDON are:
100. i. ELEANOR 22 BRANDON, d. 1547.
ii. EARL OF LINCOLN HENRY BRANDON, b. 1516; d. 1534.
101. iii. FRANCES BRANDON, b. 1517; d. 1559.
96. EARL LENNOX III JOHN 22 STEWART married UNKNOWN.
Children of JOHN STEWART and UNKNOWN are:
102. i. LORD D'AUBIGNY V JOHN 23 STUART.
103. ii. EARL LENNOX 4TH MATTHEW STUART, b. 1516; d. 1571.
97. EARL OF ARRAN II JAMES 22 HAMILTON was born 1515, and died 1575. He married MARGARET DOUGLAS 1532.
Child of JAMES HAMILTON and MARGARET DOUGLAS is:
i. 3D EARL OF ARRAN JAMES 23 HAMILTON, d. 1609.
98. KING OF SCOTLAND JAMES V was born 1512 in Linlithgow, Scotland, and died 1542. He married (1)MADELEINE OF FRANCE, daughter of FRANCIS and CLAUDE. She died 1537. He married (2)MARY OF GUISE 1538, daughter of DUKE OF GUISE CLAUDE. She was born 1515, and died 1560.
Child of JAMES and MARY is:
104. i. QUEEN OF SCOTS MARY 23 STUART, b. December 7, 1542, Linlithgow, Scotland; d. February 8, 1587,,England.
99. LADY MARGARET 22 DOUGLAS was born 1515, and died 1578. She married EARL LENNOX 4TH MATTHEW STUART, son of JOHN STEWART and UNKNOWN. He was born 1516, and died 1571.
Children of MARGARET DOUGLAS and MATTHEW STUART are:
105. i. EARL LENNOX 6TH CHARLES 23 STUART, d. 1576.
106. ii. LORD DARNLEY HENRY STUART, b. 1545; d. 1567.
100. ELEANOR 22 BRANDON died 1547. She married EARL HENRY OF CUMBERLAND CLIFFORD. He died 1569.
Child of ELEANOR BRANDON and HENRY CLIFFORD is:
i. MARGARET 23 CLIFFORD, d. 1596; m. EARL OF DERBY HENRY STANLEY; d. 1593.
101. FRANCES 22 BRANDON was born 1517, and died 1559. She married (1)DUKE OF SUFFOLK HENRY GREY. He died 1554. She married (2)ADRIAN STOKES. He died Abt. 1581.
Children of FRANCES BRANDON and HENRY GREY are:
107. i. LADY CATHERINE 23 GREY, d. Abt. 1568.
ii. LADY MARY GREY, d. 1578; m. THOMAS KEYES; d. 1571.
iii. JANE GREY, QUEEN OF ENGLAND (1553) b. October 1537, Bradgate, Leicestershire; d. February 12, 1554, Tower of London, Tower Green, London, England; m. LORD GUILDFORD DUDLEY, May 21, 1553, Durham House, London, England; d. February 12, 1554, Tower of London, Tower Green, London, England.
More About JANE GREY: Queen for 9 days Burial: Tower of London, Chapel Royal, London, England
102. LORD D'AUBIGNY V JOHN 23 STUART married UNKNOWN.
Child of JOHN STUART and UNKNOWN is:
i. DUKE LENNOX I ESME 24 STUART, d. 1583.
103. EARL LENNOX 4TH MATTHEW 23 STUART was born 1516, and died 1571. He married LADY MARGARET DOUGLAS, daughter of ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS and MARGARET TUDOR. She was born 1515, and died 1578.
Children are listed above under (99) Margaret Douglas.
104. QUEEN OF SCOTS MARY STUART was born December 7, 1542 in Linlithgow, Scotland, and was executed by decapitation at Fotheringay Castle, Northants on February 8, 1587. She married (1)KING OF FRANCE FRANCIS II April 24, 1558 in Paris, France, son of HENRY and CATHERINE DE MEDICI. He was born January 19, 1544 in Fontainebleau, France, and died December 5, 1560 in Orleans, France. She married (2)LORD DARNLEY HENRY STUART July 29, 1565 in Edinburgh, Scotland, son of MATTHEW STUART and MARGARET DOUGLAS. He was born 1545, and died 1567. She married (3)EARL BOTHWELL-4 JAMES HEPBURN Abt. 1567. He died 1576.
More About KING OF FRANCE FRANCIS II: Burial: St. Denis, France
Child of MARY STUART and HENRY STUART is:
108. i. JAMES I (JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND) KING OF ENGLAND (103-1625) 24 STUART, b. June 19, 1566, Edinburgh Castle, Scotland; d. March 27, 1625, Theobalds Park, Hertfordshire, Herts, England.
105. EARL LENNOX 6TH CHARLES 23 STUART died 1576. He married ELIZABETH CAVENDISH, daughter of SIR WILLIAM CAVENDISH. She died 1581.
Child of CHARLES STUART and ELIZABETH CAVENDISH is:
i. ARABELLA 24 STUART, d. 1615; m. DUKE SOMMERSET WILLIAM SEYMOUR; d. 1660.
106. LORD DARNLEY HENRY 23 STUART was born 1545, and died 1567. He married QUEEN OF SCOTS MARY STUART July 29, 1565 in Edinburgh, Scotland, daughter of JAMES and MARY. She was born December 7, 1542 in Linlithgow, Scotland, and died February 8, 1587 in,England.
Child is listed above under (104) Mary Stuart.
107. LADY CATHERINE 23 GREY died Abt. 1568. She married (1)HENRY HERBERT. She married (2)EARL OF HERTFORD EDWARD SEYMOUR, son of EDWARD SEYMOUR and ANNE STANHOPE.
Children of CATHERINE GREY and EDWARD SEYMOUR are:
109. i. LORD EDWARD BEAUCHAMP 24 SEYMOUR, d. 1612.
ii. THOMAS SEYMOUR, d. 1600; m. ISABEL ONLEY.
Generation No. 24
108. JAMES I (JAMES VI KING OF SCOTLAND) KING OF ENGLAND (1603-1625) 24 STUART was born June 19, 1566 in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, and died March 27, 1625 in Theobalds Park, Hertfordshire, Herts, England. He married ANNE OF DENMARK November 23, 1589 in Oslo, Norway, daughter of FREDERICK and SOPHIA. She was born October 14, 1574 in Skanderborg, Castle, and died March 4, 1619 in Hampton Court, Palace.
More About JAMES I STUART: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About ANNE OF DENMARK: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Children of JAMES STUART and ANNE are:
i. PRINCE OF WALES HENRY FREDERICK 25 STUART, b. February 19, 1594, Stirling Castle; d. November 6, 1612, St. James Palace, England.
110. ii. ELIZABETH STUART, b. August 19, 1596, Dunfermline; d. February 13, 1662, Leicester House, London, England.
iii. MARGARET STUART, b. December 24, 1598, Dalkeith Palace; d. March 1600, Linlithgow.
111. iv. CHARLES I, KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND, (1625-1649), b. November 19, 1600, Dunfermline, Scotland; d. Executed January 30, 1649, Whitehall Palace, England.
v. DUKE OF KINTYRE ROBERT STUART, b. January 18, 1602, Dunfermline; d. May 27, 1602, Dunfermline.
vi. SON, b. May 1603, Stirling; d. May 1603, Stirling.
vii. MARY STUART, b. April 8, 1605, Greenwich Palace; d. September 16, 1607, Stanwell Park, Middlesex, England.
viii. SOPHIA STUART, b. June 22, 1606, Greenwich Palace; d. June 23, 1606, Greenwich Palace.
109. LORD EDWARD BEAUCHAMP 24 SEYMOUR died 1612. He married HONORA ROGERS, daughter of SIR RICHARD ROGERS.
Children of EDWARD SEYMOUR and HONORA ROGERS are:
i. DUKE SOMMERSET WILLIAM 25 SEYMOUR, d. 1660; m. (1)ARABELLA STUART; d. 1615; m. (2)FRANCES DEVEREUX; d. 1674.
ii. LORD EDWARD BEAUCHAMP SEYMOUR, d. 1618; m. ANNE SACKVILLE.
iii. BARON SEYMOUR FRANCIS SEYMOUR, d. 1664; m. (1)FRANCES PRYNNE; m. (2)CATHERINE LEE; d. 1700.
iv. HONORA SEYMOUR, d. 1620.
Generation No. 25
110. ELIZABETH 25 STUART was born August 19, 1596 in Dunfermline, and died February 13, 1662 in Leicester House, London, England. She married KING OF BOHEMIA FREDERICK V OF PALATINATE February 14, 1613 in Whitehall. He was born 1596, and died 1632.
Children of ELIZABETH STUART and FREDERICK are:
112. i. ELECTOR PALATINE CHARLES LOUIS 26, d. 1680.
ii. MAURICE, d. 1654.
ix. FREDERICK HENRY, b. 1614; d. 1629.
x. DUKE RUPERT OF CUMBERLAND, b. 1619; d. 1682.
113. xi. SOPHIA HANOVER, b. 1630; d. 1714.
111. CHARLES I, KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND, (1625-1649) 25 STUART was born November 19, 1600 in Dunfermline, Scotland, and died January 30, 1649 in Whitehall Palace, England. He married HENRIETTA MARIA OF FRANCE June 13, 1625 in Canterbury, England, daughter of HENRY and MARIE DE' MEDICI. She was born November 26, 1609 in Hotel du Louvre, Paris, France, and died August 31, 1669 in Colombe, Near Paris, France.
More About CHARLES I STUART: Executed at Whitehall palace Burial: St. George's, Chapel, Windsor, England
More About HENRIETTA MARIA OF FRANCE: Burial: St. Denis
Children of CHARLES STUART and HENRIETTA are:
i. DUKE OF CORNWALL CHARLES JAMES 26 STUART, b. May 13, 1629, Greenwich Palace; d. May 13, 1629, Greenwich Palace.
ii. CHARLES II, KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND & IRELAND, (1660-1685) STUART, b. May 29, 1630, St. James Palace, London, England; d. February 6, 1685, Whitehall Palace, England; m. CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA, May 20, 1662, Portsmouth, England; b. November 25, 1638, Vila Vicosa, Lisbon, Portugal; d. December 31, 1705, Bemposta, Palace, Lisbon, Portugal.
More About CHARLES II STUART: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
More About CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA: Burial: Belem
114. iii. PRINCESS ROYAL MARY STUART, b. November 4, 1631, St. James Palace, London, England; d. December 24, 1660, Whitehall Palace, England.
115. iv. JAMES II, KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND & IRELAND, (1685-1689) STUART, b. October 14, 1633, St. James Palace, London, England; d. September 6, 1701, St. Germain- en-Laye, France.
v. ELIZABETH STUART, b. December 29, 1635, St. James Palace, London, England; d. September 8, 1650, Carisbrooke, Castle, Isle of Wight, England.
vi. ANNE STUART, b. March 17, 1637, St. James Palace, London, England; d. November 5, 1640, Richmond Palace, England.
vii. CATHERINE STUART, b. June 29, 1639, Whitehall Palace, England; d. June 29, 1639, Whitehall Palace, England.
viii. DUKE HENRY OF GLOUCESTER STUART, b. July 8, 1640, Oatlands, Surrey, England; d. September 13, 1660, Whitehall Palace.
116. ix. HENRIETTA ANNE STUART, b. June 16, 1644, Bedford House, Exeter, England; d. June 30, 1670, St. Cloud.
Generation No. 26
112. ELECTOR PALATINE CHARLES LOUIS died 1680. He married CHARLOTTE LANDGRAVE, daughter of WILLIAM OF HESSE LANDGRAVE.
Child of CHARLES and CHARLOTTE LANDGRAVE is:
i. CHARLES 27, d. 1685.
113. SOPHIA 26 HANOVER was born 1630, and died 1714. She married DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF BRUNSWICK. He was born 1629, and died 1698.
Children of SOPHIA HANOVER and ERNEST are:
i. DUKE OF YORK ERNEST AUGUSTUS 27 .
ii. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, d. 1690.
iii. MAXIMILIAN WILLIAM, d. 1726.
iv. CHARLES PHILIP, d. 1690.
v. CHRISTIAN, d. 1703.
117. vi. GEORGE I, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1714-1727) HANOVER, b. May 28, 1660, Leineschloss, Osnabruck, Hanover, Germany; d. June 11, 1727, Osnabruck.
118. vii. SOPHIA CHARLOTTE, b. October 20, 1668, Schloss Iburg, Near, Osnabruck; d. February 1, 1705, Hanover.
114. PRINCESS ROYAL MARY 26 STUART was born November 4, 1631 in St. James Palace, London, England, and died December 24, 1660 in Whitehall Palace, England. She married PRINCE WILLIAM II OF ORANGE. He was born 1626, and died 1650.
Child of MARY STUART and WILLIAM is:
i. WILLIAM III OF ORANGE, KING OF ENGLAND SCOTLAND & IRELAND , (1689-1702) 27 STUART, b. November 14, 1650, The Hague, Netherlands; d. March 19, 1702, Kensington, Palace, England; m. MARY II, QUEEN (1689-1694) November 4, 1677, St. James Palace, England; b. April 30, 1662, St. James Palace, London, England; d. December 28, 1694, Kensington, Palace, London, England.
More About WILLIAM III OF ORANGE STUART and MARY II : Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
115. KING OF ENGLAND JAMES II 26 STUART was born October 14, 1633 in St. James Palace, London, England, and died September 6, 1701 in St. Germain-, en-Laye, France. He married (1)ANNE HYDE November 24, 1659 in Breda, daughter of EARL OF CLAREDON EDWARD HYDE. She was born March 12, 1638 in Cranbourne Lodge, Near, Windsor, England, and died March 31, 1671 in St. James Palace, London, England. He married (2)MARY BEATRICE OF MODENA November 21, 1673 in Dover, England, daughter of ALFONSO D'ESTE and LAURA MORTINOZZI. She was born September 25, 1658, and died May 7, 1718 in St. Germain-, en-Laye, France.
More About KING OF ENGLAND JAMES II STUART: Burial: St. Germain-, en-Laye, France
More About MARY BEATRICE OF MODENA: Burial: Convent of, Chaillot, France
Children of JAMES STUART and ANNE HYDE are:
i. DUKE CHARLES OF CAMBRIDGE 27, b. October 22, 1660, Worcester House, London, England; d. May 5, 1661, Whitehall.
ii. MARY II, b. April 30, 1662, St. James Palace, London, England; d. December 28, 1694, Kensington, Palace, London, England; m. WILLIAM III OF ORANGE STUART, November 4, 1677, St. James Palace, England; b. November 14, 1650, The Hague, Netherlands; d. March 19, 1702, Kensington, Palace, England.
More About MARY II: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
iii. DUKE JAMES OF CAMBRIDGE, b. July 12, 1663, St. James Palace, London, England; d. May 22, 1667, St. James Palace, London, England.
119. iv. ANNE, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND & IRELAND, (1702-1714) STUART, b. February 6, 1665, St. James Palace, London, England; d. August 1, 1714, Kensington, Palace, London, England.
v. DUKE OF KENDAL CHARLES, b. July 4, 1666, St. James Palace, London, England; d. June 20, 1667, Richmond Palace, England.
vi. DUKE EDGAR OF CAMBRIDGE, b. September 14, 1667, St. James Palace, London, England; d. November 15, 1669, Richmond Palace, London, England.
vii. HENRIETTA, b. January 13, 1669, Whitehall, England; d. November 15, 1669, St. James Palace, England.
viii. CATHERINE, b. February 9, 1671, Whitehall, England; d. December 5, 1671, St. James Palace, England.
Children of JAMES STUART and MARY are:
ix. CATHERINE LAURA 27 STUART, b. January 10, St. James Palace, London, England; d. October 3, 1675, St. James Palace, London, England.
x. DUKE CHARLES OF CAMBRIDGE STUART, b. November 7, 1677, St. James Palace, London, England; d. December 12, 1677, St. James Palace, London, England.
xi. CHARLOTTE MARIA STUART, b. August 16, 1682, St. James Palace, London, England; d. October 6, 1682, St. James Palace, London, England.
120. xii. PRINCE OF WALES JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART, b. June 10, 1688, St. James Palace, London, England; d. January 1, 1766, Rome, Italy.
xiii. LOUISA MARIA THERESA STUART, b. June 28, 1692, St. Germain-, en-Laye, France; d. April 8, 1712, St. Germain-, en-Laye, France.
116. HENRIETTA ANNE 26 STUART was born June 16, 1644 in Bedford House, Exeter, England, and died June 30, 1670 in St. Cloud. She married DUKE PHILIPPE OF ORLEANS March 31, 1661 in Paris, France, son of LOUIS and ANNE. He was born 1641, and died 1701.
Children of HENRIETTA STUART and PHILIPPE are:
i. MARIE LOUISE 27, b. 1662; d. 1689; m. KING OF SPAIN CHARLES II; b. 1661; d. 1700.
ii. ANNA MARIA, b. 1669; d. 1728; m. DUKE OF SAVOY VICTOR AMADEUS II; b. 1666; d. 1732.
Generation No. 27
117. GEORGE I, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1714-1727) 27 HANOVER was born May 28, 1660 in Leineschloss, Osnabruck, Hanover, Germany, and died June 11, 1727 in Osnabruck. He married SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE November 22, 1682 in Celle, daughter of GEORGE and CELLE. She was born September 10, 1666, and died November 13, 1726.
More About GEORGE I HANOVER: Burial: Moved in 1957 to Herrenhausen
More About SOPHIA DOROTHEA OF CELLE: Burial: Celle
Children of GEORGE HANOVER and SOPHIA are:
121. i. GEORGE II, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1727-1760) 28 HANOVER, b. October 30, 1683, Herrenhausen, Palace, Hannover, Germany; d. October 25, 1760, Kensington, Palace, London, England.
122. ii. SOPHIA DOROTHEA HANOVER, b. March 26, 1687, Hanover; d. June 28, 1757, Monbijou Palace, Berlin, Germany.
118. SOPHIA CHARLOTTE was born October 20, 1668 in Schloss Iburg, Near, Osnabruck, and died February 1, 1705 in Hanover. She married KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK I October 8, 1684 in Herrenhausen. He was born July 11, 1657 in Konigsberg, Prussia, and died February 25, 1713 in Berlin, Germany.
More About SOPHIA CHARLOTTE: Burial: Berlin, Cathedral, Germany
Children of SOPHIA and FREDERICK are:
i. SON (STILLBORN) 28 .
ii. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, b. 1685; d. 1686.
123. iii. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM I, b. August 14, 1688, Berlin, Germany; d. May 31, 1740, Potsdam, Germany.
119. ANNE, QUEEN OF ENGLAND (1702-1714) 27 STUART was born February 6, 1665 in St. James Palace, London, England, and died August 1, 1714 in Kensington, Palace, London, England. She married PRINCE GEORGE OF DENMARK July 28, 1683 in Chapel Royal, St. James, England, son of FREDERICK and SOPHIA. He was born April 2, 1653 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died October 28, 1708 in Kensington, Palace, England.
More About QUEEN OF ENGLAND ANNE STUART: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Children of ANNE STUART and GEORGE are:
i. DAUGHTER 28, b. May 12, 1684; d. May 12, 1684.
ii. MARY, b. June 2, 1685, Whitehall, England; d. February 8, 1687, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
iii. ANNE SOPHIA, b. May 12, 1686, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. February 2, 1687, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
iv. SON, b. October 22, 1687; d. October 22, 1687.
v. DUKE WILLIAM OF GLOUCESTER, b. July 24, 1689, Hampton Court, Palace, England; d. July 30, 1700, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
vi. MARY, b. October 14, 1690, St. James Palace, London, England; d. October 14, 1690, St. James Palace, London, England.
vii. GEORGE, b. April 17, 1692, Syon House, Brentford, Middlesex, England; d. April 17, 1692, Syon House, Brentford, Middlesex, England.
viii. DAUGHTER, b. March 23, 1693, Berkeley House, England; d. March 23, 1693, Berkeley House, England.
ix. DAUGHTER, b. February 18, 1696; d. February 18, 1696.
x. SON, b. September 20, 1696, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. September 20, 1696, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
xi. SON, b. September 15, 1698; d. September 15, 1698.
xii. DAUGHTER, b. January 25, 1700; d. January 25, 1700.
120. PRINCE OF WALES JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD 27 STUART was born June 10, 1688 in St. James Palace, London, England, and died January 1, 1766 in Rome, Italy. He married MARIA CASIMIRE CLEMENTINA SOBIESKA September 3, 1719 in Monte Fiascone, daughter of PRINCE JAMES LOUIS SOBIESKI. She was born July 18, 1702, and died January 18, 1735 in Rome, Italy.
Children of JAMES STUART and MARIA SOBIESKA are:
i. CHARLES EDWARD LOUIS 28 STUART (BONNY PRINCE CHARLIE) , b. December 31, 1720, Rome, Italy; d. January 31, 1788, Rome, Italy; m. LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, April 17, 1772, Marcerata; b. September 10, 1752, Mons; d. January 29, 1824, Florence, Italy.
More about CHARLES EDWARD STUART: Landed in Scotland to raise Jacobite rebellion in 1745 to attempt to restore Scottish and English thrones. Defeated at Culloden after which he returned to exile.
ii. DUKE OF YORK HENRY BENEDICT THOMAS STUART, b. March 6, 1725, Rome, Italy; d. July 13, 1807, Frascati, Italy.
Generation No. 28
121. GEORGE II, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1727-1760) 28 HANOVER was born October 30, 1683 in Herrenhausen, Palace, Hannover, Germany, and died October 25, 1760 in Kensington, Palace, London, England. He married CAROLINE OF ANSBACH August 22, 1705 in Herrenhausen, daughter of MARGRAVE JOHN FREDERICK OF BRANDENBURG-. She was born 1683, and died 1737.
More About GEORGE II HANOVER: Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England
Children of GEORGE HANOVER and CAROLINE are:
124. i. PRINCE OF WALES FREDERICK LOUIS 29 HANOVER, b. January 31, 1701, Hanover; d. March 31, 1751, Leicester-House, London, England.
125. ii. PRINCESS ROYAL ANNE HANOVER, b. November 2, 1709, Herrenhausen; d. January 12, 1759, The Hague.
iii. AMELIA SOPHIA ELEANOR HANOVER, b. July 10, 1711, Herrenhausen; d. October 31, 1786, Cavendish Square, London, England.
iv. CAROLINE ELIZABETH HANOVER, b. June 21, 1713, Herrenhausen; d. December 28, 1757, St. James Palace, England.
v. SON, b. November 20, 1716, St. James Palace, London, England; d. November 20, 1716, St. James Palace, London, England.
vi. GEORGE WILLIAM HANOVER, b. November 13, 1717, St. James Palace, London, England; d. February 17, 1718, Kensington, Palace, London, England.
vii. DUKE WILLIAM AUGUSTUS OF CUMBERLAND HANOVER, b. April 26, 1721, Leicester House; d. October 31, 1765, London, England.
126. viii. MARY HANOVER, b. March 5, 1723, Leicester House; d. January 14, 1772, Hanau.
127. ix. LOUISA HANOVER, b. December 18, 1724, Leicester House, London, England; d. December 19, 1751, Christiansborg, Denmark.
122. SOPHIA DOROTHEA 28 HANOVER was born March 26, 1687 in Hanover, and died June 28, 1757 in Monbijou Palace, Berlin, Germany. She married KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM I November 28, 1706 in Berlin, son of FREDERICK and SOPHIA. He was born August 14, 1688 in Berlin, Germany, and died May 31, 1740 in Potsdam, Germany.
More About KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM I: Burial: Potsdam, Germany
Children of SOPHIA HANOVER and FREDERICK are:
i. FREDERICK LOUIS 29, b. 1707; d. 1708.
ii. FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. 1710; d. 1711.
iii. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK II THE GREAT, b. January 24, 1712, Berlin, Germany; d. August 17, 1786, Sans Souci, Potsdam, Germany; m. ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 1733; b. 1715; d. 1797.
iv. CHARLOTTE ALBERTINE, b. 1713; d. 1714.
v. FREDERICA LOUISE, b. 1714; d. 1784.
vi. PHILIPPINE CHARLOTTE, b. 1716; d. 1801.
vii. LOUIS CHARLES WILLIAM, b. 1717; d. 1719.
viii. SOPHIA, b. 1719; d. 1765.
ix. LOUISE ULRIKA, b. 1720; d. 1782.
128. x. AUGUSTUS WILLIAM, b. 1722; d. 1758.
xi. ANNA AMELIA, b. 1725; d. 1787.
xii. HENRY, b. 1726; d. 1802.
xiii. FERDINAND, b. 1730; d. 1813.
123. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM I was born August 14, 1688 in Berlin, Germany, and died May 31, 1740 in Potsdam, Germany. He married SOPHIA DOROTHEA HANOVER November 28, 1706 in Berlin, daughter of GEORGE HANOVER and SOPHIA. She was born March 26, 1687 in Hanover, and died June 28, 1757 in Monbijou Palace, Berlin, Germany.
More About KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM I: Burial: Potsdam, Germany
Children are listed above under (122) Sophia Dorothea Hanover.
Generation No. 29
124. PRINCE OF WALES FREDERICK LOUIS 29 HANOVER was born January 31, 1701 in Hanover, and died March 31, 1751 in Leicester-House, London, England. He married AUGUSTA OF SAXE-GOTHA May 8, 1736 in Chapel Royal, St. James, daughter of FREDERICK and MAGDALENA. She was born November 30, 1719 in Gotha, and died February 8, 1772 in Carlton House.
Children of FREDERICK HANOVER and AUGUSTA are:
129. i. AUGUSTA 30 HANOVER, b. August 12, 1737, St. James Palace, London, England; d. March 23, 1813, London, England.
130. ii. GEORGE III, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1760-1820) HANOVER, b. June 4, 1738, Norfolk-House, St. James Square, London, England; d. January 29, 1820, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
iii. DUKE OF YORK EDWARD AUGUSTUS HANOVER, b. March 25, 1739, Norfolk House; d. September 17, 1767, Monaco.
iv. ELIZABETH CAROLINE HANOVER, b. January 10, 1741; d. September 4, 1759, Kew Palace.
131. v. DUKE EDWARD HENRY OF GLOUCESTER HANOVER, b. November 25, 1743, Leicester House; d. August 25, 1805, Gloucester House.
vi. DUKE HENRY FREDERICK OF CUMBERLAND HANOVER, b. November 7, 1745, Leicester House; d. September 18, 1790, London, England; m. HON. ANNE HORTON; d. 1808.
vii. LOUISA ANNE HANOVER, b. March 19, 1749, Leicester House; d. May 13, 1768, Carlton House.
viii. FREDERICK WILLIAM HANOVER, b. May 24, 1750, Leicester House; d. December 29, 1765, Leicester House.
132. ix. CAROLINE MATILDA HANOVER, b. July 22, 1751, Leicester House; d. May 10, 1775, Celle.
125. PRINCESS ROYAL ANNE 29 HANOVER was born November 2, 1709 in Herrenhausen, and died January 12, 1759 in The Hague. She married PRINCE WILLIAM IV OF ORANGE, son of JOHN FRISO and MARY. He was born 1711, and died 1751.
Children of ANNE HANOVER and WILLIAM are:
133. i. CAROLINE 30, b. 1743; d. 1787.
134. ii. PRINCE WILLIAM V OF ORANGE, b. 1748; d. 1806.
126. MARY 29 HANOVER was born March 5, 1723 in Leicester House, and died January 14, 1772 in Hanau. She married LANDGRAVE FREDERICK II OF HESSE-CASSEL June 28, 1740 in Cassel. He was born 1720, and died 1785.
Children of MARY HANOVER and FREDERICK are:
i. ELECTOR WILLIAM IX OF HESSE-CASSEL 30 .
135. ii. LANDGRAVE FREDERICK OF HESSE-CASSEL, b. 1747; d. 1837.
127. LOUISA 29 HANOVER was born December 18, 1724 in Leicester House, London, England, and died December 19, 1751 in Christiansborg, Denmark. She married KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK V December 11, 1743 in Christiansborg, son of CHRISTIAN and SOPHIE. He was born March 31, 1723 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died January 14, 1766 in Christiansborg.
Children of LOUISA HANOVER and FREDERICK are:
i. CHRISTIAN 30, b. 1745; d. 1747.
ii. SOPHIA MAGDALENA, b. 1746; d. 1813; m. KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAF III, 1766; b. 1746; d. 1792.
iii. CAROLINE, b. 1747; d. 1820; m. ELECTOR WILLIAM I OF HESSE-CASSEL, 1763; b. 1743; d. 1821.
136. iv. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN VII, b. January 29, 1749, Copenhagen, Denmark; d. March 13, 1808, Rendsborg.
137. v. LOUISE, b. 1750; d. 1831.
128. AUGUSTUS WILLIAM 29 was born 1722, and died 1758. He married LOUISE OF BRUNSWICK. She was born 1722, and died 1780.
Children of AUGUSTUS and LOUISE are:
138. i. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM II 30, b. September 25, 1744, Berlin; d. December 16, 1797, Marmorpalais, Potsdam.
ii. FREDERICK HENRY CHARLES, b. 1747; d. 1767.
iii. WILHELMINE, b. 1751; d. 1820; m. WILLIAM V OF ORANGE.
iv. GEORGE CHARLES EMIL, b. 1758; d. 1759.
Generation No. 30
129. AUGUSTA 30 HANOVER was born August 12, 1737 in St. James Palace, London, England, and died March 23, 1813 in London, England. She married DUKE CHARLES OF BRUNSWICK- WOLFENBUTTEL.
Child of AUGUSTA HANOVER and CHARLES is:
139. i. CAROLINE AMELIA OF BRUNSWICK 31, b. 1768; d. 1821.
130. GEORGE III, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRLEAND (1760-1820) 30 HANOVER was born June 4, 1738 in Norfolk-House, St. James Square, London, England, and died January 29, 1820 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England. He married (SOPHIA) CHARLOTTE, daughter of CHARLES and ELIZABETH ALBERTIN. She was born May 19, 1744 in Mirow, and died November 17, 1818 in Kew Palace.
More About KING OF ENGLAND GEORGE III HANOVER: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
More About (SOPHIA) CHARLOTTE: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, England
Children of GEORGE HANOVER and (SOPHIA) are:
140. i. GEORGE IV, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1820-1830) 31HANOVER, b. August 12, 1762,London, England; d. June 26, 1830, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
ii. DUKE OF YORK FREDERICK HANOVER, b. August 16, 1763, St. James Palace, London, England; d. January 5, 1827, Rutland House, Arlington St., London, England; m. PRINCESS FREDERICA CHARLOTTE OF PRUSSIA; b. May 7, 1767, Charlottenburg; d. August 6, 1820, Oatlands Park, Weybridge, Surrey, England.
141. iii. WILLIAM IV HENRY, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1830-1837) HANOVER, b. August 21, 1765, Buckingham House, London, England; d. June 20, 1837, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
iv. PRINCESS ROYAL CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA MATILDA HANOVER, b. September 29, 1766, Buckingham House, St. James Park, London, England; d. October 6, 1828, Ludwigsburg; m. KING FREDERICK I OF WURTTEMBERG, May 18, 1797, Chapel Royal, St James Palace, England; b. 1754; d. 1816.
142. v. DUKE OF KENT EDWARD AUGUSTUS HANOVER, b. November 2, 1767, Buckingham House, London, England; d. January 23, 1820, Sidmouth, Devon, England.
vi. AUGUSTA SOPHIA HANOVER, b. November 8, 1768, Buckingham House; d. September 22, 1840, Clarence House, St. James.
vii. ELIZABETH HANOVER, b. May 22, 1770, Buckingham House; d. January 10, 1840, Frankfurt, -am-Main; m. LANDGRAVE FREDERICK VI OF HESSE-HOMBURG, April 7, 1818, Buckingham House; b. 1769; d. 1829.
143. viii. KING OF HANOVER ERNEST AUGUSTUS I HANOVER, b. June 5, 1771, Buckingham House, London, England; d. November 18, 1851, Herrenhausen.
ix. DUKE OF SUSSEX AUGUSTUS FREDERICK HANOVER, b. January 27, 1773, Buckingham House; d. April 21, 1843, Kensington Palac.
144. x. DUKE ADOLPHUS OF CAMBRIDGE HANOVER, b. 1774; d. 1850.
xi. MARY HANOVER, b. April 25, 1776, Buckingham House; d. April 30, 1857, Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, England; m. DUKE WILLIAM FREDERICK OF GLOUCESTER; b. 1776; d. 1834.
xii. SOPHIA HANOVER, b. November 2, 1777, Buckingham House; d. May 27, 1848, Vicarage Place, Kensington.
xiii. OCTAVIUS HANOVER, b. February 23, 1779, Buckingham House; d. May 3, 1783, Kew Palace.
xiv. ALFRED HANOVER, b. September 22, 1780, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. August 20, 1783, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
xv. AMELIA HANOVER, b. August 7, 1783, Royal Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. November 2, 1810, Augusta Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
131. DUKE EDWARD HENRY OF GLOUCESTER 30 HANOVER was born November 25, 1743 in Leicester House, and died August 25, 1805 in Gloucester House. He married COUNTESS MARIA OF WALDEGRAVE WALPOLE, daughter of HON. SIR EDWARD WALPOLE. She died 1790.
Children of EDWARD HANOVER and MARIA WALPOLE are:
i. SOPHIA 31, d. 1844.
ii. DUKE WILLIAM FREDERICK OF GLOUCESTER, b. 1776; d. 1834; m. MARY HANOVER; b. April 25, 1776, Buckingham House; d. April 30, 1857, Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, England.
132. CAROLINE MATILDA 30 HANOVER was born July 22, 1751 in Leicester House, and died May 10, 1775 in Celle. She married KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN VII November 8, 1766 in Christiansborg, son of FREDERICK and LOUISA HANOVER. He was born January 29, 1749 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died March 13, 1808 in Rendsborg.
More About CAROLINE MATILDA HANOVER: Burial: Celle
Children of CAROLINE HANOVER and CHRISTIAN are:
145. i. KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VI 31, b. January 28, 1768, Christiansborg, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark; d. December 3, 1839, Amalienborg.
146. ii. LOUISE AUGUSTA, b. 1771; d. 1843.
133. CAROLINE 30 was born 1743, and died 1787. She married PRINCE CHARLES CHRISTIAN OF NASSAU-WEILB 1760. He was born 1735, and died 1788
Children of CAROLINE and CHARLES are:
147. i. HENRIETTE 31 .
148. ii. PRINCE FRIEDRICH WILHELM OF NASSAU-WEILB.
134. PRINCE WILLIAM V OF ORANGE was born 1748, and died 1806. He married WILHELMINA. She was born 1751, and died 1820.
Children of WILLIAM and WILHELMINA are:
i. FREDERICA 31, b. 1770; d. 1819; m. CHARLES, 1790; b. 1766; d. 1806.
149. ii. KING WILLIAM I OF NETHERLANDS, b. August 24, 1772, Oraniensaal, The Hague; d. December 12, 1843, Berlin, Germany.
iii. FREDERICK, b. 1774; d. 1799.
135. LANDGRAVE FREDERICK OF HESSE-CASSEL was born 1747, and died 1837. He married PRINCESS CAROLINE OF NASSAU- USINGEN. She was born 1762, and died 1823.
Children of FREDERICK and CAROLINE are:
150. i. LANDGRAVE WILLIAM OF HESSE-CASSEL 31, b. 1787; d. 1867.
151. ii. PRINCESS AUGUSTA OF HESSE-CASSEL, b. 1797; d. 1889.
136. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN VII was born January 29, 1749 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died March 13, 1808 in Rendsborg. He married CAROLINE MATILDA HANOVER November 8, 1766 in Christiansborg, daughter of FREDERICK HANOVER and AUGUSTA. She was born July 22, 1751 in Leicester House, and died May 10, 1775 in Celle.
More About CAROLINE MATILDA HANOVER: Burial: Celle
Children are listed above under (132) Caroline Matilda Hanover.
137. LOUISE was born 1750, and died 1831. She married CHARLES OF HESSE-CASSEL. He was born 1744, and died 1836.
Children of LOUISE and CHARLES are:
152. i. MARIE 31, b. October 28, 1767, Hanau; d. March 21, 1852, Amalienborg, Denmark.
153. ii. PRINCESS LOUISE CAROLINE OF HESSE-CASSEL, b. 1789; d. 1867.
138. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM II was born September 25, 1744 in Berlin, and died December 16, 1797 in Marmorpalais, Potsdam. He married (1)ELIZABETH CHRISTINE OF BRUNSWICK July 14, 1765 in Charlottenburg. She was born November 8, 1746 in Wolfenbuttel, and died February 18, 1840 in Stettin. He married (2)FREDERICA OF HESSE- DARMSTADT July 14, 1769 in Charlottenburg, daughter of LUDWIG and CAROLINE. She was born October 16, 1751 in Prenzlau, and died February 25, 1805 in Berlin.
Child of FREDERICK and ELIZABETH is:
i. PRINCESS FREDERICA CHARLOTTE OF PRUSSIA 31, b. May 7, 1767, Charlottenburg; d. August 6, 1820, Oatlands Park, Weybridge, Surrey, England; m. DUKE OF YORK FREDERICK HANOVER; b. August 16, 1763, St. James Palace, London, England; d. January 5, 1827, Rutland House, Arlington St., London, England.
Children of FREDERICK and FREDERICA are:
ii. SON STILLBORN 31 .
155. vi. WILHELMINA, b. November 18, 1774, Potsdam; d. October 12, 1837, The Hague.
vii. AUGUSTA, b. 1780; d. 1841; m. ELECTOR WILLIAM II OF HESSE.
viii. CHARLES, b. 1781; d. 1846.
ix. WILLIAM, b. 1783; d. 1851; m. MARIA ANNA OF HESSE; b. 1785; d. 1846.
Generation No. 31
139. CAROLINE AMELIA OF BRUNSWICK was born 1768, and died 1821. She married KING OF ENGLAND GEORGE IV HANOVER April 8, 1795 in Chapel Royal, St James Palace, England, son of GEORGE HANOVER and (SOPHIA). He was born August 12, 1762 in,,London, England, and died June 26, 1830 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
Child of CAROLINE and GEORGE HANOVER is:
i. PRINCESS CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA 32 HANOVER, b. January 7, 1796, Carlton House; d. November 6, 1817, Claremont House, Esher, Surrey, England; m. KING OF BELGIUM LEOPOLD I GEORGE OF SAXE-COBURG, May 2, 1816, Carlton House, London, England; b. December 16, 1790, Coburg, Germany; d. December 10, 1865, Laeken, Belgium.
More About PRINCESS CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA HANOVER: Burial: St George Chapel, Windsor, England
More About KING OF BELGIUM LEOPOLD I GEORGE OF SAXE-COBURG: Burial: Laeken, Belgium
140. GEORGE IV, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1820-1830) 31 HANOVER was born August 12, 1762 in,,London, England, and died June 26, 1830 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. He married (1)MARIA ANNE FITZHERBERT 1785. She was born 1756, and died 1837. He married (2)CAROLINE AMELIA OF BRUNSWICK April 8, 1795 in Chapel Royal, St James Palace, England, daughter of CHARLES and AUGUSTA HANOVER. She was born 1768, and died 1821.
Child is listed above under (139) Caroline Amelia of Brunswick.
141. WILLIAM IV HENRY, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1830-1837) HENRY 31 HANOVER was born August 21, 1765 in Buckingham House, London, England, and died June 20, 1837 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England. He married PRINCESS ADELAIDE LOUISA THERESA July 11, 1818 in Kew Palace, daughter of GEORGE and LOUISA. She was born August 13, 1792 in Meiningen, and died December 2, 1849 in Near Stanmore, Middlesex, England.
More About KING OF ENGLAND WILLIAM IV HENRY HANOVER: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, Berkshire, England
More About PRINCESS ADELAIDE LOUISA THERESA: Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, England
Children of WILLIAM HANOVER and ADELAIDE are:
i. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA LOUISA 32 HANOVER, b. 1819; d. March 27, 1819, Furstenhof, Hanover.
ii. ELIZABETH GEORGIANA ADELAIDE HANOVER, b. December 10, 1820, St. James Palac; d. March 4, 1821, St. James Palac.
iii. TWIN-BOY 1, b. April 23, 1822, Bushy Park; d. April 23, 1822, Bushy Park.
iv. TWIN-BOY 2, b. April 23, 1822, Bushy Park; d. April 23, 1822, Bushy Park.
142. DUKE OF KENT EDWARD AUGUSTUS 31 HANOVER was born November 2, 1767 in Buckingham House, London, England, and died January 23, 1820 in Sidmouth, Devon, England. He married VICTORIA MARY LOUISA July 11, 1818 in Kew Palace, daughter of FRANCIS and AUGUSTA. She was born August 17, 1786 in Coburg, and died March 16, 1861 in Frogmore House, Windsor, England.
Child of EDWARD HANOVER and VICTORIA is:
156. i. VICTORIA, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1837-1901) 32 HANOVER, b. May 24, 1819, Kensington, Palace, London, England; d. January 22, 1901, Osborne House, Isle of Wight, England.
143. KING OF HANOVER ERNEST AUGUSTUS I 31 HANOVER was born June 5, 1771 in Buckingham House, London, England, and died November 18, 1851 in Herrenhausen. He married DUCHESS FREDERICA OF MECKLENBURG- STRELITZ August 29, 1815 in Carlton House, London, England, daughter of CHARLES and FREDERICA. She was born March 2, 1778 in Hanover, Germany, and died June 29, 1841 in Hanover.
More About KING OF HANOVER ERNEST AUGUSTUS I HANOVER: Burial: Herrenhausen
More About DUCHESS FREDERICA OF MECKLENBURG- STRELITZ: Burial: Herrenhausen
Child of ERNEST HANOVER and FREDERICA is:
157. i. KING OF HANOVER GEORGE V 32 HANOVER, b. May 27, 1819, Berlin, Germany; d. June 12, 1878, Paris, France.
144. DUKE ADOLPHUS OF CAMBRIDGE 31 HANOVER was born 1774, and died 1850. He married PRINCESS AUGUSTA OF HESSE-CASSEL, daughter of FREDERICK and CAROLINE. She was born 1797, and died 1889.
Children of ADOLPHUS HANOVER and AUGUSTA are:
158. i. DUKE GEORGE OF CAMBRIDGE 32, b. 1819; d. 1904.
159. ii. AUGUSTA CAROLINE, b. 1822; d. 1916.
160. iii. MARY ADELAIDE "FAT MARY", b. 1833; d. 1897.
145. KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VI was born January 28, 1768 in Christiansborg, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark, and died December 3, 1839 in Amalienborg. He married MARIE July 31, 1790 in Gottorp, daughter of CHARLES and LOUISE. She was born October 28, 1767 in Hanau, and died March 21, 1852 in Amalienborg, Denmark.
Children of FREDERICK and MARIE are:
i. CHRISTIAN 32, b. 1791; d. 1791.
ii. MARIE LOUISE, b. 1792; d. 1793.
iii. CAROLINE, b. 1793; d. 1881; m. FERDINAND; b. 1792; d. 1863.
iv. LOUISE, b. 1795; d. 1795.
v. CHRISTIAN, b. 1797; d. 1797.
vi. LOUISE JULIANE, b. 1802; d. 1802.
vii. FREDERICA MARIA, b. 1805; d. 1805.
viii. WILHELMINE, b. January 18, 1808, Kiel; d. May 30, 1891, Glucksburg; m. (1)DUKE CHARLES; b. 1813; d. 1878; m. (2)KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VII, November 1, 1828, Copenhagen; b. October 6, 1808, Amalienborg; d. November 15, 1863, Glucksburg.
146. LOUISE AUGUSTA was born 1771, and died 1843. She married DUKE FREDERICK CHRISTIAN OF SCHLESWIG-. He was born 1765, and died 1814.
Child of LOUISE and FREDERICK is:
i. CAROLINE 32, b. June 22, 1796, Copenhagen; d. March 9, 1881, Amalienborg; m. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN VIII, May 22, 1815, Augustenburg; b. September 18, 1786, Christiansborg; d. January 20, 1848, Amalienborg.
147. HENRIETTE married DUKE LUDWIG OF WURTTEMBERG.
Children of HENRIETTE and LUDWIG are:
161. i. DUCHESS AMALIE OF WURTTEMBERG 32, d. 1848.
162. ii. MARIA.
163. iii. DUKE ALEXANDER OF WURTTEMBERG, b. 1804; d. 1885.
148. PRINCE FRIEDRICH WILHELM OF NASSAU-WEILB married UNKNOWN.
Child of FRIEDRICH and UNKNOWN is:
164. i. DUKE WILHELM OF NASSAU 32 .
149. KING WILLIAM I OF NETHERLANDS was born August 24, 1772 in Oraniensaal, The Hague, and died December 12, 1843 in Berlin, Germany. He married (1)WILHELMINA October 1, 1791 in Berlin, Germany, daughter of FREDERICK and FREDERICA. She was born November 18, 1774 in Potsdam, and died October 12, 1837 in The Hague. He married (2)HENRIETTA February 17, 1841 in Berlin, Germany. She was born February 28, 1792 in Maastricht, and died October 26, 1864 in Schloss Rahr, Near Aachen.
Children of WILLIAM and WILHELMINA are:
165. i. KING WILLIAM II OF NETHERLANDS 32, b. December 6, 1792, The Hague, Netherlands; d. March 17, 1849, Tilburg.
166. ii. PRINCE FREDERIK OF NETHERLANDS, b. 1797; d. 1881.
iii. CHARLOTTE, b. 1800; d. 1806.
iv. MARIANNE OF NETHERLANDS, b. 1810; d. 1883; m. PRINCE ALBERT OF PRUSSIA, 1830; b. 1809; d. 1872.
150. LANDGRAVE WILLIAM OF HESSE-CASSEL was born 1787, and died 1867. He married PRINCESS LOUISE CHARLOTTE OF DENMARK 1810, daughter of FREDERICK and SOPHIA. She was born 1789, and died 1864.
Children of WILLIAM and LOUISE are:
i. OTHER ISSUE 32 .
167. ii. PRINCESS LOUISE OF HESSE-CASSEL, b. September 7, 1817, Cassel; d. September 29, 1898, Bernstorff.
151. PRINCESS AUGUSTA OF HESSE-CASSEL 31 was born 1797, and died 1889. She married DUKE ADOLPHUS OF CAMBRIDGE HANOVER, son of GEORGE HANOVER and (SOPHIA). He was born 1774, and died 1850.
Children are listed above under (144) Adolphus of Cambridge Hanover.
152. MARIE was born October 28, 1767 in Hanau, and died March 21, 1852 in Amalienborg, Denmark. She married KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VI July 31, 1790 in Gottorp, son of CHRISTIAN and CAROLINE HANOVER. He was born January 28, 1768 in Christiansborg, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark, and died December 3, 1839 in Amalienborg.
Children are listed above under (145) Frederick VI.
153. PRINCESS LOUISE CAROLINE OF HESSE-CASSEL was born 1789, and died 1867. She married DUKE FREDERICK WILLIAM OF SCHLESWIG- 1810. He was born 1785, and died 1831.
Child of LOUISE and FREDERICK is:
168. i. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN IX 32, b. April 8, 1818, Gottorp; d. January 29, 1906, Amalienborg.
154. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM III was born 1770 in Potsdam, Germany, and died 1840. He married (1)LOUISE OF MECKLENBURG- STRELITZ. She was born 1776, and died 1810. He married (2)AUGUSTE VON HARRACH. She was born 1800, and died 1873.
Children of FREDERICK and LOUISE are:
i. DAUGHTER STILLBORN 32 .
ii. KING OF PRUSSIA FREDERICK WILLIAM IV, b. October 15, 1795, Berlin, Germany; d. January 2, 1861; m. ELIZABETH (TWIN) OF BAVARIA WITTELSBACH; b. 1801; d. 1873.
169. iii. EMPEROR WILLIAM I OF GERMANY, b. March 22, 1797, Berlin, Germany; d. March 9, 1888, Berlin, Germany.
170. iv. PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF PRUSSIA, b. 1798; d. 1860.
v. FREDERICA, b. 1799; d. 1800.
vi. CHARLES, b. 1801; d. 1883; m. MARIE OF SAXE-WEIMAR- EISENACH; b. 1808; d. 1877.
171. vii. ALEXANDRINE, b. 1803; d. 1892.
viii. FERDINAND, b. 1804; d. 1806.
172. ix. LOUISA OF PRUSSIA, b. 1808; d. 1870.
x. PRINCE ALBERT OF PRUSSIA, b. 1809; d. 1872; m. (1)COUNTESS ROSALIE OF HOHENAU VON RAUCH; b. 1820; d. 1879; m. (2)MARIANNE OF NETHERLANDS, 1830; b. 1810; d. 1883.
155. WILHELMINA was born November 18, 1774 in Potsdam, and died October 12, 1837 in The Hague. She married KING WILLIAM I OF NETHERLANDS October 1, 1791 in Berlin, Germany, son of WILLIAM and WILHELMINA. He was born August 24, 1772 in Oraniensaal, The Hague, and died December 12, 1843 in Berlin, Germany.
Children are listed above under (149) William I of Netherlands.
Generation No. 32
156. VICTORIA, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1837-1901) was born May 24, 1819 in Kensington, Palace, London, England, and died January 22, 1901 in Osborne House, Isle of Wight, England. She married PRINCE ALBERT AUGUSTUS CHARLES February 10, 1840 in Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, England, son of ERNEST and LOUISE. He was born August 26, 1819 in Schloss Rosenau, Near Coburg, Germany, and died December 14, 1861 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.
More About QUEEN OF ENGLAND VICTORIA HANOVER: Burial: Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, Berkshire, England
More About PRINCE ALBERT AUGUSTUS CHARLES: Burial: Royal Masoleum, Frogmore, Windsor, England
Children of VICTORIA HANOVER and ALBERT are:
173. i. PRINCESS ROYAL VICTORIA ADELAIDE MARY 33, b. November 21, 1840, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. August 5, 1901, Friedrichshof, Near, Kronberg, Taunus.
174. ii. EDWARD VII, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1901-1910) WETTIN, b. November 9, 1841, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. May 6, 1910, Buckingham, Palace, London, England.
175. iii. PRINCESS ALICE MAUD MARY, b. April 25, 1843, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. December 14, 1878, Darmstadt, Germany.
176. iv. PRINCE ALFRED ERNEST ALBERT, b. August 6, 1844, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England; d. July 30, 1900, Schloss Rosenau, Near Coburg.
177. v. PRINCESS HELENA AUGUSTA VICTORIA, b. May 25, 1846, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. June 9, 1923, Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London, England.
vi. PRINCESS LOUISE CAROLINE ALBERTA, b. March 18, 1848, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. December 3, 1939, Kensington, Palace, London, England; m. DUKE OF ARGYLL JOHN CAMPBELL, March 21, 1871, St. George Chap., Windsor, England; b. 1845; d. 1914.
More About PRINCESS LOUISE CAROLINE ALBERTA: Burial: Frogmore, England
178. vii. PRINCE ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK, b. May 1, 1850, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. January 16, 1942, Bagshot Park, Surrey.
179. viii. PRINCE LEOPOLD GEORGE DUNCAN, b. April 7, 1853, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. March 28, 1884, Cannes.
180. ix. PRINCESS BEATRICE MARY VICTORIA, b. April 14, 1857, Buckingham, Palace, London, England; d. October 26, 1944, Bantridge Park, Balcombe, Sussex, England.
157. KING OF HANOVER GEORGE V 32 HANOVER was born May 27, 1819 in Berlin, Germany, and died June 12, 1878 in Paris, France. He married PRINCESS MARY OF SAXE- ALTENBURG February 18, 1843 in Hanover, Germany. She was born April 14, 1818 in Hildburghausen, and died January 9, 1907 in Gmunden, Austria.
More About KING OF HANOVER GEORGE V HANOVER: Burial: St George Chapel, Windsor, England
More About PRINCESS MARY OF SAXE- ALTENBURG: Burial: Gmunden
Children of GEORGE HANOVER and MARY are:
181. i. DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF CUMBERLAND 33 HANOVER, b. 1845; d. 1923.
ii. FREDERICA HANOVER, b. 1848; d. 1926; m. BARON VON ALFONS PAWEL-RAMMINGEN; b. 1843; d. 1932.
iii. MARY HANOVER, b. 1849; d. 1904.
158. DUKE GEORGE OF CAMBRIDGE 32 was born 1819, and died 1904. He married SARAH (LOUISA) FAIRBROTHER. She died 1890.
Children of GEORGE and SARAH FAIRBROTHER are:
182. i. GEORGE 33 FITZGEORGE, b. 1843; d. 1907.
ii. ADOLPHUS, b. 1846; d. 1922.
iii. AGUSTUS, b. 1847; d. 1933.
159. AUGUSTA CAROLINE was born 1822, and died 1916. She married GRAND DUKE FREDERICK WILLIAM. He was born 1819, and died 1904.
Child of AUGUSTA and FREDERICK is:
183. i. GRAND DUKE ADOLPHUS FREDERICK V 33, b. 1848; d. 1914.
160. MARY ADELAIDE "FAT MARY" was born 1833, and died 1897. She married DUKE OF TECK FRANCIS, son of ALEXANDER and CLAUDINE. He was born 1837, and died 1900.
Children of MARY and FRANCIS are:
184. i. QUEEN MARY OF TECK (MAY) 33, b. May 26, 1867, Kensington, Palace, London, England; d. March 24, 1953, Marlborough Hse, London, England.
185. ii. DUKE OF TECK ADOLPHUS 2ND, b. 1868; d. 1927.
iii. PRINCE FRANCIS, b. 1870; d. 1910.
186. iv. EARL OF ATHLONE ALEXANDER GEORGE OF TECK, b. 1874; d. 1957.
161. DUCHESS AMALIE OF WURTTEMBERG died 1848. She married DUKE JOSEPH OF SAXE- ALTENBURG. He died 1868.
Child of AMALIE and JOSEPH is:
187. i. PRINCESS ELIZABETH ALEXANDRA OF SAXE- 33, b. 1830; d. 1911.
162. MARIA married ARCHDUKE JOSEPH OF AUSTRIA.
Child of MARIA and JOSEPH is:
188. i. ARCHDUCHESS ELISABETH OF AUSTRIA 33 .
163. DUKE ALEXANDER OF WURTTEMBERG was born 1804, and died 1885. He married COUNTESS RHEDEY CLAUDINE. She was born 1814, and died 1841.
Children of ALEXANDER and CLAUDINE are:
i. PRINCESS OF TECK CLAUDINE 33, b. 1836; d. 1894.
189. ii. DUKE OF TECK FRANCIS, b. 1837; d. 1900.
190. iii. PRINCESS OF TECK AMELIE, b. 1838; d. 1893.
164. DUKE WILHELM OF NASSAU married UNKNOWN.
Children of WILHELM and UNKNOWN are:
191. i. GRAND DUKE ADOLPHE OF LUXEMBOURG 33 .
192. ii. SOPHIA, b. July 9, 1836, Biebrich; d. December 30, 1913, Stockholm, Sweden.
165. KING WILLIAM II OF NETHERLANDS was born December 6, 1792 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died March 17, 1849 in Tilburg. He married ANNA PAVLOVNA 1816, daughter of PAUL ROMANOV and MARIA. She was born January 18, 1795 in St. Petersburg, Russia, and died March 1, 1865 in The Hague.
Children of WILLIAM and ANNA are:
193. i. KING WILLIAM III OF NETHERLANDS 33, b. February 19, 1817, Brussels, Belgium; d. November 23, 1890, Het Loo.
ii. ALEXANDER, b. 1818; d. 1848.
iii. HENRY, b. 1820; d. 1879; m. (1)AMALIA, 1853; b. 1830; d. 1872; m. (2)MARY, 1878; b. 1855; d. 1888.
iv. ERNEST, b. 1822; d. 1822.
v. SOPHIE, b. 1824; d. 1897; m. GRAND DUKE CHARLES ALEXANDER OF SAXE-WEIMAR, 1842; b. 1818; d. 1901.
166. PRINCE FREDERIK OF NETHERLANDS was born 1797, and died 1881. He married LOUISA OF PRUSSIA 1825, daughter of FREDERICK and LOUISE. She was born 1808, and died 1870.
Children of FREDERIK and LOUISA are:
194. i. LOUISE 33, b. August 5, 1828, The Hague; d. March 30, 1871, Stockholm, Sweden.
ii. FREDERICK, b. 1833; d. 1834.
iii. WILLIAM, b. 1836; d. 1846.
iv. MARIE, b. 1841; d. 1910; m. PRINCE WILLIAM OF WIED, 1871; b. 1845; d. 1907.
167. PRINCESS LOUISE OF HESSE-CASSEL was born September 7, 1817 in Cassel, and died September 29, 1898 in Bernstorff. She married KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN IX 1842, son of FREDERICK and LOUISE. He was born April 8, 1818 in Gottorp, and died January 29, 1906 in Amalienborg.
More About KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN IX: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children of LOUISE and CHRISTIAN are:
195. i. KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VIII 33, b. June 3, 1843, Copenhagen, Denmark; d. May 14, 1912, Hamburg, Germany.
196. ii. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF DENMARK "ALIX", b. December 1, 1844, Yellow Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark; d. November 20, 1925, Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
197. iii. KING OF GREECE WILLIAM GEORGE I OF THE HELLENES OLDENBURG, b. December 24, 1845, Copenhagen, Denmark; d. March 18, 1913, Salonika.
198. iv. TSARINA DAGMAR "MARIE" OF DENMARK, b. 1847; d. October 1928, Copenhagen, Denmark.
199. v. PRINCESS THYRA OF DENMARK, b. 1853; d. 1933.
vi. VALDEMAR, b. 1858; d. 1939; m. MARIE.
168. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN IX was born April 8, 1818 in Gottorp, and died January 29, 1906 in Amalienborg. He married PRINCESS LOUISE OF HESSE-CASSEL 1842, daughter of WILLIAM and LOUISE. She was born September 7, 1817 in Cassel, and died September 29, 1898 in Bernstorff.
More About KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN IX: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children are listed above under (167) Louise of Hesse-Cassel.
169. EMPEROR WILLIAM I OF GERMANY was born March 22, 1797 in Berlin, Germany, and died March 9, 1888 in Berlin, Germany. He married AUGUSTA OF SAXE-WEIMAR. She was born 1811, and died 1890.
Children of WILLIAM and AUGUSTA are:
i. LOUISE 33, b. 1828; d. 1923; m. GRAND DUKE FREDERICK OF BADEN; b. 1826; d. 1907.
200. ii. GERMAN EMPEROR FREDERICK III, b. October 18, 1831, Neues Palais, Potsdam, Germany; d. June 15, 1888, Neues Palais, Potsdam, Germany.
170. PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF PRUSSIA was born 1798, and died 1860. She married TSAR OF RUSSIA NICHOLAS I ROMANOV 1817, son of PAUL ROMANOV and MARIA. He was born 1796, and died 1855.
Children of CHARLOTTE and NICHOLAS ROMANOV are:
201. i. TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER II NICHOLOEVICH 33 ROMANOV, b. 1818; d. March 13, 1881.
202. ii. GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE NIKOLAIEVITCH OF RUSSIA, b. 1827; d. 1892.
iii. NICHOLAS ROMANOV, b. 1831; d. 1891; m. ALEXANDRA, 1856; b. 1838; d. 1900.
203. iv. MICHAEL ROMANOV, b. 1832; d. 1909.
171. ALEXANDRINE was born 1803, and died 1892. She married GRAND DUKE PAUL FREDERICK 1822. He was born 1800, and died 1842.
Child of ALEXANDRINE and PAUL is:
204. i. GRAND DUKE FREDERICK FRANCIS II OF MECKLENBURG- 33, b. 1823; d. 1883.
172. LOUISA OF PRUSSIA was born 1808, and died 1870. She married PRINCE FREDERIK OF NETHERLANDS 1825, son of WILLIAM and WILHELMINA. He was born 1797, and died 1881.
Children are listed above under (166) Frederik of Netherlands.
Generation No. 33
173. PRINCESS ROYAL VICTORIA ADELAIDE MARY was born November 21, 1840 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died August 5, 1901 in Friedrichshof, Near, Kronberg, Taunus. She married GERMAN EMPEROR FREDERICK III January 25, 1858 in London, England, son of WILLIAM and AUGUSTA. He was born October 18, 1831 in Neues Palais, Potsdam, Germany, and died June 15, 1888 in Neues Palais, Potsdam, Germany.
More About PRINCESS ROYAL VICTORIA ADELAIDE MARY: Burial: Friedenskirche, Potsdam Christening: February 10, 1841, Throne Room, Buckingham Palac, England
More About GERMAN EMPEROR FREDERICK III: Burial: Friedenskirche, Potsdam, Germany
Children of VICTORIA and FREDERICK are:
205. i. GERMAN EMPEROR WILLIAM II 34, b. January 27, 1859, Berlin, Germany; d. June 4, 1941, Haus Doorn, Netherlands.
ii. DUCHESS CHARLOTTE OF SAXE- MEININGEN, b. 1860; d. 1919; m. BERNARD OF SAXE- MEININGEN; b. 1851; d. 1928.
206. iii. PRINCE HENRY OF PRUSSIA, b. 1862; d. 1929.
iv. SIGISMUND, b. 1864; d. 1866.
v. PRINCESS VICTORIA, b. 1866; d. 1929; m. (1)ADOLPHUS OF SCHAUMBURG- LIPPE; b. 1859; d. 1916; m. (2)ALEXANDER ZOUBKOFF.
vi. WALDEMAR, b. 1868; d. 1879.
207. vii. QUEEN OF GREECE SOPHIE OF PRUSSIA, b. June 14, 1870, Potsdam, Germany; d. January 13, 1932, Frankfurt, Germany.
viii. PRINCESS MARGARETE OF HESSE, b. 1872; d. 1954; m. FREDERICK CHARLES OF HESSE; b. 1868; d. 1940.
174. EDWARD VII, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, (1901-1910) 33 WETTIN was born November 9, 1841 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died May 6, 1910 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England. He married PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF DENMARK "ALIX" March 10, 1863 in St. George Chap., Windsor, England, daughter of CHRISTIAN and LOUISE. She was born December 1, 1844 in Yellow Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark, and died November 20, 1925 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
More About KING OF ENGLAND EDWARD VII WETTIN: Burial: May 20, 1910, Windsor, Berkshire, England
More About PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF DENMARK "ALIX": Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, Berkshire, England
Children of EDWARD WETTIN and ALEXANDRA are:
i. DUKE ALBERT VICTOR CHRISTIAN 34, b. January 8, 1864, Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. January 14, 1892, Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
More About DUKE ALBERT VICTOR CHRISTIAN: Burial: January 20, 1892, Windsor, Berkshire, England
208. ii. GEORGE V, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1910 -1936) WINDSOR, b. June 3, 1865, Marlborough Hse, London, England; d. January 20, 1936, Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
209. iii. PRINCESS ROYAL LOUISE VICTORIA ALEXANDRA, b. February 20, 1867, Marlborough, House, London, England; d. January 4, 1931, Portman Square, London, England.
iv. VICTORIA ALEXANDRA OLGA, b. July 6, 1868, Marlborough, House, London, England; d. December 3, 1935, Coppins, Iver, Bucks, England.
210. v. PRINCESS MAUDE CHARLOTTE MARY, b. November 26, 1869, Marlborough, House, London, England; d. November 20, 1938, London, England.
vi. JOHN ALEXANDER, b. April 6, 1871; d. April 7, 1871.
175. PRINCESS ALICE MAUD MARY was born April 25, 1843 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died December 14, 1878 in Darmstadt, Germany. She married GRAND DUKE LOUIS IV OF HESSE July 1, 1862 in Osborne House, Isle of Wight, son of CHARLES and ELIZABETH. He was born 1837, and died 1892.
Children of ALICE and LOUIS are:
211. i. PRINCESS VICTORIA ALBERTA OF HESSE 34, b. 1863; d. 1950.
ii. GRAND DUCHESS ELIZABETH "ELLA", b. 1864; d. July 17, 1918, Alapayevsk, Ural Mts., Russia; m. GRAND DUKE SERGE ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, 1884; b. 1857; d. February 1905.
212. iii. PRINCESS IRENE OF HESSE, b. 1866; d. 1953.
213. iv. GRAND DUKE ERNEST LOUIS OF HESSE, b. 1868; d. 1937.
v. FREDERICK, b. 1870; d. 1873.
214. vi. TSARINA ALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA "ALIX", b. June 6, 1872, Darmstadt, Germany; d. July 16, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
vii. MARY "MAY", b. 1874; d. 1878, Hesse-Darmstadt, Palace, Germany.
176. PRINCE ALFRED ERNEST ALBERT was born August 6, 1844 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, and died July 30, 1900 in Schloss Rosenau, Near Coburg. He married GRAND DUCHESS MARIE ALEXANDROVNA January 23, 1874 in Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia, daughter of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and MARIE. She was born October 17, 1853 in St. Petersburg, Russia, and died October 25, 1920 in Zurich, Switzerland.
Children of ALFRED and MARIE are:
i. PRINCE ALFRED 34, b. 1874; d. 1899.
215. ii. QUEEN OF ROMANIA MARIE OF SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA, b. October 29, 1875, Eastwell Park, Kent, England; d. July 10, 1938, Castle Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania.
216. iii. GRAND DUCHESS VICTORIA MELITA OF EDINBURGH, b. 1876, Malta; d. 1936.
iv. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA, b. 1878; d. 1942; m. PRINCE ERNEST OF HOHENLOHE- LANGENBURG.
v. PRINCESS BEATRICE, b. 1884; d. 1966; m. INFANTE OF SPAIN ALFONSO.
177. PRINCESS HELENA AUGUSTA VICTORIA was born May 25, 1846 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died June 9, 1923 in Schomberg House, Pall Mall, London, England. She married PRINCE (FREDERICK) CHRISTIAN CHARLES July 5, 1866 in Windsor Castle, England. He was born 1831, and died 1917.
Children of HELENA and (FREDERICK) are:
i. CHRISTIAN VICTOR 34, b. 1867; d. 1900.
ii. DUKE ALBERT OF SCHLESWIG- HOLSTEIN, b. 1869; d. 1931.
iii. PRINCESS HELENA VICTORIA, b. 1870; d. 1948.
iv. PRINCESS MARIE LOUISE, b. 1872; d. 1956; m. ARIBERT OF ANHALT; b. 1864; d. 1933.
v. FREDERICK HAROLD, b. May 12, 1876; d. May 20, 1876.
178. PRINCE ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK was born May 1, 1850 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died January 16, 1942 in Bagshot Park, Surrey. He married DUCHESS LOUISE MARGARET OF PRUSSIA March 13, 1879 in St. George Chap., Windsor, England, daughter of FREDERICK and MARIA. She was born June 25, 1860 in Potsdam, and died March 14, 1917 in Clarence House, London, England.
More About DUCHESS LOUISE MARGARET OF PRUSSIA: Burial: Frogmore, England
Children of ARTHUR and LOUISE are:
217. i. CROWN PRINCESS MARGARET OF SWEDEN 34, b. January 15, 1882, Bagshot Park; d. May 1, 1920, Stockholm, Sweden.
218. ii. DUKE ARTHUR OF CONNAUGHT, b. 1883; d. 1938.
219. iii. LADY RAMSAY PATRICIA, b. 1886; d. 1974.
179. PRINCE LEOPOLD GEORGE DUNCAN was born April 7, 1853 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died March 28, 1884 in Cannes. He married PRINCESS HELENA FREDERICA OF WALDECK April 27, 1882 in St. George Chap., Windsor, England, daughter of GEORGE and HELENE. She was born February 17, 1861 in Arolsen, and died September 1, 1922 in Tyrol.
Children of LEOPOLD and HELENA are:
220. i. PRINCESS ALICE OF ATHLONE 34, b. 1883; d. January 1981.
ii. DUKE CHARLES EDWARD, b. 1884; d. 1954; m. PRINCESS VICTORIA OF SCHLESWIG- HOLSTEIN.
180. PRINCESS BEATRICE MARY VICTORIA was born April 14, 1857 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died October 26, 1944 in Bantridge Park, Balcombe, Sussex, England. She married PRINCE HENRY MAURICE OF BATTENBERG July 23, 1885 in Whippingham, Isle of Wight, son of ALEXANDER and JULIA VON HAUKE. He was born 1858, and died 1896.
Children of BEATRICE and HENRY are:
221. i. MARQUESS ALEXANDER OF CARISBROOKE 34, b. 1886; d. February 23, 1960.
222. ii. QUEEN OF SPAIN VICTORIA EUGENIE "ENA", b. 1887; d. 1969, Lausanne.
iii. LEOPOLD, b. 1889; d. 1922.
iv. PRINCE MAURICE, b. 1891; d. 1914.
181. DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF CUMBERLAND 33 HANOVER was born 1845, and died 1923. He married PRINCESS THYRA OF DENMARK, daughter of CHRISTIAN and LOUISE. She was born 1853, and died 1933.
Children of ERNEST HANOVER and THYRA are:
i. MARIE LOUISE 34 HANOVER, b. 1879; d. 1948; m. PRINCE MAX OF BADEN.
ii. GEORGE WILLIAM HANOVER, b. 1880; d. 1912.
iii. ALEXANDRA HANOVER, b. 1882; d. 1963; m. GRAND DUKE FREDERICK FRANCIS IV OF MECKLENBURG.
iv. OLGA HANOVER, b. 1884; d. 1958.
v. CHRISTIAN HANOVER, b. 1885; d. 1901.
223. vi. DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF BRUNSWICK HANOVER, b. 1887; d. 1953.
182. GEORGE 33 FITZGEORGE was born 1843, and died 1907. He married ROSA BARING.
Children of GEORGE FITZGEORGE and ROSA BARING are:
i. SON 1 34 .
iii. DAU. 2.
183. GRAND DUKE ADOLPHUS FREDERICK V was born 1848, and died 1914. He married PRINCESS ELISABETH OF ANHALT. She was born 1857, and died 1933.
Children of ADOLPHUS and ELISABETH are:
i. SON 1 34 .
iv. DAU. 2.
184. QUEEN MARY OF TECK (MAY) was born May 26, 1867 in Kensington, Palace, London, England, and died March 24, 1953 in Marlborough Hse, London, England. She married KING OF ENGLAND GEORGE V WINDSOR July 6, 1893 in Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, son of EDWARD WETTIN and ALEXANDRA. He was born June 3, 1865 in Marlborough Hse, London, England, and died January 20, 1936 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
More About QUEEN MARY OF TECK (MAY): Burial: March 31, 1953, St. George's, Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
More About KING OF ENGLAND GEORGE V WINDSOR: Burial: January 28, 1936, Windsor Castle, St. George Chap., Berkshire, England
Christening: July 7, 1865
Children of MARY and GEORGE WINDSOR are:
i. DUKE OF WINDSOR EDWARD VIII, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1936) 34 WINDSOR, b. June 23, 1894, White Lodge, Richmond Park, Surrey, England; d. May 28, 1972, Paris, France; m. BESSIE WALLIS WARFIELD, June 3, 1937, Chateau de Cande, Monts, France; b. 1896,,,,U.S.A.; d. April 24, 1986, Paris, France.
More About DUKE OF WINDSOR EDWARD VIII WINDSOR: Abdicated December 11, 1936. Died in Paris, France; Burial: Frogmore, Windsor, Berkshire, England
More About BESSIE WALLIS WARFIELD: Burial: Frogmore, Windsor, Berkshire, England
224. ii. GEORGE VI, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1936-1952) WINDSOR, b. December 14, 1895, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England; d. February 6, 1952, Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
225. iii. PRINCESS ROYAL MARY WINDSOR, b. April 25, 1897, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England; d. March 28, 1965, Harewood House, Yorkshire, England.
226. iv. DUKE HENRY WILLIAM FREDERICK WINDSOR, b. March 31, 1900, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England; d. 1974.
227. v. DUKE OF KENT GEORGE EDWARD ALEXANDER WINDSOR, b. December 20, 1902, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England; d. August 25, 1942, Morven, Scotland.
vi. PRINCE JOHN CHARLES FRANCIS WINDSOR, b. July 12, 1905, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England; d. January 18, 1919, Wood Farm, Wolferton, Norfolk, England.
More About PRINCE JOHN CHARLES FRANCIS WINDSOR: Burial: Sandringham, Norfolk, England
185. DUKE OF TECK ADOLPHUS 2ND was born 1868, and died 1927. He married LADY MARGARET GROSVENOR. She was born 1873, and died 1929.
Children of ADOLPHUS and MARGARET GROSVENOR are:
i. SON 2 34 .
ii. MARQUESS GEORGE OF CAMBRIDGE, b. 1895; m. DOROTHY HASTINGS; b. 1899.
iii. LADY MARY, b. 1897; m. DUKE OF BEAUFORT <UNNAMED>; b. 1900.
iv. LADY HELENA, b. 1899; d. 1969; m. COL. J. E. GIBBS; b. 1879; d. 1932.
186. EARL OF ATHLONE ALEXANDER GEORGE OF TECK was born 1874, and died 1957. He married PRINCESS ALICE OF ATHLONE, daughter of LEOPOLD and HELENA. She was born 1883, and died January 1981.
Children of ALEXANDER and ALICE are:
i. VICOUNT TREMATON RUPERT 34, d. 1928.
ii. SON 2.
iii. LADY MAY CAMBRIDGE, b. 1906; m. COL. SIR HENRY ABEL SMITH; b. 1900.
187. PRINCESS ELIZABETH ALEXANDRA OF SAXE- was born 1830, and died 1911. She married GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE NIKOLAIEVITCH OF RUSSIA 1848, son of NICHOLAS ROMANOV and CHARLOTTE. He was born 1827, and died 1892.
Children of ELIZABETH and CONSTANTINE are:
228. i. NICHOLAS 34 ROMANOV, b. 1850; d. 1918.
229. ii. PRINCESS OLGA CONSTANTINOVNA, b. 1851; d. 1926.
230. iii. CONSTANTINE ROMANOV, b. 1858; d. 1915.
iv. DIMITRI ROMANOV, b. 1860; d. 1919.
188. ARCHDUCHESS ELISABETH OF AUSTRIA married ARCHDUKE FERDINAND OF AUSTRIA-ESTE.
Child of ELISABETH and FERDINAND is:
231. i. MARIA THERESA 34, b. July 2, 1849, Brunn; d. February 3, 1919, Schloss, Wildenwart.
189. DUKE OF TECK FRANCIS was born 1837, and died 1900. He married MARY ADELAIDE "FAT MARY", daughter of ADOLPHUS HANOVER and AUGUSTA. She was born 1833, and died 1897.
Children are listed above under (160) Mary Adelaide "Fat Mary".
190. PRINCESS OF TECK AMELIE was born 1838, and died 1893. She married BARON PAUL VON HUGEL. He was born 1835, and died 1897.
Child of AMELIE and PAUL VON HUGEL is:
i. COUNT PAUL 34 VON HUGEL, b. 1872; d. 1912.
191. GRAND DUKE ADOLPHE OF LUXEMBOURG married UNKNOWN.
Child of ADOLPHE and UNKNOWN is:
232. i. GRAND DUKE GUILLAUME IV OF LUXEMBOURG 34 .
192. SOPHIA was born July 9, 1836 in Biebrich, and died December 30, 1913 in Stockholm, Sweden. She married KING OF SWEDEN OSCAR II June 6, 1857 in Biebrich, son of OSCAR and JOSEPHINE DE BEAUHARNAIS. He was born January 21, 1829 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died December 8, 1907 in Stockholm, Sweden.
More About KING OF SWEDEN OSCAR II: Burial: Stockholm, Sweden
Children of SOPHIA and OSCAR are:
233. i. KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV V 34, b. June 16, 1858, Drottningholm, Near Stockholm, Sweden; d. October 29, 1950, Drottningholm, Near Stockholm, Sweden.
234. ii. COUNT OF WISBORG OSCAR, b. 1859; d. 1953.
235. iii. PRINCE CHARLES OF SWEDEN, b. 1861; d. 1951.
iv. DUKE OF NARKE EUGENE, b. 1865; d. 1947.
193. KING WILLIAM III OF NETHERLANDS was born February 19, 1817 in Brussels, Belgium, and died November 23, 1890 in Het Loo. He married (1) SOPHIE WURTTEMBERG June 18, 1839 in Stuttgart, daughter of WILLIAM WURTTEMBERG and CATHERINE. She was born June 17, 1818 in Stuttgart, and died June 3, 1877 in Het Loo, Apeldoorn. He married (2)QUEEN REGENT EMMA OF NETHERLANDS January 7, 1879 in Arolsen, daughter of GEORGE and HELENE. She was born August 2, 1858 in Arolsen, and died March 20, 1934 in The Hague.
Children of WILLIAM and SOPHIE WURTTEMBERG are:
i. WILLIAM 34, b. 1840; d. 1879.
ii. MAURICE, b. 1843; d. 1850.
iii. ALEXANDER, b. 1851; d. 1884.
Child of WILLIAM and EMMA is:
236. iv. QUEEN WILHELMINA OF NETHERLANDS 34, b. August 31, 1880, The Hague, Netherlands; d. November 28, 1962, Het Loo.
194. LOUISE was born August 5, 1828 in The Hague, and died March 30, 1871 in Stockholm, Sweden. She married KING OF SWEDEN CHARLES XV 1850, son of OSCAR and JOSEPHINE DE BEAUHARNAIS. He was born May 3, 1826 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died August 19, 1872 in Malmo.
More About LOUISE: Burial: Stockholm, Sweden
More About KING OF SWEDEN CHARLES XV: Burial: Stockholm, Sweden
Child of LOUISE and CHARLES is:
237. i. LOUISE OF SWEDEN 34, b. October 31, 1851, Stockholm, Sweden; d. March 20, 1926, Amalienborg.
195. KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VIII was born June 3, 1843 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died May 14, 1912 in Hamburg, Germany. He married LOUISE OF SWEDEN, daughter of CHARLES and LOUISE. She was born October 31, 1851 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died March 20, 1926 in Amalienborg.
More About KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VIII: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children of FREDERICK and LOUISE are:
238. i. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN X 34, b. September 26, 1870, Charlottenlund, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark; d. April 20, 1947, Amalienborg.
239. ii. KING OF NORWAY CHARLES HAAKON VII, b. 1872, Charlottenlund, Denmark; d. 1957.
iii. LOUISE, b. 1875; d. 1906; m. PRINCE FREDERICK OF SCHAUMBURG -LIPPE, 1896; b. 1868; d. 1945.
240. iv. HAROLD, b. 1876; d. 1949.
241. v. INGEBORG OF DENMARK, b. 1878; d. 1958.
vi. THYRA, b. 1880; d. 1945.
vii. GUSTAV, b. 1887; d. 1944.
viii. DAGMAR, b. 1890; d. 1961; m. JORGEN CASTENSKIOLD, 1922; b. 1893.
196. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF DENMARK "ALIX" was born December 1, 1844 in Yellow Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark, and died November 20, 1925 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England. She married KING OF ENGLAND EDWARD VII WETTIN March 10, 1863 in St. George Chap., Windsor, England, son of ALBERT and VICTORIA HANOVER. He was born November 9, 1841 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died May 6, 1910 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England.
More About PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF DENMARK "ALIX": Burial: St. George Chap., Windsor, Berkshire, England
More About KING OF ENGLAND EDWARD VII WETTIN: Burial: May 20, 1910, Windsor, Berkshire, England
Children are listed above under (174) Edward VII Wettin.
197. KING OF GREECE WILLIAM GEORGE I OF THE HELLENES 33 OLDENBURG was born December 24, 1845 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died March 18, 1913 in Salonika. He married PRINCESS OLGA CONSTANTINOVNA 1867, daughter of CONSTANTINE and ELIZABETH. She was born 1851, and died 1926.
More About KING OF GREECE WILLIAM GEORGE I OF THE HELLENES OLDENBURG: Burial: Tatoi
More About PRINCESS OLGA CONSTANTINOVNA: Burial: November 1936, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
Children of WILLIAM OLDENBURG and OLGA are:
i. OLGA 34 .
242. ii. KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE I OLDENBURG, b. August 2, 1868, Athens, Greece; d. January 11, 1923, Palermo, Italy.
243. iii. GEORGE OLDENBURG, b. 1869; d. 1957.
244. iv. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF GREECE, b. 1870; d. 1891.
245. v. PRINCE NICHOLAS OF GREECE, b. 1872; d. 1938.
vi. MARY, b. 1876; d. 1940; m. (1)GEORGE ROMANOV, 1900; b. 1863; d. 1919; m. (2)PERIKLES JOANNIDES, 1922; b. 1881; d. 1965.
246. vii. PRINCE ANDREW OF GREECE, b. 1882; d. 1944.
247. viii. CHRISTOPHER OLDENBURG, b. 1888; d. 1940.
198. TSARINA DAGMAR "MARIE" OF DENMARK 33 was born 1847, and died October 1928 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She married TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER III ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV 1866, son of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and MARIE. He was born 1845, and died November 1, 1894 in Livadia, Crimea, Near Yalta, Russia.
More About TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER III ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV: Burial: November 19, 1894, Cathedral of the, Fortress of P&P, St. Petersburg, Russia
Children of DAGMAR and ALEXANDER ROMANOV are:
248. i. TSAR OF RUSSIA NICHOLAS II ALEXANDROVICH 34 ROMANOV, b. May 18, 1868, Tsarskoye Selo, Pushkin, Russia; d. July 16, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
ii. ALEXANDER ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1869; d. 1870.
iii. GRAND DUKE GEORGE ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1871; d. July 1899, Abbas Tuman, Caucasus, Russia.
More About GRAND DUKE GEORGE ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV: Burial: Peter and Paul, Cathedral, Russia
249. iv. GRAND DUCHESS XENIA ROMANOV, b. 1875; d. April 20, 1960, London, England.
250. v. GRAND DUKE MICHAEL "MISCHA" ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1878; d. July 10, 1918, Perm, Russia.
251. vi. GRAND DUCHESS OLGA ALEXANDROVNA ROMANOV, b. June 1, 1882; d. November 24, 1960, East Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
199. PRINCESS THYRA OF DENMARK 33 was born 1853, and died 1933. She married DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF CUMBERLAND HANOVER, son of GEORGE HANOVER and MARY. He was born 1845, and died 1923.
Children are listed above under (181) Ernest Augustus of Cumberland Hanover.
200. GERMAN EMPEROR FREDERICK III was born October 18, 1831 in Neues Palais, Potsdam, Germany, and died June 15, 1888 in Neues Palais, Potsdam, Germany. He married PRINCESS ROYAL VICTORIA ADELAIDE MARY January 25, 1858 in London, England, daughter of ALBERT and VICTORIA HANOVER. She was born November 21, 1840 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, and died August 5, 1901 in Friedrichshof, Near, Kronberg, Taunus
More About GERMAN EMPEROR FREDERICK III: Burial: Friedenskirche, Potsdam, Germany
More About PRINCESS ROYAL VICTORIA ADELAIDE MARY: Burial: Friedenskirche, Potsdam. Christening: February 10, 1841, Throne Room, Buckingham Palac, England
Children are listed above under (173) Victoria Adelaide Mary.
201. TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER II NICHOLOEVICH 33 ROMANOV was born 1818, and died March 13, 1881. He married (1) PRINCESS CATHERINE YOURIEVSKA. She was born 1847, and died 1922. He married (2) MARIE OF HESSE- DARMSTADT 1840, daughter of LOUIS and WILHELMINA. She was born 1824, and died 1880.
Children of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and CATHERINE YOURIEVSKA are:
252. i. GEORGE 34 ROMANOV, b. 1872; d. 1913.
253. ii. OLGA ROMANOV, b. 1874; d. 1925.
254. iii. CATHERINE ROMANOV, b. 1878; d. 1959.
Children of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and MARIE are:
iv. ALEXANDRA ALEXANDROVNA 34 ROMANOV, b. 1842; d. 1849.
v. NICHOLAS ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1843; d. 1865.
255. vi. TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER III ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1845; d. November 1, 1894, Livadia, Crimea, Near Yalta, Russia.
256. vii. GRAND DUKE VLADIMIR ROMANOV, b. 1847; d. 1909.
viii. GRAND DUKE ALEXIS ROMANOV, b. 1850; d. 1908.
257. ix. GRAND DUCHESS MARIE ALEXANDROVNA, b. October 17, 1853, St. Petersburg, Russia; d. October 25, 1920, Zurich, Switzerland.
x. GRAND DUKE SERGE ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1857; d. February 1905; m. GRAND DUCHESS ELIZABETH "ELLA", 1884; b. 1864; d. July 17, 1918, Alapayevsk, Ural Mts., Russia.
258. xi. GRAND DUKE PAUL ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1860; d. January 1919, Fortress of, Peter and Paul, Russia.
202. GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE NIKOLAIEVITCH OF RUSSIA was born 1827, and died 1892. He married PRINCESS ELIZABETH ALEXANDRA OF SAXE- 1848, daughter of JOSEPH and AMALIE. She was born 1830, and died 1911.
Children are listed above under (187) Elizabeth Alexandra of Saxe-.
203. MICHAEL 33 ROMANOV was born 1832, and died 1909. He married CECILY (OLGA) 1857. She was born 1839, and died 1891.
Children of MICHAEL ROMANOV and CECILY are:
i. NICHOLAS 34 ROMANOV, b. 1859; d. 1919.
ii. MICHAEL ROMANOV, b. 1861; d. 1929; m. SOPHIA OF NASSAU, 1891; b. 1868; d. 1927.
iii. GEORGE ROMANOV, b. 1863; d. 1919; m. MARY, 1900; b. 1876; d. 1940.
259. iv. GRAND DUKE ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH (SANDRO) ROMANOV, b. 1866; d. 1933.
v. SERGIUS ROMANOV, b. 1869; d. 1918.
204. GRAND DUKE FREDERICK FRANCIS II OF MECKLENBURG- was born 1823, and died 1883. He married MARIE OF SCHWARZBURG- RUDOLSTADT 1868, daughter of ADOLPH and MATILDA.
Child of FREDERICK and MARIE is:
260. i. DUKE HENRY OF MECKLENBURG 34, b. April 19, 1876, Schwerin; d. July 3, 1934, The Hague, Netherlands.
Generation No. 34
205. GERMAN EMPEROR WILLIAM II was born January 27, 1859 in Berlin, Germany, and died June 4, 1941 in Haus Doorn, Netherlands. He married (1) AUGUSTA OF SCHLESWIG- HOLSTEIN-. She was born October 22, 1858 in Dolzig, and died April 11, 1921 in Haus Doorn, Netherlands. He married (2) PRINCESS HERMINE OF REUSS November5, 1922 in Haus Doorn, Netherlands. She was born December 17, 1887 in Greiz, and died August 7, 1947 in Frankfurt an der, Oder.
Children of WILLIAM and AUGUSTA are:
261. i. CROWN PRINCE WILLIAM 35, b. 1882.
ii. EITEL FREDERICK, b. 1883; m. SOPHIE CHARLOTTE; b. 1879; d. 1964.
iii. ADALBERT, b. 1884; d. 1948; m. ADELHEID OF SAXE- MEININGEN; b. 1891; d. 1971.
iv. AUGUSTUS WILLIAM, b. 1887; d. 1949; m. ALEXANDRA OF SCHLESWIG-; b. 1887; d. 1957.
v. OSCAR, b. 1888; d. 1958; m. INA MARIA VON BASSEWITZ; b. 1888; d. 1973.
vi. JOACHIM, b. 1890; d. 1920; m. MARIE AUGUSTE OF ANHALT; b. 1898; d. 1983.
262. vii. VICTORIA LOUISE OF PRUSSIA, b. 1892; d. 1980.
206. PRINCE HENRY OF PRUSSIA was born 1862, and died 1929. He married PRINCESS IRENE OF HESSE 1888, daughter of LOUIS and ALICE. She was born 1866, and died 1953.
Children of HENRY and IRENE are:
i. CHILD #3 35 .
ii. WALDEMAR, b. 1889; d. 1945.
iii. HENRY, b. 1900; d. 1904.
207. QUEEN OF GREECE SOPHIE OF PRUSSIA was born June 14, 1870 in Potsdam, Germany, and died January 13, 1932 in Frankfurt, Germany. She married KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE I OLDENBURG October 27, 1889 in Athens, Greece, son of WILLIAM OLDENBURG and OLGA. He was born August 2, 1868 in Athens, Greece, and died January 11, 1923 in Palermo, Italy.
More About QUEEN OF GREECE SOPHIE OF PRUSSIA: Burial: November 1936, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
More About KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE I OLDENBURG: Burial: November 1936, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
Children of SOPHIE and CONSTANTINE OLDENBURG are:
i. CHILD 5 35 .
ii. KING OF GREECE GEORGE II OLDENBURG, b. July 19, 1890, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece; d. April 1, 1947, Athens, Greece; m. PRINCESS ELIZABETH OF ROMANIA HOHENZOLLERN, February 27, 1921, Bucharest, Romania; b. October 12, 1894, Pelesch; d. November 14, 1956, Cannes, France.
More About KING OF GREECE GEORGE II OLDENBURG:
Burial: Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
263. iii. KING OF GREECE ALEXANDER I OLDENBURG, b. August 1, 1893, Tatoi; d. October 25, 1920, Athens, Greece.
264. iv. PRINCESS HELEN OF GREECE, b. May 2, 1896, Athens, Greece; d. November 28, 1982, Lausanne, Switzerland.
265. v. KING OF GREECE PAUL I OLDENBURG, b. December 14, 1901, Athens, Greece; d. March 6, 1964, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece.
vi. CHILD 6, b. 1913.
208. GEORGE V, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1910-1936) 34 WINDSOR was born June 3, 1865 in Marlborough Hse, London, England, and died January 20, 1936 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England. He married QUEEN MARY OF TECK (MAY) July 6, 1893 in Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, daughter of FRANCIS and MARY. She was born May 26, 1867 in Kensington, Palace, London, England, and died March 24, 1953 in Marlborough Hse, London, England.
More About GEORGE V WINDSOR: Burial: January 28, 1936, Windsor Castle, St. George Chap., Berkshire, England; Christening: July 7, 1865
More About QUEEN MARY OF TECK (MAY): Burial: March 31, 1953, St. George's, Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
Children are listed above under (184) Mary of Teck (May).
209. PRINCESS ROYAL LOUISE VICTORIA ALEXANDRA was born February 20, 1867 in Marlborough, House, London, England, and died January 4, 1931 in Portman Square, London, England. She married DUKE OF FIFE ALEXANDER DUFF July 27, 1889 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England. He was born 1849, and died 1912.
Children of LOUISE and ALEXANDER DUFF are:
266. i. DUCHESS OF FIFE ALEXANDRA 35, b. 1891; d. February 26, 1959.
267. ii. LADY MAUD CARNEGIE, b. 1893; d. 1945.
210. PRINCESS MAUDE CHARLOTTE MARY was born November 26, 1869 in Marlborough, House, London, England, and died November 20, 1938 in London, England. She married KING OF NORWAY CHARLES HAAKON VII July 22, 1896 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, son of FREDERICK and LOUISE. He was born 1872 in Charlottenlund, Denmark, and died 1957.
Child of MAUDE and CHARLES is:
268. i. KING OF NORWAY OLAV V 35, b. July 2, 1903, Appleton House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England; d. January 17, 1991, Norway.
211. PRINCESS VICTORIA ALBERTA OF HESSE was born 1863, and died 1950. She married PRINCE LOUIS OF BATTENBERG 1884, son of ALEXANDER and JULIA VON HAUKE. He was born 1854, and died 1921.
Children of VICTORIA and LOUIS are:
269. i. PRINCESS ALICE OF BATTENBERG 35, b. 1885; d. Abt. 1969, Buckingham, Palace, London, England.
ii. PRINCESS LOUISE ALEXANDRA MOUNTBATTEN, b. July 13, 1889, Schloss, Heiligenberg; d. March 7, 1965, Stockholm, Sweden; m. KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF, November 3, 1923, Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, England; b. November 11, 1882, Stockholm, Sweden; d. September 15, 1973, Helsingborg.
More About KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF: Burial: Royal Cemetery, Haga Castle Park
270. iii. MARQUESS GEORGE MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1892; d. 1938.
271. iv. EARL MOUNTBATTEN LOUIS OF BURMA MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1900, Windsor, Berkshire, England; d. August 27, 1979, Donegal Bay, County Sligo, Ireland.
212. PRINCESS IRENE OF HESSE was born 1866, and died 1953. She married PRINCE HENRY OF PRUSSIA 1888, son of FREDERICK and VICTORIA. He was born 1862, and died 1929.
Children are listed above under (206) Henry of Prussia.
213. GRAND DUKE ERNEST LOUIS OF HESSE was born 1868, and died 1937. He married (1) GRAND DUCHESS VICTORIA MELITA OF EDINBURGH 1894, daughter of ALFRED and MARIE. She was born 1876 in Malta, and died 1936. He married (2) PRINCESS ELEONORE OF SOLMS- HOHENSOLMS-LICH 1905. She was born 1871, and died 1937.
Children of ERNEST and ELEONORE are:
272. i. GRAND DUKE GEORGE DONATUS OF HESSE 35, b. 1906; d. 1937.
ii. LOUIS, b. 1908; d. 1968; m. HON. MARGARET CAMPBELL-GEDDES, 1937; b. 1913.
214. TSARINA ALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA "ALIX" was born June 6, 1872 in Darmstadt, Germany, and died July 17, 1918 in Ekaterinburg, Russia. She married TSAR OF RUSSIA NICHOLAS II ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV November 26, 1894 in Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia, son of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and DAGMAR. He was born May 18, 1868 in Tsarskoye Selo, Pushkin, Russia, and died July 17, 1918 in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Children of ALEXANDRA and NICHOLAS ROMANOV are:
i. GRAND DUCHESS OLGA NICHOLOVNA 35 ROMANOV, b. November 1895, Alexander Palace, Tsarskoe Selo, Russia; d. July 17, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
ii. GRAND DUCHESS TATIANA NICHOLOVNA, b. June 1897; d. July 17, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
iii. GRAND DUCHESS MARIA NICHOLOVNA ROMANOV, b. May 1899; d. July 17, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
iv. GRAND DUCHESS ANASTASIA NICHOLOVNA ROMANOV, b. June 1901; d. July 17, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
v. TSAREVICH ALEXIS NICOLAIEVICH ROMANOV, b. August 12, 1904, Peterhof, Near, St. Petersburg, Russia; d. July 17, 1918, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
215. QUEEN OF ROMANIA MARIE OF SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA was born October 29, 1875 in Eastwell Park, Kent, England, and died July 10, 1938 in Castle Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania. She married KING OF ROMANIA FERDINAND I OF HOHENZOLLERN- HOHENZOLLERN January 10, 1893 in Sigmaringen, Germany, son of LEOPOLD HOHENZOLLERN and ANTONIA. He was born August 24, 1865 in Sigmaringen, Germany, and died July 20, 1927 in Sinaia, Romania.
Children of MARIE and FERDINAND HOHENZOLLERN are:
273. i. KING OF ROMANIA CAROL II 35 HOHENZOLLERN, b. October 15, 1893, Castle Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania; d. April 4, 1953, Villa Mar y Sol, Estoril, Portugal.
ii. PRINCESS ELIZABETH OF ROMANIA HOHENZOLLERN, b. October 12, 1894, Pelesch; d. November 14, 1956, Cannes, France; m. KING OF GREECE GEORGE II OLDENBURG, February 27, 1921, Bucharest, Romania; b. July 19, 1890, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece; d. April 1, 1947, Athens, Greece.
More About KING OF GREECE GEORGE II OLDENBURG: Burial: Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
274. iii. MARIE (MIGNON) HOHENZOLLERN, b. 1900; d. 1961.
iv. NICHOLAS HOHENZOLLERN, b. 1903; d. 1978.
v. ILEANA HOHENZOLLERN, b. 1909.
vi. MIRCEA HOHENZOLLERN, b. 1913; d. November 2, 1916.
More About MIRCEA HOHENZOLLERN: Burial: Cotroceni Palace, Bucharest, Romania
216. GRAND DUCHESS VICTORIA MELITA OF EDINBURGH was born 1876 in Malta, and died 1936. She married (1) GRAND DUKE ERNEST LOUIS OF HESSE 1894, son of LOUIS and ALICE. He was born 1868, and died 1937. She married (2) GRAND DUKE CYRIL VLADIMIROVITCH ROMANOV 1905 in Tegernsee, Bavaria, son of VLADIMIR ROMANOV and MARIE PAVLOVNA. He was born 1876, and died 1938.
Children of VICTORIA and CYRIL ROMANOV are:
275. i. GRAND DUCHESS MARIA OF RUSSIA 35, b. 1907; d. 1951.
276. ii. GRAND DUCHESS KIRA OF RUSSIA, b. 1909; d. 1967.
277. iii. GRAND DUKE VLADIMIR CYRILOVITCH ROMANOV, b. August 30, 1917, Near Borga, Finland, Finland.
217. CROWN PRINCESS MARGARET OF SWEDEN was born January 15, 1882 in Bagshot Park, and died May 1, 1920 in Stockholm, Sweden. She married KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF June 15, 1905 in Windsor, England, son of GUSTAV and VICTORIA. He was born November 11, 1882 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died September 15, 1973 in Helsingborg.
More About KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF: Burial: Royal Cemetery, Haga Castle Park
Children of MARGARET and GUSTAV are:
278. i. PRINCE GUSTAV ADOLF 35, b. 1906; d. 1947.
279. ii. COUNT OF WISBORG SIGVARD OSCAR FREDRIK, b. June 7, 1907.
280. iii. PRINCESS INGRID VICTORIA OF SWEDEN, b. March 28, 1910, Stockholm.
iv. PRINCE OF SWEDEN BERTIL GUSTAF OSCAR, b. February 28, 1912; m. PRINCESS LILIAN MAY OF SWEDEN DAVIES, December 7, 1976; b. August 30, 1915.
281. v. COUNT OF WISBORG CARL JOHAN ARTHUR, b. October 31, 1916.
218. DUKE ARTHUR OF CONNAUGHT was born 1883, and died 1938. He married DUCHESS OF FIFE ALEXANDRA, daughter of ALEXANDER DUFF and LOUISE. She was born 1891, and died February 26, 1959.
More About DUCHESS OF FIFE ALEXANDRA: Burial: Mar Lodge, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, England
Child of ARTHUR and ALEXANDRA is:
i. DUKE ALISTAIR ARTHUR OF CONNAUGHT 2ND 35, d. 1943.
219. LADY RAMSAY PATRICIA was born 1886, and died 1974. She married ADMIRAL SIR ALEXANDER RAMSAY, son of EARL OF DALHOUSIE XIII. He was born 1881, and died 1972.
Child of PATRICIA and ALEXANDER RAMSAY is:
282. i. CAPT. ALEXANDER OF MAR 35 RAMSAY, b. 1919.
220. PRINCESS ALICE OF ATHLONE was born 1883, and died January 1981. She married EARL OF ATHLONE ALEXANDER GEORGE OF TECK, son of FRANCIS and MARY. He was born 1874, and died 1957.
Children are listed above under (186) Alexander George of Teck.
221. MARQUESS ALEXANDER OF CARISBROOKE was born 1886, and died February 23, 1960. He married LADY IRENE DENISON, daughter of EARL OF LODESBOROUGH. She was born 1890, and died July 16, 1956.
More About MARQUESS ALEXANDER OF CARISBROOKE: Burial: Whippingham Ch., Isle of Wight, England
More About LADY IRENE DENISON: Burial: Whippingham Ch., Isle of Wight, England
Child of ALEXANDER and IRENE DENISON is:
283. i. LADY IRIS 35 MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1920.
222. QUEEN OF SPAIN VICTORIA EUGENIE "ENA" was born 1887, and died 1969 in Lausanne. She married KING OF SPAIN ALFONSO XIII 1906 in Church of, San Jeronimo, Madrid, Spain, son of ALFONSO and MARIA. He was born 1886, and died 1941 in,,Portugal.
Children of VICTORIA and ALFONSO are:
i. DON JAMIE 35 .
ii. COUNT ALPHONSO OF CAVADONGA, b. 1907; d. 1938; m. (1) EDELMIRA, 1933; b. 1906; m. (2) MARTHA Y ALTAZURRA ROCAFORT, 1937.
iii. DUKE OF SEGOVIA JAMES, b. 1908; d. 1975; m. (1) EMMANUELA DE DAMPIERRE, 1935; b. 1913; m. (2) CHARLOTTE TIEDEMANN, 1949; b. 1919.
iv. BEATRICE, b. 1909; m. PRINCE ALEXANDER OF CIVITELLA- CESSI TORLONIA, 1935; b. 1911.
v. MARIA CHRISTINA, b. 1911; m. HENRY C. MARONE, 1940; b. 1895; d. 1968.
284. vi. DON JUAN OF SPAIN, b. June 1913, San Ildefonso, Spain.
vii. GONZALO, b. 1914; d. 1934.
223. DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF BRUNSWICK 34 HANOVER was born 1887, and died 1953. He married VICTORIA LOUISE OF PRUSSIA 1913, daughter of WILLIAM and AUGUSTA. She was born 1892, and died 1980.
Children of ERNEST HANOVER and VICTORIA are:
285. i. PRINCE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF HANOVER 35 HANOVER, b. 1914; d. 1987.
286. ii. GEORGE WILLIAM HANOVER, b. 1915.
287. iii. PRINCESS FREDERICA OF HANOVER HANOVER, b. April 18, 1917, Blankenburg, Harz, Germany; d. February 6, 1981, Madrid, Spain.
288. iv. CHRISTIAN HANOVER, b. 1919; d. 1981.
v. GUELPH HENRY HANOVER, b. 1923; m. ALEXANDRA OF YSENBURG AND BUDINGEN, 1960; b. 1938.
vi. MONIKA OF SOLMS-LAUBACH HANOVER, b. 1929.
224. GEORGE VI, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND (1936-1952) 34 WINDSOR was born December 14, 1895 in York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died February 6, 1952 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England. He married LADY ELIZABETH ANGELA MARGUERITE BOWES-LYON April 26, 1923, daughter of CLAUDE BOWES-LYON and CECILIA CAVENDISH-BENTIN. She was born August 4, 1900 in,,London, England and died March 30, 2002 at the Royal Lodge, Windsor.
More About KING OF ENGLAND GEORGE VI WINDSOR: Burial: March 11, 1952, St. George Chap., Windsor, England
More About LADY ELIZABETH ANGELA MARGUERITE BOWES-LYON: Christening: September 23, 1900
Children of GEORGE WINDSOR and ELIZABETH BOWES-LYON are:
289. i. ELIZABETH II, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND (1952 - ) ALEXANDRA MARY 35 WINDSOR, b. April 21, 1926, 17 Bruton St., London, W1, England.
290. ii. PRINCESS MARGARET ROSE WINDSOR, b. August 21, 1930, Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland, d. February 9, 2002, King Edward VII hospital London.
225. PRINCESS ROYAL MARY 34 WINDSOR was born April 25, 1897 in York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died March 28, 1965 in Harewood House, Yorkshire, England. She married VISCOUNT HENRY GEORGE CHARLES LASCELLES February 28, 1922 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England. He was born 1882, and died 1947.
Children of MARY WINDSOR and HENRY LASCELLES are:
291. i. VISCOUNT GEORGE EARL OF HAREWOOD 35 LASCELLES, b. 1923.
292. ii. HON. GERALD LASCELLES, b. 1924.
226. DUKE HENRY WILLIAM FREDERICK 34 WINDSOR was born March 31, 1900 in York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died 1974. He married LADY ALICE CHRISTABEL MONTAGU-DOUGLAS November 6, 1935 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, daughter of JOHN and MARGARET BRIDGEMAN. She was born December 25, 1901 in London, England.
Children of HENRY WINDSOR and ALICE MONTAGU-DOUGLAS are:
i. PRINCE WILLIAM HENRY ANDREW 35 WINDSOR, b. December 18, 1941, Hadley Common, Hertfordshire, England; d. August 28, 1972, Near, Wolverhampton, England.
More About PRINCE WILLIAM HENRY ANDREW WINDSOR:
Christening: February 22, 1942, Private Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
293. ii. PRINCE RICHARD ALEXANDER WALTER WINDSOR, b. August 26, 1944, Hadley Common, Hertfordshire, England.
227. DUKE OF KENT GEORGE EDWARD ALEXANDER 34 WINDSOR was born December 20, 1902 in York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died August 25, 1942 in Morven, Scotland. He married PRINCESS MARINA OF GREECE November 29, 1934 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, daughter of NICHOLAS and HELEN ROMANOV. She was born November 30, 1906 in Athens, Greece, and died 1968 in Kensington, Palace, England.
Children of GEORGE WINDSOR and MARINA are:
294. i. DUKE OF KENT EDWARD GEORGE NICHOLAS 35 WINDSOR, b. September 9, 1935, 3 Belgrave Sq., England.
295. ii. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA WINDSOR, b. December 25, 1936.
296. iii. PRINCE MICHAEL WINDSOR, b. July 4, 1942, Coppins, England.
228. NICHOLAS 34 ROMANOV was born 1850, and died 1918. He married NADEZHDA DREYER 1882. She was born 1861, and died 1929.
Child of NICHOLAS ROMANOV and NADEZHDA DREYER is:
i. PRINCE ISKANDER ARTEMI 35 ROMANOV, b. 1881; d. 1919.
229. PRINCESS OLGA CONSTANTINOVNA was born 1851, and died 1926. She married KING OF GREECE WILLIAM GEORGE I OF THE HELLENES OLDENBURG 1867, son of CHRISTIAN and LOUISE. He was born December 24, 1845 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died March 18, 1913 in Salonika.
More About PRINCESS OLGA CONSTANTINOVNA: Burial: November 1936, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
More About KING OF GREECE WILLIAM GEORGE I OF THE HELLENES OLDENBURG: Burial: Tatoi
Children are listed above under (197) William George I of the Hellenes Oldenburg.
230. CONSTANTINE 34 ROMANOV was born 1858, and died 1915. He married ELIZABETH 1884, daughter of PRINCE MAURICE OF SAXE- ALTENBURG. She was born 1865, and died 1929.
Children of CONSTANTINE ROMANOV and ELIZABETH are:
i. IVAN 35 ROMANOV, b. 1886; d. 1918; m. HELEN, 1911; b. 1881; d. 1962.
ii. CONSTANTINE ROMANOV, b. 1891; d. 1918.
iii. IGOR ROMANOV, b. 1894; d. 1918.
231. MARIA THERESA was born July 2, 1849 in Brunn, and died February 3, 1919 in Schloss, Wildenwart. She married KING OF BAVARIA LUDWIG III WITTELSBACH February 20, 1868 in Vienna, Austria, son of LUITPOLD and AUGUSTA. He was born January 7, 1845 in Munich, Germany, and died October 18, 1921 in Sarvar, Hungary.
More About MARIA THERESA: Burial: Dom Church, Munich, Germany
Child of MARIA and LUDWIG WITTELSBACH is:
297. i. CROWN PRINCE RUPPRECHT OF BAVARIA 35, b. 1869; d. 1955.
232. GRAND DUKE GUILLAUME IV OF LUXEMBOURG married UNKNOWN.
Child of GUILLAUME and UNKNOWN is:
298. i. GRAND DUCHESS CHARLOTTE OF LUXEMBOURG 35 .
233. KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV V was born June 16, 1858 in Drottningholm, Near Stockholm, Sweden, and died October 29, 1950 in Drottningholm, Near Stockholm, Sweden. He married SWEDEN VICTORIA OF BADEN 1881. She was born August 7, 1862 in Karlsruhe, and died April 4, 1930 in Rome, Italy.
More About KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV V: Burial: Stockholm, Sweden
More About SWEDEN VICTORIA OF BADEN: Burial: Stockholm, Sweden
Children of GUSTAV and VICTORIA are:
299. i. KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF 35, b. November 11, 1882, Stockholm, Sweden; d. September 15, 1973, Helsingborg.
300. ii. PRINCE OF SWEDEN WILLIAM, b. 1884; d. 1965.
iii. DUKE ERIK OF VASTMANLAND, b. 1889; d. 1918.
234. COUNT OF WISBORG OSCAR was born 1859, and died 1953. He married EBBA OF FULKILA MUNCK 1888, daughter of CHARLES OF FULKILA MUNCK. She was born 1858, and died 1946.
Children of OSCAR and EBBA MUNCK are:
i. COUNTESS MARIA BERNADOTTE 35, b. 1889; d. 1974.
301. ii. COUNT OF WISBORG CARL BERNADOTTE, b. 1890; d. 1977.
iii. COUNTESS SOPHIA BERNADOTTE OF WISBORG, b. 1892; d. 1936; m. BARON CARL MARTEN FLEETWOOD, 1918; b. 1885; d. 1966.
iv. COUNTESS ELSA BERNADOTTE OF WISBORG, b. 1893; m. HUGO CEDERGREN, 1929; b. 1891; d. 1971.
302. v. COUNT OF WISBORG FOLKE BERNADOTTE, b. 1895; d. 1948.
235. PRINCE CHARLES OF SWEDEN was born 1861, and died 1951. He married INGEBORG OF DENMARK 1897, daughter of FREDERICK and LOUISE. She was born 1878, and died 1958.
Children of CHARLES and INGEBORG are:
i. MARGARETHA 35, b. 1899; d. 1977; m. AXEL OF DENMARK, 1919.
303. ii. CROWN PRINCESS MARTHA OF SWEDEN, b. 1901; d. 1954.
304. iii. PRINCESS ASTRID OF SWEDEN, b. November 17, 1905; d. August 29, 1935, Kussnacht, Switzerland.
305. iv. PRINCE OF SWEDEN CARL GUSTAF OSCAR, b. January 10, 1911.
236. QUEEN WILHELMINA OF NETHERLANDS was born August 31, 1880 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died November 28, 1962 in Het Loo. She married DUKE HENRY OF MECKLENBURG February 7, 1901 in The Hague, Netherlands, son of FREDERICK and MARIE. He was born April 19, 1876 in Schwerin, and died July 3, 1934 in The Hague, Netherlands.
Child of WILHELMINA and HENRY is:
306. i. QUEEN JULIANA OF NETHERLANDS 35, b. April 30, 1909, The Hague, Netherlands d. March 20, 2004
237. LOUISE OF SWEDEN was born October 31, 1851 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died March 20, 1926 in Amalienborg. She married KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VIII, son of CHRISTIAN and LOUISE. He was born June 3, 1843 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died May 14, 1912 in Hamburg, Germany.
More About KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK VIII: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children are listed above under (195) Frederick VIII.
238. KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN X was born September 26, 1870 in Charlottenlund, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark, and died April 20, 1947 in Amalienborg. He married ALEXANDRINE OF MECKLENBURG- SCHWERIN 1898, daughter of FREDERICK and ANASTASIA. She was born December 24, 1879 in Schwerin, and died December 28, 1952 in Copenhagen.
More About KING OF DENMARK CHRISTIAN X: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children of CHRISTIAN and ALEXANDRINE are:
307. i. KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK IX 35, b. March 11, 1899, Sorgenfri, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark; d. January 14, 1972, Copenhagen, Denmark.
308. ii. HER. PRINCE KNUD, b. 1900; d. 1976.
239. KING OF NORWAY CHARLES HAAKON VII was born 1872 in Charlottenlund, Denmark, and died 1957. He married PRINCESS MAUDE CHARLOTTE MARY July 22, 1896 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England, daughter of EDWARD WETTIN and ALEXANDRA. She was born November 26, 1869 in Marlborough, House, London, England, and died November 20, 1938 in London, England.
Child is listed above under (210) Maude Charlotte Mary.
240. HAROLD 34 was born 1876, and died 1949. He married HELENE OF SCHLESWIG- HOLSTEIN 1909. She was born 1888, and died 1962.
Children of HAROLD and HELENE are:
i. FEODORA 35, b. 1910; d. 1975.
309. ii. CAROLINE MATHILDE, b. 1912.
iii. ALEXANDRINE LOUISE, b. 1914; d. 1962.
iv. GORM, b. 1919.
v. COUNT OLUF OF ROSENBORG, b. 1923; m. HELEN DORRIT, 1948; b. 1926.
241. INGEBORG OF DENMARK was born 1878, and died 1958. She married PRINCE CHARLES OF SWEDEN 1897, son of OSCAR and SOPHIA. He was born 1861, and died 1951.
Children are listed above under (235) Charles of Sweden.
242. KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE I 34 OLDENBURG was born August 2, 1868 in Athens, Greece, and died January 11, 1923 in Palermo, Italy. He married QUEEN OF GREECE SOPHIE OF PRUSSIA October 27, 1889 in Athens, Greece, daughter of FREDERICK and VICTORIA. She was born June 14, 1870 in Potsdam, Germany, and died January 13, 1932 in Frankfurt, Germany.
More About KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE I OLDENBURG: Burial: November 1936, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
More About QUEEN OF GREECE SOPHIE OF PRUSSIA: Burial: November 1936, Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
Children are listed above under (207) Sophie of Prussia.
243. GEORGE 34 OLDENBURG was born 1869, and died 1957. He married MARY 1907, daughter of PRINCE ROLAND BONAPARTE. She was born 1882, and died 1962.
Children of GEORGE OLDENBURG and MARY are:
i. PETER 35 OLDENBURG, b. 1908; d. 1980; m. IRENE OVCHINNIKOV, 1939; b. 1904.
ii. EUGENIA OLDENBURG, b. 1910; m. (1) PRINCE DOMINIC RADZIWILL, 1938; b. 1911; d. 1976; m. (2) DUKE RAYMOND OF CASTEL, 1949; b. 1907.
244. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF GREECE was born 1870, and died 1891. She married GRAND DUKE PAUL ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV 1889, son of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and MARIE. He was born 1860, and died January 1919 in Fortress of, Peter and Paul, Russia.
Children of ALEXANDRA and PAUL ROMANOV are:
310. i. MARIA PAVLOVNA 35 ROMANOV, b. 1890; d. 1958.
311. ii. GRAND DUKE DMITRI PAVLOVICH ROMANOV, b. 1891; d. 1941, Switzerland.
245. PRINCE NICHOLAS OF GREECE was born 1872, and died 1938. He married GRAND DUCHESS HELEN VLADIMIROVNA OF RUSSIA ROMANOV 1902, daughter of VLADIMIR ROMANOV and MARIE PAVLOVNA. She was born 1882, and died 1957.
Children of NICHOLAS and HELEN ROMANOV are:
i. CHILD 2 35 .
312. iii. PRINCESS OLGA.
iv. ELIZABETH.
313. v. PRINCESS MARINA OF GREECE, b. November 30, 1906, Athens, Greece; d. 1968, Kensington, Palace, England.
246. PRINCE ANDREW OF GREECE was born 1882, and died 1944. He married PRINCESS ALICE OF BATTENBERG 1903, daughter of LOUIS and VICTORIA. She was born 1885, and died Abt. 1969 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England.
Children of ANDREW and ALICE are:
314. i. MARGARITA 35 MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1905; d. 1981.
315. ii. THEODORA MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1906; d. 1960.
316. iii. PRINCESS CECILIE OF GREECE MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1911; d. 1937.
317. iv. SOPHIA, b. 1914.
318. v. PRINCE PHILIP MOUNTBATTEN, b. June 10, 1921, Isle of Kerkira, Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece.
247. CHRISTOPHER 34 OLDENBURG was born 1888, and died 1940. He married (1) ANASTASIA STEWART 1920. She was born 1883, and died 1923. He married (2) FRANCIS OF GUISE 1929. She was born 1902, and died 1953.
Child of CHRISTOPHER OLDENBURG and ANASTASIA STEWART is:
i. MICHAEL 35 OLDENBURG, b. 1939; m. MARINA KARELLA, 1965; b. 1940.
248. TSAR OF RUSSIA NICHOLAS II ALEXANDROVICH 34 ROMANOV was born May 18, 1868 in Tsarskoye Selo, Pushkin, Russia, and died July 16, 1918 in Ekaterinburg, Russia. He married TSARINA ALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA "ALIX" November 26, 1894 in Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia, daughter of LOUIS and ALICE. She was born June 6, 1872 in Darmstadt, Germany, and died July 16, 1918 in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Children are listed above under (214) Alexandra Fedorovna "Alix".
249. GRAND DUCHESS XENIA 34 ROMANOV was born 1875, and died April 20, 1960 in London, England. She married GRAND DUKE ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH (SANDRO) ROMANOV 1894, son of MICHAEL ROMANOV and CECILY. He was born 1866, and died 1933.
Children of XENIA ROMANOV and ALEXANDER ROMANOV are:
i. IRINA 35, b. 1895; m. FELIX YUSSOUPOV; b. 1887.
ii. ANDREW, b. 1897.
vii. VASSILY, b. 1907.
250. GRAND DUKE MICHAEL "MISCHA" ALEXANDROVICH 34 ROMANOV was born 1878, and died July 10, 1918 in Perm, Russia. He married NATALIA SHEREMETEVSKAYA July 1912 in Vienna, Austria. She was born 1880, and died 1952.
Children of MICHAEL ROMANOV and NATALIA SHEREMETEVSKAYA are:
319. i. COUNTESS NADEJDA 35, b. 1896; d. 1963.
ii. GEORGE ROMANOV, b. 1910; d. 1931.
251. GRAND DUCHESS OLGA ALEXANDROVNA 34 ROMANOV was born June 1, 1882, and died November 24, 1960 in East Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She married (1) PRINCE PETER OF OLDENBURG July 1901. He was born 1868, and died 1924. She married (2) COLONEL NICHOLAS KOULIKOVSKY 1916 in,,,Russia. He was born 1881, and died 1958 in Cooksville, Near Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
More About GRAND DUCHESS OLGA ALEXANDROVNA ROMANOV: Burial: November 30, 1960, York Cemetery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
More About COLONEL NICHOLAS KOULIKOVSKY: Burial: York Cemetery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Children of OLGA ROMANOV and NICHOLAS KOULIKOVSKY are:
i. TIKHON 35 KOULIKOVSKY, b. 1917.
ii. GOURY KOULIKOVSKY, b. 1919.
252. GEORGE 34 ROMANOV was born 1872, and died 1913. He married COUNTESS ALEXANDRA ZARNEKAU. She was born 1883.
Child of GEORGE ROMANOV and ALEXANDRA ZARNEKAU is:
i. ALEXANDER ALEXANDROVICH 35 ROMANOV, b. 1900.
253. OLGA 34 ROMANOV was born 1874, and died 1925. She married COUNT VON MERENBERG. He was born 1871, and died 1948.
Children of OLGA ROMANOV and VON MERENBERG are:
i. GEORGE 35, b. 1897.
ii. OLGA, b. 1898.
254. CATHERINE 34 ROMANOV was born 1878, and died 1959. She married (1) PRINCE ALEXANDER V. BARIATINSKY. He was born 1870, and died 1910. She married (2) PRINCE SERGE OBELENSKY. He was born 1890.
Children of CATHERINE ROMANOV and ALEXANDER BARIATINSKY are:
i. ANDREI 35 BARIATINSKY, b. 1902; d. 1931.
ii. ALEXANDER BARIATINSKY, b. 1905.
255. TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER III ALEXANDROVICH 34 ROMANOV was born 1845, and died November 1, 1894 in Livadia, Crimea, Near Yalta, Russia. He married TSARINA DAGMAR "MARIE" OF DENMARK 1866, daughter of CHRISTIAN and LOUISE. She was born 1847, and died October 1928 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
More About TSAR OF RUSSIA ALEXANDER III ALEXANDROVICH ROMANOV: Burial: November 19, 1894, Cathedral of the, Fortress of P&P, St. Petersburg, Russia
Children are listed above under (198) Dagmar "Marie" of Denmark.
256. GRAND DUKE VLADIMIR 34 ROMANOV was born 1847, and died 1909. He married GRAND DUCHESS MARIE PAVLOVNA 1874, daughter of GRAND DUKE FREDERICK FRANCIS II OF MECKLENGB-SCH. She was born 1854, and died 1920.
Children of VLADIMIR ROMANOV and MARIE PAVLOVNA are:
320. i. GRAND DUKE CYRIL VLADIMIROVITCH 35 ROMANOV, b. 1876; d. 1938.
ii. GRAND DUKE BORIS ROMANOV, b. 1877; d. 1943; m. ZENAIDA RASHEVSKA, 1919; b. 1898; d. 1963.
iii. GRAND DUKE ANDREI (ANDREW) VLADIMIROVICH ROMANOV, b. 1879; d. 1956; m. MATHILDE (MARIA) KRZESINSKA, 1921; b. 1872; d. 1971.
321. iv. GRAND DUCHESS HELEN VLADIMIROVNA OF RUSSIA ROMANOV, b. 1882; d. 1957.
257. GRAND DUCHESS MARIE ALEXANDROVNA was born October 17, 1853 in St. Petersburg, Russia, and died October 25, 1920 in Zurich, Switzerland. She married PRINCE ALFRED ERNEST ALBERT January 23, 1874 in Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia, son of ALBERT and VICTORIA HANOVER. He was born August 6, 1844 in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England, and died July 30, 1900 in Schloss Rosenau, Near Coburg.
Children are listed above under (176) Alfred Ernest Albert.
258. GRAND DUKE PAUL ALEXANDROVICH 34 ROMANOV was born 1860, and died January 1919 in Fortress of, Peter and Paul, Russia. He married (1) PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF GREECE 1889, daughter of WILLIAM OLDENBURG and OLGA. She was born 1870, and died 1891. He married (2) PRINCESS OLGA KARNOVICH 1902 in Leghorn, daughter of VALERIAN KARNOVICH. She was born 1866, and died 1929.
Children are listed above under (244) Alexandra of Greece.
Children of PAUL ROMANOV and OLGA KARNOVICH are:
i. VLADIMIR 35 ROMANOV, b. 1896; d. 1918.
ii. NATALIE ROMANOV, b. 1905.
iii. IRINA ROMANOV, b. 1908.
259. GRAND DUKE ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH (SANDRO) 34 ROMANOV was born 1866, and died 1933. He married GRAND DUCHESS XENIA ROMANOV 1894, daughter of ALEXANDER ROMANOV and DAGMAR. She was born 1875, and died April 20, 1960 in London, England.
Children are listed above under (249) Xenia Romanov.
260. DUKE HENRY OF MECKLENBURG was born April 19, 1876 in Schwerin, and died July 3, 1934 in The Hague, Netherlands. He married QUEEN WILHELMINA OF NETHERLANDS February 7, 1901 in The Hague, Netherlands, daughter of WILLIAM and EMMA. She was born August 31, 1880 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died November 28, 1962 in Het Loo.
Child is listed above under (236) Wilhelmina of Netherlands.
Generation No. 35
261. CROWN PRINCE WILLIAM was born 1882. He married CECILIE OF MECKLENBURG- SCHWERIN. She was born 1886, and died 1954.
Children of WILLIAM and CECILIE are:
322. i. WILLIAM 36, b. 1906; d. 1940.
323. ii. PRINCE LOUIS FERDINAND OF PRUSSIA, b. 1907.
324. iii. HUBERTUS, b. 1909; d. 1950.
325. iv. FREDERICK, b. 1911; d. 1966.
v. ALEXANDRINE, b. 1915; d. 1980.
vi. CECILIE, b. 1917; d. 1975; m. CLYDE HARRIS.
262. VICTORIA LOUISE OF PRUSSIA was born 1892, and died 1980. She married DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF BRUNSWICK HANOVER 1913, son of ERNEST HANOVER and THYRA. He was born 1887, and died 1953.
Children are listed above under (223) Ernest Augustus of Brunswick Hanover.
263. KING OF GREECE ALEXANDER I 35 OLDENBURG was born August 1, 1893 in Tatoi, and died October 25, 1920 in Athens, Greece. He married ASPASIA MANOS November 4, 1919 in Athens, Greece, daughter of PETROS MANOS and MARIA ARGYROPOULOS. She was born September 4, 1896 in Athens, Greece, and died August 7, 1972 in Venice, Italy.
More About KING OF GREECE ALEXANDER I OLDENBURG: Burial: Tatoi
Child of ALEXANDER OLDENBURG and ASPASIA MANOS is:
326. i. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF GREECE 36, b. 1921.
264. PRINCESS HELEN OF GREECE was born May 2, 1896 in Athens, Greece, and died November 28, 1982 in Lausanne, Switzerland. She married KING OF ROMANIA CAROL II HOHENZOLLERN March 10, 1921 in Athens, Greece, son of FERDINAND HOHENZOLLERN and MARIE. He was born October 15, 1893 in Castle Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania, and died April 4, 1953 in Villa Mar y Sol, Estoril, Portugal.
Child of HELEN and CAROL HOHENZOLLERN is:
327. i. KING OF ROMANIA MICHAEL 36 HOHENZOLLERN, b. October 25, 1921, Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania.
265. KING OF GREECE PAUL I 35 OLDENBURG was born December 14, 1901 in Athens, Greece, and died March 6, 1964 in Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece. He married PRINCESS FREDERICA OF HANOVER HANOVER, daughter of ERNEST HANOVER and VICTORIA. She was born April 18, 1917 in Blankenburg, Harz, Germany, and died February 6, 1981 in Madrid, Spain.
More About KING OF GREECE PAUL I OLDENBURG: Burial: Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
More About PRINCESS FREDERICA OF HANOVER HANOVER: Burial: Tatoi
Children of PAUL OLDENBURG and FREDERICA HANOVER are:
328. i. SOPHIA OF GREECE 36 OLDENBURG, b. 1938.
329. ii. KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE II OLDENBURG, b. June 2, 1940, Psychiko.
iii. CROWN PRINCESS IRENE OF GREECE OLDENBURG, b. 1942.
266. DUCHESS OF FIFE ALEXANDRA was born 1891, and died February 26, 1959. She married DUKE ARTHUR OF CONNAUGHT, son of ARTHUR and LOUISE. He was born 1883, and died 1938.
More About DUCHESS OF FIFE ALEXANDRA: Burial: Mar Lodge, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, England
Child is listed above under (218) Arthur of Connaught.
267. LADY MAUD 35 CARNEGIE was born 1893, and died 1945. She married EARL XI CHARLES OF SOUTHESK 1923. He was born 1893.
Child of MAUD CARNEGIE and CHARLES is:
330. i. DUKE OF FIFE JAMES GEORGE ALEXANDER 36 CARNEGIE, b. 1929.
268. KING OF NORWAY OLAV V was born July 2, 1903 in Appleton House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died January 17, 1991 in Norway. He married CROWN PRINCESS MARTHA OF SWEDEN 1929, daughter of CHARLES and INGEBORG. She was born 1901, and died 1954.
Children of OLAV and MARTHA are:
331. i. PRINCESS RAGNHILD ALEXANDRA 36, b. 1930, Oslo, Norway.
332. ii. PRINCESS ASTRID MAUD INGEBORG, b. 1932.
333. iii. CROWN PRINCE HARALD, b. February 21, 1937, Skaugum, Near Oslo, Norway.
269. PRINCESS ALICE OF BATTENBERG was born 1885, and died Abt. 1969 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England. She married PRINCE ANDREW OF GREECE 1903, son of WILLIAM OLDENBURG and OLGA. He was born 1882, and died 1944.
Children are listed above under (246) Andrew of Greece.
270. MARQUESS GEORGE 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1892, and died 1938. He married COUNTESS NADEJDA, daughter of MICHAEL ROMANOV and NATALIA SHEREMETEVSKAYA. She was born 1896, and died 1963.
Children of GEORGE MOUNTBATTEN and NADEJDA are:
i. LADY TATIANA ELIZABETH 36 MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1917.
334. ii. MARQUESS DAVID OF MILFORD HAVEN MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1919; d. April 14, 1970.
271. EARL MOUNTBATTEN LOUIS OF BURMA 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1900 in Windsor, Berkshire, England, and died August 27, 1979 in Donegal Bay, County Sligo, Ireland. He married HON. EDWINA ASHLEY, daughter of LORD OF MOUNT TEMPLE. She was born 1901, and died 1960.
Children of LOUIS MOUNTBATTEN and EDWINA ASHLEY are:
335. i. LADY PATRICIA 36 MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1924.
336. ii. LADY PAMELA MOUNTBATTEN, b. 1929.
272. GRAND DUKE GEORGE DONATUS OF HESSE was born 1906, and died 1937. He married PRINCESS CECILIE OF GREECE MOUNTBATTEN 1931, daughter of ANDREW and ALICE. She was born 1911, and died 1937.
Children of GEORGE and CECILIE MOUNTBATTEN are:
i. LOUIS 36, b. 1931; d. 1937.
ii. ALEXANDER, b. 1933; d. 1937.
iii. JOANNA, b. 1936; d. 1939.
273. KING OF ROMANIA CAROL II 35 HOHENZOLLERN was born October 15, 1893 in Castle Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania, and died April 4, 1953 in Villa Mar y Sol, Estoril, Portugal. He married (1) JOANA MARIA VALENTINA LAMBRINO August 31, 1918 in Odessa, daughter of CONSTANTINE LAMBRINO and EUPHROSINE ALCAZ. She was born October 3, 1898 in Roman, Romania, and died March 11, 1953 in Paris, France. He married (2) PRINCESS HELEN OF GREECE March 10, 1921 in Athens, Greece, daughter of CONSTANTINE OLDENBURG and SOPHIE. She was born May 2, 1896 in Athens, Greece, and died November 28, 1982 in Lausanne, Switzerland. He married (3) ELENA (MAGDA) LUPESCU June 3, 1947 in Rio de Janerio, Brazil. She was born September 15, 1895 in Jassy, and died June 28, 1977 in Estoril, Portugal.
Child of CAROL HOHENZOLLERN and JOANA LAMBRINO is:
i. SON 36 HOHENZOLLERN.
Child is listed above under (264) Helen of Greece.
274. MARIE (MIGNON) 35 HOHENZOLLERN was born 1900, and died 1961. She married KING ALEXANDER I OF YUGOSLAVIA, son of PETER and ZORKA. He was born 1888, and died 1934.
Children of MARIE HOHENZOLLERN and ALEXANDER are:
337. i. KING PETER II OF YUGOSLAVIA 36, b. September 6, 1923, Belgrade; d. 1970.
338. ii. PRINCE TOMISLAV OF YUGOSLAVIA, b. 1928, Belgrade.
339. iii. PRINCE ANDREJ OF YUGOSLAVIA, b. 1929,,,Yugoslavia.
275. GRAND DUCHESS MARIA OF RUSSIA was born 1907, and died 1951. She married PRINCE KARL OF LEININGEN 1925. He was born 1898, and died 1946.
Children of MARIA and KARL are:
340. i. PRINCE EMICH OF LEININGEN 36, b. 1926.
ii. PRINCE KARL OF LEININGEN, b. 1928.
341. iii. KIRA MELITA OF LEININGEN, b. 1930.
iv. PRINCESS MARGARITA, b. 1932.
342. v. PRINCESS MECHTILDE, b. 1936.
vi. PRINCE FRIEDRICH OF LEININGEN, b. 1938.
276. GRAND DUCHESS KIRA OF RUSSIA was born 1909, and died 1967. She married PRINCE LOUIS FERDINAND OF PRUSSIA 1938, son of WILLIAM and CECILIE. He was born 1907.
Children of KIRA and LOUIS are:
i. DAU. 2 36 .
343. iii. PRINCE FRIEDRICH WILHELM OF PRUSSIA, b. 1939.
344. iv. PRINCE MICHAEL OF PRUSSIA, b. 1939.
v. PRINCESS MARIE-CECILE OF PRUSSIA, b. 1942.
345. vi. PRINCE LOUIS FERDINAND OF PRUSSIA, b. 1944; d. 1977.
346. vii. PRINCE CHRISTIAN SIGISMUND OF PRUSSIA, b. 1946.
277. GRAND DUKE VLADIMIR CYRILOVITCH 35 ROMANOV was born August 30, 1917 in Near Borga, Finland, Finland. He married (1) SUMNER M. KIRBY 1934. She died 1945. He married (2) PRINCESS LEONIDE BAGRATION- MOUKHRANSKY 1948 in,Switzerland, daughter of PRINCE GEORGE BAGRATION- MUKHRANSKI. She was born 1914 in Tiflis.
Child of VLADIMIR ROMANOV and LEONIDE is:
347. i. GRAND DUCHESS MARIA OF RUSSIA 36, b. 1953, Madrid, Spain, Spain.
278. PRINCE GUSTAV ADOLF was born 1906, and died 1947. He married SIBYLLA OF SAXE-COBURG 1932. She was born 1908, and died 1971.
Children of GUSTAV and SIBYLLA are:
348. i. PRINCESS MARGARETHA OF SWEDEN 36, b. October 31, 1934.
349. ii. PRINCESS BIRGITTA OF SWEDEN, b. January 19, 1937.
350. iii. PRINCESS DESIREE OF SWEDEN, b. June 2, 1938.
351. iv. PRINCESS CHRISTINA LOUISE HELEN, b. August 3, 1943.
352. v. KING OF SWEDEN CARL XVI GUSTAV, b. April 30, 1946, Haga Castle.
279. COUNT OF WISBORG SIGVARD OSCAR FREDRIK was born June 7, 1907. He married (1) ERIKA PATZEK 1934. She was born 1911 in,Germany. He married (2) SONIA ROBBERT 1943. She was born 1909. He married (3) COUNTESS MARIANNE OF WISBORG LINDBERG July 30, 1961. She was born July 15, 1924.
Child of SIGVARD and SONIA ROBBERT is:
i. COUNT MICHAEL 36, b. 1944; m. CHRISTINE WELLHOEFER, 1976; b. 1947.
280. PRINCESS INGRID VICTORIA OF SWEDEN was born March 28, 1910 in Stockholm. She married KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK IX May 24, 1935 in Stockholm, Sweden, son of CHRISTIAN and ALEXANDRINE. He was born March 11, 1899 in Sorgenfri, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark, and died January 14, 1972 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
More About KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK IX: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children of INGRID and FREDERICK are:
353. i. QUEEN OF DENMARK MERGRETHE II 36, b. April 16, 1940, Copenhagen, Denmark.
ii. BENEDIKTE, b. 1944; m. PRINCE RICHARD OF SAYN- WITTGENSTEIN-, 1968; b. 1934.
354. iii. ANNE-MARIE OF DENMARK, b. August 30, 1946, Copenhagen, Denmark.
281. COUNT OF WISBORG CARL JOHAN ARTHUR was born October 31, 1916. He married (1) COUNTESS ELIN KERSTIN MARGARETA WIJKMARK February 19, 1946. She was born March 4, 1910, and died September 11, 1987. He married (2) COUNTESS GUNNILA MARTHA LOUISE WACHTMEISTER September 29, 1988. She was born May 12, 1923.
Children of CARL and ELIN WIJKMARK are:
i. MONICA 36, b. 1948; m. COUNT JOHAN BONDE, 1975; b. 1950.
ii. CHRISTIAN, b. 1949.
282. CAPT. ALEXANDER OF MAR 35 RAMSAY was born 1919. He married LADY FLORA FRASER 1956. She was born 1930.
Children of ALEXANDER RAMSAY and FLORA are:
i. KATHARINE FRASER 36, b. 1957.
ii. ALICE, b. 1961.
iii. ELIZABETH, b. 1963.
283. LADY IRIS 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1920. She married (1) CAPT. J. KEYES-O'MALLEY HAMILTON 1941. She married (2) MICHAEL KELLY BRYAN 1957. She married (3) WILLIAM KEMP 1965.
Child of IRIS MOUNTBATTEN and MICHAEL is:
i. ROBIN ALEXANDER 36 .
284. DON JUAN OF SPAIN was born June 1913 in San Ildefonso, Spain. He married PRINCESS MARIA DE LAS MERCEDES OF BOURBON 1935 in Rome, Italy, daughter of CHARLES and LOUISE. She was born 1910 in Madrid, Spain.
Children of DON and MARIA are:
i. DONA MARIA OF BOURBON 36, b. 1937; m. VISCOUNT LOUIS DE LA TORRE GOMEZ-ACEBO, 1967; b. 1934.
355. ii. KING OF SPAIN JUAN CARLOS, b. 1938.
iii. CROWN PRINCESS MARGARITE, b. 1939; m. CARLOS ZURITA Y DELGADO, 1972; b. 1943.
iv. CROWN PRINCE ALPHONSO, b. 1941; d. 1956,,,Portugal.
285. PRINCE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF HANOVER 35 HANOVER was born 1914, and died 1987. He married ORTRUD OF SCHLESWIG- HOLSTEIN. She was born 1925, and died 1980.
Children of ERNEST HANOVER and ORTRUD are:
i. MARIE 36 HANOVER, b. 1952; m. COUNT MICHAEL VON HOCHBERG.
356. ii. PRINCE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF HANOVER HANOVER, b. 1954.
357. iii. PRINCE LUDWIG RUDOLPH HANOVER, b. November 28, 1955; d. November 29, 1989.
iv. OLGA HANOVER, b. 1958.
v. ALEXANDRA HANOVER, b. 1959; m. PRINCE ANDREAS OF LEININGEN.
vi. HEINRICH JULIUS HANOVER, b. 1961.
286. GEORGE WILLIAM 35 HANOVER was born 1915. He married SOPHIE OF GREECE 1946. She was born 1914.
Children of GEORGE HANOVER and SOPHIE are:
i. GUELPH 36 HANOVER, b. 1947; d. 1981; m. WILBEKE VON GUNSTEREN, 1969; b. 1948.
ii. GEORGE HANOVER, b. 1949; m. VICTORIA BEE, 1973; b. 1951.
iii. FREDERICKA HANOVER, b. 1954.
287. PRINCESS FREDERICA OF HANOVER 35 HANOVER was born April 18, 1917 in Blankenburg, Harz, Germany, and died February 6, 1981 in Madrid, Spain. She married KING OF GREECE PAUL I OLDENBURG, son of CONSTANTINE OLDENBURG and SOPHIE. He was born December 14, 1901 in Athens, Greece, and died March 6, 1964 in Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece.
More About PRINCESS FREDERICA OF HANOVER HANOVER: Burial: Tatoi
More About KING OF GREECE PAUL I OLDENBURG: Burial: Tatoi, Near Athens, Greece
Children are listed above under (265) Paul I Oldenburg.
288. CHRISTIAN 35 HANOVER was born 1919, and died 1981. He married MIREILLE DUTRY 1963. She was born 1946.
Children of CHRISTIAN HANOVER and MIREILLE DUTRY are:
i. CAROLINE LOUISE 36 HANOVER, b. 1965.
ii. MIREILLE HANOVER, b. 1971.
289. QUEEN OF ENGLAND ELIZABETH II ALEXANDRA MARY 35 WINDSOR (GEORGE VI 37, GEORGE V 36, EDWARD VII 35 WETTIN, VICTORIA 34 HANOVER, EDWARD AUGUSTUS 33, GEORGE III 32, FREDERICK LOUIS 31, GEORGE II 30, GEORGE I 29, SOPHIA 28, ELIZABETH 27 STUART, JAMES I 26, HENRY 25, MATTHEW 24, JOHN 23 STEWART, ELIZABETH 22, MARY 21, JAMES II 20, JAMES I 19, ROBERT III 18, ROBERT II 17, MARGERY 16 BRUCE, ROBERT I 15, ROBERT 14, ROBERT 13, ISOBEL 12, DAVID OF HUNTINGDON 11, HENRY OF HUNTINGDON 10, DAVID I THE SAINT 9, ST MARGARET 8, EDWARD 7 ATHLING, EDMUND II IRONSIDE 6, ETHELRED II THE UNREADY 5, EDGAR THE PEACEFUL 4, EDMUND I THE ELDER 3, EDWARD THE ELDER 2, ALFRED THE GREAT 1) was born April 21, 1926 in 17 Bruton St., London, W1, England. She married , PRINCE PHILIP MOUNTBATTEN November 20, 1947 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, son of ANDREW and ALICE. He was born June 10, 1921 in Isle of Kerkira, Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece.
Children of ELIZABETH WINDSOR and PHILIP MOUNTBATTEN are:
360. iii. DUKE OF YORK ANDREW ALBERT CHRISTIAN WINDSOR , b. February 19, 1960, Belgian Suite, Buckingham, Palace, England.
360A.iv. PRINCE EDWARD ANTHONY RICHARD WINDSOR , b. March 10, 1964, Buckingham, Palace, London, England. Christened May 2, 1964.
290. PRINCESS MARGARET ROSE 35 WINDSOR was born August 21, 1930 in Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland, and died February 9, 2002 in the Edward VII hospital, London. She married EARL OF SNOWDON ANTHONY CHARLES ROBERT ARMSTRONG-JONES May 6, 1960 in Westminster, Cathedral, London, England. He was born March 7, 1930. They divorced July 11, 1978.
Children of MARGARET WINDSOR and ANTHONY ARMSTRONG-JONES are:
360B i. VISCOUNT LINLEY DAVID ALBERT CHARLES ARMSTRONG-JONES, b. November 3, 1961.
360C. ii. LADY SARAH FRANCES ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG-JONES, b. May 1, 1964.
291. VISCOUNT GEORGE EARL OF HAREWOOD 35 LASCELLES was born 1923. He married (1) COUNTESS MARION (MARIA) DONATA STEIN 1949, daughter of ERWIN STEIN and SOPHIE. She was born 1926. He married (2) PATRICIA TUCKWELL 1967. She was born 1923.
Children of GEORGE LASCELLES and MARION STEIN are:
361. i. VISCOUNT DAVID 36 LASCELLES, b. 1950.
362. ii. HON. JAMES LASCELLES, b. 1953.
363. iii. HON. JEREMY LASCELLES, b. 1955.
Child of GEORGE LASCELLES and PATRICIA TUCKWELL is:
iv. HON. MARK 36 LASCELLES, b. 1964.
292. HON. GERALD 35 LASCELLES was born 1924. He married (1) ANGELA DOWDING 1952. She was born 1919. He married (2) ELIZABETH COLLINGWOOD COLVIN 1978. She was born 1924.
Child of GERALD LASCELLES and ANGELA DOWDING is:
i. HENRY 36 LASCELLES, b. 1953; m. ALEXANDRA MORTON, 1979.
Child of GERALD LASCELLES and ELIZABETH COLVIN is:
ii. MARTIN 36 LASCELLES, b. 1963.
293. PRINCE RICHARD ALEXANDER WALTER 35 WINDSOR was born August 26, 1944 in Hadley Common, Hertfordshire, England. He married DUCHESS BIRGITTE OF DENMARK VON DEURS July 1972. She was born 1947.
More About PRINCE RICHARD ALEXANDER WALTER WINDSOR: Christening: October 20, 1944, Private Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
Children of RICHARD WINDSOR and BIRGITTE VON DEURS are:
i. EARL OF ULSTER ALEXANDER PATRICK GREGERS 36, b. October 24, 1974, St. Marys Hosp., Paddington, London, England.
More About EARL OF ULSTER ALEXANDER PATRICK GREGERS: Christening: February 9, 1975, Barnwell Church
ii. LADY DAVINA ELIZABETH ALICE WINDSOR, b. November 19, 1977.
More About LADY DAVINA ELIZABETH ALICE WINDSOR: Christening: Barnwell Church, England
iii. LADY ROSE VICTORIA BIRGITTE WINDSOR, b. March 1, 1980, St. Marys Hosp., Paddington, England.
More About LADY ROSE VICTORIA BIRGITTE WINDSOR: Christening: July 13, 1980, Barnwell Church, England
294. DUKE OF KENT EDWARD GEORGE NICHOLAS 35 WINDSOR was born September 9, 1935 in 3 Belgrave Sq., England. He married DUCHESS OF KENT KATHARINE WORSLEY 1961, daughter of SIR WILLIAM WORSLEY. She was born 1933.
Children of EDWARD WINDSOR and KATHARINE WORSLEY are:
i. EARL GEORGE PHILIP OF ST. ANDREWS 36 WINDSOR, b. June 26, 1962; m. SYLVANA TOMASELLI, January 1988; b. Abt. 1957, Canada.
More About EARL GEORGE PHILIP OF ST. ANDREWS WINDSOR: Christening: September 14, 1962, Buckingham, Palace, Music Room, England
ii. LADY HELEN MARINA LUCY WINDSOR, b. April 28, 1964.
More About LADY HELEN MARINA LUCY WINDSOR: Christening: May 12, 1964, Private Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
iii. LORD NICHOLAS CHARLES EDWARD WINDSOR, b. July 25, 1970, Kings College, Hospital, Denmark Hill.
More About LORD NICHOLAS CHARLES EDWARD WINDSOR: Christening: Private Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
295. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA 35 WINDSOR was born December 25, 1936. She married HON. ANGUS OGILVY April 1963 in,,England. He was born 1928.
Children of ALEXANDRA WINDSOR and ANGUS OGILVY are:
i. JAMES ROBERT BRUCE 36 OGILVY, b. February 29, 1964, Thatched House, Lodge, England; m. JULIA RAWLINSON, Aft. 1989.
364. ii. MARINA VICTORIA ALEXANDRA OGILVY, b. July 31, 1966, Thatched House, Lodge, Richmond Park, England.
296. PRINCE MICHAEL 35 WINDSOR was born July 4, 1942 in Coppins, England. He married BARONESS MARIE-CHRISTINE VON REIBNITZ June 30, 1978 in Vienna, Austria. She was born January 15, 1945 in Czechoslovakia.
Children of MICHAEL WINDSOR and MARIE-CHRISTINE VON REIBNITZ are:
i. LORD FREDERICK 36 WINDSOR, b. April 6, 1979, St. Mary's Hosp., Paddington, London, England.
More About LORD FREDERICK WINDSOR: Christening: July 11, 1979, Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, England
ii. LADY GABRIELLA MARINA ALEXANDRA WINDSOR, b. April 23, 1981,,,England.
More About LADY GABRIELLA MARINA ALEXANDRA WINDSOR: Christening: June 8, 1981, Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, England
297. CROWN PRINCE RUPPRECHT OF BAVARIA was born 1869, and died 1955. He married (1) MARIA GABRIELE OF BAVARIA, daughter of KARL and MARIA. She was born 1878, and died 1912. He married (2) ANTOINETTE OF LUXEMBOURG. She was born 1899, and died 1954.
Children of RUPPRECHT and MARIA are:
i. LUITPOLD 36, b. 1901; d. 1914.
ii. IRMINGARD, b. 1902; d. 1903.
iii. DUKE OF BAVARIA ALBRECHT (ALBERT), b. 1905.
iv. RUDOLF, b. 1909; d. 1912.
Children of RUPPRECHT and ANTOINETTE are:
v. HENRY 36, b. 1922; d. 1958.
vi. IRMINGARD, b. 1923.
298. GRAND DUCHESS CHARLOTTE OF LUXEMBOURG married UNKNOWN.
Child of CHARLOTTE and UNKNOWN is:
i. GRAND DUKE JEAN OF LUXEMBOURG 36 .
299. KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF was born November 11, 1882 in Stockholm, Sweden, and died September 15, 1973 in Helsingborg. He married (1) CROWN PRINCESS MARGARET OF SWEDEN June 15, 1905 in Windsor, England, daughter of ARTHUR and LOUISE. She was born January 15, 1882 in Bagshot Park, and died May 1, 1920 in Stockholm, Sweden. He married (2) PRINCESS LOUISE ALEXANDRA MOUNTBATTEN November 3, 1923 in Chapel Royal, St. James Palace, England, daughter of LOUIS and VICTORIA. She was born July 13, 1889 in Schloss, Heiligenberg, and died March 7, 1965 in Stockholm, Sweden.
More About KING OF SWEDEN GUSTAV VI ADOLF: Burial: Royal Cemetery, Haga Castle Park
Children are listed above under (217) Margaret of Sweden.
300. PRINCE OF SWEDEN WILLIAM was born 1884, and died 1965. He married MARIA PAVLOVNA ROMANOV 1908, daughter of PAUL ROMANOV and ALEXANDRA. She was born 1890, and died 1958.
Child of WILLIAM and MARIA ROMANOV is:
365. i. COUNT OF WISBORG LENNART GUSTAF NICHOLAS 36, b. May 8, 1909, Stockholm, Sweden.
301. COUNT OF WISBORG CARL BERNADOTTE was born 1890, and died 1977. He married (1)BARONESS MARIANNE OF LEUFSTA DE GEER 1915. She was born 1893. He married (2)GERTY BORJESSON 1937. She was born 1910.
Children of CARL and MARIANNE DE GEER are:
366. i. DAGMAR 36, b. 1916.
367. ii. OSCAR, b. 1921.
368. iii. CATHARINA, b. 1926.
Child of CARL and GERTY BORJESSON is:
369. iv. CLAES 36, b. 1942.
302. COUNT OF WISBORG FOLKE BERNADOTTE was born 1895, and died 1948. He married ESTELLE MANVILLE 1928. She was born 1904.
Children of FOLKE and ESTELLE MANVILLE are:
i. BERTIL 36, b. 1925.
ii. GUSTAF, b. 1930; d. 1966.
370. iii. FOLKE, b. 1931.
iv. FREDRIK OSCAR, b. 1934; d. 1934.
303. CROWN PRINCESS MARTHA OF SWEDEN was born 1901, and died 1954. She married KING OF NORWAY OLAV V 1929, son of CHARLES and MAUDE. He was born July 2, 1903 in Appleton House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died January 17, 1991 in Norway.
Children are listed above under (268) Olav V.
304. PRINCESS ASTRID OF SWEDEN was born November 17, 1905, and died August 29, 1935 in Kussnacht, Switzerland. She married KING OF BELGIUM LEOPOLD III November 10, 1926 in Brussels, Belgium, son of ALBERT and ELISABETH. He was born November 3, 1901 in Brussels, Belgium, and died September 25, 1983 in Near Brussels, Belgium.
More About PRINCESS ASTRID OF SWEDEN: Burial: Laeken
More About KING OF BELGIUM LEOPOLD III: Burial: Laeken
Children of ASTRID and LEOPOLD are:
i. JOSEPHINE CHARLOTTE 36, b. 1927; m. GRAND DUKE JEAN OF LUXEMBOURG, 1953; b. 1921.
ii. KING BAUDOUIN I OF THE BELGIANS, b. September 7, 1930, Chateau de, Stuyvenberg; m. FABIOLA DE MORA Y ARAGON, December 15, 1960, Brussels, Belgium; b. June 11, 1928, Madrid, Spain.
371. iii. PRINCE OF LIEGE ALBERT, b. 1934.
305. PRINCE OF SWEDEN CARL GUSTAF OSCAR was born January 10, 1911. He married (1)COUNTESS ELSA VON ROSEN 1937. She was born 1904. He married (2)ANN LARSSON 1954. She was born 1921. He married (3)PRINCESS KRISTINE RIVELSRUD June 8, 1978. She was born April 22, 1932.
Child of CARL and ELSA VON ROSEN is:
372. i. COUNTESS MADELINE BERNADOTTE 36, b. 1938.
306. QUEEN JULIANA OF NETHERLANDS was born April 30, 1909 in The Hague, Netherlands and died March 20, 2004. She married PRINCE BERNHARD OF LIPPE- BIESTERFELD January 7, 1937 in The Hague, Netherlands. He was born June 29, 1911 in Jena.
Children of JULIANA and BERNHARD are:
373. i. QUEEN BEATRIX OF NETHERLANDS 36, b. January 31, 1938, Soetdijk, Palace, Netherlands.
ii. IRENE, b. 1939; m. PRINCE CARLOS HUGO, 1964; b. 1930.
iii. MARGARET, b. 1943; m. PETER VAN VOLLENHOVEN, 1967; b. 1939.
iv. MARY CHRISTINA, b. 1947; m. JORGE GUILLERMO, 1975; b. 1946.
307. KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK IX was born March 11, 1899 in Sorgenfri, Nr: Copenhagen, Denmark, and died January 14, 1972 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He married PRINCESS INGRID VICTORIA OF SWEDEN May 24, 1935 in Stockholm, Sweden, daughter of GUSTAV and MARGARET. She was born March 28, 1910 in Stockholm.
More About KING OF DENMARK FREDERICK IX: Burial: Roskilde, Denmark
Children are listed above under (280) Ingrid Victoria of Sweden.
308. HER. PRINCE KNUD was born 1900, and died 1976. He married CAROLINE MATHILDE 1933, daughter of HAROLD and HELENE. She was born 1912.
Children of KNUD and CAROLINE are:
i. ELIZABETH 36, b. 1935.
ii. INGOLF, b. 1940; m. INGE TERNEY, 1968; b. 1938.
iii. CHRISTIAN, b. 1942; m. ANNE DOROTHY MALTOFT-NIELSEN, 1971; b. 1947.
309. CAROLINE MATHILDE was born 1912. She married HER. PRINCE KNUD 1933, son of CHRISTIAN and ALEXANDRINE. He was born 1900, and died 1976.
Children are listed above under (308) Knud.
310. MARIA PAVLOVNA 35 ROMANOV was born 1890, and died 1958. She married PRINCE OF SWEDEN WILLIAM 1908, son of GUSTAV and VICTORIA. He was born 1884, and died 1965.
Child is listed above under (300) William.
311. GRAND DUKE DMITRI PAVLOVICH 35 ROMANOV was born 1891, and died 1941 in Switzerland. He married AUDREY EMERY 1926 in Biarritz, daughter of JOHN EMERY. She was born 1904.
Child of DMITRI ROMANOV and AUDREY EMERY is:
i. PRINCE ILYNSKY PAUL 36 ROMANOV.
312. PRINCESS OLGA married PRINCE PAUL OF YUGOSLAVIA.
Child of OLGA and PAUL is:
i. SON 36 .
313. PRINCESS MARINA OF GREECE was born November 30, 1906 in Athens, Greece, and died 1968 in Kensington, Palace, England. She married DUKE OF KENT GEORGE EDWARD ALEXANDER WINDSOR November 29, 1934 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, son of GEORGE WINDSOR and MARY. He was born December 20, 1902 in York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died August 25, 1942 in Morven, Scotland.
Children are listed above under (227) George Edward Alexander Windsor.
314. MARGARITA 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1905, and died 1981. She married PRINCE GOTTFRIED OF HOHENLOHE- LAGENBURG 1931. He was born 1897, and died 1960.
Child of MARGARITA MOUNTBATTEN and GOTTFRIED is:
i. FIVE CHILDREN 36 .
315. THEODORA 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1906, and died 1960. She married MARGRAVE BERTHOLD OF BADEN 1931. He was born 1906, and died 1963.
Child of THEODORA MOUNTBATTEN and BERTHOLD is:
i. FOUR CHILDREN 36 .
316. PRINCESS CECILIE OF GREECE 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1911, and died 1937. She married GRAND DUKE GEORGE DONATUS OF HESSE 1931, son of ERNEST and ELEONORE. He was born 1906, and died 1937.
Children are listed above under (272) George Donatus of Hesse.
317. SOPHIA was born 1914. She married (1)PRINCE CHRISTOPHER OF HESSE 1930. He was born 1901, and died 1944. She married (2)PRINCE GEORGE WILLIAM OF HANOVER 1946. He was born 1915.
Child of SOPHIA and GEORGE is:
i. EIGHT CHILDREN 36 .
318. PRINCE PHILIP 35 MOUNTBATTEN was born June 10, 1921 in Isle of Kerkira, Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece. He married QUEEN OF ENGLAND ELIZABETH II ALEXANDRA MARY WINDSOR November 20, 1947 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, daughter of GEORGE WINDSOR and ELIZABETH BOWES-LYON. She was born April 21, 1926 in 17 Bruton St., London, W1, England.
Children are listed above under (289) Elizabeth II Alexandra Mary Windsor.
319. COUNTESS NADEJDA was born 1896, and died 1963. She married MARQUESS GEORGE MOUNTBATTEN, son of LOUIS and VICTORIA. He was born 1892, and died 1938.
Children are listed above under (270) George Mountbatten.
320. GRAND DUKE CYRIL VLADIMIROVITCH 35 ROMANOV was born 1876, and died 1938. He married GRAND DUCHESS VICTORIA MELITA OF EDINBURGH 1905 in Tegernsee, Bavaria, daughter of ALFRED and MARIE. She was born 1876 in Malta, and died 1936.
Children are listed above under (216) Victoria Melita of Edinburgh.
321. GRAND DUCHESS HELEN VLADIMIROVNA OF RUSSIA 35 ROMANOV was born 1882, and died 1957. She married PRINCE NICHOLAS OF GREECE 1902, son of WILLIAM OLDENBURG and OLGA. He was born 1872, and died 1938.
Children are listed above under (245) Nicholas of Greece.
Generation No. 36
322. WILLIAM was born 1906, and died 1940. He married DOROTHEA VON SALVIATI. She was born 1907, and died 1972.
Children of WILLIAM and DOROTHEA VON SALVIATI are:
i. DAU. 1 37 .
ii. DAU. 2.
323. PRINCE LOUIS FERDINAND OF PRUSSIA was born 1907. He married GRAND DUCHESS KIRA OF RUSSIA 1938, daughter of CYRIL ROMANOV and VICTORIA. She was born 1909, and died 1967.
Children are listed above under (276) Kira of Russia.
324. HUBERTUS was born 1909, and died 1950. He married (1)MARIA-ANNA VON HUMBOLDT. She was born 1916. He married (2)MAGDALENE REUSS. She was born 1920.
Children of HUBERTUS and MAGDALENE REUSS are:
i. DAU. 1 37 .
ii. DAU. 2.
325. FREDERICK was born 1911, and died 1966. He married LADY BRIGID GUINNESS. She was born 1920.
Children of FREDERICK and BRIGID GUINNESS are:
i. SON 1 37 .
v. DAU. 2.
326. PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF GREECE was born 1921. She married KING PETER II OF YUGOSLAVIA, son of ALEXANDER and MARIE HOHENZOLLERN. He was born September 6, 1923 in Belgrade, and died 1970.
Child of ALEXANDRA and PETER is:
374. i. CROWN PRINCE ALEXANDER 37, b. 1945.
327. KING OF ROMANIA MICHAEL 36 HOHENZOLLERN was born October 25, 1921 in Pelesch, Sinaia, Romania. He married PRINCESS ANNE OF BOURBON-PARMA June 10, 1948 in Athens, Greece, daughter of RENE and MARGRETHE. She was born September 18, 1923 in Paris, France.
Children of MICHAEL HOHENZOLLERN and ANNE are:
i. PRINCESS MARGARITA OF ROMANIA 37, b. 1949, Lausanne.
375. ii. PRINCESS HELEN OF ROMANIA, b. 1950, Lausanne.
376. iii. PRINCESS IRINA, b. 1953, Lausanne.
iv. PRINCESS SOPHIE, b. 1957.
v. PRINCESS MARIA, b. 1964.
328. SOPHIA OF GREECE 36 OLDENBURG was born 1938. She married KING OF SPAIN JUAN CARLOS 1962, son of DON and MARIA. He was born 1938.
Children of SOPHIA OLDENBURG and JUAN are:
i. HELEN 37, b. 1963.
ii. CHRISTINE, b. 1965.
iii. PRINCE PHILIP OF ASTURIAS, b. 1968.
329. KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE II 36 OLDENBURG was born June 2, 1940 in Psychiko. He married ANNE-MARIE OF DENMARK September 18, 1964 in Athens, Greece, daughter of FREDERICK and INGRID. She was born August 30, 1946 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Children of CONSTANTINE OLDENBURG and ANNE-MARIE are:
i. OLDENBURG 37 .
iii. ALEXIA OLDENBURG, b. 1965.
iv. DUKE PAUL OF SPARTA OLDENBURG, b. 1967.
v. NICHOLAS OLDENBURG, b. 1969.
330. DUKE OF FIFE JAMES GEORGE ALEXANDER 36 CARNEGIE was born 1929. He married HON. CAROLINE DEWAR 1956.
Children of JAMES CARNEGIE and CAROLINE DEWAR are:
i. LADY ALEXANDRA 37 CARNEGIE, b. June 20, 1959. married MARK FLEMING ETHERINGTON May 11, 2001
Their daughter is AMELIA MARY CARNEGIE ETHERINGTON b. December 24, 2001
ii. EARL OF MACDUFF DAVID CHARLES CARNEGIE, b. 1961.
331. PRINCESS RAGNHILD ALEXANDRA was born 1930 in Oslo, Norway. She married ERLING LORENTZEN 1953.
Children of RAGNHILD and ERLING LORENTZEN are:
i. HAAKON 37 LORENTZEN.
iii. RAGNHILD ALEXANDRA LORENTZEN, b. 1968,,,Brazil.
332. PRINCESS ASTRID MAUD INGEBORG was born 1932. She married JOHAN MARTIN FERNER 1961 in Asker, Near Oslo, Norway. He was born 1927.
Children of ASTRID and JOHAN FERNER are:
i. CATHRINE 37 FERNER, b. 1962.
ii. BENEDICKTE FERNER, b. 1963.
iii. ALEXANDER FERNER, b. 1965.
iv. ELISABETH FERNER, b. 1969.
v. CARL CHRISTIAN FERNER, b. 1972.
333. CROWN PRINCE HARALD was born February 21, 1937 in Skaugum, Near Oslo, Norway. He married CROWN PRINCESS SONJA HARALDSEN August 1968 in Oslo Cathedral, Oslo, Norway, daughter of CHARLES AUGUSTUS HARALDSEN. She was born 1937.
Children of HARALD and SONJA HARALDSEN are:
i. PRINCESS MARTHA LOUISE 37, b. 1971.
ii. PRINCE HAAKON OF NORWAY MAGNUS, b. 1973.
334. MARQUESS DAVID OF MILFORD HAVEN 36 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1919, and died April 14, 1970. He married (1)ROMAINE. He married (2)JANET BRYCE.
More About MARQUESS DAVID OF MILFORD HAVEN MOUNTBATTEN: Burial: Whippingham Ch., Isle of Wight, England
Children of DAVID MOUNTBATTEN and ROMAINE are:
i. MARQUESS GEORGE OF MILFORD HAVEN 37 .
ii. LORD IVAR.
335. LADY PATRICIA 36 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1924. She married LORD BRABOURNE JOHN KNATCHBULL ULICK. He was born 1918.
Child of PATRICIA MOUNTBATTEN and JOHN ULICK is:
i. FIVE CHILDREN 37 .
336. LADY PAMELA 36 MOUNTBATTEN was born 1929. She married DAVID HICKS. He was born 1928.
Child of PAMELA MOUNTBATTEN and DAVID HICKS is:
i. TWO CHILDREN 37 .
337. KING PETER II OF YUGOSLAVIA was born September 6, 1923 in Belgrade, and died 1970. He married PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF GREECE, daughter of ALEXANDER OLDENBURG and ASPASIA MANOS. She was born 1921.
Child is listed above under (326) Alexandra of Greece.
338. PRINCE TOMISLAV OF YUGOSLAVIA was born 1928 in Belgrade. He married (1) LINDA BONNEY. He married (2)GRAND DUCHESS ALICE SCHOLASTICA 1957 in Salem, Bavaria.
Child of TOMISLAV and LINDA BONNEY is:
i. GEORGE K. 37 GEORGE, b. 1984.
Children of TOMISLAV and ALICE SCHOLASTICA are:
ii. NIKOLAS K. 37 GEORGE, b. 1958.
iii. KATARINA K. GEORGE, b. 1959.
339. PRINCE ANDREJ OF YUGOSLAVIA was born 1929 in,,Yugoslavia. He married (1)CHRISTINA OF HESSE. He married (2)KIRA MELITA OF LEININGEN, daughter of KARL and MARIA. She was born 1930. He married (3)MITSI.
Children of ANDREJ and CHRISTINA are:
i. TATIANA MARIA 37, b. 1957.
ii. CHRISTOPHER K. GEORGE, b. 1960.
Children of ANDREJ and KIRA are:
iii. VLADIMIR K. 37 GEORGE, b. 1964.
iv. DIMITRYE K. GEORGE, b. 1965, London, England.
340. PRINCE EMICH OF LEININGEN was born 1926. He married DUCHESS EILIKA OF OLDENBERG.
Children of EMICH and EILIKA are:
i. PRINCESS MELITA 37, b. 1951.
ii. PRINCE KARL, b. 1952; m. PRINCESS MARGARITE OF HOHENLOCHE- OCHRINGEN.
377. iii. PRINCE ANDREAS, b. 1955.
iv. PRINCESS STEPHANIE, b. 1958.
341. KIRA MELITA OF LEININGEN was born 1930. She married PRINCE ANDREJ OF YUGOSLAVIA, son of ALEXANDER and MARIE HOHENZOLLERN. He was born 1929 in,,Yugoslavia.
Children are listed above under (339) Andrej of Yugoslavia.
342. PRINCESS MECHTILDE was born 1936. She married KARL BAUSCHER.
Children of MECHTILDE and KARL BAUSCHER are:
i. ULF 37 BAUSCHER, b. 1963.
ii. BERTHOLD BAUSCHER, b. 1965.
iii. JOHAN BAUSCHER, b. 1971.
343. PRINCE FRIEDRICH WILHELM OF PRUSSIA was born 1939. He married (1)WALTRAUD FREYDAG. He married (2)EHRENGARD VON REDEN.
Child of FRIEDRICH and WALTRAUD FREYDAG is:
i. PRINCE PHILIP 37, b. 1968.
Children of FRIEDRICH and EHRENGARD VON REDEN are:
ii. PRINCE FRIEDRICH 37, b. 1979.
iii. PRINCESS VIKTORIA, b. 1982.
iv. PRINCE JOACHIM, b. 1984.
344. PRINCE MICHAEL OF PRUSSIA was born 1939. He married JUTTA JORN.
Children of MICHAEL and JUTTA JORN are:
i. PRINCE MICAELA 37, b. 1967.
ii. PRINCESS NATALY, b. 1970.
345. PRINCE LOUIS FERDINAND OF PRUSSIA was born 1944, and died 1977. He married DONATA OF CASTELL- RUDENHAUSEN.
Children of LOUIS and DONATA are:
i. PRINCE GEORG FRIEDRICH 37, b. 1976.
ii. PRINCESS CORNEILIE-CECILE, b. 1978.
346. PRINCE CHRISTIAN SIGISMUND OF PRUSSIA was born 1946. He married COUNTESS NINA ZU REVENTLOW 1984.
Child of CHRISTIAN and NINA is:
i. DAUGHTER 37 .
347. GRAND DUCHESS MARIA OF RUSSIA was born 1953 in Madrid, Spain, Spain. She married PRINCE FRANZ WILHELM OF PRUSSIA 1976 in Dinard, France. He was born Abt. 1943.
Child of MARIA and FRANZ is:
i. GRAND DUKE GEORGE OF RUSSIA 37, b. 1981,,,Spain.
348. PRINCESS MARGARETHA OF SWEDEN was born October 31, 1934. She married JOHN KENNETH AMBLER June 30, 1964. He was born June 6, 1924.
Children of MARGARETHA and JOHN AMBLER are:
i. SYBILLA LOUISE 37, b. April 14, 1965.
ii. CHARLES EDWARD, b. July 14, 1966.
iii. JAMES PATRICK, b. June 10, 1969.
349. PRINCESS BIRGITTA OF SWEDEN was born January 19, 1937. She married PRINCE JOHANN GEORG OF HOHENZOLLERN May 25, 1961. He was born July 31, 1932.
Children of BIRGITTA and JOHANN are:
i. CARL CHRISTIAN 37, b. April 5, 1962.
ii. DESIREE MARGARETHA VICTORIA, b. November 27, 1963.
iii. HUBERTUS GUSTAF ADOLF, b. June 10, 1966.
350. PRINCESS DESIREE OF SWEDEN was born June 2, 1938. She married BARON NICHOLAS SILFVERSCHIOLD June 5, 1964. He was born May 31, 1934.
Children of DESIREE and NICHOLAS SILFVERSCHIOLD are:
i. CARL OTTO EDMUND 37, b. March 22, 1965.
ii. CHRISTINA LOUISE, b. September 29, 1966.
iii. HELENE INGEBORG, b. September 20, 1968.
351. PRINCESS CHRISTINA LOUISE HELEN was born August 3, 1943. She married TORD GOSTA MAGNUSON June 15, 1974. He was born April 7, 1941.
Children of CHRISTINA and TORD MAGNUSON are:
i. CARL GUSTAF VICTOR 37, b. August 8, 1975.
ii. TORD OSCAR FREDRIK, b. June 20, 1977.
iii. VICTOR EDMUND LENNART, b. September 10, 1980.
352. KING OF SWEDEN CARL XVI GUSTAV was born April 30, 1946 in Haga Castle. He married SILVIA RENATE SOMMERLATH June 19, 1976 in Stockholm, Sweden, daughter of WALTER SOMMERLATH and ALICE DE TOLEDO. She was born December 23, 1943 in Heidelberg, Germany.
Children of CARL and SILVIA SOMMERLATH are:
i. PRINCESS VICTORIA INGRID ALICE 37, b. July 14, 1977.
ii. PRINCE OF SWEDEN CARL PHILIP, b. May 13, 1979.
iii. PRINCESS MADELEINE THERESE AMELIE, b. June 10, 1982.
353. QUEEN OF DENMARK MERGRETHE II was born April 16, 1940 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She married HENRI DE LABORDE June 10, 1967 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was born June 11, 1934 in Talence, Gironde, France.
Children of MERGRETHE and HENRI DE LABORDE are:
i. FREDERICK 37, b. 1968.
ii. JOACHIM, b. 1969.
354. ANNE-MARIE OF DENMARK was born August 30, 1946 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She married KING OF GREECE CONSTANTINE II OLDENBURG September 18, 1964 in Athens, Greece, son of PAUL OLDENBURG and FREDERICA HANOVER. He was born June 2, 1940 in Psychiko.
Children are listed above under (329) Constantine II Oldenburg.
355. KING OF SPAIN JUAN CARLOS was born 1938. He married SOPHIA OF GREECE OLDENBURG 1962, daughter of PAUL OLDENBURG and FREDERICA HANOVER. She was born 1938.
Children are listed above under (328) Sophia of Greece Oldenburg.
356. PRINCE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF HANOVER 36 HANOVER was born 1954. He married CHANTAL HOCHULI. She was born in,Switzerland.
Children of ERNEST HANOVER and CHANTAL HOCHULI are:
i. ERNEST AUGUSTUS 37 HANOVER, b. 1983.
ii. CHRISTIAN HEINRICH HANOVER, b. 1985.
357. PRINCE LUDWIG RUDOLPH 36 HANOVER was born November 28, 1955, and died November 29, 1989. He married COUNTESS ISABELLA VALSASSINA VON THURN September 1988. She was born 1962, and died November 29, 1989.
More About PRINCE LUDWIG RUDOLPH HANOVER: Burial: December 2, 1989, Grunau, Austria
More About COUNTESS ISABELLA VALSASSINA VON THURN: Burial: December 2, 1989, Grunau, Austria
Child of LUDWIG HANOVER and ISABELLA VON THURN is:
i. OTTO 37 HANOVER, b. 1988.
358. PRINCE CHARLES PHILIP ARTHUR 36 WINDSOR was born November 14, 1948 in Buckingham, Palace, London, England. He married LADY DIANA FRANCES SPENCER July 29, 1981 in St. Paul's, Cathedral, London, England, daughter of EDWARD SPENCER and FRANCES BURKE ROCHE. She was born July 1, 1961 in Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England, and died August 31, 1997 in Paris, France. They divorced August 28, 1996. CHARLES married CAMILLA ROSEMARY SHAND PARKER BOWLES on April 9, 2005. She was was born on July 17, 1947 in London.
More About PRINCE CHARLES PHILIP ARTHUR WINDSOR: Christening: December 15, 1948, Buckingham, Palace, Music Room, England
More About LADY DIANA FRANCES SPENCER: Christening: Sandringham, Church, Norfolk, England. Died in motor accident in Paris, France on August 31, 1997.
More About CAMILLA ROSEMARY SHAND PARKER BOWLES: Camilla married Andrew Parker Bowles in July, 1973. They divorced on March 3, 1995. She has two children Tom born in 1974 and Laura born in 1979.
Children of CHARLES WINDSOR and DIANA SPENCER are:
i. PRINCE WILLIAM ARTHUR PHILIP 37 WINDSOR , b. June 21, 1982, St. Mary's Hosp., Paddington, London, England. He married CATHERINE ELIZABETH MIDDLETON on April 29, 2011 at Westminster Abbey, London, daughter of MICHAEL MIDDLETON and CAROLE GOLDSMITH. She was born January 9, 1982, at Royal Berkshire Hospital, England.
More About PRINCE WILLIAM ARTHUR PHILIP WINDSOR: Christening: August 4, 1982, Music Room, Buckingham, Palace, England
ii. PRINCE HENRY CHARLES ALBERT WINDSOR , b. September 15, 1984, St. Mary's Hosp., Paddington, London, England.
359. PRINCESS ANNE ELIZABETH ALICE 36 WINDSOR was born August 15, 1950 in Clarence House, St. James, England. She married (1) CAPTAIN MARK ANTHONY PETER PHILLIPS on November 14, 1973 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, son of MAJOR PETER PHILLIPS. He was born September 22, 1948. They divorced April 28, 1992. She married (2) Commander TIMOTHY LAURENCE on December 12, 1992.
More About PRINCESS ANNE ELIZABETH ALICE WINDSOR: Christening: October 21, 1950
Children of ANNE WINDSOR and MARK PHILLIPS are:
i. PETER MARK ANDREW 37 PHILLIPS , b. November 15, 1977, St. Mary's Hosp., Paddington, London, England. He married AUTUMN PATRICIA KELLY on May 17, 2008, at St George's Chapel Windsor. She was born May 3, 1978 in Montreal, Canada.
More About PETER MARK ANDREW PHILLIPS: Christening: December 22, 1977, Music Room, Buckingham, Palace, England
ii. ZARA ANNE ELIZABETH PHILLIPS , b. May 15, 1981, St. Marys Hosp., Paddington, London, England. She married MICHAEL JAMES TINDALL on July 30, 2011, at Canongate Kirk, Edinburgh,, Scotland, son of PHILIP TINDALL. He was born October 18, 1978, in Otley, Yorkshire,
360. DUKE OF YORK ANDREW ALBERT CHRISTIAN 36 WINDSOR was born February 19, 1960 in Belgian Suite, Buckingham, Palace, England. He married DUCHESS OF YORK SARAH MARGARET FERGUSON July 23, 1986 in Westminster, Abbey, London, England, daughter of RONALD FERGUSON and SUSAN WRIGHT. She was born October 15, 1959 in 27 Welbech St., Marylebone, London, England. They divorced on May 30, 1996.
Children of ANDREW WINDSOR and SARAH FERGUSON are:
ii. PRINCESS EUGENIE VICTORIA HELENA WINDSOR , b. March 23, 1990, London, England.
More About PRINCESS EUGENIE VICTORIA HELENA WINDSOR: Christening: December 23, 1990, Sandringham, England
360A. PRINCE EDWARD ANTHONY RICHARD WINDSOR was born. March 10, 1964, at Buckingham, Palace, London, England. Christened May 2, 1964. He married SOPHIE RHYS-JONES June 19, 1999 in St Geroges Chapel, Windsor. She was born January 20, 1965 in Oxford, England.
Children of EDWARD WINDSOR and SOPHIE RHYS-JONES is:
ii. JAMES ALEXANDER PHILIP THEO MOUNTBATTEN-WINDSOR b. December 17, 2007
360B. VISCOUNT LINLEY, DAVID ALBERT CHARLES ARMSTRONG-JONES, b. November 3, 1961. He married SERENA ALLEYNE STANHOPE on October 8, 1993. St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, London. She was born on May 1, 1970 in Limerick, Ireland.
Children of DAVID ARMSTRONG-JONES and SERENA STANHOPE are:
i. Hon. CHARLES PATRICK INIGO ARMSTRONG-JONES born Portland Hospital, Great Portland Street, London, July 1st, 1999
ii. Lady MARGARITA ELIZABETH ROSE ALLEYNE ARMSTRONG-JONES born May 14, 2002
360C. LADY SARAH FRANCES ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG-JONES, b. May 1, 1964. She married DANIEL CHATTO on July 14, 1994. He was born April 22, 1957.
Children of SARAH ARMSTRONG-JONES and DANIEL CHATTO are:
i. SAMUEL DAVID BENEDICT CHATTO, b. July 28, 1996, London
ii .ARTHUR ROBERT NATHANIEL CHATTO, b. February 5, 1999, London
361. VISCOUNT DAVID 36 LASCELLES was born 1950. He married MARGARET MESSENGER 1979.
Children of DAVID LASCELLES and MARGARET MESSENGER are:
i. HON. EMILY 37, b. 1976.
ii. HON. BENJAMIN, b. 1978.
iii. HON. ALEXANDER LASCELLES, b. 1980.
iv. EDWARD LASCELLES, b. 1982.
362. HON. JAMES 36 LASCELLES was born 1953. He married FREDERICKA ANN DUHRRSON 1973.
Children of JAMES LASCELLES and FREDERICKA DUHRRSON are:
i. SOPHIE 37 LASCELLES, b. 1973.
ii. ROWAN LASCELLES, b. 1977.
363. HON. JEREMY 36 LASCELLES was born 1955. He married JULIE BAYLISS 1981.
Children of JEREMY LASCELLES and JULIE BAYLISS are:
i. THOMAS 37 LASCELLES, b. 1982.
ii. ELLEN LASCELLES, b. 1984.
364. MARINA VICTORIA ALEXANDRA 36 OGILVY was born July 31, 1966 in Thatched House, Lodge, Richmond Park, England. She married PAUL MOWATT February 1990. He was born.1962. They separated in 1996.
Child of MARINA OGILVY and PAUL MOWATT is
i. ZENOUSKA MOWATT 37, b. May 26, 1990
ii. CHRISTIAN MOWATT b. 1993
365. COUNT OF WISBORG LENNART GUSTAF NICHOLAS was born May 8, 1909 in Stockholm, Sweden. He married (1) KARIN EMMA LOUISE NISSVANDT March 11, 1932 in London, England. She was born July 7, 1911 in Nora, Sweden. He married (2) COUNTESS SONJA ANITA MARIA HAUNTZ April 29, 1972. She was born May 7, 1944.
Children of LENNART and KARIN NISSVANDT are:
378. i. BIRGITTA 37, b. 1933.
379. ii. MARIE LOUISE, b. 1935.
380. iii. JAN, b. 1941.
iv. CECILIA, b. 1944; m. HANS-JORG BAENKLER, 1967; b. 1939.
Children of LENNART and SONJA HAUNTZ are:
v. BETTINA 37, b. 1974.
vi. BJORN, b. 1975.
vii. CATHERINA, b. 1977.
366. DAGMAR was born 1916. She married NILS MAGNUS VON ARBIN 1936. He was born 1910.
Children of DAGMAR and NILS VON ARBIN are:
381. i. MARIANNE 37 VON ARBIN, b. 1937.
382. ii. LOUISE VON ARBIN, b. 1940.
383. iii. CATHERINE VON ARBIN, b. 1946.
iv. JEANETTE VON ARBIN, b. 1951; m. ESBEN COLJACH, 1976; b. 1947.
v. MADELEINE VON ARBIN, b. 1955.
367. OSCAR was born 1921. He married (1)EBBA GYLLENKROK 1944. She was born 1918. He married (2) GERTRUDE OLLEN 1950. She was born 1916.
Child of OSCAR and EBBA GYLLENKROK is:
384. i. EBBA 37, b. 1945.
Children of OSCAR and GERTRUDE OLLEN are:
ii. CHRISTINA 37, b. 1951; m. BARON PETER LANGENSKIOLD, 1977; b. 1950.
iii. BIRGITTA, b. 1953.
370. FOLKE was born 1931. He married CHRISTINE GLAHNS 1955. She was born 1932.
Children of FOLKE and CHRISTINE GLAHNS are:
i. ANNA 37, b. 1956.
ii. FOLKE, b. 1958.
iv. GUNNAR, b. 1963.
371. PRINCE OF LIEGE ALBERT was born 1934. He married PAOLA DI CALABRIA RUFFO 1959. She was born 1937.
Children of ALBERT and PAOLA RUFFO are:
i. PHILIPPE 37, b. 1960.
ii. ASTRID, b. 1962; m. ARCHDUKE LORENZ OF AUSTRIA-ESTE; b. 1955.
iii. LAURENT, b. 1963.
372. COUNTESS MADELINE BERNADOTTE was born 1938. She married COUNT CHARLES DE SCHOOTEN ULLENS 1962. He was born 1927.
Children of MADELINE and CHARLES ULLENS are:
i. MARIE CHRISTINE 37 ULLENS, b. 1964.
ii. JEAN CHARLES ULLENS, b. 1965.
iii. ASTRID ULLENS, b. 1970.
iv. SOPHIE ULLENS, b. 1972.
373. QUEEN BEATRIX OF NETHERLANDS was born January 31, 1938 in Soetdijk, Palace, Netherlands. She married CLAUS VON AMSBERG March 10, 1966 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, son of CLAUS VON AMSBERG and GOSTA VON DEM BUSSCHE-. He was born September 6, 1926 in Dotzingen.
Children of BEATRIX and CLAUS VON AMSBERG are:
i. PRINCE OF ORANGE WILLIAM ALEXANDER 37, b. 1967.
ii. JOHN FRISO, b. 1968.
iii. CONSTANTINE, b. 1969.
374. CROWN PRINCE ALEXANDER was born 1945. He married PRINCESS DONA MARIA DA GLORIA.
Children of ALEXANDER and DONA are:
i. PRINCE PETER OF YUGOSLAVIA 38, b. 1980, U.S.A..
ii. PRINCE PHILIP OF YUGOSLAVIA, b. 1982, Washington D.C., U.S.A..
iii. PRINCE ALEXANDER OF YUGOSLAVIA, b. 1982, Washington D.C., U.S.A..
375. PRINCESS HELEN OF ROMANIA was born 1950 in Lausanne. She married PROFESSOR ROBIN MEDFORTH-MILLS 1983.
Child of HELEN and ROBIN MEDFORTH-MILLS is:
i. NICHOLAS 38 MEDFORTH-MILLS, b. 1985.
376. PRINCESS IRINA was born 1953 in Lausanne. She married JOHN KREUGER 1984.
Child of IRINA and JOHN KREUGER is:
i. MICHAEL 38 KREUGER, b. 1985.
377. PRINCE ANDREAS was born 1955. He married PRINCESS ALEXANDRA OF HANOVER.
Child of ANDREAS and ALEXANDRA is:
i. PRINCE FERDINAND 38, b. 1982.
378. BIRGITTA was born 1933. She married FRIEDRICH STRAEHL 1955. He was born 1922.
Children of BIRGITTA and FRIEDRICH STRAEHL are:
i. FRIEDRICH 38 STRAEHL, b. 1956.
ii. ANDREAS STRAEHL, b. 1957.
iii. CHRISTINA STRAEHL, b. 1960.
iv. DESIREE STRAEHL, b. 1961.
v. STEPHAN STRAEHL, b. 1964.
379. MARIE LOUISE was born 1935. She married RUDOLF KAUTZ 1956. He was born 1930.
Children of MARIE and RUDOLF KAUTZ are:
i. HEINRICH 38 KAUTZ, b. 1957.
ii. KARIN KAUTZ, b. 1958.
iii. MADELEINE KAUTZ, b. 1961.
380. JAN was born 1941. He married (1)GUNILLA STAMPE 1965. She was born 1941. He married (2) ANNA SKARNE 1967. She was born 1944. He married (3) ANNEGRET THOMSSEN 1972. She was born 1938. He married (4) MARITTA BERG 1975. She was born 1953.
Child of JAN and ANNA SKARNE is:
i. SOPHIA 38, b. 1968.
Child of JAN and ANNEGRET THOMSSEN is:
ii. CECILIA 38, b. 1971.
Child of JAN and MARITTA BERG is:
iii. SON 38, b. 1977.
381. MARIANNE 37 VON ARBIN was born 1937. She married CAPT. MILES FLACH 1958. He was born 1934.
Child of MARIANNE VON ARBIN and MILES FLACH is:
i. CAMILLA 38 FLACH, b. 1960.
382. LOUISE 37 VON ARBIN was born 1940. She married DICK BERGSTROM 1961. He was born 1936.
Children of LOUISE VON ARBIN and DICK BERGSTROM are:
i. THERESE 38 BERGSTROM, b. 1963.
ii. MICHAEL BERGSTROM, b. 1965.
383. CATHERINE 37 VON ARBIN was born 1946. She married JOHAN RYDING 1970. He was born 1943.
Children of CATHERINE VON ARBIN and JOHAN RYDING are:
i. GUSTAF 38 RYDING, b. 1971.
ii. CHARLOTTE RYDING, b. 1974.
384. EBBA was born 1945. She married PONTUS REUTERSWARD 1970. He was born 1943.
Children of EBBA and PONTUS REUTERSWARD are:
i. GUSTAF 38 REUTERSWARD, b. 1971.
ii. ANNA REUTERSWARD, b. 1973.
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More familiar for television roles, who played King Edward the First in the film “Braveheart”? | Braveheart Movie Review & Film Summary (1995) | Roger Ebert
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Mel Gibson's "Braveheart" is a full-throated, red-blooded battle epic about William Wallace, the legendary Scots warrior who led his nation into battle against the English in the years around 1300. It's an ambitious film, big on simple emotions like love, patriotism and treachery, and avoids the travelogue style of so many historical swashbucklers: Its locations look green, wet, vast, muddy and rugged.
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Not much is known about Wallace, known as Braveheart, except that according to an old epic poem, he unified the clans of Scotland and won famous battles against the English before being captured, tortured and executed as a traitor.
Wallace's dying cry, as his body was stretched on the rack, was "freedom!" That isn't exactly based on fact (the concept of personal freedom was a concept not much celebrated in 1300), but it doesn't stop Gibson from making it his dying cry. It fits in with the whole glorious sweep of "Braveheart," which is an action epic with the spirit of the Hollywood swordplay classics and the grungy ferocity of "The Road Warrior." What people are going to remember from the film are the battle scenes, which are frequent, bloody and violent. Just from a technical point of view, "Braveheart" does a brilliant job of massing men and horses for large-scale warfare on film. Gibson deploys what look like thousands of men on horseback, as well as foot soldiers, archers and dirty tricks specialists, and yet his battle sequences don't turn into confusing crowd scenes: We understand the strategy, and we enjoy the tactics even while we're doubting some of them (did 14th century Scots really set battlefields aflame?).
Gibson is not filming history here, but myth. William Wallace may have been a real person, but "Braveheart" owes more to Prince Valiant, Rob Roy and Mad Max. Once we understand that this is not a solemn historical reconstruction (and that happens pretty fast), we accept dialogue that might otherwise have an uncannily modern tone, as when Braveheart issues his victory ultimatum to the English: "Scotland's terms are that your commander present himself in front of our army, put his head between his legs and kiss his - - -." Uh, huh.
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In the film, Wallace's chief antagonist is King Edward I ("Longshanks"), played by Patrick McGoohan with sly cunning; he is constantly giving his realpolitik interpretation of events, and that's all the more amusing since he's usually guessing wrong.
Edward's son, the Prince of Wales (Peter Hanly), is an effete fop who marries a French woman only for political reasons. "I may have to conceive the child myself!" Longshanks says, and indeed, under the medieval concept of prima nocte, or "first night," nobles were allowed a first chance to sleep with the wives of their lessers.
The Princess, played by the French actress Sophie Marceau , does not much admire her husband, who spends most of his time hanging about moon-eyed with his best friend (until the king, in a fit of impatience, hurls the friend out the castle window).
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Edward, smarting from defeats, dispatches the Princess to offer his terms to Braveheart, but soon she's spilling all the state secrets, "because of the way you look at me." The Princess is the second love in Wallace's life; the first, his childhood sweetheart Murron ( Catherine McCormack ), marries him in secret (so the local English lord won't claim his rights). The two spend their wedding night outdoors, and the backlit shot as they embrace gains something, I think, from the frost on their breaths.
These characters come from hardened stock. (When Wallace has a reunion with his childhood pal Hamish, they hurl rocks at each other for entertainment; later, when a Scotsman has his wound cauterized, all he says is, "That'll wake you up in the morning, boy!") It is sometimes seen as an egotistical gesture when actors direct themselves, especially in heroic epics costing (so they say) $53 million. The truth is, given this material, I do not know that anyone could have directed it better. Gibson marshals his armies of extras, his stunt men and his special effects, and creates a fictional world that is entertaining, and thrilling.
And as Braveheart, Gibson plays his role with flamboyance, and cuts it with sly humor. He is an amazing battlefield strategist, inventing new strategies and weapons, outsmarting the English at every turn, leading his men into battle with his face painted blue, like a football fan. There is a scene where he is so pumped up with the scent of battle that his nostrils flare; not many actors could get away with that, but Gibson can.
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| Patrick McGoohan |
Which aircraft company made the Bobcat and Tomcat models? | CAST OF BRAVEHEART
CAST OF BRAVEHEART
Cast Of Braveheart
braveheart
Braveheart is a 1995 American epic drama film directed by and starring Mel Gibson. The film was written for the screen and then novelized by Randall Wallace.
Bravehearts are an East Coast hip-hop group from the Queensbridge housing projects in New York City. The group's roster originally included Jungle (son of jazz trumpeter Olu Dara and younger brother of hip hop star Nas) (born Jabari Jones), Wiz (born Mike Epps), and Horse (born E. Gray).
where Gibson plays a brave Scottish warrior fighting against the English oppressors.
cast
Direct (one's eyes or a look) at something
the actors in a play
Throw (something) so as to cause it to spread over an area
project: put or send forth; "She threw the flashlight beam into the corner"; "The setting sun threw long shadows"; "cast a spell"; "cast a warm light"
deposit; "cast a vote"; "cast a ballot"
Throw (something) forcefully in a specified direction
cast of braveheart - Braveheart
Braveheart
Director/star Mel Gibson took home Best Picture and Best Director Academy Awards for this historical epic about 13th-century Scottish hero William Wallace, a farmer forced into fighting the forces of England's King Edward I after they kill his father and new wife. Highlighted by amazing battle scenes, the passionate saga also stars Patrick McGoohan, Sophie Marceau, and Catherine McCormick. 177 min. Widescreen (Enhanced); Soundtracks: English Dolby Digital 5.1, Dolby Digital Surround, French Dolby Digital Surround; Subtitles: English; audio commentary by Gibson; "making of" documentary; theatrical trailers. NOTE: This Title Is Out Of Print; Limit One Per Customer.
A stupendous historical saga, Braveheart won five Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director for star Mel Gibson. He plays William Wallace, a 13th-century Scottish commoner who unites the various clans against a cruel English King, Edward the Longshanks (Patrick McGoohan). The scenes of hand-to-hand combat are brutally violent, but they never glorify the bloodshed. There is such enormous scope to this story that it works on a smaller, more personal scale as well, essaying love and loss, patriotism and passion. Extremely moving, it reveals Gibson as a multitalented performer and remarkable director with an eye for detail and an understanding of human emotion. (His first directorial effort was 1993's Man Without a Face.) The film is nearly three hours long and includes several plot tangents, yet is never dull. This movie resonates long after you have seen it, both for its visual beauty and for its powerful story. --Rochelle O'Gorman
Alun Armstrong
Alun Armstrong (born 17 July 1946) is a prolific British character actor. Armstrong grew up in County Durham in North East England. He first became interested in acting through Shakespeare productions at his grammar school. Since his career began in the early 1970s, he has played, in his words, "the full spectrum of characters from the grotesque to musicals... I always play very colourful characters, often a bit crazy, despotic, psychotic."[1] His numerous credits include seven different Dickens adaptations and eight series as eccentric ex-detective Brian Lane in New Tricks. Armstrong is also an accomplished stage actor who spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He originated the role of Thenardier in the London production of Les Miserables and he won an Olivier Award for playing the title role in Sweeney Todd. Alun Armstrong was born in Annfield Plain, near Stanley, County Durham.[2] His father was a coal miner and both his parents were Methodist lay preachers.[1] He attended Annfield Plain Junior School[3] and then went on to Consett Grammar School, where a teacher inspired him to try acting. In the lower sixth, he played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew – a role he would later perform with the Royal Shakespeare Company.[4] He took part in the National Youth Theatre summer school in 1964, but his background and his northern accent made him feel out of place.[2] Armstrong auditioned for the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art but was not accepted.[3] He instead studied fine art at Newcastle University.[4] He found the course pretentious and felt that he did not fit in, and he was expelled after two years because he stopped attending classes.[1][2] Armstrong had jobs with a bricklayer and as a gravedigger before he decided to try acting again. He started out by working as an assistant stage manager at the Cambridge Arts Theatre. He then went on to a Theatre in Education company affiliated with the Sheffield Repertory Theatre, and he performed in several Radio 4 dramas.[2] [edit]Career [edit]Film Armstrong made his screen debut in the 1971 film Get Carter.[5] He wrote a letter to MGM when he learned they were making the film in Newcastle, and he was invited to meet director Mike Hodges, who wanted to cast local actors.[6] Armstrong has appeared in a number of films, although in this medium he has usually played supporting roles. In the 1977 film A Bridge Too Far, he had a small role as one of the British troops at the Battle of Arnhem.[7] He had a supporting role as the bandit leader Torquil in the 1983 fantasy film Krull.[8] In Patriot Games (1992), Armstrong played an SO-13 officer. In Braveheart (1995), he played the Scottish noble Mornay who betrayed William Wallace.[9] He was the villainous Egyptian cult leader Baltus Hafez in The Mummy Returns (2001),[10] and he portrayed Saint Peter with a Geordie accent in Millions (2004).[11] He also had small roles as the High Constable in Sleepy Hollow (1999),[12] Cardinal Jinette in Van Helsing (2004)[13], Magistrate Fang in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist (2005) and Uncle Garrow in Eragon (2006).[14] [edit]Television Armstrong has played over 80 different roles in television productions in the course of his career.[15] During the 1970s, he appeared in various TV series, including episodes of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?, Porridge[16] and The Sweeney.[17] In 1975, he was cast in two mini-series dealing with coal miners in North East England. He played Joe Gowlan in The Stars Look Down based on the novel by A. J. Cronin,[18] and he appeared in Ken Loach's Days of Hope set in his native County Durham.[19] In a 2007 interview, Armstrong singled out Days of Hope as a favourite: "I loved that because it was my own history and background that was being dramatised and, in a way, nothing gets better than that."[1] In the comedy series A Sharp Intake of Breath, he played a variety of characters who complicate the life of the main character played by David Jason.[20] In 1977, he was the strict Deputy Headmaster in Willy Russell's Our Day Out, a television play about a group of underprivileged students on a daytrip.[21] He also starred in the 1981 Yorkshire Television drama Get Lost![22] Armstrong has portrayed a number of characters from the works of Charles Dickens. He played Wackford Squeers and Mr. Wagstaff in an eight-hour stage performance of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby that was filmed for television in 1982.[23] He has appeared in two versions of Oliver Twist: the 1999 ITV mini-series as Agnes Fleming's father Captain Fleming[24] and the 2005 Roman Polanski film as Magistrate Fang.[25] He has had roles in four BBC Dickens adaptations: as Daniel Peggotty in David Copperfield (1999);[26] as Inspector Bucket in Bleak House (2005);[27] as Jeremiah and Ephraim Flintwinch in Little Dorrit (2008);[28] and as Hiram Grewgious in The Mystery of Edwin Drood (2012).[29] Armstrong has been a fan of Dickens since
Jackboots on Whitehall
Edward and Rory McHenry, British brothers making their debut as writer-helmers, reinvent WWII with "Jackboots on Whitehall," a witty puppet animation that sees the titular Nazi footwear stomping over the heart of England. Echoing the flip humor and lo-fi artistry of Trey Parker and Matt Stone's "Team America: World Police," pic employs a stellar voice cast to enliven the heroically revisionist war story. Iconoclastic comic tone should resonate with squadrons, if not armies, of U.K. moviegoers, while foreign landings will rely on niche-aud appreciation of an unapologetically British sensibility. Echoing Quentin Tarantino's "Inglourious Basterds," "Jackboots on Whitehall" floats an alternative history of WWII, in which the British army was not successfully rescued from Dunkirk in 1940 but instead stranded in northern France. Its air force destroyed in the Battle of Britain, the nation prepares for a Nazi invasion. Irreverent, joyfully silly comic tone is established from the get-go with the introduction of meaty-fingered Kent farmer Chris (voiced by Ewan McGregor), "a village orphan with fat, retarded hands." Chris is sweet on vicar's daughter Daisy (Rosamund Pike), a volunteer with the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY), and he is handed a lucky break when his rival, a conceited Royal Air Force veteran, is amusingly killed, mid-boastful oration, by a stray German bomb. Chris' physical abnormality has prevented his being called up, but he gets his chance at action when the Germans tunnel under the English Channel right into London's Trafalgar Square, and Churchill (Timothy Spall) calls for heroic resistance from the last men standing. The plan is to retreat north to Hadrian's Wall, where the resistance can begin. Like "Team America," "Jackboots on Whitehall" is strongest when it's being randomly and perversely funny, and weakest when it gets bogged down in lengthy action setpieces. The grotesque depiction of Himmler (Richard O'Brien), Goebbels (Tom Wilkinson) and Goering (Richard Griffiths) works as both knockabout comedy and satire of previous Hollywood depictions of the Nazi elite. The ace card arrives late in the game, with the introduction of an Australian-accented, woad-painted Scottish braveheart (Alan Cumming) who brings his lethal weapons to the aid of the party. Film is very much a labor of love for the sibling helmers, who are both in their 20s. It's also a family affair, with father David McHenry credited as production designer, and more brothers, Dominic and Jack McHenry, toiling as puppeteers. The hand-crafted approach recalls the earthy charm, if not the sophisticated execution, of Blighty's premier animation house, Aardman. Since Scottish McGregor's sole contribution is his voice, his appearance as an English-accented war hero seems especially eccentric, even by the perverse casting traditions of WWII movies. Of course, if the pic were to truly ape the classic conventions of the genre, Chris would have been played by an American. A Media 8 Entertainment, Entertainment Motion Pictures presentation of a McHenry Bros. production in association with Matador, MIG Arcadia, Swipe Films. (International sales: Media 8 Entertainment, Sherman Oaks, Calif.) Produced by Karl Richards, Patrick Scoffin. Executive producers, Lucas Klein, Debbie McWilliams, Adrian Politowski, Gilles Waterkeyn, Frank Mannion, Tim Muhlenbach, Ibon Cormenzana, Ignasi Estape, Nigel Thomas, Charlotte Walls. Co-producers, Peter Bevan, Jamie English. Co-executive producers, Patrick Black, Howard Cheung. Directed, written by Edward McHenry, Rory McHenry. Charles Gant VARIETY 24 June 2010
cast of braveheart
Director/star Mel Gibson took home Best Picture and Best Director Academy Awards for this historical epic about 13th-century Scottish hero William Wallace, a farmer forced into fighting the forces of England's King Edward I after they kill his father and new wife. Highlighted by amazing battle scenes, the passionate saga also stars Patrick McGoohan, Sophie Marceau, and Catherine McCormick. 177 min. Widescreen (Enhanced); Soundtracks: English Dolby Digital 5.1, Dolby Digital Surround, French Dolby Digital Surround; Subtitles: English; audio commentary by Gibson; "making of" documentary; theatrical trailers. NOTE: This Title Is Out Of Print; Limit One Per Customer.
A stupendous historical saga, Braveheart won five Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director for star Mel Gibson. He plays William Wallace, a 13th-century Scottish commoner who unites the various clans against a cruel English King, Edward the Longshanks (Patrick McGoohan). The scenes of hand-to-hand combat are brutally violent, but they never glorify the bloodshed. There is such enormous scope to this story that it works on a smaller, more personal scale as well, essaying love and loss, patriotism and passion. Extremely moving, it reveals Gibson as a multitalented performer and remarkable director with an eye for detail and an understanding of human emotion. (His first directorial effort was 1993's Man Without a Face.) The film is nearly three hours long and includes several plot tangents, yet is never dull. This movie resonates long after you have seen it, both for its visual beauty and for its powerful story. --Rochelle O'Gorman
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Although they had 9 number ones in their home country, which Dutch group’s only UK hit was “Radar Love”? | Golden Earring Story - The Eighties
2020
The Eighties
1980 - The band has a contract for one more record for Polydor and so Prisoner Of The Night was recorded. It contains several fine rocksongs like Long Blond Animal and No For An Answer. This time the album was (again on low budget!) recorded at the Golden Earring Workshop Zoetermeer with the Mira Sound Mobile studio and mixed at Soundpush studio's Blaricum, Holland by John Kriek and George Kooymans. The release date for the album was September 12, 1980, exactly 15 years after the release of their first single Please Go.
Although the band has put out several fine albums over the years, Golden Earring has not always had an easy time staying consistent from album to album. This 1980 effort was one of the rare instances in the Golden Earring catalog in which the group takes a good album, No Promises... No Debts, and actually improves on it. Like the aforementioned album, Prisoner of the night presents a collection of songs that combine pop hooks and hard rock muscle in a radio-friendly way. However, Golden Earring improves on this style instead of recycling it: The guitar riffs hit harder, the hooks are catchier, and the arrangements are more willing to toss an occasional left turn at the listener while still managing to keep the songs lean and exciting. Good examples include the single "No For An Answer" which combines a muscular array of guitar riffs and a frenetic hard rock tempo with a killer singalong chorus, and "My Town", an amped-up slice of driving power pop that is worthy of Cheap Trick. However, the finest of the rockers is "Long Blond Animal," which combines a stomping beat, a circular guitar riff, and another infectious chorus to create a blood-pumping rocker that is as catchy as it is invigorating. Some of the other songs don't quite hit the manic highs of these standout tracks, but everything is well-arranged and features unexpected twists that keeps things fresh (i.e., the new wave synthesizer riff that pops up out of nowhere midway through the power ballad "Will And Mercy"). The end result is one of the finest albums of Golden Earring's career. It's a required listen for the group's fans and an album that is likely to win over any pop/rock devotee who gives it a spin. The album Prisoner Of The Night was also released in the USA but with a different title ‘Long Blond Animal’ named after one of the albumtracks.
The for July 19, 1980 scheduled concert in Den Haag at the Maliepop open air festival had to be postponed till next day because of heavy rain. The other bands programmed for the Maliepop concert on July 20 were New Adventures, Gruppo Sportivo, Urban Heroes, Tutti Frutti, Dr. Pop, Iquana. The Maliepop festival was organised by Leen Visser, stagemanager Maarten Baggerman and Rob Gerritsen. Maliepop was named after the location Malieveld and was the predecessor of the now wellknown Parkpop festival which is organised annualy from Summer 1981 on at the The Hague Zuiderpark. This park is located very near to the neighbourhood George Kooymans and Rinus Gerritsen spent their childhood.
The track Long Blond Animal was released on single in September 1980, entered the Dutch Top 40 on September 20, 1980 on position 35 and became a minor hit only as it reached chart position 19 and a total of 7 weeks in the charts. The b-side from the Long Blond Animal single is Triple Treat. It's a single only track which is not available on any original Golden Earring album. The next single No For An Answer (Released November 1980) did it even more worse as it reached the Tipparade only....
Polydor released another compilation album on lp and cassette called Greatest Hits 3. This album had the working title 15 years Golden Earring but was renamed.
In February 1980 the first lp by the New Adventures was released which was produced by George Kooymans. Earlier on several singles were released (New Adventures, Come On, Late Late Show and Backdoor Lover). The Chuck Berry cover "Come On" was the most successful of them all. All the singles were also produced by George as well.
George Kooymans can also be heard on the in 1980 released lp "Wait A Minute" by Herman Brood. He played guitar and did additional vocals on the track Girl Of My Dreams. George Kooymans also performed on guitar at the Warren Harry single release "Welcome To Judy's World" (Catalogue info: Polydor 2050 637)
Cesar Zuiderwijk was the drummer on the Maywood lp release "Maywood" (EMI label, label number 062-26521). From this album 4 (!) singles were released called: Mother how are you today, Late at night, Give me back my love and You treated me wrong.
On October 05 1980 Rinus Gerritsen was present at a Golden Earring fan happening in Epe. More info about this fan event is welcome but here is a nice picture of fans asking Rinus Gerritsen some questions. There was also a quiz.
(Photo Roel Vinkes used with kind permission.
In 1974 Bertus Borgers, a guest player on several Golden Earring releases and horn player on their 1974 USA tours, went into the studio and recorded a demo for his first solo album. Just after these recordings he went with Golden Earring on their 1974 USA tours. The recordings stayed on the shelf. Later on Bertus Borgers started a new band called Sweet d'Buster with Robert Jan Stips which did split in 1980. In 1980 he released his demo recordings. When you take a closer look at the participating guest musicians you'll find the names Chè Chu De Viecg on drums (Cesar), Robo Switch (Robert Jan Stips), Rus Garoedsen on bass (Rinus Gerritsen) and Co Schnelling on guitar (Eelco Gelling)!
1981 - On February 21, 1981 another Golden Earring fanclub day was held. This time at the Don Bosco youthcentre, Zoeterwoude, Holland. About 900 fans attended the event and the band oversaw them from the roof of the building. Don Bosco is the former rehearsel place of the band. Video's were shown as well as the Eight Miles High movie. All 4 members were attending and performed a miniconcert (3 songs and encore). Also there was a performance by the group Strezs and a lottery.
The band seriously thought about quitting the music scene. Despite that fact Golden Earring sounded heavily inspired on the in Roosendaal, Holland recorded double live lp Second Live. This live album (on Polydor Records again) has a good and much more energetic sound than the first live double lp. Slow Down was released on single in June 1981 but only made it into the tipparade. Slow Down is a cover of the 1958 Larrie Williams song. 2nd live would be the last album on Polydor records.
The Dutch Hitkrant magazine from March 18, 1981 carried an interview with Barry Hay in which he reveiled the name of the soon to be released double live album: 2nd Live. In the same interview Barry mentioned all tracks for the album were recorded at one concert with a great atmosphere but doesn't reveal the city name. The album cover doesn't carry the venue name either but in the song "My Town" you hear Barry saying "Hé Roosendaal". The Roosendaal show took place on December 27, 1980 at the Leysdream hall. The end mix for the album was done in six days at a studio in Weije (Drenthe) according to the interview.
For several months the band Powerplay from guitarist Jan van der Mey is the new support act for Golden Earring.
On August 22, 1981 the band performed again in The Hague at the Openlucht Theater where they played a new song which made the audience very enthusiastic. This song, announced as When The Bullet Hits The Bone, later became known as Twilight Zone and a huge hit!
At the Platen Tiendaagse the band signed their records at De Bijenkorf in Amsterdam. The exact date is not know to me.
George Kooymans produced the second album for the New Adventures called Wild Cat's Moaning. From this album the singles Midnight Magic Maniac and She Does It Right were released (and produced by George as well of course). The albums New Adventures and Wild Cat's Moaning were re-released on 1 cd in 1999.
Rinus Gerritsen produced the Modern Times Revive album by Herman Brood. From this album the single In the heat of the night came out (1981) The b-side Jivin' (myself) is produced by Rinus as well. Another band Rinus did produce was the Urban heroes of which his brother Rob was the manager at that time. Rinus Gerritsen did the production of the album "Urban Heroes live".
1982 - After 16 years (1965-1981) making records for the Polydor record company the band didn't prolong their contract and signed a new contract with 21 Records (F. Haayen\W. van Kooten) with a distribution deal by CNR. As Golden Earring produced over 30 hits in The Netherlands for Polydor and several of their first albums were hard to get and collectors items Polydor decided to release them again. This time in a clear white luxoury 5lp-collectors box with gold print. The 5 albums consisted from the period 1965 - 1968 and were released in their original cover but with different label numbers! The box costed 99 guilders which was cheap compared to the prices given for the collectors items. (prices over 100 guilders each)
Manager Fred Haayen begged the band not to quit without another hit song. George Kooymans thought about another solo-lp again, but decided to take one of those songs from the shelf for another Golden Earring album. The song was tried out during several concerts and the band noticed the enthusiastic reactions from the audiences. Therefor they decided to release this song on single in August 1982. The song is called ‘Twilight Zone’. (The song was performed at the Rockpalast gig with initial title When The Bullet Hits The Bone). The song is full of suspense, which was promoted with a sensational video clip by Dick Maas (At that time a young, starting and promising movie maker at the Film academy. He was "discovered" by Cesar and with the proceeds Dick got for the clip he was able to finish his later on well known Dutch movie De Lift). Twilight Zone (which handles about a double-crossed assassin) became another number 1 hit for the band in their home country. (Actually their fourth number 1 hit song in The Netherlands.)
Golden Earring performed at the Sartory Saale in Cologne on June 05, 1982 during one of the many Rockpalast broadcasts. The decade between 1976 and 1986 the Grugahalle in Essen was the place of the classic era of the Rock Palast Nights, which were broadcasted live on german television and via Eurovision all over Europe twice a year. A fine selection of the most legendary WDR TV broadcastings of these shows are available on DVD and amongst them is Golden Earring Live At Rockpalast. You see the band in a very energetic show in great shape.
So after spending much of the late '70s and the early '80s internationally as a cult band, Golden Earring returned to an international level of popularity in 1982 with the hit single (and popular MTV attraction) "Twilight Zone". This song and seven others are featured on Cut, a solid album that found Golden Earring starting to deviate from the pop/rock formula they perfect on the albums No Promises...No Debts and Prisoner Of The Night. Like those albums, Cut works its way through a series of guitar-based rock songs built on strong hooks. However, the band allows themselves to instrumentally stretch out a bit on some of the songs this time out. The most notable example is the midsection of "Twilight Zone," where George Kooymans lays out an exploratory series of guitar solos that build to crescendo over the taut bass line provided by Rinus Gerritsen.
The album Cut, recorded with producer Shell Schellekens, became a huge succes. The United States provided Golden Earring another succes. Twilight Zone climbed up in the Billboard Hot 100 to the 10th position. The other songs on Cut aren't as tightly crafted and hook-laden as those on the last few albums, but there are still plenty of strong tracks: "Baby Dynamite" is a power ballad about a fame-seeking girl that is built on a nicely harmonized chorus and "Lost and found" is a strong mid-tempo rumination on the end of a relationship that boasts an impassioned yet subtle vocal performance from Barry Hay. The Devil Made Me Do It was another top 20 hitsingle and released in June 1982 (Highest chart position: 16). Besides "Twilight Zone" this album track is the least typical. The Devil Made Me Do It is a witty, fast-paced pop-rocker about love gone bad built on an eccentric but effective combination of mock-gospel call and response vocals and an energetic horn section. Some of the Cut tracks fall short of the mark ("Future" runs a decent riff into the ground by failing to develop it in an interesting way), but the album contains enough strong tracks to make it worth a listen for the Golden Earring fan.
The Cut album's cover image is the iconic 1964 photo Cutting the Card Quickly taken by M.I.T. Professor "Doc" Edgerton showing the jack of diamonds playing card being shredded by a bullet. The image is used in the music video of "Twilight Zone" in which the card represents the life of the rogue espionage agent.
Modern, high-end consumer cameras are capable of capturing 60 frames per second (fps), and the fastest camera in the world can take over a trillion frames per second. However, the field of high-speed photography was still in its infancy in the early 1930’s. Professor "Doc" Edgerton was one of the early pioneers of strobe photography. During his long and distinguished career as a professor at M.I.T., Dr. Edgerton produced dozens of wonderful photographs with a tremendous degree of artistic merit. This is all the more impressive when you consider that creating works of art wasn’t his goal per se; Dr. Edgerton’s goal was good science. One of Edgerton’s most famous series of photographs depicts bullets passing through everyday objects. Apples, bananas, balloons, light bulbs, and playing cards were all shot (pun intended) in Edgerton’s lab. In our slightly biased opinion, one of his best photographs is called Cutting the Card Quickly (1964). The picture shows a bullet tearing through a King of diamonds. The card in the photograph was a Racer Back No. 2, one of the Bicycle brand playing card designs popular in the 1960s. Photograph by Harold E. Edgerton. Courtesy of MIT Museum copyright 2010 MIT.
Cutting the Card Quickly by Harold "Doc" Edgerton (1964). A .30 caliber bullet, traveling 2,800 feet per second, requires an exposure of less than 1/1,000,000 of a second. Edgerton outdid the gunslinging heroes of western movies by turning the card sideways when he shot through it. The rifling of the barrel caused the rotation of the projectile, which, in turn, carved out the S-shaped slice of card between the two halves.
The Twilight Zone single carries the back side King Dark, which is a non-album release. In several countries abroad these tracks were named in Spanish. (Twilight Zone became Zona Del Crepusculo and King Dark became Rey De La Oscuridad. The Twilight Zone single was released in many many countries, Italy, Germany, Japan, Canada, Usa and Peru to name a few only. B-side King Dark was originally called "Don't Be Silly" and performed several times live in Spring 1982 as well under that title.
The Golden Earring Cut album was released in Argentina as well with the Spanish title Corte on Mercury Records label (6302224) as an lp and promo lp; all titles are in Spanish!
Tracklisting for the Corte album:
Side 1:
El Diablo Me Lo Hizo Hacer (The Devil Made Me Do It)
Futuro (Future)
Chica De Dinamita (Baby Dynamite)
El Ultimo De Los Mohicanos (Last of the Mohicans)
Side 2:
Objectos Perdidos (Lost and Found)
La Dimension Desconocida (Twilight Zone)
Cargando Mis Baterias (Chargin' Up My Batteries)
Secretos (Secrets
On September 01, 1982 the band did a concert at The RAI Amsterdam which was broadcasted live by NCRV as a LosVast special. Tracks performed were Candy's Going Bad, Leather, No For An Answer, Save Your Skin, Twilight Zone, Radar Love and Slow Down.
The Cut album was released on September 03, 1982 and there was a launch party for the album on September 06, 1982 in Amsterdam. The location was movie theater "The Movies" as a reference to the Twilight Zone video clip. This clip is directed by Dick Maas and one of the very first Dutch video clips. The Twilight Zone video clip was also promoted in cinema's as a preview to Pink Floyd's "The Wall" movie. The Cut album entered the Dutch LP top 50 on September 18, 1982 and reached in the week of October 02, 1982 the first position in this Dutch album list. In the USA music videos were still the thing that made MTV and MuchMusic tick; CBC had video shows, as did a lot of local stations across Canada. Videos were made to promote songs; they weren't meant to necessarily be about art. Back in 1982, Golden Earring had a top-10 hit with "Twilight Zone." Rock video was still in its infancy, and the band stirred it up, as the video tried to tell some kind of weird James Bond spy story. The video had breasts in it, and a scene in which the spy hero, being tortured for information, has a vision of women dancing in bondage gear. Now, Golden Earring was a Dutch band, so this was just another day in Amsterdam to the group, but the resulting furor over the video only helped to propel the song up the charts.
On September 28, 1982 Golden Earring is at the Hitkrant magazine for an hour in which fans could phone with the band and ask them questions. The event was organised to promoto the album Cut and one fan could win a prize for the most original question.
On October 02, 1982 the Cut album reached the number one position in the Dutch LP Top 100, but only for one week.
On October 08, 1982 Golden Earring performed at the first edition of the Veronica Popnacht. This TV program was broadcasted live on both Dutch Radio Hilversum 3 and TV channel Nederland 1. The show was recorded at de Maaspoort in Den Bosch. The program started at 23.50 hr and ended around 4 o'clock at night. There were performances by Vitesse, Golden Earring, Normaal and Doe Maar.
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Somewhere in 1982 Rinus broke his collarbone during a soccergame, but this didn't prevent him from playing on... This happened only a day before Rinus beacme father of his first child, a daughter called Naomi. In the same period (just after finishing the "Cut" album recordings) George Kooymans also became a father as his wife Milly gave birth to their son Kid. In 1982 Barry Hay received his (first) tattoo located on his left shoulder. The tattoo was set by Henk Schiffmacher who became a big friend as well. The tattoo was a dolphin jumping through a ring and Barry got the idea for it when he saw a t-shirt on which the scene was depicted.
Later during the 80's Golden Earring opened for Rush and .38 Special before they did their 'own' very succesfull 1983/84 U.S. 'Twilight Zone Tour'. They were aired live by radioshows as the 'King Biscuit Flower Hour' and 'The Source'. These radio shows are available on lp-sets, but are hard to find and collectors items. In the same year 'Twilight Zone' became a big hit in the U.S. Billboard single charts Top-10 (Twilight Zone entered on November 27, 1982 (with B-side: King Dark) the USA Billboard hot 100 with highest position #10 and was charted for 27 weeks (Catalogue info: 21 Records 103). 'When The Lady Smiles became a Top-3 hit in Canada. The 'Twilight Zone' video became a 'classic' on MTV.
The Twilight Zone single was released in many countries. The English issue has a different cover than the Dutch one. You see the Earring with neon lights wrapped around them and Japanese style lettering in an artistic way. The UK magazine Sounds (November 20, 1982 issue) has a Twilight Zone single review by Geoff Barton which says: "Golden Earring's Twilight Zone is a 7.55 long HR extravaganza, full of the Dutchmens's traditionally quircky excentricities, bringing back memories of their greatest album, 1976's "To The Hilt". Earring may have been together since the Sixties, but "TZ" proves that they still can deliver. Listen to the line "When the bullet hits the bone" and take cover as the fractured fragments fly."
On December 25, 1982 The Devil Made Me Do It single entered the Dutch national Top 40 hitlist at position #32, highest position was 16 and it was 07 weeks in the chart. One week earlier on December 18, 1982 The Devil Made Me Do It single entered the Veronica Tipparade at position 12.
1983 - Because of the huge succes of Twilight Zone the band didn't think about quiting anymore. On the contrary: Golden Earring toured several times through the United States, but this time all financial matters were closely monitored to avoid a new financial problem. Former debts from past USA-tours were paid of and finally a little money was earned. The album Cut became gold in Canada and the single Twilight Zone reached the third place in the charts. In the USA their 1983 videoclip 'Twilight Zone' (21 Records/Polygram) became a U.S. Top-10 hit thanks to a high rotation on MTV music channel.
On February 07, 1983 Golden Earring flew to the United States for a new 1983 USA tour. In February and March 1983 Golden Earring was the opener (special guest) for several Rush shows during the Rush Signals (New world) tour 1983 and opened at least 11 shows for them.
Golden Earring did a performance on March 14, 1983 at the Breakaway Club at Akron, Ohio as headliner with special guest Scandal. During this show a 2-lp Radio Show was recorded. A radio show is a professional live recording in much better sound quality than you can get from any radio recording which is always reduced in dynamics with a compressor. The recordings are used for radio stations to promote the band with live recordings. Amongst the performed songs were No For An Answer, I Need Love, Vanilla Queen, Radar Love, Heartbeat, Save Your Skin and Future to name some tracks. Also a local tv station was present to make some recordings.
Golden Earring saw a brief American comeback with the album Cut and the Top ten single "Twilight Zone," but just like the middle of the seventies, Golden Earring could not sustain it's momentum and faded away again in the U.S. marketplace in the middle of the Eighties. The Cut album debuted on the USA Billboard album charts on February 26, 1983, highest position #24 and was charted for 12 weeks (Catalogue info: 21 Records 9004). On April 23, 1983 a new USA single was released as a succesor to Twilight Zone: The Devil Made Me Do It (B-side: Chargin' Up My Batteries) This single entered the USA Billboard Hot 100, peaked at highest position #79 and was charted for 4 weeks (Catalogue info: 21 Records 108).
After their return from the United States on April 13, 1983 the band gave a press conference at Schiphol Airport and was awarded with a golden record for their hit album "Cut". They also announced a special "Welcome Home" concert at Ahoy Rotterdam. This show was given on April 29, 1983 for 6500 fans and the complete light show from Rush was flown in from London as a special extra. Soon afterwards Rush started their European part of their Signals (New World) tour and they performed on May 03, 1983 at the Ahoy, Rotterdam. Unfortunately the support act was then Vandenberg instead of Golden Earring which would have been a great combination.
Golden Earring performed again at the Rotterdam - Ahoy for their back home concert on April 29, 1983. This is the first major concert in Holland again when the band returned from their 1983 USA tour. This gig was only preceeded with a try out show at Lelystad - Agorahal on April 27, 1983.
The Hitkrant Magazine dated April 30, 1983 mentioned the band got a golden record for their Cut album on their arrival at Schiphol Airport.
Great story about Golden Earring show in Leuven, 1983. Info here Info thanks to Haagsch Leven website!
A 1983 single release from Peru is called "Zona Del Crepusculo"/"Rey De La Oscuridad". This is the Spanish translation for the Twilight Zone single tracks. Issued on the Mercury label with label number F.MER 6000884.1 and has on the left side of the label the text: Fabricado by "El Virrey" Ind. Musicales. S.A. and on the right side Published 1983 Industria Peruana. (made in Peru by El Virrey Company.) It also excists in an white label promo version. In 1983 the Devil Made Me Do It single was also released in Peru. The tracks are called: "El Diablo Me Hizo Hacerlo"/"Avenida Sombria". It is issued on the Mercury label with label number F.MER 8122607.0 and has on the left side of the label the text: Fabricado by "El Virrey" Ind. Musicales. S.A. and on the right side Published 1983 Industria Peruana. (Made in Peru by El Virrey Company.) It also excists in an white label promo version single. Of course these singles are very scarce and collectors items.
This year the only picture lp Golden Earring ever made was released. It's a two-side printed picture disc and contained a compilation of live tracks from the live-albums Live and 2nd Live. It was released in the Netherlands on Polydor Records label (PD 830 06)
Golden Earring was awarded with the Dutch Export price for 1983 on December 29, 1983 for the second time in their career. The award was given to them by staatssecretaris van Economische Zaken Piet van Zeil.
In 1983 the band was hot in many countries and magazines around the world wrote about the band. Even in Mexico a magazine called Connecte had an article about the band. This 34 page magazine was published in Mexico by Edito Poster and is in Spanish language. The cover of this magazine has the line "Golden Earring se aparacen como fantasmas" on it.
Barry Hay was co-songwriter for Jan van der Meijdens Powerplay. He wrote the song Magic in cooperation. It was released in 1983 on single and the mini-album Noises and Voices. Later on in 1993 Magic was also released on cd. This cd compilation has both the albums Avanti and Noises & voices on it. Powerplay has been a support act for Golden Earring several times over the past years.
In 1983 a Please Go cover was released by:
1983 De Gouwe Oorringe - Alsjeblief... Ga!! (7", Dutch translation of the song)
1984 - The band was awarded with a Gouden Harp award out of the hands of Ed Nijpels on January 20, 1984 at the Congresgebouw, Den Haag, Holland. The Golden Harp, introduced in 1962, is presented annually to composers, performing artists or individuals who have made a specific contribution to the performance and success of Dutch light music. A jury selects the winners, which have included internationally successful acts such as Golden Earring and The Nits. The band members were given a special pin dureing the ceremoney and the clip was shown. So on January 20, 1984 there was the TV premier of When The Lady Smiles clip as well. Soon afterwards there was an edited version to be seen as the clip caused a lot of rumour after the premier due to the so called "violation" of a nun.
Time for more good news. Shell Schellekens produced a record again called N.E.W.S., which contained another number one hit (5th) in Holland with When The Lady Smiles (Released February 1984 with b-side Orwell's Year which is a single bonustrack!). For the second year in a row a single reached the third place in Canada. The video clip by Dick Maas was a huge success in The Netherlands but many foreign countries refused to show the clip, in which a nun was "molested". Recording the video clip partly took place at the Rotterdam metro and making the whole 5 minute movie took about a week of recordings. In the countries abroad a severe edited videoclip was broadcasted on the music video channels. Actually one of the main rolls was the old nun, which was molested in the train. Her role was played by the wife of their truck driver at that time. It looked like the train was really in action. But in reality the train was parked in an carriage house, where the whole film circus was located during a day and shot that part of the clip.... In cinema's a making of the When The Lady Smiles clip was shown at Polygoon journaal and the on stage shots from crew and band were taken at De Flint theatre in Amersfoort during the Golden Earring show on January 06, 1984. The working title for When The Lady Smiles was "When The Lady Comes". In the video clip for When The Lady Smiles george Kooymans can be seen playing a BC Rich Warlock reversed headstock 6 in line.
On March 05, 1984, soon before they left for a new USA tour, the album News (North East West South) was released and it reached a number one position in the album charts on March 17, 1984. It stayed at the number one position for three weeks. News was recorded at Kooymans Pseudo studio's Rijkevorsel, Belgium and mixed at Soundpush studio's Holland. The digital mastering was done at the Sterling Sound studio, New York City by Greg Calbi. (Like done before for the Grab It For A Second album) During this 1984 USA tour Cesar Zuiderwijks mother became ill and Cesar had to fly back to The Netherlands to see her. She died when he was in Holland and after her death Cesar returned to finish the USA tour with Golden Earring. Cesar was temporarily replaced by drummer Steve Potts from Memphis, Tennesee. He was present for about five shows.
As a promotion for the album 20.000 pieces of an 8-page newspaper called News were spread by and in Dutch records shops in February 1984. This newspaper promotion item is nowadays hard to find.
Golden Earring "N.E.W.S." was even released in Mexico on a different label (Mercury Records LPR-19101). Special about this release is all titles on the label are in Spanish! Here are some examples from album titles: Noche Clara, Luz De Luna (Clear Night Moonlight) and Cuando Sonrie La Dama (When The Lady Smiles)
On their USA tour Golden Earring performed with 38 Special. All the commotion around the When The Lady Smiles video kept the song at the 76th position only of the American hitparade because the original video was banned from MTV due to nudity and the portrayal of the supposed violation of a nun. A newly cut version of the clip failed to capture the true intentions of the director and Golden Earring, although When The Lady Smiles did make hit the number 3 position in Canada and became their fifth number one hit in their home country. The "When The Lady Smiles" 7" single was released in the USA as a DJ-only promo (listed as "Promotional Copy--Not For Sale) as well on 21 Records (label number T1 112 DJ) When The Lady Smiles (4:37)\When The Lady Smiles (4:37).
When touring the United States in 1984, Golden Earring played the Great Arena of Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey on May 11, 1984 and were in the midst of their concert when the fire at the nearby Haunted Castle at Six Flags Great Adventure began on the opposite side of the theme park, killing eight teenagers. The Haunted Castle at Six Flags Great Adventure was a haunted house attraction at Six Flags Great Adventure amusement park. Eight teenage visitors were trapped and killed when the structure was destroyed by fire. A teenager ignited his cigarette lighter in the dark rooms and it ignited the polyurethane padding on the walls. There were no emergency lighting, no fire extinguishers, no emergency exits, and no fire sprinklers. Six Flags Great Adventure and its parent company Six Flags were subsequently indicted for aggravated manslaughter, accused of recklessly causing the deaths by taking inadequate precautions against a fire. In the subsequent trial, the prosecution argued that repeated warnings by safety consultants to install sprinklers or smoke alarms had been ignored. The defendants denied any culpability, and contended that the fire was arson and that no precautions would have saved lives. The trial jury found the defendants not guilty....
Another single was Clear Night, Moonlight which was released April 1984 and reached highest chart position 11. It was accompagnied by a fine clip from Dick Maas with the band in leather jackets riding an American oldtimer through the night. ("Don't you go turning my dream into a nightmare"). The b-side is called Fist In Glove. In Germany the single was released as well but on the Metronome label.
The next single N.E.W.S. was released in June 1984 but only made it into the Dutch Tipparade. There was a fine but somewhat experimental clip by cineast Paul de Nooyer to promote it. It contained a lot of effects and it's different to any other previous clip from the band. Several shots were made of the band and it's members, but the post production of the clip was done when the band was on tour in the USA. This probably explained the use of masks! Around the release of this single the band returned from the USA. This USA tour was shut off with a positive bank account this time!
In the USA the NBC Radio show The Source broadcasted several live tracks. The broadcast dates were June 01, 02 & 03, 1984. This radio show was also released on 2lp with label number NBC 84-20.
On June 23, 1984 the band is recorded live in concert at the Groenoordhal Leiden, Holland for the MTV Network. This concert was recorded shortly after their return from an extensive USA tour which took Golden Earring coast to coast in the US and as far away as Hawaii. The recordings are the base for the later that year to be released album Something Heavy Going Down (Live from the Twilight Zone) which is another high quality live recording. Tracks recorded are: I'll Make It All Up To You, Enough is enough, Mission Impossible, When The Lady Smiles, Future, Long Blond Animal, N.E.W.S., The Devil Made Me Do It, Radar Love and Twilight Zone. The band is really at their best and played an inspired concert. Frontman and leadsinger Barry played with the audience and carried around a portable radio cassette recorder during the songs N.E.W.S. which was thrown into the audience at the end of the song. But lead guitarist George Kooymans is at excellent level and sometimes really into the music. (In the "Future" song intro you can see this pretty good, but also in Twilight Zone during the minute long instrumental part.) He also played some fine solo's in The Devil Made Me Do It and Twilight Zone for example. Bass player Rinus Gerritsen and drummer Cesar Zuiderwijk provided the solid base for the songs as always. They get their share of recognition during their solo's in Radar Love. Watch Cesar use his drumkit with electronic delay effects and his digital drum jacket and you know what I'm talking about! The jacket gag was soon afterwards copied by Mick Fleetwood of Fleetwood Mac for example! Several visual aspects were added to the show. Check out the "driving simulation" in the middle of Radar Love and watch Barry having fun with Rinus when he put his arm around his head and grinned. Small details but they show how professional the band became after their long stay abroad. In Twilight Zone the Taurus moog bass pedals can be heard pretty clear in the surround mixes. This show was finally released on dvd in 2005 by Red Bullet called Live from the Twilight Zone and features an interesting teaser and the complete concert filmed for MTV America, who commisioned this special. As a fan you need to have this dvd in your collection!
In 1984 former Earth and Fire singer Jerney Kaagman recorded another single called My Mystery Man. For the videoclip Barry Hay wrote the script together with Myrna van Gilst, Erwin Steen and Jerney Kaagman. On November 21, 1984 the recordings for a videoclip started and lasted 3 days. The video was shot in nightclub Picadilly in Amsterdam and Barry Hay was present at at least one day of the video shoot. On the official Earth and Fire site a picture can be seen of Barry and Jerney together.
On November 26 1984 Golden Earring performed amongst others during the Een voor Afrika actie on Dutch national tv. The program which was hosted by Koos Postema and Mies Bouwman finally raised over 83 million Dutch Guilders. The Dutch ministry of Ontwikkelingssamenwerking donates an extra 15 million Guilders to cover the transport costs to Ethiopia for the goods.
In December 1984 ‘Something Heavy Going Down’ was released and only a minor hit in Holland as it highest chart position was 33 only. Another videoclip by Paul de Nooyer promoted the single. Barry carried a large ghetto-blaster around and again the clip made a futuristic impression due to the efforts of Paul de Nooyer. The clip was probably seen by U2 later on as U2's Pop market tour showed some resemblance with this clip... In Germany the single was released as well but on the Metronome label.
In 1984 a Golden Earring picture disc was released. This album is a compilation of live tracks. The title is "Golden Earring - Live and pictured". It's an exclusive picture disc, released in a plastic cover, manufactured under license from Polydor BV - Holland and a limited edition. Label is Polydor, with label number PD 83006. Tracks side A: Weekend love, Buddy Joe, Back home, Just Like Vince Taylor. Tracks side B: Candy´s going bad, She flies on strange wings, Radar Love.
Later this year the live recorded album ‘Something Heavy Going Down (Live from the Twilight Zone)’ was released. This album was recorded at the Groenoordhallen, Leiden, Holland for the MTV Music Network and had also one studio recorded song on it. The album was also released on laserdisc and vhs in the United States. The title song became a small hit and was also released on a 12-inch record, remixed by Ben Liebrand. The concert was broadcasted on December 28 by Veronica Countdown.
When Cesar's mother was very ill Cesar had a girlfriend (Marianne) who looked after him. One day she told him he would soon become a father. In 1984 his son Casper was born.
In 1984 Radar Love covers were released by:
1984 Finland: Pate Mustajärvi - NYT! (lp\mc\cd)
1984 USA: Radar - Radar (mc)
1985 - On January 05, 1985 Golden Earring contributed to the Europe-A-GoGo tv broadcast as the Dutch representative for the European broadcast union. 11 European countries contributed to this 5,5 hour broadcast in which was switched to several countries for their national artists. The program was presented from Brussels by Ray Cookes. The Dutch part of the broadcast came from Paradiso, Amsterdam. The organisation from Brussels did switch two times to the Netherlands and broadcasted around 1.40 hr. 2 songs live from Golden Earring: When The Lady Smiles and Twilight Zone. Later on another switch was made (around 2.45 hr) to Holland and this time Radar Love was shown including a great drumsolo by Cesar Zuiderwijk. He did the solo using the drum-jacket with electronic drumpads on the inside connected to a drumcomputer. Another Dutch contribution was from the Time Bandits.
In March 1985 Cesar Zuiderwijk did some promotional activities again for Pearl drums, who endorses him. He toured across the country in March 1985 at several music shops. He did this before and would do so many times again in the upcoming years. Clinic dates: March 2, Dan Smit (Maastricht), March 21. Reynen (Roermond), March 25 McMusic (Arnhem), March 26. Tonika (Groningen), March 27 Big Obe (Zwolle) and March 28 (Just Music) Leiden. Two clinics at Staffhorst and Schreeven, but dates unknown to me. For May 1985 a Belgian promo clinic trip was planned.
On June 30, 1985 the George Kooymans band played at the fifth edition of the Parkpop Festival The Hague. Over 100.000 people attended Europe's largest free festival. George opened the program on stage 1. (Main stage)
Cesar Zuiderwijk released together with keyboard player Jasper van 't Hof a mainly instrumental solo album under the name of ‘Labyrinth’, on which female singer Julia Lo’ko did the guest vocals for several (3) songs. At first the album should be completely instrumental but at the last moment 3 vocal tracks were added. Two of them became singles. Give me back my feelings (1985, 21 Records, labelnumber 21.039) and Help me out (1986, 21 Records, labelnumber 21.041 with George on guitar). The album became a small success; it was also performed live on stage during a short tour in The Netherlands and recorded with the Metropole Orchestra by Veronica TV for tv-broadcast. The song ‘Help me out’ was released on single and even got a position in the American Top 100. Jasper van 't Hof came in contact with Cesar Zuiderwijk through Robert Jan Stips. (former Golden Earring member)
In April 1985 Golden Earring was awarded with an Edison award again for their NEWS album. But dark clouds were hanging over the band. Dutch taxes claimed one million guilders from the band still to be paid. The police raided the bandmembers houses and searched for traces the bandmembers should be richer than they actually were. The Golden Earring business company is located in Liechtenstein and the band differed with the taxes as they thought only their salaries had to be paid taxes for and not the total income as they were a foreign company.... So the band went to court to settle things. After ten years the band thought about bringing back their financial company to Holland again and make thing less more complicated financially. In the end (after two years of financial struggling!) they had to pay 60.000 guilders taxes instead of the first asked million.
On August 08 1985 Cesar Zuiderwijk and Rinus Gerritsen opened their own music store called RockPalace at the Torenstraat 35a, The Hague. In 1994 the store was added to the Key Music group and re-located to the other side of the street in a much bigger and more convenient building. The current location is Torenstraat 132a Den Haag. On October 24 the store celebrated it's 30 year anniversary with a music session in which both Rinus Gerritsen and Cesar Zuiderwijk took part.
On Augustus 10, 1985 the populair radio- and television program LosVast (NCRV) is broadcasted live for the very first time from stadion De Kuip in Rotterdam. One of the highlights was the performance of George Kooymans singing Just A Little Bit Of Peace In My Heart.
On August 24, 1985 Cesar's side project Labyrinth gave a concert at De Doelen (Rotterdam, Holland) with the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Rogier van Otterloo. The concert was broadcasted on January 16, 1986 by Veronica broadcasting cooperation.
During Summer 1985 the rehearsels and preparations for the recordings of a new album started as kind of a routine for the band who tried to deliver a new album every year in the past. However this didn't went as wanted as the material wasn't ready and what was on the shelve didn't fit together for an album. The bandmembers decided to take a break from it and all did their own thing. Some time later they started to rehearse again once a week and due to the relaxt athmosphere things became more of an end product for their 21st album called The Hole. After a few months of working this way the band had enough songs to record the album. They also made a videoclip for a song from the album called Quiet Eyes. The idea for this videoclip came from pop photographer Anton Corbijn and friend to the band. He insisted on having some well known Dutch artists like Sjef van Oekel in the short movie and so it went... The band had to wear glasses for three days because of the song title and even this wish from the producer of the clip was granted by the band.
While band members Cesar Zuiderwijk and Rinus Grritsen opened their own music store called Rock Palace at the Torenstraat 35a, The Hague on August 08 1985, the other band members George and Barry started their own record label called Ring Records. The idea for this label started way back in 1983 during their American tour. They met drummer Max Grace in the club of country singer Willy Nelson. He promised George and Barry to send them own song material with with his girlfriend Gay recorded songs. George and Barry were suprised by the quality of the songs and decided to release a single on their expenses. Therefor they started their own label Ring records with the idea to give starting talent a chance. The label was presented to the press on September 05, 1985 at Club Scaramouche, Hilversum, Holland. Barry and George played some songs as well with the Bertus Borgers Groove Express (including a cover of a Tom Waits song). Distribution of Ring Record label productions is done by Ariola.
George decided to extend his homestudio with mixing equipment as well. He is now able not only to record material but to mix as well and so reduce on the total productional costs of recordings.
Barry Hay and George Kooymans produced under the name "Circle Brothers" the band Boom Boom Mancini for their own Ring Records label. The single Red Skies\Viva Zapata was the first release on their label with label number 107 663. Besides this one 2 more singles were released and produced by them. Boom Boom Mancini was asked for a record deal after the band did already some shows as a support act for Golden Earring. Actually Rinus was the one who asked BBM to be their support act. Boom Boom Mancini already had some instrumental demo's ready at that time, but these had to be completed by the (later added ex- Urban heroes singer Evert Nieuwstede). The band is named after a famous, left handed American boxer. Another band which was asked to release a single on Ring Records was the Belgian band K13. This band toured also for some time as Golden Earrings support act. The name K13 stands for the name of a mental ward of a hospital in Gent, Belgium, the city where the band resided.
In 1985 Henkie and the (rest of the Golden Earring road) crew recorded a carnavalesque single called Tatoe, Tatoe, Tatoe. Henkie stands for Henk Vroomans, Cesars drumroadie for many years (but who sadly passed away in the nineties) and is to be seen on the single cover in the middle with his arms wide. The rest of the roadcrew joined him for the recordings of the single.
In 1985 Radar Love covers were released by:
1985 Peru: Pax - Exterminio (7" single)
1985 UK & USA: The Alarm - All Right Now (7" flexi single)
1985 USA: Code 3 - Live at the San Lorenzo River (mp3 download internet)
1985 USA: R.E.M. - Can't get there from here (bootleg 2lp)
1985 USA: Underground Soldier - Fun before Profit! (lp)
1986 - In the middle of the recordings of a new album Rinus suffered of a broken arm after a collision with a SRV-car (on November 27, 1985) As this arm was put into plaster to heal again Rinus continued to play on stage. He had the help of special stands and most of the time just played his floor based and foot operated bass synthesizer. The keyboard part in They Dance was played with a plastered arm during the recording of the song for the new Earring album. This lp The Hole was released in May 1986 but received with mixed feelings. The record has some excellent songs on it, like the singles ‘Why Do I’ and ‘Quiet Eyes’, but the production (by Shell Schellekens again) was experienced as bombastic by many. However the album is much more guitar-oriented compared to the previous 2 studio albums but had no real hits on it. ‘Save The Best For Later’ is a real rock song and is also live a much appreciated song. The the Hole album was also released in the USA on the 21 Records label. It even excists as a gold-stamped promo pressing (21 Records label 790514-1).
To accentuate the individual personalities the single "Quiet Eyes" was released on April 13, 1986 with four different covers. Each bandmember had his own cover. Of course this boosted the singles sales (to position number 9) but it could also be seen as a clever marketing trick! The cover photograpy of album and singles was done by Anton Corbijn. An upcoming Dutch photographer and friend to the band. He also was the producer of the Quiet Eyes videoclip. This was shot in black and white and also had the images in it used for the single covers. The clip had lots of friends of the band perform in it again. The most outstanding person however was "Sjef van Oekel", a wellknown tv-character performed by Dolf Brouwers and also living in The Hague. The clip was filmed at the old (and already closed) theatre Amicitia in the center of The Hague. The b-side to Quiet Eyes was the non album track "‘Gimme A Break’". This song was written for the (American) movie "Teachers" but not used for it after all.
The album was premiered on April 28, 1986 at Dutch national radio at the "Avondspits" program by DJ Frits Spits. Untill May 03, 1986 he broadcasted tracks in his daily radioshow.
On June 21, 1986 Golden Earring supported the charity action "Help Mexico uit de nood" organised by cabaretier Freek de Jonge. The event took place at the "Lange Voorhout", a street in the center of The Hague. Golden Earring played four songs on a very small stage: Twilight Zone, They Dance, Have A Heart and Jane Jane.
On July 18, 1986, (on Cesars birthday!) the band performed live at Scheveningen beach at a free concert in front of over 200.000 people attending. (This venue is only a kilometer away from the Pier at Scheveningen were it all started way back in 1965!) At Scheveningen beach first the Veronica strandrace was held. A motor bike event and races on the beach in front of the Scheveningen Boulevard. In the evening the beach was the place to be for a great Golden Earring concert. This free show (better known as first beach concert amongst fans) was broadcasted live by Veronica Television broadcasting company. And although the band was in a dip on the business side again, it was clear to the band they had a very faithful and dedicated following in their home country. Here's is a quote from an interview the band gave: "It was Cesar’s birthday. "The drinks are on me!" he yelled during the concert. A little reckless when there are 250.000 people present. We broke all the records, but the most important thing was the intense feeling it left us with; there was still music in the band!" Hours after the concert there were still traffic jams at all roads going outside the Hague.
Dutch music magazine "Oor" published a Golden Earring story in several parts.
On October 04, 1986 Cesar opened a drum and percussion shop in Amsterdam.
The single ‘Why Do I’ was released in July 1986 and only positioned in the Dutch Tipparade (on August 02, 1986). The text for the song was written in the night before the song was recorded. While Barry's vocals were recorded in one take and the band was satisfied with the results, producer Shell Schellekens wanted to record another take. But with a deadline for the album coming up the first take was erased by mistake so the second take had to be used, much to the regret of Barry Hay. The b-side ‘Gimme A Break (rock version)’ is a single only track but was also released on the 4 CD Box "The Devil Made Us Do It". It's a different version of the track which backed the single Quiet Eyes.
"Why Do I" was released in the USA on a 12" promo single on 21 Records label (PR 935). (A-side: Why Do I (vocal/new mix, 4:25)\B-side: Why Do I (vocal/new mix, 4:25) The 7" vinyl single was released in 2 versions: a clear vinyl promo pressing and one with a blue label.
The next single from the album The Hole was ‘They Dance (Edited re-recorded single version!)’ and released December 1986. It didn't make it into the charts either and had a position in the Dutch Tipparade only. The song They Dance is about people joining in the carnaval festivities at Rio de Janeiro. If you look closely to the single cover you see girls dancing!
Radar Love was covered by Centerfold. This Dutch girl-trio recorded the song in November 1986 and Barry Hay can be heard on the song. He also joined in for the recordings of the video clip.
Cesar Zuiderwijk gave a drum clinic at the Daisybell Music store in Assen on November 21, 1986. An ad fo this clinic was published in the Nieuwsblad van het Noorden newspaper on November 19, 1986.
On November 27, 1986 George and Milly Kooymans received their second child. A daughter was born this time, called Cassy.
From November on Barry started to do some gigs with the Bertus Borgers Groove Express. About 20 gigs were planned into the new year. Songs were tried out and rehearsed. That way the band could record them much more easily than just play them for the first time in the studio. This way of working should save on studio time. Amongst the songs played were also The road swallowed her name from the Seven Tears album and Did you really mean it. This track is on Barry's first solo album.
In 1986 Radar Love covers were released by:
1986 Australia: the Bronx - Streetfighter's (7"single)
1986 Netherlands, Japan, Germany: Centerfold - Radar Love (7"single\12")
1986/1998 Netherlands: Centerfold - Man's Ruin (lp\mc\cd re-issue 1998)
1986 UK: Def Leppard - Live at Donnington Park '86 (bootleg cd)
1986 UK & France: Deuce - Radar Love (7''single)
1986 UK: Ghost Dance - Heart Full of Soul (12")
1986 UK: Ghost Dance - Gathering Dust (lp)
1986 UK & Germany: The Pharaohs - Blue Egypt (lp 1986, cd 2000)
1986 USA: Ben Liebrand - Grand Medley 86 DJ Mix (12")
1986 USA: Sun City Girls - Midnight Cowboys from Ipanema (mc 1986\lp 1994\cd 1996)
1986 USA: White Flag - Feeding Frenzy (lp)
1987 - George Kooymans and Barry Hay in the meantime have set up their own Ring Records label, on which records by Boom Boom Mancini, Piu Piu and K13 were released. K13 is a band from Gent, Belgium. The two Earring members did their productional activities under the name of the ‘Circle Brothers’. The distribution was done by the Ariola record company and as a part of the deal the Ring records owners Barry Hay and George Kooymans had to release their own (second) solo albums on Ring Records also, which they did later this year. These solo albums were fine pieces of work, but commercially no succes at all.
On February 07, 1987 it was time for another Golden Earring fanclub day again. De Bonkelaar youth centre, Sliedrecht, Holland was the place to be. Video's were shown as well as the Eight miles high movie. All 4 members were attending and 2 shows were performed (afternoon and evening). Also there was a Golden Earring Top 10 by Golden Earring roadies Willem Reitsma and Louis van der Wetering.
George Kooymans did release his second solo album with the appropriate name "Solo" on March 23, 1987. (Ring Records label, label number 208 167) He also released several solo singles from this album like Lost For Love\The Devil Rides Again Tonight (March 09, 1987), The Beat Goes On\Again and World Of Our Own\All Things Are Light. Especially the last single is hard to find and a kind of collectors item. The b-side of this last single is a pre-version (or demo if you like) of a later Golden Earring song. The lp was promoted with a promotional sticker. On a white background the solo lp logo was printed and spread with the help of the fanclub. Members received a sticker sheet and the fans were asked to place the stickers all over Holland to promote the album as much as they could.... The cover design was by Koos O. and the photography for the album was done by Iris Dijke.
On April 10, 1987 the band posed for a photo shoot for the Levi's 501 sponsor poster before their Golden Earring show at Beverwijks Nieuwe Slof theatre. From then on the band was sponsored by Levi's for a while and promotional posters were used at shows. The band in return recieved some Levi's clothing to wear.
Barry Hay did release his second solo album "Victory of Bad Taste" on October 16, 1987 on the Ring Records label, distributed by Ariola. From this album 2 singles were released. The Tommy James cover ‘Draggin' the line’ by Barry Hay even didn't make it into the tipparade, let alone the hitparade. This first single release had a bonustrack on the b-side called ‘What kinda love’. A ferm rocker of 6.28 minutes length. The song didn't make it for the Victory of bad taste album release and is a non-album track only. Another bonustrack is the song "Going Blind" which is only available on cd, not on the lp. Later on (1988) another single was released called ‘Jezebel’ (In a special re-recorded single version!) These singles are hard to find and collectors items nowadays.
The album was recorded at George Kooymans Ringside studio in 34 days (every day from 13hr untill 01 hr.) The record was mastered at The Townhouse, London (1,5 day per mixed song) For Dragging the line the single was edited by Barry and Shell Schellekens. The durage is shorter and the sound is somewhat heavier. (This edit was done at the Catmusic studio's, Holland). Also on the album is Did you really mean it in a new version. This track is to be found on Barry's first solo album as well. Also a few covers were added to the album. I'd lie to you for your love from Frankie Miller was mainly covered beacuse of the fine text, which Barry would have loved to write himself, he admitted in an interview. Draggin' the line is and old hit from Tommy James. Firewater is a song written by Michael Smotherman, who is a friend of Barry. The song was on a cassette full of songs he wrote, but this song was never recorded. (Michael Smother man once recorded an own lp, but with no success. He has successively written songs for people like Ray Charles and Kenny Rogers.) The song "My favorite spot" was already on Barry's "song shelf" for a long time. While rehearsing the song drummer Ton Dijkman played a salsa rhythm and the band played along with it. Barry immediately said: "We keep this part in for the recordings" leaving the band astonished. Jezebel was written with John Self, a Belgian friend of Barry Hay. John sang him a simple melody and Barry tried to find a text for it. The text was turned down and changed. So the whole song was reconstructed in the end. (Other timing, different verses, different text). "Girl (is a best man's friend)" was made during rehearsels with a lot of jamming. As Barry really like the Temptations and Motown sound he wanted to do something like that as well. So different working methods were used to create the album.
The sleeve design was done by Richard Ottema from the "Puur elan" designers group, Rotterdam. He was mentioned to Barry Hay by a teacher from the Rotterdam Academy of Arts. The titel Victory Of Bad Taste comes from a slogan Barry used years ago during an USA tour. He used it to point out the food was not to eat or if people looked ridiculous. It also stands for "fake", for a lot of music which is bad. Therefor the title seemed suitable because it's so weird. And it would come in handy if people dislike the album. Barry would only have to say: what would you expect with such a title..... "Bad is also american slang for "great", Barry mentioned. All in all the title is kind of "tongue-in-cheek".
For the promotion of the album coin like pendants were made in a limited edition of 200 copies. 100 of these were given to journalists and representatives in the music industry as an promotional item. The other 100 were sold by the fanclub to fans to cover the costs of the issue.... I actually own such a coin pendant myself
Durimg the summer George Kooymans performed solo during the Solo tour with a band. During one of these performances in Vlissingen on July 30, 1987 George Kooymans got hit by a can of beer thrown against his head out of the audience. He left the stage and refused to play on. YouTube video about the incident.
On May 09, 1987 a new single by George Kooymans called The Beat Goes On entered the Veronica Tipparade at position 28.
In 1987 Cesar Zuiderwijk became father again. This time his wife gave birth to a daughter named Selma.
In 1987 the band Just Colours released an EP with the same name which contained a Chunk Of Steel cover. (Carnaby Coral label)
In 1987 a Chunk Of Steel cover was released by:
1987 Just Colours - Just Colours (EP)
In 1987 Radar Love covers were released by:
1987 Nederland: Archie - Listen to what Archie Sez (lp 1987, cd 1998)
1987 UK: Buzzard - The Academy Record Collection Vol.1 (VA) (lp)
1988 - In times of less commercial succes two sampler-CD’s (‘The very best of’) are released by Arcade Records with their greatest hits and provided some revenues from the copyrights as these releases were sold very well. On March 26, 1988 the sampler album The Very Best Of - Golden Earring entered the national Album top 75 on position 33. From August on the band toured The Netherlands, Belgium and Germany with a repertoire consisting of old and new hits for their "Very best of" tour. As always all venues were sold out. The album is also available on vinyl 2lp "The very best of 1965 - 1988".
On March 05, 1988 the the second album "Wounded" by I've got the bullets (With female singer Frederique Spigt) was released. (LP CBS label 460634-1) It has been produced by George Kooymans and was recorded and mixed in his Ringside Studio (Rijkevorsel, Belgium). Wounded was released on cassette, lp and cd. The cd version contains three additional songs (CBS 460634). Despite the success of the album Wounded the first single I'm only wounded didn't reach any higher than the tipparade. The second single "Love scene" didn't even made it into the Tipparade. I've got the bullets split in 1990 after an intensive last tour. George also produced the Yada yada album by Herman Brood. From this cd several singles were released as well.
In Belgium a compilation single Just A Little Bit Of Peace In My Heart\Please Go was released on the Cherry records label (Chs 7896), apparently to promote the just released sampler cd's and double lp The Very best of Golden Earring on the Arcade label in Holland. The backside of the single cover has an add for the Very best of 1965-1988 double-lp sampler.
Barry released his second solo single called Jezebel. (Ariola label 109.672)
In the USA a 3 inch cdsingle called Vintage Gold was issued by MCA Records. In a unique approach to a new recording format, MCA Records' released a serie of 3inch cd's entitled Vintage Gold, which are mini-albums containing hits, rarities and new-to-CD tracks. Just as with their full-length compact disc releases, they have digitally remastered from best available masters - including in many instances the original masters - to present the CD consumer with the truest, clearest, brightest original sound. On this Golden Earring Vintage Gold cdsingle are 4 tracks. (1. Radar Love (1974 / 6.24). 2. Candy's Going Bad , single edit ( 1974/ 2.53). 3. Sleep Walkin (1976/ 3.36). 4. Babylon (1976/ 4.16).) Label is MCA Records with labelnumber MCAD-37292. This single is kind of a collectors item. Even if you find it, it's hard to find it complete with the original (plastic) longbox it came in (MCA Records MCAD 3729)
On July 09, Cesar played on the North Sea Jazz festival in the Hague. His show started on 16.15 in the afternoon and later on the same evening he performed with Golden Earring for their open air concert at Haaksbergen.
On August 20, 1988 former band member Sieb Warner met the band after 19 years for the first time after he left the band. Of course he was nervous because of the fact he was kind of thrown out of the band. At first Barry didn't recognise him, but Rinus did. He spoke with Rinus and Barry for several time and then they kissed and laughed and made up for good times sake. Sieb mentioned later on to his companion Jan Karstens at that moment he finally felt himself an (former) Earring member and could say goodbye to his former band.
On September 09, 1988 the band played in Den Bosch at the Brabant perspectief event. Some songs of their "Very Best Of Tour" concert were broadcasted live on television.
Following their "Very Best Of" Holland tour the band is booked in December 1988 for at least ten concerts in Germany and this tour is called "The Silver Jubilee tour". Concerts were played at Stuttgart, Hamburg and Berlin to name a few places.
In 1988 Barry Hay cooperated for the production of the Q65 single Let's Roll with Freddy Haayen for his Jaws record label (label number 551-7).
George Kooymans can be heard on the second (vinyl and cd)single Babies which was released from the 1988 Herman Brood cd Yada Yada. This cd\lp was produced by George Kooymans (LP: CBS 460746 1). The cdsingle Babies from this album has three bonustracks and George played the guitar on one of those tracks.
The Wolfbanes (called Flanders' best Las Vegas group by Belgian pop magazine Humo) released a single in 1988 called Together with you with B-side Mary Quant produced by George Kooymans. (HKM label, label number HKM 145.501-7)
In 1988 a Back Home cover was released by:
1988 Netherlands & USA: Claw Boys Claw - Hitkillers (lp Megadisc MD 7894 )
In 1988 Radar Love covers were released by:
1988 Australia: Def Leppard - Gods of War (Australian 2cd bootleg)
1988 Germany: Repression - Animal Raw (lp)
1988 Italy: Def Leppard - Tear it Down (Italian 2cd bootleg)
1988 Netherlands & USA: Pandemonium - The Kill (lp\mc)
1988 New Sealand: Beefhouse - In with a Grin (mc)
1988 Austria: Graf Hadik & die Flughunde - Live in Texas (lp)
1988 UK: Stumpus Maximus and the Good Ol' Boys - Release Me (12")
1988/1989 UK & Canada: Def Leppard - Rocket / Pour some Sugar on Me (cdsingle)
1988 UK: Mazique - Radar Love (7" vinyl single)
1988 USA: R.E.M. - The Pop Dream (bootleg cd)
1989 - On February 18, 1989 the Countdown All Stars single on which Barry Hay does a vocal part amongst many other Dutch musicians entered the Dutch Tipparade on position 23.
On March 07, 1989 the new single Turn The World Around was released on Jaws Records (Label number 559-7). This single was also released om vinyl maxi-single but in Germany only. (Prior single releases were both released on maxisingle in Holland as well as in Germany! The vinyl German maxisingle was released on the Virgin label (Virgin 612 328) and contains the tracks Turn The World Around, Say My Prayer (Alternative Version) and You Gun My Love. But for collectors more items were interesting. Both German and Holland pressings of the Turn The World Around singles had a misprint cover. The graphic layout which should be on the back of the cover is now on the frontside of the item. Later on a second print corrected this error. The German cdsingle comes in a jewelbox while the Dutch version has a cardboard cover. The German cdsingle has a misspelled band name on the back. (Golden Earrings)
April 1989 saw the release of the lp ‘Keeper Of The Flame’ on the Jaws label. This album was released in Germany on the Virgin Records label (209 946 630) and even released in Greece on another different label (Music box)! The title of the album pointed out Golden Earring didn't want to quit the scene. For the title the band was inspired by the Inca's who had there sun god and were servants to this source of energy. The Keeper Of The Flame is also the person who carries the flame at the Olympic games.
The album is presented to the national press on April 27, 1989 at the Amsterdam Roxy. CNR promotion put "De flame slaat in de pan" as the slogan for the presentation and after a speech from DJ Jack Spijkerman the band played 5 tracks live. Then Jack gave the first copies of the album to the band. A day earlier on April 26, 1989 Golden Earring played live at Jack Spijkermans radioprogram "Steen en Been show".
Keeper Of The Flame was recorded at Ringside Studio Rijkevorsel, Belgium. Rinus played midiworks at home and Cesar used drum samples from the Simmons SDX drumcomputer. These samples were recorded at home and later on added in the studio. The cd was recorded with new digital techniques but made a sterile impression, also because of the used working method. But it certainly kept the fire burning due to the top-10 hit ‘Turn The World Around’. On this album Rinus contributed with the writing of two songs called Distant Love and One Shot Away From Paradise. This is peculiar as Rinus didn't wrote songs for a long time while in the sixties he was the main songwriter of the band together with George. This ended when Barry joined the band and took over gradually. On this album is also the track "One Word". Not many fans are aware of the fact the track "All Things Are Light" (The B-side of George's solo single "World Of Our Own") from 1987 is actually a demo version of "One Word"!
In Germany the album was promoted with a 4-track promo musicassette with the title 'Keeper Of The Flame' (A so called Vorabcassette zu ihrem persönlichen Gebrauch) The promo has four tracks: Turn The World Around, Circles, Too Much Woman and Can Do That.
The video for Turn The World Around was made by Dick Maas again. The clip itself was another piece of art and lots of famous characters can be seen. Barry as the devil, but also angels, Jesus, Fidel Castro and many more all played by friends of the band as often before! In total 75 people were working on and for the clip besides the bandmembers! The clip was filmed at The Hague in a soon to be broken down "gashouder" (gas collecting device). The song itself is about the devil who asks Jesus to work together for once to save the world. Kind of utopia: good and evil working together......
Golden Earring played a very succesfull hometown concert at the Hague Parkpop festival in front of 300.000 visitors on June 25, 1989. The band played songs like When The Lady Smiles, Twilight Zone and Radar Love. The band announced their new single Distant love to be performed for the very first time. They even rehearsed the songs on the morning the festival took place. But at this moment of their career Golden Earring's financial state was in trouble. Even their concerts led to debts as their tour didn't make enough profits to cover all costs for equipment and personel...
On July 01, 1989 the band played at the Huizpop festival. Recordings were broadcasted live on national radio. This show circulates amongst fans as a bootleg called 3rd Live.
Golden Earring played some concerts for their Keeper Of The Flame tour 1989 in West Germany, Austria and Switzerland as well. But Golden Earring played for the first time in their career in the DDR (The former East Germany) at the Radrennbahn Weissensee on the 6th Berliner Rocksommer Festival at Berlin-Weißensee just a few months before the Berlin wall came down. On July 18, 1989 Golden Earring, Uriah Heep and Ten Years After were on the bill. A fine review can be found in the 10-1989 issue of the German Melodie und Rhythmus magazine.
The October issue of the Dutch Playboy magazine has an 7 page item about Barry Hay showing fashion with his girlfriend (at that time and later on wife) Sandra.
The second single from Keeper Of The Flame was Distant Love with b-side Nighthawks. (vinyl and 3track cdsingle)
Another single released is ‘Can Do That’. This Germany only single is very hard to find and has a cover identical to the Keeper Of The Flame album.
Arcade re-released the compilation album "The Very Best Of". The subtitle is changed to 1965-1989 and the newest single Turn The World Around was added while They Dance was taken off.
George Kooymans produced the album Where Is The World? by The Plastic Dolls. George also contributed on the album 'Homecoming' by Gé Reinders. The band White Lion made a Radar Love cover for their lp and cd Big Game. The song was also released on cdsingle and even a one track dj promo cdsingle was released.
Barry Hay was heard on the Countdown single project by the Countdown All Stars. Another project he gave a helping hand was the Vengeance lp Arabia. He seemed to have checked the lyrics for spelling errors and was thanked on the record cover for his help. (Vengeance guitarist Arjan Lucassen later on became famous with his Ayreon projects and even then Barry did the lead vocals on the track Sail Away To Avalon for the first Ayreon cd called The Final Fantasy.
In 1989 Radar Love covers were released by:
1989 Germany: Ian Stuart Donaldson - Radar Love (single)
1989 Germany: Dead Fish go Bananas - Modern Monster (lp)
1989 UK: White Lion - Radar Love (shaped picture disc for UK only)
1989 USA: Left End - Live at the Park Inn (fan video)
1989 USA: White Flag - Skate across America (lp)
1989 USA: White Lion - Radar Love (promo cdsingle)
1989 Worldwide: White Lion - Radar Love (7" single\12"\cdsingle)
1989 Worldwide: White Lion - Big Game (lp\mc\cd)
To be continued!
| Golden Earring |
Which fruit juice is added to champagne to make a Bellini cocktail? | Two-Hit Wonder - TV Tropes
Two-Hit Wonder
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For every artist who's a One-Hit Wonder � that is, an artist that is primarily known for one successful song and are never truly heard from again � there is the Two-Hit Wonder. Those are the artists that have one really big single, and another song, often but not always the follow-up, is just as big, perhaps even a bigger smash hit as the first successful song. But like the one-hit wonder, success is fleeting for the two-hit wonder and the artist is unable to keep up the momentum.
As with one-hit wonders, two-hit wonders on the American charts may be a different story in other countries; many popular British artists, like Cliff Richard , charted only two top 10 solo hits (along with a few other lesser-performing top 40 singles) in the United States but remains enormously popular in his homeland. For that matter, many American artists have only charted once in their homeland but are popular in Europe (or vice versa: European artists that were more popular in the United States). Likewise is the case of a artists from other genres � most notably, country � who have had countless hits in their own genre but when it comes to the mainstream Top 40, they've had only a handful of successes.
There are countless examples, so this article will only list a handful of representative samples. Compare No Hit Wonder , wherein an artist manages long-term success without even so much as one big hit. Also see Hitless Hit Album , where a artist has a hit album with no hit songs. Contrast Breakthrough Hit , where one hit leads to a string of later hits.
Music examples by genre:
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Country
Rhett Akins with "That Ain't My Truck" and "Don't Get Me Started", his only big hits as a singer from 1995 and 1996, respectively. But as a songwriter from about 2006 onward, he's had plenty more � including a few for his son, Thomas Rhett .
Liz Anderson, with "The Game of Triangles" (featuring Bobby Bare and Norma Jean) and "Mama Spank", from 1966 and 1967; Liz also wrote Merle Haggard 's first No. 1 hit, "The Fugitive." Her daughter, Lynn Anderson, fared much better.
Atlanta, quite possibly the largest country band ever to exist, with a staggering nine members. They had Top 10 hits right out of the gate with "Atlanta Burned Again Last Night" and "Sweet Country Music", quite an impressive feat for an independently-signed country band at the time. Although they later got distribution rights from MCA Records, nothing else they put out afterwards made a dent.
Hoyt Axton had two Top 10 country hits with "When the Morning Comes" and "Boney Fingers", duets with Linda Ronstadt and (an uncredited) Renee Armand, respectively, both from 1974. Axton was more popular as a songwriter.
David Ball had a breakthrough in 1994 with "Thinkin' Problem" after a failed album back in The '80s . He then had a second hit much later in 2001 with "Riding with Private Malone". These are the only two songs by which most people would know him, as they both went to #2 on the country charts and Top 40 on the pop charts; while he did have another Top 10 country hit with "When the Thought of You Catches Up with Me" and a near-miss at #11 with "Look What Followed Me Home", neither is remembered today.
Boy Howdy had only two major hits with "She'd Give Anything" and "They Don't Make 'em Like That Anymore" in 1994. Both of these were only ever released on EP, a very unusual move in '90s country. They had a couple minor chart showings before and after it, but by 1996, Lead Bassist Jeffrey Steele went solo, becoming a popular Nashville songwriter while repeatedly trying and failing to start a solo singing career.
Jack Blanchard and Misty Morgan, a Florida-based husband-and-wife duo, had back to back hits with "Tennessee Bird Walk" and "Humphrey the Camel" in 1970, both silly, monotone novelty songs about animals. There were a few more top 40 hits, including a cover of The Fortunes' 1965 hit "You've Got Your Troubles" later in 1970, but none are played today.
Paul Brandt: While he's had plenty of hits in his native Canada, including six number one country hits and even a chart-topper on the pop side, his first two hits, "My Heart Has a History" and "I Do," are his only songs to have chart success in the U.S.
Chad Brock: The former professional wrestler had only two top 10 country hits, "Ordinary Life" and "Yes!", the latter of which went to #1 in 2000. He's never made it past No. 19 otherwise.
Jason Michael Carroll: His first two hits, "Alyssa Lies" and "Livin' Our Love Song", were also his only two big ones. He never saw Top 10 again, although he barely missed with "Where I'm From" off his second album, and probably could've had another with his followup "Hurry Home" had he not abruptly left the label with the song in the Top 15.
Kelly Clarkson has a huge catalog of pop hits, but only two at country: her redo of her 2005 hit "Because of You" with Reba McEntire , which hit #2 in 2007, and the chart-topping Jason Aldean duet "Don't You Wanna Stay" in late 2010-early 2011. She has sent a few other songs to country, but none fared as well.
Mark Collie: Despite a steady chart presence from 1990 to 1996, Mark only notched two Top 10 hits on the country charts: "Even the Man in the Moon Is Cryin'" and "Born to Love You", both from his 1993 self-titled third album.
Bucky Covington: The American Idol finalist notched two Top 10 hits off his debut: "A Different World" and "I'll Walk" ("It's Good to Be Us", released in between, just missed at #11). Underperforming singles and the closure of his label long delayed his second album, and with it, seemingly any chance at further success.
While Paul Davis is not a one- or two-hit wonder in the pop field, he had only two country hits, both of which were #1 duets: "You're Still New to Me" with Marie Osmond in 1986, and "I Won't Take Less Than Your Love" with Tanya Tucker and Paul Overstreet (mentioned below) two years later. On the country side, Davis was more successful as a songwriter.
Steve Earle : One of the pioneers of Alternative Country in The '80s , he was only able to score two big hits at country radio: "Guitar Town" and "Goodbye's All We've Got Left". His best known song "Copperhead Road", did not enter the country charts , but was a top ten smash on the Mainstream Rock chart.
Radney Foster: From 1986 to 1990, he was one-half of the duo Foster & Lloyd, which scored five straight Top 20 hits but split over Creative Differences . Foster signed to Arista Nashville in 1992 and had Top 10 hits with his first two releases: "Just Call Me Lonesome" and "Nobody Wins", but failed to score any more big hits from his next two Arista albums or three more from Dualtone. However, he remained fairly popular as a songwriter, and Keith Urban covered two tracks off his last Arista album ("Raining on Sunday" and "I'm In", the latter of which was also covered by The Kinleys in between).
David Frizzell, the younger brother of legendary singer-songwriter Lefty Frizzell, had several top 10 hits, but only two are remembered: "I'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home" and "You're the Reason God Made Oklahoma". The latter featured his frequent duet partner Shelly West (daughter of country singer Dottie West), who qualifies in her own right with both that song and "Jose Cuervo". Like Frizzell, she had a few more Top 10 hits, but none are remembered.
Bobby Goldsboro had two big country hits: the #1 "Honey" in 1968 and #7 "Watching Scotty Grow" in 1970. He had significantly more success on the pop charts.
Steve Holy: He's had a bunch of songs reach the top 30 of the Hot Country Singles chart — but only two that are truly hits. Those two are his No. 1 hits: the ballad "Good Morning Beautiful" (2002, a five-week No. 1) and the novelty "Brand New Girlfriend" (2006, one week). Both those songs get a good amount of recurrent airplay today; his other songs are completely forgotten. It doesn't help that the five singles in-between didn't appear on an album due to poor chart performance.
Jack Ingram. Popular in Texas since the mid-90s, Ingram had scraped the bottom of the charts a few times, but finally achieved a breakthrough in 2006 with the #1 hit "Wherever You Are". After several near-misses and duds, he returned to the Top 10 in 2009 with "Barefoot and Crazy", but once again failed to follow through after that. ("Love You", the followup to "Wherever You Are", just missed at #12. It didn't help that "Wherever You Are" and "Love You" were the only studio tracks off an otherwise-live album.)
Buddy Jewell, the first winner of Nashville Star . He had two #3 hits with "Help Pour Out the Rain (Lacey's Song)" and "Sweet Southern Comfort", both of which also went Top 40 on the Hot 100, but had no other big hits.
Carolyn Dawn Johnson. The Canadian singer had only two hits in the U.S.: "Complicated" and "I Don't Want You to Go". The former was also a minor AC crossover. Her momentum quickly disappeared in the U.S., but she has remained popular in her homeland.
Michael Johnson had several pop hits in the late 70s-early 80s, but after his shift to country, he only made an impression with two #1 hits: "Give Me Wings" and "The Moon Is Still Over Her Shoulder". He had a few other minor country hits, but most have been forgotten.
Tom Jones is a superstar on pop radio and especially in his native U.K., but had two big country hits with "Say You'll Stay Until Tomorrow" and "Touch Me (I'll Be Your Fool Once More)".
Kid Rock has many hits in various other genres, but only two in country. He had a hit in late 2002-early 2003 with the Sheryl Crow duet "Picture" (the official single edit had Allison Moorer singing Crow's part due to a label disagreement, but most stations played the Crow version anyway), and had a Top 5 hit in 2008 with "All Summer Long". He had a few other minor country releases, but none were hits. Crow herself had three hits at country, the other two being her 2006 appearance on Brooks & Dunn 's "Building Bridges" and the 2013 release "Easy".
Joni Lee, the daughter of Conway Twitty , had two hits with her father: the #1 "Touch the Hand" and its B-side, the #4 "Don't Cry Joni". She later released a few singles of her own, but none of them went anywhere.
Love and Theft. Their debut album produced a Top 10 hit with its lead single, "Runaway". They managed to overcome the departure of Brian Bandas and the closure of their label (Lyric Street), and scored their only #1 hit in 2011 with "Angel Eyes" on RCA. Executive Meddling killed their momentum afterward, and they exited the label.
Wayne Massey, an actor-singer ( One Life to Live ), recorded two albums for Mercury Records, but none of his solo releases went anywhere. However, he paired up with his more famous wife, 1980s hit-maker Charly McClain (best known for "Who's Cheatin' Who", which was Covered Up by Alan Jackson ), and they had two hits together: "With Just One Look in Your Eyes" and "You Are My Music, You Are My Song", both from 1985.
After Lady Antebellum 's booty call anthem disguised as a love song "Need You Now" reached #2 on the Hot 100 (and topped the AC and Hot AC charts) in 2010, they managed a #7 debut with their 2011 song "Just a Kiss". While another big AC crossover, it didn't have nearly as much staying power. Afterwards, all further success was limited to the country format.
Lila McCann, a teenage singer who made her debut in the wake of LeAnn Rimes' success. McCann had only two major hits from any of her four albums: "I Wanna Fall in Love" in 1998 and "With You" a year later.
Melba Montgomery only had two major hits in her career: "We Must Have Been Out of Our Minds", her duet with George Jones in 1963, and her own chart-topping hit "No Charge" a decade later. She is obviously not to be confused with much more well-known R&B singer Melba Moore.
Jerrod Niemann has had two #1 hits with "Lover, Lover" in 2010 and "Drink to That All Night" three years later. Although he also had a #4 hit with "What Do You Want" right after the former, it has been forgotten in comparison.
Paul Overstreet is known as a singer almost entirely for two songs: the aforementioned guest vocal with Paul Davis on Tanya Tucker's "I Won't Take Less Than Your Love", and "Daddy's Come Around" in 1990. But like Davis, he was more successful as a songwriter. Interestingly, the former served as an Early-Bird Cameo of sorts, as it was released after Overstreet left Schuyler, Knoblock & Overstreet (S-K-O) but before he began his solo career. Overstreet's son Nash is in the group Hot Chelle Rae, while his other son Chord is a cast member of Glee .
Michael Peterson is known almost entirely for his first two singles: "Drink, Swear, Steal, and Lie", which hit #3, and "From Here to Eternity", which became his only #1. While "Too Good to Be True" also notched the Top 10, it was not as remembered as the other two.
Mary Kay Place, an actress/singer known for playing Loretta Haggers on Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. She had one release in 1976 titled "Baby Boy" which was actually credited to Hagers, and went to #3. Later in 1977, she recorded under her real name as a duet partner on Willie Nelson 's "Something to Brag About", which went to #9.
Cassadee Pope, formerly the frontwoman of the pop-punk band Hey Monday, won season 3 of The Voice and channeled that into the late 2013-early 2014 hit "Wasting All These Tears", which hit #10 on the country charts and entered top 40 on the Hot 100. While none of her other solo efforts went anywhere, she re-surfaced in early 2016 as a duet partner on Chris Young's #1 hit "Think of You".
On their own, Grace Potter and the Nocturnals are a No Hit Wonder . But indepdendently of the band, Grace Potter has had two hits, both duets with Kenny Chesney : "You and Tequila" in 2011, and "Wild Child" four years later. (Strangely, she also sang on "El Cerrito Place" in between, but was not credited.)
Mike Reid. The former defensive lineman for the Cincinnati Bengals switched to a musical career in the early 1980s, with Ronnie Milsap choosing several of Reid's songs for his own. One of those songs, the #2 hit "Old Folks" in 1988, also had Reid singing duet vocals. Over two years later, Reid officially began his singing career, launched by the big #1 hit "Walk on Faith", but none of the singles off his two solo albums fared as well. Although his singing career never really panned out, he maintained a hot streak of songwriting as late as the mid-90s, and still occasionally pens songs to this day.
John Wesley Ryles had a big Top 10 hit with his 1968 debut single "Kay", and another Top 5 hit in 1977 with "Once in a Lifetime Thing". Although he charted as late as 1988, he never had any other big hits, and ultimately became a session backing vocalist.
Jo-El Sonnier, a Cajun accordionist, has been recording semi-regularly since the early 1970s. He never had a strong chart presence, with only two top 10 hits of note: "No More One More Time" and "Tear Stained Letter", the latter a cover of Richard Thompson .
Thompson Square had two #1 hits with "Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not" in 2011 and "If I Didn't Have You" two years later. While they've had two other Top 10 hits, neither one is as remembered.
Mary Lou Turner had no hits on her own, but two popular duets with Bill Anderson in 1976, the chart topping "Sometimes" and #7 "That's What Made Me Love You".
Uncle Kracker has had two country music hits. His first was accompanying Kenny Chesney on the #1 hit "When the Sun Goes Down" in 2004, and his second was the crossover "Smile" in late 2009-early 2010.
The Wreckers, a one-off pairing of pop singers Michelle Branch and Jessica Harp. They had two big hits: "Leave the Pieces" and "My, Oh My". The duo broke up after their only full album, and both resumed their solo careers. (Of course, the former is better remembered for her solo career, in which she is not a one or two hit wonder; although her success predated that of the Wreckers.)
Tammy Wynette: When the mainstream Hot 100 charts are considered, she's placed two top 20 hits and never had anything else come close to the top 40: Her iconic "Stand By Your Man" in 1968, and with The KLF "Justified and Ancient" in 1991. Of course, on the country chart, she had dozens of hits.
Disco
Chic : This disco group, led by Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards, is best remembered today for their two #1 singles: "Good Times" (which was infamously sampled in One-Hit Wonder The Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight") and the legendary "Le Freak".
Gloria Gaynor: In 1974, she had a #9 hit with her cover of "Never Can Say Goodbye", then five years later she hit #1 with "I Will Survive", which is held up as a feminist icon. After that, disco died out , preventing any further success. She's had more success in the UK, though .
Silver Convention: This West Germany-based euro-disco trio had two top 5 hits on the Billboard Hot 100: the No. 1 smash from 1975 "Fly Robin Fly" and the No. 2 hit from 1976 "Get Up and Boogie (That's Right)." That's right, they had no more hits after that in the United States.
A Taste of Honey: During the height of the disco craze, this dual-female-fronted R&B band's song "Boogie Oogie Oogie" became a number-one hit in 1978, in which the ladies laid down the groove both vocally and on guitar and bass. In 1981, they returned to the top 5 with a Westernized ballad version of Kyu Sakamoto's peppy No. 1 hit from 1963, 'Sukiyaki' — which lyrically has nothing to do with the hot beef preparation of title in either English or the original Japanese.
Electronic
Avicii: While a very big name in the world of EDM, the Swedish artist has only gotten two songs into the American Top 40. "Wake Me Up!", which holds the record for the biggest EDM hit in history (a feat only rivaled by Major Lazer's "Lean On" two years later), topped many charts and placed at #4 on the Hot 100. Later, his follow-up "Hey Brother" wasn't quite as big as its predecessor, but it was enough to hit #16. All singles since then have failed to enter the Hot 100 (largely due to radio executives screwing him over to give the former song near-unprecedented recurrent airplay ) and he is remembered by mainstream audiences as a one-hit wonder for "Wake Me Up!" (and if he is considered a two-hit wonder, "Levels" is usually cited as the second hit), but he still remains very successful in the electronic scene.
Disclosure is massively popular in their native UK but stateside they are perhaps best known for two songs; the Sam Smith -backed pop crossover "Latch" and the Lorde -backed alternative crossover "Magnets". Since the former was technically their only Top 40 hit, they are often dismissed as a One-Hit Wonder .
Major Lazer seems to be headed in this direction. In 2015, they had a massive worldwide hit with "Lean On", which topped the charts in countless countries while peaking at #4 Stateside. Their next big hit, 2016's "Cold Water", debuted in the top 2 in most countries, likely because it featured Justin Bieber . Since "Water" will be more associated with Bieber than with Major Lazer, "Lean On" will likely remain their signature .
Electronic- crunkcore band 3OH!3 had precisely two hits, "Don't Trust Me" which peaked at #7 in 2009, and "My First Kiss" (featuring Kesha , who is not a two-hit wonder) which hit #9 a year later. After that, they faded into obscurity with the other crunkcore bands. They also saw the Top 10 once again as a feature on Kesha's #7 hit "Blah Blah Blah". However, it wasn't their hit — and since neither song with Ke$ha is well-remembered today, they are usually considered a one-hit wonder for "Don't Trust Me".
Robin Schulz is a big name in the European EDM scene, but only two songs — both of them remixes — impacted US mainstream radio — Mr. Probz' "Waves" and Lilly Wood & The Prick's "Prayer in C".
Sam Martin is an unusual example, where the two hits weren't his own songs. He contributed vocals to David Guetta's hit songs "Lovers on the Sun" and "Dangerous", but other than that, he has made no impact as an artist. That said, he has had some success as a songwriter.
French comedian Lagaf' in his early sketches argued that it was easy to make house music, since the repetitive rhythm distracted the listeners from the banality of the lyrics. And he went on to prove just that: he released an intentionally poor and parodistic song named "Bo le Lavabo (WC Kiss)" which nevertheless topped the French singles chart in 1990. The year after he released another novelty song, "La Zoubida" (whose melody was based on a folk song), which became an even bigger success and stayed at the top of the charts for almost three months. After that, though, Lagaf' abandoned the world of comedy music to become a game show host and presenter.
Hip Hop
Australian-born rapper Iggy Azalea had two major hits in 2014, the chart-topping "Fancy" with Charli XCX and "Black Widow" with Rita Ora . Her only other Top 40 hits included Ariana Grande 's Problem, which wasn't her hit, "Beg for It" with MØ, which didn't go top 20, and triple offenders, Britney Spears ' "Pretty Girls", Jennifer Lopez 's "Booty" and T.I.'s "No Mediocre". Not even a year after her two big hits, she became so hated and so Deader Than Disco , it's highly unlikely she'll ever get a third big hit. She attempted to make a comeback with "Team", but it stalled out at #57 and fell off the charts very quickly.
Big Sean is massive on the urban format, but general audiences know him mostly for 2012's "Dance (A$$)" and 2015's "I Don't Fuck with You".
B.o.B had four Top 10 hits in his prime, but today he's only remembered for two — his debut #1 single "Nothin' On You" and his #2 follow-up "Airplanes". This is because he's faded into obscurity and is commonly regarded as a mere footnote on 2010s hip-hop. In fact, the former is commonly regarded today as Bruno Mars ' song, while the latter remains his only universally seen hit as a lead artist.
White southern rapper Bubba Sparxxx scored a #15 hit in 2001 with "Ugly". He dropped off the Hot 100 after that, but still remained visible in the world of hip-hop. Then, in 2006 following the crunk invasion, he came back in a big way with his #7 hit "Ms. New Booty". Once its time in the limelight was up, he faded away for good.
Diddy-Dirty Money: The collaboration between rapper Sean " Puff Daddy/P.Diddy/Diddy " Combs (who on his own isn't a one or two-hit wonder) and singers Dawn Richard (of Danity Kane fame, see below) and Kaleena Harper produced only two Top 40 hits before disbanding. The first was "Hello Good Morning" (featuring T.I.), which peaked at #27, while its follow-up "Coming Home" (featuring Skylar Grey) hit #11. The latter was the bigger hit, but didn't do as well on R&B and urban stations as the former (and it tends to be associated more with its featured vocalist — despite the fact that she was far less famous than he was going into the song).
Far East Movement had a surprise megahit in 2010 with their club anthem "Like a G6", which topped the charts and sold over 10 million digital downloads worldwide. Their follow-up "Rocketeer", which featured vocals from Ryan Tedder , reached the top 10, but has mostly been forgotten about today. Afterwards they faded back into obscurity, with only one near-Top 20 hit with "Live My Life" solely due to a Justin Bieber feature. All their other singles bombed and their follow-up album barely scratched the Billboard 200. Today they're commonly regarded as a one-hit wonder for "Like a G6".
Fort Minor , the side-project of Linkin Park 's Mike Shinoda, is primarily known for two songs — The soft pop crossover "Where'd You Go?" and the popular sports anthem "Remember the Name". While the former was technically their only hit, the latter is far better remembered. After that, the project went on an indefinite hiatus with no material being made for nearly a decade. However, Fort Minor has returned , so it's possible they might be able to produce another hit in the future.
French Montana had several rap hits, but he's only had two Top 40 hits as a lead artist: 2012's "Pop That" and 2016's "No Shopping", which both reached #36.
Compton-born rapper The Game had two massive crossover hits in the mid-00s, both of which featured eventual Evil Former Friend 50 Cent — "How We Do" and "Hate It or Love It". He also had two other minor hits with "Dreams" and "My Life", but neither of which are well-remembered today.
New York rapper of The LOX fame Jadakiss scored two back-to-back hits solo in 2004: "Why?" featuring Anthony Hamilon, and "U Make Me Wanna" featuring Mariah Carey . After that, he faded back into relative obscurity with only a cult following at best (not helped by his numerous charges for possessing marijuana ).
Jim Jones had only two hits with 2007's "We Fly High" and 2009's "Pop Champagne". His followups weren't particularly successful on urban radio, let alone the Top 40.
Junior M.A.F.I.A., an 8 member hip-hop group associated with The Notorious B.I.G. scored a pair of hits in the '90s before breaking up; their #5 "Player's Anthem" and their #17 "Get Money". Afterwards, member Lil Kim went solo and had much more success.
Juvenile was massive in late '90s and early '00s, but only appeared in the Top 40 twice. 1999's "Back That Azz Up" hit #19 while 2004's "Slow Motion" topped the Billboard Hot 100. In an interesting case, despite their vast difference in peaks, the latter has not eclipsed the former in the same way that other songs with similar peaks do, and the former could be more well known today.
Alternative Hip Hop artist Kid Cudi has a large fanbase, but only appeared in the Top 40 exactly twice. His first was his signature #3 "Day 'n' Nite", and then his #22 "Erase Me" featuring Kanye West .
Before Lil Mama was out of her teen years, she scored two #10 hits: "Lip Gloss" and "Shawty Got Loose" during 2007-8. She has not charted since, and the latter song is completely forgotten today, likely because it featured T-Pain and Chris Brown , neither of whom are particularly popular anymore . As such, she is now considered a one-hit wonder for "Lip Gloss".
Despite LMFAO having two minor hits in 2009 and scraping the top 40 on a David Guetta track in 2010, this EDM-pop-rap duo are primarily known for two back-to-back, highly memetic #1 songs with "Party Rock Anthem" and "Sexy and I Know It". Both of them were chart-toppers, and are among the best-selling digital singles of all time (the former is notable for being the best-selling song of all time in Australia). This was before they went on an indefinite hiatus in 2012 due to Creative Differences , and faded back into obscurity. How far they have fallen? Well, Redfoo's solo album sold 144 copies in Australia. That's not a typo.
Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch: Mark Wahlberg , before his successful acting career, had a number-one hit with "Good Vibrations" and then hit the top 10 with the Lou Reed-sampling "Wildside." Marky Mark is more often considered a one-hit wonder than a two-hit wonder.
New York rapper Maino had two hits: " Hi Hater " and "All the Above". While the latter was the larger hit of the two, it's more commonly attributed to featured guest artist T-Pain , who "sings" the chorus.
MC Hammer had five top 10 hits but to most people born after his prime he's known as a two-hit wonder for "U Can't Touch This" and "2 Legit 2 Quit" — at least, to the minority that doesn't consider him one-hit wonder for the former. What's more, neither song was his biggest hit on the Hot 100 : The less remembered "Pray" made it to #2 thanks to strong CD single sales ("U Can't Touch This" was a radio smash, but physical copies were much scarcer).
Mystikal broke through in a big way with his subtle ode the shaking butts with "Shake Ya Ass", which hit #13. He then followed that success with "Danger (Been So Long)" which fell one space shorter at #14. His next single "Bounchin' Back" managed to scrape the Top 40 at #37, but was quickly forgotten. After that, he never saw the Hot 100 as the lead again, mainly due to him getting arrested for crimes involving sexual battery and extortion.
PSY is already very successful in South Korea, but this rapper is technically a two-hit wonder worldwide with "Gangnam Style" and "Gentleman" (or three-hit, if you add the minor hit "Hangover"), but he is instead remembered as a one-hit wonder for the formermost song.
Atlanta rapper Soulja Boy has two big hits to his name. The first was his debut #1 hit "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" in 2007, which brought snap music into the mainstream. People hoped — no, prayed — that he would become a one-hit wonder. Then a year later, he released "Kiss Me Thru the Phone", which hit #3. He had three other minor hits, "Soulja Girl", "Pretty Boy Swag", and "Turn My Swag On", to his name, but neither (especially not the former) is remembered today. After that, he was hit with a massive backlash that prevented him from ever seeing the Top 40 again , and "Phone" is only remembered by Tell Em's fanbase.
Tone Lōc: Before he became a D-list actor. the former Anthony Smith had a pair of massive rap hits in 1989: The Van Halen-sampling "Wild Thing" and the sound-alike follow up "Funky Cold Medina" which was based off of a sample of Free's "All Right Now." Its parent album Lōc-ed After Dark even topped the Billboard 200! Despite the success, the follow up album, Cool Hand Lōc never even made it onto the chart.
After "Ice Ice Baby" became the first rap single to top the Hot 100, Vanilla Ice sent a remake of "Play That Funky Music" into the Top 5. Despite the success, "Play That Funky Music" is almost completely forgotten today (Ice's version was blacklisted by most radio stations after he lost a lawsuit against Wild Cherry's lead singer, so the original gets all the airplay these days ), and "Ice Ice Baby" is usually one of the first songs people associate with the tag "one-hit wonder."
Pop
Norwegian new wave group aha had two top 40 hits in 1985: the #1 smash "Take On Me" led way to the #20 hit "The Sun Always Shines on TV". Since "Sun" is in the U.S. mostly forgotten today, a-ha is often considered a one-hit wonder for the former song. Of course, back in Europe (and especially their native Norway) they were absolutely massive.
Alphaville: They are know for two songs in the U.S., "Big in Japan" and "Forever Young", with the latter generally being the better known of the two, especially after Jay-Z sampled it.
Animotion: They stormed the charts in 1985 with "Obsession" before completely fading away. They had a comeback in 1989 thanks to the song "Room to Move". They are today usually considered a one-hit wonder for the former as only it is still remembered today.
The Applejacks (not to be confused with the British group) were a group of American studio musicians led by Philadelphia-based musician Dave Appell. Their only hits were "Mexican Hat Rock" a modernized version of the popular Mexican hat folk dance, which hit #16 on the charts in 1958, and "Rocka-Conga", which hit #38 later that year. Dave Appell went on to become an important employee for Cameo-Parkway Records, as a session musician, background vocalist, engineer, arranger, producer and songwriter on several of their big hits by such artists as Chubby Checker, Bobby Rydell, Dee Dee Sharp, The Dovells and the Orlons.
In 2006 and 2008, British singer Natasha Bedingfield had two hits in the U.S. with "Unwritten" and "Pocketful of Sunshine" respectively, which both peaked at #5. Afterwards, she completely fell out of the public's eye outside a 2011 guest appearance on Rascal Flatts ' "Easy" (#3 country, #43 pop). She is more successful back home however.
Bob the Builder : the children's character voiced by Neil Morrissey had a UK Christmas number one in 2000 with an extended version of his theme song "Can We Fix It?", which was the biggest selling single of the year. The next year, he had another number one hit with a rewritten version of "Mambo No. 5" by Lou Bega . In 2008, a third song "Big Fish Little Fish" was released, but only peaked at 81.
Irene Cara had three top 10 hits, " Fame ", the #1 " Flashdance (What a Feeling) ", and " Breakdance ", but only the former two are remembered today.
Vanessa Carlton : In 2002 and 2003, this singer and pianist had two top-40 hits. "A Thousand Miles" was a #5 hit, and "Ordinary Day" was a #30 hit. Because "Ordinary" was quickly forgotten because of its low peak, she's still commonly regarded as a one-hit wonder for the former.
Tracy Chapman : One of adult-alternative's biggest female pioneers also saw mainstream success with two songs. First, "Fast Car" became a surprise hit in the summer of 1988 and earned her a Grammy for Best New Artist. Then, for eight years, she remained a one-hit wonder. However, in 1996, her song "Give Me One Reason" became an even bigger hit than "Fast Car" was. That was the last time Tracy Chapman ever had pop radio success.
Neneh Cherry: Swedish pop-rap musician Cherry had two major 1989 hits in the U.S., "Buffalo Stance" and "Kisses on the Wind," the latter of which became a minor hit for Lumidee in 2007. She's had significantly more success in other countries.
NYC dance-rock group Cobra Starship had a minor hit with the " Snakes on a Plane " theme. Two bona-fide hits came later in 2009's "Good Girls Go Bad" and 2011's "You Make Me Feel", both hitting #7 on the Hot 100. That's where the success stopped. The guest singers on the songs ( Leighton Meester and Sabi, respectively) are both one-hit wonders, although the former is notable as an actress .
Paula Cole burst onto the scene in 1997 with "Where Have All The Cowboys Gone?" which hit No. 8 and earned her a Grammy for Best New Artist. The follow up "I Don't Want To Wait" just missed the top 10, but is unquestionably the better remembered of the two today thanks to its status as the theme song to Dawson's Creek .
The second season of "Making the Band" gave way to girl group Danity Kane. Two songs, their debut "Show Stopper" and 2008's "Damaged" went top 10 on the Hot 100. They never visited the top 40 again, and broke up in 2009.
British singer Craig David's success in the United States began with his first single and subsequently ended with his second. He hit #15 in 2001 with his debut "Fill Me In" and then #10 with his follow-up "7 Days". His next single "Walking Away" fizzled out at #44, and he never saw chart action again. In the UK however, he's had numerous hits and is never thought of as a two-hit wonder there.
Kiki Dee's legacy begins and ends with two songs: "I've Got the Music In Me" and "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" (a duet with Elton John .
Dido was absolutely massive all over the world in the early-'00s, but the British singer technically only had two Top 40 hits in America. The first was her #3 "Thank You" (famously sampled in Eminem 's "Stan", which actually didn't make the Top 40 yet is better remembered than "Thank You" today), and then her #18 "White Flag" in 2003.
Dream was Danity Kane's predecessor on Bad Boy Records. Their debut single "He Loves U Not" managed to chart at #2. Follow-up single "This is Me" only charted at #39 and waning interest after that led to their breakup.
Robbie Dupree: His 1980 top 10 hit "Steal Away" and its top 20 follow-up "Hot Rod Hearts" are the only songs fans remember today.
Dupree would make a brief comeback in 1987 when he recorded the song "Girls in Cars" for the WWF's music album, "Piledriver II: The Wrestling Album," and an instrumental version was used as the entrance theme for the the tag team Strike Force ( Tito Santana and Rick Martel ), but the song failed to chart on the Hot 100.
Enya: The Irish singer-songwriter is only known in America for "Orinoco Flow" and "Only Time," although she fared much better in the UK and her native Ireland.
Five For Fighting (which is one guy, by the way) had two major top 40 hits: the #14 "Superman (It's Not Easy)", which saw massive airplay following the The 9/11 attacks , and the #28 "100 Years" (which didn't do much on pop but performed well enough on AC radio to be remembered). His third top 40 hit is the #40 "The Riddle", which isn't as well-remembered as the former two.
fun. had "We Are Young" (featuring Janelle Mon�e ) and "Some Nights" in 2011-2012. The former was a #1 hit and the latter went to #3. "Carry On" followed at #20, but it has been quickly forgotten unlike its predecessors, and the band has not charted since and has entered an indefinite hiatus.
David Geddes: Two songs � both about death � were this Michigan soft rock singer's lone top 20 pop hits, both in 1975. The first was "Run, Joey, Run" (a story about a young girl trying to warn her boyfriend that her father plans to kill him, only for the father to accidentally fatally shoot his daughter), with the second being "Last Game of the Season (The Blind Man in the Bleachers)" (where a junior varsity high school football player's father, who is blind, dies; the news motivates the player to his biggest game ever and results in a come-from-behind win for his team). He would later have a minor hit under his own name, David Idema, called "House on Holly Road," but that one is not nearly as well known as his first two hits.
General Public, a new-wave supergroup formed from the ashes of the English Beat, had two major hits in America, 1985's "Tenderness" and 1994's "I'll Take You There." Of course, they are considered a one-hit wonder for the former as it was their original song while the latter was another example of cover that quickly faded back into the shadow of its original version .
Andrew Gold is another unusual scenario. He had a #7 with "Lonely Boy" in 1977 and a #25 with "Thank You For Being A Friend" a year later. While "Lonely Boy" is still a '70s classic, it is "Thank You For Being A Friend" that is the better remembered of the two today as it is the theme to The Golden Girls .
Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds: A soft-rock trio from the early- to mid-1970s, who hit No. 4 on the Hot 100 in July 1971 with "Don't Pull Your Love." After several years of failing to hit the top 40, they released the single "Fallin' in Love" in June 1975 (Ironically, Reynolds had left by that time), and two months later had their only No. 1 hit. While they had another top 25 hit after that, only those first two songs are remembered today.
Albert Hammond: Although he had more success in his native United Kingdom, in the U.S. he is best known for his 1972 top-5 pop hit "It Never Rains in Southern California." He had only one other top 40 hit as a performer � 1974's "I'm a Train," peaking at No. 31. However, he did have a No. 1 hit as a songwriter, co-writing with Carol Bayer Sager "When I Need You," which became a huge hit for Leo Sayer in 1977.
Corey Hart: Canadian pop singer Hart only had two top 10 hits in the U.S.: Firstly, he hit No. 7 with the new-wave classic "Sunglasses at Night." One year later, he's No. 3 with his ballad "Never Surrender." Ironically, the former song is far better remembered than the latter despite having a lower peak position. Averted back home in Canada, as he had three #1's (including "Surrender") and seven other top 10 hits.
Sophie B. Hawkins: American pop-rock singer Hawkins had two top 10 hits: 1992's "Damn, I Wish I Was Your Lover" and 1995's "As I Lay Me Down." Nothing else ever hit the top 40 for her.
Dan Hill: This Canadian soft-rock singer had a massive hit in 1977 with "Sometimes When We Touch," before making a surprise comeback nearly 10 years later with "Can't We Try," a duet with Vonda Sheppard. Hill has had better luck on the AC charts ("Never Thought (That I could Love)") and as a songwriter.
Rupert Holmes: After "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" topped the charts in 1979, he followed it up with a second top 10 hit, "Him." No more hits followed, and he is now considered a one-hit wonder for "Escape".
Janis Ian: In 1967, this folk-styled singer-songwriter recorded a hit called "Society's Child," and had a No. 14 hit with it. Nothing more seemed to come up for the New York City native, and she was even featured in a 1973 American Top 40 special on one-hit wonders . Ian would be one of the only artists featured in that special to have a follow-up hit, as it turned out ... and it came in 1975 with her memorable song about a shunned teen-ager who could only watch (she wasn't even so much as thrown a bone ) as all her popular classmates got all the attention and accolades. "At Seventeen" would reach the top 10 of the Hot 100 and be a No. 1 adult contemporary hit, and even landed her the first episode of Saturday Night Live . Ian had a couple more top 25 AC chart hits, but never did reach even the mainstream Hot 100's top 40 again. Today, Ian's name is probably better known as that of Lizzy Caplan's character from Mean Girls than of a singer.
Information Society: In 1988, this dance quartet from Minneapolis had a smash hit called "What's On Your Mind (Pure Energy)." They returned to the top 10 one more time with "Walking Away," which was practically the same song as its predecessor. While they did have another top 30 hit in 1990 called "Think," their career was already done.
Jason Mraz actually has had three Top 40 hits, yet only two of them are remembered today: "The Remedy" and "I'm Yours". The former was his first hit of all-time that reached #15 on the Hot 100 and afterwards he faded out of public consciousness and became a one-hit wonder. However, that later changed when he made a comeback with the latter song, which became a hit five years his obscurity and far outpeaked "The Remedy", and undoubtedly remains his biggest hit of all-time.
Carly Rae Jepsen , a former contestant on Canadian Idol , was known as a moderately successful musician in Canada when she released the song "Call Me Maybe". One Justin Bieber tweet later and it was topping singles charts worldwide and a massive pop culture phenomenon. She followed it up with the Owl City duet "Good Time" which, while not as massive as "Call Me Maybe" was another big hit as well. Unfortunately, she remained so closely tied to her megahit that she was ultimately perceived as a novelty act. Thus, the public dumped her in a jiffy. Today, "Good Time" is all but forgotten and "Call Me Maybe" has become a textbook one-hit wonder. She attempted a Career Resurrection three years later with "I Really Like You", which was well-received and made the top 40; however, it only made #39 for one week before dropping off immediately.
Jesus Jones: This British dance-rock group, alongside EMF, seemed to be starting a new trend of music when their hit song "Right Here, Right Now" hit #2. The #4 follow up "Real, Real, Real" gave the band a second hit, and they never again touched the Hot 100. A few more hits back home and on the modern rock airplay charts followed, but they went untouched by US pop radio. Nowadays, only the former is still well-remembered, so they are often considered a one-hit wonder.
Tara Kemp: This pop singer from California had a No. 3 hit with "Hold You Tight" and a No. 7 hit with "Piece Of My Heart," but after one follow up barely made it onto the Hot 100, her career was over in a flash.
The Left Banke had two hits in 1966: "Walk Away Renee" and "Pretty Ballerina", before vanishing away instantly.
LFO, a three-man pop/rap group from Massachusetts, followed the boy band craze by hitting the top 3 with "Summer Girls." They followed up with "Girl on TV" which made it to #10. Despite nearly going top 40 one more time with 2001's "Every Other Time", they failed to have any more success. Since "Girl on TV" is mostly forgotten today, they're usually considered a one-hit wonder for "Summer Girls".
Lorde is one of the most beloved acts of the 2010s, but "Royals" and "Team" are her only mainstream hits.
The McCoys: In 1965, this up-and-coming rock band from Indiana topped the charts with their first entry "Hang On Sloopy." The follow-up "Fever," a cover of the Peggy Lee/Little Willie John classic that sounds almost exactly like "Sloopy", was their only other big hit.
Glenn Medeiros: A Hawaiian singer of Portuguese descent, this teen pop star had a hit in 1987 with "Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You," which topped the charts in the UK but only hit No. 12 in the U.S., In 1990, he made a surprise comeback with the Bobby Brown collaboration "She Ain't Worth It," which topped the charts in the U.S. but only hit No. 12 in the UK, a complete 180º from his 1987 placement. A minor hit, "All I'm Missing Is You," with Ray Parker, Jr., cracked the U.S. top 40 later that year, but failed to chart anywhere else.
Melanie: Another folk-pop songstress, she had a hit in 1970 with "Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)," featuring the Edwin Hawkins singers, and topped the charts on her own in 1971 with "Brand New Key." She hasn't hit the top 30 since, but had four other hits in the Top 40.
Men Without Hats : The Canadian band released the massively memetic "Safety Dance" in 1982, which peaked at #3. It seemed like they were a one-hit wonder, since none of their follow-ups charted. This is, until they released "Pop Goes the World", which hit #20 five years later. They are still considered to be a One-Hit Wonder for their first hit.
Mike Posner is only known for 2010's "Cooler Than Me" and his 2016 comeback hit "I Took A Pill In Ibiza". "Please Don't Go" reached #16 in 2010 and "Bow Chicka Wow Wow (featuring Lil Wayne ) followed up at #30, but since they were nowhere near as massive as their predecessor, they became quickly forgotten by general audiences; even Posner himself acknowledges himself as a One-Hit Wonder in "Ibiza" with the line "pop song people forgot". Note how he uses the term "song" instead of "songs"; he's referring to "Cooler Than Me" and how it faded into obscurity, because he knows no one remembers "Please Don't Go" or "Bow Chicka Wow Wow" today.
The Mindbenders: Fronted by Wayne Fontana, this Manchester-based pop-rock band topped the charts in 1965 with "Game of Love." Exactly one year later, the Mindbenders, sans Fontana, reached the number-two spot with "A Groovy Kind of Love." Eric Stewart, the band's guitarist, would later have success with 10cc.
Naked Eyes: This duo's 1983 cover of the beloved Burt Bacharach/Hal David standard "Always Something There to Remind Me" set the blueprint for their smooth brand of weepy synthpop. Unfortunately, the competition for running-mascara hits was pretty stiff in 1983, and after barely missing the Top Ten with the more maudlin original "Promises, Promises," the Brits sulked off into eternity.
Natalie Imbruglia: While still fairly popular in her native Australia and internationally, only two of her songs impacted American audiences. Her debut single "Torn" ( which was a cover from a little-known band called Ednaswap ), which hit #1 airplay and remained there for a whopping eleven weeks. Her follow-up "Wishing I Was There" wasn't quite as big as her former song, but it still reached #15 airplay.note Neither song officially charted in their initial run due to a rule at the time that prevented songs from charting on the Hot 100, but it has since been revised. The former was eventually released where it hit a peak of #42. After that she faded into complete obscurity in the US and is thought of as a One-Hit Wonder for her first song, and she hasn't toured North America since the early-2000s.
O-Town: Two massive hits in 2001 graced this boy band formed on the show "Making the Band." Debut single "Liquid Dreams" went straight to the top 10, while follow-up "All or Nothing" became an even bigger hit. Unfortunately, the hype faded by 2002, and after the moderately successful "These Are The Days," the group faded into obscurity.
Oliver! : He became an overnight sensation in the summer of 1969, when his recording of "Good Morning Starshine" reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in July of that year, sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. a month later. That fall, "Jean", a softer, ballad single bested his previous effort by one, reaching No. 2 on the Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart. It also sold over one million copies, garnering Oliver his second gold disc in as many months. He never enjoyed the same success with any other song, however, retiring from the music industry in the 1980s. He died of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2000. Today, he is remembered mainly for singing the two aforementioned songs.
Owl City : Adam Young's electronica project scored two hits in its run. The first was "Fireflies" in 2009, which became an unexpected chart-topping hit. After that, it seemed like he was doomed to the term "one-hit wonder", since none of his songs released afterwards came even close to the Top 40. Then, in 2012, he collaborated with "Call Me Maybe" star Carly Rae Jepsen to make the song "Good Time", which hit #8 on the chart that summer. Much like what happened to the other half of the duet, he is still often regarded as a one-hit wonder for "Fireflies".
Phillip Phillips: After winning the eleventh season of American Idol , he became known solely for two hits (neither of which he wrote). The first was "Home", his Idol winner's single, which peaked at #6, and the second was "Gone, Gone, Gone", which peaked at #24. However, both songs dominated AC radio. He even managed to get his debut album to go platinum. After that however, he faded into obscurity. His second album charted lower and dropped off immediately, and the lead single "Raging Fire" only peaked at #58 (though it did fare better on the aforementioned AC radio), while its second single "Unpack Your Heart" failed to chart anywhere.
Real Mccoy: The German eurodance group had two #3 hits in 1995, "Another Night" and "Run Away". Although "One More Time" and a cover of the '70s classic "Come And Get Your Love" also hit the Top 40 in the United States, those songs are all but forgotten today.
The Rembrandts hit #14 in 1991 with "Just The Way It Is, Baby" before quickly vanishing. Then, their 1995 song "I'll Be There For You" hit #17 (and #1 on radio, only underperforming on the Hot 100 due to a late single release) after it was picked up as the theme song for the popular sitcom Friends . Today, much like the Paula Cole example above, the former is largely forgotten while the latter remains one of the decade's most recognizable songs the enduring popularity of the series it is attached to.
Sam Smith 's only hits as a lead artist are "Stay With Me" and "I'm Not The Only One". The former was his Breakthrough Hit that reached #2 on the Billboard Hot 100, whereas the latter peaked three spots below at #5. He was credited as a featured artist on Disclosure's "Latch" and Naughty Boy's "La La La", and while he's more associated with those songs than the lead artists, they aren't technically his hits. "Lay Me Down" went Top 10 in 2015, but since it fell off immediately after its debut and recieved minimal airplay, it has been mostly forgotten about today.
Denver-based pop-rock band Sugarloaf had a major hit in 1970 with "Green-Eyed Lady" before completely vanishing off the face of this earth. However, five years later, they made an unexpected comeback with "Don't Call Us, We'll Call You," which proved to be another top 10 hit.
10cc: Just like the Mindbenders, Stewart's second group also had only two major American hits with 1975's "I'm Not In Love" and 1977's "The Things We Do for Love." Meanwhile, in the UK they had nine Top 10 hits , with three of them reaching #1.
Suzanne Vega: One of adult-alternative radio's pioneering females had only two songs that crossed over onto pop radio. In 1987, her tune "Luka" became a surprise summer hit. Then, in 1990, she teamed up with dance producers D.N.A. for a radio-friendly remix of her acapella "Tom's Diner."
Til Tuesday: The Bostonian band had a big hit with their debut single "Voices Carry" in 1985, reaching #8. The next year, "What About Love" wasn't quite as big, but it was enough to reach #26. When their third album failed to produce any hits, their lead singer chose to focus on her solo career. Today, "What About Love" is all but forgotten while "Voices Carry" is a textbook example of an '80s one-hit wonder.
Swedish singer Tove Lo has a large following, but her only Top 40 hits are "Habits" and "Talking Body". She was featured on Alesso's "Heroes" and Nick Jonas's "Close", but neither really count as her hit.
KT Tunstall : The Scottish singer is known in America for just two songs: "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree" and "Suddenly I See."
Kim Wilde: The British singer is an interesting case. Much like Andrew Gold (see above) or Sisqo (see below), she's had two hits in the United States, but is often thought of as a one-hit wonder... for the song with the lower chart peak. Her signature 1981 song "Kids in America" only reached #25, while her cover of The Supremes ' "You Keep Me Hangin' On", released five years later, topped the Billboard Hot 100... but the Supremes' version is starting to push Wilde's version into obscurity
R&B
Amerie : In 2002, she released "Why Don't We Fall in Love?", which hit #23. Three years later, she made "1 Thing" for Hitch soundtrack, and it reached #8. After that, nothing. She is more often thought of as a one-hit wonder rather than a two-hit wonder.
Another Bad Creation, a preteen hip-hop group, exploded out the gate with two back-to-back Top 10 hits in early '90s with the #9 "Iesha" and the #10 "Playground". Those two singles were also their only entries on the Hot 100.
Aaron Neville: In 1966, he scored his first crossover hit with his #2 "Tell It Like It Is". For a long time, he was a one-hit wonder until his cover of The Main Ingredient's "Everybody Plays the Fool" hit #8 25 years later. He also had two hit duets with Linda Ronstadt, The #2 "Don't Know Much" and #11 "All My Life", and while they were credited for reviving his long-dormant career , they are considered Ronstadt's hits rather than his and can't disqualify his two-hit wonder status.
Blaque: A girl-group similar to TLC, Blaque had a pair of hits in 1999 and 2000, the R. Kelly-penned "808" and the JC Chasez collaboration "Bring It All To Me."
Taio Cruz dominated 2010 with the one-two punch of "Break Your Heart," which shot to the top of the charts in a heartbeat, and "Dynamite," one of the best-selling digital songs of all time. After that, he had a minor hit with "Higher" and then, nothing.
The Foundations: In existence for a very brief time in the late '60s and early '70s, the seven-piece ensemble scored two hit songs in the earlier half of their career: "Baby, Now That I've Found You" (#11, 1967) and "Build Me Up Buttercup" (#3, 1968).
J. Holiday is only known for "Bed" and "Suffocate". The former was a major #5 hit for him, while the latter finished at #18. Afterwards, he never had another song hit the Hot 100 again.
Jimmy Jones: The Alabama-born Jones had a massive hit in 1960 with "Handy Man", which hit No. 2 on the Hot 100. He followed up with "Good Timin'" which made it to No. 3. However, after that, his career went nowhere and he faded back into obscurity.
Kelis: She scored a #3 hit with her booty-anthem "Milkshake" in 2004, and then in 2006 she landed at #16 with "Bossy" which was supposed to be her comeback song . As it turned out, it was only her second and final song to enter the Billboard charts. Today, "Bossy" is almost completely forgotten while "Milkshake" has become a oft-cited example of a modern one-hit wonder.
Leona Lewis : The X-Factor winner had a lot of hits in her native UK, but she's only had two big hits stateside. The first was her chart topping megahit "Bleeding Love" in 2008, which was one of the best-selling singles of the 00s, and the second was her direct follow-up "Better In Time", which hit #11 the same year. She managed to scrape the lower-end of the Top 40 at #31 with "Happy" two years later, but she's never appeared on the Top 40 ever since. Nowadays, she's only known as " that girl that made Bleeding Love ", and for gamers, she's known for making "My Hands", the Final Fantasy XIII ending theme, but that doesn't really count as a "hit". Nowadays, X Factor is probably best known in the U.S. for its discovery of a different act who has had far more success than her .
The Manhattans: While they have had considerably more success commercially on the Hot R&B Singles charts, this Jersey City, N.J.-based group has but two major hits on the Hot 100, and both are staples of classic hits/oldies radio: "Kiss and Say Goodbye" (a No. 1 hit from 1976) and "Shining Star," a top 5 hit from the summer of 1980.
Curtis Mayfield : Despite being a highly influential R&B singer, he has had only two major pop hits, "Freddie's Dead" and "Superfly," both from the film Superfly.. His biggest UK hit however was Move On Up, as sampled by Kanye West for his hit "Touch the Sky"
Maxine Nightingale is yet another example of an artist whose two hits are greatly spaced apart. Her first hit, the 1976 No. 2 "Right Back Where We Started From" has been used in countless movies, while the slow ballad "Lead Me On" was written by future one-hit wonder David Lasley. Many modern day audiences, however, see her as a one-hit wonder for the former.
Candi Staton: While she's had considerable success as an R&B artist, as a mainstream artist she reached the top 20 just twice in her career: Her 1970 cover of Tammy Wynette's "Stand By Your Man" and in 1976 her pop-disco smash "Young Hearts Run Free."
Sisqo: Dru Hill's frontman is another interesting case, in that he had two big hits but is usually considered a one-hit wonder, for the song that had the lower chart peak! His signature "Thong Song" hit number 3, while his follow up "Incomplete" is almost completely forgotten (as is the fact that he was in Dru Hill) despite the fact that it topped the Billboard Hot 100.
Soul II Soul: The British vocal group have had numerous hits in their native country, but only two traveled across the pond — their #11 "Keep On Movin'" and their #4 "Back to Life (However Do You Want Me)".
Sylvia: One of two artists who reached the Billboard Hot 100 using this name (Indiana native and country singer Sylvia Kirby was the other), Sylvia Robinson is known primarily for two hits. Her first was in 1957, as part of a duet with rhythm and blues guitarist Mickey Baker with "Love is Strange"; they'd be credited as "Mickey & Sylvia. For 16 years, Robinson was a one-hit wonder, but joined the two-hit club in 1973 with one of disco's earliest hits: "Pillow Talk" (not to be confused with the 2016 #1 by former One Direction memeber Zayn), a song she had written for Al Green (but he rejected due to its strong sexual overtones and orgasmic beat); the song was a No. 1 R&B chart smash and a No. 3 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, and did well internationally as well. Robinson later founded Sugar Hill Records, which became a pioneering recording label for hip-hop music, with hits like "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang and The Message by Grandmaster Flash And The Furious Five .
Robin Thicke only had two songs that reached the Top 20; "Lost Without U" released in 2007 which peaked at #14, and "Blurred Lines" released in 2013 which topped the Billboard charts (along with many other charts) and was the best-selling single of that year. Since his latest album was a flop and the former song was virtually unknown outside of R&B audiences, his latter song will likely make him one of the biggest examples of a modern one-hit wonder in the public's eye. He also had a #25 song with "Give It 2 U" that was forgotten almost instantly.
The Time: They had two top 20 hits: the #20 "Jungle Love" from 1984 and their 1990 reunion single "Jerk-Out", which hit #9. Ironically, the former is today by far the better-remembered of the two despite peaking much lower on the charts.
Reggae
Snow: The Canadian artist's debut single "Informer" topped the US Hot 100 for a whopping seven weeks, despite being in jail at the time of it's release and no one could understand what he was saying . His follow-up "Girl I've Been Hurt" reached the #19 position, but after that he never charted again. Today, he is only remembered for his first hit, and if the latter song is brought up, it's credited for destroying his career .
Rock
The Automatic looked like they would be stuck as a One-Hit Wonder with the incredibly Ear Worm -y "Monster", but then managed a comeback a few years later with the success of "Steve McQueen". Then, after another hitless album, they seemingly vanished again.
Bad English: The John Waite-fronted supergroup of the late '80s had two top 10 hits with the power ballads "When I See You Smile" and "Price of Love."
Waite's first group, The Babys, also had only two successful songs: "Isn't It Time" and "Every Time I Think of You," both of which hit No. 13 on the Hot 100.
Canadian band Barenaked Ladies only managed to get two Top 40 hits down south. Their single "One Week" became an unlikely chart-topper, spending (fittingly) one week atop the Hot 100 in 1998. Two years later, they released "Pinch Me", which hit #15. Their success ended afterwards, and are often thought of as a One-Hit Wonder for the former. They have had consistent success back home, however.
Blues Traveler scored a massive #8 hit with "Run Around" in 1995, and followed it up with a #23 "Hook". Those were also their only entries on the Hot 100, and are often regarded as a one-hit wonder for the former.
Blue Swede: This pop-rock cover band only lasted two years from 1973 to 1975, and during that time they had exactly two hits, both in 1974. The first was their chart-topping cover of BJ Thomas' "Hooked on a Feeling", and the second was their cover of The Association's "Never My Love", which went Top 10. Today, the latter is almost completely forgotten (with the Association's original remaining the most enduring version of the song ), while the former has remained relevant through its use in pop culture (featured in Reservoir Dogs and prominently in the blockbuster Guardians of the Galaxy ) and has completely eclipsed the original in the public's eye . They are often thought of as a one-hit wonder.
Lindsey Buckingham: The lead guitarist and male lead singer for the iconic Anglo-American blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac , Buckingham has attempted a solo career. His only two notable solo efforts, at least from a Hot 100 standpoint, are "Trouble" (1982, his only top 10 hit) and "Go Insane" (a top 25 hit from 1984, although this was a top 5 hit on the Mainstream Rock charts).
That said, a third single � "Holiday Road" � is well known, despite its low charting position (No. 82 on the Hot 100); it can be heard during the opening of the classic comedy film National Lampoon's Vacation starring Chevy Chase and Beverly D'Angelo.
Swedish band The Cardigans are a One-Hit Wonder on pop in America, with "Lovefool" being their only success on the mainstream format. That said, they've managed two hits on modern rock — The aforementioned "Lovefool" which hit #9, and "My Favourite Game" from their follow-up album, which reached #16. Afterwards, they never saw an American chart again, though they've managed to remain popular in their native Sweden.
The Clash : You certainly can't say the British rockers lack recognition, seeing as how they're one of the most famous and acclaimed Punk Rock bands of all time and a first-ballot entry into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. However, from a single standpoint, they've only managed to get two songs into the American Top 40, which is two more than most punk bands can hope for. Specifically, their two Top 40 hits are "Train in Vain" which peaked at #23 in 1980, and "Rock the Casbah" which hit #8 two years later. Both songs are classics (especially "Casbah"), but neither is among their two signatures . Those would be "London Calling" (which didn't chart) or "Should I Stay or Should I Go?" (which fell short at #45).
Cream: They only had two crossover hits, "Sunshine of Your Love" and "White Room." Frontman Eric Clapton later went on to have a hugely successful solo career.
Crowded House : While they were much bigger everywhere else, Crowded House only managed two big hits in the U.S. with "Don't Dream It's Over" and "Something So Strong."
Cutting Crew: After "(I Just) Died in Your Arms" went #1 US for this British group, they had a second top 10 hit with "I've Been In Love Before." While it did reach #9 on the US charts, unlike its predecessor it wasn't a big hit anywhere else. They did manage to eke out a #38 with "One for the Mockingbird," but that never went top 40 in any other country.
The Cyrkle: They didn't last very long, but in 1966 they hit the Top 20 twice with the Paul Simon-penned "Red Rubber Ball" (#2) and the less memorable "Turn Down Day" (#16).
The Dandy Warhols are quite popular in the U.K, but to American audiences are only known for "Bohemian Like You" and "We Used To Be Friends." While technically only the former charted the latter is best known from Veronica Mars .
Deep Purple : One of the founders of Heavy Metal as a whole, the British band only had two big hits on US pop during their run: " Hush " in 1968 and "Smoke on the Water" in 1973, both of them peaked at #4. Of course, on rock radio, they get tons of airplay for their body of work. They also had a #38 hit in 1968 with "Kentucky Woman", which was forgotten almost instantly.
EMF: The British alternative rock/dance band scored a chart topping hit 1990 with "Unbelievable", then a #18 the next year with "Lies". Soon afterwards, the grunge invasion struck the public consciousness and changed the definition of "alternative rock", undermining further success. They are more commonly regarded as a one-hit wonder than a two-hit wonder.
Europe : In 1987, this Swedish rock band had two top 10 hits: the stadium rocker "The Final Countdown" and the ballad "Carrie." Ironically, although "Carrie" was the bigger hit of the two, it is far less remembered than "The Final Countdown", which is one of the most iconic songs of the decade.
Extreme : Despite being a hard-rock band, Extreme are better known for their acoustic songs, as evident by their two pop hits. In 1991, "More Than Words," an acoustic ballad, topped the Hot 100, and a folkish tune called "Hole Hearted" took them into the top 5.
Fastball had two big hits in the late '90s, the #5 airplay hit "The Way" and the #20 "Out of My Head." Due to a chart technicality preventing songs without a physical single from entering the charts until 1999, only the latter song actually charted. Today, however, "Out of My Head" is almost completely forgotten and "The Way" is remembered as a textbook '90s one-hit wonder.
Filter, the rock side project of Nine Inch Nails' Richard Patrick, had a few hits on the rock charts in the '90s, but today, only two songs of theirs are well remembered: 1995's highly controversial "Hey Man, Nice Shot" and the 1999/2000 crossover hit "Take a Picture" (which technically was their only Top 40 hit).
Finger Eleven: The Canadian rock band released "One Thing" in 2003, which went Top 20. After that, they had all the makings of a One-Hit Wonder , abysmal album sales, no other song that entered the Hot 100, and in general seemed to have faded into obscurity. Then in 2007 they had a surprise hit with "Paralyzer", which charted in the Top 10, topped both rock charts, and went double-platinum. Today, they're still thought of as a one-hit wonder, but now for the latter song. The band had one more rock hit in 2010 with "Living in a Dream", but it's mostly forgotten today.
The Five Americans: The two biggest hits of this Oklahoma-based group were "Western Union" (#5, 1967) and a rerelease of "I See The Light" (#21, 1966).
Five Man Electrical Band: This Canadian act had two Billboard Top 40 hits in 1971, "Signs"(#3) and "Absolutely Right"(#26).
Golden Earring: In 1974, their driving song "Radar Love" became a top 20 hit in the U.S., a rarity for a Dutch band. Like most acts from non-English speaking countries, they were destined to be one-hit wonders. Then, in 1982, the "Bourne Identity" inspired "Twilight Zone" sparked a brief comeback. After that, they were gone for good, though they are still hugely iconic in their native Netherlands.
By no stretch of the imagination are Foreigner one or two hit wonders, but frontman Lou Gramm is as a solo artist thanks to "Midnight Blue" and "Just Between You and Me".
The Greg Kihn Band had a #15 hit 1981 with "The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)", and two years later they hit #2 "Jeopardy", which was big enough for "Weird Al" Yankovic to release a parody titled "I Lost on Jeopardy! ". Today, despite the latter being the bigger hit, it's all but forgotten today, while the former is the song that gets all the airplay on classic rock radio.
Hinder: The Oklahoma rock band exploded onto the scene in 2006 with their megahit "Lips of an Angel", which went to #3 and was unescapable that year. Their next trip to pop radio, "Better Than Me", peaked at #31. Unfortunately, Hinder quickly went out of taste and "Better Than Me" is almost completely forgotten to mainstream audiences, so "Lips of an Angel" has become a defining one-hit wonder of the 2000s.
Jet had two top 40 hits in the U.S., "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" and "Look What You've Done". Since the latter is largely forgotten today, they are often considered a one-hit wonder for the former. If they are considered a two-hit wonder, "Cold Hard Bitch" (their sole modern and mainstream rock #1) will likely be seen as the second hit.
Joe Jackson had a few hits in his career, but the only two that are still remembered today are 1979's "Is She Really Going Out With Him?" and 1982' "Steppin' Out."
Judas Priest are a legendary British heavy metal band. Needless to say, they only had two major rock hits in America, "Heading Out to the Highway" and "You've Got Another Thing Comin'" ( their only Hot 100 entry ).
Kansas were massively popular during the 1970s and 1980s and still hugely respected by many classic rock fans. However, to most modern day casual audiences, their reputation rests almost entirely on two songs: "Dust in the Wind" and "Carry On Wayward Son." Even more ironic is that while "Dust" outpeaked "Carry On" by four chart positions , the latter is unquestionably the more recognizable of the two songs today.
Love and Rockets : They had a modest hit in 1987 USA with "No New Tale to Tell", then a smash hit with "So Alive" in 1989. They changed to a more electronic sound with their following album, and their fans quickly stopped listening.
Madness : Of their three charting songs in the United States, the forgettable "It Must Be Love" hit #33 in 1981 and "Our House" reached #7 in 1982 while "The Sun and the Rain" peaked at #72 early in 1983. Back home in the UK, however, they weren't even close to Two Hit Wonders, scoring countless Top 20 hits.
The Motels: Fronted by Martha Davis, the California-based rock band had two No. 9 hits on the Hot 100, 1982's "Only The Lonely" and 1983's "Suddenly Last Summer."
Mr. Mister exploded onto the charts in 1985-86 with the back-to-back #1 hits "Broken Wings" and "Kyrie" before completely vanishing into obscurity; while they had another top 10 with the #7 "Is This Love" it is all but forgotten today.
Murray Head: A British actor (yes, that is his name) had exactly two chart hits, both making the top 40 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100: 1971's "Superstar" (the title song from the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar , in which Head appeared as Judas Iscariot, betrayer of Jesus Christ) and his 1985 new wave hit "One Night in Bangkok."
Neon Trees : In 2010, they scored a surprise hit with "Animal" off of their debut album Habits, which charted at #13 and went 2x platinum. They then released "Everybody Talks" off their sophomore effort, Picture Show which charted even higher at #6 and also went 2x platinum. Those were the only two songs of theirs you were likely to hear on the radio, though "Your Surrender" and "Lessons in Love (All Day, All Night)" saw minor pop radio airplay. Their luck eventually came to an end, as "Sleeping With A Friend", the lead single off their third album Pop Psychology only charted at #51 and failed to reach any certification, while the rest of the singles went completely unnoticed.
Nirvana is one of the most influential rock bands of all time and is not usually considered a two-hit wonder. However, they technically are a two-hit wonder with two songs from Nevermind . They scored a #8 hit with the legendary "Smells Like Teen Spirit", as well as the #32 "Come As You Are".
Oleander had two major rock hits in 1999 and 2001 with "Why I'm Here" and "Are You There", respectively. Their success ran out after that, unfortunately, although "Fight" is somewhat well known from its use in WWE '12 .
Pink Floyd : From an album standpoint, the English-based rock band was one of the top arena rock band acts of the 1970s through early 1990s, and sold millions of albums. And historically, they are one of the most legendary and influential rock acts of all time. But they were mainly an album rock act. Of the nearly 30 singles they released, just two reached the Billboard Hot 100's top 40, but they are classics: "Money," which peaked at No. 13 in the summer of 1973 (from their landmark album The Dark Side of the Moon ); and "Another Brick in the Wall," the rock operatic protest against goverment-funded and controlled public education that spent four weeks at No. 1 in the spring of 1980 (from The Wall ).
The Power Station: Robert Palmer collaborated with John and Andy Taylor from Duran Duran and Chic's Tony Thompson to score two big hits in 1985, the dance-rock original "Some Like It Hot" and a cover of T. Rex's "Bang A Gong." They didn't have any more hits afterwards, but it did lead to Robert Palmer's career explosion the following year.
Puddle of Mudd was a very successful act on the rock radio charts, but only two songs of theirs, "Blurry" and "She Hates Me", crossed over to pop.
Pure Prairie League had several chart hits, but only two have been remembered: their 1973 debut "Amie" (which actually bombed at first release, but took off as a hit two years later) and "Let Me Love You Tonight". The latter featured Vince Gill , who later had a successful Breakup Breakout in Country Music , on lead vocals.
The Red Hot Chili Peppers just barely averted this fate. 1991's Blood Sugar Sex Magik was their breakthrough album and spawned two successful singles, "Give It Away" and "Under the Bridge", the latter of which became a huge mainstream success.note Their previous singles, especially the material recorded with ex-guitarist Hillel Slovak (who died of an overdose in 1988), did not have nearly as much commercial appeal (and these singles appeared on the What Hits?! album a couple years later), but their 1989 singles "Higher Ground" (a Stevie Wonder cover) and "Knock Me Down" did fare moderately well. However, guitarist John Frusciante became disillusioned with success and decided to do heroin for the next five years; he estimates that had he waited a month longer before he went to rehab in 1997, he would have died. Meanwhile, the Chilis' album with Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, One Hot Minute, was not received considerably well (though "Aeroplane" did scrape the Top 40). After Frusciante checked into rehab, the band reconciled and brought him back in. Had Frusciante died, the Chilis would likely not have been able to release an album as popular as Californication and been able to revive their career with singles like "Scar Tissue", "Otherside", "Californication", "By the Way", "Can't Stop", "Dani California", "Snow ((Hey Oh))"... note It's worth mentioning that "Soul to Squeeze" was a B-Side from Blood Sugar Sex Magik and was released as a single in 1993 only after One Hot Minute faced numerous delays. It hit the Top 40 (faring much better than "Give It Away") and it is a staple of the band's live performances to this day. While "Soul to Squeeze" is a more conventional mainstream hit and receives much airplay on classic rock stations, "Give It Away" is undeniably better-known. So, technically the Chilis would have been a three-hit wonder had Frusciante died, but such matters are for those who insist that "Soul to Squeeze" should not be forgotten .
The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus had two hits in the 2000s: "Face Down", the protest song against domestic violence that made them famous, and "Your Guardian Angel", a romantic power ballad. They were both on the same album, and are the only two songs that the general public knows them for. "In Fate's Hands" was fairly popular as well, but wasn't a hit.
Republica, a dance-rock band from the U.K., had only two major hits in their homeland: "Ready to Go", which reached #13, and "Drop Dead Gorgeous", which made it up to #7. Their next song, "From Rush Hour With Love", barely cracked the top 20 and after that, they vanished from the public view. Internationally, the former was the only song to make it, despite the fact that it peaked six spots lower in Britain (its constant media use certainly helped). As time went on, however, British perception of Republica started to change: not only is "Go" now far better remembered than "Gorgeous" even in their homeland, but the latter song has become almost completely forgotten and is now no less obscure to British than it is to international audiences. Thus, Republica have become remembered in the U.K. the same way they have always been known everywhere else: a one-hit wonder.
The Romantics: This band from Michigan are an example of a two-hit wonder in a nearly identical scenario to the aforementioned Fort Minor. They had a minor hit in 1980 with "What I Like About You" before scoring their only bona-fide smash in late 1983 with "Talking In Your Sleep" — while "Sleep" got a trope named after it , "What I Like About You" has become, by far, the better remembered of the two. They also had a #37 with "One in a Million" which was forgotten almost instantly.
Scorpions scored their first hit in 1984 with "Rock You Like a Hurricane," which reached #25 on the pop charts. In 1990, the German group scored another hit, "Wind of Change," which peaked at #4.
Skid Row: They had two top 10 hits, "18 and Life" and "I Remember You", and nothing else of note.
The Spencer Davis Group: They were the first band Steve Winwood was in. Not only did "Gimme Some Lovin'" and "I'm a Man" make the Top 40, those two songs also made the Top 10.
Spin Doctors had two hits with their first two releases: "Little Miss Can't Be Wrong" and "Two Princes" from 1992-93. "You Let Your Heart Go Too Fast" nearly missed a couple years later at #42.
Steppenwolf: The Canadian band had seven top 40 hits and three top 10s, but their two biggest hits, "Born to Be Wild" and "Magic Carpet Ride", are all that they're remembered for today. "The Pusher", which didn't chart, is also well-known for its appearance in Easy Rider .
Switchfoot had two hits with "Meant to Live" (peaked at #18 on the Hot 100) and "Dare You to Move" (ever-so-slightly bigger, at #17), both from 2003's The Beautiful Letdown. Their biggest hit since is "Stars", which only reached #68.
Tesla hit the top 10 with the ballad "Love Song" (no relation to The Cure or Sara Bareilles songs) and a cover of Five Man Electrical Band's "Signs".
The Tremeloes had been around since 1958 but didn't have much chart success (despite auditioning for and being chosen by Decca over The Beatles ) until they released a cover of Cat Stevens' "Here Comes My Baby" in 1967. Later the same year they released another cover, the Four Seasons' "Silence Is Golden," before they faded back out of the spotlight.
The Troggs: In 1966, this relatively unknown garage-rock band topped the U.S. charts on their first try with the now-classic "Wild Thing," Nearly two years later, they would have their only other major hit there with the softer "Love Is All Around." It would later become a hit for Scottish band Wet Wet Wet in 1994, spending 15 weeks on top of the British charts.
Ugly Kid Joe are known for exactly two songs: their glam/grunge fusion song "Everything About You" and their cover of Harry Chapin's "Cat's in the Cradle." Both were top 10 hits, and the band never charted again.
Vertical Horizon : In 2000, their song "Everything You Want" became an out-of-nowhere chart-topper after spending half a year there, and following that success was the #23 hit "You're a God". They're more commonly regarded as a one-hit wonder for the former.
White Lion: A Brooklyn-based hair band fronted by Danish singer Mike Tramp, White Lion had a massive MTV video hit with 1987's "Wait." This led to the song (and its parent album, "Pride") roaring up the charts. A power ballad, "When The Children Cry," did even better a few months later. While their follow up album "Big Game" got a top 20 placing, it didn't produce any top 40 hits.
Paramore isn't a one or two-hit wonder at all, but lead singer Hayley Williams has had only two Top 20 hits as a featured artist: B.o.B's "Airplanes" was a #2 hit in 2010, while a guest spot on Zedd 's "Stay the Night" peaked at #18 in 2013-14.
Edgar Winter has always lived deep in the shadow of his legendary brother Johnny, but he was able to do one thing Johnny couldn't: have a hit single. The instrumental "Frankenstein" went to #1 and follow-up "Free Ride" hit #14 shortly afterwards. That is all he is known for today, even though another song made it into the 30s a year later.
Non-music examples:
Talia Shire, the sister of Francis Ford Coppola , is only known for playing Connie Corleone and Adrian Balboa .
Hilary Swank : A two-time Best Actress Oscar winner for Boys Don't Cry and Million Dollar Baby , these two films are seen as high points in an otherwise unremarkable career.
Adam West is primarily known for two roles: the title character of the 1960s TV adaptation of ''Batman'' , and his self-parodying role as the Mayor of Quahog on Family Guy . If a third is mentioned it is usually another self-parodying version of himself on The Fairly OddParents .
Mara Wilson : A former '90s child actress, she appeared in quite a few movies but is nowadays mostly remembered only for Mrs. Doubtfire and Matilda . Ironically enough, while the former was a far bigger hit at the box office and is still the better-known film of the two today, Wilson is generally associated first and foremost with the latter when she was the lead. She's also known for her appearances with the crew at ChannelAwesome .
Jake Lloyd was a child actor who had small roles in ER and The Pretender and a starring role in the widely-hated Jingle All The Way — which was his biggest claim to fame. Then George Lucas picked him to portray young Anakin Skywalker in The Phantom Menace , giving him another. The negative reaction of his performance caused him to only appear in one more film (a 2001 film called Madison) before retiring from acting.
Film
Victor Fleming directed two of the most beloved films of all time, Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz , both in the same year. The rest of his filmography is long forgotten, and today he is only brought up as a trivia question to talk about how those two rival films shared a director.
Live Action TV
Johnny Carson: But oh, what hits they were � his game show stint, "Who Do You Trust" and, of course, " The Tonight Show ."
Netflix has launched dozens of original series, but prior to the 2015 breakouts of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt , the Marvel Cinematic Universe shows ( Daredevil and Jessica Jones ), Wet Hot American Summer: First Day Of Camp , and (upon its second season) Bojack Horseman , they were commonly criticized as this; for about a year and a half, their only two major successes were the political drama House of Cards (US) and prison dramedy Orange Is the New Black , with their other shows like Hemlock Grove , Bojack's first season, and Marco Polo languishing in relative obscurity. Even their revival of Arrested Development didn't capture the same zeitgeist that Cards and Orange did.
Jenji Kohan had two major hit series, Weeds and Orange Is the New Black . Of course, while the latter is far better known than the former, she's rarely considered a one-hit wonder for it.
Miscellaneous
Storm Impact, a 1990s Macintosh software company, had only two successful products: the skiing game MacSki and the RPG TaskMaker . Executive Meddling and undercapitalization did the company in just after they rushed out an Obvious Beta of The Tomb of the TaskMaker , a sequel game to the first.
Milton Bradley is a board game company and a long time rival ( now sister company ) of Parker Brothers. Like their competitor they were also visible in the video game scene, but only known in there for releasing the Vectrex, a very popular homebrew console, and for publishing Abadox in the US, which is a 2-D shooter that quite often gets mentioned when people talk about the best 2-D shooters on the NES.
Ayn Rand wrote four books in her lifetime but is primarily known for two: The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged .
Dan Harmon basically has two shows with major fanbases: Community and Rick and Morty .
Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko are this to an extreme level: Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra is essentially their entire body of work, but oh, what hits they were; all that they've really done otherwise is minor work on shows like Family Guy .
Fan fiction writer Neo Winter Knight/Technomaru is known for at least two things, being Emma Iveli 's ex-boyfriend, writing The Grim Edventures of Ed, Edd, N' Eddy, and its More Popular Spin-off , Ed Edd Eddy N Edna
:: Indexes ::
| i don't know |
To emphasise its links to the sea, which country depicts the top of Neptune’s trident on its national flag? | West Country Life 02 November 2013 by WDPissuu - issuu
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magazine Western Daily Press, Saturday November 2 2013
No one wants to miss it BRIDGWATER CARNIVAL AND ITS FITTING FINALE
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PEOPLE
Alice Bell weathers the ‘big stor m’ as best she can; while Martin Hesp meets the PM
Steve Roberts captures the history of ‘tar barrels’ with images from today and 1975
Tristan Cork goes behind the scenes before the West’s biggest carnival night
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How cupcakes got competitive; plus forget caravans, how about trying a Twagon?
Wiltshire boy and ex-Army captain turned musician James Blunt talks to us
Getting the best from vegetables; the 50 top foodie experiences; plus quick coffees
The rise of the popular Pinot Grigio; plus, a good sandwich at a charming pub
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The gothic look for the home; plus fashion where it’s all about texture
We talk to Cotswold resident Amanda Holden and Somerset’s Charlie Higson
Looking for the best places to eat in Dubai; plus the best skiing destinations in Europe
Hop over to the Isles of Scilly for classic walking territory or venture to the Mendips
Alan Down looks at the trees and shrubs that give the best autumn colour
How Charles II sold for £4,000; plus Cary Grant memorabilia at Bonhams
Gethin Jones on visiting Afghanistan; plus, TV highlights for the week
TV guide Poem and puzzles Horoscope Where in the West Cover by Steve Roberts
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Online westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl
Gorgeous autumnal light and low cloud on Salisbury Plain, taken from Sidbury Hillfort by Western Daily Press reader David Hargrave, of Durrington, Wiltshire
Rural rambles
Roger Evans You will all be familiar with the phenomena... “Things can’t get any worse”, and then they do. Well I had my second excursion to the TB restricted market last week. I took 16 calves, a mix of black and white dairy bulls and beef crosses. The whole lot averaged £29! Five of the dairy bull calves made less than £10. I’d kept and fed them all for three weeks or more, the ear tags alone cost £3. Other farmers there, who suffered a similar fate, said that they wouldn’t go through the same humiliation again and would take any future calves to the hunt kennels. The auctioneer told me that he was now getting more calves at the TB restricted market than he was getting at the normal one. We’ll have to take stock of what we do from now on. If I told you what I was truly thinking as I drove home, I would probably get my farm burnt down. When I got home I worked out that on just that one load of calves, TB had cost me £1,000. There’s nothing that I can do that will prevent the same thing happening again next month or next year. We are out, Stephen and I, on our very highest field. It just touches the 980ft mark. To enhance my stories of this high land, I always say it’s at 1,000ft which for me, is not an exceptional exaggeration. The field has been, for 12 months, in a fallow stubble, left for the wild birds. But it grows a crop of weeds and I am chopping these off and Stephen is coming along behind me with the plough. There have always been skylarks up here though there are fewer now than there were 10 years ago, despite all the land that has been left in fallow for their benefit. This is an excellent cue for me to go on to my hobby horse abut predators but you know all about that, I know I am right, because I know there are fewer skylarks, so I will move on. The skylarks flutter about as I approach on my tractor. Some of them do their fluttering along the ground routine, which is designed to lead a dangerous presence away, but they are not in any danger from me. I soon become aware that there are three tiny leverets in the stubble. When I say tiny, I mean that I could easily encompass them as little round balls of fluff in my hands. As I work across the field, they scuttle about 20 yards at a time, further down the field to safety. They are heading towards the hedge, there’s a field beyond that with plenty of grass, WCL-E01-S2
there’s food there and safety. But they get to the hedge and then turn back. They are not together, you can barely see them, but individually you see them make these short darts back up the field. I phone Stephen to look out for them and he reports later that he saw all three go past him and on to the ploughing. On the ploughing lurks danger, it’s where the buzzards and kites are eating worms and grubs, there’s 20 of them altogether today. They soon see the leverets and that is the end of that. My fault of course, for ploughing the field. It makes me realise just how little I understand nature. Here we are mid October, this big field is very exposed to wind and weather, a most inhospitable place in winter. If I hadn’t disturbed the leverets, how would they have survived? What on earth do the skylarks live on? One of the wonders of nature that intrigues me are acorns. As I write, we are in the middle of the acorn harvest. After a windy night, the road under an oak tree is covered with acorns and the acorns themselves are covered with pheasants gorging on them. What intrigues me is not just that pheasants manage to swallow the acorns whole, because in a previous life I used to handle thousands of pigeons and in the autumn their crops would be full of acorns, which for a pigeons is a much bigger beak full than it is for a pheasant. No. What intrigues me is how do they digest them? That hard, shiny shell must take a lot of grinding up. Acorns can catch you out. Cattle like acorns. In normal circumstances they will eat them as they fall and no harm done. But, without thinking, you can move them to a fresh field where there may be an accumulation of acorns and then you can get sick cattle and even deaths. I went to the doctors yesterday. I went to get a flu jab and to give blood samples for my MOT, next week, which has lapsed some years ago. What a sight in the waiting room! Packed out. Someone once told me that doctors can predict very accurately who will be in to see them on Monday mornings because 90 per cent of them are there every Monday morning. I came out feeling very healthy and well, and I’d not seen sight of a doctor. Everything in life is relative and compared with what I saw in that waiting room, well and healthy is what I am.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 1
Columnists
Martin Hesp Don’t you love it when life gets so surreal it’s like you’re on TV?
Alice Bell There was a catastrophe at the office last Monday morning.
It’s like you’ve entered some fantasy envisaged in a crazy movie. That happened to me this week in a tiny office – but it was no ordinary workroom, nor were the people surrounding me everyday office folk. It was the moment when I entered The Simpsons TV cartoon. Only it was even more Simpson-esque than that weird programme can ever manage to be. For those who have never seen it, The Simpsons mocks the real world by being outrageous and surreal. Intellectually challenged Homer Simpson works in a tiny office perched on top of a giant nuclear reactor. His boss is greedy, unscrupulous, power-plant owner multimillionaire Monty Burns. I was in Homer’s office recently. Seriously. I sat in a tiny room perched on top of the nuclear reactor at Hinkley Point. There were three other people in the office, which had a big window looking out over the cathedral-sized reactor hall. There was the editor of a local newspaper, a government official and a man who sat behind a computer screen – just like Homer Simpson does on TV. We all looked identical because everyone up there in and around the reactor hall was covered from head to foot in blue overalls and all wore orange hard hats. So telling one person from another was not easy, but I did realise who the heavily disguised person behind the computer screen was – and I joked with him that he looked just like the wellknown Simpson. Luckily, Secretary of State for Energy Ed Davey has a good sense of humour – and he played up to the joke by pretending to be a bit Homer-esque, pressing various knobs and buttons with clueless abandon. However, the horseplay soon ended because a whole bunch of boiler-suited people entered the room, led by a breathless public relations person who started bossing us about. This was when my surreal Simpsons moment intensified one-hundred-fold – not only because this panting stooge reminded me of Monty Burns’ sidekick, Smithers, but because the big man being ushered into the room behind him was none other than Mr Burns himself. Or rather, it was the Prime Minister, who sat down next to me and said: “Shoot!” But only after he’d muttered to his minders: “Did I get that right about the cost of the Severn Barrage? I hope so.” Like one of Mr Burns’ eager cartoon staff, Mr Davey assured him he had told the TV reporters in the reactor hall the correct figures. The big man did not take any notice of this reassurance – indeed, I watched him closely during the 30 minutes we were up there on top of Hinkley B Station’s nuclear reactors – and Mr Cameron never seemed to take much notice of his Energy Secretary at all. Because, like Monty Burns, Dave Cameron is pretty much armour-plated. I had the feeling that if I really did shoot – as he had told me to – the bullets would have bounced off his pink, platinum-protected, skin. Of course, it is no good some lowly regional hack like me trying to have a real conversation with a Prime Minister – his minders had told me I would have just two questions and after that my time would be up, the inference being that I was lucky to get even a single minute. My couple of queries were duly bulldozed aside with replies that had been learned off-
And it was so bad it even got its own hashtag on Twitter: #milk-a-geddon. Now, I’m a journalist so the first thing I want to do is sensationalise the story. Basically, we were the victims of a double delivery of milk. There were just too many bottles on our doorstep to fit into the fridge and not even a Brit suffering from insomnia and dehydration could have drunk enough tea to use up the surplus before it got a bit warm. Even worse, nobody could remember who our delivery man was or where he came from so the next morning we found another crate of bottles on the doorstep, like we were being targeted by some lactose-obsessed stalker. Carnage. Absolute carnage. And if you thought we were making much
pat – and the PM marched off to his helicopter which, in true Simpson-esque form, ascended between a black cloud and a rainbow. Later I watched the Prime Minister’s announcement about Hinkley C on TV and learned what a “thoroughly good thing” it all was. Except, I do not believe it. I’m a bit thick when it comes to numbers, but I cannot see why it is a good thing for the French and the Chinese to be investing in this nation’s future energy needs, and not us. One thing is certain: they are not doing it out of a sense of charity. One day we will be paying them, big-time. Real life is not a game of Monopoly, but if it was – we just lost. But then, life is not a Simpsons cartoon either – it just sometimes seems like one.
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COLUMNISTS ONLINE You can enjoy the best of Alice Bell’s and Martin Hesp’s Saturday essays – and our other writers – on the Western Daily Press website westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl
ado about nothing there, you obviously didn’t see our reporting of St Jude’s Storm when it finally hit the West Country. I say “hit”. “Inappropriately touched” might be a better description. The name alone just makes it sound like a soppy ballad Paul McCartney might start randomly singing in Covent Garden. Considering the horrific damage the storm caused in other parts of the UK and beyond, I’m not sure how Somerset and Wiltshire managed to escape pretty much unscathed. Especially since every local news hub in the area had been warning us of our impending doom for at least a week beforehand. Twitter was on top sarcastic form that Monday, though, with every wannabe Have I Got News For You writer across the south posting pictures of plastic garden chairs that had blown over and Tweeting: “Scenes of complete devastation in Bath this morning...” Meanwhile, I was forced to drive through a puddle that definitely hadn’t been there the day before. Not a big one, though. I don’t think Noah would have got out of bed for it. My colleague was much more prepared. I only wish she’d been in charge of the train companies as she not only remembered to put on extra hairspray but she also brought a spare pair of socks in case her feet got a bit wet on the walk into work. The news that morning was basically: “Everything’s gone a bit mental today but if you bear with us, we’ll update you on the weather and traffic situation, just as soon as we’ve found somewhere to put all this milk.” Then it was over to the weather girl, whose reports ran increasingly along the lines of: “So as you heard there in the news, ARMAGEDDON HAS ARRIVED! As for tomorrow... well, quite frankly, who cares, nobody will be around to see it.” I tried to sound slightly more balanced when it was my turn but just ended up saying a la Michael Fish: “Gosh, it’s a bit windy out there, isn’t it? But we’re expecting some sunny spells too and highs of 15 degrees, so it could be worse.” Then we crossed over to the man doing the traffic updates. He’d been stuck in a massive queue that morning and from the tone of his voice you could tell he just wanted to rant: “There's some right divs on the road today. One in front of me tried to drive his Prius through a flood and got stuck, can you believe the idiot? Also, there’s some puddles around that might make your car a bit grubby. Oh, and if you're late for work, you can bet the car in front is a flaming hearse.” The reporting of St Jude managed to whip everyone up into a frenzy of hysteria. Even our hard journalistic hearts had to feel a bit awkward when our cleaning lady arrived at the office wearing what looked like scuba gear and brandishing an industrial-sized umbrella. The fallout was worse than “plebgate”. It was “floodgate”, although unfortunately not literally. That might have been useful.
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Along with being the top performing day school in Bristol, QEH is firmly amongst leading academic schools nationally. Most boys go to top universities or medical schools, including 10%to Oxford and Cambridge. One hundred boys are in the Junior School which shares the ethos of the Senior School whilst retaining its own individual identity.
FOUNDED IN 1590, QEH THRIVES WITH 670 BOYS AGED 7–18
Stephen Holliday and Martin Morris, the respective Headmasters of QEH Seniors and Juniors, agree that a good school is far more complicated than counting exam passes. Good schools build character. That is easy to say, tricky to define and even more difficult to achieve. Character is formed through adventure and fortitude, through integrity and values, and is rooted in a sense of self-worth. Exam success: that is a by-product of a school where building character comes first. At QEH staff nurture character and go on to prepare boys for life beyond the school. Mr Holliday says: “ I like to think we build character from the very beginning, whether that starts in Year 3 or Year 7 or Year 9. We promote the importance of good values, we produce the young men who know themselves, who respect and help others and who have opinions. Incidentally, our exam results are also spectacularly good.” Mr Morris adds: “A key aim is to develop each boy’s personal qualities, provide a sound foundation for his future, and ensure that every boy leaves recognising himself as a lifelong learner. We are particularly keen to break out from the traditional idea of the four-walled classroom, and make our ‘classroom’ the wider world.”
Building Character Junior School Places Available…
ENTRY ASSESSMENTS Year 3 & 4 start 4 November Year 5 & 6 start 18 November
0117 930 3068 www.qehbristol.co.uk WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 3
Picture essays, 1975 and 2013 Steve Roberts
Keeping the annual tar barrels tradition at Ottery St Mary alive To say Ray Pollard has not done his duty by the citizens of Ottery St Mary would be to blacken his name. For almost 40 years his task was to cake casks, adding layer upon layer of glutinous black tar to the interior of wooden barrels in readiness for ignition, and the greed of an allconsuming flame. Ray’s thoughts of his home town’s carnival are ever-present. The spectacular finale has seen his work light up the pitch-black November 5 night and his labours go up in flames as the traditional tar barrels are carried on strong shoulders through the packed streets. Ray is not the man to protest, be brash, or boast. His solid will and dependency made sure that his town stayed alive and alight. It is his smoke-blackened face that can be seen in photographs, at close quarters with the eager jostlers, as he weaves through the mayhem, eye to the flame, ready to refresh a faltering cinder barrel. The red-orange tongue laps the air demanding the fuel cradled by Ray, who has been one of the masters of the age-old ceremony, which is not for the faint-hearted. Now he has slipped into the shadows, like his predecessor, Bob Pike, and the role has descended to a younger man, David Strawbridge, who carries the mantle and responsibility with a congenial smile. Andy Wade, president of the town’s carnival committee explains: “It’s not a gimmick. The only thing that has changed in recent times is health and safety.” And glancing with gratitude at Ray, who is no longer the servant to the flame, he adds: “but there’s still no atmosphere like it.”
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5
minutes to know Willem Dafoe Willem Dafoe is best known for his starring roles in Hollywood hits like Spider-Man, Platoon and The Last Temptation of Christ. Now 58, he’s venturing into the world of video gaming by appearing in Beyond: Two Souls, an innovative, interactive PlayStation 3 game where he stars alongside Ellen Page... Tell us about Beyond: Two Souls It’s the story of a young woman who’s been linked to an invisible entity since the day she was born. She doesn’t know what it is, but they can’t be separated. We see how she evolves and changes through the years. The whole idea of the experience is unusual for a video game; it’s not about jumping, shooting, or driving, it’s really about being in the shoes of the main protagonist and seeing how your decisions change the story. It’s a very emotional journey.
It sounds like it may appeal to people who are not usually interested in video games Absolutely, that’s the whole idea. It’s a game that’ll appeal to anyone who loves stories and emotions. It’s intended for gamers too, there’s real game play, but at the same time, we’ve simplified the interface for non-gamers.
How did you get involved in the project? The director, David Cage, sent me a script and I saw his previous game, Heavy Rain. I was not familiar with the gaming world at all, but I liked the script. .
What can you tell us about your character? I’m an expert in paranormal events. I have a research facility and this girl is brought to me as a subject for my study, and I help her understand what’s going on.
Has taking part sparked your interest in video games? I certainly want to check out Beyond: Two Souls, it was such a good experience making it. I saw 45 minutes of the game last night, and it looks fantastic.
You’re not playing a villain here, something you’ve become known for Well, that’s the perception, but that’s not the way I think about it. I think actors are protective of the characters they play, so they don’t judge them. But I also I think it’s not actually true that I always play the villain. It’s an easy perception, but I look at my filmography and I do a little informal survey, and I think I play more good guys and bad guys!
You’ve been working in Manchester recently haven’t you? I was, it went wonderfully. We premiered this Robert Wilson play, The Old Woman, based on a story by Russian absurdist writer Daniil Kharms, and that was part of the Manchester Festival. It was only myself and Mikhail Baryshnikov.
What else do you have in the pipeline? Where do I start? I’m just going to come across like a self-promoting fool!
You do seem to be very busy I’ll continue to perform in the Bob Wilson piece The Old Woman, and also another play, The Life and Death of Marina Abramovich.
Willem Dafoe stars in Beyond: Two Souls, available on PlayStation 3 now WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 5
People Tristan Cork
For 364 days of the year, Bridgwater is a friendly yet fairly unremarkable town in Somerset. But tonight it becomes the centre of the world. Every year, Bridgwater and the towns that follow it and stage their own carnival spectaculars – come alive with a million lights, tens of thousands of people and the weird and wonderful revolving, spinning and raucous carnival carts trundling through the town. There is, quite simply, nothing like it in the world. Notting Hill apes more of the Rio mardis gras carnival procession with their emphasis on elaborate costumes worn by people walking, and the fire festivals of Sussex and Shetland aren’t on the same scale. Only in America do processions of the same size take place, but they are daytime and not illuminated. But the magic of Somerset doesn’t happen by magic. While 100,000 people prepare to descend on Bridgwater for one night, for the past year, teams of carnival clubs have been beavering away to create the masterpiece of light, decoration, costume and dance that astonishes the crowds. For carnival in Somerset isn’t a one-night extravaganza, it’s a day-in-day-out way of life, as Laura Nicholson, the chairman of one local club, the British Flag CC, explained. “They say it’s a hobby but it’s more than that, it does take over your life,” she said. As a family solicitor in the town, she took part in the Carnival Concerts as a girl, and then got bitten by the bug again seven years ago. Like so many carnival club members, it was family connections that brought her back. “I’d come back from university and my uncle said that there was a space on the cart and they had a costume and did I want to do it, and I was like ‘Oh my God, yes I would love to!’ and that was seven years ago and I can’t imagine not doing it now,” she said. “It’s funny because some families are split by carnival clubs, like the husband might be in one and the wife in another, or the children join a different one to their parents. There is rivalry, and some clubs are more rivals with each other, but it’s all friendly. It’s just a bit of
Looking dejected in a corner of the British Flag’s shed, this oriental face will soon take pride of place on the front of ‘Kabuki’
banter and everyone obviously wants to do well, but wants everyone else to do well. The clubs would be nothing on their own, so we do all stick together,” she added. Although British Flag, based around the pub of the same name in the town, is a thriving club with 70-odd members, it isn’t considered one of the premier clubs. The club has won the Carnival Concerts in two of the last three years, but other clubs normally win the actual procession nights. “Gremlins are the ones to beat,” explained Laura. “They seem to win every year, they are like the Manchester United of carnival clubs. We’re a relatively young club, so we perhaps haven’t got the technical experience. A club like Gremlins have lots of highly skilled engineers so can always come up with something new and amazing, and winning is a habit. “We will all walk together before the start, seeing what everyone else has done, and you do take things away and think about how you could work that idea that you see. Every year they are getting bigger and better and more complex,” she added. The bigger the club, the more the fundraising they can do, and the more they can spend on their carts. “We probably get through around £20,000, and some raise and spend more, and no one has any money to take into the next year, usually,” said Laura. “It’s actually the hardest thing, the fundraising. We spend months building the cart each year, but the fundraising is a year-round thing. “Lots of clubs, us included, do stewarding at the Glastonbury Festival every year. The members volunteer and the festival pays the club. “We also run a mobile bar and this year we’ve done loads of weddings. The money for that all goes to the club. “But the rest of the time, we’re constantly fundraising, and it’s hard because we’re always asking the same people, family and friends to help out.” This year, Laura will dress as a Japanese geisha in British Flag’s entry, an orientaltheme call Kabuki. Club vice-president Steve Keirle will be a Japanese emperor in robes and “big hair”. He, like dozens of others, has taken the past fortnight off work to ready the cart. For a carpenter, it’s a busman’s holiday, but one he loves to do every year. “I’ve been involved since 1997, and carnivals have changed a lot since then. It has just got bigger, brighter, more elaborate. Every year someone raises the standard,” he said. Life for the club members, as it is for all the clubs dotted around Bridgwater and the Somerset towns, is a relentless slog of 15-hour days for the past week or two, where the electrician, the engineer and the carpenter are kings. “The theme is decided on literally the day after the previous carnival, and the engineers will probably start working in January. It used
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From the top, Andrew Higgins, a life member of the British Flag Carnival Club, sorting bulbs; John Holliday and Beth Smith at work on Kabuki ; Steve Keirle and John Holliday; Ray Baker; club captain Dean Bennett; Steve Keirle making platforms. Right, main image: The Town of Titipu from the British Flag Carnival Club – winners of the Bridgwater Carnival Concerts PICTURES: FRAN STOTHARD
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to be that they wouldn’t really get going until June or July, but everything is so much bigger and brighter now that it does take all year. “There’s different parts of the club, people who raise funds, people who do costumes, the dancing, the safety guys, building the carts and so on. It’s a huge operation and the shed we’ve got is pretty small. It’s very cosy there so everyone has to get on, as you’re in such close proximity,” he said. “There’s even a team of blokes whose job is to make sure the cart is prepared, moved to the next carnival, safe and secure. They miss out on all the fun of the after carnival party – this Saturday night, they’ll be taking it to Burnham. “The club captain decides who goes where on the cart, and we’re lucky that with such a big cart, everyone who wants to go on can be accommodated. It’s a tough job being the captain trying to make sure everyone gets the spot they want. “You don’t get nervous before the start, there’s too much to worry about, get sorted and work out. But once you’re on, it is amazing – absolutely amazing. Just seeing people’s faces as you go past, that they are amazed, or enjoying it, dancing and singing along with us. I’m just an ordinary carpenter and you can’t think of any other situation where people like us get to perform in front of 90,000 or 100,000 people – even rock stars don’t get that big a crowd!” he added. “I’m quite a shy person, and you wouldn’t have thought I would do that, but once you get your costume on and get on the cart, it’s just brilliant, just amazing to be able to take part in it,” he added. Laura agreed. “You kind of take it for granted when you’re busy building the cart, but it is a real privilege and it’s something to be really proud of, that you’re part of this huge thing. “It takes a lot of hard work and it does take over our lives totally.”
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Reece Standerwick and Isabella Leadbetter from the Somerset Willow Company in Bridgwater with their giant Guy Fawkes
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 7
People Janet Hughes
Kerris Harrop with some of her cakes which are being judged by a royal baker in the finals of a national competition next week
It all started with Carrie Bradshaw nibbling on one in Sex and the City. Her Manolo Blahnik heels were too expensive for most fans to copy but the cupcakes were a pretty, affordable luxury and the Magnolia Bakery exploded into a worldwide phenomenon, opening branches in every corner of the globe. The craze for elaborately decorated confection spawned a generation of amateur bakers who dreamt of swapping their computer keyboards for cake decorations and led to the creation of a multi-million pound industry. Suddenly rose-sprigged pinnies were the height of fashion and the supermarket shelves filled with sprinkles, sparkles and pastel coloured spatulas. Kerris Harrop, from Bristol, is one of the
lucky few who managed to turn the dream into reality and is so successful that she has won through to the finals of the National Cupcake Championship 2013. One of the judges will be Fiona Cairns, who created the royal wedding cake for the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. Yet Cupcakes à la carte might not have started if it wasn’t for daughter-in-law Jennie, who was raising money for disability charities by holding weekly cake sales at work. Kerris started making the tasty treats to help out, but as they became more and more elaborate, word of her creations started to spread. “I used to cook for the family,” she said.
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“But my interest in cake making started when Jennie organised cake sales each Friday at work. When I went to New York on holidays I looked in the windows of the cake shops and thought the cupcakes were so pretty. It really fired my enthusiasm.” Kerris, who has a degree in computing and who worked as an internal auditor for a Bristol insurance firm before retiring, was bored after giving up work early. Encouraged by the demand for her homebaked goodies, she started her own business from her home in the Backwell area of the city two years ago. At her busiest times – especially in the runup to Christmas – Kerris can spend hours in the kitchen, producing up to 100 cupcakes a week. Holidays to her favourite destination, which is the home to Sex and the City, provide her with inspiration and enthusiasm. She has even dined at the original Magnolia Bakery on Bleeker Street where it all started, and loved every sugary mouthful. Customers are able to choose from a range of flavours including chocolate, and Kerris even offers a range of alcohol-flavoured cakes, with Baileys and Pimms among the favourites. Although the cakes
have to taste good, it is creating the intricate decorations out of frosting, flowers and frills that she enjoys the most and it takes around 15 minutes to gild each one. She said: “The cakes are totally bespoke and made to order. I think people like them not only because of the flavours, but because of the stylish designs.” Kerris, who says vanilla is proving customers’ favourite flavour, has made cakes for weddings, children’s birthdays and corporate events. Two of her cupcakes have made it to the finals and she has won through to the classic category and the themed category of the national competition. The impressive judging panel includes Queen Of Cakes Fiona Cairns. Her floral-strewn cake from William and Kate’s wedding in April 2011, was decorated to reflect the lace detail of the bride’s dress and was regarded as a culinary, artistic masterpiece. No wonder Kerris is nervous about what Fiona will make of her classic lemon cupcakes and her rose-flavoured cupcake – the latter decorated with a Valentine’s Day design. “I think she’s amazing so it’s really nerveracking,” said Kerris. “I am delighted to be chosen as a finalist – it is a real honour. But I am quite nervous that one of the judges made the royal wedding cake. “I don’t think I’ll be there for the tasting, which is good, but I’m a great fan of Mary Berry so I hope we meet her.” Kerris is one of 47 bakers across the UK to make it through to the finals. Other judges on the panel include awardwinning pastry chef Will Torrent, Munichborn Gerhard Jenne, who founded Waterloobased Konditor and Cook, and last year’s champion Emily Johnson of London’s Upsy Daisy Bakery. Awards will be presented by food writer and television presenter Mary Berry at the NEC in Birmingham on November 9. “Obviously eating them is the best bit but I enjoy the whole process,” said Kerris, who sells her cakes over the internet and at a weekly market in Clevedon, near Bristol. “From setting up the business to ordering and baking, I love it all. When you see people’s faces when they see and eat them, it makes all the hard work worthwhile. “Coming up with new ideas is the hard part and sometimes at 11pm on a Friday night when I’m in the kitchen baking I do wonder why I’m doing it instead of sitting in front of the TV with my feet up, but I love it. “And so do other people, especially the ladies. I think cupcakes have taken off in such a big way because they are very pretty and colourful, affordable little luxuries we can all enjoy.” The first mention of the cupcake can be traced as far back as 1796, when a recipe notation of “a cake to be baked in small cups” was written in American Cookery by Amelia Simmons, but it was around a decade ago when the cupcake craze really took off. The Magnolia Bakery tapped into the sense of nostalgia evoked by the home-baked cakes and set up a vintage-style shop which became a hit when Miranda and Carrie famously ate pink cupcakes, while talking about Carrie’s new crush, Aidan in Sex and the City. They now have branches world wide although some believe it may be starting to dip after the Crumbs Bake Shop, the largest cupcake shop chain in the US, reported a decline.
To find out more about Kerris Harrop’s cakes go to www.cupcakesalacarte.co.uk
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Two of Kerris Harrop’s beautifully decorated cupcakes
People Martin Hesp
We’ve been envying snails for centuries – as creatures who carry homes on their backs. In fact, people have been attempting to do this ever since we realised horses could tow carts. The trouble is, the contraptions we devise, like the modern caravan, are often so utilitarian and uninteresting to look at. Enter the Twagon – short for “towable wagon” – the brain child of a West Country woodworking expert who believes modern motorised camping lacks a proper breadth of choice. Chris Ward, who lives and works in West Dorset, became convinced that modern caravans and campers are just too dull, so he came up with the idea of converting a traditional horse-drawn Romany cart to a modern towable appliance which would be both comfortable and a head-turner. The Twagon, now being produced by his firm Wildwood Design, is basically an old fashioned bow-top gypsy caravan, but it sits on a modern galvanised steel chassis and so passes all the stringent vehicle licensing authority tests, making it a fully towable, roadworthy camping trailer. I visited Chris in his workshops at Broadwindsor near the Dorset-Devon border to find out more about these remarkable caravans, which come tailor-made from around £11,500.
“People have played around with the idea a bit before, but only played around,” 38-yearold Chris told me. “Shepherds’ huts are quite a big thing nowadays, aren’t they? But this project is saying that there’s also this as a possibility. It doesn’t just have to sit in your garden like a shepherd’s hut. You can get out and use it as a towing caravan. “The last one I manufactured has spent the entire summer being taken around,” Chris added, quoting his more-than-satisfied customer, Pascoe Needle, who bought a Twagon earlier this year. “After many years of owning an old VW camper van, my wife and I reluctantly felt we needed a change for something that was more reliable and that didn’t need re-packing every time we wanted to nip out for the day,” says Pascoe. “We couldn’t stomach the idea of a white caravan or trailer tent, and thought something unique, beautiful and very much our own was the way to go. “Having considered the very limited options in this market, we discovered the Twagon. Chris was really approachable and accommodating with our bespoke needs, and helped us develop our Twagon, while retaining the essence of a traditional bow-top. “We have used the Twagon on a number of
Chris Ward is currently working on his third Twagon at his workshop in Broadwindsor. He says: ‘There are lights, beds, a kitchen area. They’re such a lovely space, and easy to heat’
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PICTURES: RICHARD AUSTIN AND NANCY CASTLE
occasions now and look forward to international travelling over the coming years. It is very easy to tow and manoeuvre, and is a delight for our family of four to be in.” Chris, who studied woodworking at the Lyme Regis Boat Building Academy, told me: “The first one I built just last year. I had to design the whole thing, but I’ve kept it as close to a traditional bow-top as possible. The only difference is that it is placed on a chassis. “The Roma design probably started in India centuries ago. “My knowledge has come from people within the travelling community – and from some books. It’s been a massive process. Once the idea came along, I saw it as an opportunity to create a product. And I thought there was potential there when I discovered there wasn’t really anything else like it. “The chassis has to be brand new,” he explained. “They have to be tested by the vehicle licensing people for roadworthiness, so they’ve got all the paperwork. It’s not particularly heavy – in fact the Twagon is probably lighter than a normal caravan. They’re only 900 kilos, so easily towable, partly because they feature the canvas stretched over the bent ash wood.” I asked Chris what passers-by make of the Twagon when he’s towing one out on the open road. “It certainly turns heads,” he replied. “If I stop somewhere like a garage car park for a sandwich, I’ll be there for ages – it’s unbelievable. People come up and want to talk about it. My attitude towards it is this: this is a caravan – people can come here, pick up the Twagon they’ve ordered and drive off and stay in it that night. There are lights, beds, a kitchen area. They’re such a lovely space, and easy to heat,” he added. “There’s a little wood burning stove, and it’s so warm. You’ve got an insulated floor – all made of natural material.” Chris is currently making a truly traditional flat-topped, four-wheel wagon for a customer whose hobby is carriage-driving with horses – but already has a modified chassis and materials ready and waiting for his next Twagon customer.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 9
People Eva Jones
James Blunt released his debut album Back To Bedlam in 2004 – it sold 11 million copies. And it became the 16th best-selling British album ever. After his fourth album Moon Landing was released last month, the Wiltshire-born songwriter and former Army captain answers our questions and reveals he’s keen to go back to his roots, says he wasn’t a cool teenager, and believes that being sensitive shouldn’t be considered a bad thing
How does it feel to come back with your fourth album? I’m very excited. I’m sure every musicians says that, but I suppose for me, this has been a... journey – that word... But I’ve got back to the way I recorded Back To Bedlam, which had all that innocence and charm, and then something amazing happened and it took off. Originally, I was an independent artist, on a tiny label called Custard Records, and I was being produced by Tom Rothrock, who had worked with Badly Drawn Boy, Beck and Elliott Smith. Then it had a song on it that took it away from being an independent album, and
took to the mainstream, which is somehow classed as a dirty word.
How did that change your music? Well, all of a sudden I was playing gigs to between 20,000 and 40,000 people, recording in Mark Knopfler’s studio, touring all over the world and writing songs which kind of secondguessed what an audience might want. For this album I decided that I should do what I wanted, get back to Tom Rothrock and record with him in this very simple way. He wanted to make a more personal, honest record, which was fantastic. This is the album I would’ve recorded if Back To Bedlam hadn’t have been such a success and gone mainstream.
Couldn’t you have just released it then and the fanbase would’ve just had to accept it? To a degree, yes, but you have to release something fitting to the size of audience you’re playing to. Also, there were so many
Almondsbury Forge Former Army captain and Tidworth boy James Blunt is back with a new album more people listening to my music after Back To Bedlam, more than I could ever have imagined, and I didn’t want to be so open in front of all those people. So I hid behind other people, like the touring band I used to record my second and third albums with. Knowing there is a huge audience out there isn’t a burden, of course, but there is a pressure that makes you make music for them. I’m really lucky, I know that, and this is a great position to be in.
Bones, thematically, seems to underpin the rest of the album
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01454 613315
www.almondsburyforge.co.uk
10 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
Yes, and it’s a song my band and I can’t wait to play live. The lyrics are about not being a cool teenager; “I’ve never been a beautiful boy, I’ve never liked the sound of my own voice”. That’s quite clear to me and obviously about me. It harks back to a time when the world was a lot simpler than when you’ve sold a lot of records and become famous. There’s a fallibility to the whole thing, understanding what you’ve got going for yourself. I wrote that when I really started to get an idea of where the album was going, that it was going to be more reflective. I wanted to get back to being songwriter, to remind people what I am, that I aspire to be a songwriter like Elliott Smith or Cat Power.
vulnerability and awareness as a songwriter isn’t weak at all.
Are you scaling down touring and the venues you’ll play? When we start touring there will be five in the band, whereas there had been six before. The size of the venues, I’m not so sure I need to scale that back. I’ve found that I can make a large room feel like an intimate space. I’ve always played Goodbye, My Lover just me and a piano, and felt comfortable and confident doing that.
Your albums have all been released three years apart. How have you filled your time since the last album in 2010? I’m on a strict schedule. I released the album, then went on tour for two years, then went home and washed my clothes, and this album has taken a year to make. It sometimes feels like I’m away for a lot longer because I do tour so much in other parts of the world, and in Britain, we focus very much on what happens in Britain. The media often thinks if I’m touring in Australia or South America that I’ve disappeared, but that’s not the case. At least Brits are getting some fresh air and some time away from me, I suppose.
When are you going to be touring?
Do people forget that? To a degree, and perhaps I did too. If I’m out filling an arena, it’s easy to forget you once wanted to play intimate venues. And sometimes you’re made to feel ashamed of the things you do well. People talk about “sensitive singer songwriters”, and there’s nothing very tough, or desirable, with the word sensitive being used as a negative. So you counter by playing the electric guitar and become more brash. I think that’s missing the point, and
We announced very recently, and it’s going to be April, which is all part of a huge European tour which kicks off in February. I love touring, we have a phenomenal time. South America is great, North America too, Europe, Scandinavia in particular. It’s funny, most of my single male friends want to come out to see me when I play in Scandinavia...
For more information go to www.jamesblunt.com
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Food Chris Rundle
M’learned friend Richard says he cannot remember a better year for vegetables. Not simply for the quantity that has come off the land but the quality. And that, he assures me (and he knows about these things) is all down to the weather, specifically the hot, dry summer. Vegetables being in constant need of water they have been forced to send their roots deeper and deeper into the soil and in drawing up enough moisture to keep themselves from desiccating have pulled up considerable quantities of minerals at the same time. Which has, so he says, enhanced their flavour to a spectacular degree. And who am I to argue with a man who grows them for a living? Minerals are, after all, what give much of our fruit and vegetables their special flavour, which is why there is no comparison between a hydroponically grown strawberry that you might encounter in the shops at this time of the year and one picked from a baking hot bed in a well-fertilised field at the height of the natural season. Indoor growers may well add mineral solutions to the water to replicate field conditions but they rarely, if ever, match up. Vegetables including brassicas and roots are certainly looking extremely healthy at the moment but you should also think carefully about where you buy them. Supermarket vegetables will probably have spent several days in transit and in distribution centres before arriving on the shelves. Then there are farm shops, usually the best places to source vegetables because theoretically they have come from local farms. But only theoretically. The fact is that many of the “farm shops” that have sprung up recently to take advantage of consumers’ growing preference for independent food retailers are trading under false pretences. Some planning authorities do impose conditions on premises describing themselves as farm shops. But this is an entire market sector where the planning laws and trading regulations need to be tightened up. Ultimately it’s the farmers’ market which is going to offer you your freshest vegetables but if a farm shop is your only option then don’t be afraid to ask where the goods have been sourced from. Cornish spring greens are one of my favourites, with a fabulous, iron-rich flavour that makes them an ideal accompaniment to roast meat. They were once limited to a single, annual, springtime appearance until a sharpwitted businessman from the other end of the country pointed out to the growers that the Cornish climate was mild enough to support production of this premium product 12 months of the year. And thank goodness he did: they make the best bubble and squeak.
Cornish spring greens pie Ingredients One head of Cornish spring greens; two large leeks; two Spanish onions; 50g butter; 12 grindings of nutmeg; 20 grindings of black
pepper; 1tspn salt; 2tspns dried tarragon; two large eggs; 4tblspns crème fraiche
Method Trim, wash and finely slice the leeks and finely slice the onions. Melt the butter in a heavy-bottomed pan and sweat the vegetables slowly for 10 to 12 minutes, stirring now and then to prevent sticking. Separate the Cornish greens leaves and drop into a large pan of boiling, salted water for two minutes. Remove, drain and dry and cut away the central vein from each leaf. Generously butter a flan dish or tin and carefully line it with the leaves, allowing plenty of overlap and reserving one large one for the top. In a large bowl beat the eggs then whip in the crème fraiche with the salt, pepper, nutmeg and tarragon. Stir the leek and onion mixture in and mix well. Tip into the flan dish, cover with the overlapping leaves and top off with the final reserved leaf to fully encase the filling. Cover tightly with foil. Pre-heat the oven to 180C gas mark 4 and fill a roasting pan with a half-inch depth of boiling water. Place the flan dish or tin in the pan and bake for an hour. Remove the foil and bake for a further 15 minutes. Serve warm or cold.
Bubble and squeak with stilton and bacon Ingredients 600g peeled floury potatoes; six leaves of Cornish spring greens or a dozen large Brussels sprouts; 100g butter; 100ml double cream; 1tblspn fresh chopped thyme; 20 grindings black pepper; 2tspns salt; 50g Stilton or other blue cheese; eight rashers dry-cured smoked bacon
Method Remove the central veins from the greens and chop roughly or, if using sprouts, cut in half. Set the potatoes to boil in salted water and place the greens or sprouts in a steamer on top. Once the potatoes are cooked, drain and dry out in the pan over a moderate flame. Chop the greens or sprouts on a board. Add 75g of the butter to the potatoes and mash well then work in the cream, thyme and chopped greens or sprouts. Add the salt and pepper and check the seasoning. Melt the remaining butter in a heavy frying pan and when it starts to sizzle add the potato mixture and flatten out into a cake. Cook over a medium heat for eight minutes, shaking now and then to avoid sticking. Invert on to a plate and slide back into the pan to cook the other side on a slightly lower heat for five minutes. Grill the bacon and reserve. Crumble the cheese over the top of the bubble and squeak and place the pan under a pre-heated grill for 30 seconds. Serve topped with the bacon.
Winter vegetable pasties Ingredients One pack of puff pastry, four large sticks of celery; two medium carrots; two medium onions; one large leek; two medium turnips; 1tblspn chopped mixed tarragon and chervil; 2tpns salt; 12 grindings black pepper; dash of white wine; 4tblspns double cream; beaten egg to glaze
Method
It’s been a great year for vegetables... well, at least Chris Rundle’s friend says that anyway
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De-strong the celery sticks with a vegetable peeler, cut into four lengthways and chop into dice. Peel the turnips and carrots and cut into small dice, roughly chop the onions, split the leek lengthways and chop roughly. Place all the vegetables in a bowl and add the black pepper and a dash of white wine. Mix well. Divide the puff pastry into four and roll out to eight-inch diameter circles. Moisten the edges with a little water and divide the mixture between them. Sprinkle with salt then fold the pastry over and crimp to form a seal. Make a steam vent in the top. Transfer to a baking sheet and glaze with beaten egg. Bake for an hour at a quarter at 190C gas mark 5. Ten minutes before the end of baking pour a tablespoon of cream into each one using baking parchment for a funnel. WCL-E01-S2
Eating out Mark Taylor
What a difference a day makes. In the name of research, I visited Café Ronak twice. This was in the space of just one week and it was like being in two entirely different places. On the first visit, this well-established Gloucester Road café, in Bristol, was packed, buzzy and difficult to find a table. A week later, it was like climbing aboard the Mary Celeste. It was eerily quiet, virtually empty and the buzz of the previous week had completely dissipated. When I commented on how quiet it was, the chap making my coffee said it might be because some of the locals had been sucked, Dyson-like, up the road to check out the new branch of Boston Tea Party, which had opened the previous day. Of course, any major new opening is sure to create a few ripples for other businesses, but I’m sure it’s a temporary blip for Café Ronak, which has a loyal following in a stretch of Gloucester Road already teeming with cafés. A narrow, deep room leading out to a covered and leafy courtyard, this friendly café has an eclectic, higgledy-piggeldy look with colourful walls, (some clad in what looks like cross sections of tree trunks), leather sofas and the chillax sounds of Norah Jones. crooning away in the background. The chalkboard menus on the walls offer a wide range of dining options for breakfast or lunch. There is a selection of all-day breakfasts, in various sizes and combinations, numerous paninis, baguettes and filled jacket potatoes as well as the more interesting range of salads, burgers, wraps and mezze dishes. Salads include the Caesar Supreme and wraps include the (appallingly named) vegetarian-friendly Bohemian Wrhapsody (herbed couscous, hummus, spinach, tomatoes, carrot, mixed fruit, nuts and seeds). I went for the special Persian mezze (£6 for one, £11 for two people), a well-presented dish comprising two very good falafels, a smoky homemade aubergine dip, a ramekin of creamy hummus, a portion of good quality feta cheese, olives and sunblushed tomatoes, served with enough warm toasted wholemeal pitta bread to mop it all up with. There was a bit of a delay with my coffee – actually, that’s an understatement as it arrived just as I finished the food despite two gentle reminders – but the staff were so apologetic and friendly, they were forgiven. And anyway, the coffee (supplied by Bristol roasters Brian Wogan) was well made and had a good flavour. On the second visit, the coffee arrived without delay with a slice of moist, spicy carrot cake (£2.50) , but then there were so few customers around me that any delay would have been unforgiveable.
Venue Café Ronak, 169 Gloucester Road, Bristol, BS7 8BE Contact 0117 3070392
REFRESHING FARE Mike Moore, from Fentimans Ltd, is pictured with his ginger beers at Lacock Abbey’s Cheers Day, an event that included barrel rolling and stalls
PICTURE: CLARE GREEN PICTURE: FRAN STOTHARD
Bristol’s coffee revolution continues to grow apace as more independent artisan coffee houses open across the city. The latest is Full Court Press, located in a former shop a couple of doors from Christ Church in Broad Street. It’s the brainchild of Matt North, who has worked in the coffee business for the past decade, in national chains and local independents, and in sales and as a coffee machine engineer. What he doesn’t know about the industry you could probably write on the back of a coffee filter paper.
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With a few wooden Ikea tables, a handful of stools and a Victorian fireplace and stained glass window at the far end, it’s a simple whitewashed room. This is a café where it’s all about the coffee – although they serve good loose leaf tea from Bristol’s Canton Tea Company and there is a small selection of locally made pastries and cakes from Hart’s Bakery, Bosh and Coco Rosey. They take their coffee very seriously here. Every shot is weighed to the gram and each drink is timed to the second and served at the correct temperature. The coffees change every few days and there are usually two specifically for filter (served black) and two for espressobased drinks. Each comes with tasting notes, as you might expect when buying wine. On this occasion, the filters included Clifton Coffee’s Hope Project AB from Tanzania with its promised flavours of “black tea, rhubarb, berries” and the espresso coffees included the
Mark Taylor had to visit Café Ronak twice, top, to get better service; Matt North, of Full Court Press, should be proud his business, says Mark Taylor Guatemalan Santa Isabel roasted by Round Hill in Bath, which offered “morello cherries, cocoa and walnuts” as an espresso or ‘fudge, chocolate, nuts’ with milk. I went for a flat white made using the Las Lajas Perla Negra, a Costa Rican coffee roasted by London’s Caravan roasters. The tasting notes promised “plums, raisins and muscovado” as an espresso or “caramel and malt” with milk and the description was were spoton, although my less polished palate may have said “Cadbury’s Caramel and banana chocolate loaf ”. But then that’s the joy of experiencing all these new coffees – everybody’s palate is different and a big part of visiting Full Court Press is that it’s an education in itself.
Venue Full Court Press, 59 Broad Street, Bristol, BS1 2EJ Contact 07794 808552
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 13
Food Andy Welch
Those lists of things to do before you die are all the rage. But what about those things you should eat – perhaps a last supper request. Simon Rimmer, best known as the cook on Channel 4’s Sunday Brunch, was among those deciding what had to appear in the top 50 food experiences, in a project out together by Kenwood, along with a panel of experts including critic Giles Coren, Waitrose magazine editor and sometime MasterChef judge William Sitwell and Great British Bake Off finalist Miranda Gore Brown. “There are many things that play a part, aside from ego and desire of those on the panel,” he explains. “First, we had to know where to pitch it. With myself, William and Giles, the natural inclination was to think about the most amazing thing we’d ever eaten, or the most unbelievable experience, but then you think what your mum might want, what my kids would like or what I’d like them to do.” As a result, alongside visiting certain restaurants around the world, there are some simpler, yet truly rewarding experiences among the 50. Cooking a curry from scratch is one of them, for example. Not something that should trouble even the most amateur home cook, and not needlessly extravagant, but something we should all do at least once. Catching a fish and cooking it on the beach is another. OK, it’s not something you could do each day for your tea, but it does sound quite romantic. Baking a chocolate cake with your children perhaps typifies the idea of simple pleasure. “When that one came up everyone around the table just said ‘Oh yes, absolutely’,” says Rimmer, who says he’s done around 40 of the final 50 on the list. There were three items he was particularly keen to fight for, and number one was Betty’s Tea Room in Harrogate. Rimmer loves the place – he had his wedding reception in the York branch of the tea room and says he’d recommend a visit to anyone. “It’s deliriously overpriced, but the level of service and quality of food make it worthwhile. You might pay £7 for a piece of fruitcake, but then if you were sitting opposite the Place de l’Opera in Paris, you wouldn’t moan about your nine-euro coffee, you’d just admire the view. These aren’t about everyday experiences, I’m not suggesting going there is something you do on your way to work.” He wasn’t quite so lucky with ‘eating cold baked beans from the can’ and ‘eating a doner kebab’ – perhaps the rest of the panel don’t know what it’s like to be a hungry, drunk student – but his choice of fish and chips made the grade. “I even stated which chippy it should be – and that’s Seniors just outside Blackpool,” he says, explaining it exemplifies everything that’s great about a local institution. “It was very tough deciding these things, and the meetings were fraught with lots of shouting,” says Rimmer. “The thing is, if we’d been asked to make a list of 500, we could’ve done it, but I’m very pleased with the 50 things we’ve chosen. I honestly think it’s a list for everyone.” Here are two top 50 foodie experiences for you to try at home...
French onion soup by Jean-Christophe Novelli Foodie experience: Making your own soup Ingredients for four
50g unsalted butter; 1tblspn olive oil; 1kg red onions, thinly sliced; one sprig fresh thyme, stalks removed; two bay leaves; 3tspns caster sugar; 750ml dry white wine; 350ml hot vegetable stock; 1tblspn lemon juice; salt and pepper For the croutons: one baguette; one garlic clove, peeled; 180g Gruyere cheese, sliced; freshly ground black pepper; pinch paprika
Method
Melt the butter in a large saucepan with the oil and gently cook the onions for six to eight minutes or until softened. Add the herbs and seasoning, sprinkle over the sugar and cook for a further five minutes. Pour in the wine and raise the heat. Bring back to the boil and simmer to reduce for 10 minutes. Add the hot stock, bring back to the boil and simmer for 25 minutes. When you are ready to serve the soup, preheat the grill. Slice the baguette diagonally and dry-fry in a heavy-based pan without oil or butter. While it’s toasting, rub a clove of garlic on the bottom of the pan to infuse the bread. When the baguette pieces are golden brown, top with the sliced cheese, grind over the pepper, sprinkle with the paprika, and grill for two to three minutes until the cheese is bubbling. Just before serving the soup, add the lemon juice and stir. Ladle into hot bowls and top with the cheesy croutons. Serve immediately.
Chorizo scotch eggs with pepper chutney by Simon Rimmer Foodie experience: British ale with a scotch egg Ingredients for six
Six hard-boiled eggs, cooked for a maximum of six minutes; 175g sausage meat; 75g finely diced chorizo; 1tblspn chopped parsley; 1tblspn finely chopped chives; 75g breadcrumbs; 75g polenta; oil for frying; plenty of salt and white pepper For the pepper chutney: one red onion, sliced; four red peppers, finely sliced, one clove garlic, sliced; eight gherkins, chopped; 1tblsp capers; 100g demerara sugar; 100ml red wine vinegar; one bird’s eye chilli, finely chopped
Method
Mix the sausage meat, chorizo, parsley and chives together and season generously. Divide into 16 pieces and press flat. Shell the egg, then roll it in flour to make sure it has a dry surface and the other things stick to it properly. Roll it in a little beaten egg, then wrap the sausage/ chorizo mix around it. Combine the polenta and breadcrumbs. Roll the eggs in breadcrumbs/polenta mixture. Deep fry at 180C for four minutes, turning regularly. To make the chutney, fry the onion, garlic
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and chilli for three to four minutes to soften. Add the peppers, and cook for two minutes. Add the sugar and vinegar, boil for ten minutes, and take off heat. Finally add the capers, gherkins, season and cool. Serve the chutney with Scotch eggs and a little pretty salad garnish.
50 foodie things to do before you die 1 Baking chocolate cake with your kids 2 Takeaways with posh plonk 3 Afternoon tea at Betty’s (Harrogate) 4 Eating Beluga caviar 5 Dining at Chez Panisse (California) 6 Eating a hot dog at a baseball game 7 Coffee and croissants in a Parisian café 8 Fresh British asparagus 9 Collecting and cooking fresh eggs 10 Breakfast at The Wolseley (London) 11 Bread and butter pudding 12 Cornish clotted cream 13 Catching and cooking a mackerel on a beach 14 Marinated barbecued lamb 15 Crispy crackling 16 Curing raw fish at home 17 Cooking a curry from scratch 18 Growing your own vegetables 19 Dining at Racine (London) 20 Chocolate fondant pudding
21 Fresh seafood by the sea 22 Fresh honeycomb 23 Chocolate eclairs 24 Set lunch menu at Le Gavroche (London) 25 Greengages 26 Blackberry picking 27 Dining at L’Enclume (Cumbria) 28 Visiting Jamaa El Fna Square (Marrakesh) 29 Home-made mayonnaise 30 Woodland glade picnic 31 Learning to joint a chicken 32 Baking your own bread 33 Lunch at The Walnut Tree (Abergavenny) 34 Cooking a perfectly timed Sunday roast 35 Making your own soup 36 Early morning breakfast at Carnegie Deli (New York) 37 Making your own marmalade 38 Making ice cream 39 Tapas in San Miguel market (Madrid) 40 Pork pies 41 Dawn fry-up at Smithfield Market (London) 42 International wine trail 43 British ale with a Scotch egg 44 Sushi at Tsukiji fish market (Tokyo) 45 Takeaway fish’n’chips 46 Guinness at the Stag’s Head, Dublin 47 Dining at The Seahorse (Devon) 48 Wild British strawberries 49 Toasting a haggis with whisky 50 Street food in Asia
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Foodie treat Mark Taylor The New West Country Cook Book is a new 320page tome showcasing the West Country’s culinary talent and high quality produce through 75 home-cooked recipes provided by 17 of the top chefs in the region. The book is the brainchild of Cornwallbased photographer David Griffen. Contributors include established names such as two-Michelin star chefs Nathan Outlaw and Gloucester-born Tom Kerridge, Michael Caines, Mitch Tonks and Mark Hix, as well as rising stars such as Sam Moody (Bath Priory), Tom Blake (of The Swan at Wedmore) and Josh Eggleton (Pony & Trap, Chew Magna). And this lamb recipe is fromthe Michelinstarred Pony & Trap. Josh says: “This is ideal for any dinner party and can be prepared in advance. Once cooked, while you leave the lamb to rest for half an hour, you can relax and enjoy a drink with your guests.”
Stuffed saddle of lamb Ingredients for six to eight One saddle of lamb, boned out and trimmed of some, but not all, of the fat; eight cloves of garlic; eight sprigs of rosemary For the stuffing: 200g sausage meat; nine prunes, stoned; 200g spinach, stalks removed; 25g butter; one pinch freshly-grated nutmeg; 50ml port; 30g breadcrumbs; salt and pepper to season
Method
To make the stuffing: Place the prunes into a small saucepan. Add the port and bring up to the boil. Remove from the heat and allow to cool. Wash the spinach and pick off the stalks.
Bettys Cafe Tea Room in Harrogate, Yorkshire, left, where the cake may be over-priced, says Simon Rimmer, but it’s worth every penny; making French onion soup, above; and scotch eggs, top, are great foodie experiences
Comfort food Rosa Mashiter It was good news last week to hear that the UK economy is showing growth but bad news that our domestic gas and electric are yet again going to increase at a whopping rate. A good way of stretching the budget I believe is to make good use of the wide variety of vegetables and pulses available to produce delicious and nutritious dishes. What is important is to shop that little more carefully, and make sure that you buy good produce at the best price you can achieve. I have certainly noticed a change in the way people are shopping at my local supermarket, with more people using “own brand” products and eating more seasonally. I also have noticed that prices are the local greengrocers are, given the odd exceptions, not only on par with local supermarkets, but a lot of their produce is local and cheaper – so do support your local greengrocer.
Chickpea, lentil and squash curry Ingredients for six One large onion; 2tblspns vegetable oil; 1tspn ground coriander; 1tspn ground cumin; 1tspn
turmeric; 3tspns garam masala; 1tspn chilli powder; ½tspn ground cinnamon; ¼tspn ground ginger; 150g red lentils; ½ butternut squash; 650ml vegetable stock (use 2 stock cubes and water); 400g tin chickpeas; 125g fresh baby spinach; juice of a lemon; 1tblspn chopped fresh coriander; 1tbspn chopped fresh mint
Method
Peel and thinly slice the onion. Peel and roughly chop the butternut squash. Heat the oil in a large pan and over a medium heat sauté off the onion until soft and transparent. Stir in the garam masala and cook for one minute, then add the rest of the spices mixing well and cook for a further minute before stirring in the lentils and squash together with 650ml of vegetable stock. Bring to the boil, then lower the heat to simmer until the lentils are thick and mushy in consistency. Add the chickpeas and spinach and stir well until the spinach wilts, bring the mixture to just below boiling point. Remove from the heat and stir in the lemon juice, coriander and mint and serve immediately with chappatis or naan bread.
Vegetarian creole jambalaya Ingredients 25g butter; 1tblspn vegetable oil; two cloves garlic; one large onion; six spring onions; two sticks celery; one green pepper; one red
pepper; ½tspn ground cumin; couple of dashes Tabasco sauce; 200g long grain rice; 1tspn dried basil; 400g tin chopped tomatoes; 400ml vegetable stock (use stock cube and water); 400g tin sweetcorn; salt and freshly ground black pepper; 4tblspns chopped fresh parsley; wedges of lemon or lime for garnish
Method
Peel and crush the garlic. Peel and chop the onion. Trim and chop the spring onions. Deseed and chop the red and green peppers. Heat the butter with the oil in a paella pan (if you do not have one use a large wide deep frying pan) add the rice, cumin and Tabasco and stir fry for a couple of minutes, then add the thyme, tomatoes and stock, bring to the boil, stir well and reduce the heat and cover with a lid, and allow to simmer gently for about 15 to 20 minutes, stirring from time to time until the rice is tender and the stock absorbed. Stir in the sweetcorn and season with salt and pepper and continue to cook to heat through. Sprinkle over the chopped parsley and serve garnished with lemon or lime wedges.
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Stuffed saddle of lamb is ideal for a dinner party Heat the butter in a wide-based pan until foaming. Add the spinach and nutmeg. Remove from the heat and stir until the spinach has wilted. Season with salt and pepper, then set aside until later. When cool, chop the prunes and the spinach. Add to the sausage meat with the breadcrumbs. Combine all the ingredients thoroughly and chill. To prepare the lamb: The fillets should be loose; remove them and set aside. Score the fat both ways to form 1cm-sized diamonds. Turn the saddle, fat side down. Place a cylinder of the stuffing in the middle of the joint. Place the fillets on top, with the thick ends opposite each other. Top with some more stuffing and season with salt and pepper. Lift one of the ends and roll it over the loins. Repeat this for the other side and ensure the joint is tightly rolled. Tie with plenty of string so the joint holds its shape. For cooking, season the outside. Preheat the oven to 200°C. Sear the joint all over in a large frying pan. Transfer the joint to the roasting tin with the garlic and rosemary. Roast in the preheated oven for 30 minutes. Remove from the oven and cover with foil. Leave to rest for 30 minutes. The lamb should be medium to medium-rare.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 15
Absolute Corkers Ned Halley
Watering hole The Trooper Inn
The Alsace region produces some wonderful pinot grigio, such as Jean Biecher & Fils Pinot Gris Reserve 2011 which can be bought online from Morrisons
Pinot grigio has made Italian white wine fashionable again. It’s the café wine of Venice. And this certainly helps. But it’s really the pleasantly easy, fresh appeal of the wine that seems to have done the trick for drinkers here in Britain. The name pinot grigio rolls off the tongue with a certain Italian brio. There’s an argument that it sounds a bit more stylish than Aussie chardonnay, a little less of a mouthful than New Zealand sauvignon blanc. But the pinot grigio is not Italian at all. It’s French. The name is just a translation from pinot gris (“grey pinot”), a grape variety native to Burgundy. The name positions the variety neatly between its two cousins, the white pinot blanc, now mostly cultivated in Alsace, and the black pinot noir, the grape that makes all the great red wines of Burgundy, and much of the sparkling wine of Champagne, too. There are at least fifty shades to the grey pinot. The PG – to abbreviate and internationalise it – is neither a green nor a black grape, but somewhere betwixt. The skins might be a grey-blue, resembling pinot noir, or even a russet-pink, causing confusion with pinot blanc. And PG covers a wide span of wine styles, too, from the palest, lightest and driest of whites to the most lavishly rich and unctuous “dessert” wines. It’s mostly down to location. The pinot grigio you find in the supermarkets and wine bars comes from the Veneto region of northeast Italy, where it is now produced on an industrial scale for export markets such as Britain and the United States. The basic wines are just off-dry, with aromas and fruit that might make you think of apples or pears. The best ones are fresh and lively, and moderately priced.
Asda Wine Selection Pinot Grigio 2012 at £4.50 is among the cheapest of the ownlabel PGs. It has a lively sweet-pear fruit and decent acidity which makes it more interesting than some. Over at Waitrose, try La Vis Vigneti di Montagna Pinot Grigio 2012, reduced until Tuesday next from £9.99 to a proper bargain £6.66. This is from north of the Veneto in the Trentino region, where the sub-Alpine conditions seem to be auspicious. This is an exceptional PG, generously coloured, ripe with crisp-apple fruit and an exotic note of clove with an elegant, tangy citrus finish. Palatia Pinot Grigio 2012 at £8.49 from Marks & Spencer is from Germany, and a PG in a class of its own. The Germans used to call PG Grauburgunder (“Burgundy grey”) or more commonly the Ruländer, but now that the Italian name for the variety has so caught on, it’s understandable they should wish to capitalize on its vogue. This M&S wine is a treat under any name, limey, smoky and stonily fresh with long orchard fruits and a satisfying weight. In France, the PG is now virtually unknown in Burgundy, but prospers in another of the nation’s classic regions, Alsace. As a good-value introduction to the style, try Jean Biecher & Fils Pinot Gris Reserve 2011 at £7.99 from Morrisons’ online shop. It’s an ideally poised and quite dry, smoky-spicy Alsace
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wine with deliciously exotic and layered herbaceous, orchard flavours. Amazing value for this quality. Italian PG producers can congratulate themselves on making the market for this interesting wine style. It does not compete with the pinot gris wines of Alsace, and you could be forgiven for wondering if the two styles have any connection barring the common grape variety. But the Italians had best not rest on their laurels, because their ever-enterprising rivals in the southern hemisphere are catching on to the PG boom fast. Try, for example The Co-operative Premium Marlborough Pinot Grigio 2012 at £9.99 from the Co-op. This is a fascinating aromatic dry white from New Zealand in which I detected a lovely grafefruit twang on the nose, accompanied by what I swear was a note of broad bean, though I might have imagined it. Whatever the case, this is a typically complex and nuanced Kiwi dry white wine of real character, and definitely a new spin on the PG theme. A gorgeous match for Asian dishes and anything smoky. I equally like Wither Hills Pinot Gris 2012 at £10.49 from Waitrose, and not just because this winery has held to the more-appropriate name of the grape. This is in fact a wine made in the Alsace tradition, aromatic, intense, smoky, spicy and rich, but with the hallmark minerality and vivacity of fruit that makes New Zealand such an exciting source of wines of all kinds.
Congratulations to Kevin and Zena Staunton, owner-operators of The Trooper Inn, which has been named the Camra Wessex Regional Pub of the Year, 2013. The judges praised the warm welcome and good service as well as the ales, and following our own visit last week, Mrs Halley and I concur. It’s a charming little one-room inn at the heart of a picturesque Blackmore Vale village, and quite busy with friendly, chatty locals on the wet lunchtime we popped in last week. Oddly enough, there were just two beers on draft, Cornish Coaster and Doom Bar, both from Sharpe’s Brewery at Rock in Cornwall, and both in beautiful condition, as might be expected. The pub’s in good nick, too. It’s a plain sort of 18th-century building, with stripped stone internal walls and an inglenook large enough to accommodate a bench and table at one end. The furniture is all rather good, and each table was adorned with a vase containing a single, elegant rose. There are agreeable quirks. Pictures aplenty include old village scenes, a photo montage of Irish writers, mostly looking grumpy (especially Samuel Beckett) and a large framed print we were convinced was a Rothko. There’s no canned music, and when the phone rang behind the bar it did so with the ring of the pre-trimphone (let alone mobile) era. It was indeed a vintage instrument (well, 1980s maybe), and rang with merry regularity. Music to my ears. We were just in time for a sandwich, and glad of it. The sausage and onion in gorgeous fresh granary bread (£5.50) was special, and came on a little board all of its own. Mrs H was well pleased with her breaded butterfly king prawns and chilli dip, also £5.50. It’s a sensible and attractive menu. The pub has other attractions. There’s a skittle alley, and to the rear there are pitches and facilities for camping. The Trooper, previously known as The Catherine Wheel and re-named after a stint as an army-recruitment office during the Napoleonic wars, is an understated pub well cared for and well run. I hope it goes on to win Camra’s national award, coming up soon. Ned Halley
Wine of the Week Kuhlmann-Platz Pinot Gris 2012 is £9.99 from Majestic, or £8.49 if you buy two. This is a textbook example of PG the way they make it in the French province of Alsace. Made by the co-operative at the quaint village of Hunawihr, it has a fine lemon-gold colour, and a sweet orchardfruit nose; it’s a full, plump wine but quite dry and fresh with clearly defined aromas of crisp conference pear and a lush little autumn note of apricot in there, too. It’s beautifully balanced. Nicolas Garde, the winemaker, is rightly proud of the vintage: “Overall, the 2012 wines were fresh, aromatic and with good crisp acidity,” he says. “As these are the qualities we always look for in our Pinot Gris, together with a dry finish, this really was a good vintage for us.”
The Trooper Inn, Golden Hill, Stourton Caundle, Dorset DT10 2JW. Tel 01963 362405
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 17
Shopping Sam Wylie-Harris
If Hallowe’en brought out your dark side, why not experiment with Gothic interiors? But that doesn’t just mean sticking to boring old black. The latest twist on Gothic includes grey, silver and red. Glamorous and dramatic, the trend also blends striking skull prints with glitzy accessories to add an edgy touch to homes and make a stylish statement. Kevin Parkin, head of design for Littlewoods.com, says: “This season, the catwalks are bursting with Gothic-inspired collections with a hint of punk style, so we have updated the Gothic trend to create a clean and fresh look for your home. “Start with the colour palette: grey and black tones work as the perfect backdrop on walls and furniture, while silver accessories lift the look and a splash of red adds life to a room.” To get the contemporary Gothic look, try mixing high-gloss furniture with baroquestyle pieces, such as mirrors and chandeliers, to set the tone.
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Get that gothic look... 1. Pitfield Gold Dipped Parrot, £102, Selfridges (call 0800 123 400) 2. Howsham Large Black Rococo Mirror, £285, The Chandelier and Mirror Company (www.chandeliersandmirrors.co.uk) 3. Waterford Crystal John Rocha Muse Leda Cased Black Flute, £155, Chinacraft (www.chinacraft.co.uk) 4. Bordeau Bedside Table in Black and Silver, £249.99, Chi Chi Furniture (www.chichifurniture.com) 5. John Rocha Lace Mug, £6, Debenhams 200 Year Anniversary Collection, Debenhams (www.debenhams.com) 6. Silver Lobby Desk Phone, £65, Liberty (www.liberty.co.uk) 7. Eden Pegasus Cushion – Cerise by Matthew Williamson, £110, Amara (www.amara.com) 8. Large Gypsy Chandelier in Red, £150, The Contemporary Home (www.tch.net) 9. Elysee 2-Door Display Unit, £489, Littlewoods.com (www.littlewoods.com)
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Shopping Lisa Haynes
Some trends focus on prints, others on colour, but this season it’s entirely on touch. The fashion premise is simple: pick two pieces in completely opposing fabrics. Think slick patent skirt with fuzzy angora jumper. Or feathers and leather, or sequins and denim – anything goes, but dramatic contrasts emphasise the two-tone texture. If the concept of clashing gives you a headache, look for garments with spliced fabrics where the texture matches are ready-made for you. With multi-textured layers this cool and cosy, why bother with central heating?
Leather love It’s official, leather is the hottest fabric in fashion. With a 52 per cent increase in leather pieces available online compared to last year, according to fashion database EDITD, it’s moved from a luxury item to an everyday staple. The shift is evident on the high street, with rails of leather skirts, dresses, trousers and tops giving the ubiquitous biker jacket a run for its money. Leather’s popularity is little wonder when you consider its longevity, hardworking qualities and ability to go with just about everything in your wardrobe. Black is the obvious choice, but you can mix things up with chic navy, berry or forest green tones for a stylish twist. If funds are running low, look to pleather – PVC made to resemble matte leather – with a lived-in, grainy texture. PERFECT PAIRING: Team your tough leather staple (skirt or leggings) with a girly fluffy jumper.
High shine Banish visions of Pretty Woman-style kneehigh boots. Patent, PVC and vinyl are of-themoment fabrics the fashion pack can’t get enough of. Look to super-feminine silhouettes like full circle skirts or pretty pleats to offset the dominatrix vibe and swap the bin bag black for candy floss pink or rich burgundy. Be careful – these slick synthetics can add bulk to your frame, so if you’re pear-shaped, avoid wearing on your lower half. If you still want to engage in some gloss, patent accessories will give your outfit an instant lift. Try shoes and bags so shiny that you can almost see your reflection. PERFECT PAIRING: Work your patent next to a woolly cable knit for the ultimate contrast.
Patchwork quilt You no longer need to save up for a Chanel bag for some luxurious quilting. Quilted fabrics are adorning jumpers, skirts, dresses and boots, as well as slightly more affordable bags. Designer Victoria Beckham made quilting a big feature of her collection for spring 2014, so the look is set to stick around. The quilt effect can be as dramatic as you dare on clothing. Opt for subtle embossed grooves if you’re feeling cautious, or bold diamonds to really make an impact. Accessories are the most accessible way to work quilted couture – try a leather bag or riding boots. PERFECT PAIRING: Wear your padded quilts with super-smooth textures like leather or patent.
Razzle dazzle Think showgirl – by day. Feathers, sequins and heavy beading are no longer just for party season. Contrasted with casual pieces, like woolly jumpers and black leather, these eyecatching fabrics are instantly pared down. You’ll also find glistening embellishment on casualwear like sweatshirts and jumpers this season, making them instantly daytime appropriate. Black feathers are best reserved for after dark, so try opulent jewel tones that will transfer easily from day to night. Brocade and jacquard are other textured fabrics that will glide effortlessly from office to dance floor. If full-on sequins or feathers feel a little too West End stage, look to more subtle trims on hems and necklines. PERFECT PAIRING: Bring glitzy textures back down to earth teamed with an everyday slouchy knit.
Furry monster With temperatures plummeting, furry materials are back in a big way, but think outside the big coat box. Separates have been given the fuzzy treatment for a modern take on faux fur – jumpers with fur panels or bags as cuddly as kittens. For a more accessible take on the trend, try faux pony skin panels on tops, skirts and dresses – it has a denser, flatter appearance than “fluffy” fur, making it more flattering on the body. Knits haven’t escaped the teddy bear texture makeover. Check out jumpers and dresses with a fuzzy eyelash finish for a twist on traditional mohair. PERFECT PAIRING: Faux fur and leather are perfect texture teammates – wear in the same tone for a put-together look.
Buy it now...
Wheatsheaf sweater, £110; quilted leather skirt, £179; both NW3 at Hobbs
Debenhams are blowing out the candles to mark 200 years on the high street. Grab a piece of retail history with the Limited Edition Collection from its Designers at Debenhams family. Must-have coats, eveningwear and handbags come in limited supplies, priced from £39 for a purse. The Debenhams 200 Collection is available at www.debenhams.com and in limited stores nationwide.
It’s all about texture this season such as, clockwise from above, this leopard eyelash jumper, £12, from Asda; embellished jumper, £45; statement necklace, £50; cuffs, £20 each; quilted skirt, £35; all from River Island; Emma Lawrie Folk for The Campaign for Wool jumper, £295 (www.folkclothing.com); Topshop Scamp patent leather platforms, £68
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Books Martin Freeman
Charlie Higson has created a monster. His horror series of books has taken over his life. And it’s captured young imaginations too. They began with The Enemy, which gave its name to the set that has yet to reach a finale. That’s despite his best efforts to make the latest, The Fallen, the fifth and final. The series is proving as difficult to dispatch as the zombies who inhabit the pages. “I’ve got The Hidden coming out next year and The End in 2015,” says the Somerset-born writer. “That’s my plan. I hope I don’t have to make The End into two books, Part 1 and Part 2.” The Enemy series has helped achieve two further transformations. To the thirty-plus generation he remains a comedy writer as cocreator (with Paul Whitehouse) of, and actor in, BBC2 sketch series The Fast Show. But to young readers he has become the zombie man. And he has played no small part in the undead creatures’ rise to global dominance of young fiction. Charlie’s appeal across the generations made him a big draw when he appeared at the opening day of the at Plymouth International Book Festival on Hallowe’en. It was a real coup for a festival that is still being established – it is in its second year – and it was secured through Charlie’s friend and fellow horror fan Johnny Mains, a publisher and writer who lives in Ernesettle in Plymouth. Charlie was born in Frome, Somerset, in 1958. His career as a novelist predates his success as a comedy writer. The first of his four horror-tinged thrillers for adults, King Of The Ants, came out in 1992. His gothic literature studies at the University of East Anglia clearly fed into this fascination for the dark, mysterious and frightening. His first career, though, was in music. He sang in funk-punk band The Higsons and had success in the indie charts. Then he turned to comedy writing, teaming with Paul Whitehouse – a friend from university – and Harry Enfield. A string of TV success followed including Saturday Live, The Harry Enfield Television Programme, The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer, Shooting Stars, Randall and Hopkirk Deceased, The Fast Show and a spin-off Swiss Toni. Charlie and Paul went on to create and appear in Down the Line for BBC Radio 4, leading to the BBC2 TV comedy series Bellamy’s People in 2010.
Meanwhile, his Young Bond books introduced him to youthful readers. He wrote five thrillers about the future 007 from 2005-2008. After that he wanted to carry on writing for teenagers but wasn’t sure what to do. “I thought, ‘what genre is popular with the young teenage? Horror’,” says Charlie. “I’ve always been a huge horror fan and my three boys were into it. “Zombies were very popular when I first started writing about them,” the 55-year-old adds. “Now they have gone absolutely crazy. They have taken over the world.” The Enemy came out in 2009 and Charlie braced himself for the reaction. “The publisher was quite nervous about some of the gore and I thought there might be complaints from some librarians and teachers or parents. “But kids are very, very good at self-censoring what they can handle or cannot handle.” Charlie had done his research on his sons who were then aged ten, 14 and 16. “When I was writing the book I was reading it to my kids as a bed-time story. “I thought it was quite gory but I realised that it had to be a lot more extreme than I’d originally thought.” The first, and those that have followed each year since (The Dead, The Fear, The Sacrifice and now The Fallen), have been applauded by critics and devoured by teenagers. For those who remain nervous about the content, Charlie says: “It’s fantasy. It is not real life. “I would rather they [teenagers] got their kicks from that rather than anything real.”
The Fallen by Charlie Higson, published by Penguin, priced £12.99
Comedy writer, actor and now teenage book author Charlie Higson, who comes from Frome, in Somerset, has just published his fifth zombie novel, The Fallen
Books reviews The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt is published in hardback by Little, Brown, priced £20 (ebook £9.50)
Sense and Sensibility by Joanna Trollope is published in hardback by HarperFiction, priced £18.99 (ebook £7.70)
Taking The Fall by A P McCoy, published in hardback by Orion Books on November 7 priced £16.99
The Goldfinch was one of a few paintings by a Dutch master, a pupil of Rembrandt, to survive an explosion in Delft that killed the artist. At the start of Tartt’s novel, the painting survives a second explosion, in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art. It is then rescued from a dust-storm of collapsing rubble by 13-yearold Theo. This book is immense in scope, and its treatment of lofty themes in sensuous passages will bear much re-reading.
This modern adaptation of Jane Austen’s comedy of manners is part of Harper Collins’s six-part series in which popular authors reimagine the classics in modern times. This new version of Sense and Sensibility retains the heart of the original, but this is one of the many reasons it fails. In a lot of ways, the language used is archaic and there is nothing to reach out to a younger generation. Keep the classics classic, Joanna.
The debut racing thriller from 18 times champion jockey A P McCoy sees upand-coming jockey Duncan Claymore bent on revenge against the three superpowerful men who wrecked his trainer-father’s life and reputation. A solid start and holds the course but no great surprises. The 1979 setting begs the question of whether we will see lippy anti-hero Claymore’s career and adventures develop in the future.
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Books Hannah Stephenson
Amanda Holden breezes into the room in beige sweater and cotton trousers. Her blonde hair a little unkempt as, she explains, she’s just taken her daughter Hollie swimming and didn’t have time to blow-dry it. She oozes confidence, but not in a cocky, arrogant way, and has no qualms about being out and about without make-up or dressed down (although she loves putting on the glitz for red carpet events). As a much-loved judge on Britain’s Got Talent, it’s hard to believe that a dozen years ago Holden was branded a marriage wrecker for her affair with Men Behaving Badly star Neil Morrissey, behind her then husband Les Dennis’s back. Today, she’s in a different place. She’s been happily married to record producer Chris Hughes for five years and they have two daughters, Lexi, seven, and Hollie, nearly two. Plus she has a string of TV and theatre acting roles under her belt, as well as the BGT job since 2007. All these events are charted in her autobiography, No Holding Back, which we’re discussing today and, from the outset, it’s clear that Holden’s fun, witty and engaging. She once read in a magazine that Simon Cowell, who hired her for BGT, didn’t like blondes – but he made an exception with Holden because she looked naughty. And then there’s her infectious dirty laugh. She may have been with Hughes for a decade, but it has taken a long time for the negative public perception of her to change, she reflects. Holden, 42, who married Dennis when his career was flourishing and hers was just beginning (she’s 16 years his junior), has long held her hands up to her mistake. “I ruined my reputation – professionally and with the press – but most importantly with the public who’d always been so supportive.” But she’s not terribly complimentary about Dennis in her autobiography, painting a picture of a needy depressive who’d start flaming rows on a whim. “I stand by my statement that women don’t have affairs for sex. You are not happy in your marriage if you seek affirmation somewhere else. “We were together for 10 years. When I saw him do really well on MasterChef I was thrilled, and I’m thrilled for him that he’s happily married with two gorgeous children. He’s with people who cherish him and who are right for him. We were just not right for each other.” She continues: “The thing that angers me is that, if I was a man, it [the bad image] would have all ended years ago. If I was Lenny Henry or Angus Deayton or any of the others, but it’s only ever me. I’m not like this slapper, I haven’t put it about. I was engaged twice. I was a relationship girl.” Britain’s Got Talent has helped her win over the public again. “I owe Simon a debt for that – or he keeps telling me I do! Before that, I had a huge drama career. I was doing Wild At Heart, so I was getting back into the fold of not being a threatening woman, which is how I’d been perceived. “But being on national television [on BGT], being able to be me, then people could really judge me,” she adds. “Not everyone’s going to like me, but at least they can see me and not just read about me.” The catalyst for the book, however, was her brush with death in 2012, after complications arose following the birth of her second daughter Hollie, which made her re-evaluate life. Not even her worst enemies would wish on her the heartbreak she’s endured in recent
years, suffering one miscarriage and one stillbirth when her son, Theo, died when she was 28 weeks’ pregnant, a week before her 40th birthday. She had to give birth by Caesarean and was allowed to hold him before she said goodbye. She was given a photo of him, snuggled in a blanket, which she takes out occasionally to look at. “I still cry when I read that bit of the book,” says Holden. “As much as you put things to rest, it’s always close to the surface and I’m surprised at myself for that, because I’m strong. I will always miss my little boy and I think about him often, and I’ve got my little girl and I’ve moved on, but you just don’t recover from situations like that.” She’s aware of his birthday, of Christmas, and of children her friends had at the time who would be about the same age. “But I’m a fatalist and that wasn’t supposed to be, and I accept that I gave him back,” she says. She soon became pregnant with Hollie, but again it proved tremendously traumatic. “It’s beginning to sound like EastEnders,” she jokes, relaying the story about how she haemorrhaged when her placenta, which had attached to her bladder, was removed, snagging a large artery. She flatlined for 40 seconds before doctors got her heart going again and induced a coma under general anaesthetic for three days. “I joke that when I died I saw God and it was Simon Cowell,” she says wryly, but in reality Holden subsequently sought therapy to come to terms with the experience. “I kept thinking about my own mortality. You think, ‘I’m never going to sweat the small stuff again’, but I wanted to do that. I was being appreciative of absolutely everything. It was all dramatic and heightened. I had no tools left to deal with the smallest things in my life,” she explains. “Finally, I found this lovely woman, went to her for about six sessions and she helped me get my strength back. “I’ve been toughened by this business but I’m a lot softer and more vulnerable than I allow people to ever think.” The years of trauma have brought Holden and her husband closer together. “Chris is a brilliantly humorous, witty person who sees the light in everything, and even he has been massively tested by this.” Her illness also reunited a family that had been torn apart by petty feuds for years. When Holden nearly died, they rallied round, including her sister Debbie, whom she hadn’t spoken to for six years. “My sister and I are really different people. Someone should have just banged our heads together. But every woman in my family is a pain in the arse!” The strong female characters come from her mother, who brought her daughters up virtually single-handedly in their early years as their errant father, a petty officer in the Navy, was hardly ever around and, when he was, squandered his cash on booze. They eventually divorced and Holden’s father never visited the girls. Her mother was left to juggle two or three jobs to make ends meet until she met her second husband, Les. As a child, Holden took up gymnastics and acting, joining her local theatre in Bishop’s Waltham, Hampshire. When her mother and stepfather moved to Bournemouth to open a guesthouse, she studied A-level drama and then moved to London to attend Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts. Before long, she
‘Fun, witty and engaging’ says Hannah Stephenson, Amanda Holden comes across well in her autobiography found herself in a tour of The Sound Of Music, after which she met Les Dennis. The rest is history. She now lives in a lovely house in the Cotswolds but, at 42, won’t risk having any more children. “I’m not having any more, I’m not allowed. The stuff that happened with Hollie wasn’t predicted. If it had been, I wouldn’t have risked my life. I was 41 when I had Hollie. I always tell women to have their babies younger. I would encourage Lexi to have babies younger, otherwise I’ll be in my 80s when I’m a grandmother!”
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No Holding Back by Amanda Holden is published by Simon & Schuster, priced £18.99. Available now
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Books reviews
There are both good and bad books about cider.
Chipping Campden, in Gloucestershire, above; Arlington Row, in Bibury, below; and the view from Broadway Tower in Worcestershire, bottom, are some of England’s best views according to a new book PICTURE: BETTY STOCKER
We all believe we live in the most beautiful county of England, wherever that may be. But author Simon Jenkins has put together a definitive guide of what he believes are England’s most beautiful views. Among them are several in the West Country including Arlington Row in Bibury and Chipping Campden High Street – both in Gloucestershire, as well as the view from Broadway Tower in Worcestershire. In the book, Simon, who is also chairman of the National Trust, says: “Broadway Tower ranks with Dunkery Beacon and Gummer’s
England’s 100 Best Views by Simon Jenkins is published by Profile Books, RRP £25
How as a grand old man among English views. “The tower stands at over 300m, crowning the Cotswold escarpment above the village of Broadway and boasting a visual radius of 60 miles over 16 counties.” The best-selling author of England’s Thousand Best Churches and England’s Thousand Best Houses, roams the country from the white cliffs of Dover to Hadrian’s Wall explaining the fascinating stories behind them all. From roman roads to cliff-tops, follies, mountains, ancient castles and rolling forests it caters for tastes. One of spots to make it into his top 100 is Arlington Row in Bibury. “If scenery could be worn out by photography, Arlington Row would be no more,” he says. “The village of Bibury is Cotswold charm. Already by the 18th century Alexander Pope was remarking on its ‘pleasing prospect’, extraordinary in an age more attracted to landscape than villages. “William Morris dubbed it unequivocally ‘the most beautiful village in England’.” Eva Jones
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Just as some ciders are undrinkable some books about cider are unreadable. They should never have been written. They have been cobbled together by people with a little knowledge but whose writing skills are not merely zero but are prefixed by a minus sign. They are aimless, illiterate, wanderings around the landscape of the cider world which bear all the hallmarks of having been penned while under the influence of the very topic. And then you get World’s Best Cider (Jacqui Small, £25) which is the ultimate, the pinnacle of cider writing. And it comes with a bonus. Because you can immediately throw every other book ever written about cider in the bin and free yourself up some shelf space. Also strike cider books off your wish list for the next ten years at least. Between them beer writer Pete Brown and Somerset-based photographer Bill Bradshaw have produced a readable, enjoyable compendium of cider facts, knowledge, lore and information which veritably does take the reader – as the book itself promises – from Somerset to Seattle. It’s a volume that is worthy of cider’s newfound popularity and status: a serious, comprehensive yet eminently accessible portrait of the current state of play in the endlessly fascinating world of a drink that’s undergoing a renaissance almost everywhere you care to look. Not that it’s something that has been rattled off in the course of the last few months as cider sales here have hit record levels. Bill Bradshaw has been steadily gathering material over the last decade for a book he hoped would one day appear, after being given a commission and then deciding that orchards were such wonderful places to shoot pictures that he would carry on. “Then I read one of Pete Brown’s books about beer and I was so impressed I got in touch with him and said we should do a book about cider,” he said. “We stated off three years ago and then we kept going to publishers and getting turned down so by the time we were accepted last year we had a lot of stuff in the bag.” The book doesn’t just confine itself to the UK cider market and its many producers. It ventures into northern and southern Europe, takes a tour around the Americas and swoops down to Australia and New Zealand for a look at what’s going on there, even wrapping up with a picture of the cider industries in Japan, Russia, China and India. The Americans, grateful to have their cider industry professionally appraised and publicised, have funded two separate research visits and, says Bill: “There has been an awful lot of travelling the world behind this. “But then I looked at the cider story and I thought ‘this is something people need to know about’. “Cider has tended to suffer, to get left on the sidelines. “A lot of people are passionate about it but it’s never had the kind of attention it merits from people who can write and who will look at the whole picture of cider production around the world. “From the feedback we are already getting that is precisely what we have managed to do.” Chris Rundle
World’s Best Cider by Pete Brown and Bill Bradshaw (Jacqui Small, £25)
Pictured top: Blackout Concepts / Alamy. Bottom: Terry Yarrow WCL-E01-S2
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 23
Travel Ryan Hooper
A city famous for its extravagance and excess, Dubai strives to offer consumers the best of everything. But for all its majestic buildings, grand shopping malls and opulent social spaces, the city is still missing something it desperately craves – a Michelin star. Yet the gourmet scene in this wealthy Emirate is growing at an exciting rate. A number of high-profile chefs have taken up residence here, offshoots of Michelinstarred international restaurants have opened (Nobu Matsuhisa and Gary Rhodes have premises here) and, earlier this year, restaurant guide Zagat launched its first guide dedicated to Dubai. I’m not a fan of flexing my credit card in designer shops, but the idea of a weekend spent eating my way through some of the world’s top restaurants was certainly alluring. “There are ten or so chefs here [in Dubai] who can cook properly,” says Thomas Pendarovski, head chef at the Sofitel Jumeirah’s Rococo, one of the city’s top dining spots. “But we are about ten years behind. I know we can get a Michelin star, and I want to be one of the first to be recognised here in the Michelin world. I truly believe what we do, nobody else does.” A quick glance through the menus of some of Dubai’s renowned eateries would appear to confirm such a boast. At the Burj Khalifa’s signature Armani restaurant – part-way up the world’s tallest building – views of the magnificent water and city lights are matched only by the fabulous fare on offer. The opulent six-course tasting menu features the finest foie gras, seafood and meat, and is concluded by a gorgeous gianduja dessert – the sort of art-meets-pudding chocolate concoction that would make Willy Wonka blush. Priced at around £190, the full eating experience represents decent value for money for those looking for a high-end way to mark a stay in Dubai. The same menu – without the six glasses of wine which accompany the meal – can be selected at around half the price.
Chef Pendarovski’s own entree at the Rococo – diver sea scallop with fennel foam and Granny Smith apple – sets the tone for the rest of his tasting menu, which also acknowledges Dubai’s seafood culinary heritage. The beetroot sorbet – a “fluke” by the chef ’s own admission – is a romance of scents and sweet-sour tastes, served as a single pearshaped nugget of vivid maroon. It represents the variety and imagination of the gourmet cuisine on offer. Steak, too, features heavily on many a menu. And there can be few better than Fairmont Dubai’s own steakhouse, the Exchange Grill – one of several restaurants within the hotel – famous for its fine cuts of beef. The 18oz sirloin, cooked on the bone, is a thing of beauty, while other signature dishes have ensured the steakhouse has a clutch of honours recognising the young head chef ’s attention to detail and consideration for how each meal is cooked. It is one of nearly a dozen eating venues at the plush hotel, where almost every conceivable cuisine is catered for with gusto. It’s no wonder locals eat out for, on average, 11 meals a week. Typically, local diners eat at hotel restaurants where Dubai’s strict laws on alcohol are very much relaxed. It means many menus come with two set prices – one with alcohol and one without – with the “dry” option usually costing around half the price. Of all the week’s meals, the Friday brunch is clearly a favourite. At Fairmont The Palm’s Frevo restaurant, the Brazilian-themed dining experience has earned a reputation among locals and visitors alike. After a fish soup starter and salad buffet bar for the second course – themselves enough to represent a sizeable feast – the waiters bring on the meat. The rest is like a quiz show of the tastiest kind. An illuminated buzzer in the centre of the table notifies the army of chefs when the guests are fit to burst, or whether there is still
Travel news Beat the soaring heating bills with a long winter holiday As the big energy suppliers rack up their bills this winter, tour operators, budget airlines and cruise lines offer an alternative solution to keeping warm; namely lots of long, cheap escapes to the sunshine. Forget the two-week summer holiday style; many breaks in winter can be for a month or more. For example, take the five-star Rotterdam, a Holland America Line cruise, leaving Athens on November 10, for a 30-day voyage to Rome. You will pay from £999, through Imagine Cruising, which is only £34 day for full-board on a magical journey via the Greek islands, Istanbul, Marmaris, Malta and Italy. The leadin price, down by £200, even includes return flights. Or what about six weeks in Tunisia? Thomas Cook has 42-night B&B packages at a
four-star hotel in Yasmine Hammamet from January 5, from £698, with return flights exEast Midlands. Similar breaks at a four-star hotel in Hammamet, ex-Birmingham on the same day, start at £990. At Thomson Holidays, long winter stays include 28-nights all-inclusive at the three-star Dona Sylvia Beach resort in Goa from £1,929, ex-Manchester November 25 and 21-nights’ B&B at a four-star Thailand resort from £2,249, ex-Gatwick December. Goa specialist Jewel in the Crown also offers five weeks at a two-star guesthouse near Calangute from December 6, starting at £1,029, on Avro flights ex-Manchester with a 20kg baggage allowance. Ex-Gatwick prices for the same dates start at £1,099 and £915 respectively. Platon Loizou at Jewel in the Crown says: “Demand for Goa for three or four weeks in December is strong – and you can live there comfortably for about £10 per day.”
24 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
Head to India for great value
People are opting for the beach this winter
With the rupee plunging in value against the sterling, India could now be offering the best value for decades to British visitors. According to currency specialists Travelex, the rupee has decreased 23 per cent against the pound since March 13 – meaning £500 now buys 43,843 rupees against 35,548, a difference of 8,295 rupees (£95). Nick Wilson, product manager at luxury holiday specialist Hayes & Jarvis, explains: “Savvy travellers with India on wish lists are capitalising on currency weakness. This has always been an affordable long-haul destination, but the strength of the pound against the rupee (£1 = 101 rupees on October 1) ensures great value for money. A three-course meal with drinks for two people costs around £30 on average in a five-star hotel, cheaper than many other long haul destinations.” Leading operator Abercrombie & Kent has a 20 per cent discount on its seven nights HighWCL-E01-S2
room for another slice of wagyu beef. Costing around £81 for the all-you-can eat menu and caprilia cocktails (£50 without the alcohol), the brunch is usually scored by a Brazilian band, or a singer and a guitarist, providing a fittingly raucous musical accompaniment to this highlight in the week’s calendar. Considering most use this as the first meal of the day – and of their weekend, which runs Friday to Saturday – three courses may seem like something of a carnivorous excess. Yet teetering weightily on the edge of submission, it is almost impossible – if not rude – to turn down another slither of finely cut steak. “Friday brunch is the English Saturday night,” says John Cordeaux, the restaurant’s head chef, originally from Lincolnshire, now in Dubai via Canada. “This is all about meat. Unfortunately there are no local ingredients here, which is a shame, but you can get almost anything here in Dubai, which makes so much possible.” Considering Dubai used to consist of little more than a few settlements working off the river, it’s hard to gauge the true identity of authentic regional cuisine. Any local chefs have mostly been dwarfed by the newcomers, the renowned chefs looking to capitalise on one of the Middle East’s biggest tourist destinations. Those wanting to sample something with its roots in the UAE ought to venture into the desert on a Travco safari, where a Top Gearstyle traipse across arid terrain yields not only picture postcard views but unlimited plates of slow-cooked meats and rices, served with enough liquid refreshment to satisfy even the thirstiest of pilgrims. Sitting on mats set around a makeshift outdoor stage at dusk, it’s easy to see why so many foodies are keen to combine the finest foods of new Dubai with a few of the old favourites. A swift flight from Heathrow with Qantas, barely troubling the six-hour mark, means Dubai is a manageable option for a long weekend gourmet break. And given the growing trend for holidaymakers to choose trips based on menu options, I wonder if Dubai’s star might be ascending – Michelin-rated or not.
Travel facts ■ Ryan Hooper was a guest of the Dubai Tourist Board. Visit www.definitelydubai.com or call 020 7321 6110 for more information.
While Dubai strives hungrily for its first Michelin star, Ryan Hooper got to sample some rather impressive meals in the city in restaurants such as The Palm’s Frevo, left; from the top, Fairmont; a steak served at Fairmont; and the Armani Hashi restaurant at Armani Hotel in Burj Khalifa. Alcohol with food really pushes the price up
■ Three nights at the Fairmont Dubai (www.fairmont.com/dubai), including flights with Qantas from London Heathrow, start from £789 per person, half-board, for travel until December 12, 2013, bookable up to that date. To book call 0871 703 4240 or visit www.travelbag.co.uk ■ The Travco Desert Safari costs £70 per person, including the meal. Visit www.travcotravel.ae for further details.
Travel take-off
Walking in Yorkshire Dales HF Holidays (0845 470 7558) offers four-night full-board guided walking holiday from Nov 11 for £229, saving £110, via Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, Malham Tarn & Cove and Gordale Scar, with social activities, transport to/from walks, and services of HF Holidays’ walks leaders.
Cornwall Coast & Country Hotels (0844 811 9404) offers four-night half-board midweek breaks at The Ship and Castle Hotel, St Mawes, from £149, for Monday arrivals on visits booked by today (Nov 2).
Europe xmas markets Great Escapes (0845 330 2089) offers three nights for price of two in Bruges at three-star Hotel Bryghia from £106, incl return ferry travel (four sharing).
Winter sun On The Beach (0871 474 3000) reg deps incl seven nights’ all-incl in five-star Domina Coral Bay Oasis Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, ex-East Mids Nov 14 from £385; seven nights’ B&B at four-star Solana Hotel, Mellieha, Malta, from £147, ex-Leeds Bradford Nov 14; seven nights’ B&B at four-star olden Beach Hotel, Agadir, Morocco from £296, exManchester Nov 14 and seven nights’ fullboard at five-star El Mouradi Hammamet Hotel, Tunisia, from £296, ex-Bristol Nov 10.
French Alps ski Ski Total (01483 791933) offers seven-night catered chalet stay in traffic-free resort Avoriaz from Dec 15 for £499, saving £139, (two adults sharing), with return flights HeathrowGeneva, transfers, and four-course evening meals with comp wine. Esprit Ski (01483 791900) offers seven-night catered chalet stay from Dec 15 in Paradiski area for £374, saving £98, with return flights Heathrow- Geneva, transfers, free babysitting. Esprit Classic Child Care from £209 for week of exclusive ski lessons.
Barbados Check into Sir Richard Branson’s famous Necker Island
lights of India trip. Taking in the highlights of Delhi, Agra and Jaipur and staying at Oberoi hotels, this tour now starts at £1,595, including return flights. Goa looks great value too: Holiday Hypermarket offers 14 nights’ B&B at three-star Silver Sands Holiday Village, Candolim for £655, with return flights ex-Manchester December 9, saving £313. Not everyone is a winner in this rupee crash though. Many travellers bound for India are asking for price reductions before departure, but one harassed operator points out: “Hotels and flights are usually contracted at rates which have been negotiated and can’t be changed. Savings apply only to day-to-day living costs when you get there.” ■ For more information go: Trident Hotels (www.tridenthotels.com); Holiday Hypermarket (0800 916 5100 and www.holidayhypermarket.co.uk)
Fancy staying on Necker Island?
Sir Richard Branson’s private British Virgin Island home, Necker Island, is now open to guests again, after it was wrecked by fire two years ago. The Great House, with panoramic views of the Caribbean and Atlantic has eight guest rooms with balconies, all with king-size beds and en-suite bathrooms. On the upper level, the 1,500-sq ft master suite has panoramic views from every angle. There’s also an outdoor terrace with hammocks, sofas and large dining table – plus a zip-line to transport guests from terrace to sandy white beach. For exclusive bookings, Necker Island can accommodate 30 adults plus six children at £37,400 per night, until December 31. Sir Richard says: “Necker Island is to me the most beautiful place in the world.” Call: 0800 716 919. WCL-E01-S2
Letsgo2 (0208 329 2855) offers seven nights’ B&B at three-star Butterfly Beach Resort from £86, incl Virgin Atlantic return flights exGatwick. Package includes 200 US dollars resort credit per person, for travel up until Dec 17.
Maldives Travelbag (0871 703 4240) offers seven nights’ half-board at five-star Sheraton Full Moon Resort & Spa from £1,149, with Turkish Airlines flights ex-Heathrow for travel until Nov 30. Book by Nov 7 for free return speedboat transfers.
Brazil Travelbag (0871 703 4240) offers three nights’ B&B at three-star Majestic Palace Rio De Janeiro, two nights’ B&B at three-star Nadai Confort Iguassu Falls and three nights’ roomonly at 3-star Rochester Hotel from £1,269, incl BA flights ex-Heathrow. Book by Nov 7 for travel in May.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 25
Travel Sarah Marshall
As the European ski season kicks off, it’s time to cherry pick the top winter resorts. For eco fans James Tapsfield samples an alternative ski break at the St Martin Eco Chalets in the Austrian Tyrol...
Careering headlong down a very steep, snowladen slope on a bike doesn’t sound like the brightest move. In fact, it’s total madness. I’m just about to express this view to my guide Herby, who has suggested the idea, when he tells me: “The old people enjoy the bikes. It’s much easier on the bones than skiing.” Well, if the old people can do it... You wouldn’t perhaps associate new-fangled fads like snow bikes with the uber-traditional image of Austria. But the region of Lungau, about an hour’s drive south of Salzburg and pulling in increasing numbers of Brits, is a prime example of how the country is embracing innovation. Symbolic of this trend are the St Martin Chalets, an idyllic cluster of ten homes nestling in a village at the base of the GrosseckSpeiereck mountain. Properties can sleep from four to 14, and would be ideal for a couple of families holidaying together. With classic wooden frontages and exposed larch beams, the chalets could have come straight out of Hansel and Gretel. The owners, the aforementioned Herby and his wife Jodi, were determined to build something eco-friendly. So most of the timbers and the rustic tiles have been reclaimed and lovingly restored, and the walls are stuffed with sheep’s wool for insulation. A large, but remarkably quiet, bio-diesel engine provides the heat for all the chalets, and solar panels help out with the electric. Austria is famous for the quality of its skiing, and Lungau does not disappoint. The area is well laid out to avoid bottlenecks, and the low ratio between the number of beds and the lift capacity should guarantee that queuing is kept to a minimum. We try out the Brenter snowbikes at nearby St Margarethen. These are serious vehicles – almost like a chopper motorcycle but with skis instead of tyres. Another stubby set of skis go on your feet to help with balance and turning. The first couple of descents are pretty terrifying. Despite Herby’s warnings, the temptation to stand up to regain control as you gather speed proved too powerful. I can confirm that this is only a good idea if you enjoy eating snow. However, once you learn to keep your rear end on the seat, and realise that steering merely requires gentle leaning, it feels surprisingly natural – no matter how old you are. ■ St Martin Eco Chalets in Lungau start from £225 per night, with no minimum stay. Book through www.holidaystoaustria.com ■ British Airways (www.ba.com) fly to Salzburg from London Gatwick from £98 retur n. ■ Rhino Car Hire (www.rhinocarhire.com) offers rental from £20.50 per day.
For adrenalin junkies The charming French resort of La Rosiere is a real surprise for Chris Parker... As we huddle together, bodies bowed against the screaming wind and snow rolling over us in waves, I can’t help but think I’d rather be back in the warm, cosy mountain shack, devouring more delicious homemade minestrone. Our small group is heading across the San
Bernardo Pass, at the heart of the Tarentaise Valley. The ski area is shared by the Italian resort of La Thuile and French resort of La Rosiere, one of only a handful of cross-border resorts in the Alps, where I’m staying for the next two days. Since 1984, when the first lifts were installed to link the two resorts, there has been access to 90 miles of terrain, suitable for all abilities. The two-mile-long Berthod run in La Thuile, regarded as one of the world’s most spectacular, has hosted European and World Cup races, and is a must for expert skiers. But unlike neighbouring Les Arcs and Val d’Isere, it’s generally quiet on the lifts and slopes, even in peak season. As we make our way back across the border, the clouds begins to part, the wind drops, and we ski back into brilliant sunshine with spectacular views of Mont Blanc. Our expert instructor Simon Atkinson explains the two resorts have their own microclimates. So if it’s snowing in La Thuile, there is a good chance it will be sunny in the southfacing La Rosiere. Our accommodation is the stylish Residence Les Cimes Blanches in Les Eucherts, which has a swimming pool, steam rooms and saunas. The tastefully styled chalets, the largest of which can accommodate up to 12 guests, are all at the foot of the slopes, allowing you to ski in and ski out. Nearby there are restaurants, bars, a supermarket, bowling alley, ice rink, and ski schools, and the picturesque, tree-lined village of La Rosiere is just a ten-minute walk away. If you want more than just skiing from your winter holiday, then you’ll find plenty of alternatives. Paragliding, dog sledding and snowkiting, are just a few of the activities on offer. La Rosiere also allows you to go in search of the freshest powder, as it remains the only French resort where heli-skiing is available. Not wanting to miss out, the next day we swap our skis for snow shoes, and set out with our guide Xavier, from the ski and adventure school Evolution 2. As we complete our descent through the forest and into the valley, the first stars appear against a backdrop of royal blue above the silhouette of the mountains. With so few people around, this surely must be one of the best-kept secrets in the Alps. But I have a sneaking suspicion it won’t stay that way for long. ■ Crystal Ski Holidays (www.crystalski.co.uk; 0871 231 2256) offers a week’s stay at the Les Climes Blanches from £475 per person (two sharing), including flights from Gatwick to Geneva and transfers. Direct flights from 12 regional airports for £12 supplement.
For luxury lovers Tom Collins discovers St Anton, in Austria, is not just for party animals... Historically a haven for hard-partying skiers, St Anton, in the Austrian Tyrol, has had something of a reinvention as a high-end winter destination, with the stunning Hotel Montjola leading the way. This hillside hotel dates back to the 1930s, and has been given a comprehensive upgrade, breathing new life into a once tired-looking building, to create a luxurious venue that’s a perfect base from which to explore St Anton’s challenging slopes. On arrival, I’m greeted by a warm, cosy
26 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
Looking to book a skiing holiday this winter? Some of the best European destinations include, from the top, the Austrian Tyrol with its St Martin Eco Chalets in Lungau; the snowy peaks in St Anton, Austria; La Rosiere, Montvalezan, in southeastern France, pictured here is the lounge area reception and bar area, which typifies the owners’ attempts to maintain a traditional feel. But I’m pleased to discover the hotel has chosen to blend old with new, and that rooms have been kitted out with all the latest modcons. A luxurious spa is the perfect place to relax after a hard day on the slopes, with a sauna, steam room and massages all on hand to ease those aching muscles – not to mention the allimportant outdoor hot tubs. There’s something extra special about sinking into a bubbling Jacuzzi in minus 10C air temperatures with snow falling all around you. Five minutes away from the resort centre,
some guests will prefer a short walk from the hotel down into St Anton to begin their day’s skiing. But those who want to conserve energy can use the hotel’s complimentary shuttle bus. Thanks to hotels like Montjola, St Anton really does seem to be going up in the world. Anyone who loves skiing in the lap of luxury will find all they need right here. ■ VIP SKI (www.vip-chalets.com; 0844 557 3119) offers seven nights at Hotel Montjola from £899 per person (two sharing), including flights from London Gatwick or Manchester to Innsbruck, transfers and half-board accommodation.
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LY I M ED A F N N OW RU &
Babbacombe, Devon
Mon 25th - 4 Nights DBB - £120
(
Mon 30th - Thurs 2nd - 3 Nights Full Board - £234 (
All prices are per person per break and include VAT @ 20%
per person per break
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Set in the peaceful Cary Park, a short stroll to the beautiful Babbacombe Downs with views across the bay. Perfect for a relaxing break away from home. 56 En-suite Bedrooms - Ample Parking - Live Entertainment - FREE WIFI - Fully Licensed - Non-smoking Large Gardens - Wide Choice on Menus, Different Everyday - Tea Dance every Tuesday - Lite Lunch Menu
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per .50p son
Christmas Party Lunches are available throughout November and December, except for Sundays. Groups, societies and businesses welcome we can cater from 4 to 100 people
Aveland Road, Cary Park, Babbacombe, Torquay, Devon, TQ1 3PT
Telephone: 01803 326175 - Email: [email protected] www.anchoragehotel.co.uk WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 27
Walks Sue Gearing
Charterhouse. The Mendip Hills were once a mecca for the Romans, drawn there for lead and silver mining, and mining continued long after they left. Now that has all gone, it has been farmed and is a beautiful recreational area with several Nature Reserves cared for by the Somerset Wildlife Trust and the National Trust. This circle from Charterhouse in the heart of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty goes down past remains of mining activity and past several ruined miners cottages, giving an idea of what life must have been like on Mendip 150 and more years ago. It follows Velvet Bottom, now a rabbit heaven, and then the West Mendip Way up across open grazed farmland before a steady but gentle climb up to an old route, Rains Batch. This leads down past a Roman amphitheatre, Roman settlement and a Roman fort – all of which are very difficult, but not impossible to make out. There are a couple of stiles that may be difficult for some dogs. Mainly the going should be reasonably good underfoot, but there may be some slippery areas, so good boots and perhaps a walking pole would be good. There is no refreshment en route, but a few minutes away at the bottom of Burrington Combe is a very good value café and, of course, a variety of Mendip pubs.
Start In the car park is an interpretation plaque explaining the Roman presence in the area. Walk back up the entrance lane and shortly turn left through a wooden gate and follow a path along with the humpy bumpy grassy land on the left – the remains of mining activity. After a few yards on the left is a cave used by potholers but it was once a mine, known as Water Wheel, where there was a wheel powering hammers which broke up the rocks. Notice you are walking on black shiny mining debris, known as smitham. This was the route of a light tramway which moved the lead along between smelters and the buddle pits where it was washed. Up on the right is an old quarry. As you reach a road ahead, note the large pipe under the road, this was installed to drain the valley after the terrible floods of 1968 when the road was washed away and the valley almost drowned. Turn right on the road for just a few yards.
1 Velvet Bottom Then go left on a track into Velvet Bottom Nature Reserve, passing an information board. Continue down the valley past many large grassy mounds – known as “gruffy” or “groovy ground” – where the land has been disturbed by mining. Also look out for remains of the large circular buddle pits where the lead ore was washed. Along here was the site of a riot in 1848 by Cheddar men who came up one night and smashed up the mining works in order to stop the dumping of lead-contaminated mining waste that was poisoning the water supply down in Cheddar. Their many complaints had gone unheaded so they decided to take action. In the last war, Velvet Bottom was used as a firing range for the Home Guard and the Gloucester Regiment stationed nearby at Yoxter Camp. As you continue, you go down several levels with dams and settlement tanks where the water and mined waste was dumped and left to settle. Near the end of the valley on the left by a wall is another pot hole, safely capped to prevent accidents. Go through a gate at the end on to the West Mendip Way.
2 West Mendip Way Turn right. After a few minutes, go through a gate and ignore the gate on the right into Long Wood Nature Reserve, an ancient woodland cared for by Somerset Wildflife Trust, a habitat for dormice and a glorious bluebell wood if you can come again in the spring. Bear up left still on the WMW climbing steadily with Long Wood down on your right,
until you come up over a stile and on to open land. Maintain direction, experiencing the open, quite exposed, land of Mendip. Follow the fence on your left all the way to a gate and crossing track. Turn right along this.
3 Farm Pass Charterhouse Farm. Join the farm drive and continue on. On the left see the ruined remains of Long House Barn, which was once thought to be a traditional Mendip longhouse.
4 Lane Reach a lane, on the corner of which is a ruined cottage. Turn right. After a couple of minutes, take the first marked bridleway track on the left through a gate. Continue on and come into Lots Nature. On the right as you go along is a fenced wildlife corridor. Reach the ruins of a couple of miners’ cottages, now housing vegetation and trees, but where mining families braved the elements and eked out a living. Maintain direction and at the end cross a stile in the corner.
5 Valley Go carefully down into a small valley – known as Bluebell Valley – over a stream and up the other side. Further down the valley was the
28 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
scene of a the 19th-century-murder of Charterhouse where a woman hanging out her washing was beaten to death by her husband, who was subsequently found guilty and hanged. Come up into a field and turn left over another stile. Go ahead and drop down to a barrier in the corner. Now keep straight on, paralleling the small stream in the valley, but staying up higher – not right by the stream. After some minutes, come alongside a fence on the right. Maintain direction all the way to the end.
6 Track Cross a stile and turn right on a track It leads on the left up to Black Down and Beacon Batch the highest point. We, however, are turning right up the track which rises gently all the way to radio masts .
7 Masts These were installed after the last war as part of the country’s Cold War defences, on the site of a Roman signal beacon. Start to get some good views left over Wrington Vale and down to the Severn Estuary. When you reach the masts, you get the best view if you go a few yards to the left to a gate, accessing another footpath. However, we go straight on down Rains Batch, coming into Roman territory. After about a minute look right across into the field and on a high point,
see if you can make out the remains of a circular grassy bank of the old Roman amphitheatre. As you carry on down, on the right pass Town Field which in the First Century AD was a spread-out Roman settlement bigger than Bath was at the time. Ahead, across the other side of the road, near Charterhouse Centre, you may be able to make out the grassy remains of what was a Roman Fortlet. Near the bottom of the Batch, pass the headquarters of the Hawk and Owl Trust on the right.
8 Road Reach a T-junction with the road and turn right towards Charterhouse. Go left over the first stile on the left following the Butcombe Trail, which links the pubs on Mendip owned by Butcombe Brewery, and which I devised in 2007. Go over a stile and over into Blackmoor Reserve.
9 Reserve Cross a footbridge and go up over the black slag passing reed beds. Your direction now is straight on to reach a crossing track up above – there are one or two different paths which lead to this. Then turn right and it takes you back to where you began.
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Walks Martin Hesp
These walks have always been popular, but not because of me. It’s simply because they tend to explore places rarely touched by any other form of media. That wasn’t always the case. Once upon a time, my walks were married up with a weekly offering on regional ITV for a number of years. Even now, some half a dozen years since we stopped filming a weekly walk, people come up to me on a regular basis asking if we have any plans to bring West Country walks back to the small screen. Anyway, I look back on the old filming days with great nostalgia because we had huge fun hauling masses of TV equipment over hill and dale. For me the chance to adventure in the company of a good bunch of mates was as pleasurable as it was unusual. One of the most remarkable walks we ever recorded was in the Scillies – a place I’ve sadly neglected in recent months thanks to other work pressures. Allow me to put that right by returning – in words and photos, at least – to the main Scillonian island where keen hikers can enjoy a complete circumnavigation around what passes as St Mary’s own coastal path. It is a fantastic walk for visitors flying out on an inexpensive day-return – get a move on and you should be able to do this amazing walk in the time allotted. The hike offers something of everything Scillonian. There’s classic coastal walking, fabulous lonely beaches, windswept oceanic woodlands, ancient monuments and stunning views. We begin in the island capital, Hugh Town – simply take the road that runs alongside Town Beach and follow it over the small hill that plays host to the archipelago’s main school. Now descend into the bay called Porthmellon – just behind the gig sheds there’s a track, which is actually the beginning of the island’s extensive coastal path. We follow this around the beach and over the next small headland into St Thomas Porth. On past the parked boats we walk, to eventually join the small lane that passes Juliet’s Garden bar and restaurant – and this takes us into to the wilder northern territories of the island. The path weaves below the golf course and eventually reaches Toll’s Porth and the remains of the ancient village at Halangy. This Iron Age settlement dates from about 200BC and consists of one large courtyard house and several round houses – all in a reasonable state of preservation given the immense age of these humble abodes. They are only half the age of the tomb that lurks above them. The excellently preserved late Stone Age or early Bronze Age chamber tomb called Bant’s Carn dates from anywhere between 2500 to 4500 BC. From here the path rounds the north-western corner of the isle, veering inland to avoid the remains of a quarry, and then crosses McFarland’s Down to reach a particularly beautiful demesne where it descends past tiny flower fields before entering a woodland of wonderful, dark, Scotch pines. Now we are above Bar Point, St Mary’s most northerly cape – there’s a fine white sand beach here if you have time to loll for a while. This northern shore affords fabulous views of Tresco and its famous abbey – and the neighbouring offisland of St Martin’s. It is my favourite bit of St Mary’s, being both wild and unpopulated. The path runs through the bracken between the low cliffs and the trees, and after half a mile or so comes to Helvear Down and its two chambered tombs, collectively known as Innisidgen.
The coast path now begins to head south east, rounding Block House Point into lovely Watermill Cove. The pines have gone now and the island’s coast takes on a slightly balder, wilder, aspect as we head towards Pelistry Bay. This is regarded as one of the island’s best bathing beaches – indeed I once sat and picnicked here in the Scillonian warmth while leading a hike for the excellent Walk Scilly festival which is organised each spring. Indeed I mention this because the archipelago can be a fantastic place to visit when the weather is inclement on the mainland. I’ve walked in balmy conditions 28 miles west of Land’s End when it’s been snowing across much of Britain. Once we’re past Pelistry our path continues south around the headland capped by the Mount Todden Battery and around the bay called Darrity’s Hole. After yet more coastal walking we are eventually introduced to wide and wonderful Porth Hellick where there’s a rock shaped like a camel and a memorial stone lamenting the loss of Sir Cloudesley Shovell in 1707 in what has become known as the Scilly naval disaster. I could tell you all about the loss of the HMS Association just over 200 years ago and about the other 2000 sailors who lost their lives amid the island’s hull-ripping rocks, but we’d never get back to town for the flight back. Actually, though, the island airport is this walk’s next port of call – or at least we pass the end of one of its small runways. And here we come to what must be one of the only footpath traffic lights anywhere – the light prevents you continuing if a plane is coming in to land, which is fun to watch as it will zoom just feet above your head. So you could, if you wished, head for the terminal building, making sure not to go anywhere near any of the prohibited areas. Or you could follow the coast path around the eastern shores of St Mary’s to reach first Porth Minnick, then Old Town Bay. Throughout this walk there will have been possibilities to shorten proceedings by taking inland routes back to town – and here is the most obvious of all. Just past the old church and its graveyard where former Prime Minister Harold Wilson is buried, you can cross the road to the footpath past the primary school. It takes you through the least scenic bit of Scilly (views of the municipal incinerator) but you do get back to Hugh Town in short order. By the way, one of most abiding memories about filming the walk on St Mary’s was an accidental meeting with Lady Mary Wilson who was tending her late husband’s grave. After a quick chat in which we told her why we were filming she kindly agreed to give me what for her was an extremely rare interview, saying that both she and Harold always thought they owed so much to the people of Scilly for their constant kindness, and if she could do anything to help promote the island and it’s ecofriendly tourism she would. You don’t have to take the shortcut, though – you could instead stride around the large peninsula that features impressive Pulpit Rocks to eventually gain Porthcressa Beach, which passes for Hugh Town’s very own downtown promenade. The fit and undaunted could go on to circumnavigate the Garrison peninsula if they really wanted to get their “I’ve walked around the entire island” badge – but this particular TV presenter and crew had reached the point where we were welcoming thoughts of a refreshing pint of beer.
A circumnavigation of the island on foot offers spectacular coastal views and wonderful walkways
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 29
Gardening Alan Down
In the south-west of England, the end of October is generally when autumn colour is at its very best. This year it may be a little later since we seem to have been running a few weeks behind all year. Reports are coming in of leaf changes afoot. Those sugars are being trapped in leaves as the abscission layer forms, cutting off supply to the petiole, and this is what results in those fabulous colours. The weather conditions in autumn have to be right, and bright days and cold nights especially favour good autumn leaf colour. This is why a continental, rather than a temperate island climate such as ours, is more likely to give the results. Of course not every plant does it and some are much better than others. Don’t expect evergreens to do it, although there are some notable exceptions as we shall see. Sticking my neck out a bit, I venture to offer you my top ten best garden plants for autumn colour. In no particular order, but with an eye to including trees and climbers as well as shrubs, I give you my choice...
Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum) This deciduous tree looks a bit like an upright maple in summer. Indeed, the leaves are very maple-like in shape. It is a native of North America and very hardy. At the end of October well established trees start to change colour with every shade imaginable from yellow, through orange to vermillion and purple. Often all these colours are there together but some selected varieties can be relied upon to perform much more than seed raised and variable un-named forms. Worplesdon and Lane Roberts are good ones to watch out for but also choosing one now while it is showing what it can do is a good approach too. The tree shape is columnar but broadening with age.
Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair tree) Although ultimately a large tree, it turns the colour of golden butter and against a blue sky it is breathtaking. We have a specimen planted at Cleeve Nursery by that great plantsman Roy Lancaster and raised by me from seed 32 years ago. It is now getting to be quite a size. Every November this deciduous conifer is spectacular. Remember, this is an ancient tree with links to the time that dinosaurs roamed the planet. Because of the putrid smelling fruit, it is wise to plant a male form if you can. But I love the way that Brooklyn Botanic Garden gets around the problem that a whole avenue dropping stinking fruit in a public place causes. They open their gates to the Chinese community who value the health benefits of this tree and just let them help themselves.
Cotinus coggygria (Smoke Tree) Although it has “tree” in its name, the smoke tree is really a large shrub and not a tree. Indeed, by hard pruning Cotinus during winter it can be kept as a small to medium sized bush but its “smoke” – the flowers – will be lacking. Before leaf fall the Cotinus leaves
turn to a fantastic colour which varies somewhat depending on the variety that you plant. The selection Flame is aptly named and takes a lot of beating. Golden Spirit has pale yellow leaves all summer but in autumn they change to burning reds and oranges before falling. This one is also a more compact form, lending itself well to small gardens.
Hamamelis (Witch Hazel) Perhaps a surprising choice to some, some witch hazels turn up the heat in autumn and fully justify their place on my list. Add to this their incredibly hardy mid-winter scented flowers and it just has to be included. Some selections produce better autumn colour than others but one is simply outstanding. That is a variety named by the late Peter Dummer after his daughter Sandra. It is, in fact, an autumn-flowering variety and the blooms are very much secondary to the tremendous display of orange leaves that Hamamelis vernalis Sandra displays. Hamamelis mollis often changes to butter yellow in autumn. Hamamelis x intermedia Jelena has rich orange leaf colour followed by pretty much the same colour of sweetly scented winter blooms. All Hamamelis can be kept small by relatively hard pruning immediately after flowering without next year’s blooms being sacrificed.
Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ (Red Barked Dogwood) Sometimes seen labelled as Westonbirt, this is an easy-to-grow shrub usually grown for the bright red stems that it shows off in winter. But before the leaves fall, they turn a glorious wine red colour. Tolerant of heavy soil and dampness, it is very hardy too. Under-planted with Euonymus fortunei Emerald Gaiety for contrast, this is a shrub that glistens in winter sunlight.
Nandina domestica Firepower (Dwarf Sacred Bamboo) Not a bamboo and not a deciduous shrub either, this evergreen is an anomaly. As the colder longer nights approach the evergreen leaves change from mid green to rich reds and oranges and, unlike others on my list, the leaves remain this colour without shedding right through winter. Plant in containers or sheltered sunny borders where it will rarely reach more than knee high.
Vaccinium corymbosum (High Bush Blueberries) Many fruit plants give good autumn colour. Medlar, grapevines and even pears spring to mind but blueberries can compete with the very best ornamental plant in this category. After your acid-loving (best grow in a pot filled with lime free compost) blueberry has finished fruiting, it will change colour to a glorious fiery display of red.
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Gardens Parthenocissus (Virginia Creeper) Virtually all Parthenocissus produce great autumn colour and whether they are covering a north facing wall or scrambling high into a tall tree, in October they are sensational. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is the true Virginia Creeper but it is often confused with the larger, but tidier P. tricuspidata Veitchii which is actually the Boston Ivy. Both require a big area to grow but the less widely planted P. henryana colours up just as well in autumn and is considerably smaller growing too.
Pyracantha Saphyr hybrids (Firethorns) Of course, Pyracantha can also be trained on walls like the Virginia Creeper but it also makes an excellent and colourful large screening shrub or dense hedge. Here the autumn colour comes not from leaves but from bright berries so loved by birds in winter. Indeed this is a good choice for wildlife in general since the flowers will attract many insects, including bees. The Saphyr hybrids are quite exceptionally good when compared to all other hybrids that I have grown. These French selections have first rate disease resistance (which many others do not) and produce a great crop of berries every autumn almost without fail. Red, orange and yellow-berried forms are grown by us in our nursery at Cleeve.
Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple). No top ten would be complete without a Japanese Maple and of all the fabulous named varieties there are I would recommend Osakazuki before all others. It is not a new variety but has been around long enough to know that, if any maple will give good autumn colour, Osakazuki will. It can be grown in a very large pot but is best planted in dappled shade where the soil is deep and not limey. Those at Westonbirt Arboretum are growing on heavy clay soil and they seem to do rather well on it. So that’s it, my top ten. You will find that there are many other great performers in autumn, especially if you visit one of the following gardens. If you live in the Bristol area there are several notable gardens to visit to see good autumn colour. Westonbirt National Arboretum near Tetbury is world renowned for its fabulous tree collection and fine collection of trees that show good autumn colour. Less well known is Batsford Arboretum near Moreton in the Marsh on the beautiful Cotswolds and they have a very fine collection and may be less crowded. The National Trust Stourhead Garden has very fine trees that colour well and some of the best are reflected in the lake there.
Alan’s gardening tips for the weekend ■ There’s still time to re-plant your tubs and hanging baskets for winter and spring colour. If you are not, take them down, empty them out and put them away for winter. ■ Move plants in pots together so that they protect one another in cold weather. Remove saucers from underneath them and ensure excess water can get away through the drainage holes in the base by standing them on pot feet. ■ Protect tender alpine plants from the cold and wet. Many are protected by several feet of snow where they grow in the wild. This not only protects them from severe cold but also keeps them drier. Use a sheet of glass or a garden cloche. ■ If you haven’t done it already, trim the dead flower heads off summer and autumn flowering heathers. A good pair of secateurs such as Felco (an excellent gift) is suitable for this. Trim a little of the shoot tips off too as this will keep them nice and compact. ■ Plant tulip bulbs (if not done so already). Urgently plant any other bulbs. ■ Check potted bulbs that you are going to force into flower early. Make sure that they are well watered. If they have made sufficient roots and, in the case of hyacinths, the flower bud has emerged from the bulb, they can be put into a well-lit warm place to start the forcing. ■ Try propagating plants by taking root
cuttings now. It is surprisingly easy to do but not all plants can be multiplied this way. Oriental poppies, border phlox, some primula, mullein, sea holly, bear’s breeches and dicentra are well worth trying. Dig up a healthy plant, cut thicker roots into 5-7cm lengths and “sow” them in pots filled with cutting compost. They should be rooted by late spring. ■ Reduce water given to cacti and succulents in winter, they still need some and will also benefit from a weak feed every month or so. Christmas cacti (zygocactus or schlumbergia) need more regular watering otherwise they will drop their flower buds. ■ Attach sticky glue band traps to the trunks of fruit trees. These will trap the winter moth on its way up the trunk to lay its eggs. Do the stake too.
Ask Alan Question Is the risks of carrot fly attack over now? Can I remove the nets now?
Answer
Yes, it is mild but your carrots should be safe now.
Question I want to plant a Victoria plum tree on my allotment but I have found that around 1-2½ft down there is a layer of clay. Do you think that is okay to still plant the plum tree? Should I dig some of the clay out?
Growing squashes has been slow to catch on for many. But the idea of pumpkins at Hallowe’en is now familiar and there were certainly plenty sat on window sills on Thursday night, carved out, with a tealight placed inside, warding off evil spirits. And as Hallowe’en celebrations merge with Bonfire Night parties, demand for squashes and pumpkins is still high this weekend. These bright orange fruits are just one member of a vast family that is well worth exploring. At Over Farm, near Gloucester, they’ve been growing these winter squash – so called because they will store – for around 20 years. “We were almost trendsetters,” explains Rees Keene, who runs the farm with his brother, Matt. “Our dad liked them and kept trying to grow more to sell to the public.” What started out as a niche product is now a massive enterprise with up to 20 different varieties in staggering proportions: 10,000 pumpkin plants and 1,250 ‘Crown Prince’ this year alone. “We’ve already harvested around 3,000 pumpkins and that’s not really made a dent in the field,” laughs Rees. Piled on to a trailer in front of the farm shop they are quite simply beautiful. Alongside the
Answer
Plums, of all tree fruits, will probably tolerate this clay layer better than most. You could break it up by forking it over but do not mix this sub soil with the top soil. Both questions from C Brain
Alan’s Plant of the Week Mahonia hybrids At their best between now and Christmas, hybrid Mahonia are dramatic evergreens. They justify their place in the garden because of their glossy sub-divided leaves, but add to that the showy sprays of dainty pale yellow blooms at the top of each shoot and they are a class act. Probably the best known and widely available is Charity, but I personally also rate Lionel Fortescue highly. Both grow to around 2.5m high and perhaps 3m wide too. If you want to see some very fine specimens before buying these hybrids, I can recommend a trip to Taunton where there are some exceptionally fine plants near the junction of East Street and Silver Street opposite the large supermarket there.
What’s on at Cleeve? Christmas glitter demonstration Felicity Down will give an inspirational demonstration of how to decorate your home this Christmas in an imaginative way. This ticket-only event is on Thursday November 28, at 7.30pm, at Cleeve Nursery, near Bristo, BS49 4PW. Tickets cost £5 with proceeds going to Greenfingers Charity to provide gardens for children’s hospices. Call 01934 832134 or [email protected]
Contact Alan Cleeve Nursery’s Alan Down can be contacted at the nursery on 01934 832134. If you would like to ask Alan Down a gardening question, visit www.cleevenursery.co.uk and click on the Ask Us A Question tab. Alan can answer only emailed questions. Visit Alan’s blog at cleevenursery.co.uk/blog. You can also follow Alan on Twitter: @ AlanEDown
Pictures A range of gorgeous autumn colour, clockwise from left, Pyracantha Saphyr Cadrou; Cornus alba Sibirica; Ginkgo biloba; Nandina Firepower; Acer palmatum
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Rees Keene with pumpkins at Over Farm, Gloucester three varieties of pumpkins there is onion squash, a small, round orange fruit with a pale stripe that gives it an onion appearance. Then there’s acorn squash, another small variety, with dark green skin. Little Gem is popular because the tiny green fruits are ideal for a single portion, while Crown Prince, which has stunning slate blue skin and orange flesh, is a best seller thanks to its good flavour and large amount of usable flesh on each fruit; for the amateur grower it also stores well. Sweet Dumpling is a real beauty: pale cream flesh with green stripes and green Kabotcha, also known as Buttercup, is gaining in popularity having been introduced at Over a few years ago. However, the most eye-catching is still Turk’s Turban, a swirling mass of dimpled cream, green and orange. The one drawback to growing squash is the space they take up – trailing varieties can send out shoots several metres long. One answer is to combine them with another crop: this year my squash rambled quite happily through the sweetcorn, providing two crops for one piece of ground. Alternatively, they can be grown up stout frames with the fruit supported in nets, or are quite at home on a compost heap. Mandy Bradshaw
For Good Advice & Excellent Home Grown Plants visit your local nursery!
Cleeve Nursery
138 Main Road, Cleeve, BS49 4PW 01934 832134 www.cleevenursery.co.uk
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Antiques Gems will go with a bang Clevedon Salerooms
This scratch-built railway wagon and horse drawn removals container for Hudson’s of Brighton features with Tamlyns of Bridgwater
Clevedon Salerooms specialist jewellery consultant John Kelly will be valuing gems at a watch and jewellery valuation day to be held on Tuesday at the salerooms between 9.30am and 5pm. This day marks the final date for jewellery, watches and silver to be consigned to the preChristmas specialist sale on November 28. This sale is traditionally the best of the year for fine jewellery and therefore unless you are plotting to visit the Houses of Parliament on November 5, why not take advantage of the free verbal valuation service and see if you have something in your jewellery box that may go off with a bang. For further details contact the salerooms on 01934 830111.
Pedal car a racing certainty Tamlyns An Austin J40 pedal car is included in Tamlyns’ collectors sale on November 19. It has been professionally restored but still retains many original features such as the original flying “A” mascot and headlamps. These pedal cars were made in a factory in Bargoed in South Wales, a not-for-profit government-backed scheme that employed disabled coal miners. Production of the J40 started in 1950 and continued until 1971. They were originally destined for the American market, but found worldwide interest and are widely collected – and even raced – today. They are beautifully made, really solid with real boots, and if you lift the bonnet you will find a replica engine and battery in there. The tyres are pneumatic and the facia on the dashboard is a copy of the real thing, so it really is a true miniature car even though you have to use pedal power rather than a petrol engine. Another lovely model to be included in this sale is a scratch-built railway wagon and horse drawn removals container for Hudson’s of Brighton. This was made in the late 19th century as a display model to stand in their depository in Brighton. The detail is amazing; if you open the back doors of the container it is even shaped inside as the original would have been. Catalogues will be available for this sale and lots with images will be online at www.tamlyns.co.uk For further information contact the auctioneers on 01278 445251.
Merry monarch makes top price Moore Allen & Innocent Charles II was crowned king of the sale at an auction of antique paintings and books in Cirencester last week. A portrait of the Merry Monarch achieved £4,000 – the top price of the day – at Moore Allen & Innocent’s selected picture sale on Friday, October 25. The 1.2-metre tall full length portrait was attributed to the School of Sir Peter Lely, and bore a striking resemblance to the famous 1675 portrait that hangs at Euston Hall in Suffolk. From the king of the castle to the king of the cattle, the number two slot was filled by a pair of studies of prize-winning cows in the 19thcentury naïve style. Horned Cow in Stable Interior and Horned Cow Beside Thatched Barn by W Luker comfortably exceeded their guide price of £1,000 to £1,500, selling for £2,500. From the 17th-century Italian School, Family of the Satyr at Play, painted in oils on canvas in the manner of Filippo Lauri, came in third at the top end of its £1,500 to £2,000 estimate, with a hammer price of £1,900. And an 18th-century German portrait of Hanns Christoph von Oppell aus dem Hause Leuthen far exceeded its £400 to £600 estimate, settling at £1,650, while a study of a young girl with rabbits, painted by Eduard Kurzbauer in the mid-1800s, also exceeded its £500 to £800 estimate, achieving a hammer price of £1,550. A large collection of antique books, sold on behalf of Gloucestershire library service, also performed well. A large and full 19th century scrapbook containing engravings, newspaper
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A portrait of the Merry Monarch, left, achieved £4,000 – the top price of the day – at Moore Allen & Innocent’s selected picture sale on Friday, October 25. The 1.2-metre tall full length portrait was attributed to the School of Sir Peter Lely, and bore a striking resemblance to the famous 1675 portrait that hangs at Euston Hall in Suffolk. Meanwhile, Horned Cow in Stable Interior and Horned Cow Beside Thatched Barn, above main image, by W Luker, comfortably exceeded their guide price of £1,000 to £1,500, selling for £2,500. From the 17th-century Italian School, Family of the Satyr at Play, shown right, painted in oils on canvas in the manner of Filippo Lauri, came in third at the top end of its £1,500 to £2,000 estimate, with a hammer £1,900. Clevedon Salerooms specialist jewellery consultant John Kelly, pictured right, will be valuing gems at a watch and jewellery valuation day to be held on Tuesday at the salerooms between 9.30am and 5pm WCL-E01-S2
clippings and drawings burst through its £300 to £500 estimate, making £1,400, while Italian Scenery Representing the Manners Customs and Amusements of the Different States of Italy, by M Buonaiuti, and published by Edward Orme of London in 1806, made around ten times its £50 to £80 estimate, selling for £650. A large collection of various volumes on the subjects of the arts, galleries and antiques realised £620, against a £500 to £800 estimate, while another large collection of books on the subject of architecture and buildings made £500 – the top end of the auctioneer’s estimate. Gloucestershire library service was at pains to point out that none of the books related directly to the county’s history or heritage, and that they had been languishing in various library basements – without being requested by library users – for many years. All of the money made at auction will be ploughed back into the service. For more information about buying and selling at auction, go to www.mooreallen.co.uk
Diamond rings’ seasonal appeal Smiths of Newent Entries for Smiths’ antiques and collectables auction on Friday, November 8, have been pouring through the door and the walls of the antique Methodist chapel are beginning to creak. With just under 1,000 lots, the auctioneers say it looks to be one of the biggest sales of the year. With Christmas coming it is no bad thing that there is a fantastic selection of jewellery items on offer as auctions make the perfect place to pick up a little special something for under the Christmas tree. Jewellery items at auction often cost around a quarter of that in the high street shops and so you can really buy something of quality at a very reasonable price. Smiths sell both antique and modern styles of jewellery with a huge variety of choice and prices – in this sale estimates range from £10 to £6000. For those not sure of their partner’s taste, there is always plenty of advice to be offered by Smiths’ staff or you can come to the viewing as a couple, have a browse around the saleroom and make a trip of it. Highlights include three large diamond solitaire rings estimated from £3,000 to £6,000 each, two Art Deco diamond brooches at £1,000 to £1,500 each, two good emerald cluster rings and a huge variety of pretty Victorian and Edwardian rings, pendants, bracelets and brooches to suit all tastes. For the connoisseur the silver section offers a very nice selection of Georgian silver including sauce boats, teapots, various cruets and a solid silver cutlery set estimated at £1,500 to £2,000. A large selection of good quality silver plated items offers the chance to buy a lovely antique gift at a very reasonable price – perfect items for Christmas include pairs of candlesticks, spirit flasks and small decorative items. Elsewhere in the sale is a good selection of furniture, including a range of Georgian early oak and elm from local farmhouses such as country chairs, a fine court cupboard, chests of drawers and coffers. An impressive selection of attractive paintings includes a number of very large canvases such as a pair of large rural oils by H Baldwin depicting sheep and cattle in landscape settings. By total contrast, a modernist poster, New Yorker, by Saul Steinberg 1976 is estimated to make £200 to £400. In the ceramics section the second consignment of a large collection of Beswick includes three Thelwell pony groups and a huge collection of ducks modelled for Beswick by Peter Scott. Other ceramics include a collection of early Staffordshire figures and a huge number of pretty tea sets, vases and ornaments as well as a large Minton’s dinner service (albeit strangely named Poonah) estimated at £300 to £500. Of course there is the usual huge variety of collectables and a range of beautiful books such as Arthur Rackham’s Story Book, a stunning Dictionary of Ornament and a set of early Theatrical Illustrations estimated at £300 to £500. Smiths’ auction is at 10am next Friday, with
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Smiths of Newent sell both antique and modern styles of jewellery with a huge variety of choice and prices – in this sale estimates range from £10 to £6000. Some of the items are featured above, including two diamond-set brooches, top, a Victorian cameo brooch, second from the top, and three diamond rings, second from bottom
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Antiques FROM PAGE 33 viewing on the Thursday before from 10am to 7pm and the morning of the sale from 9am to 10am. The catalogue can be viewed on www.smithsnewentauctions.co.uk For all enquiries telephone 01531 821776.
Intoxicating taste of the orient Chippenham Auction Rooms
An impressive selection of attractive paintings feature with Smiths of Newent on November 8, including a number of very large canvases such as a pair of large rural oils by H Baldwin depicting sheep and cattle in landscape settings. One of these is pictured here. There is the usual huge variety of collectables and a range of beautiful books such as Arthur Rackham’s Story Book, an illustration from which is pictured right
The orient is coming to Wiltshire next Saturday, November 9, when £20,000 worth of Chinese artefacts go under the hammer at The Chippenham Auction Rooms. There are approximately 40 lots of Chinese ceramics, including a Chinese Song Long Quan lotus petal bowl dated 960-1279 AD, ivory carvings and some Jade, all from a single private collection. It has been amassed over decades, with some of the pieces being more than 100 years old, making it a very special collection, according to auctioneer Richard Edmonds. “The vendor has picked up these items from all over the world and we feel very privileged indeed to be given the opportunity to sell them,” he said. “The auction is on the last day of London’s Asia Week, a celebration of the orient and its art, so we are expecting a lot of interest.” The sale will take place at the Chippenham Auction Rooms’ salerooms at The Old Laundry, Ivy Road, in the centre of Chippenham. For information on the sale please visit www.chippenhamauctionrooms.co.uk or call 01249 444544.
Momentous events revisited Greenslade Taylor Hunt A large scale painting said to be of the Battle of Sedgemoor – the last battle fought on English soil – will feature at Greenslade Taylor Hunt’s monthly antiques sale on Thursday, November 7. The enormous picture in a fine, ornate frame, has hung in the head office of a long established firm for the past 50 years. It depicts the doomed final efforts of the Duke of Monmouth and his pitchfork army to overthrow James II and his highly trained forces at Westonzoyland, near Bridgwater. Three days after his defeat in July 1685 Monmouth was captured. He was later executed. Hundreds of his supporters were put to death on the orders of “Bloody” Judge Jeffreys. The terrible battle resonates today and a large section of the County Museum in Taunton is devoted to a display about the Monmouth rebellion. The picture has a guide price of £2,000 to £3,000. It is among a number of paintings at next week’s auction at the Octagon Salerooms in East Reach, Taunton. A portrait of Captain Robert Poole, (17611833) holding a telescope under his right arm, a seascape with shipping beyond, will also be offered. Little is known about Captain Poole or his lengthy and successful maritime career. He is buried at St John’s Church, at Staplegrove, Taunton, where a long epitaph bears witness to his character. He is described as “a man distinguished alike by an enterprising spirit and inflexible integrity”. It catalogues his career and records that he crossed the Equator to and from the Pacific Ocean 22 times; passed Cape Horn 17 times and sailed once around the globe – no mean feat in a time when even one voyage could prove fatal. He died at Staplegrove, aged 72. Viewing for the sale takes place today from 9am to 12.30pm and on Tuesday, November 5, and Wednesday, November 6, from 9am to 5pm. It will also be on view prior to the start of the sale at 10.30am on Thursday.
Powerful reminders of war Dominic Winter Included in the Dominic Winter arms, medals and militaria sale on Friday in South Cerney, Gloucestershire, will be a collection of swords and medals consigned to the auctioneers by a Scottish Cat Sanctuary. Discovered in a derelict house in the Scottish Highlands, all proceeds from this estate will be donated to the sanctuary to help with
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A large scale painting said to be of the Battle of Sedgemoor, main image, will feature at Greenslade Taylor Hunt’s monthly antiques sale, along with this portrait of Captain Robert Poole WCL-E01-S2
Veteran’s blaze of glory Charterhouse A 1955 Bedford Self Propelled Pump, which is more affectionately known as a Green Goddess, is one of the more unusual lots in the Charterhouse classic vehicle auction tomorrow, on Sunday November 3. “The Auxiliary Fire Service was formed after the Second World War as part of civil defence preparations against major incidents. It was originally thought they would be a reserve stock in the case of a nuclear attack resulting in widespread fires which the fire service might not be able to control,” said auctioneer Matthew Whitney. “However, with a cruising speed of about 40 to 45mph, no power steering, not the greatest of cornering capabilities and a low fuel consumption of eight to ten miles per gallon, it is a relief we never had to use them!” This particular Green Goddess remained in store with the Scottish Home and Health Department, seeing light service, including pumping water from a reservoir in the hot summer of 1969. It is also believed to have seen service during the firemen’s strike of 1978, along with a few non-starring roles in films at Pinewood Studios. The current owner acquired the vehicle in 2008, whereupon he embarked on a full restoration programme. Painted in military green, this classic commercial vehicle is now looking for its next custodian. With the benefit of being not only tax exempt but also MOT exempt, there should be plenty of bidding on the day. Viewing for this Charterhouse auction of classic cars and motorcycles at The Royal Bath and West Showground, Shepton Mallet, is today, 9.30am to 4pm, with the sale starting at 11.30am tomorrow. If you are unable to attend the auction, live internet bidding is available through www.i-bidder.com/charterhouse
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its upkeep. There are a number of significant lots, including 17th-century English and Scottish broadswords which include a Scottish Ribbon Hilted Broadsword circa 1770. This wonderfully preserved piece with fine basket guard carries an estimate of £400 to £600 but is expected to easily exceed this (hopefully nudging four figures). There is also a North European swept-hilt rapier circa 1630, again in splendid condition and estimated at £400 to £600. There are a number of medals from the estate which include a very desirable Waterloo 1815 campaign medal to Private William Simonds, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Foot. Serving under Major Howard, the 30th were really in the thick of the action at Waterloo and therefore, with the interest in the battle and its 200-year anniversary just around the corner, the auctioneers expect that it will fetch somewhere between £1,500 and £2,000, not a bad price for something which was actually discovered in a bag of rubbish from the estate. Other notably lots from other properties include a very rare and desirable International Watch Company Luftwaffe B-Uhrs Navigators wristwatch from around 1940. There were only 1,000 of these watches manufactured for the Luftwaffe and it is fairly safe to say that the German aircrews suffered their heaviest losses in the latter part of the Battle of Britain and many of these watches perished with the aircraft. The auctioneers expect this to sell for something in the region of £7,000 to £10,000. The medals section has the usual range of Victorian, Great War and Second World War
This Waterloo 1815 campaign medal of Private William Simonds, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Foot features with Dominic Winter
items, but one lot stands out which is very rare and possibly unique. It is the British Empire Medal pair presented to Stewardess Elizabeth Plumb, who received her BEM and Lloyds Medal for Bravery at Sea for her gallant actions on board the RMS Rangitane during the Second World War. On November 27, 1940, the Rangitane was torpedoed by German raiders disguised as Japanese merchant traders. The constant barrage of shell fire severely wounded Stewardess Plumb and she was hit by splinters and shrapnel. Even though she was in great pain she cared for the crew and passengers for over nine hours in the lifeboats until they were all eventually picked up by a German prison ship. Once on board the German doctors remarked: “Don’t English women ever cry?” The misery did not stop there. The surviving crew were dropped of and marooned on Emirau Island in the Bismark Archipelago until they were rescued in January 1941. Stewardess Plumb remained in Auckland, New Zealand, as she quotes in a letter home: “Owing to having been wounded and nerves badly shattered I am reluctantly compelled to stay in New Zealand for an indefinite period”. Estimating this lot is hard but Henry Meadows guided it at £1,000 to 1,500, while expecting there to be interest from around the globe. For more information about sale lots in this particular auction or to ask about future consignments contact Henry by phone on 01285 860006 or via email: [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
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Antiques FROM PAGE 35
Film legend lives on Bonhams A costume worn by Bristol’s Cary Grant in the Hollywood movie The Howards Of Virginia is expected to fetch more than £4,000 at auction. The brown wool frock coat, a burgundy ground floral brocade waistcoat with orange silk back, and brown wool breeches will be auctioned at Bonhams simultaneously in New York and Los Angeles in November, just days before the 27th anniversary of Grant’s death, at the age of 82,on November 29, 1986. Grant, born in Bristol in 1904, was 36 when he made The Howards Of Virginia in 1940. It was one of four Grant films released that year. He was paid $150,000 per film. The Howards Of Virginia was described by the New York Times as “one of the best historical pictures to date” and set in the period leading up to the American Revolution. Grant stars as Matt Howard,a surveyor who befriends the young Thomas Jefferson and who later marries an aristocrat’s daughter. A spokesman for Bonhams said: “The sophisticated nature of the costume contrasts with the humble buckskins he wears earlier in the film and symbolises his transition from farmer to politician. The Howards Of Virginia was one of only two period films Grant made.” At the same time as the Bonhams sale, two posters from Grant films will be auctioned. A poster for Suspicion! is set to fetch almost £600. And a poster for North By Northwest is expected to sell for more than £500. This year, at Christie’s South Kensington in London, a poster for the Grant film To Catch A Thief sold for £5,250. Next year marks the 110th anniversary of Grant’s birth. He was born Archibald Alexander Leach at 15 Hughenden Road on January 18, 1904.
Charity sale for children Merchant House Hotel
A 1955 Bedford Self Propelled Pump, which is more affectionately known as a Green Goddess, is one of the more unusual lots in the Charterhouse classic vehicle auction tomorrow
A collection of more than 300 paintings and pictures of wildlife is going under the hammer on Sunday, to help raise money for sick children. It has been organised by an artist whose son is terminally ill, to thank the hospice which has helped them over the last few years. Ian Griffiths, from Helston, said Children’s Hospice South West’s Little Harbour hospice, near St Austell, has been excellent in providing respite breaks for his son Thomas, aged nine. Inspired to enrich the time that children, families and staff spend at the hospice, Mr Griffiths created a project called A Robin’s Song. More than 150 artists from around the world have donated pictures of birds and other wildlife which will now be sold to raise funds. The money will then be used to create birdboxes, feeding stations and a wildflower meadow at the hospice. Any remaining funds will be donated towards running costs. Mr Griffiths said: “My wife Lizzie and I regularly take our daughter Alice and son Thomas to Little Harbour. Here, and previously at Little Bridge House in Devon, we have benefited greatly from the wonderful facilities, care and support on offer. “As a full-time wildlife artist, I know the lifeenhancing benefits and pleasure that the natural world can bring to people of all ages – especially children. The song of a robin or the sight of butterflies among wild flowers can do so much. “Unfortunately, although there is an abundance of wildlife in the area around Little Harbour, there is little in the grounds themselves or near the building.” He added: “I would like to say a big thank you to all of the artists, other contributors and helpers for their generosity,” says Ian. I hope we can raise a substantial sum to continue the superb work that Hospice South West is doing.” The auction will be held at 3pm on Sunday at the Merchant House Hotel in Truro. The artwork can be viewed from 1pm. Also, to see some of the work, you may like to visit the website www.arobinssong.co.uk
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Printmakers celebrated The Marle Gallery The Marle Print Show, running from November 5 to January 26 in Axminster, East Devon, brings together the best of all the gallery’s printmakers, including Peter Freeth RA, Vicky Oldfield, Anthony Dyson RE and Anne Desmet RA. A few new printmakers to the gallery include Neil Bousfield’s woodengraving, David Risk Kennard’s woodcuts and Merrily Harpur’s Linocuts. Joining them will be some of Marle’s favourite ceramicists offering a eclectic range of ceramics. Gallery owner Nick Broomfield says The Print Show is a wonderful opportunity to see and buy original art at very accessible prices. “The vast majority of work on show is under £200 and includes wood engravings, linocuts, collagraphs, screenprints and aquatints,” says Nick. Here’s a full list of exhibiting artists at The Marle Print Show: Merrily Harpur, Neil Bousfield, David Risk Kennard, Hilary Paynter, Louise Hayward, Martin Grover, John Piper, Pete Lawrence, Anthony Dyson RE, Peter Freeth RA, Anne Desmet RA, Miriam MacGregor, Howard Phipps, Jenny Portlock, Trevor Haddrell, Vicky Oldfield, Jeremy Speck, Emma Molony, Sally Hebeler. Ceramics: Jacky Duncan, Mandy Parslow, Tim Andrews, Phillipa de Burlet, Nick Hillyard, Westend Pottery. Others: Angus Rutherford (pen and Ink), Tony Beaver (small oil paintings), Clarie Moynihans (3D Embroidery), Ricky Romain (small paintings), Simon Cook (small paintings).
Adventure full of surprises Crocadon Brocante Brocantes are similar to a second-hand market, vintage fair or flea market – and there is one at Crocadon, in the Tamar Valley tomorrow. Located at Crocadon Sawmill the Brocante, from 10am to 3pm, promises a unique experience in Cornwall, offering more than 30 stalls of antiques, vintage, bric-a-brac, furniture and more. With free entry and parking, live music and a cafe, it is not to be missed. There will also be an auction at noon where you can bid for some fantastic lots from furniture, art and model aircraft to garden wares and old fuel pumps. Viewing is today (Saturday, November 2) from 9am-1pm. Visit crocadon.co.uk for more information and online viewing. The cafe will be offering local smoked salmon sandwiches as well as delicious French-themed sweet treats and refreshments. Crocadon is based in the Tamar Valley, opposite St Mellion Golf Club, just 15 minutes from Plymouth and five from Callington. It is the location of successful monthly producer fairs held in the courtyard, where up to 50 stallholders display their unique hand produced goods. ■ Crocadon Sawmill, St Mellion, Saltash, PL12 6RL. 01579 350096. crocadonfarm.co.uk
Sale you will warm to Saltram Antiques
Cary Grant memorabilia will go under the hammer next month, close to the 27th anniversary of the Bristol-born screen legend’s death, at the age of 82, on November 29, 1986. A promotional poster from the movie Suspicion! will also be up for sale
With winter looming, dark nights around the corner and Christmas on the horizon, what can be better than sitting in front of a roaring coal fire? At Saltram Antiques today , all the fixtures and fittings of a cosy Edwardian drawing room await. The sale has a magnificent Lois XVl-style log grate fitted with a handsome brass hood with repose decoration of acanthus leaves with fruit and a central cartouche. The front of the grate has an elegant open fret design supported on a substantial pair of andirons on splayed feet (£1,800 to £2,200). The drawing room was typically used to entertain guests after dinner. There was no better way than an impromptu recital at the piano and, with a guide of £250-£350 you could be that pianist with a 1930s overstrung Baby Grand in a mahogany veneer case by J J Hopkinson of London. WCL-E01-S2
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Television and radio FILM CHOICE
TOP TV CHOICE
Rosemary’s Baby Based on Ira Levin’s chilling novel, it focuses on Rosemary Woodhouse, a happily married young woman who moves into a New York apartment with her actor husband, Guy. His career is going nowhere fast, so he resorts to a surprising course of action egged on by his seemingly pleasant neighbours in an attempt to improve his lot. Sadly, Guy’s plan involves something particularly nasty for his unsuspecting wife. Roman Polanski’s classic chiller was one of the most talked about films of the late 1960s. It remains one of the director’s best offerings of his US period. Mia Farrow is excellent as Rosemary, and John Cassavetes is suitably creepy as her husband. (Film4, Sunday, 10.50pm)
The National Theatre isn’t just a place for people who fancy a highbrow night out and this celebration of its 50th year brings together some of its biggest stars in its quest to reach a wider audience. Fittingly, half a century after the curtain first came up at the Old Vic, under the stewardship of Laurence Olivier, stars of stage will perform key scenes from some of its biggest hits. Among them are James Corden, Benedict Cumberbatch, Ralph Fiennes, and Dames Helen Mirren, Judi Dench and Maggie Smith. Among the highlights are Dame Helen recreating her role in Mourning Becomes Electra, and Charles Kay appearing in a scene from The National Health, a play in which he first appeared 45 years ago. But for some of the thespians, it’s a chance to step into some pretty big shoes. Jacobi and Michael Gambon take on roles in No Man’s Land, while Cumberbatch and Kobna Holdbrook-Smith tackle the 1967 production of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. (BBC Two, Tonight, 9pm)
The Men Who Stare at Goats A retired Special Forces operator who was once part of a US army unit that aimed to endow soldiers with superhuman powers and psychic abilities tells his story, and via flashbacks we get to see Lyn’s early days in the unit, when he and his arch rival Larry Hooper were trained by the unconventional Bill Django. While in Iraq, the scribe and his subject meet Hooper and Django in extraordinary circumstances, and Django helps them escape from a rehabilitation camp – after teaching the journalist his psychic beliefs. (BBC One, Tuesday, 11.35pm)
DVD Chasing Mavericks (PG) Jay Moriarity (Jonny Weston) feels at home on the Californian waves and he is also determined to ride the monstrous waves close to the home he shares with his depressed mother (Elisabeth Shue). His father left when he was eight, so Jay became the man of the house at an early age, putting aside adolescent crushes on best friend Kim (Leven Rambin) to keep his family afloat. After much pestering, Jay convinces veteran surfer Frosty Hesson (Gerard Butler) to train him for the epic trial of riding Mavericks, which can swell to 50 feet high. A father-son bond forms between the prodigy and the old-timer, and Frosty neglects his wife (Abigail Spencer) and children to guide Jay to greatness. While Frosty becomes a positive male authority figure for Jay, the youngster enriches his mentor's life too. Chasing Mavericks is an overly reverential tale of rousing triumph against the odds, based on the inspirational true story of a daredevil teenage surfer.
Chopper This film, made in 2000, follows the rise and fall of criminal Mark ‘Chopper’ Read, who went on to become a celebrity in his native Australia. Drawing on his own autobiographical books, some of which were penned while he was behind bars, it looks at the sometimes conflicting accounts of Read’s activities. It’s little wonder Hollywood came calling for former stand-up comic Eric Bana – he’s electrifying as the violent, irrational and yet often strangely likeable Chopper. But while he’s undoubtedly the star attraction, the rest of the movie is also gritty, uncompromising and more often than not blackly humorous. Read passed away in October from liver cancer. Before his death he gave a final TV interview in which he confessed to murder. It was Read himself who suggested Eric Bana and the actor spent two days living with him. (Film4, Friday, 1.30am)
RADIO
IN PROFILE
Welcome to My World: The Jim Reeves Story Terry Wogan celebrates the life and career of the Nashville singer-songwriter whose style mixed country music with the laidback approach of crooners such as Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby. The broadcaster looks at the influence Reeves had on the likes of Don Williams, Randy Travis and Charley Pride, and how he was one of the first people to make country music popular outside America. By the end of his career he’d made more than 50 albums and had a large number of pop hits under his belt. Jim was also one of the first people to take country music outside America, gaining widespread popularity in Britain, mainland Europe and South Africa. In July 1964, Jim Reeves was found dead in the wreckage of a private plane 10 miles south of Nashville. He was 39. But his death was far from being the end of the story. (Radio 4, Tuesday, 10pm)
Name Carol Vorderman Best known for Doing the sums and letters on Countdown. Early Life Carol Jean Vorderman was born in Bedford on December 24, 1960, to a Welsh mother and a Dutch father who split when she was a baby. Carol knew little about her father’s early life until she appeared on Who Do You Think You Are? where she learned he had been in the Dutch Resistance during the Second World War. She studied engineering at Cambridge. It was her mum who put her name forward for Countdown after spotting an advert looking for women with a flair for maths. CareerVorderman got the Countdown job, the first show broadcast on Channel 4 in 1982. She was initially one of four female presenters, but the other women were phased out, leaving her as Richard Whiteley’s co-host. Vorderman was soon in demand for other TV shows, appearing on the likes of Tomorrow’s World, How 2, Stars and Their Lives and Better Homes, but throughout continued to appear on Countdown. She announced she was leaving the show in 2008, after bosses reportedly asked her to take a 90 per cent pay cut. She has also been involved in a task force to improve numeracy in schools, and now co-hosts Loose Women. Quote “All my life, I have been used to dusting myself down and just getting on with it.” See her on Never Mind the Buzzcocks, BBC Two, Monday, 10pm.
TV QUIZ ANSWERS 1 Meera Syal; 2 Henry VIII; 3 Blue Peter; 4 Dame Joan Bakewell; 5 The Real Wild Show
TV QUIZ
Clichés are in many cases deservedly applied, and none more so than the term national treasure when it comes to the roll call of stars hitting the stage of the National Theatre to celebrate 50 years of its productions. Tonight, the BBC broadcasts a show at the theatre which brings together some of the country’s biggest acting names, to reprise or act anew some of theatre’s most famous roles
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1. Sanjeev Bhaskar is back with a new series of BBC One’s The Indian Doctor, starting on Monday. Bhaskar is also famous for his comedy series Goodness Gracious Me and The Kumars At No 42 which he starred in with his comedian wife. Who is she? 2. Jonathan Rhys Meyers plays Dracula in Sky Living’s series of the same name, which starts on October 31. Who did Rhys Meyers play in glossy period drama The Tudors? 3. Remembrance Week, BBC One’s series that will commemorate troops past and present, starts on Monday and is hosted by Gethin Jones. Which children’s TV show did Jones present? 4. This week we welcomed back Autumnwatch, with Michaela Strachan, Martin HughesGames and Chris Packham. Which Eighties children’s show did Packham present?
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Television Keeley Bolger
Gethin Jones with a group of soldiers at the Afghan National Army Officer Academy (ANAOA) in Kabul, Afghanistan
Gethin Jones made an unexpected impression when he stepped out in a vintage army uniform. However, that was for one of his Strictly Come Dancing routines. The Welsh-born presenter finished third in the fifth series of the show in 2007, where he danced the jitterbug with partner Camilla Dallerup while kitted out in the military attire. “My dad got a load of phone calls about the dance, because apparently I look a lot like my grandfather did at my age,” explains the 35year-old who made his name as a Blue Peter presenter but is now a regular on ITV’s Daybreak. “My dad never gets emotional, but seeing me dressed in that uniform looking like my grandfather made him emotional, and it made me quite proud to feel like my grandfather.” Jones has fond memories of his late grandfather, who was in the RAF, and has found
himself thinking about him more recently. For the third year running, he has flown to Afghanistan to present BBC One’s Remembrance Week, a week-long series dedicated to commemorating troops past and present. The series, which won a Royal Television Society Award last year, was originally hosted by former soldier Rav Wilding before Jones took over presenting duties three years ago. And this year Jones, who says he hopes his grandfather would have been proud of the show, has felt a shift in attitude as Britain reduces the strength of its forces in Afghanistan and lets the homegrown troops take over. And despite the inherent dangers, he is inspired by the courage of the soldiers. “In a weird way, I look forward to going to Afghanistan every year. Every single person
I’ve met out there’s been wonderful and wonderfully humble. You just feel like they’re getting on with their jobs.” Although pleased for him, his parents and sister were understandably concerned when Jones first hotfooted it over to the war-torn country. “Not for one second do I realise the implications of going out there,” Jones admits. “That’s felt mostly by my family, when they’re going, ‘You’re not going out there again, are you?’ But I love it, and I feel very blessed to be chosen to do the job, to host it and to tell the stories.” His mum and dad have also had a little involvement. “My parents picked me up from the airport when we flew back with the rest of the troops,” he explains. “I was quite keen for them to see all the soldiers meeting their friends, families and kids. That was very powerful. Six months away from home... imagine how much a child changes in that time.” “I fill up a bit when I talk about it, because I can see faces I’ve been speaking to coming to the terminal. It was just a lovely moment. On the way home, my mum and dad were talking about how nice that was. As parents, they understood it from a different angle.” His experiences have inspired the presenter to research ways in which he can help and he has been looking at joining the forces as a reservist. “I have this connection with the way they do their business,” he says. It’s very disciplined and I like that, so I’m just looking to see if there’s anything I can do to help. “I worry about the younger generation,
because being on the front line, or seeing your friend being blown up, always stays with you,” he reflects. “While they’re brave and get through the tour, what happens after? What happens in those quiet moments when you’re on your own? “That’s when I think about those guys the most, and that’s why I’m such a massive fan of any charity that helps soldiers who’ve been injured, or struggled when they’ve come back. The more money and awareness we have for those guys, the better.” Jones may not have fought on the front line but, over the years, he’s had his fair share of action man-style feats, including a gruelling Royal Marines challenge that only one other civilian has completed. “I did the Commando Yomp, a 30-mile speed march, that was hideous,” he recalls, laughing. “I’m quite a boring date. I usually get that I completed the Yomp in before ‘hello!’ I am very proud of that.” It’s hard to believe such claims by the handsome star, who was previously engaged to singer Katherine Jenkins. As well as filming in Afghanistan, he has been busy training for a half-marathon, working on Daybreak and recently performed a routine with Strictly partner Dallerup for the opening ceremony of the Rugby League World Cup in Cardiff. He was a little apprehensive about taking to the floor again. “It was in front of 60,000 people at the Millennium Stadium. Strictly was five years ago and they’ve still got the same measurements for my jive outfit. I was worried I was going to be popping out everywhere!” “I love how varied my job is,” he says. “It’s great – I wouldn’t have it any other way.”
PICKS OF THE WEEK
FACTUAL Top Gear presenter Richard Hammond rebuffs claims of trashing the planet – to make his own (BBC One, Sunday, 9pm)
COMEDY Jack Whitehall returns with his student chums for another term and series of Fresh Meat (Channel 4, Monday, 10pm)
FILM Claudia Winkleman and co-presenter Danny Leigh bring Film 2013 to our screens (BBC One, Wednesday, 11.05pm)
MUSIC Everyone has a favourite Elvis tune, surely? Zoe Ball collates the scores for each one (ITV, 9pm, Sunday) WCL-E01-S2
NATURE As the leaves in the UK turn yellow, Kate Humble goes to Africa to begin the Countdown to the Rains (BBC Two, Sunday)
REALITY The tials, tribulations – and food bills of pet obsessives who keep more than their fair share of animals (BBC One, Tuesday)
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 39
Columnists
Martin Hesp Don’t you love it when life gets so surreal it’s like you’re on TV?
Alice Bell There was a catastrophe at the office last Monday morning.
It’s like you’ve entered some fantasy envisaged in a crazy movie. That happened to me this week in a tiny office – but it was no ordinary workroom, nor were the people surrounding me everyday office folk. It was the moment when I entered The Simpsons TV cartoon. Only it was even more Simpson-esque than that weird programme can ever manage to be. For those who have never seen it, The Simpsons mocks the real world by being outrageous and surreal. Intellectually challenged Homer Simpson works in a tiny office perched on top of a giant nuclear reactor. His boss is greedy, unscrupulous, power-plant owner multimillionaire Monty Burns. I was in Homer’s office recently. Seriously. I sat in a tiny room perched on top of the nuclear reactor at Hinkley Point. There were three other people in the office, which had a big window looking out over the cathedral-sized reactor hall. There was the editor of a local newspaper, a government official and a man who sat behind a computer screen – just like Homer Simpson does on TV. We all looked identical because everyone up there in and around the reactor hall was covered from head to foot in blue overalls and all wore orange hard hats. So telling one person from another was not easy, but I did realise who the heavily disguised person behind the computer screen was – and I joked with him that he looked just like the wellknown Simpson. Luckily, Secretary of State for Energy Ed Davey has a good sense of humour – and he played up to the joke by pretending to be a bit Homer-esque, pressing various knobs and buttons with clueless abandon. However, the horseplay soon ended because a whole bunch of boiler-suited people entered the room, led by a breathless public relations person who started bossing us about. This was when my surreal Simpsons moment intensified one-hundred-fold – not only because this panting stooge reminded me of Monty Burns’ sidekick, Smithers, but because the big man being ushered into the room behind him was none other than Mr Burns himself. Or rather, it was the Prime Minister, who sat down next to me and said: “Shoot!” But only after he’d muttered to his minders: “Did I get that right about the cost of the Severn Barrage? I hope so.” Like one of Mr Burns’ eager cartoon staff, Mr Davey assured him he had told the TV reporters in the reactor hall the correct figures. The big man did not take any notice of this reassurance – indeed, I watched him closely during the 30 minutes we were up there on top of Hinkley B Station’s nuclear reactors – and Mr Cameron never seemed to take much notice of his Energy Secretary at all. Because, like Monty Burns, Dave Cameron is pretty much armour-plated. I had the feeling that if I really did shoot – as he had told me to – the bullets would have bounced off his pink, platinum-protected, skin. Of course, it is no good some lowly regional hack like me trying to have a real conversation with a Prime Minister – his minders had told me I would have just two questions and after that my time would be up, the inference being that I was lucky to get even a single minute. My couple of queries were duly bulldozed aside with replies that had been learned off-
And it was so bad it even got its own hashtag on Twitter: #milk-a-geddon. Now, I’m a journalist so the first thing I want to do is sensationalise the story. Basically, we were the victims of a double delivery of milk. There were just too many bottles on our doorstep to fit into the fridge and not even a Brit suffering from insomnia and dehydration could have drunk enough tea to use up the surplus before it got a bit warm. Even worse, nobody could remember who our delivery man was or where he came from so the next morning we found another crate of bottles on the doorstep, like we were being targeted by some lactose-obsessed stalker. Carnage. Absolute carnage. And if you thought we were making much
pat – and the PM marched off to his helicopter which, in true Simpson-esque form, ascended between a black cloud and a rainbow. Later I watched the Prime Minister’s announcement about Hinkley C on TV and learned what a “thoroughly good thing” it all was. Except, I do not believe it. I’m a bit thick when it comes to numbers, but I cannot see why it is a good thing for the French and the Chinese to be investing in this nation’s future energy needs, and not us. One thing is certain: they are not doing it out of a sense of charity. One day we will be paying them, big-time. Real life is not a game of Monopoly, but if it was – we just lost. But then, life is not a Simpsons cartoon either – it just sometimes seems like one.
2 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
COLUMNISTS ONLINE You can enjoy the best of Alice Bell’s and Martin Hesp’s Saturday essays – and our other writers – on the Western Daily Press website westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl
ado about nothing there, you obviously didn’t see our reporting of St Jude’s Storm when it finally hit the West Country. I say “hit”. “Inappropriately touched” might be a better description. The name alone just makes it sound like a soppy ballad Paul McCartney might start randomly singing in Covent Garden. Considering the horrific damage the storm caused in other parts of the UK and beyond, I’m not sure how Somerset and Wiltshire managed to escape pretty much unscathed. Especially since every local news hub in the area had been warning us of our impending doom for at least a week beforehand. Twitter was on top sarcastic form that Monday, though, with every wannabe Have I Got News For You writer across the south posting pictures of plastic garden chairs that had blown over and Tweeting: “Scenes of complete devastation in Bath this morning...” Meanwhile, I was forced to drive through a puddle that definitely hadn’t been there the day before. Not a big one, though. I don’t think Noah would have got out of bed for it. My colleague was much more prepared. I only wish she’d been in charge of the train companies as she not only remembered to put on extra hairspray but she also brought a spare pair of socks in case her feet got a bit wet on the walk into work. The news that morning was basically: “Everything’s gone a bit mental today but if you bear with us, we’ll update you on the weather and traffic situation, just as soon as we’ve found somewhere to put all this milk.” Then it was over to the weather girl, whose reports ran increasingly along the lines of: “So as you heard there in the news, ARMAGEDDON HAS ARRIVED! As for tomorrow... well, quite frankly, who cares, nobody will be around to see it.” I tried to sound slightly more balanced when it was my turn but just ended up saying a la Michael Fish: “Gosh, it’s a bit windy out there, isn’t it? But we’re expecting some sunny spells too and highs of 15 degrees, so it could be worse.” Then we crossed over to the man doing the traffic updates. He’d been stuck in a massive queue that morning and from the tone of his voice you could tell he just wanted to rant: “There's some right divs on the road today. One in front of me tried to drive his Prius through a flood and got stuck, can you believe the idiot? Also, there’s some puddles around that might make your car a bit grubby. Oh, and if you're late for work, you can bet the car in front is a flaming hearse.” The reporting of St Jude managed to whip everyone up into a frenzy of hysteria. Even our hard journalistic hearts had to feel a bit awkward when our cleaning lady arrived at the office wearing what looked like scuba gear and brandishing an industrial-sized umbrella. The fallout was worse than “plebgate”. It was “floodgate”, although unfortunately not literally. That might have been useful.
WCL-E01-S2
Along with being the top performing day school in Bristol, QEH is firmly amongst leading academic schools nationally. Most boys go to top universities or medical schools, including 10%to Oxford and Cambridge. One hundred boys are in the Junior School which shares the ethos of the Senior School whilst retaining its own individual identity.
FOUNDED IN 1590, QEH THRIVES WITH 670 BOYS AGED 7–18
Stephen Holliday and Martin Morris, the respective Headmasters of QEH Seniors and Juniors, agree that a good school is far more complicated than counting exam passes. Good schools build character. That is easy to say, tricky to define and even more difficult to achieve. Character is formed through adventure and fortitude, through integrity and values, and is rooted in a sense of self-worth. Exam success: that is a by-product of a school where building character comes first. At QEH staff nurture character and go on to prepare boys for life beyond the school. Mr Holliday says: “ I like to think we build character from the very beginning, whether that starts in Year 3 or Year 7 or Year 9. We promote the importance of good values, we produce the young men who know themselves, who respect and help others and who have opinions. Incidentally, our exam results are also spectacularly good.” Mr Morris adds: “A key aim is to develop each boy’s personal qualities, provide a sound foundation for his future, and ensure that every boy leaves recognising himself as a lifelong learner. We are particularly keen to break out from the traditional idea of the four-walled classroom, and make our ‘classroom’ the wider world.”
Building Character Junior School Places Available…
ENTRY ASSESSMENTS Year 3 & 4 start 4 November Year 5 & 6 start 18 November
0117 930 3068 www.qehbristol.co.uk WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 3
Sunday television&radio Sunday’s Television Guide BIGFOOT FILES 8pm, Channel 4
TV PICKS
RICHARD HAMMOND BUILDS A PLANET 9pm, BBC1
The Top Gear presenter creates a CGI world in the California desert, enlisting the help of scientists to carry out experiments along the way.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 7.25 Match of the Day (R,S,HD). 9.00 The Andrew Marr Show (S,HD). 10.00 Sunday Morning Live (S,HD). 11.00 Sunday Politics (S). 12.15 MOTD2 Extra (S,HD). 1.00 BBC News (S,HD). 1.15 The Story of the Swastika (S,HD). 1.45 Bargain Hunt (S). 2.40 Escape to the Country (R,S). 3.40 Points of View (S,HD). 3.55 Songs of Praise (S,HD). 4.30 Formula 1: Abu Dhabi Grand Prix – Highlights (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
In the last in the series, Mark Evans travels to Russia to investigate the story of Zana, a ‘wild woman’ said to have been found in the remote Caucasus in the 1870s and thought to be a surviving hominid or Neanderthal. She was alleged to have had four children by her captors over the years.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 7.10 Film: The Bride Walks Out (S) (1936). ●●● 8.30 Alan Titchmarsh’s Garden Secrets (R,S,HD). 9.30 Gardeners’ World (R,S,HD). 10.00 Saturday Kitchen Best Bites (S). 11.30 EastEnders (S,HD). 1.20 Rugby Union (S,HD). 2.20 Live Cycling (S). The Track World Cup from Manchester. 5.30 Inspire: The Olympic Journey (R,S,HD). Gabby Logan visits Glasgow ahead of next year’s Commonwealth Games.
AFRICA 2013: COUNTDOWN TO THE RAINS 8pm, BBC2
2012 9pm, Channel 5
Kate Humble and Simon King report on the lives of animals in Zambia as they wait for the longest dry season in many years to finish.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Babar and the Adventures of Badou (R,S). 6.10 Matt Hatter Chronicles (R,S). 6.35 Dino Dan (R,S). 7.00 Canimals (R,S). 7.25 Sooty (S). 7.35 Horrid Henry (R,S). 7.50 Big Time Rush (S). 8.15 Bottom Knocker Street (S). 8.30 Fort Boyard Ultimate Challenge (S). 9.25 ITV News (S). 9.30 Storage Hoarders (R,S,HD). 10.30 Sunday Side Up (S,HD). 11.30 Sunday Scoop (S). 12.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 12.35 Inside the National Trust (S,HD). 1.35 Fool Britannia (R,S,HD). 2.05 The X Factor (R,S,HD). 3.55 Downton Abbey (R,S,HD). 5.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R,S). 5.30 Prize Island (S,HD).
Premiere. A scientist learns the world is soon to face a global cataclysm that will wipe out the human race, but finds the US president has plans to secretly save a fraction of the population, leaving everyone else to die. Disaster movie, with John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Danny Glover and Amanda Peet.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The American Football Show (R,S). 7.05 Yorkshire Marathon (S). 8.00 Everybody Loves Raymond (R,S). 9.00 Frasier (R,S). 9.30 Sunday Brunch (S). 12.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,S,HD). 1.50 The Simpsons (R,S). 3.20 Film: Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (S,HD) (1989). See Choices Above. ●● 5.25 Channel 4 News (S). 5.50 Film: Grease (S,HD) (1978). Romantic musical, with John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John. ●●●●●
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake! 10.00 Power Rangers: Super Samurai (S,HD). 10.35 Slugterra (S,HD). 11.00 Cowboy Builders (R,S,HD). 12.00 Police Interceptors (R,S,HD). 1.00 Film: Ghostbusters (S,HD) (1984). Supernatural comedy, starring Bill Murray. ●●●●● 3.00 Film: Baby Boom (S,HD) (1987). Comedy, starring Diane Keaton. ●●● 5.10 Film: The Fox and the Hound (S,HD) (1981). Animated adventure, with the voice of Mickey Rooney. ●●●
(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
8.00 Africa 2013: Countdown to the Rains (S,HD). 1/3. See Choices Above.
8.00 The X Factor Results (S,HD). 16/22. The two acts with the lowest number of public votes face each other in the sing-off, and for one of them the dream of stardom will be over. Taylor Swift and Little Mix perform live.
8.00 Bigfoot Files (S). 3/3. See Choices Above.
9.00 Great Continental Railway Journeys (S,HD). 2/6. Michael Portillo travels from Turin to Venice, recreating a scene from The Italian Job and investigating the British love affair with Lake Como in the early 20th century.
9.00 Downton Abbey (S,HD). 7/8. See Choices Above.
9.00 Homeland (S,HD). 5/12. A mysterious man enters the country at the US-Canadian border, Carrie puts her mission on the line to complete a risky favour and Saul is forced to rub elbows with an adversary.
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6.00 Regional News (S,HD). 6.20 Countryfile (S,HD). How the Hertfordshire landscape inspired sculptor Henry Moore.
▼
7.20 Strictly Come Dancing: The Results (S,HD). Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman reveal which couples are in the danceoff, leaving their fates in the hands of the judges.
▼
6.35 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.45 ITV News and Weather (S).
2012, 9pm
8.00 The Paradise (S,HD). 3/8. Tom cancels the staff outing to the music hall, so Denise suggests the staff should put on their own show, while also worrying about whether to apply for the head of ladieswear job.
▼
after
6.00 Flog It! (R,S). 25/80. The history of Poole Pottery. 6.30 The Ginge, the Geordie and the Geek (S,HD). 6/6. A referee treats a pub like a football pitch. Last in the series. 7.00 How to Build a Jumbo Jet Engine (R,S). 2/3. The construction of Rolls-Royce’s Trent 1000 jet engine.
Homeland, 9pm
9.00 Richard Hammond Builds a Planet (S,HD). See Choices Above.
▼
11
The X Factor Results, 8pm
10.00 BBC News; Regional News and Weather (S,HD). 10.25 Match of the Day 2 (S,HD). Everton v Tottenham Hotspur and Cardiff City v Swansea City. Mark Chapman introduces highlights of the Premier League matches at Goodison Park and the Cardiff City Stadium.
10.00 The Wrong Mans (R,S,HD). 6/6. Sam and Phil realise they must put themselves right in the line of fire to expose the plot, save Bracknell, uncover double agents and rescue their loved ones. Last in the series. 10.30 QI XL (S,HD). 9/16. Extended edition. With Jo Brand, Marcus Brigstocke and Danny Baker.
10.05 ITV News and Weather (S); Weather. 10.20 OCD Ward (R,S,HD). An insight into four severe cases of obsessive compulsive disorder, including two men who are receiving treatment at south London’s Springfield University Hospital.
10.00 Was It Something I Said? (S,HD). 5/8. With guests Robert Webb and Miles Jupp. 10.25 Toast of London (S,HD). 3/6. Steven is offered a starring role in a new film. 10.50 No Fire Zone (S). War crimes alleged to have been committed by the Sri Lankan government.
▼
10
Great Continental Railway ... 9pm
11.30 Rugby League World Cup (S,HD). Tanya Arnold presents highlights of the second round of group matches, which included England v Ireland, Australia v Fiji and New Zealand v France.
11.15 Never Mind the Buzzcocks (R,S,HD). 6/13. Eamonn Holmes hosts, with Sarah Millican, Shaun Ryder, Greg McHugh and Jaymi Hensley. 11.45 The Invisible (S) (2007). Thriller, with Justin Chatwin. ●●●
11.20 Premiership Rugby Union (HD). Action from the latest top-flight fixtures, which included Leicester Tigers v Harlequins, Gloucester v London Wasps and London Irish v Northampton Saints.
11.45 Alan Carr: Chatty Man (R,S,HD). 10/18. James Corden talks about the DVD release of The Wrong Mans, Tom Hiddleston discusses Thor: The Dark World and Joan Collins shares some of her memoirs.
▼
6 7 8 9
Countryfile, 6.20pm
12.30 The Sky at Night (S,HD). The team joins astronomers in Blackheath, south-east London, to watch a lunar eclipse and discover the results of the Moore Moon Marathon. With guest Jon Culshaw. 12.50 Weatherview (S). 12.55 BBC News (S,HD).
1.20 Sign Zone: Countryfile (R,S). For the first time, the programme plays host to One Man and His Dog, the contest showcasing the skills and traditions of sheepdog training and handling. Matt Baker commentates. 2.15 Sign Zone: Holby City (R,S). Chantelle’s expectations are challenged on her first day back at work. 3.15 This Is BBC Two (S).
12.20 The Store (R). Home shopping. 2.20 Motorsport UK (HD). Highlights from Silverstone, featuring the Ginetta GT Supercup and Porsche Carrera Cup. 3.10 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S,HD). The host invites guests to air their differences over family and relationship issues, and provides them with his own brand of no-nonsense advice.
12.45 American Football Live (S). Houston Texans v Indianapolis Colts (Kickoff 1.30am). Nat Coombs is joined by Mike Carlson to present all the action from the AFC South encounter at the Reliant Stadium. 4.45 Killarney Adventure Race (R,S). Action from the one-day multiadventure race in Ireland. 5.15 Deal or No Deal (R,S,HD).
7.00 Surprise Surprise (S,HD). 7/10. Jessie J performs in the studio as a surprise for a 13-year-old girl from Lancashire who shaved off her hair in aid of the hospice where her grandfather stayed.
6.50 5 News Weekend (S,HD). 6.55 U-571 (S) (2000). American forces board a stricken Nazi submarine at the height of the Second World War in the hope of seizing an Enigma coding machine, but German reinforcements arrive, forcing them to flee in the unfamiliar craft. Action adventure, starring Matthew McConaughey, Harvey Keitel, Bill Paxton, Jon Bon Jovi, David Keith, Thomas Kretschmann, Jake Weber and Jack Noseworthy. See Choices Above. ●●
9.00 2012 (S,HD) (2009). Premiere. A scientist learns the world is soon to face a global cataclysm that will wipe out the human race, but finds the US president has plans to secretly save a fraction of the population, leaving everyone else to die. A writer learns of this plan and as the world is devastated by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, he tries to get his family to the last safe refuge. Disaster movie, with John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Danny Glover, Amanda Peet, Thandie Newton, Oliver Platt, Woody Harrelson and Tom McCarthy. See Choices Above. ●●●
12.10 Film: Creep (S) (2004). ●●● 1.35 SuperCasino. 3.10 The Gadget Show (R,S,HD). 4.00 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 4.25 Make It Big (R,S). 4.50 Roary the Racing Car (R,S). 5.00 Angels of Jarm (R,S). 5.05 Hana’s Helpline (R,S). 5.20 Angels of Jarm (R,S). 5.25 The Funky Valley Show (R,S). 5.40 Roary the Racing Car (R,S). 5.50 Hana’s Helpline (R,S).
The complete outfitters for every occasion, including formal hire THE
TALL
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42 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
DOWNTON ABBEY 9pm, ITV
KARL PILKINGTON: THE MOANING OF LIFE 9pm, Sky1
Robert travels to America to bail out Cora’s brother, Blake and Mary are forced to put aside their differences and help comes from an unlikely quarter when Violet is taken ill.
ITV2 ITV2
6.00 Union J: The Hot Desk (R,HD). 6.10 Emmerdale (R,HD). 8.40 Coronation Street (R,HD). 11.10 The X Factor (R,HD). 1.05 The Xtra Factor (R,HD). 2.05 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 2.35 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 3.10 Film: The Borrowers (1997). ●●● 4.55 Film: Rumor Has It (HD) (2005). Romantic comedy, starring Jennifer Aniston.●●
Why do people have children? That’s the puzzler bothering world-weary philosopher Karl this week. Travelling the globe, he tries to understand why couples feel the need to become parents, visiting a fertility festival in Japan and a natural birthing centre in Bali.
E4 E4
6.00 Switched (R). 6.20 Make It or Break It (R,HD). 7.05 Ugly Betty (R,HD). 7.50 Charmed (R). 8.50 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 9.50 Hollyoaks (R,HD). 12.25 Made in Chelsea (R,HD). 1.30 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 2.30 The Mindy Project (R,HD). 3.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 4.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 5.30 Rules of Engagement (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1
6.00 Hour of Power (HD). 7.00 Glee (R,S,HD). 9.00 Harrow (R,S,HD). 10.00 WWE Superstars (R,HD). 11.00 WWE: Experience (HD). 12.00 Thor: The Dark World Special (S). 12.30 David Attenborough’s Galapagos (R,S,HD). 1.30 Ashley Banjo’s Secret Street Crew (R,S,HD). 2.30 John Bishop’s Only Joking (R,S,HD). 3.30 Futurama (R,S).
FILM PICKS
Sunday television&radio STAR TREK V: THE FINAL FRONTIER 3.20pm, Channel 4
American forces board a Nazi submarine in the hope of seizing an Enigma coding machine. Second World War adventure, starring Matthew McConaughey.
Sci-fi adventure, written, directed by and starring William Shatner, with Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley and David Warner.
Gold GOLD
6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 Jeeves and Wooster 10.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 12.00 One Foot in the Grave 12.40 Open All Hours 1.20 Only Fools and Horses 2.00 The Vicar of Dibley 2.40 Outnumbered – The Christmas Special 3.35 Blackadder II 4.15 ‘Allo ‘Allo! 5.00 The Good Life 5.40 Keeping Up Appearances
The Xtra Factor, 9pm
The Seeker: The Dark … 8pm
Revolution, 10.05pm
Mrs Brown’s Boys, 9pm
6.55 Dragonheart (HD) (1996). A knight sets out to slay a dragon, only to find the unhappy creature is the last of its kind. Forging an unlikely alliance, the pair embark on a mission to rid their kingdom of its tyrannical ruler. Fantasy adventure, starring Dennis Quaid, David Thewlis, Pete Postlethwaite, Julie Christie, Dina Meyer, John Gielgud, Jason Isaacs and Lee Oakes, with the voice of Sean Connery. Including FYI Daily. ●●●
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). The gang celebrates Halloween.
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S). 6.30 The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow (R,S). Short animation.
6.20 One Foot in the Grave. A hole appears at the bottom of the garden.
7.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 7.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Sheldon and Penny bond as they miss Leonard.
7.00 Harrow: A Very British School (R,S,HD). Mr Smith prepares to retire after 30 years.
7.00 Open All Hours. Arkwright invents a saint’s day. 7.40 Fawlty Towers. Basil holds a gourmet night.
8.00 The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising (HD) (2007). A teenager discovers he is the last in a long line of warriors destined to defend the world from dark forces. His duty now is to embark on a perilous journey through time to recover the six parts of a powerful mystical artefact and ensure it is returned to safe hands. Fantasy adventure, starring Alexander Ludwig and Christopher Eccleston. ●●
8.00 Arrow (R,HD). A killer escapes from prison and continues his evil trade of torture and murder, while Oliver is shocked that the DA is seeking the death penalty for his mother.
8.20 Only Fools and Horses. Del seizes a once-in-alifetime opportunity to improve his social standing by launching his own chandeliercleaning business.
9.00 Karl Pilkington: The Moaning of Life (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 Mrs Brown’s Boys. Newlyweds Dermot and Maria argue. 9.40 Miranda. A handsome man leaves his wallet in the shop.
9.00 The Xtra Factor (HD). Caroline Flack and Matt Richardson go behind the scenes of the main results show to chat to the departing act and get opinions of the night’s performances.
U-571 6.55pm, Channel 5
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1
6.00 SNF – Match Choice (HD). 7.30 Game Changers (HD). 8.30 FL72 Highlights (HD). 9.00 The Sunday Supplement (HD). 10.30 Goals on Sunday (HD). A review of yesterday’s football action. 12.30 Live Super Sunday (HD). Everton v Tottenham Hotspur (Kick-off 1.30pm). 3.30 Live Super Sunday (HD). Cardiff City v Swansea City (Kick-off 4.00pm).
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). Mishaps from Fawlty Towers, Friends and EastEnders. 7.10 Cars (S) (2006). Animated adventure, with the voices of Owen Wilson. ●●● 9.00 Russell Howard’s Good News (R,S). The comedian’s perspective on stories dominating the media. 9.30 Russell Howard’s Good News (R,S). Live Super Sunday, 12.30pm 10.00 Family Guy (S). 6.30 Live Spanish Football 10.25 Family Guy (R,S). (HD). Levante v Granada. 10.45 Sweat the Small Coverage of the La Liga Stuff (R,S). match at the Estadi 11.15 American Dad! Ciutat de Valencia, (R,S). joining the match 30 11.40 American Dad! minutes after kick-off. (R,S).
8.00 Live Spanish Football (HD). Malaga v Real Betis (Kick-off 8.00pm). Coverage of the La Liga contest at the Estadio La Rosaleda, where both clubs will be looking for a victory to help push them up the table.
10.00 Drifters (R,HD). Comedy 10.05 Revolution (S,HD). Rachel and her dad about three female rescue Miles, but their graduates who are decision to take struggling to find jobs someone else sparks alland boyfriends in Leeds, out war. Neville and while also searching for Jason are caught offa place to live. Starring guard by a group of Jessica Knappett. violent refugees. 10.30 Drifters (R,HD). Meg lands herself a hot date.
10.20 The Royle Family. Jim 10.00 Football Special (HD). embarks on a spot of Everton v Tottenham DIY. Hotspur and Cardiff City v Swansea City. 10.55 Absolutely Fabulous. Highlights of the Premier Edina and Patsy set off League matches at for a break in Provence, Goodison Park and the only to find their Cardiff City Stadium. chateau is nowhere near as luxurious as they were expecting.
11.50 Tricked (R,HD). Magician Ben Hanlin scares Helen Flanagan, and takes star of Shameless Jody Latham on a nasty fishing trip.
11.00 Channel 4’s Comedy Gala. Highlights of the stand-up comedy show in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital. Last in the series. 11.55 Misfits (R,HD).
11.00 Trollied (R,S,HD). Gavin returns to work, determined to be more forward-thinking. 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Police officers combat vehicle crime.
11.35 Fawlty Towers. Basil decides to enhance the hotel’s reputation with an exclusive night of gourmet cuisine. Unfortunately, his new chef is distracted by hapless waiter Manuel.
11.30 Champions League Weekly (HD). A look ahead to matchday four.
12.50 Tricked (R,HD). Hiddencamera magic show, hosted by Ben Hanlin. 1.50 The Vampire Diaries (R,HD). Elena and Caroline prepare for a fresh start at college. 2.40 Nicki Minaj: The Hot Desk (R,HD). An interview with the R’n’B star. 2.50 Teleshopping. 5.50 ITV2 Nightscreen (HD).
1.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Sheldon and Howard stake their most coveted comic books on a bet over the species of a cricket. Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons star. 1.30 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.00 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.20 Channel 4’s Comedy Gala (R). 3.00 Hollyoaks (R,HD).
12.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 1.00 Night Cops (R,S,HD). 2.00 Brit Cops: Zero Tolerance (R,S,HD). 3.00 Brit Cops: Zero Tolerance (R,S,HD). 4.00 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD). 4.30 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD). 5.00 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD). 5.30 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD).
12.15 Mrs Brown’s Boys 12.55 Miranda 1.25 The Royle Family 1.55 Absolutely Fabulous 2.25 Ripping Yarns. A British PoW’s constant attempts to escape his German captors exasperate his fellow prisoners. Comedy, starring Michael Palin and Roy Kinnear. 3.00 Home Shopping
12.00 Spanish Football (HD). Rayo Vallecano v Real Madrid. 1.00 Football Special (HD). Everton v Tottenham Hotspur and Cardiff City v Swansea City. 2.30 Champions League Weekly (HD). 3.00 Spanish Football (HD). 4.00 Football Special (HD). 5.30 Champions League Weekly (HD).
RADIO
10.00 The Only Way Is Essex (HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex. 10.50 Freshers (R,HD). The students try to balance their lives effectively. Last in the series.
Radio 1 5.00am Seani B 7.00 Gemma Cairney 10.00 Dev 1.00pm Radio 1’s Teen Awards 2013 5.15 The Official Chart Show with Scott Mills 7.00 Radio 1’s Teen Awards Best Bits with Dan & Phil 9.00 The Surgery with Aled & Dr Radha 10.00 Annie Mac Midnight BBC Introducing with Ally McCrae 2.00 Monki 4.00 Dev Radio 2 6.00am The Sunday Hour 7.00 Hardeep Singh Kohli with Good Morning Sunday 9.00 Steve Wright’s Sunday Love Songs 11.00 Weekend Wogan 1.00pm Elaine Paige on Sunday 3.00 Johnnie Walker’s Sounds of the 70s 5.00 Paul O’Grady 7.00 Sunday Night with Michael Ball 9.00 Clare Teal 11.00
Don Black Midnight Maria McErlane 2.00 Alex Lester Radio 3 7.00am Breakfast 9.00 News 9.03 Sunday Morning with Rob Cowan Noon Private Passions 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 The Early Music Show 3.00 Choral Evensong 4.00 The Choir 5.30 Words and Music 6.45 Sunday Feature: Albert Camus: Inside the Outsider 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert 10.00 Drama on 3: The Outsider 11.30 Roslavets Violin Concertos 12.30am Through the Night Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Bells on Sunday 5.45 Profile 6.00 News Headlines 6.05 Something Understood 6.35 Living World 6.57 Weather
7.00 News 7.07 Sunday Papers 7.10 Sunday 7.55 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 7.55 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 7.57 Weather 8.00 News 8.07 Sunday Papers 8.10 Sunday Worship 8.50 A Point of View 8.58 Tweet of the Day 9.00 Broadcasting House 10.00 The Archers 11.15 Desert Island Discs Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 The Museum of Curiosity 12.30 The Food Programme 12.57 Weather 1.00 The World This Weekend 1.30 Reflections 2.00 Gardeners’ Question Time 2.45 The Listening Project 3.00 Classic Serial: Sword of Honour – Unconditional Surrender 4.00 Bookclub 4.30 The Echo Chamber 5.00 File on 4 5.40 Profile
5.54 Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.15 Pick of the Week 7.00 The Archers 7.15 My Teenage Diary 7.45 A Flash of Fireflies 8.00 Feedback 8.30 Last Word 9.00 Money Box 9.26 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 9.26 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 9.30 Analysis 9.59 Weather 10.00 The Westminster Hour 11.00 The Film Programme 11.30 Something Understood Midnight News and Weather 12.15 Thinking Allowed 12.45 Bells on Sunday 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast Radio 5 Live 5.00am Morning Reports 5.30 The Non League Football Show 6.00 Sunday Breakfast
WCL-E01-S2
BBC3 BBC3
12.00 Some Girls 12.30 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 2.00 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 2.30 Some Girls (R,S). 3.00 Him & Her (R,S). 3.30 Him & Her (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 Yellowstone: Unnatural Histories (R). 8.00 Dreaming the Impossible: Unbuilt Britain (R). How Scotland was almost cut in half to create a warship canal. 9.00 Searching for Exile – Truth or Myth? Documentary exploring the exile of the Jews from Jerusalem. 10.00 Searching for Exile: The Debate. Discussion chaired by Ed Stourton. 10.45 Treasures of Chinese Porcelain (R). Europe’s fascination with Chinese pottery. 11.45 Pink Floyd: Wish You Were Here (R). 12.45 Pink Floyd: A Delicate Sound of Thunder (R). Footage from the musicians’ A Momentary Lapse of Reason tour in 1988. 2.20 Yellowstone: Unnatural Histories (R).
9.00 SportsWeek 10.00 Pienaar’s Politics 11.00 5 Live Investigates Noon 5 Live Sport 12.15 MOTD2 Extra 12.50 5 Live Formula 1 3.00 5 Live Sport: Premier League Football 2013-14 4.00 5 Live Sport: Premier League Football 2013-14 6.06 6-0-6 7.30 On the Money 8.30 5 Live News 10.00 Stephen Nolan 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 Aled Jones Noon Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen 3.00 Charlotte Green’s Culture Club 5.00 The Classic FM Chart 7.00 David Mellor 9.00 Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Classical Music 10.00 Smooth Classics Midnight Bob Jones
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 43
Monday television&radio Monday’s Television Guide TV PICKS
MASTERCHEF: THE PROFESSIONALS 8.30pm, BBC2
RIPPER STREET 9pm, BBC1
Gregg Wallace, Michel Roux Jr and Monica Galetti return with the culinary challenge as the first batch of eight chefs enters the kitchen to compete.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
A young woman is murdered just hours after giving birth at the London Hospital, and the only clue to her identity is a tail-like protrusion at the base of her spine. The investigation takes the team into the world of circus freak shows – and then back to the hospital to seek help from its most famous resident, Joseph Merrick.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two 6.05 Homes Under the Hammer 7.05 Saints and Scroungers 7.50 Britain’s Empty Homes (R,S,HD). 8.20 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.05 Watchdog (R,S). 10.05 James Martin’s Food Map of Britain (R,S). 10.35 Click (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Rugby League World Cup (R,S,HD). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
CORONATION STREET 7.30pm, ITV
THE CHOIR: SING WHILE YOU WORK 9pm, BBC2
Todd’s boyfriend turns up at Eileen’s and demands to know where her son is hiding, Roy lashes out at Jenna for invading his privacy and Grace causes trouble for Sally.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Chepstow, Monmouthshire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD).
Gareth Malone sets out once again to get staff in some of Britain’s busiest workplaces to form singing groups. The first of the five firms he is visiting is P&O Ferries, where he finds he has an extra logistical challenge to overcome, with choir members based at sea and on both sides of the English Channel.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The Hoobs 7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.50 Everybody Loves Raymond 8.55 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA 11.00 Beat My Build 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking 12.35 River Cottage Bites (S,HD). 12.55 Film: Hombre (S,HD) (1967). See Choices Above. ●●●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal (S,HD). 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake! 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 War Hero in My Family (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist (R,S,HD). 3.15 Film: Deadliest Sea (S,HD) (2009). Drama, starring Sebastian Pigott and Ryan Blakely. ●●● 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD). Kyle gains a new admirer.
(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 13/21. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). A piece of damning evidence seems to prove Martha’s suspicions about Will.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Zac decides to investigate what Ethan is doing at Sanctuary Lodge. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). 7.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). See Choices Above.
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S). A week of talks from carers.
7.00 Construction Squad: Operation Homefront (S,HD). Building a new boathouse for the Solent Rescue lifeboat service. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
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6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 90/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). Zoe Ball chats to the latest couple to be eliminated. 7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 1/20. New series. The heirloom-hunting challenge returns with a husband-andwife battle as Fern Britton takes on chef Phil Vickery.
7.00 The One Show (S,HD). 7.30 Caught Red Handed (R,S,HD). The innovative ways criminals are being caught in the act. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
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Under the Dome, 10pm
8.00 EastEnders (S,HD). The fallout from the killing continues. 8.30 After Savile: No More Secrets? – Panorama (S,HD). Sanchia Berg explores the law regarding reporting child abuse.
8.00 University Challenge (S,HD). 17/37. The first of the secondround matches. 8.30 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 1/24. See Choices Above.
8.00 Tales from Northumberland with Robson Green (S,HD). 2/8. The actor explores the sparsely populated Northumberland National Park. 8.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Roy regrets telling Anna about Hayley’s plan.
8.00 Energy Bills Exposed: Channel 4 Dispatches (S). A report on rising fuel costs. 8.30 Health Freaks (S). 3/6. Possible treatments for psoriasis, migraines and Crohn’s disease.
8.00 The Gadget Show (S,HD). The directors of Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 give their verdicts on animation apps, while Jason Bradbury and Rachel Riley test Bluetooth speakers on an assault course. Followed by 5 News at 9.
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9.00 Ripper Street (S,HD). 2/8. See Choices Above.
9.00 The Choir: Sing While You Work (S,HD). 1/8. See Choices Above.
9.00 A Mother’s Son (R,S,HD). 1/2. Part one of two. A woman stumbles upon evidence that suggests someone in her family may have been involved in a murder. Drama, starring Hermione Norris and Martin Clunes.
9.00 999: What’s Your Emergency? (S,HD). 5/6. Paramedics across Britain treat patients over the age of 65, including a woman who has collapsed at home and an 84-year-old who wears an emergency button round her neck.
9.00 The Woman with 40 Cats – and Other Pet Hoarders (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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The Agenda, 10.35pm
6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Have I Got a Bit More News for You (R,S,HD). 5/11. Kirsty Young hosts the quiz, with regulars Paul Merton and Ian Hislop joined by journalist Max Keiser and comedian Tony Law to take a wry look at the week’s headline stories.
10.00 Never Mind the Buzzcocks (S,HD). 7/13. American singer Michael Bolton hosts the comedy music quiz, with Carol Vorderman, Shane Filan, Seann Walsh and Diana Vickers joining team captains Phill Jupitus and Noel Fielding. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 The Agenda (S,HD). 5/8. ITV’s political editor Tom Bradby presents a discussion on the week’s main talking points, with guests from the worlds of politics and popular culture.
10.00 Fresh Meat (S,HD). 1/8. See Choices Above. 10.50 Cardinal Burns (S,HD). 1/6. New series. A combination of sketches and narrative comedy written and performed by Seb Cardinal and Dustin DemriBurns.
10.00 Under the Dome (S,HD). 12/13. The townsfolk make house-tohouse searches as they hunt for Barbie, while Big Jim takes drastic action when he learns that the US military has branded him a murderer. Joe and Norrie are arrested after finding a new hiding place for the egg. Starring Mike Vogel.
11.20 Citizen Khan (R,S,HD). 5/6. Mr Khan tries to secure a famous cricketer to operate the Eid festival tombola. Featuring the late Felix Dexter. 11.50 The Graham Norton Show (R,S,HD). 4/20.
11.20 Africa 2013: Countdown to the Rains (R,S,HD). 1/3. The lives of animals living near the Luangwa River in Zambia.
11.05 Piers Morgan’s Life Stories: Michael Flatley (R,S,HD). 6/6. The dancer and choreographer talks about his life and career. Last in the series.
11.25 America’s Animal Hoarder: Horror at the Zoo (R,S,HD). A man who released exotic animals onto the streets of Ohio.
11.00 Judge Dredd (S,HD) (1995). See Choices Above. ●●
12.35 Weatherview (S). 12.40 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: The Culture Show: The People’s Palace (R,S). Tom Dyckhoff explores the new Library of Birmingham to find out how the cutting-edge building functions and asks what role it has to play in the digital age. 12.50 Sign Zone: The Story of the Jews (R,S). 1.50 This Is BBC Two (S). Preview of upcoming programmes. 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247 Viewers get the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with a mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 Champions League Weekly (S,HD). A look ahead to the matchday four fixtures. 3.25 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S).
12.40 Random Acts (S). Comedian Reggie Watts presents a short creative film. 12.45 Lata in Her Own Voice (S). A profile of Indian singer Lata Mangeshkar. 1.40 Film: Pakeezah (1972). Bollywood musical, with Meena Kumari. ●●●● 4.15 Nashville (S,HD). 4.55 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.50 River Cottage Bites (R,S,HD).
12.45 Campus PD (S,HD). 1.05 SuperCasino 3.05 Stalked to Death: Countdown to Murder (R,S,HD). The events that led Jonathan Vass to murder his ex-partner Jane Clough. 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
10 11
Never Mind the Buzzcocks, 10pm
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SMALL
44 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
FRESH MEAT 10pm, Channel 4
Return of the comedy about a group of students living together. As the friends begin their second year at Manchester Medlock, they take a trip to Josie’s ‘trafficlight’ party at her new home in Southampton.
THE WOMAN WITH 40 CATS – AND OTHER PET HOARDERS 9pm, Channel 5
Documentary giving an insight into the lives of people whose love of animals has become an obsession. Retired secretary Marlene has 40 cats, which are groomed and bathed every day, while Deb and her family share their home with a brood of chickens.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 Coronation Street 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 Coronation Street 2.00 Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty (R,HD). 8.00 Charmed (R). 9.00 Glee (R,HD). 10.00 New Girl (R,HD). 10.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 11.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks (R,HD). 1.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 2.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 3.00 New Girl (R,HD). 3.30 Suburgatory 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 4.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S,HD). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Monday television&radio HOMBRE 12.55pm, Channel 4
JUDGE DREDD 11pm, Channel 5
A white man raised by Apaches protects his fellow passengers when bandits attack their stagecoach in the wilderness. Western, starring Paul Newman.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 Just Good Friends 8.15 Ripping Yarns 8.55 Goodnight Sweetheart 10.15 ‘Allo ‘Allo! 11.00 Good Life 11.40 Keeping Up Appearances 12.20 Green Green Grass 1.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 One Foot in the Grave
A futuristic law enforcer fights to clear his name after he is framed for murder. Sci-fi thriller based on the 2000AD comic-strip, starring Sylvester Stallone.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 9.00 Football Special (HD). 10.30 FL72 Highlights (HD). 11.00 Spanish Football (HD). 12.00 Football Special (HD). 1.30 FL72 Highlights (HD). 2.00 Spanish Football (HD). 3.00 Football Gold (S). 3.30 Champions League Weekly (HD). 4.00 Fantasy Football Club (HD). 4.30 Game Changers 5.30 Soccer AM (HD).
2 Fast 2 Furious, 10pm
Made in Chelsea, 10pm
Live Football, 7.30pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). Lindsey from Merseyside chooses three blind dates.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Comedy, starring Johnny Galecki. 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Frankie goes back to college after losing her job. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp A comic look at soaps and celebrities.
6.30 FL72 Review A roundup of recent matches, featuring all the goals from League One and League Two.
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Camcorder calamities including a glow-in-the-dark toad.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). Dodger’s suspicions about Will grow ever darker. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S). Guest starring Richard Dean Anderson. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Homer and Marge try to save their marriage.
7.00 Keeping Up Appearances Hyacinth plans her dream kitchen.
8.00 You’ve Been Framed and Famous! (R). Comical clips, narrated by Harry Hill.
8.00 New Girl (R,HD). Winston tries to clear the air with Schmidt. Comedy, starring Zooey Deschanel. 8.30 New Girl (R,HD). Jess is spooked by strange noises outside the flat.
8.00 Arrow (HD). Oliver arranges a ‘cash-forguns’ rally to fight back against a notorious weapon-trafficker – but when Sin is injured, the Canary vows revenge for her friend.
8.05 The Two Ronnies Sketchbook Messrs Barker and Corbett reunite to provide an insight into their remarkable comedy career. Katie Melua guests.
9.00 Peter Andre: My Life (HD). Pete decides to adopt a more sophisticated look and tries out his new image at a photoshoot for his tour and hosts comedy music quiz Never Mind the Buzzcocks.
9.00 90210 (HD). The friends reunite after a traumatic event makes them appreciate the importance of their relationships. The final episode of the teenage drama series. Last in the series.
9.00 Strike Back: Shadow Warfare (S,HD). The team plans a heist of the Colombian stock exchange to discover Al-Zuhari’s whereabouts, while Dalton tracks down former MI6 agent Sebastian Gray (Martin Clunes) in Beirut.
9.05 Not Going Out Tim puts the flat on the market in the wake of Kate’s departure, forcing Lee to come up with a plan to allow him to stay put. Comedy, with Lee Mack. 9.45 Not Going Out Lee pretends to be gay.
7.30 Live Scottish Premiership Football (HD). Aberdeen v Partick Thistle (Kick-off 7.45pm). Coverage of the topflight encounter at Pittodrie, where the Jags visit the Dons for the first time since 2004. This is the second league meeting of the season between the clubs, with Aberdeen looking to build on their creditable start to the campaign, which included a 3-0 win at Firhill in September.
10.25 Outnumbered Pete has 10.00 The Footballers’ an eventful Saturday Football Show (HD). morning game of tennis, Dave Jones is joined by while Ben decides to guests including take a close interest in footballers, managers his dad’s medical tests. and club chairmen to Comedy, starring Hugh discuss all the major Dennis and Daniel stories in the week’s Roche. football news.
12.15 The Only Way Is Essex (R,HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex. 1.00 Utterly Outrageous Celebrity Frock Ups (R). Denise Van Outen’s favourite fashion slipups. 1.50 Animal Practice (R,HD). 2.15 Teleshopping. 5.45 ITV2 Nightscreen (HD).
12.05 Men Behaving Badly Gary invents a promiscuous past to hide his sexual inexperience from Dorothy. 12.45 Not Going Out. Tim puts the flat on the market. 1.20 Not Going Out Lee pretends to be gay. 1.50 Men Behaving Badly 2.20 Just Good Friends 3.00 Home Shopping
RADIO
10.00 2 Fast 2 Furious (HD) 10.00 Made in Chelsea Rosie 10.00 Karl Pilkington: The Moaning of Life (2003). A disgraced arranges a spa trip in an (R,S,HD). Karl sets off former cop is arrested effort to heal rifts around the world in an by the FBI for illegal among the girls, but attempt to understand street racing, but his with Phoebe, Fran and why people want one-time colleagues Lucy on the guest list, children, including visits offer him freedom in the possibility of much to a fertility festival in exchange for going on rest and relaxation Japan and a natural an undercover mission. seems remote. birthing centre in Bali. Teaming up with an old racing friend and a customs official, he has 11.00 Drifters (R,HD). Three 11.00 A League of Their to infiltrate and bring female graduates Own: Rally Special down a drug-trafficking struggle to settle into (R,S,HD). Full coverage operation. Thriller post-university life. of the recent challenge. sequel, with Paul Walker 11.35 Drifters (R,HD). Meg 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Police reprising his role from lands herself a hot date. officers combat vehicle The Fast and the crime. Furious. ●● 12.10 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 1.10 Suburgatory (R,HD). 1.40 Happy Endings (R,HD). 2.05 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 2.30 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.50 Bob’s Burgers (R,HD). 3.15 Bob’s Burgers (R,HD). Bob briefly becomes a local hero. 3.35 Glee (R,HD). 4.20 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Fearne Cotton 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 Radio 1’s Stories 10.00 Phil Taggart and Alice Levine Midnight Rock Show with Daniel P Carter 2.00 Rockwell 4.00 Dev Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Paul Jones 8.00 Jo Whiley. Including reviews of new albums by Arcade Fire and Lorde. 10.00 Cerys Matthews and the Women of Country 11.00 Jools Holland Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Spartacus: Vengeance (R,S,HD). The gladiator spots an opportunity for revenge. 1.15 Brit Cops: Zero Tolerance (R,S,HD). 2.10 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.05 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.15 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.15 Opera on 3: Roberto Devereux. Alessandro Talevi’s new production of Donizetti’s Roberto Devereux. 10.00 Free Thinking 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers. Sarah Dillon explores depictions of birth control in science-fiction texts and TV series. 11.00 Jazz on 3. Reeds player Paul Dunmall’s sextet in concert at Birmingham’s mac. 12.30am Through the Night
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Radio 1’s Teen Awards 2013 (R,S). 8.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 9.00 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (S). 10.00 Some Girls (S). Viva makes a friend who understands how she feels. Last in the series. 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). The fallout from the killing continues. 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). Brian learns that Quagmire hates him. 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). Brian tries to get his friends to care more about the lives of dogs. 11.45 American Dad! (S). Stan meets an old flame. 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). 12.30 Some Girls (R,S). 1.00 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (R,S). 2.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 3.00 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 8.00 Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads? (R). Bob and Terry show their competitive spirit. 8.30 Only Connect. Teams who won their first heats compete. 9.00 Timeshift: When Coal Was King. A look at the lost world of coal mining. 10.00 Explosions: How We Shook the World (R). 11.00 Two Melons and a Stinking Fish (R). 11.50 Disowned & Disabled (R). 12.50 Only Connect (R). Teams who won their first heats compete. 1.20 Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads? (R). Bob and Terry show their competitive spirit. 1.50 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 2.20 Timeshift: When Coal Was King (R).
11.05 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 11.00 FL72 Review A roundThe quirky comic takes a up of recent matches. surreal look at soap sagas and celebrities, subjecting them to his unique brand of scrutiny. 11.35 Harry Hill’s TV Burp
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 9.00 Start the Week 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 The Long Crawl to France 11.30 Dilemma Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 12.57 Weather 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Queens of the Coal Age 3.00 Round Britain Quiz 3.30 The Food Programme 4.00 The Unsent Letters of Erik Satie 4.30 The Digital Human 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock
News 6.30 The Museum of Curiosity 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort. By Beatrice Hitchman, dramatised by Miranda Davies. 8.00 Invalid Password: The Password, a History of Failure. Tim Samuels asks whether passwords will soon become obsolete. 8.30 Analysis 9.00 Shared Planet 9.30 Start the Week 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Imagine John Lennon’s Bermuda Adventure 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News and Weather 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 Scottish Premiership Football (HD). 12.30 Soccer AM: The Best Bits (HD). 1.30 The Footballers’ Football Show (HD). 2.30 FL72 Review 3.30 Scottish Premiership Football (HD). 4.00 Soccer AM: The Best Bits (HD). 5.00 The Footballers’ Football Show (HD). Radio 5 Live 5.00am Morning Reports 5.30 Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Victoria Derbyshire Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport: The Monday Night Club. Football debate with Mark Chapman. 9.00 The Ashes: The Tuffers and Vaughan Cricket Show. The latest cricket news ahead of England’s winter Ashes tour. 10.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Tennis 10.30 Phil Williams 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 45
Tuesday Thursday’stelevision&radio Television Guide TV PICKS
TRUCKERS 9pm, BBC1
DON’T PANIC – THE TRUTH ABOUT POPULATION 9pm, BBC2
Glen feels guilty after cheating on his girlfriend and decides to be more responsible. But in his attempts to get his life in order, he only makes it worse.
Statistician Hans Rosling uses state-of-the-art 3D graphics to paint a portrait of a quickly changing world, arguing that the problems of rapid population growth and extreme poverty are beginning to be conquered. Part of the This World strand.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (S,HD). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (R,S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.35 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 7.35 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.20 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.05 The Ottomans: Europe’s Muslim Emperors (R,S). 10.05 Plan It, Build It (R,S). 10.35 HARDtalk (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (R,S). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
BREATHLESS 9pm, ITV
BOUNCERS 10pm, Channel 4
Elizabeth loses control of the situation with Mulligan, Angela succumbs to her feelings for Otto, Margaret has exploratory surgery and Charlie receives a job opportunity.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S,HD). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Darwen, Lancashire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD). Quiz show, hosted by Bradley Walsh.
Following the work of door staff along Queen Street in Colchester, Essex, including a novice bouncer on a mission to change people’s perceptions of his profession, and Head doorman Curtis and colleague Jamie have 30 years of experience between them, and keep their doors safe with a lot of know-how.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The Hoobs 7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond 9.00 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA 11.00 Beat My Build 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking 12.40 Jamie’s 15 Minute Meals 1.15 Film: That Touch of Mink (S) (1962). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake!. 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Robson’s Extreme Fishing Challenge (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist 3.15 Impact (R,S). Conclusion. The scientists join astronauts on an Earthsaving mission into space. 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD). Kate helps Sheila overcome her fears.
Mock the Week – Again, 10pm
Emmerdale, 8pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 93/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). A look ahead to the weekend’s action.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 16/21. Moe joins an online dating agency. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). The hostage situation continues to escalate.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Jett and John disrupt Marilyn’s date with Winston. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Topical stories from around the UK. 7.30 EastEnders (S,HD). Bianca’s new boyfriend has a surprise for the Butchers. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 4/20. Actors Simon Williams and Duncan Preston compete.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). Priya thinks she might be pregnant, and Bernice is taken aback to see Jimmy with her bra. 7.30 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (S,HD).
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S,HD).
7.00 Police Interceptors (R,S,HD). Dougie and Mark chase a serial offender on foot. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Question Time, 10.35pm
8.00 Waterloo Road (S,HD). 10/20. Christine and Simon clash over how best to deal with a bullied pupil – just as they vie for the role of head – and the Barrys are torn apart when Kacey’s boxing fund is stolen. Last episode in the current run.
8.00 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 4/24. Six chefs battle it out in the quarter-final, demonstrating a dish of their own invention before four of them go on to prepare two courses for a panel of food critics.
8.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). David is left reeling after Priya says her potential pregnancy isn’t his problem. 8.30 Britain’s Secret Treasures (S,HD). 4/8. A look at important artefacts found by members of the public in Northern Ireland.
8.00 George Clarke’s Amazing Spaces (S,HD). 3/9. The architect meets a carpenter who wants to turn a 30-yearold double-decker bus into a luxury holiday retreat, and a couple using their life savings to design a boat hotel.
8.00 Benidorm ER (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Truckers (S,HD). 5/5. See Choices Above.
9.00 Don’t Panic – The Truth About Population (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 Breathless (S,HD). 5/6. See Choices Above.
9.00 Bedlam (S,HD). 2/4. The documentary follows staff and patients at Lambeth Hospital in south London, which has pioneered the use of short-stay emergency wards for patients in crisis.
9.00 Wife Slayer: Countdown to Murder (S,HD). 5/6. Docudrama using witness testimony, crime reports, forensic evidence and expert commentary to examine the events that led Brian Lewis to murder his partner Hayley Jones in 2007.
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11
10.00 Mock the Week – Again (R,S). 9/12. An edition of the comedy show from September 2012, with Greg Davies, Jo Caulfield and Gary Delaney joining Hugh Dennis, Andy Parsons and Chris Addison. Dara O Briain hosts. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 The Jonathan Ross Show (R,S,HD). 4/10. The host is joined by Paul Hollywood from The Great British Bake Off, actor and comedian Steve Coogan, Jonathan Rhys Meyers (The Tudors) and Pet Shop Boys, who provide the music.
10.00 Bouncers (S). 1/3. See Choices Above.
10.00 Person of Interest (S,HD). 3/22. The daughter of a Brazilian diplomat is targeted by kidnappers, while Carter suspects that Snow made a post-mortem incision into Corwin’s body and removed something.
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10
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Question Time (S,HD). 9/38. David Dimbleby chairs a debate from Boston, Lincolnshire, with panellists including Ukip leader Nigel Farage facing questions from the audience.
11.35 This Week (S). Andrew Neil introduces a round-table chat, in which he, Michael Portillo and Alan Johnson take a lighthearted romp through the political and parliamentary developments of the past seven days.
11.20 World’s Busiest Maternity Ward (R,S,HD). Anita Rani visits the Dr Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital in the Philippine capital Manila.
11.40 Wild Britain with Ray Mears (R,S,HD). 5/10. The survival expert takes a trip down the River Wye, where he observes the sea lamprey, sand martins tending their young and all three species of British wagtail.
11.05 999: What’s Your Emergency? (R,S,HD). 5/6. Paramedics across Britain treat patients over the age of 65, who account for two thirds of all ambulance calls every year.
11.00 Law & Order: Criminal Intent (S,HD). 8/8. Last-ever episode. Twin brothers are found dead in the offices of a successful internet dating website, and Goren attends his final therapy session. Last in the series.
12.20 Holiday Weatherview (S). 12.25 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: After Savile: No More Secrets? – Panorama (R,S).In other countries, evidence of child abuse must be reported to the authorities. But that is not the case in Britain, where turning a blind eye to such behaviour in a school, hospital or church is not a crime. 12.50 This Is BBC Two (S). Preview of upcoming programmes from BBC Two. 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247. Viewers are offered the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (R,S,HD). 3.25 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S).
12.10 One Born Every Minute 1.05 Random Acts 1.10 Embarrassing Bodies: The Man with Half a Face 2.05 Energy Bills Exposed: Channel 4 Dispatches 2.30 Unreported World 3.00 Jungle Special: Inside Nature’s Giants 3.55 SuperScrimpers’ Challenge (R,S,HD). 4.50 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.40 Countdown
12.00 SuperCasino. Viewers get the chance to take part in live interactive gaming, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.05 Bomb Patrol (S,HD). 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
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SMALL
46 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
BENIDORM ER 8pm, Channel 5
TROLLIED 9pm, Sky1
A Lancashire pensioner is admitted after falling off a toilet and landing on a metal pipe, and a father brings in his four-year-old daughter with a suspected dislocated elbow.
The latest series of the sitcom draws to a close with a double bill. Julie is worried about the drop in customers since the makeover as she and Richard prepare for the supermarket awards. Meanwhile, recent events have knocked the stuffing out of Gavin, who is a shadow of his former self.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 Coronation Street 6.55 You’ve Been Framed! 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 Coronation Street 1.30 You’ve Been Framed! 2.00 The Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 The Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty 8.00 Charmed 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl 10.30 Suburgatory 11.00 Rules of Engagement 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks 1.00 How I Met Your Mother 2.00 The Big Bang Theory 3.00 New Girl 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Tuesday television&radio THAT TOUCH OF MINK 1.15pm, Channel 4
QUANTUM OF SOLACE 10.50pm, ITV2
A sophisticated millionaire businessman goes in passionate pursuit of a strait-laced secretary. Comedy, starring Cary Grant.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 Green Green Grass 9.40 As Time Goes By 10.20 Last of the Summer Wine 11.40 Porridge. 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles. 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 3.20 The Vicar of Dibley 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 One Foot in the Grave
Spy thriller sequel, starring Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Judi Dench, Gemma Arterton and Mathieu Amalric.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). India v West Indies. 11.30 Football Gold (S). 11.45 Football Gold (S). 12.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 1.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 2.00 Sporting Heroes (HD). Interview with a leading sportsman. 3.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 4.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 5.00 FIFA Futbol Mundial. 5.30 Premier League World (HD).
Celebrity Juice, 10pm
Yes, Prime Minister, 8.20pm
The Rugby Club, 8pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). A man from London takes part in the dating show. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Rusty moves some stolen furniture into the Hecks’ garage. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities. 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
6.00 Ringside (HD).
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill narrates another selection of camcorder calamities.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). The villagers deal with the tragic repercussions of the hostage situation. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). Bart discovers a passion for American history. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Bart buys a rare comic.
7.00 Porridge. Fletch sorts out Godber’s love life. 7.40 Blackadder Goes Forth. Captain Blackadder organises a stage show.
7.00 FL72 Preview. A look ahead to the latest round of fixtures in the Championship, League One and League Two.
8.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill comedy capers include a group of workmen messing about.
8.00 Suburgatory (HD). Tessa worries she has lost her cool persona. 8.30 The Big Bang Theory (HD). Leonard and Sheldon go through an adjustment period. Johnny Galecki stars.
8.00 Modern Family (R,S,HD). Phil takes the family on a road trip in his new motor home. Comedy, starring Ty Burrell and Ed O’Neill. 8.30 Modern Family (R,S,HD).
8.20 Yes, Prime Minister. Sir Humphrey’s pro-Euro scheme seems to have failed, but some embarrassing expenses claims may provide a means to salvage his plan.
8.00 The Rugby Club (HD). Alex Payne rounds up the latest domestic rugby union action, hearing from the players in the news and finding out how the game is developing at grass-roots level.
9.00 Trollied (S,HD). See Choices Above. 9.30 Trollied (S,HD). Richard gets some of the staff to pose as shoppers. Last in the series.
9.00 Only Fools and Horses. Rodney aspires to be a pop star, but Del-Boy manages to ruin his chances. Guest starring DJ Mike Read. 9.40 Gavin & Stacey. Smithy worries about seeing Nessa again.
9.00 Ringside (HD). Boxing magazine, including highlights of recent bouts and interviews with the stars currently causing a stir in the ring.
9.00 Tricked (HD). Magician 9.00 2 Broke Girls (HD). New Ben Hanlin messes with series. A rumour about former footballer Robbie an incident involving a Savage’s £150,000 rock star boosts business supercar, giving him an for Max and Caroline’s expensive surprise. Plus, pop-up shop. Essex girl Amy Childs has 9.30 Drifters (HD). Meg is a shock at a teddy bear offered an internship at shop. a local radio station.
10.20 You, Me & Them. Ed makes meticulous plans for living in domestic bliss with Lauren – but Alan keeps getting in the way.
12.55 The Only Way Is Essex (R,HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex, with each episode filmed just a few days before transmission. 1.40 Tricked (R,HD). 2.30 Teleshopping. Buying goods from the comfort of home.
12.00 Men Behaving Badly. Gary and Dorothy take a weekend break at a country hotel to spice up their love life. 12.40 Men Behaving Badly. Tony tries to make Deborah jealous. 1.15 Rev 1.45 Men Behaving Badly 2.15 Just Good Friends 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping
RADIO
10.00 A League of Their 10.00 Celebrity Juice (HD). 10.00 Educating Essex (R). Own (R,S,HD). Radio 1 Holly Willoughby and a Headmaster Mr DJ Sara Cox and One guest team captain are Goddard faces one of Direction’s Harry Styles, joined by girl band Little the toughest decisions Louis Tomlinson and Mix and Geordie of his career when he Niall Horan join the comedian Chris Ramsey. has to deal with a pupil sports-based comedy Hosted by Keith Lemon. whose home life is quiz, hosted by James having a negative 10.50 Quantum of Solace Corden. impact on his academic (HD) (2008). James Bond results. sets out on a personal mission of vengeance and uncovers a plan to 11.05 How I Met Your 11.00 Gravity Movie Special cause a coup in a Latin Mother (R,HD). (S,HD). Behind the American country. Spy scenes of Alfonso 11.35 The Big Bang Theory thriller sequel, starring Cuarón’s sci-fi thriller. (R,HD). Amy is caught in Daniel Craig, Olga a conflict between 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Video Kurylenko and Mathieu Sheldon and Penny. footage of dangers on Amalric. See Choices the road. Above. ●●● 12.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Leonard accompanies Amy to her colleague’s wedding. 12.30 Happy Endings (R,HD). 1.00 Misfits (R,HD). 2.00 Educating Essex (R). 2.55 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.15 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.40 Glee (R,HD). 4.20 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Gemma Cairney 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 In New DJs We Trust 10.00 Phil Taggart Midnight The Residency: Mosca 2.00 Toddla T 4.00 Dev Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Bob Harris Country 8.00 Jo Whiley 10.00 Country to Country Festival 11.00 Nigel Ogden: The Organist Entertains 11.30 Listen to the Band Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Cop Squad (R,S,HD). The work of police officers in Cambridgeshire. 1.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. Andrew Manze and the BBCSSO continue their Vaughan Williams cycle with his Sinfonia Antartica, and perform Mozart’s Piano Concerto No 20 with Shai Wosner, as well as Tippett. 10.00 Free Thinking. A debate on whether Britain has lost touch with nature. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 Late Junction 12.30am Through the Night
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 In Our Time 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 From Our Own Correspondent 11.30 Behind the Looking Glass Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Titanium 3.00 Open Country 3.27 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 3.27 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 3.30 (LW) Bookclub 3.30 (FM) Bookclub 4.00 The Film
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). 7.10 Doctor Who (R,S). 8.00 Motorway Cops (R,S). Traffic police enforce the law on Britain’s most dangerous highways. 9.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (S). A couple from Swansea sample life away from a doting mother. Last in the series. 10.00 Live at the Apollo (R,S). Micky Flanagan introduces Jason Byrne and Seann Walsh. 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 American Dad! (S). 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). Stan becomes his boss’s adviser. 12.30 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.00 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 1.30 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 2.30 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 3.30 Some Girls (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 The Sky at Night (R). The team watches a lunar eclipse. 8.00 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R). Richard Fortey explores the KT boundary, a line across Earth that geologists believe was created when an asteroid struck the planet 65 million years ago. 9.00 Defiance (2008). Second World War drama, starring Daniel Craig and Jamie Bell. ●●● 11.05 Timeshift: When Coal Was King (R). A look at the lost world of coal mining. 12.05 Lost Horizons: The Big Bang (R). 1.05 The Sky at Night (R). 1.35 The Final Frontier? A Horizon Guide to the Universe (R). 2.35 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R).
10.00 FL72 Preview
11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.00 Ringside (HD). The quirky comic takes a surreal look at soap sagas and celebrities, subjecting them to his unique brand of scrutiny. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp
Programme 4.30 Inside Science 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 Clare in the Community 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort 8.00 Law in Action. Developments in the legal world. Presented by Joshua Rozenberg. Last in the series. 8.30 The Bottom Line 9.00 Inside Science 9.30 In Our Time 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Seekers 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 NFL – A Football Life (HD). 1.00 Live NFL (HD). Minnesota Vikings v Washington Redskins (Kick-off 1.25am). 4.30 FL72 Preview 5.30 Premier League World (HD). A round-up of the latest news surrounding the Premier League, featuring interviews with managers and players. Radio 5 Live 5.30am Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport 8.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby. Matt Dawson presents the latest rugby union news and interviews, looking ahead to the latest round of matches in the autumn internationals. 9.30 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby League 10.00 Question Time Extra Time 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 47
Wednesday television&radio Wednesday’s Television Guide TV PICKS
AMBASSADORS 9pm, BBC2
The Tazbeks rise up against their government and Davis sets out to meet the rebel leader, while an interrogator tries to find out if any staff members are spies.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (R,S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
TOO FAT TO FLY 9pm, Channel 5
The stories of obese Britons who have suffered embarrassing incidents on holiday, including a couple who were told they were too heavy to sit next to each other on a flight to Guernsey and a woman changed her lifestyle and went from a size 22 to an 8 after being ridiculed by a masseuse in Turkey.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.30 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S,HD). 7.30 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.15 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.00 The Wonder of Dogs (R,S). 10.00 Plan It, Build It (R,S). 10.30 See Hear (S). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (R,S). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). Coverage of the afternoon session of day three from the O2 in London. 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
AGATHA CHRISTIE’S POIROT 8pm, ITV
FILM 2013 11.05pm, BBC1
Movie fans can rejoice as the ever-engaging Film 2013 returns for a new series. This week’s big release is Gravity, the visually stunning sci-fi epic which sees Sandra Bullock’s grieving astronaut and George Clooney’s veteran spacewalker stranded after their shuttle is wrecked by debris.
The sleuth falls victim to depression after failing to prevent the murder of a society girl, but the search for a missing maid offers him the opportunity for redemption.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Reading, Berkshire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD). Quiz show, hosted by Bradley Walsh.
Channel Channel 4
7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond (R,S). 8.55 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA (R,S,HD). 11.00 Beat My Build (S,HD). 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary (S). 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking (S,HD). 12.35 Jamie’s 15 Minute Meals (R,S,HD). 1.10 River Cottage Bites (R,S,HD). 1.20 Film: Carry On Doctor (S) (1967). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal (S,HD). 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake!. 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Cowboy Builders (R,S). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 NCIS (R,S). An Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent is murdered. 3.15 Impact (R,S). First of a two-part disaster drama, starring David James Elliott. 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD).
Newsnight, 10.30pm
Robson’s Extreme Fishing ... 7pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 92/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). Ian Waite analyses the couples’ training.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 15/21. Homer and Marge get married for a second time. With the voice of Dan Castellaneta. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD).
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Kyle breaks up with Tamara when she admits to having feelings for Casey. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Hosted by Matt Baker and Alex Jones. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 3/20. Dinnerladies co-stars Anne Reid and Thelma Barlow take part in the challenge.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). Jai panics when he realises Sam knows the truth about Archie. 7.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Sean pleads Todd’s case with Eileen.
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S).
7.00 Robson’s Extreme Fishing Challenge (R,S,HD). The actor travels to Peru. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Watchdog, 8pm
8.00 Watchdog (S,HD). 8/8. Anne Robinson investigates the rise in pet insurance premiums and asks why some people are being told they are too old to take out a mortgage. Last in the series.
8.00 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 3/24. The four chefs from Monday’s heat who have yet to face their skills test are challenged to prepare and cook abalone, before recreating Michel Roux Jr’s Bordeaux duck breast dish.
8.00 Ben Fogle’s Animal Clinic (S,HD). Rob Pettitt operates on a young sheepdog with septic arthritis in its elbow joints and Helen Williams is called out by a farmer whose sheep have developed weight problems. Followed by 5 News at 9.
9.00 Britain on the Fiddle (S,HD). 1/3. New series. Richard Bilton exposes some of Britain’s benefits cheats, following investigators as they chase a woman who won £95,000 on a game show but carried on claiming.
9.00 Ambassadors (S,HD). 3/3. See Choices Above.
8.00 Agatha Christie’s Poirot (S,HD). 4/5. The sleuth falls victim to depression after failing to prevent the murder of a society girl by art thief Marrascaud. His confidence shattered, Poirot eventually returns to work when a lonely chauffeur begs him to find his missing soulmate, the maid of a famous Russian dancer. The investigation takes him to the Swiss Alps, where, against all odds, he stumbles upon a hotel thought to be Marrascaud’s hideout – leading to a very personal showdown. See Choices Above.
8.00 River Cottage to the Core (S,HD). 4/4. See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Grand Designs (S,HD). 10/11. Ten years ago Gil and Hillary Briffa decided to retire to southern Spain, where they planned to build a contemporary home in the Andalusian hills against the backdrop of more traditional properties.
9.00 Too Fat to Fly (S). See Choices Above.
10.00 Step Brothers (S,HD) (2008). Brennan and Dale are two 40-year-old men who have never flown the nest. All that changes when Brennan’s mother marries Dale’s father, and the spoiled sons are forced to share a room. They take an instant dislike to each other, but when their long-suffering parents finally insist they find jobs, they learn to work together. Comedy, with Will Ferrell, John C Reilly and Richard Jenkins. See Choices Above. ●●●
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10.00 The Culture Show: Wars of the Heart (S,HD). 20/32. James Runcie reveals how the experiences of the London Blitz influenced and inspired the work of writers Graham Greene, Henry Green, Elizabeth Bowen and Hilda Doolittle. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Newsflash – Stories That Stopped the World (S,HD). Behind the scenes of momentous news events.
10.00 Gogglebox (S). 7/13. Weekly TV review programme. 10.45 The Cruel Cut (S,HD). Documentary exploring the complex world of female genital mutilation, as a group of survivors campaigns against the practice, which was made illegal in the UK in 1985.
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10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S). Followed by National Lottery Update. 10.35 A Question of Sport (S,HD). 3/36. With Olympic cycling champion Chris Hoy, former boxer Joe Calzaghe, St Helens rugby league player Jon Wilkin and heptathlete Katarina Johnson-Thompson. 11.05 Film 2013 (S,HD). 1/7. See Choices Above. 11.35 Keeping Up with the Steins (S) (2006). Comedy drama, starring Daryl Sabara, Jami Gertz and Jeremy Piven. ●●
11.20 Iceland Foods: Life in the Freezer Cabinet (R,S). 3/3. Malcolm Walker relaunches the business. Last in the series.
11.35 James Nesbitt’s Ireland (R,S,HD). 7/8. The actor visits a brandy distillery in Co Cork, samples a range of fruits grown by a family from Tipperary, and meets an estate agent who specialises in the sale of castles.
11.45 Random Acts (S,HD). An uplifting short film by musical collective Ernest Endeavours. 11.50 Up All Night: Britain on Call (R,S,HD). 3/3. On the road with night workers in Manchester.
1.00 Weatherview (S). 1.05 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: See Hear (R,S). In an edition marking Remembrance Day, the programme visits the factory where the idea for the first poppy appeal began, and meets the deaf fire wardens whose bravery in the Manchester Blitz helped save lives during the worst bombing raid the city had ever seen. 12.50 This Is BBC Two (S). 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247 3.00 Film: Columbo: Strange Bedfellows (S,HD) (1995). The sleuth receives help from a gangland enforcer while investigating the deaths of a horse trainer’s brother and a Mob bookie. Crime drama, starring Peter Falk, Rod Steiger and George Wendt. ●● 4.35 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S,HD).
12.50 Drifters (S,HD). 1.15 Drifters (S,HD). 1.40 Film: A Dirty Shame (S) (2004). Comedy, starring Tracey Ullman, Johnny Knoxville, Selma Blair and Chris Isaak.●●● 3.10 Shapes (R,S). 3.15 SuperScrimpers’ Challenge (R,S,HD). 4.10 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.05 Countdown (R,S,HD). 5.50 River Cottage Bites (R,S,HD).
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12.05 The Big Game (S,HD). Highlights of a recent tournament from around the world, as a table of card-sharps aimed to scoop the big-money first prize. 1.00 SuperCasino 3.05 Benidorm ER (R,S,HD). 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
The complete outfitters for every occasion, including formal hire THE
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48 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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RIVER COTTAGE TO THE CORE 8pm, Channel 4
GOING WILD WITH THE JONESES 8pm, Sky1
TV presenter Steve Jones embarks on a week-long adventure in the Kalahari Desert with his willing brothers and their reluctant dad. The quartet stay with hunter-gatherer tribe the San Bushmen, who teach them the necessary skills to survive, such as capturing and killing wild animals.
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall rustles up plum compote, Waldorf salad and banana flapjacks, while Gill Meller and Pam Corbin make the most of rosehips.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here Now 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 The Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 The Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here Now 2.00 Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty 8.00 Charmed 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl 10.30 Suburgatory 11.00 Rules of Engagement 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks 1.00 How I Met Your Mother 2.00 The Big Bang Theory 3.00 New Girl 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 9.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Wednesday television&radio CARRY ON DOCTOR 1.20pm, Channel 4
STEP BROTHERS 10pm, Channel 5
A popular doctor is sacked after a misunderstanding ruins his reputation, so the patients campaign to get him reinstated. Comedy, with Sid James.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 The Green Green Grass 9.40 As Time Goes By 10.20 Last of the Summer Wine 11.40 The Green Green Grass 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 1.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 3.20 Last of the Summer Wine 4.40 Only Fools and Horses
Comedy, with Will Ferrell, John C Reilly, Mary Steenburgen, Richard Jenkins, Adam Scott, Kathryn Hahn, Andrea Savage and Lurie Poston.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). 11.30 Revista De La Liga (HD). 12.30 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 1.30 SPFL Round-Up (HD). 2.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 3.00 UEFA Champions League Highlights (HD). 3.15 UEFA Champions League Highlights (HD). 5.00 Football Gold (S). 5.15 Football Gold (S). 5.30 FIFA Futbol Mundial.
You’ve Been Framed!, 7pm
The Day the Earth … 8pm
Strike Back, 10pm
Live UEFA … 6pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). Mark from Middlesex chooses three blind dates. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Penny regrets her night with Raj.
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Frankie antagonises her teacher at dental school. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities.
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Including a scooterriding granny and a troublesome toy. 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R).
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). Lily and Marshall struggle to agree on baby names.
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S). Homer goes to prison. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Lisa has to share a room with Bart but finds it difficult to cope with the stress.
7.00 Porridge. The inmates hunt for a thief. 7.40 The Vicar of Dibley. Featuring a guest appearance by Kylie Minogue.
8.00 Rumor Has It (HD) (2005). An obituary writer discovers that her mother and grandmother’s affairs with the same young man decades before could have been the inspiration for the book and film The Graduate. Intrigued by the possibility, she sets off for San Francisco to find the charmer who left her relatives reeling. Rob Reiner’s romantic comedy, starring Jennifer Aniston. ●●
8.00 The Day the Earth Stood Still (HD) (2008). An alien arrives on Earth, accompanied by an awesomely powerful robot, on a fateful mission – to decide if the human race deserves to continue – and if not, to wipe it out. The visitor is imprisoned in a military facility, but a scientist helps him escape, hoping to prove that mankind is worth saving. Sci-fi, starring Keanu Reeves. ●●
8.00 Going Wild with the Joneses. See Choices Above.
8.20 Miranda. Prompted by pressure from her mother, Miranda tries to improve her career prospects, but her decision to become a waitress ends in disaster.
9.00 Karl Pilkington: The Moaning of Life (R,S,HD). Karl sets off around the world in an attempt to understand why people want children, including visits to a fertility festival in Japan and a natural birthing centre in Bali.
9.00 You, Me & Them. Ed makes meticulous plans for living in domestic bliss with Lauren – but Alan keeps getting in the way. 9.40 Mrs Brown’s Boys. Dermot announces his choice of best man for the wedding.
6.00 Live UEFA Champions League (HD). Borussia Dortmund v Arsenal (Kick-off 7.45pm). Coverage of the matchday four Group F encounter at Signal Iduna Park. Dortmund won all six of their home matches on their way to finishing as runners-up in last season’s tournament and claimed a hard-fought 2-1 victory over the Gunners in the reverse fixture 15 days ago, but Arsene Wenger’s men will be determined to avoid defeat on this occasion as they are level on six points with both their opponents and Napoli.
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Total Wipeout (R,S). 8.00 Don’t Tell the Bride (R,S). Motorbike enthusiast Luke organises his wedding. Last in the series. 9.00 Unsafe Sex in the City (S). Likely-lad Tony overcomes his fear of visiting the sexual health clinic. Last in the series. 10.00 Staying In with Greg and Russell (S). With Tinie Tempah, Joe Lycett and Dianna Agron. 10.30 Russell Howard’s Good News (R,S). 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 American Dad! (S). 12.10 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 1.10 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.40 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (R,S). 2.35 Going Native (R,S). 3.00 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 8.00 Britain by Bike (R). 8.30 What Do Artists Do All Day? A profile of ceramic artist Edmund de Waal, the author of best-selling family memoir The Hare with Amber Eyes. 9.00 Speeches That Shook the World. Examining some of the famous orations of the modern age. 10.00 Martin Luther King and the March on Washington (R). 11.00 Frozen Planet (R). 12.00 Stories from the Dark Earth: Meet the Ancestors Revisited (R). 1.00 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 1.30 What Do Artists Do All Day? (R). 2.00 Britain by Bike (R). 2.30 Speeches That Shook the World (R).
10.20 Blackadder Goes 10.00 Strike Back (R,S,HD). 10.00 UEFA Champions 10.00 The Only Way Is Essex 10.00 Misfits (HD). Abby is Forth. A stage show The team plans a heist of League Goals (HD). All (HD). Reality convinced she has finally offers Captain the Colombian stock the strikes from the programme following a met her soulmate in Blackadder a route out exchange to discover second night of group of people in Laura, and Finn is put in of the trenches, but he Al-Zuhari’s whereabouts, matchday four fixtures in Essex. an awkward position lands in hot water when while Dalton tracks Europe’s most when it becomes clear 10.50 Paranormal Activity Gen Melchett falls for down former MI6 agent prestigious club that Greg, the (HD) (2007). A couple the leading lady. First Sebastian Gray (Martin competition, including probation worker, has a move into a new house, World War comedy, with Clunes) in Beirut. Borussia Dortmund v crush on him. only to be disturbed by Rowan Atkinson. Arsenal. unexplained supernatural phenomena. They 11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.05 Made in Chelsea (R). 11.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 11.00 Sporting Heroes (HD). become convinced the The quirky comic takes a Rosie arranges a spa trip The team from the Interview with a leading property is haunted and surreal look at soap in an attempt to heal Proactive Elite Unit sportsman. set out to capture sagas and celebrities, rifts among the girls. investigates Russian evidence of their subjecting them to his scam artists, a dangerous ghostly encounters on unique brand of scrutiny. road user and a man film. Horror, with Katie riding a mini-motorbike. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp Featherston. ●●●●
RADIO
12.40 Lemon La Vida Loca (R,HD). Keith goes on his dream date. 1.20 The Vampire Diaries (R,HD). Elena reveals shocking news to Caroline and Bonnie. 2.05 Nicki Minaj: The Hot Desk (R,HD). An interview with the R’n’B star. 2.20 Teleshopping 5.50 ITV2 Nightscreen (HD).
12.10 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 12.40 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 1.10 Suburgatory (R,HD). 1.40 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.10 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.30 Bob’s Burgers (R,HD). 2.55 Being Erica (R,HD). 3.35 Glee (R,HD). 4.25 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Fearne Cotton 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 3.30 The Official Chart Update 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 My Playlist 10.00 Phil Taggart and Alice Levine Midnight Huw Stephens 2.00 Benji B Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Patrick Kielty 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 The Folk Show with Mark Radcliffe 8.00 Jo Whiley. With a live acoustic session by San Fermin. 10.00 The People’s Songs 11.00 Trevor Nelson’s Soul Show Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Cop Squad (R,S,HD). The work of police officers in Cambridgeshire. 1.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,HD). 3.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). Tackling Russian scam artists. 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 3.30 Choral Evensong 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. The CBSO, conducted by Andris Nelsons, performs Sibelius’s Violin Concerto with Valeriy Sokolov, Wagner’s Prelude to Act 1 of Lohengrin, and Brahms’ Fourth Symphony. 10.00 Free Thinking. Samira Ahmed interviews film-maker John Waters. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 Late Junction 12.30am Through the Night
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 Midweek 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 The Brown Camp 11.30 Hard to Tell Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 12.57 News and Weather 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: My Life Is a Series of People Saying Goodbye 3.00 Money Box Live 3.30 Inside Health 4.00 Thinking Allowed 4.30 The Media Show 5.00 PM 5.54
12.00 Yes, Prime Minister. After exposing Sir Humphrey’s scheme to get Britain into the euro, Jim holds a dinner to welcome the Kumranistan foreign secretary. 12.40 Rev 1.15 Rev 1.45 Men Behaving Badly 2.15 Just Good Friends 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping (LW) Shipping 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 Tom Wrigglesworth’s Hang-Ups 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort 8.00 The Moral Maze 8.45 Four Thought 9.00 Costing the Earth. A man who is determined to rid the world of plastic and polystyrene. 9.30 Midweek. Presented by Libby Purves. 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Before They Were Famous 11.15 Irish Micks and Legends 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). All the strikes from the second night of matchday four fixtures. 1.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 2.00 FIFA Futbol Mundial 2.30 Football Gold (S). 2.45 Football Gold (S). 3.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 4.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). Radio 5 Live 5.00am Morning Reports 5.30 Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport 7.45 5 Live Sport: Champions League Football 2013-14. Commentary on one of tonight’s matches, as the group stage continues with Chelsea v Schalke 04, Borussia Dortmund v Arsenal and Ajax v Celtic. 10.30 Phil Williams 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 49
Thursday television&radio Thursday’s Television Guide TV PICKS
TRUCKERS 9pm, BBC1
DON’T PANIC – THE TRUTH ABOUT POPULATION 9pm, BBC2
Glen feels guilty after cheating on his girlfriend and decides to be more responsible. But in his attempts to get his life in order, he only makes it worse.
Statistician Hans Rosling uses state-of-the-art 3D graphics to paint a portrait of a quickly changing world, arguing that the problems of rapid population growth and extreme poverty are beginning to be conquered. Part of the This World strand.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (S,HD). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (R,S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.35 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 7.35 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.20 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.05 The Ottomans: Europe’s Muslim Emperors (R,S). 10.05 Plan It, Build It (R,S). 10.35 HARDtalk (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (R,S). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
BREATHLESS 9pm, ITV
BOUNCERS 10pm, Channel 4
Elizabeth loses control of the situation with Mulligan, Angela succumbs to her feelings for Otto, Margaret has exploratory surgery and Charlie receives a job opportunity.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S,HD). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Darwen, Lancashire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD). Quiz show, hosted by Bradley Walsh.
Following the work of door staff along Queen Street in Colchester, Essex, including a novice bouncer on a mission to change people’s perceptions of his profession, and Head doorman Curtis and colleague Jamie have 30 years of experience between them, and keep their doors safe with a lot of know-how.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The Hoobs 7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond 9.00 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA 11.00 Beat My Build 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking 12.40 Jamie’s 15 Minute Meals 1.15 Film: That Touch of Mink (S) (1962). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake!. 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Robson’s Extreme Fishing Challenge (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist 3.15 Impact (R,S). Conclusion. The scientists join astronauts on an Earthsaving mission into space. 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD). Kate helps Sheila overcome her fears.
Mock the Week – Again, 10pm
Emmerdale, 8pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 93/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). A look ahead to the weekend’s action.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 16/21. Moe joins an online dating agency. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). The hostage situation continues to escalate.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Jett and John disrupt Marilyn’s date with Winston. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Topical stories from around the UK. 7.30 EastEnders (S,HD). Bianca’s new boyfriend has a surprise for the Butchers. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 4/20. Actors Simon Williams and Duncan Preston compete.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). Priya thinks she might be pregnant, and Bernice is taken aback to see Jimmy with her bra. 7.30 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (S,HD).
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S,HD).
7.00 Police Interceptors (R,S,HD). Dougie and Mark chase a serial offender on foot. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Question Time, 10.35pm
8.00 Waterloo Road (S,HD). 10/20. Christine and Simon clash over how best to deal with a bullied pupil – just as they vie for the role of head – and the Barrys are torn apart when Kacey’s boxing fund is stolen. Last episode in the current run.
8.00 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 4/24. Six chefs battle it out in the quarter-final, demonstrating a dish of their own invention before four of them go on to prepare two courses for a panel of food critics.
8.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). David is left reeling after Priya says her potential pregnancy isn’t his problem. 8.30 Britain’s Secret Treasures (S,HD). 4/8. A look at important artefacts found by members of the public in Northern Ireland.
8.00 George Clarke’s Amazing Spaces (S,HD). 3/9. The architect meets a carpenter who wants to turn a 30-yearold double-decker bus into a luxury holiday retreat, and a couple using their life savings to design a boat hotel.
8.00 Benidorm ER (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Truckers (S,HD). 5/5. See Choices Above.
9.00 Don’t Panic – The Truth About Population (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 Breathless (S,HD). 5/6. See Choices Above.
9.00 Bedlam (S,HD). 2/4. The documentary follows staff and patients at Lambeth Hospital in south London, which has pioneered the use of short-stay emergency wards for patients in crisis.
9.00 Wife Slayer: Countdown to Murder (S,HD). 5/6. Docudrama using witness testimony, crime reports, forensic evidence and expert commentary to examine the events that led Brian Lewis to murder his partner Hayley Jones in 2007.
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10.00 Mock the Week – Again (R,S). 9/12. An edition of the comedy show from September 2012, with Greg Davies, Jo Caulfield and Gary Delaney joining Hugh Dennis, Andy Parsons and Chris Addison. Dara O Briain hosts. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 The Jonathan Ross Show (R,S,HD). 4/10. The host is joined by Paul Hollywood from The Great British Bake Off, actor and comedian Steve Coogan, Jonathan Rhys Meyers (The Tudors) and Pet Shop Boys, who provide the music.
10.00 Bouncers (S). 1/3. See Choices Above.
10.00 Person of Interest (S,HD). 3/22. The daughter of a Brazilian diplomat is targeted by kidnappers, while Carter suspects that Snow made a post-mortem incision into Corwin’s body and removed something.
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10
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Question Time (S,HD). 9/38. David Dimbleby chairs a debate from Boston, Lincolnshire, with panellists including Ukip leader Nigel Farage facing questions from the audience.
11.35 This Week (S). Andrew Neil introduces a round-table chat, in which he, Michael Portillo and Alan Johnson take a lighthearted romp through the political and parliamentary developments of the past seven days.
11.20 World’s Busiest Maternity Ward (R,S,HD). Anita Rani visits the Dr Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital in the Philippine capital Manila.
11.40 Wild Britain with Ray Mears (R,S,HD). 5/10. The survival expert takes a trip down the River Wye, where he observes the sea lamprey, sand martins tending their young and all three species of British wagtail.
11.05 999: What’s Your Emergency? (R,S,HD). 5/6. Paramedics across Britain treat patients over the age of 65, who account for two thirds of all ambulance calls every year.
11.00 Law & Order: Criminal Intent (S,HD). 8/8. Last-ever episode. Twin brothers are found dead in the offices of a successful internet dating website, and Goren attends his final therapy session. Last in the series.
12.20 Holiday Weatherview (S). 12.25 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: After Savile: No More Secrets? – Panorama (R,S).In other countries, evidence of child abuse must be reported to the authorities. But that is not the case in Britain, where turning a blind eye to such behaviour in a school, hospital or church is not a crime. 12.50 This Is BBC Two (S). Preview of upcoming programmes from BBC Two. 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247. Viewers are offered the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (R,S,HD). 3.25 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S).
12.10 One Born Every Minute 1.05 Random Acts 1.10 Embarrassing Bodies: The Man with Half a Face 2.05 Energy Bills Exposed: Channel 4 Dispatches 2.30 Unreported World 3.00 Jungle Special: Inside Nature’s Giants 3.55 SuperScrimpers’ Challenge (R,S,HD). 4.50 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.40 Countdown
12.00 SuperCasino. Viewers get the chance to take part in live interactive gaming, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.05 Bomb Patrol (S,HD). 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
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50 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
BENIDORM ER 8pm, Channel 5
TROLLIED 9pm, Sky1
A Lancashire pensioner is admitted after falling off a toilet and landing on a metal pipe, and a father brings in his four-year-old daughter with a suspected dislocated elbow.
The latest series of the sitcom draws to a close with a double bill. Julie is worried about the drop in customers since the makeover as she and Richard prepare for the supermarket awards. Meanwhile, recent events have knocked the stuffing out of Gavin, who is a shadow of his former self.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 Coronation Street 6.55 You’ve Been Framed! 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 Coronation Street 1.30 You’ve Been Framed! 2.00 The Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 The Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty 8.00 Charmed 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl 10.30 Suburgatory 11.00 Rules of Engagement 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks 1.00 How I Met Your Mother 2.00 The Big Bang Theory 3.00 New Girl 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Thursday television&radio THAT TOUCH OF MINK 1.15pm, Channel 4
QUANTUM OF SOLACE 10.50pm, ITV2
A sophisticated millionaire businessman goes in passionate pursuit of a strait-laced secretary. Comedy, starring Cary Grant.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 Green Green Grass 9.40 As Time Goes By 10.20 Last of the Summer Wine 11.40 Porridge. 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles. 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 3.20 The Vicar of Dibley 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 One Foot in the Grave
Spy thriller sequel, starring Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Judi Dench, Gemma Arterton and Mathieu Amalric.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). India v West Indies. 11.30 Football Gold (S). 11.45 Football Gold (S). 12.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 1.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 2.00 Sporting Heroes (HD). Interview with a leading sportsman. 3.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 4.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 5.00 FIFA Futbol Mundial. 5.30 Premier League World (HD).
Celebrity Juice, 10pm
Yes, Prime Minister, 8.20pm
The Rugby Club, 8pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). A man from London takes part in the dating show. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Rusty moves some stolen furniture into the Hecks’ garage. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities. 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
6.00 Ringside (HD).
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill narrates another selection of camcorder calamities.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). The villagers deal with the tragic repercussions of the hostage situation. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). Bart discovers a passion for American history. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Bart buys a rare comic.
7.00 Porridge. Fletch sorts out Godber’s love life. 7.40 Blackadder Goes Forth. Captain Blackadder organises a stage show.
7.00 FL72 Preview. A look ahead to the latest round of fixtures in the Championship, League One and League Two.
8.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill comedy capers include a group of workmen messing about.
8.00 Suburgatory (HD). Tessa worries she has lost her cool persona. 8.30 The Big Bang Theory (HD). Leonard and Sheldon go through an adjustment period. Johnny Galecki stars.
8.00 Modern Family (R,S,HD). Phil takes the family on a road trip in his new motor home. Comedy, starring Ty Burrell and Ed O’Neill. 8.30 Modern Family (R,S,HD).
8.20 Yes, Prime Minister. Sir Humphrey’s pro-Euro scheme seems to have failed, but some embarrassing expenses claims may provide a means to salvage his plan.
8.00 The Rugby Club (HD). Alex Payne rounds up the latest domestic rugby union action, hearing from the players in the news and finding out how the game is developing at grass-roots level.
9.00 Trollied (S,HD). See Choices Above. 9.30 Trollied (S,HD). Richard gets some of the staff to pose as shoppers. Last in the series.
9.00 Only Fools and Horses. Rodney aspires to be a pop star, but Del-Boy manages to ruin his chances. Guest starring DJ Mike Read. 9.40 Gavin & Stacey. Smithy worries about seeing Nessa again.
9.00 Ringside (HD). Boxing magazine, including highlights of recent bouts and interviews with the stars currently causing a stir in the ring.
9.00 Tricked (HD). Magician 9.00 2 Broke Girls (HD). New Ben Hanlin messes with series. A rumour about former footballer Robbie an incident involving a Savage’s £150,000 rock star boosts business supercar, giving him an for Max and Caroline’s expensive surprise. Plus, pop-up shop. Essex girl Amy Childs has 9.30 Drifters (HD). Meg is a shock at a teddy bear offered an internship at shop. a local radio station.
10.20 You, Me & Them. Ed makes meticulous plans for living in domestic bliss with Lauren – but Alan keeps getting in the way.
12.55 The Only Way Is Essex (R,HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex, with each episode filmed just a few days before transmission. 1.40 Tricked (R,HD). 2.30 Teleshopping. Buying goods from the comfort of home.
12.00 Men Behaving Badly. Gary and Dorothy take a weekend break at a country hotel to spice up their love life. 12.40 Men Behaving Badly. Tony tries to make Deborah jealous. 1.15 Rev 1.45 Men Behaving Badly 2.15 Just Good Friends 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping
RADIO
10.00 A League of Their 10.00 Celebrity Juice (HD). 10.00 Educating Essex (R). Own (R,S,HD). Radio 1 Holly Willoughby and a Headmaster Mr DJ Sara Cox and One guest team captain are Goddard faces one of Direction’s Harry Styles, joined by girl band Little the toughest decisions Louis Tomlinson and Mix and Geordie of his career when he Niall Horan join the comedian Chris Ramsey. has to deal with a pupil sports-based comedy Hosted by Keith Lemon. whose home life is quiz, hosted by James having a negative 10.50 Quantum of Solace Corden. impact on his academic (HD) (2008). James Bond results. sets out on a personal mission of vengeance and uncovers a plan to 11.05 How I Met Your 11.00 Gravity Movie Special cause a coup in a Latin Mother (R,HD). (S,HD). Behind the American country. Spy scenes of Alfonso 11.35 The Big Bang Theory thriller sequel, starring Cuarón’s sci-fi thriller. (R,HD). Amy is caught in Daniel Craig, Olga a conflict between 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Video Kurylenko and Mathieu Sheldon and Penny. footage of dangers on Amalric. See Choices the road. Above. ●●● 12.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Leonard accompanies Amy to her colleague’s wedding. 12.30 Happy Endings (R,HD). 1.00 Misfits (R,HD). 2.00 Educating Essex (R). 2.55 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.15 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.40 Glee (R,HD). 4.20 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Gemma Cairney 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 In New DJs We Trust 10.00 Phil Taggart Midnight The Residency: Mosca 2.00 Toddla T 4.00 Dev Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Bob Harris Country 8.00 Jo Whiley 10.00 Country to Country Festival 11.00 Nigel Ogden: The Organist Entertains 11.30 Listen to the Band Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Cop Squad (R,S,HD). The work of police officers in Cambridgeshire. 1.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. Andrew Manze and the BBCSSO continue their Vaughan Williams cycle with his Sinfonia Antartica, and perform Mozart’s Piano Concerto No 20 with Shai Wosner, as well as Tippett. 10.00 Free Thinking. A debate on whether Britain has lost touch with nature. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 Late Junction 12.30am Through the Night
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 In Our Time 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 From Our Own Correspondent 11.30 Behind the Looking Glass Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Titanium 3.00 Open Country 3.27 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 3.27 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 3.30 (LW) Bookclub 3.30 (FM) Bookclub 4.00 The Film
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). 7.10 Doctor Who (R,S). 8.00 Motorway Cops (R,S). Traffic police enforce the law on Britain’s most dangerous highways. 9.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (S). A couple from Swansea sample life away from a doting mother. Last in the series. 10.00 Live at the Apollo (R,S). Micky Flanagan introduces Jason Byrne and Seann Walsh. 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 American Dad! (S). 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). Stan becomes his boss’s adviser. 12.30 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.00 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 1.30 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 2.30 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 3.30 Some Girls (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 The Sky at Night (R). The team watches a lunar eclipse. 8.00 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R). Richard Fortey explores the KT boundary, a line across Earth that geologists believe was created when an asteroid struck the planet 65 million years ago. 9.00 Defiance (2008). Second World War drama, starring Daniel Craig and Jamie Bell. ●●● 11.05 Timeshift: When Coal Was King (R). A look at the lost world of coal mining. 12.05 Lost Horizons: The Big Bang (R). 1.05 The Sky at Night (R). 1.35 The Final Frontier? A Horizon Guide to the Universe (R). 2.35 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R).
10.00 FL72 Preview
11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.00 Ringside (HD). The quirky comic takes a surreal look at soap sagas and celebrities, subjecting them to his unique brand of scrutiny. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp
Programme 4.30 Inside Science 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 Clare in the Community 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort 8.00 Law in Action. Developments in the legal world. Presented by Joshua Rozenberg. Last in the series. 8.30 The Bottom Line 9.00 Inside Science 9.30 In Our Time 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Seekers 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 NFL – A Football Life (HD). 1.00 Live NFL (HD). Minnesota Vikings v Washington Redskins (Kick-off 1.25am). 4.30 FL72 Preview 5.30 Premier League World (HD). A round-up of the latest news surrounding the Premier League, featuring interviews with managers and players. Radio 5 Live 5.30am Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport 8.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby. Matt Dawson presents the latest rugby union news and interviews, looking ahead to the latest round of matches in the autumn internationals. 9.30 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby League 10.00 Question Time Extra Time 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 51
Fr iday Television television&radio Friday’s Guide TV PICKS
HAVE I GOT NEWS FOR YOU 9pm, BBC1
GREATEST KIDS’ TV SHOWS 9pm, Channel 5
Alexander Armstrong takes to the host’s chair, with Ian Hislop and Paul Merton joined by MEP Godfrey Bloom and TV presenter Victoria Coren Mitchell.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (S,HD). 1.00 News (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S). 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
Countdown of the 50 best-loved British children’s TV shows, looking back on a host of hugely popular programmes including Blue Peter, Bagpuss, Captain Pugwash, Going Live, Tiswas and Peppa Pig. Featuring contributions by many of the famous faces involved, including Phillip Schofield and Chris Tarrant.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.30 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S,HD). 7.30 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.15 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.00 Sign Zone: Flog It! Trade Secrets (R,S). 10.00 Question Time (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (S). Darcy the antelope runs away. 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
THE NATION’S FAVOURITE ELVIS SONG 9pm, ITV
MAN DOWN 9.30pm, Channel 4
Brian introduces Dan to a guru with a secret so powerful he can only tell it to one person at a time, which keeps the teacher completely mesmerised. Meanwhile, unexpected visitors in the classroom and an extreme wake-up call from his dad stand in the way of Dan getting his life back on track.
A countdown of the King’s 20 greatest hits. There’s also a rare interview with Elvis’s ex-wife Priscilla Presley and stories from a host of songwriters.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Ironbridge, Shropshire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. Presented by Alan Titchmarsh. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD).
Channel Channel 4
6.25 The Treacle People (R,S). 6.35 The Hoobs (R,S). 7.05 According to Jim (R,S,HD). 7.30 Will & Grace (R,S). 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond (R,S). 9.00 Frasier (R,S). 10.00 Undercover Boss USA (R,S,HD). 11.00 Beat My Build (S,HD). 12.00 News Summary (S). 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking (S,HD). 12.35 River Cottage Bites (S,HD). 12.50 Film: Escape to Athena (S,HD) (1979). ●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal (S,HD). 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake! 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Construction Squad: Operation Homefront (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist (R,S). 3.15 Film: Meltdown: Days of Destruction (S) (2006). Premiere. Thriller, starring Casper Van Dien. ●● 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD).
Gardeners’ World, 8.30pm
Off the Beaten Track, 8pm
8 Out of 10 Cats, 9pm
The Mentalist, 2.20pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 94/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). A look ahead to tomorrow’s live show.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 17/21. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). The villagers deal with the tragic repercussions of the hostage situation.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Zac’s nephew Oscar calls from the lodge asking for help. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Hosted by Chris Evans and Alex Jones. 7.30 A Question of Sport (R,S,HD). With Chris Hoy and Joe Calzaghe. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5/20. Colin Baker and Peter Purves take part in the challenge.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). David finds out Priya definitely is pregnant. 7.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Hayley gets a shock when she visits the hospice to see Jane.
7.00 News (S). 7.30 Unreported World (S). 6/8. How political unrest has affected Egypt’s tourism industry. 7.55 4thought.tv (S).
7.00 Chris Tarrant Goes Fishing (S). Salmon fishing on the Baronscourt Estate in Co Tyrone. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Room 101, 8.30pm
8.00 EastEnders (S,HD). The thought of lying in court has Ian in a panic, so he visits Carl to try to get out of their agreement. 8.30 Room 101 (R,S,HD). 5/8. With Alistair McGowan, Hilary Devey and Josh Groban.
8.00 Mastermind (S,HD). 12/31. Specialist subjects include Star Trek and the rugby union world cup. 8.30 Gardeners’ World (S,HD). 30/31. Joe Swift visits the garden of Wayne and Gerardine Hemingway.
8.00 Off the Beaten Track (S,HD). 2/6. Christine Bleakley visits Dedham Vale on the EssexSuffolk border. 8.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Todd is ordered out of the Bistro by Nick.
8.00 Marvel’s Agents of SHIELD (S,HD). 6/22. When floating corpses appear, Coulson and the agents must hunt down an elusive killer in an investigation where nobody is safe. Comicbook drama, starring Clark Gregg.
8.00 Stobart: Trucks, Trains & Planes (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Have I Got News for You (S,HD). 6/11. See Choices Above. 9.30 Citizen Khan (S,HD). 6/6. Mr Khan is eager to appear in a video for the mosque. Last in the series.
9.00 Cold War, Hot Jets (S,HD). 1/2. Part one of two. James Holland examines how the development of the jet engine resulted in Britain acquiring a world-leading aviation industry during the Cold War.
9.00 The Nation’s Favourite Elvis Song (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 8 Out of 10 Cats (S,HD). 6/9. Jimmy Carr hosts the comedy panel show. 9.30 Man Down (S,HD). 4/6. See Choices Above.
9.00 Greatest Kids’ TV Shows (S). Countdown of the 50 bestloved British children’s TV shows, looking back on a host of hugely popular programmes including Blue Peter, Bagpuss, Captain Pugwash, Going Live, Tiswas and Peppa Pig. Featuring contributions by many of the famous faces involved, including Phillip Schofield, Chris Tarrant, John Craven, Christopher Biggins, Dani Harmer, Phyllida Law, Morwenna Banks, Helen Skelton, Johnny Ball, Peter Purves and Valerie Singleton, as well as cast members from Grange Hill and Sylvia Anderson, who was the voice of Lady Penelope in Thunderbirds. See Choices Above.
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10.00 QI (S,HD). 10/18. See Choices Above. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD).
10.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
10.00 Alan Carr: Chatty Man (S,HD). 11/18. Robin Thicke talks to the host and performs his latest single, Paul O’Grady discusses his new chat show, and Jack Whitehall is joined by his father Michael to promote their book.
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10
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S). Followed by National Lottery Update. 10.35 The Graham Norton Show (S,HD). 5/20. With Lady Gaga, Jude Law, June Brown and Greg Davies.
11.20 Bluestone 42 (S,HD). 4/8. Nick tries to prove to Mary that he is not superstitious. 11.50 The 13th Warrior (S) (1999). See Choices Above. ●●●
11.00 Weather (S). 11.05 Later with Jools Holland (S,HD). 8/8. Extended edition. With the Killers, Chase and Status, Boy George, Jimmy Webb and Justin Currie. Last in the series.
11.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 11.05 Wanted (S,HD) (2008). A man joins a secret society of superpowered assassins that kills people destined to commit acts of evil. Action adventure, starring James McAvoy. ●●●
11.05 Stand Up for the Week (S,HD). 2/8. Paul Chowdhry hosts the satirical comedy show. 11.55 Was It Something I Said? (S,HD). 5/8. Extended edition, with guests Robert Webb and Miles Jupp.
1.30 Weatherview (S). 1.35 BBC News (S,HD).
12.10 Film: Spider (S) (2002). A schizophrenic pieces together the traumatic childhood events that led to his condition. David Cronenberg’s psychological thriller, starring Ralph Fiennes and Miranda Richardson. ●●●● 1.45 Sign Zone: Question Time (R,S). 2.45 Sign Zone: The Paradise (R,S,HD). 3.45 This Is BBC Two (S).
1.00 Jackpot247 Viewers get the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with a mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 Film: Columbo: Death Hits the Jackpot (S,HD) (1991). Detective drama, with Peter Falk and Rip Torn. ●●● 4.40 ITV Nightscreen (HD). Text-based information service.
12.40 Gogglebox (R,S). 1.25 Random Acts (S). 1.30 Film: Greenberg (S,HD) (2010). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.15 The Big C (S,HD). 3.45 2 Broke Girls (S,HD). 4.10 Don’t Trust the B**** in Apartment 23 (S,HD). 4.30 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.25 Kirstie’s Vintage Gems (R,S,HD). 5.30 Countdown (R,S,HD).
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after
12
12.00 SuperCasino Viewers get the chance to take part in live interactive gaming, with a mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.05 Criminals: Caught on Camera (R,S,HD). 3.55 Motorsport Mundial (HD). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
The complete outfitters for every occasion, including formal hire THE
TALL
SMALL
52 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
STOBART: TRUCKS, TRAINS & PLANES 8pm, Channel 5
QI 10pm, BBC2
The return of the programme about the haulage company. Ashley Maddocks and Craig Garside go head to head with drivers from Ice Road Truckers at Truckfest Scotland.
ITV2 ITV2 6.00 Emmerdale (R,HD). 6.55 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.25 Up All Night (R,HD). 7.50 Ben and Kate (R,HD). 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 8.40 Dinner Date (R,HD). 9.40 The Real Housewives of New York City (R,HD). 10.35 The Real Housewives of Orange County (R,HD). 11.30 Big Rich Texas (R,HD). 12.30 Emmerdale (R,HD). 1.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 2.00 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R). 4.10 The Real Housewives of Orange County (R,HD). 5.05 Big Rich Texas (R,HD).
South Shields comedienne Sarah Millican and Salford stand-up Jason Manford are joining in the fun on Stephen Fry’s irreverent, intelligent quiz tonight. QI frequent flier Bill Bailey represents the south-west, with the ever-present Essex boy Alan Davies in for the south-east.
E4 E4 6.00 Switched (R). 6.25 90210 (R,HD). 7.10 Ugly Betty (R,HD). 8.00 Charmed (R). 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl (R,HD). 10.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 11.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks (R,HD). 1.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 2.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 3.00 New Girl (R,HD). 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 The Simpsons (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Friday television&radio THE 13TH WARRIOR 11.50pm, BBC1
GREENBERG 1.30am, Channel 4
A nobleman joins forces with Norse warriors to fight a shadowy band of attackers at the end of the first millennium. Adventure, starring Antonio Banderas.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 The Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 As Time Goes By 9.40 Last of the Summer Wine 11.00 One Foot in the Grave 11.40 Porridge 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 Only Fools and Horses.
Comedy drama, with Ben Stiller, Rhys Ifans, Greta Gerwig, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Brie Larson, Juno Temple, Chris Messina and Susan Traylor.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 7.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 8.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 9.00 FL72 Preview 10.00 The Rugby Club (HD). 11.00 Ringside (HD). 12.00 NFL (HD). 1.00 Football 3.00 The Rugby Club (HD). Rugby union magazine. 4.00 FL72 Preview A look ahead to the latest round of fixtures. 5.00 NFL (HD).
I’m a Celebrity … 8pm
2 Broke Girls, 8.30pm
The Fantasy … 6.30pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). Londoner Luan chooses three blind dates. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Penny arranges a date for Raj. 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Axl and Sue are teamed up on a school project. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S). The nuclear plant is sold.
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities. 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
6.00 Champions League Weekly (HD). A look back at matchday four. 6.30 The Fantasy Football Club (HD).
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Camcorder clips, including a flying lawnmower.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). Cindy, Lindsey and Mercedes work together to keep their grim secret hidden. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S). Barney gives up alcohol. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). With the voices of Melanie Griffith and Larry Hagman.
7.00 Gavin & Stacey. Smithy worries about seeing Nessa again. 7.40 You, Me & Them. Alan gets in the way of Ed’s plans for domestic bliss.
8.00 I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here Now: Golden Moments (R). Highlights of the first 12 series.
8.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Leonard and Sheldon go through an adjustment period. 8.30 2 Broke Girls (R,HD). The business is boosted by a rumour involving a rock star.
8.00 Football’s Funniest Moments (R,S,HD). A look back at comical incidents from the world of Premier League football, including interviews with players and pundits.
8.20 Porridge. The inmates take advantage of the relaxed atmosphere – and of Barrowclough – with Mackay away on holiday.
7.30 Live Victory Shield Football (HD). England v Northern Ireland (kickoff 7.35pm). All the action from the latest match of the tournament for under-16s sides, which takes place at Dean Court, Bournemouth. This is England’s second fixture in a competition they have become accustomed to winning in recent years.
9.00 Quantum of Solace (HD) (2008). James Bond sets out on a personal mission of vengeance as he pursues the secret criminal organisation Quantum. His search leads him to the head of an ecological corporation, who is plotting to orchestrate a coup in a Latin American country to get his hands on a precious natural resource. Spy thriller sequel, starring Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Judi Dench, Gemma Arterton and Mathieu Amalric. Including FYI Daily. ●●●
9.00 Shooter (HD) (2007). A 9.00 A League of Their 9.00 The Royle Family. Dave 9.30 The Fantasy Football former Marine sniper is Own: Best Bits (S,HD). grows a goatee beard Club (HD). John Fendley coaxed back into action James Corden presents and the Royles throw a and Paul Merson present when government out-takes from series party to celebrate baby a discussion on key officials need his help to seven of the comedy David’s christening. fantasy football issues, as prevent an assassination quiz, featuring team well as the weekend’s 9.40 The Royle Family at attempt on the US captains Jamie Redknapp Premier League matches. Christmas. The Royles president. However, the and Andrew “Freddie” watch Rolf Harris on the intended target is in fact Flintoff, plus regular box. an African archbishop, panellist Jack Whitehall. and the marksman is set 10.20 Come Fly with Me. 10.00 Karl Pilkington: The 10.30 Premier League up by double-crossing Taaj Manzoor bumps Moaning of Life Preview (HD). A look agents to take the fall, into Harry Potter star (R,S,HD). Karl sets off ahead to the weekend’s forcing him to go on the Rupert Grint, and Great around the world in an fixtures, which include run as he fights to clear British Air’s snobbiest attempt to understand Manchester United v his name. Action thriller, employee is forced to why people want Arsenal, Sunderland v with Mark Wahlberg, deal with passengers children, including visits Manchester City and Michael Pena and Danny from the lower classes. to a fertility festival in Southampton v Hull City. Glover. ●●● Japan and a natural birthing centre in Bali. 11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.00 Trollied (R,S,HD). 11.00 Champions League The quirky comic takes a Weekly (HD). 11.30 Trollied (R,S,HD). surreal look at soap Richard gets some of the 11.30 Victory Shield Football sagas and celebrities, staff to pose as shoppers. (HD). England v Northern subjecting them to his Last in the series. Ireland. unique brand of scrutiny. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
1.25 The Vampire Diaries (R,HD). As a winter wonderland-themed party fills the streets of Mystic Falls, Stefan and Caroline find themselves at odds with Tyler over his plans for Klaus and his hybrids. 2.10 Usher: The Hot Desk (R,HD). 2.25 Teleshopping 5.55 ITV2 Nightscreen
12.00 Film: The Last Samurai (2003). Adventure, starring Tom Cruise. ●●●● 2.55 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.45 Futurama: Welcome to the World of Tomorrow (R,S). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
RADIO
11.10 2 Fast 2 Furious (HD) 11.35 The Big Bang Theory (2003). A disgraced cop (R,HD). Raj feels upset is given a chance to about not being in a redeem himself by going relationship, so Penny undercover to bring a sets out to find a date drug trafficker to justice. and introduces him to a Thriller, with Paul girl he can actually talk Walker. ●● to. 12.05 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 12.35 Drifters (R,HD). 1.10 PhoneShop (R). 1.40 Noel Fielding’s Luxury Comedy (R,HD). 2.15 Chris Moyles’ Quiz Night (R,HD). 2.55 Full English (R,HD). 3.20 Show and Tell (R). 4.00 Glee (R,HD). 4.45 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Gemma Cairney 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Huw Stephens 4.00 Greg James 6.00 Radio 1’s Dance Anthems with Greg James 7.00 Annie Mac 9.00 Pete Tong 11.00 Skream and Benga 1.00am Radio 1’s Essential Mix 3.00 Annie Nightingale Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Desmond Carrington: The Music Goes Round 8.00 Friday Night Is Music Night 10.00 The Radio 2 Arts Show with Claudia Winkleman Midnight Huey Morgan 3.00 Richard Allinson
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. The BBC Philharmonic, conducted by Gianandrea Noseda, performs Verdi’s Overture to Nabucco, Bruch’s Violin Concerto with Renaud Capuçon, and Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony. 10.00 Free Thinking. Patrick Ness and Charles Fernyhough discuss the development of memories. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 World on 3 1.00am Through the Night
12.00 Men Behaving Badly Gary digs himself into a hole with a drunken proposal, and Tony spies on Deborah. 12.40 The Royle Family 1.15 The Royle Family at Christmas 1.45 Come Fly with Me 2.15 Men Behaving Badly 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 Desert Island Discs 9.45 (LW) Act of Worship 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 Electric News: The World’s First Radio Station 11.30 The Gobetweenies Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 12.52 The Listening Project 12.57 Weather 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Moving Music 3.00 Gardeners’ Question Time 3.45 Edinburgh Haunts
4.00 Last Word 4.30 Feedback 4.56 The Listening Project 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 The News Quiz 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 (LW) Petite Mort 7.45 (FM) Petite Mort 8.00 Any Questions? Political debate and discussion in Glasgow. 8.50 A Point of View 9.00 Friday Drama: A Slow Air 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 A Good Read 11.30 Today in Parliament 11.55 The Listening Project Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). 7.10 Atlantis (R,S). Hercules visits a witch in an attempt to win Medusa’s heart. 8.00 Snog, Marry, Avoid? (R,S). A tan-lover from Merseyside. 8.30 Snog, Marry, Avoid? (R,S). A pole-dancing Essex girl. 9.00 Streetdance (S) (2010). Drama, starring Nichola Burley. ●●● 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). Ian tries to get out of his agreement with Carl. 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 Fuzzbox (S). 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). Stan meets an old flame. 12.35 American Dad! (R,S). 12.55 American Dad! (R,S). 1.20 American Dad! (R,S). 1.40 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 2.10 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 2.40 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 3.35 Fuzzbox (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 Symphony (R). Classical music in the rapidly changing world of the 20th century. Last in the series. 8.30 Sacred Music: The Story of Allegri’s Miserere (R). Featuring a performance of the choral work by the Sixteen. 9.00 Elvis Costello: Mystery Dance. A profile of the singer-songwriter. 10.00 Later Presents – Elvis Costello in Concert (R). 11.00 Blondie: One Way or Another (R). Profile of the pop group fronted by singer Debbie Harry. 12.10 Guitar Heroes at the BBC (R). 1.10 Elvis Costello: Mystery Dance (R). 2.10 Later Presents – Elvis Costello in Concert (R). 3.15 Sacred Music: The Story of Allegri’s Miserere (R).
1.30 Premier League Preview (HD). 2.00 The Fantasy Football Club (HD). 3.00 Champions League Weekly (HD). 3.30 Premier League Preview (HD). 4.00 Victory Shield Football (HD).
Radio 5 Live 5.30am Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Kermode and Mayo’s Film Review 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport. Dan Walker presents the day’s sports news and previews the weekend’s action, including football debate with Peter Schmeichel, Jonathan Northcroft and Robbie Savage. 9.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Racing 10.00 Stephen Nolan 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Bob Jones
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 53
Puzzles and poetry
poem David Prowse
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TURNING THE TABLES Three cheers for Greater Manchester, they’ve started something new, An innovation worthy of acclaim, A playground park reserved for those of sixty years or more, Perhaps it’s time that others did the same.
We won’t be getting high on drugs but still they’ll play a part As we discuss our ailments and our ills, Comparing miscellaneous pains as though to win a prize For the most impressive multitude of pills.
Just a nook for gentle exercise, a stretching of the limbs With more long-johns than lycra, I should think, No skate-board ramps or sand-pits, no climbing frames or swings But enough to keep our muscles in the pink.
We’ll spend ages on our mobiles sending imbecilic texts And chatting when we’ve nothing much to say, Making plans in secret for the parties we shall hold When the young ones have a night or two away.
In this turning of the tables, we’ll adopt the ways of youth And respond to every question with a shrug, Blowing bubbles through our dentures as we chew upon our gum While looking round for hoodies we could mug.
Come, join me in the playground on the dot of nine o‘clock When the cold air makes it good to be alive, Knee-bends, assorted push-ups, then it’s running on the spot .... And at ten, the paramedics will arrive.
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For book enquiries, ring 01752600366.
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We’ll drink a lot and swear a lot and, every Friday night, We’ll infiltrate the night-clubs and the bars, Menacing the dee-jays and insisting on a waltz Instead of all that rubbish with guitars.
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chess Bob Jones Scrabble, poker etc making them more accessible to a viewing public. Their ultimate goal is to have 12 festivals happening every year – four in Europe, four in North America and four across Asia and the rest of the World. They have events planned for Las Vegas and Prague in December but much nearer to home is one to be held at Plymouth Guildhall on November 16-17 involving a range of games including chess. Visit their website (mindsportsinternational.com) to find out more. The 14th Senior Congress at the Royal Beacon Hotel, Exmouth, starts a week on Monday. Entries are filling up fast, but there is still space for a few latecomers. For details contact me on 01395-223340. Here is a game by the winner of last year’s Bournemouth Congress. White: David Howell. Black: Francis Rayner English Opening [A34] 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nc3 Nc6 4.e3 e5 5.d4 cxd4 6.exd4 e4 7.Ne5 Bb4 8.Be2 0–0 9.0–0 Re8 10.Bf4 d6 11.Nxc6 bxc6 12.Qa4 c5 13.Rad1 Bd7 14.Qb3 Qb6 15.dxc5 dxc5 16.Rd6 Qa5 17.Rxf6 gxf6 18.Nd5 Kh8 19.Nxf6 Bd2 20.Qg3 Bxf4 21.Qxf4 White now finishes off in style. 21...Re7 22.Qh6 Bf5 23.Nh5 Black is now faced with mate on g7 or losing his rook to 24.Qf6+ 1–0 The general rule is that knights should avoid getting stuck on the edge of the board where they tend to be least effective, (“knights on the rim are dim”) but in the case of last week’s problem 1.Nd1! was, in fact, the key move, as Black has no way of avoiding all the various mates next move. In this position, White has an easy knight fork that wins the exchange, but there may be a quicker way to finish the game off.
54 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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ACROSS 1 We went to a florist right in the centre ofright Cherhill to oforder 1 We went to a florist in the centre toto take taketo ato a Cherhillsome to order flowers some flowers funeral (6) funeral (6) 4 Rex, a man from Chantmarle, 4 Rex, a has man from an unan Chantmarle, unusual has Swiss-style usual Swiss-style home (6) home (6) 9 I saw a religious community 9 I saw a religious community leader in a leader in a bar in Bournemouth bar in Bournemouth – I was most – I(5)was most surprised! (5) surprised! 10 My daughter has a second home has which is next to a islake 10 My daughter a second home which oneone mile next to aabout lake about milefrom from Blackwood Blackwood (7)(7) 11 Ned from Devon is going to get 11 Ned from is going get five fiveDevon bantams in toorder tobanhave a tams in order to have a supply supply of eggs (3)of eggs (3) 12 This pretty avenue quickly 12 This pretty avenue quickly became a debecame a desirable address – sirable address – it's near Tavistock (5,4) it's near Tavistock (5,4) 13 village This village near has Blackdog has 13 This near Blackdog a sursurprisingly large green in the prisinglyalarge green in the centre – we last – we last visited itcentre at the weekend (11) visited it at the weekend (11) 18 I18 hearI Elle hadElle just an hour in Hilton hear had just an hour in before she had tobefore return toshe her northern Hilton had to return suburb of toCardiff her (9)northern suburb of Cardiff (9) 21 Rob from Oborne is single (3) 21 Rob from Oborne is single (3) 22true, It'sthetrue, thewe six nights we 22 It's six nights arranged to arranged have Falmouth have in Falmouth lastto April werein really relast April were really relaxing laxing (7) (7) 23 They stock astock variety a of variety grapes in of thisgrapes 23 They greengrocer's shop greengrocer's in Ottery St Mary (5) in this shop in Ottery St Mary (5) 24 I'm Gina intoGina the centre Chel24taking I'm taking into ofthe centre tenham – we'll have a bit of a look around of Cheltenham – we'll have a bit before getting something to eat (6) of a look around before getting something to eat 25 Yes, we ended up moving to a(6) place near 25 Yes, Burbage (6) we ended up moving to a place near Burbage (6)
ACROSS
Our tee-shirts will have pictures of the Zimmers on the front And we’ll squeal and scream and swoon when they perform, Bobbing in our three-piece suits with hearing aids aloft While swigging on Wincarnis as the norm.
Devon’s Team Blitz Tournament was held on Sunday at the Newton Abbot Club and there were several prizewinners. Overall winners were Newton Abbot A who took the Thomas Cup. Teignmouth A won the Hodge Cup for the highest score by a team with a total grade of Under-600, while Newton Abbot B took the cup for U-450s. The only undefeated team was Exmouth Eagles whose Meyrick Shaw took the new trophy for the highest individual score. A new Plymouth-based organisation has recently started operations in the Westcountry, although their ambitions stretch far beyond these shores. They are called Mind Sports International, a subsidiary of Living it Loving it Ltd, and their aim is to harness modern technologies like web TV and live streaming to tournaments involving chess,
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wx 619 i
And imagine, in the mornings, from a play-pen of our own, We could all be thumbing noses at the young, Jeering from the safety-screen afforded by a fence, Pulling faces with a wiggle of the tongue.
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DOWN 1 They are building a sports centre in a sports this centre townin this near 1 They are building (6)(6) town Potterne near Potterne 2 After Oscar left Charlie from 2 After Oscar left Charlie Creacombe she from wasCreacombe so upset – she was so upset – I went giveaher a I went round toround givetoher big big hug (7) (7) hug 3 I spent four hours driving 3 I spent four hours driving around trying to around trying to find this village find this village near St Erme (7) near St Erme (7) 5 Last I left 5 Last week Iweek left Huntley andHuntley travelled toand a a place– just outside place travelled just outsideto of Exmoor I'm the sort of ofwho Exmoor – onI'm person likes to go longthe walkssort (5) of person who likes to go on long 6 I saw a woolly walks (5)animal running around by the of a lake just outside of Latcham (5) 6 side I saw a woolly animal running around by the side of a lake 7 Thejust last time Henryof from Tehidy had outside Latcham (5)a make-over, he took on the style that was 7 The last time Henry from Tehidy popular with hippies in the late 1960s! (3-3) had a make-over, he took on that was new popular 8 My the fatherstyle has the loveliest place –with it's hippies in the near Kingsteignton (11) late 1960s! (3-3) 8 My father has the loveliest new 14 To place observe–anit's astronomical event, Elsie near Kingsteignton and Penny (11) are off to a place in West Cornwall they gatheran to watch it (7) 14 where To observe astronomical event, Elsie and Penny are off 15 I take to this rightCornwall on the to my a dogs place in place West outskirts of Upton for a run around – the where gather land is actuallythey part of a manorto (7) watch it (7) 15This I take my Stdogs to athis place 16 place near Allen has central right on ofallUpton supermarket thatthe has outskirts trees growing forit (2,4) a run around – the land is around actually part of a manor (7) 17 of this church on the of 16Part This place near Stoutskirts Allen has a Totnes has got very dilapidated (6)that has central supermarket trees growing all around it (2,4) 19 These Devon settlers were looking for a 17 Part of this church on the place for a fresh start (5) outskirts of Totnes has got very dilapidated (6) around the fen at 20 There's seven dwellings 19bottom These Devon settlers were the of this valley, not far looking for a place for a fresh start (5) 20 There's seven dwellings around the fen at the bottom of this valley, not far from Boduan in Wales (5) DOWN
Solutions on Page 56 WCL-E01-S2
Stars Claire Petulengro
cryptic crossword Cryptic ACROSS
Crossword
ACROSS DOWN 8 Convinced it’s inevitable (7) 9 A fat insect? (9) 8 Convinced its one’s seat 1 (5)Period in which the 13 Revolted, had left 14 Move inevitable the teeniest (7) bit (5) main issue appears 15 Best when (7) 9 satisfied A fat insect? (9) they fall sharply (6) 16 Suppress the had antileft- anti is2wrong 13 Revolted, Level(7) with the post 17 A quarrel when ones seat (5) you take the new (8) car for a drive (3-2) 14 Move the teeniest bit 3 Where you had a try18 Something you wear because you’ve (5) it? (5) ing time while shopalways worn 15 happy Best satisfied 20 Not about,when we gave the ping? chop(7,4) to (5) theyrushed, fall sharply 4 (6) Its true the aunt 22 Off one to (7) the police 16 language Suppress the anti - be Frenchpassed 23 The could (6) away at nine25 Drawing box with (7) (9) anti isa wrong (7) a hole in it ty-nine 27 Play part when of the (7) to hang on 17 the A quarrel youharbourman 5 Its wrong 30 He’s on takethe thewatch new carfor for athe Second to someones pay (7) Coming drive (6) (3-2) 6 Emphasised that it 31 Show a film about partition? (6) 18 Something you wear been published 32 Has Dante heartlessly put intohad the because youve (7,3) inferno (5) it? (5)(5) 7 For 15, the top of 35 Couldalways be Mrworn Right 20 Not happy about, we nothing the tree (4) 36 Declaim, though having to complain about gave(5) the chop to (5) 10 Jokes that create rifts 37 Why don’t remember 22 we Off one rushed, to the the men (6) who struggledpolice in Asia? (7) (6) 11 For the present, hav39 A23 fight inlanguage the carcould ahead (7) ing electricity (7) The 41 Tea at home, or one of the many be French (6) 12 Try to get the rent restaurants? (5) Drawing a box with in a textile together, but its a 42 A25 well-known name (5) hole inmakes it (7) a surprise start pain!to(6)a 43 Plan that 27game Play the 19 He robs from the ship rough (9) part of the harbourman (7)“America Atas well (7) (7) 44 Reading through Large” 30 Hes on the watch for 21 Wont bother about DOWNthe Second Coming the hat stand with (6) shelves (7) 1 Period in which the main issue appears 31 Show a film about 24 Does it spray(6) ink all 2 Level with the post (8) partition? (6) over the place? (8,3) 3 Where you had a trying time while shop32(7,4) Has Dante heartlessly 26 Averted ones gaze ping? putthe intoaunt the inferno from, when refused 4 It’s true passed away at (5) (9) admittance (6,4) ninety- nine Couldtobehang Mr Right 28 Whenpay the cars 5 It’s35 wrong on(5) to someone’s (7) 6 Emphasised it had 36 Declaim,that though hav- been crashed, got bad published ing(7,3) nothing to comchest abrasions (9) 7 For “15”, top(5)of the tree29 (4) Leaves out the R in plainthe about 10 Jokes thatwecreate rifts (6) 37 Why dont rememdivers (7) 11 For the present, having electricity (7) ber the men who 30 Leave the TV 12 Try to get the rent together, but it’s a unplugged (3,3) pain! (6) struggled in Asia? (7) 39robs A fight in the carship as well 32 Distributes about a 19 He from the (7) (7) about the hat stand thousand 21 Won’tahead bother with(5,3) shelves 41 (7) Tea at home, or one 33 Has been worried, 24 Does it all over the place? (8,3) of spray the manyink restauyou know, and agitat26 Averted one’s rants? (5) gaze from, whenedrefused (6) admittance (6,4) name in 42 A well-known 34 Gosh! A mug for the 28 When the cars crashed, got bad chest textile (5) drink! (7) abrasions (9) 43 Plan makes Yell Be off! grabbing 29 Leaves outthat the R ina “diver38 s” (7) to a 30 Leavesurprise the TVstart unplugged (3,3) the key (6) rough game (9) a thousand 40 Spoil 32 Distributes about (5,3) a table (4 44 been Reading through you know, and 33 Has worried, agitated America (6) At Large 34 Gosh!(7) A mug for the drink! (7) 38 Yell “Be off !” grabbing the key (6) 40 Spoil a table (4)
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Favours have not been appreciated but the time will come when they can pay you back, so try not to kick up too much of a stink. New relationships hit the next level and life feels good again. Finally you’re back in the driving seat. Ring now to reveal your true calling.
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Time spent with those from your past can tie up loose ends and help you to work out what people really mean to you. Be nice to those you meet in work. Rumour are likely to be unfounded, so do not act upon them. Call to hear what should be important.
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Emotional ties keep you in a friendship which ran its course a long time ago but take a stand. Better suited friends and perhaps even lovers come into your life from Thursday. Ring to hear about your future.
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Many of your sign are infatuated with someone who has shown you that life does not have to be mundane. Just make sure it’s the real you they’re getting to know. Call now to better understand family who are acting so strangely.
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Saturn, the planet of structure, helps you to work out where your career needs to head in order to get the most from it. The Sun casts you in an attractive light. Just beware of attached signs playing games. Ring now to hear why it’s worth putting in overtime.
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Overseas links are well starred and you have the backing of the stars to ensure a trip goes smoothly. Don’t accuse close ones of things they haven’t done. Act only on what you see and not what you hear. Ring to hear what Mars is waiting to give you.
quick Quickcrossword Crossword ACROSS ACROSS
DOWN
8 Caretaker (7) 89Caretaker (7) Arrogant (9) 913Arrogant (9) (5) Indian language 13 (5) 14 Indian Period language of darkness (5) 15 Period Live together (7) 14 of darkness (5) 16 Live Eat (7) 15 together (7) 17 Eat Oily(7) fruit (5) 16 18 Oily Allude (5) (5) 17 20 Unit fruit of weight (5) 18 (5)(6) 22Allude Very dirty 20 23Unit Pangof(6)weight (5) 22 25Very Scorndirty (7) (6) 27Pang Worship 23 (6) (7) 30Scorn Monarchs 25 (7) son (6) 31 Worship Academy (7) Awards (6) 27 32 Musical drama (5) 30 M o n a rch ’s 35 Inexpensive son (5) (6) 31 36Academy Weak (5) Awards (6) 32 37Musical Planet (7)drama (5) 35 39Inexpensive Small bet (7) (5) 41 Weak Big (5)(5) 36 42Planet Playground 37 (7) item (5) 43Small Relevant 39 bet(9) (7) 44 Issue (7) 41 Big (5) 42 Playground item (5) 43 Relevant (9) 44 Issue (7)
1 Big gun (6) gun(8) (6) 2 1 Big Derision 3 2 Derision Forgery (11)(8) 4 3 Forgery Two weeks(11) (9) 5 4 Two Spikes of ice (7) weeks (9) 6 5 Spikes Orderly retreat of ice(10) (7) 7 6 Orderly Pavementretreat edge (4) (10) 107 Pavement Young birds (6) 11 Base (7) edge (4) Youngofbirds (6) 1210 Deprive food (6) Base (7) (7) 1911 Adroitness Deprive 2112 Opening (7)of food (6) 2419 Miscellaneous Adroitness items (7) (4,3,4) 2621 Behead (10)(7) Opening 2824 Attacker (9) Miscellaneous items (4,3,4) 29 Duck (7) 26 Behead (10) 30 Appease (6) Attacker 3228 Reverse (8) (9) Duck (7) 3329 Requite (6) Appease 3430 Insult (7) (6) 3832 Concord (6)(8) Reverse 4033 Second-hand Requite (6)(4) 34 Insult (7) 38 Concord (6) 40 Second-hand (4)
DOWN
You’re running out of patience with a close one who has taken advantage. Listen, don’t talk this week. New faces bring an attraction you haven’t felt in years and life gets interesting again. Ring now to hear how your career is in for a massive boost. Silly mistakes are likely at work. New ways to get on with those you have to work with make your life an easier place to be. Tests or exams taken now go better than you’d dreamed. Call now to hear how Saturn can finally give sense and clarity. The chance to go somewhere new is just what the doctor ordered, it should turn out to be just the tonic after a very stressful few weeks. Instant attractions bring smiles and tears if you don’t take things slowly. I can see we have much we need to talk about. Your element of earth is making it hard for you to adapt to recent changes. You’ve had more than your fair share to deal with but delegating ‘that’ problem can ease most of your problems. Venus sees you laying your heart on the line. Ring now.
Solutions on Page 56
scribble pad
You find yourself saying the first thing which comes into your mind. At least you’ll be saying how you feel. Travel you make in the name of a relationship brings good news. Give me a ring to hear how property changes work in your favour this month. You’ve come through so much this year, but I don’t think you’ve stopped and given yourself any gratitude. If you don’t make some time for yourself then others won’t value you either. Ring now to hear why it’s worth sticking to family and friends’ arrangements.
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 55
Puzzles
Can you name and locate these five wellknown West Country landmarks? Solutions to the right.
PICTURE: PETER YOUNG
Crossword solutions West
Across: 1 Wreath, 4 Chalet, 9 Rabbi, 10 Oakdale, 11 Ova, 12 Peter Tavy, 13 Kennerleigh, 18 Thornhill, 21 One, 22 Restful, 23 Pinot, 24 Eating, 25 Pewsey Down 1 Worton, 2 Embrace, 3 Trispen, 5 Hiker, 6 Llama, 7 Tie-dye, 8 Fosterville, 14 Eclipse, 15 Grounds, 16 St Erme, 17 Vestry, 19 Onset, 20 Nefyn
5
PICTURE: KEVIN BATES
PICTURE: STEVE KEMP
1 The Grenadier Quarterjack on St Cuthburga’s minster at Wimborne, Dorset. 2 Tea Rooms at Birnbeck Pier, Weston-super-Mare. 3 Sellack Bridge across the Wye in Herefordshire. 4 Statue by Mark Foster in Southgate, Bath. 5 The chimney on Trooper’s HIll, Bristol. 6 Standing stones at Avebury, Wiltshire.
3
2 Cryptic
Across: 8, Certain 9, Butterfly 13, Risen 14, Touch 15, Plum-met 16, Con-tain 17, Run-in 18, Habit 20, Sa-we-d 22, Ran-CID 23, (French) Polish 25, Cart-O-on 27, Port-Ray 30, S-entry 31, Screen 32, Ha-D(ant)e-s 35, Title 36, O-rate 37, A-mne-sia 39, For-war-d 41, Cha-in 42, Serge 43, Strat-agem 44, Per-USA-L Down: 1, Sea-son 2, Standard 3, Fitting room 4, Authent-IC 5, Sti-pend 6, Brought out 7, Plum(met) 10, Cracks 11, Current 12, Stitch 19, Brig-and 21, W-hat-not 24, Fountain pen 26, Turned away 28, Scra-tches 29, Seve-R-al 30, Set off 32, Hands out 33, Sha-ken 34, Cor-dial 38, Scr-E-am 40, Rot-a
Quick
Across: 8, Janitor 9, Conceited 13, Hindi 14, Night 15, Cohabit 16, Consume 17, Olive 18, Refer 20, Stone 22, Filthy 23, Twinge 25, Disdain 27, Idolise 30, Prince 31, Oscars 32, Opera 35, Cheap 36, Frail 37, Neptune 39, Flutter 41, Large 42, Swing 43, Pertinent 44, Edition Down: 1, Cannon 2, Ridicule 3, Counterfeit 4, Fortnight 5, Icicles 6, Withdrawal 7, Kerb 10, Chicks 11, Ignoble 12, Starve 19, Finesse 21, Orifice 24, Odds and ends 26, Decapitate 28, Assailant 29, Mallard 30, Pacify 32, Opposite 33, Avenge 34, Affront 38, Unison 40, Used
56 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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| Barbados |
Which Victorian artist painted “The Boyhood of Raleigh”? | West Country Life 02 November 2013 by WDPissuu - issuu
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magazine Western Daily Press, Saturday November 2 2013
No one wants to miss it BRIDGWATER CARNIVAL AND ITS FITTING FINALE
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PEOPLE
Alice Bell weathers the ‘big stor m’ as best she can; while Martin Hesp meets the PM
Steve Roberts captures the history of ‘tar barrels’ with images from today and 1975
Tristan Cork goes behind the scenes before the West’s biggest carnival night
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How cupcakes got competitive; plus forget caravans, how about trying a Twagon?
Wiltshire boy and ex-Army captain turned musician James Blunt talks to us
Getting the best from vegetables; the 50 top foodie experiences; plus quick coffees
The rise of the popular Pinot Grigio; plus, a good sandwich at a charming pub
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The gothic look for the home; plus fashion where it’s all about texture
We talk to Cotswold resident Amanda Holden and Somerset’s Charlie Higson
Looking for the best places to eat in Dubai; plus the best skiing destinations in Europe
Hop over to the Isles of Scilly for classic walking territory or venture to the Mendips
Alan Down looks at the trees and shrubs that give the best autumn colour
How Charles II sold for £4,000; plus Cary Grant memorabilia at Bonhams
Gethin Jones on visiting Afghanistan; plus, TV highlights for the week
TV guide Poem and puzzles Horoscope Where in the West Cover by Steve Roberts
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Online westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl
Gorgeous autumnal light and low cloud on Salisbury Plain, taken from Sidbury Hillfort by Western Daily Press reader David Hargrave, of Durrington, Wiltshire
Rural rambles
Roger Evans You will all be familiar with the phenomena... “Things can’t get any worse”, and then they do. Well I had my second excursion to the TB restricted market last week. I took 16 calves, a mix of black and white dairy bulls and beef crosses. The whole lot averaged £29! Five of the dairy bull calves made less than £10. I’d kept and fed them all for three weeks or more, the ear tags alone cost £3. Other farmers there, who suffered a similar fate, said that they wouldn’t go through the same humiliation again and would take any future calves to the hunt kennels. The auctioneer told me that he was now getting more calves at the TB restricted market than he was getting at the normal one. We’ll have to take stock of what we do from now on. If I told you what I was truly thinking as I drove home, I would probably get my farm burnt down. When I got home I worked out that on just that one load of calves, TB had cost me £1,000. There’s nothing that I can do that will prevent the same thing happening again next month or next year. We are out, Stephen and I, on our very highest field. It just touches the 980ft mark. To enhance my stories of this high land, I always say it’s at 1,000ft which for me, is not an exceptional exaggeration. The field has been, for 12 months, in a fallow stubble, left for the wild birds. But it grows a crop of weeds and I am chopping these off and Stephen is coming along behind me with the plough. There have always been skylarks up here though there are fewer now than there were 10 years ago, despite all the land that has been left in fallow for their benefit. This is an excellent cue for me to go on to my hobby horse abut predators but you know all about that, I know I am right, because I know there are fewer skylarks, so I will move on. The skylarks flutter about as I approach on my tractor. Some of them do their fluttering along the ground routine, which is designed to lead a dangerous presence away, but they are not in any danger from me. I soon become aware that there are three tiny leverets in the stubble. When I say tiny, I mean that I could easily encompass them as little round balls of fluff in my hands. As I work across the field, they scuttle about 20 yards at a time, further down the field to safety. They are heading towards the hedge, there’s a field beyond that with plenty of grass, WCL-E01-S2
there’s food there and safety. But they get to the hedge and then turn back. They are not together, you can barely see them, but individually you see them make these short darts back up the field. I phone Stephen to look out for them and he reports later that he saw all three go past him and on to the ploughing. On the ploughing lurks danger, it’s where the buzzards and kites are eating worms and grubs, there’s 20 of them altogether today. They soon see the leverets and that is the end of that. My fault of course, for ploughing the field. It makes me realise just how little I understand nature. Here we are mid October, this big field is very exposed to wind and weather, a most inhospitable place in winter. If I hadn’t disturbed the leverets, how would they have survived? What on earth do the skylarks live on? One of the wonders of nature that intrigues me are acorns. As I write, we are in the middle of the acorn harvest. After a windy night, the road under an oak tree is covered with acorns and the acorns themselves are covered with pheasants gorging on them. What intrigues me is not just that pheasants manage to swallow the acorns whole, because in a previous life I used to handle thousands of pigeons and in the autumn their crops would be full of acorns, which for a pigeons is a much bigger beak full than it is for a pheasant. No. What intrigues me is how do they digest them? That hard, shiny shell must take a lot of grinding up. Acorns can catch you out. Cattle like acorns. In normal circumstances they will eat them as they fall and no harm done. But, without thinking, you can move them to a fresh field where there may be an accumulation of acorns and then you can get sick cattle and even deaths. I went to the doctors yesterday. I went to get a flu jab and to give blood samples for my MOT, next week, which has lapsed some years ago. What a sight in the waiting room! Packed out. Someone once told me that doctors can predict very accurately who will be in to see them on Monday mornings because 90 per cent of them are there every Monday morning. I came out feeling very healthy and well, and I’d not seen sight of a doctor. Everything in life is relative and compared with what I saw in that waiting room, well and healthy is what I am.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 1
Columnists
Martin Hesp Don’t you love it when life gets so surreal it’s like you’re on TV?
Alice Bell There was a catastrophe at the office last Monday morning.
It’s like you’ve entered some fantasy envisaged in a crazy movie. That happened to me this week in a tiny office – but it was no ordinary workroom, nor were the people surrounding me everyday office folk. It was the moment when I entered The Simpsons TV cartoon. Only it was even more Simpson-esque than that weird programme can ever manage to be. For those who have never seen it, The Simpsons mocks the real world by being outrageous and surreal. Intellectually challenged Homer Simpson works in a tiny office perched on top of a giant nuclear reactor. His boss is greedy, unscrupulous, power-plant owner multimillionaire Monty Burns. I was in Homer’s office recently. Seriously. I sat in a tiny room perched on top of the nuclear reactor at Hinkley Point. There were three other people in the office, which had a big window looking out over the cathedral-sized reactor hall. There was the editor of a local newspaper, a government official and a man who sat behind a computer screen – just like Homer Simpson does on TV. We all looked identical because everyone up there in and around the reactor hall was covered from head to foot in blue overalls and all wore orange hard hats. So telling one person from another was not easy, but I did realise who the heavily disguised person behind the computer screen was – and I joked with him that he looked just like the wellknown Simpson. Luckily, Secretary of State for Energy Ed Davey has a good sense of humour – and he played up to the joke by pretending to be a bit Homer-esque, pressing various knobs and buttons with clueless abandon. However, the horseplay soon ended because a whole bunch of boiler-suited people entered the room, led by a breathless public relations person who started bossing us about. This was when my surreal Simpsons moment intensified one-hundred-fold – not only because this panting stooge reminded me of Monty Burns’ sidekick, Smithers, but because the big man being ushered into the room behind him was none other than Mr Burns himself. Or rather, it was the Prime Minister, who sat down next to me and said: “Shoot!” But only after he’d muttered to his minders: “Did I get that right about the cost of the Severn Barrage? I hope so.” Like one of Mr Burns’ eager cartoon staff, Mr Davey assured him he had told the TV reporters in the reactor hall the correct figures. The big man did not take any notice of this reassurance – indeed, I watched him closely during the 30 minutes we were up there on top of Hinkley B Station’s nuclear reactors – and Mr Cameron never seemed to take much notice of his Energy Secretary at all. Because, like Monty Burns, Dave Cameron is pretty much armour-plated. I had the feeling that if I really did shoot – as he had told me to – the bullets would have bounced off his pink, platinum-protected, skin. Of course, it is no good some lowly regional hack like me trying to have a real conversation with a Prime Minister – his minders had told me I would have just two questions and after that my time would be up, the inference being that I was lucky to get even a single minute. My couple of queries were duly bulldozed aside with replies that had been learned off-
And it was so bad it even got its own hashtag on Twitter: #milk-a-geddon. Now, I’m a journalist so the first thing I want to do is sensationalise the story. Basically, we were the victims of a double delivery of milk. There were just too many bottles on our doorstep to fit into the fridge and not even a Brit suffering from insomnia and dehydration could have drunk enough tea to use up the surplus before it got a bit warm. Even worse, nobody could remember who our delivery man was or where he came from so the next morning we found another crate of bottles on the doorstep, like we were being targeted by some lactose-obsessed stalker. Carnage. Absolute carnage. And if you thought we were making much
pat – and the PM marched off to his helicopter which, in true Simpson-esque form, ascended between a black cloud and a rainbow. Later I watched the Prime Minister’s announcement about Hinkley C on TV and learned what a “thoroughly good thing” it all was. Except, I do not believe it. I’m a bit thick when it comes to numbers, but I cannot see why it is a good thing for the French and the Chinese to be investing in this nation’s future energy needs, and not us. One thing is certain: they are not doing it out of a sense of charity. One day we will be paying them, big-time. Real life is not a game of Monopoly, but if it was – we just lost. But then, life is not a Simpsons cartoon either – it just sometimes seems like one.
2 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
COLUMNISTS ONLINE You can enjoy the best of Alice Bell’s and Martin Hesp’s Saturday essays – and our other writers – on the Western Daily Press website westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl
ado about nothing there, you obviously didn’t see our reporting of St Jude’s Storm when it finally hit the West Country. I say “hit”. “Inappropriately touched” might be a better description. The name alone just makes it sound like a soppy ballad Paul McCartney might start randomly singing in Covent Garden. Considering the horrific damage the storm caused in other parts of the UK and beyond, I’m not sure how Somerset and Wiltshire managed to escape pretty much unscathed. Especially since every local news hub in the area had been warning us of our impending doom for at least a week beforehand. Twitter was on top sarcastic form that Monday, though, with every wannabe Have I Got News For You writer across the south posting pictures of plastic garden chairs that had blown over and Tweeting: “Scenes of complete devastation in Bath this morning...” Meanwhile, I was forced to drive through a puddle that definitely hadn’t been there the day before. Not a big one, though. I don’t think Noah would have got out of bed for it. My colleague was much more prepared. I only wish she’d been in charge of the train companies as she not only remembered to put on extra hairspray but she also brought a spare pair of socks in case her feet got a bit wet on the walk into work. The news that morning was basically: “Everything’s gone a bit mental today but if you bear with us, we’ll update you on the weather and traffic situation, just as soon as we’ve found somewhere to put all this milk.” Then it was over to the weather girl, whose reports ran increasingly along the lines of: “So as you heard there in the news, ARMAGEDDON HAS ARRIVED! As for tomorrow... well, quite frankly, who cares, nobody will be around to see it.” I tried to sound slightly more balanced when it was my turn but just ended up saying a la Michael Fish: “Gosh, it’s a bit windy out there, isn’t it? But we’re expecting some sunny spells too and highs of 15 degrees, so it could be worse.” Then we crossed over to the man doing the traffic updates. He’d been stuck in a massive queue that morning and from the tone of his voice you could tell he just wanted to rant: “There's some right divs on the road today. One in front of me tried to drive his Prius through a flood and got stuck, can you believe the idiot? Also, there’s some puddles around that might make your car a bit grubby. Oh, and if you're late for work, you can bet the car in front is a flaming hearse.” The reporting of St Jude managed to whip everyone up into a frenzy of hysteria. Even our hard journalistic hearts had to feel a bit awkward when our cleaning lady arrived at the office wearing what looked like scuba gear and brandishing an industrial-sized umbrella. The fallout was worse than “plebgate”. It was “floodgate”, although unfortunately not literally. That might have been useful.
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Along with being the top performing day school in Bristol, QEH is firmly amongst leading academic schools nationally. Most boys go to top universities or medical schools, including 10%to Oxford and Cambridge. One hundred boys are in the Junior School which shares the ethos of the Senior School whilst retaining its own individual identity.
FOUNDED IN 1590, QEH THRIVES WITH 670 BOYS AGED 7–18
Stephen Holliday and Martin Morris, the respective Headmasters of QEH Seniors and Juniors, agree that a good school is far more complicated than counting exam passes. Good schools build character. That is easy to say, tricky to define and even more difficult to achieve. Character is formed through adventure and fortitude, through integrity and values, and is rooted in a sense of self-worth. Exam success: that is a by-product of a school where building character comes first. At QEH staff nurture character and go on to prepare boys for life beyond the school. Mr Holliday says: “ I like to think we build character from the very beginning, whether that starts in Year 3 or Year 7 or Year 9. We promote the importance of good values, we produce the young men who know themselves, who respect and help others and who have opinions. Incidentally, our exam results are also spectacularly good.” Mr Morris adds: “A key aim is to develop each boy’s personal qualities, provide a sound foundation for his future, and ensure that every boy leaves recognising himself as a lifelong learner. We are particularly keen to break out from the traditional idea of the four-walled classroom, and make our ‘classroom’ the wider world.”
Building Character Junior School Places Available…
ENTRY ASSESSMENTS Year 3 & 4 start 4 November Year 5 & 6 start 18 November
0117 930 3068 www.qehbristol.co.uk WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 3
Picture essays, 1975 and 2013 Steve Roberts
Keeping the annual tar barrels tradition at Ottery St Mary alive To say Ray Pollard has not done his duty by the citizens of Ottery St Mary would be to blacken his name. For almost 40 years his task was to cake casks, adding layer upon layer of glutinous black tar to the interior of wooden barrels in readiness for ignition, and the greed of an allconsuming flame. Ray’s thoughts of his home town’s carnival are ever-present. The spectacular finale has seen his work light up the pitch-black November 5 night and his labours go up in flames as the traditional tar barrels are carried on strong shoulders through the packed streets. Ray is not the man to protest, be brash, or boast. His solid will and dependency made sure that his town stayed alive and alight. It is his smoke-blackened face that can be seen in photographs, at close quarters with the eager jostlers, as he weaves through the mayhem, eye to the flame, ready to refresh a faltering cinder barrel. The red-orange tongue laps the air demanding the fuel cradled by Ray, who has been one of the masters of the age-old ceremony, which is not for the faint-hearted. Now he has slipped into the shadows, like his predecessor, Bob Pike, and the role has descended to a younger man, David Strawbridge, who carries the mantle and responsibility with a congenial smile. Andy Wade, president of the town’s carnival committee explains: “It’s not a gimmick. The only thing that has changed in recent times is health and safety.” And glancing with gratitude at Ray, who is no longer the servant to the flame, he adds: “but there’s still no atmosphere like it.”
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5
minutes to know Willem Dafoe Willem Dafoe is best known for his starring roles in Hollywood hits like Spider-Man, Platoon and The Last Temptation of Christ. Now 58, he’s venturing into the world of video gaming by appearing in Beyond: Two Souls, an innovative, interactive PlayStation 3 game where he stars alongside Ellen Page... Tell us about Beyond: Two Souls It’s the story of a young woman who’s been linked to an invisible entity since the day she was born. She doesn’t know what it is, but they can’t be separated. We see how she evolves and changes through the years. The whole idea of the experience is unusual for a video game; it’s not about jumping, shooting, or driving, it’s really about being in the shoes of the main protagonist and seeing how your decisions change the story. It’s a very emotional journey.
It sounds like it may appeal to people who are not usually interested in video games Absolutely, that’s the whole idea. It’s a game that’ll appeal to anyone who loves stories and emotions. It’s intended for gamers too, there’s real game play, but at the same time, we’ve simplified the interface for non-gamers.
How did you get involved in the project? The director, David Cage, sent me a script and I saw his previous game, Heavy Rain. I was not familiar with the gaming world at all, but I liked the script. .
What can you tell us about your character? I’m an expert in paranormal events. I have a research facility and this girl is brought to me as a subject for my study, and I help her understand what’s going on.
Has taking part sparked your interest in video games? I certainly want to check out Beyond: Two Souls, it was such a good experience making it. I saw 45 minutes of the game last night, and it looks fantastic.
You’re not playing a villain here, something you’ve become known for Well, that’s the perception, but that’s not the way I think about it. I think actors are protective of the characters they play, so they don’t judge them. But I also I think it’s not actually true that I always play the villain. It’s an easy perception, but I look at my filmography and I do a little informal survey, and I think I play more good guys and bad guys!
You’ve been working in Manchester recently haven’t you? I was, it went wonderfully. We premiered this Robert Wilson play, The Old Woman, based on a story by Russian absurdist writer Daniil Kharms, and that was part of the Manchester Festival. It was only myself and Mikhail Baryshnikov.
What else do you have in the pipeline? Where do I start? I’m just going to come across like a self-promoting fool!
You do seem to be very busy I’ll continue to perform in the Bob Wilson piece The Old Woman, and also another play, The Life and Death of Marina Abramovich.
Willem Dafoe stars in Beyond: Two Souls, available on PlayStation 3 now WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 5
People Tristan Cork
For 364 days of the year, Bridgwater is a friendly yet fairly unremarkable town in Somerset. But tonight it becomes the centre of the world. Every year, Bridgwater and the towns that follow it and stage their own carnival spectaculars – come alive with a million lights, tens of thousands of people and the weird and wonderful revolving, spinning and raucous carnival carts trundling through the town. There is, quite simply, nothing like it in the world. Notting Hill apes more of the Rio mardis gras carnival procession with their emphasis on elaborate costumes worn by people walking, and the fire festivals of Sussex and Shetland aren’t on the same scale. Only in America do processions of the same size take place, but they are daytime and not illuminated. But the magic of Somerset doesn’t happen by magic. While 100,000 people prepare to descend on Bridgwater for one night, for the past year, teams of carnival clubs have been beavering away to create the masterpiece of light, decoration, costume and dance that astonishes the crowds. For carnival in Somerset isn’t a one-night extravaganza, it’s a day-in-day-out way of life, as Laura Nicholson, the chairman of one local club, the British Flag CC, explained. “They say it’s a hobby but it’s more than that, it does take over your life,” she said. As a family solicitor in the town, she took part in the Carnival Concerts as a girl, and then got bitten by the bug again seven years ago. Like so many carnival club members, it was family connections that brought her back. “I’d come back from university and my uncle said that there was a space on the cart and they had a costume and did I want to do it, and I was like ‘Oh my God, yes I would love to!’ and that was seven years ago and I can’t imagine not doing it now,” she said. “It’s funny because some families are split by carnival clubs, like the husband might be in one and the wife in another, or the children join a different one to their parents. There is rivalry, and some clubs are more rivals with each other, but it’s all friendly. It’s just a bit of
Looking dejected in a corner of the British Flag’s shed, this oriental face will soon take pride of place on the front of ‘Kabuki’
banter and everyone obviously wants to do well, but wants everyone else to do well. The clubs would be nothing on their own, so we do all stick together,” she added. Although British Flag, based around the pub of the same name in the town, is a thriving club with 70-odd members, it isn’t considered one of the premier clubs. The club has won the Carnival Concerts in two of the last three years, but other clubs normally win the actual procession nights. “Gremlins are the ones to beat,” explained Laura. “They seem to win every year, they are like the Manchester United of carnival clubs. We’re a relatively young club, so we perhaps haven’t got the technical experience. A club like Gremlins have lots of highly skilled engineers so can always come up with something new and amazing, and winning is a habit. “We will all walk together before the start, seeing what everyone else has done, and you do take things away and think about how you could work that idea that you see. Every year they are getting bigger and better and more complex,” she added. The bigger the club, the more the fundraising they can do, and the more they can spend on their carts. “We probably get through around £20,000, and some raise and spend more, and no one has any money to take into the next year, usually,” said Laura. “It’s actually the hardest thing, the fundraising. We spend months building the cart each year, but the fundraising is a year-round thing. “Lots of clubs, us included, do stewarding at the Glastonbury Festival every year. The members volunteer and the festival pays the club. “We also run a mobile bar and this year we’ve done loads of weddings. The money for that all goes to the club. “But the rest of the time, we’re constantly fundraising, and it’s hard because we’re always asking the same people, family and friends to help out.” This year, Laura will dress as a Japanese geisha in British Flag’s entry, an orientaltheme call Kabuki. Club vice-president Steve Keirle will be a Japanese emperor in robes and “big hair”. He, like dozens of others, has taken the past fortnight off work to ready the cart. For a carpenter, it’s a busman’s holiday, but one he loves to do every year. “I’ve been involved since 1997, and carnivals have changed a lot since then. It has just got bigger, brighter, more elaborate. Every year someone raises the standard,” he said. Life for the club members, as it is for all the clubs dotted around Bridgwater and the Somerset towns, is a relentless slog of 15-hour days for the past week or two, where the electrician, the engineer and the carpenter are kings. “The theme is decided on literally the day after the previous carnival, and the engineers will probably start working in January. It used
6 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
From the top, Andrew Higgins, a life member of the British Flag Carnival Club, sorting bulbs; John Holliday and Beth Smith at work on Kabuki ; Steve Keirle and John Holliday; Ray Baker; club captain Dean Bennett; Steve Keirle making platforms. Right, main image: The Town of Titipu from the British Flag Carnival Club – winners of the Bridgwater Carnival Concerts PICTURES: FRAN STOTHARD
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to be that they wouldn’t really get going until June or July, but everything is so much bigger and brighter now that it does take all year. “There’s different parts of the club, people who raise funds, people who do costumes, the dancing, the safety guys, building the carts and so on. It’s a huge operation and the shed we’ve got is pretty small. It’s very cosy there so everyone has to get on, as you’re in such close proximity,” he said. “There’s even a team of blokes whose job is to make sure the cart is prepared, moved to the next carnival, safe and secure. They miss out on all the fun of the after carnival party – this Saturday night, they’ll be taking it to Burnham. “The club captain decides who goes where on the cart, and we’re lucky that with such a big cart, everyone who wants to go on can be accommodated. It’s a tough job being the captain trying to make sure everyone gets the spot they want. “You don’t get nervous before the start, there’s too much to worry about, get sorted and work out. But once you’re on, it is amazing – absolutely amazing. Just seeing people’s faces as you go past, that they are amazed, or enjoying it, dancing and singing along with us. I’m just an ordinary carpenter and you can’t think of any other situation where people like us get to perform in front of 90,000 or 100,000 people – even rock stars don’t get that big a crowd!” he added. “I’m quite a shy person, and you wouldn’t have thought I would do that, but once you get your costume on and get on the cart, it’s just brilliant, just amazing to be able to take part in it,” he added. Laura agreed. “You kind of take it for granted when you’re busy building the cart, but it is a real privilege and it’s something to be really proud of, that you’re part of this huge thing. “It takes a lot of hard work and it does take over our lives totally.”
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Reece Standerwick and Isabella Leadbetter from the Somerset Willow Company in Bridgwater with their giant Guy Fawkes
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 7
People Janet Hughes
Kerris Harrop with some of her cakes which are being judged by a royal baker in the finals of a national competition next week
It all started with Carrie Bradshaw nibbling on one in Sex and the City. Her Manolo Blahnik heels were too expensive for most fans to copy but the cupcakes were a pretty, affordable luxury and the Magnolia Bakery exploded into a worldwide phenomenon, opening branches in every corner of the globe. The craze for elaborately decorated confection spawned a generation of amateur bakers who dreamt of swapping their computer keyboards for cake decorations and led to the creation of a multi-million pound industry. Suddenly rose-sprigged pinnies were the height of fashion and the supermarket shelves filled with sprinkles, sparkles and pastel coloured spatulas. Kerris Harrop, from Bristol, is one of the
lucky few who managed to turn the dream into reality and is so successful that she has won through to the finals of the National Cupcake Championship 2013. One of the judges will be Fiona Cairns, who created the royal wedding cake for the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. Yet Cupcakes à la carte might not have started if it wasn’t for daughter-in-law Jennie, who was raising money for disability charities by holding weekly cake sales at work. Kerris started making the tasty treats to help out, but as they became more and more elaborate, word of her creations started to spread. “I used to cook for the family,” she said.
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“But my interest in cake making started when Jennie organised cake sales each Friday at work. When I went to New York on holidays I looked in the windows of the cake shops and thought the cupcakes were so pretty. It really fired my enthusiasm.” Kerris, who has a degree in computing and who worked as an internal auditor for a Bristol insurance firm before retiring, was bored after giving up work early. Encouraged by the demand for her homebaked goodies, she started her own business from her home in the Backwell area of the city two years ago. At her busiest times – especially in the runup to Christmas – Kerris can spend hours in the kitchen, producing up to 100 cupcakes a week. Holidays to her favourite destination, which is the home to Sex and the City, provide her with inspiration and enthusiasm. She has even dined at the original Magnolia Bakery on Bleeker Street where it all started, and loved every sugary mouthful. Customers are able to choose from a range of flavours including chocolate, and Kerris even offers a range of alcohol-flavoured cakes, with Baileys and Pimms among the favourites. Although the cakes
have to taste good, it is creating the intricate decorations out of frosting, flowers and frills that she enjoys the most and it takes around 15 minutes to gild each one. She said: “The cakes are totally bespoke and made to order. I think people like them not only because of the flavours, but because of the stylish designs.” Kerris, who says vanilla is proving customers’ favourite flavour, has made cakes for weddings, children’s birthdays and corporate events. Two of her cupcakes have made it to the finals and she has won through to the classic category and the themed category of the national competition. The impressive judging panel includes Queen Of Cakes Fiona Cairns. Her floral-strewn cake from William and Kate’s wedding in April 2011, was decorated to reflect the lace detail of the bride’s dress and was regarded as a culinary, artistic masterpiece. No wonder Kerris is nervous about what Fiona will make of her classic lemon cupcakes and her rose-flavoured cupcake – the latter decorated with a Valentine’s Day design. “I think she’s amazing so it’s really nerveracking,” said Kerris. “I am delighted to be chosen as a finalist – it is a real honour. But I am quite nervous that one of the judges made the royal wedding cake. “I don’t think I’ll be there for the tasting, which is good, but I’m a great fan of Mary Berry so I hope we meet her.” Kerris is one of 47 bakers across the UK to make it through to the finals. Other judges on the panel include awardwinning pastry chef Will Torrent, Munichborn Gerhard Jenne, who founded Waterloobased Konditor and Cook, and last year’s champion Emily Johnson of London’s Upsy Daisy Bakery. Awards will be presented by food writer and television presenter Mary Berry at the NEC in Birmingham on November 9. “Obviously eating them is the best bit but I enjoy the whole process,” said Kerris, who sells her cakes over the internet and at a weekly market in Clevedon, near Bristol. “From setting up the business to ordering and baking, I love it all. When you see people’s faces when they see and eat them, it makes all the hard work worthwhile. “Coming up with new ideas is the hard part and sometimes at 11pm on a Friday night when I’m in the kitchen baking I do wonder why I’m doing it instead of sitting in front of the TV with my feet up, but I love it. “And so do other people, especially the ladies. I think cupcakes have taken off in such a big way because they are very pretty and colourful, affordable little luxuries we can all enjoy.” The first mention of the cupcake can be traced as far back as 1796, when a recipe notation of “a cake to be baked in small cups” was written in American Cookery by Amelia Simmons, but it was around a decade ago when the cupcake craze really took off. The Magnolia Bakery tapped into the sense of nostalgia evoked by the home-baked cakes and set up a vintage-style shop which became a hit when Miranda and Carrie famously ate pink cupcakes, while talking about Carrie’s new crush, Aidan in Sex and the City. They now have branches world wide although some believe it may be starting to dip after the Crumbs Bake Shop, the largest cupcake shop chain in the US, reported a decline.
To find out more about Kerris Harrop’s cakes go to www.cupcakesalacarte.co.uk
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Two of Kerris Harrop’s beautifully decorated cupcakes
People Martin Hesp
We’ve been envying snails for centuries – as creatures who carry homes on their backs. In fact, people have been attempting to do this ever since we realised horses could tow carts. The trouble is, the contraptions we devise, like the modern caravan, are often so utilitarian and uninteresting to look at. Enter the Twagon – short for “towable wagon” – the brain child of a West Country woodworking expert who believes modern motorised camping lacks a proper breadth of choice. Chris Ward, who lives and works in West Dorset, became convinced that modern caravans and campers are just too dull, so he came up with the idea of converting a traditional horse-drawn Romany cart to a modern towable appliance which would be both comfortable and a head-turner. The Twagon, now being produced by his firm Wildwood Design, is basically an old fashioned bow-top gypsy caravan, but it sits on a modern galvanised steel chassis and so passes all the stringent vehicle licensing authority tests, making it a fully towable, roadworthy camping trailer. I visited Chris in his workshops at Broadwindsor near the Dorset-Devon border to find out more about these remarkable caravans, which come tailor-made from around £11,500.
“People have played around with the idea a bit before, but only played around,” 38-yearold Chris told me. “Shepherds’ huts are quite a big thing nowadays, aren’t they? But this project is saying that there’s also this as a possibility. It doesn’t just have to sit in your garden like a shepherd’s hut. You can get out and use it as a towing caravan. “The last one I manufactured has spent the entire summer being taken around,” Chris added, quoting his more-than-satisfied customer, Pascoe Needle, who bought a Twagon earlier this year. “After many years of owning an old VW camper van, my wife and I reluctantly felt we needed a change for something that was more reliable and that didn’t need re-packing every time we wanted to nip out for the day,” says Pascoe. “We couldn’t stomach the idea of a white caravan or trailer tent, and thought something unique, beautiful and very much our own was the way to go. “Having considered the very limited options in this market, we discovered the Twagon. Chris was really approachable and accommodating with our bespoke needs, and helped us develop our Twagon, while retaining the essence of a traditional bow-top. “We have used the Twagon on a number of
Chris Ward is currently working on his third Twagon at his workshop in Broadwindsor. He says: ‘There are lights, beds, a kitchen area. They’re such a lovely space, and easy to heat’
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PICTURES: RICHARD AUSTIN AND NANCY CASTLE
occasions now and look forward to international travelling over the coming years. It is very easy to tow and manoeuvre, and is a delight for our family of four to be in.” Chris, who studied woodworking at the Lyme Regis Boat Building Academy, told me: “The first one I built just last year. I had to design the whole thing, but I’ve kept it as close to a traditional bow-top as possible. The only difference is that it is placed on a chassis. “The Roma design probably started in India centuries ago. “My knowledge has come from people within the travelling community – and from some books. It’s been a massive process. Once the idea came along, I saw it as an opportunity to create a product. And I thought there was potential there when I discovered there wasn’t really anything else like it. “The chassis has to be brand new,” he explained. “They have to be tested by the vehicle licensing people for roadworthiness, so they’ve got all the paperwork. It’s not particularly heavy – in fact the Twagon is probably lighter than a normal caravan. They’re only 900 kilos, so easily towable, partly because they feature the canvas stretched over the bent ash wood.” I asked Chris what passers-by make of the Twagon when he’s towing one out on the open road. “It certainly turns heads,” he replied. “If I stop somewhere like a garage car park for a sandwich, I’ll be there for ages – it’s unbelievable. People come up and want to talk about it. My attitude towards it is this: this is a caravan – people can come here, pick up the Twagon they’ve ordered and drive off and stay in it that night. There are lights, beds, a kitchen area. They’re such a lovely space, and easy to heat,” he added. “There’s a little wood burning stove, and it’s so warm. You’ve got an insulated floor – all made of natural material.” Chris is currently making a truly traditional flat-topped, four-wheel wagon for a customer whose hobby is carriage-driving with horses – but already has a modified chassis and materials ready and waiting for his next Twagon customer.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 9
People Eva Jones
James Blunt released his debut album Back To Bedlam in 2004 – it sold 11 million copies. And it became the 16th best-selling British album ever. After his fourth album Moon Landing was released last month, the Wiltshire-born songwriter and former Army captain answers our questions and reveals he’s keen to go back to his roots, says he wasn’t a cool teenager, and believes that being sensitive shouldn’t be considered a bad thing
How does it feel to come back with your fourth album? I’m very excited. I’m sure every musicians says that, but I suppose for me, this has been a... journey – that word... But I’ve got back to the way I recorded Back To Bedlam, which had all that innocence and charm, and then something amazing happened and it took off. Originally, I was an independent artist, on a tiny label called Custard Records, and I was being produced by Tom Rothrock, who had worked with Badly Drawn Boy, Beck and Elliott Smith. Then it had a song on it that took it away from being an independent album, and
took to the mainstream, which is somehow classed as a dirty word.
How did that change your music? Well, all of a sudden I was playing gigs to between 20,000 and 40,000 people, recording in Mark Knopfler’s studio, touring all over the world and writing songs which kind of secondguessed what an audience might want. For this album I decided that I should do what I wanted, get back to Tom Rothrock and record with him in this very simple way. He wanted to make a more personal, honest record, which was fantastic. This is the album I would’ve recorded if Back To Bedlam hadn’t have been such a success and gone mainstream.
Couldn’t you have just released it then and the fanbase would’ve just had to accept it? To a degree, yes, but you have to release something fitting to the size of audience you’re playing to. Also, there were so many
Almondsbury Forge Former Army captain and Tidworth boy James Blunt is back with a new album more people listening to my music after Back To Bedlam, more than I could ever have imagined, and I didn’t want to be so open in front of all those people. So I hid behind other people, like the touring band I used to record my second and third albums with. Knowing there is a huge audience out there isn’t a burden, of course, but there is a pressure that makes you make music for them. I’m really lucky, I know that, and this is a great position to be in.
Bones, thematically, seems to underpin the rest of the album
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10 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
Yes, and it’s a song my band and I can’t wait to play live. The lyrics are about not being a cool teenager; “I’ve never been a beautiful boy, I’ve never liked the sound of my own voice”. That’s quite clear to me and obviously about me. It harks back to a time when the world was a lot simpler than when you’ve sold a lot of records and become famous. There’s a fallibility to the whole thing, understanding what you’ve got going for yourself. I wrote that when I really started to get an idea of where the album was going, that it was going to be more reflective. I wanted to get back to being songwriter, to remind people what I am, that I aspire to be a songwriter like Elliott Smith or Cat Power.
vulnerability and awareness as a songwriter isn’t weak at all.
Are you scaling down touring and the venues you’ll play? When we start touring there will be five in the band, whereas there had been six before. The size of the venues, I’m not so sure I need to scale that back. I’ve found that I can make a large room feel like an intimate space. I’ve always played Goodbye, My Lover just me and a piano, and felt comfortable and confident doing that.
Your albums have all been released three years apart. How have you filled your time since the last album in 2010? I’m on a strict schedule. I released the album, then went on tour for two years, then went home and washed my clothes, and this album has taken a year to make. It sometimes feels like I’m away for a lot longer because I do tour so much in other parts of the world, and in Britain, we focus very much on what happens in Britain. The media often thinks if I’m touring in Australia or South America that I’ve disappeared, but that’s not the case. At least Brits are getting some fresh air and some time away from me, I suppose.
When are you going to be touring?
Do people forget that? To a degree, and perhaps I did too. If I’m out filling an arena, it’s easy to forget you once wanted to play intimate venues. And sometimes you’re made to feel ashamed of the things you do well. People talk about “sensitive singer songwriters”, and there’s nothing very tough, or desirable, with the word sensitive being used as a negative. So you counter by playing the electric guitar and become more brash. I think that’s missing the point, and
We announced very recently, and it’s going to be April, which is all part of a huge European tour which kicks off in February. I love touring, we have a phenomenal time. South America is great, North America too, Europe, Scandinavia in particular. It’s funny, most of my single male friends want to come out to see me when I play in Scandinavia...
For more information go to www.jamesblunt.com
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Food Chris Rundle
M’learned friend Richard says he cannot remember a better year for vegetables. Not simply for the quantity that has come off the land but the quality. And that, he assures me (and he knows about these things) is all down to the weather, specifically the hot, dry summer. Vegetables being in constant need of water they have been forced to send their roots deeper and deeper into the soil and in drawing up enough moisture to keep themselves from desiccating have pulled up considerable quantities of minerals at the same time. Which has, so he says, enhanced their flavour to a spectacular degree. And who am I to argue with a man who grows them for a living? Minerals are, after all, what give much of our fruit and vegetables their special flavour, which is why there is no comparison between a hydroponically grown strawberry that you might encounter in the shops at this time of the year and one picked from a baking hot bed in a well-fertilised field at the height of the natural season. Indoor growers may well add mineral solutions to the water to replicate field conditions but they rarely, if ever, match up. Vegetables including brassicas and roots are certainly looking extremely healthy at the moment but you should also think carefully about where you buy them. Supermarket vegetables will probably have spent several days in transit and in distribution centres before arriving on the shelves. Then there are farm shops, usually the best places to source vegetables because theoretically they have come from local farms. But only theoretically. The fact is that many of the “farm shops” that have sprung up recently to take advantage of consumers’ growing preference for independent food retailers are trading under false pretences. Some planning authorities do impose conditions on premises describing themselves as farm shops. But this is an entire market sector where the planning laws and trading regulations need to be tightened up. Ultimately it’s the farmers’ market which is going to offer you your freshest vegetables but if a farm shop is your only option then don’t be afraid to ask where the goods have been sourced from. Cornish spring greens are one of my favourites, with a fabulous, iron-rich flavour that makes them an ideal accompaniment to roast meat. They were once limited to a single, annual, springtime appearance until a sharpwitted businessman from the other end of the country pointed out to the growers that the Cornish climate was mild enough to support production of this premium product 12 months of the year. And thank goodness he did: they make the best bubble and squeak.
Cornish spring greens pie Ingredients One head of Cornish spring greens; two large leeks; two Spanish onions; 50g butter; 12 grindings of nutmeg; 20 grindings of black
pepper; 1tspn salt; 2tspns dried tarragon; two large eggs; 4tblspns crème fraiche
Method Trim, wash and finely slice the leeks and finely slice the onions. Melt the butter in a heavy-bottomed pan and sweat the vegetables slowly for 10 to 12 minutes, stirring now and then to prevent sticking. Separate the Cornish greens leaves and drop into a large pan of boiling, salted water for two minutes. Remove, drain and dry and cut away the central vein from each leaf. Generously butter a flan dish or tin and carefully line it with the leaves, allowing plenty of overlap and reserving one large one for the top. In a large bowl beat the eggs then whip in the crème fraiche with the salt, pepper, nutmeg and tarragon. Stir the leek and onion mixture in and mix well. Tip into the flan dish, cover with the overlapping leaves and top off with the final reserved leaf to fully encase the filling. Cover tightly with foil. Pre-heat the oven to 180C gas mark 4 and fill a roasting pan with a half-inch depth of boiling water. Place the flan dish or tin in the pan and bake for an hour. Remove the foil and bake for a further 15 minutes. Serve warm or cold.
Bubble and squeak with stilton and bacon Ingredients 600g peeled floury potatoes; six leaves of Cornish spring greens or a dozen large Brussels sprouts; 100g butter; 100ml double cream; 1tblspn fresh chopped thyme; 20 grindings black pepper; 2tspns salt; 50g Stilton or other blue cheese; eight rashers dry-cured smoked bacon
Method Remove the central veins from the greens and chop roughly or, if using sprouts, cut in half. Set the potatoes to boil in salted water and place the greens or sprouts in a steamer on top. Once the potatoes are cooked, drain and dry out in the pan over a moderate flame. Chop the greens or sprouts on a board. Add 75g of the butter to the potatoes and mash well then work in the cream, thyme and chopped greens or sprouts. Add the salt and pepper and check the seasoning. Melt the remaining butter in a heavy frying pan and when it starts to sizzle add the potato mixture and flatten out into a cake. Cook over a medium heat for eight minutes, shaking now and then to avoid sticking. Invert on to a plate and slide back into the pan to cook the other side on a slightly lower heat for five minutes. Grill the bacon and reserve. Crumble the cheese over the top of the bubble and squeak and place the pan under a pre-heated grill for 30 seconds. Serve topped with the bacon.
Winter vegetable pasties Ingredients One pack of puff pastry, four large sticks of celery; two medium carrots; two medium onions; one large leek; two medium turnips; 1tblspn chopped mixed tarragon and chervil; 2tpns salt; 12 grindings black pepper; dash of white wine; 4tblspns double cream; beaten egg to glaze
Method
It’s been a great year for vegetables... well, at least Chris Rundle’s friend says that anyway
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De-strong the celery sticks with a vegetable peeler, cut into four lengthways and chop into dice. Peel the turnips and carrots and cut into small dice, roughly chop the onions, split the leek lengthways and chop roughly. Place all the vegetables in a bowl and add the black pepper and a dash of white wine. Mix well. Divide the puff pastry into four and roll out to eight-inch diameter circles. Moisten the edges with a little water and divide the mixture between them. Sprinkle with salt then fold the pastry over and crimp to form a seal. Make a steam vent in the top. Transfer to a baking sheet and glaze with beaten egg. Bake for an hour at a quarter at 190C gas mark 5. Ten minutes before the end of baking pour a tablespoon of cream into each one using baking parchment for a funnel. WCL-E01-S2
Eating out Mark Taylor
What a difference a day makes. In the name of research, I visited Café Ronak twice. This was in the space of just one week and it was like being in two entirely different places. On the first visit, this well-established Gloucester Road café, in Bristol, was packed, buzzy and difficult to find a table. A week later, it was like climbing aboard the Mary Celeste. It was eerily quiet, virtually empty and the buzz of the previous week had completely dissipated. When I commented on how quiet it was, the chap making my coffee said it might be because some of the locals had been sucked, Dyson-like, up the road to check out the new branch of Boston Tea Party, which had opened the previous day. Of course, any major new opening is sure to create a few ripples for other businesses, but I’m sure it’s a temporary blip for Café Ronak, which has a loyal following in a stretch of Gloucester Road already teeming with cafés. A narrow, deep room leading out to a covered and leafy courtyard, this friendly café has an eclectic, higgledy-piggeldy look with colourful walls, (some clad in what looks like cross sections of tree trunks), leather sofas and the chillax sounds of Norah Jones. crooning away in the background. The chalkboard menus on the walls offer a wide range of dining options for breakfast or lunch. There is a selection of all-day breakfasts, in various sizes and combinations, numerous paninis, baguettes and filled jacket potatoes as well as the more interesting range of salads, burgers, wraps and mezze dishes. Salads include the Caesar Supreme and wraps include the (appallingly named) vegetarian-friendly Bohemian Wrhapsody (herbed couscous, hummus, spinach, tomatoes, carrot, mixed fruit, nuts and seeds). I went for the special Persian mezze (£6 for one, £11 for two people), a well-presented dish comprising two very good falafels, a smoky homemade aubergine dip, a ramekin of creamy hummus, a portion of good quality feta cheese, olives and sunblushed tomatoes, served with enough warm toasted wholemeal pitta bread to mop it all up with. There was a bit of a delay with my coffee – actually, that’s an understatement as it arrived just as I finished the food despite two gentle reminders – but the staff were so apologetic and friendly, they were forgiven. And anyway, the coffee (supplied by Bristol roasters Brian Wogan) was well made and had a good flavour. On the second visit, the coffee arrived without delay with a slice of moist, spicy carrot cake (£2.50) , but then there were so few customers around me that any delay would have been unforgiveable.
Venue Café Ronak, 169 Gloucester Road, Bristol, BS7 8BE Contact 0117 3070392
REFRESHING FARE Mike Moore, from Fentimans Ltd, is pictured with his ginger beers at Lacock Abbey’s Cheers Day, an event that included barrel rolling and stalls
PICTURE: CLARE GREEN PICTURE: FRAN STOTHARD
Bristol’s coffee revolution continues to grow apace as more independent artisan coffee houses open across the city. The latest is Full Court Press, located in a former shop a couple of doors from Christ Church in Broad Street. It’s the brainchild of Matt North, who has worked in the coffee business for the past decade, in national chains and local independents, and in sales and as a coffee machine engineer. What he doesn’t know about the industry you could probably write on the back of a coffee filter paper.
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With a few wooden Ikea tables, a handful of stools and a Victorian fireplace and stained glass window at the far end, it’s a simple whitewashed room. This is a café where it’s all about the coffee – although they serve good loose leaf tea from Bristol’s Canton Tea Company and there is a small selection of locally made pastries and cakes from Hart’s Bakery, Bosh and Coco Rosey. They take their coffee very seriously here. Every shot is weighed to the gram and each drink is timed to the second and served at the correct temperature. The coffees change every few days and there are usually two specifically for filter (served black) and two for espressobased drinks. Each comes with tasting notes, as you might expect when buying wine. On this occasion, the filters included Clifton Coffee’s Hope Project AB from Tanzania with its promised flavours of “black tea, rhubarb, berries” and the espresso coffees included the
Mark Taylor had to visit Café Ronak twice, top, to get better service; Matt North, of Full Court Press, should be proud his business, says Mark Taylor Guatemalan Santa Isabel roasted by Round Hill in Bath, which offered “morello cherries, cocoa and walnuts” as an espresso or ‘fudge, chocolate, nuts’ with milk. I went for a flat white made using the Las Lajas Perla Negra, a Costa Rican coffee roasted by London’s Caravan roasters. The tasting notes promised “plums, raisins and muscovado” as an espresso or “caramel and malt” with milk and the description was were spoton, although my less polished palate may have said “Cadbury’s Caramel and banana chocolate loaf ”. But then that’s the joy of experiencing all these new coffees – everybody’s palate is different and a big part of visiting Full Court Press is that it’s an education in itself.
Venue Full Court Press, 59 Broad Street, Bristol, BS1 2EJ Contact 07794 808552
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 13
Food Andy Welch
Those lists of things to do before you die are all the rage. But what about those things you should eat – perhaps a last supper request. Simon Rimmer, best known as the cook on Channel 4’s Sunday Brunch, was among those deciding what had to appear in the top 50 food experiences, in a project out together by Kenwood, along with a panel of experts including critic Giles Coren, Waitrose magazine editor and sometime MasterChef judge William Sitwell and Great British Bake Off finalist Miranda Gore Brown. “There are many things that play a part, aside from ego and desire of those on the panel,” he explains. “First, we had to know where to pitch it. With myself, William and Giles, the natural inclination was to think about the most amazing thing we’d ever eaten, or the most unbelievable experience, but then you think what your mum might want, what my kids would like or what I’d like them to do.” As a result, alongside visiting certain restaurants around the world, there are some simpler, yet truly rewarding experiences among the 50. Cooking a curry from scratch is one of them, for example. Not something that should trouble even the most amateur home cook, and not needlessly extravagant, but something we should all do at least once. Catching a fish and cooking it on the beach is another. OK, it’s not something you could do each day for your tea, but it does sound quite romantic. Baking a chocolate cake with your children perhaps typifies the idea of simple pleasure. “When that one came up everyone around the table just said ‘Oh yes, absolutely’,” says Rimmer, who says he’s done around 40 of the final 50 on the list. There were three items he was particularly keen to fight for, and number one was Betty’s Tea Room in Harrogate. Rimmer loves the place – he had his wedding reception in the York branch of the tea room and says he’d recommend a visit to anyone. “It’s deliriously overpriced, but the level of service and quality of food make it worthwhile. You might pay £7 for a piece of fruitcake, but then if you were sitting opposite the Place de l’Opera in Paris, you wouldn’t moan about your nine-euro coffee, you’d just admire the view. These aren’t about everyday experiences, I’m not suggesting going there is something you do on your way to work.” He wasn’t quite so lucky with ‘eating cold baked beans from the can’ and ‘eating a doner kebab’ – perhaps the rest of the panel don’t know what it’s like to be a hungry, drunk student – but his choice of fish and chips made the grade. “I even stated which chippy it should be – and that’s Seniors just outside Blackpool,” he says, explaining it exemplifies everything that’s great about a local institution. “It was very tough deciding these things, and the meetings were fraught with lots of shouting,” says Rimmer. “The thing is, if we’d been asked to make a list of 500, we could’ve done it, but I’m very pleased with the 50 things we’ve chosen. I honestly think it’s a list for everyone.” Here are two top 50 foodie experiences for you to try at home...
French onion soup by Jean-Christophe Novelli Foodie experience: Making your own soup Ingredients for four
50g unsalted butter; 1tblspn olive oil; 1kg red onions, thinly sliced; one sprig fresh thyme, stalks removed; two bay leaves; 3tspns caster sugar; 750ml dry white wine; 350ml hot vegetable stock; 1tblspn lemon juice; salt and pepper For the croutons: one baguette; one garlic clove, peeled; 180g Gruyere cheese, sliced; freshly ground black pepper; pinch paprika
Method
Melt the butter in a large saucepan with the oil and gently cook the onions for six to eight minutes or until softened. Add the herbs and seasoning, sprinkle over the sugar and cook for a further five minutes. Pour in the wine and raise the heat. Bring back to the boil and simmer to reduce for 10 minutes. Add the hot stock, bring back to the boil and simmer for 25 minutes. When you are ready to serve the soup, preheat the grill. Slice the baguette diagonally and dry-fry in a heavy-based pan without oil or butter. While it’s toasting, rub a clove of garlic on the bottom of the pan to infuse the bread. When the baguette pieces are golden brown, top with the sliced cheese, grind over the pepper, sprinkle with the paprika, and grill for two to three minutes until the cheese is bubbling. Just before serving the soup, add the lemon juice and stir. Ladle into hot bowls and top with the cheesy croutons. Serve immediately.
Chorizo scotch eggs with pepper chutney by Simon Rimmer Foodie experience: British ale with a scotch egg Ingredients for six
Six hard-boiled eggs, cooked for a maximum of six minutes; 175g sausage meat; 75g finely diced chorizo; 1tblspn chopped parsley; 1tblspn finely chopped chives; 75g breadcrumbs; 75g polenta; oil for frying; plenty of salt and white pepper For the pepper chutney: one red onion, sliced; four red peppers, finely sliced, one clove garlic, sliced; eight gherkins, chopped; 1tblsp capers; 100g demerara sugar; 100ml red wine vinegar; one bird’s eye chilli, finely chopped
Method
Mix the sausage meat, chorizo, parsley and chives together and season generously. Divide into 16 pieces and press flat. Shell the egg, then roll it in flour to make sure it has a dry surface and the other things stick to it properly. Roll it in a little beaten egg, then wrap the sausage/ chorizo mix around it. Combine the polenta and breadcrumbs. Roll the eggs in breadcrumbs/polenta mixture. Deep fry at 180C for four minutes, turning regularly. To make the chutney, fry the onion, garlic
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and chilli for three to four minutes to soften. Add the peppers, and cook for two minutes. Add the sugar and vinegar, boil for ten minutes, and take off heat. Finally add the capers, gherkins, season and cool. Serve the chutney with Scotch eggs and a little pretty salad garnish.
50 foodie things to do before you die 1 Baking chocolate cake with your kids 2 Takeaways with posh plonk 3 Afternoon tea at Betty’s (Harrogate) 4 Eating Beluga caviar 5 Dining at Chez Panisse (California) 6 Eating a hot dog at a baseball game 7 Coffee and croissants in a Parisian café 8 Fresh British asparagus 9 Collecting and cooking fresh eggs 10 Breakfast at The Wolseley (London) 11 Bread and butter pudding 12 Cornish clotted cream 13 Catching and cooking a mackerel on a beach 14 Marinated barbecued lamb 15 Crispy crackling 16 Curing raw fish at home 17 Cooking a curry from scratch 18 Growing your own vegetables 19 Dining at Racine (London) 20 Chocolate fondant pudding
21 Fresh seafood by the sea 22 Fresh honeycomb 23 Chocolate eclairs 24 Set lunch menu at Le Gavroche (London) 25 Greengages 26 Blackberry picking 27 Dining at L’Enclume (Cumbria) 28 Visiting Jamaa El Fna Square (Marrakesh) 29 Home-made mayonnaise 30 Woodland glade picnic 31 Learning to joint a chicken 32 Baking your own bread 33 Lunch at The Walnut Tree (Abergavenny) 34 Cooking a perfectly timed Sunday roast 35 Making your own soup 36 Early morning breakfast at Carnegie Deli (New York) 37 Making your own marmalade 38 Making ice cream 39 Tapas in San Miguel market (Madrid) 40 Pork pies 41 Dawn fry-up at Smithfield Market (London) 42 International wine trail 43 British ale with a Scotch egg 44 Sushi at Tsukiji fish market (Tokyo) 45 Takeaway fish’n’chips 46 Guinness at the Stag’s Head, Dublin 47 Dining at The Seahorse (Devon) 48 Wild British strawberries 49 Toasting a haggis with whisky 50 Street food in Asia
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Foodie treat Mark Taylor The New West Country Cook Book is a new 320page tome showcasing the West Country’s culinary talent and high quality produce through 75 home-cooked recipes provided by 17 of the top chefs in the region. The book is the brainchild of Cornwallbased photographer David Griffen. Contributors include established names such as two-Michelin star chefs Nathan Outlaw and Gloucester-born Tom Kerridge, Michael Caines, Mitch Tonks and Mark Hix, as well as rising stars such as Sam Moody (Bath Priory), Tom Blake (of The Swan at Wedmore) and Josh Eggleton (Pony & Trap, Chew Magna). And this lamb recipe is fromthe Michelinstarred Pony & Trap. Josh says: “This is ideal for any dinner party and can be prepared in advance. Once cooked, while you leave the lamb to rest for half an hour, you can relax and enjoy a drink with your guests.”
Stuffed saddle of lamb Ingredients for six to eight One saddle of lamb, boned out and trimmed of some, but not all, of the fat; eight cloves of garlic; eight sprigs of rosemary For the stuffing: 200g sausage meat; nine prunes, stoned; 200g spinach, stalks removed; 25g butter; one pinch freshly-grated nutmeg; 50ml port; 30g breadcrumbs; salt and pepper to season
Method
To make the stuffing: Place the prunes into a small saucepan. Add the port and bring up to the boil. Remove from the heat and allow to cool. Wash the spinach and pick off the stalks.
Bettys Cafe Tea Room in Harrogate, Yorkshire, left, where the cake may be over-priced, says Simon Rimmer, but it’s worth every penny; making French onion soup, above; and scotch eggs, top, are great foodie experiences
Comfort food Rosa Mashiter It was good news last week to hear that the UK economy is showing growth but bad news that our domestic gas and electric are yet again going to increase at a whopping rate. A good way of stretching the budget I believe is to make good use of the wide variety of vegetables and pulses available to produce delicious and nutritious dishes. What is important is to shop that little more carefully, and make sure that you buy good produce at the best price you can achieve. I have certainly noticed a change in the way people are shopping at my local supermarket, with more people using “own brand” products and eating more seasonally. I also have noticed that prices are the local greengrocers are, given the odd exceptions, not only on par with local supermarkets, but a lot of their produce is local and cheaper – so do support your local greengrocer.
Chickpea, lentil and squash curry Ingredients for six One large onion; 2tblspns vegetable oil; 1tspn ground coriander; 1tspn ground cumin; 1tspn
turmeric; 3tspns garam masala; 1tspn chilli powder; ½tspn ground cinnamon; ¼tspn ground ginger; 150g red lentils; ½ butternut squash; 650ml vegetable stock (use 2 stock cubes and water); 400g tin chickpeas; 125g fresh baby spinach; juice of a lemon; 1tblspn chopped fresh coriander; 1tbspn chopped fresh mint
Method
Peel and thinly slice the onion. Peel and roughly chop the butternut squash. Heat the oil in a large pan and over a medium heat sauté off the onion until soft and transparent. Stir in the garam masala and cook for one minute, then add the rest of the spices mixing well and cook for a further minute before stirring in the lentils and squash together with 650ml of vegetable stock. Bring to the boil, then lower the heat to simmer until the lentils are thick and mushy in consistency. Add the chickpeas and spinach and stir well until the spinach wilts, bring the mixture to just below boiling point. Remove from the heat and stir in the lemon juice, coriander and mint and serve immediately with chappatis or naan bread.
Vegetarian creole jambalaya Ingredients 25g butter; 1tblspn vegetable oil; two cloves garlic; one large onion; six spring onions; two sticks celery; one green pepper; one red
pepper; ½tspn ground cumin; couple of dashes Tabasco sauce; 200g long grain rice; 1tspn dried basil; 400g tin chopped tomatoes; 400ml vegetable stock (use stock cube and water); 400g tin sweetcorn; salt and freshly ground black pepper; 4tblspns chopped fresh parsley; wedges of lemon or lime for garnish
Method
Peel and crush the garlic. Peel and chop the onion. Trim and chop the spring onions. Deseed and chop the red and green peppers. Heat the butter with the oil in a paella pan (if you do not have one use a large wide deep frying pan) add the rice, cumin and Tabasco and stir fry for a couple of minutes, then add the thyme, tomatoes and stock, bring to the boil, stir well and reduce the heat and cover with a lid, and allow to simmer gently for about 15 to 20 minutes, stirring from time to time until the rice is tender and the stock absorbed. Stir in the sweetcorn and season with salt and pepper and continue to cook to heat through. Sprinkle over the chopped parsley and serve garnished with lemon or lime wedges.
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Stuffed saddle of lamb is ideal for a dinner party Heat the butter in a wide-based pan until foaming. Add the spinach and nutmeg. Remove from the heat and stir until the spinach has wilted. Season with salt and pepper, then set aside until later. When cool, chop the prunes and the spinach. Add to the sausage meat with the breadcrumbs. Combine all the ingredients thoroughly and chill. To prepare the lamb: The fillets should be loose; remove them and set aside. Score the fat both ways to form 1cm-sized diamonds. Turn the saddle, fat side down. Place a cylinder of the stuffing in the middle of the joint. Place the fillets on top, with the thick ends opposite each other. Top with some more stuffing and season with salt and pepper. Lift one of the ends and roll it over the loins. Repeat this for the other side and ensure the joint is tightly rolled. Tie with plenty of string so the joint holds its shape. For cooking, season the outside. Preheat the oven to 200°C. Sear the joint all over in a large frying pan. Transfer the joint to the roasting tin with the garlic and rosemary. Roast in the preheated oven for 30 minutes. Remove from the oven and cover with foil. Leave to rest for 30 minutes. The lamb should be medium to medium-rare.
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 15
Absolute Corkers Ned Halley
Watering hole The Trooper Inn
The Alsace region produces some wonderful pinot grigio, such as Jean Biecher & Fils Pinot Gris Reserve 2011 which can be bought online from Morrisons
Pinot grigio has made Italian white wine fashionable again. It’s the café wine of Venice. And this certainly helps. But it’s really the pleasantly easy, fresh appeal of the wine that seems to have done the trick for drinkers here in Britain. The name pinot grigio rolls off the tongue with a certain Italian brio. There’s an argument that it sounds a bit more stylish than Aussie chardonnay, a little less of a mouthful than New Zealand sauvignon blanc. But the pinot grigio is not Italian at all. It’s French. The name is just a translation from pinot gris (“grey pinot”), a grape variety native to Burgundy. The name positions the variety neatly between its two cousins, the white pinot blanc, now mostly cultivated in Alsace, and the black pinot noir, the grape that makes all the great red wines of Burgundy, and much of the sparkling wine of Champagne, too. There are at least fifty shades to the grey pinot. The PG – to abbreviate and internationalise it – is neither a green nor a black grape, but somewhere betwixt. The skins might be a grey-blue, resembling pinot noir, or even a russet-pink, causing confusion with pinot blanc. And PG covers a wide span of wine styles, too, from the palest, lightest and driest of whites to the most lavishly rich and unctuous “dessert” wines. It’s mostly down to location. The pinot grigio you find in the supermarkets and wine bars comes from the Veneto region of northeast Italy, where it is now produced on an industrial scale for export markets such as Britain and the United States. The basic wines are just off-dry, with aromas and fruit that might make you think of apples or pears. The best ones are fresh and lively, and moderately priced.
Asda Wine Selection Pinot Grigio 2012 at £4.50 is among the cheapest of the ownlabel PGs. It has a lively sweet-pear fruit and decent acidity which makes it more interesting than some. Over at Waitrose, try La Vis Vigneti di Montagna Pinot Grigio 2012, reduced until Tuesday next from £9.99 to a proper bargain £6.66. This is from north of the Veneto in the Trentino region, where the sub-Alpine conditions seem to be auspicious. This is an exceptional PG, generously coloured, ripe with crisp-apple fruit and an exotic note of clove with an elegant, tangy citrus finish. Palatia Pinot Grigio 2012 at £8.49 from Marks & Spencer is from Germany, and a PG in a class of its own. The Germans used to call PG Grauburgunder (“Burgundy grey”) or more commonly the Ruländer, but now that the Italian name for the variety has so caught on, it’s understandable they should wish to capitalize on its vogue. This M&S wine is a treat under any name, limey, smoky and stonily fresh with long orchard fruits and a satisfying weight. In France, the PG is now virtually unknown in Burgundy, but prospers in another of the nation’s classic regions, Alsace. As a good-value introduction to the style, try Jean Biecher & Fils Pinot Gris Reserve 2011 at £7.99 from Morrisons’ online shop. It’s an ideally poised and quite dry, smoky-spicy Alsace
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wine with deliciously exotic and layered herbaceous, orchard flavours. Amazing value for this quality. Italian PG producers can congratulate themselves on making the market for this interesting wine style. It does not compete with the pinot gris wines of Alsace, and you could be forgiven for wondering if the two styles have any connection barring the common grape variety. But the Italians had best not rest on their laurels, because their ever-enterprising rivals in the southern hemisphere are catching on to the PG boom fast. Try, for example The Co-operative Premium Marlborough Pinot Grigio 2012 at £9.99 from the Co-op. This is a fascinating aromatic dry white from New Zealand in which I detected a lovely grafefruit twang on the nose, accompanied by what I swear was a note of broad bean, though I might have imagined it. Whatever the case, this is a typically complex and nuanced Kiwi dry white wine of real character, and definitely a new spin on the PG theme. A gorgeous match for Asian dishes and anything smoky. I equally like Wither Hills Pinot Gris 2012 at £10.49 from Waitrose, and not just because this winery has held to the more-appropriate name of the grape. This is in fact a wine made in the Alsace tradition, aromatic, intense, smoky, spicy and rich, but with the hallmark minerality and vivacity of fruit that makes New Zealand such an exciting source of wines of all kinds.
Congratulations to Kevin and Zena Staunton, owner-operators of The Trooper Inn, which has been named the Camra Wessex Regional Pub of the Year, 2013. The judges praised the warm welcome and good service as well as the ales, and following our own visit last week, Mrs Halley and I concur. It’s a charming little one-room inn at the heart of a picturesque Blackmore Vale village, and quite busy with friendly, chatty locals on the wet lunchtime we popped in last week. Oddly enough, there were just two beers on draft, Cornish Coaster and Doom Bar, both from Sharpe’s Brewery at Rock in Cornwall, and both in beautiful condition, as might be expected. The pub’s in good nick, too. It’s a plain sort of 18th-century building, with stripped stone internal walls and an inglenook large enough to accommodate a bench and table at one end. The furniture is all rather good, and each table was adorned with a vase containing a single, elegant rose. There are agreeable quirks. Pictures aplenty include old village scenes, a photo montage of Irish writers, mostly looking grumpy (especially Samuel Beckett) and a large framed print we were convinced was a Rothko. There’s no canned music, and when the phone rang behind the bar it did so with the ring of the pre-trimphone (let alone mobile) era. It was indeed a vintage instrument (well, 1980s maybe), and rang with merry regularity. Music to my ears. We were just in time for a sandwich, and glad of it. The sausage and onion in gorgeous fresh granary bread (£5.50) was special, and came on a little board all of its own. Mrs H was well pleased with her breaded butterfly king prawns and chilli dip, also £5.50. It’s a sensible and attractive menu. The pub has other attractions. There’s a skittle alley, and to the rear there are pitches and facilities for camping. The Trooper, previously known as The Catherine Wheel and re-named after a stint as an army-recruitment office during the Napoleonic wars, is an understated pub well cared for and well run. I hope it goes on to win Camra’s national award, coming up soon. Ned Halley
Wine of the Week Kuhlmann-Platz Pinot Gris 2012 is £9.99 from Majestic, or £8.49 if you buy two. This is a textbook example of PG the way they make it in the French province of Alsace. Made by the co-operative at the quaint village of Hunawihr, it has a fine lemon-gold colour, and a sweet orchardfruit nose; it’s a full, plump wine but quite dry and fresh with clearly defined aromas of crisp conference pear and a lush little autumn note of apricot in there, too. It’s beautifully balanced. Nicolas Garde, the winemaker, is rightly proud of the vintage: “Overall, the 2012 wines were fresh, aromatic and with good crisp acidity,” he says. “As these are the qualities we always look for in our Pinot Gris, together with a dry finish, this really was a good vintage for us.”
The Trooper Inn, Golden Hill, Stourton Caundle, Dorset DT10 2JW. Tel 01963 362405
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 17
Shopping Sam Wylie-Harris
If Hallowe’en brought out your dark side, why not experiment with Gothic interiors? But that doesn’t just mean sticking to boring old black. The latest twist on Gothic includes grey, silver and red. Glamorous and dramatic, the trend also blends striking skull prints with glitzy accessories to add an edgy touch to homes and make a stylish statement. Kevin Parkin, head of design for Littlewoods.com, says: “This season, the catwalks are bursting with Gothic-inspired collections with a hint of punk style, so we have updated the Gothic trend to create a clean and fresh look for your home. “Start with the colour palette: grey and black tones work as the perfect backdrop on walls and furniture, while silver accessories lift the look and a splash of red adds life to a room.” To get the contemporary Gothic look, try mixing high-gloss furniture with baroquestyle pieces, such as mirrors and chandeliers, to set the tone.
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Get that gothic look... 1. Pitfield Gold Dipped Parrot, £102, Selfridges (call 0800 123 400) 2. Howsham Large Black Rococo Mirror, £285, The Chandelier and Mirror Company (www.chandeliersandmirrors.co.uk) 3. Waterford Crystal John Rocha Muse Leda Cased Black Flute, £155, Chinacraft (www.chinacraft.co.uk) 4. Bordeau Bedside Table in Black and Silver, £249.99, Chi Chi Furniture (www.chichifurniture.com) 5. John Rocha Lace Mug, £6, Debenhams 200 Year Anniversary Collection, Debenhams (www.debenhams.com) 6. Silver Lobby Desk Phone, £65, Liberty (www.liberty.co.uk) 7. Eden Pegasus Cushion – Cerise by Matthew Williamson, £110, Amara (www.amara.com) 8. Large Gypsy Chandelier in Red, £150, The Contemporary Home (www.tch.net) 9. Elysee 2-Door Display Unit, £489, Littlewoods.com (www.littlewoods.com)
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Shopping Lisa Haynes
Some trends focus on prints, others on colour, but this season it’s entirely on touch. The fashion premise is simple: pick two pieces in completely opposing fabrics. Think slick patent skirt with fuzzy angora jumper. Or feathers and leather, or sequins and denim – anything goes, but dramatic contrasts emphasise the two-tone texture. If the concept of clashing gives you a headache, look for garments with spliced fabrics where the texture matches are ready-made for you. With multi-textured layers this cool and cosy, why bother with central heating?
Leather love It’s official, leather is the hottest fabric in fashion. With a 52 per cent increase in leather pieces available online compared to last year, according to fashion database EDITD, it’s moved from a luxury item to an everyday staple. The shift is evident on the high street, with rails of leather skirts, dresses, trousers and tops giving the ubiquitous biker jacket a run for its money. Leather’s popularity is little wonder when you consider its longevity, hardworking qualities and ability to go with just about everything in your wardrobe. Black is the obvious choice, but you can mix things up with chic navy, berry or forest green tones for a stylish twist. If funds are running low, look to pleather – PVC made to resemble matte leather – with a lived-in, grainy texture. PERFECT PAIRING: Team your tough leather staple (skirt or leggings) with a girly fluffy jumper.
High shine Banish visions of Pretty Woman-style kneehigh boots. Patent, PVC and vinyl are of-themoment fabrics the fashion pack can’t get enough of. Look to super-feminine silhouettes like full circle skirts or pretty pleats to offset the dominatrix vibe and swap the bin bag black for candy floss pink or rich burgundy. Be careful – these slick synthetics can add bulk to your frame, so if you’re pear-shaped, avoid wearing on your lower half. If you still want to engage in some gloss, patent accessories will give your outfit an instant lift. Try shoes and bags so shiny that you can almost see your reflection. PERFECT PAIRING: Work your patent next to a woolly cable knit for the ultimate contrast.
Patchwork quilt You no longer need to save up for a Chanel bag for some luxurious quilting. Quilted fabrics are adorning jumpers, skirts, dresses and boots, as well as slightly more affordable bags. Designer Victoria Beckham made quilting a big feature of her collection for spring 2014, so the look is set to stick around. The quilt effect can be as dramatic as you dare on clothing. Opt for subtle embossed grooves if you’re feeling cautious, or bold diamonds to really make an impact. Accessories are the most accessible way to work quilted couture – try a leather bag or riding boots. PERFECT PAIRING: Wear your padded quilts with super-smooth textures like leather or patent.
Razzle dazzle Think showgirl – by day. Feathers, sequins and heavy beading are no longer just for party season. Contrasted with casual pieces, like woolly jumpers and black leather, these eyecatching fabrics are instantly pared down. You’ll also find glistening embellishment on casualwear like sweatshirts and jumpers this season, making them instantly daytime appropriate. Black feathers are best reserved for after dark, so try opulent jewel tones that will transfer easily from day to night. Brocade and jacquard are other textured fabrics that will glide effortlessly from office to dance floor. If full-on sequins or feathers feel a little too West End stage, look to more subtle trims on hems and necklines. PERFECT PAIRING: Bring glitzy textures back down to earth teamed with an everyday slouchy knit.
Furry monster With temperatures plummeting, furry materials are back in a big way, but think outside the big coat box. Separates have been given the fuzzy treatment for a modern take on faux fur – jumpers with fur panels or bags as cuddly as kittens. For a more accessible take on the trend, try faux pony skin panels on tops, skirts and dresses – it has a denser, flatter appearance than “fluffy” fur, making it more flattering on the body. Knits haven’t escaped the teddy bear texture makeover. Check out jumpers and dresses with a fuzzy eyelash finish for a twist on traditional mohair. PERFECT PAIRING: Faux fur and leather are perfect texture teammates – wear in the same tone for a put-together look.
Buy it now...
Wheatsheaf sweater, £110; quilted leather skirt, £179; both NW3 at Hobbs
Debenhams are blowing out the candles to mark 200 years on the high street. Grab a piece of retail history with the Limited Edition Collection from its Designers at Debenhams family. Must-have coats, eveningwear and handbags come in limited supplies, priced from £39 for a purse. The Debenhams 200 Collection is available at www.debenhams.com and in limited stores nationwide.
It’s all about texture this season such as, clockwise from above, this leopard eyelash jumper, £12, from Asda; embellished jumper, £45; statement necklace, £50; cuffs, £20 each; quilted skirt, £35; all from River Island; Emma Lawrie Folk for The Campaign for Wool jumper, £295 (www.folkclothing.com); Topshop Scamp patent leather platforms, £68
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 19
Books Martin Freeman
Charlie Higson has created a monster. His horror series of books has taken over his life. And it’s captured young imaginations too. They began with The Enemy, which gave its name to the set that has yet to reach a finale. That’s despite his best efforts to make the latest, The Fallen, the fifth and final. The series is proving as difficult to dispatch as the zombies who inhabit the pages. “I’ve got The Hidden coming out next year and The End in 2015,” says the Somerset-born writer. “That’s my plan. I hope I don’t have to make The End into two books, Part 1 and Part 2.” The Enemy series has helped achieve two further transformations. To the thirty-plus generation he remains a comedy writer as cocreator (with Paul Whitehouse) of, and actor in, BBC2 sketch series The Fast Show. But to young readers he has become the zombie man. And he has played no small part in the undead creatures’ rise to global dominance of young fiction. Charlie’s appeal across the generations made him a big draw when he appeared at the opening day of the at Plymouth International Book Festival on Hallowe’en. It was a real coup for a festival that is still being established – it is in its second year – and it was secured through Charlie’s friend and fellow horror fan Johnny Mains, a publisher and writer who lives in Ernesettle in Plymouth. Charlie was born in Frome, Somerset, in 1958. His career as a novelist predates his success as a comedy writer. The first of his four horror-tinged thrillers for adults, King Of The Ants, came out in 1992. His gothic literature studies at the University of East Anglia clearly fed into this fascination for the dark, mysterious and frightening. His first career, though, was in music. He sang in funk-punk band The Higsons and had success in the indie charts. Then he turned to comedy writing, teaming with Paul Whitehouse – a friend from university – and Harry Enfield. A string of TV success followed including Saturday Live, The Harry Enfield Television Programme, The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer, Shooting Stars, Randall and Hopkirk Deceased, The Fast Show and a spin-off Swiss Toni. Charlie and Paul went on to create and appear in Down the Line for BBC Radio 4, leading to the BBC2 TV comedy series Bellamy’s People in 2010.
Meanwhile, his Young Bond books introduced him to youthful readers. He wrote five thrillers about the future 007 from 2005-2008. After that he wanted to carry on writing for teenagers but wasn’t sure what to do. “I thought, ‘what genre is popular with the young teenage? Horror’,” says Charlie. “I’ve always been a huge horror fan and my three boys were into it. “Zombies were very popular when I first started writing about them,” the 55-year-old adds. “Now they have gone absolutely crazy. They have taken over the world.” The Enemy came out in 2009 and Charlie braced himself for the reaction. “The publisher was quite nervous about some of the gore and I thought there might be complaints from some librarians and teachers or parents. “But kids are very, very good at self-censoring what they can handle or cannot handle.” Charlie had done his research on his sons who were then aged ten, 14 and 16. “When I was writing the book I was reading it to my kids as a bed-time story. “I thought it was quite gory but I realised that it had to be a lot more extreme than I’d originally thought.” The first, and those that have followed each year since (The Dead, The Fear, The Sacrifice and now The Fallen), have been applauded by critics and devoured by teenagers. For those who remain nervous about the content, Charlie says: “It’s fantasy. It is not real life. “I would rather they [teenagers] got their kicks from that rather than anything real.”
The Fallen by Charlie Higson, published by Penguin, priced £12.99
Comedy writer, actor and now teenage book author Charlie Higson, who comes from Frome, in Somerset, has just published his fifth zombie novel, The Fallen
Books reviews The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt is published in hardback by Little, Brown, priced £20 (ebook £9.50)
Sense and Sensibility by Joanna Trollope is published in hardback by HarperFiction, priced £18.99 (ebook £7.70)
Taking The Fall by A P McCoy, published in hardback by Orion Books on November 7 priced £16.99
The Goldfinch was one of a few paintings by a Dutch master, a pupil of Rembrandt, to survive an explosion in Delft that killed the artist. At the start of Tartt’s novel, the painting survives a second explosion, in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art. It is then rescued from a dust-storm of collapsing rubble by 13-yearold Theo. This book is immense in scope, and its treatment of lofty themes in sensuous passages will bear much re-reading.
This modern adaptation of Jane Austen’s comedy of manners is part of Harper Collins’s six-part series in which popular authors reimagine the classics in modern times. This new version of Sense and Sensibility retains the heart of the original, but this is one of the many reasons it fails. In a lot of ways, the language used is archaic and there is nothing to reach out to a younger generation. Keep the classics classic, Joanna.
The debut racing thriller from 18 times champion jockey A P McCoy sees upand-coming jockey Duncan Claymore bent on revenge against the three superpowerful men who wrecked his trainer-father’s life and reputation. A solid start and holds the course but no great surprises. The 1979 setting begs the question of whether we will see lippy anti-hero Claymore’s career and adventures develop in the future.
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Books Hannah Stephenson
Amanda Holden breezes into the room in beige sweater and cotton trousers. Her blonde hair a little unkempt as, she explains, she’s just taken her daughter Hollie swimming and didn’t have time to blow-dry it. She oozes confidence, but not in a cocky, arrogant way, and has no qualms about being out and about without make-up or dressed down (although she loves putting on the glitz for red carpet events). As a much-loved judge on Britain’s Got Talent, it’s hard to believe that a dozen years ago Holden was branded a marriage wrecker for her affair with Men Behaving Badly star Neil Morrissey, behind her then husband Les Dennis’s back. Today, she’s in a different place. She’s been happily married to record producer Chris Hughes for five years and they have two daughters, Lexi, seven, and Hollie, nearly two. Plus she has a string of TV and theatre acting roles under her belt, as well as the BGT job since 2007. All these events are charted in her autobiography, No Holding Back, which we’re discussing today and, from the outset, it’s clear that Holden’s fun, witty and engaging. She once read in a magazine that Simon Cowell, who hired her for BGT, didn’t like blondes – but he made an exception with Holden because she looked naughty. And then there’s her infectious dirty laugh. She may have been with Hughes for a decade, but it has taken a long time for the negative public perception of her to change, she reflects. Holden, 42, who married Dennis when his career was flourishing and hers was just beginning (she’s 16 years his junior), has long held her hands up to her mistake. “I ruined my reputation – professionally and with the press – but most importantly with the public who’d always been so supportive.” But she’s not terribly complimentary about Dennis in her autobiography, painting a picture of a needy depressive who’d start flaming rows on a whim. “I stand by my statement that women don’t have affairs for sex. You are not happy in your marriage if you seek affirmation somewhere else. “We were together for 10 years. When I saw him do really well on MasterChef I was thrilled, and I’m thrilled for him that he’s happily married with two gorgeous children. He’s with people who cherish him and who are right for him. We were just not right for each other.” She continues: “The thing that angers me is that, if I was a man, it [the bad image] would have all ended years ago. If I was Lenny Henry or Angus Deayton or any of the others, but it’s only ever me. I’m not like this slapper, I haven’t put it about. I was engaged twice. I was a relationship girl.” Britain’s Got Talent has helped her win over the public again. “I owe Simon a debt for that – or he keeps telling me I do! Before that, I had a huge drama career. I was doing Wild At Heart, so I was getting back into the fold of not being a threatening woman, which is how I’d been perceived. “But being on national television [on BGT], being able to be me, then people could really judge me,” she adds. “Not everyone’s going to like me, but at least they can see me and not just read about me.” The catalyst for the book, however, was her brush with death in 2012, after complications arose following the birth of her second daughter Hollie, which made her re-evaluate life. Not even her worst enemies would wish on her the heartbreak she’s endured in recent
years, suffering one miscarriage and one stillbirth when her son, Theo, died when she was 28 weeks’ pregnant, a week before her 40th birthday. She had to give birth by Caesarean and was allowed to hold him before she said goodbye. She was given a photo of him, snuggled in a blanket, which she takes out occasionally to look at. “I still cry when I read that bit of the book,” says Holden. “As much as you put things to rest, it’s always close to the surface and I’m surprised at myself for that, because I’m strong. I will always miss my little boy and I think about him often, and I’ve got my little girl and I’ve moved on, but you just don’t recover from situations like that.” She’s aware of his birthday, of Christmas, and of children her friends had at the time who would be about the same age. “But I’m a fatalist and that wasn’t supposed to be, and I accept that I gave him back,” she says. She soon became pregnant with Hollie, but again it proved tremendously traumatic. “It’s beginning to sound like EastEnders,” she jokes, relaying the story about how she haemorrhaged when her placenta, which had attached to her bladder, was removed, snagging a large artery. She flatlined for 40 seconds before doctors got her heart going again and induced a coma under general anaesthetic for three days. “I joke that when I died I saw God and it was Simon Cowell,” she says wryly, but in reality Holden subsequently sought therapy to come to terms with the experience. “I kept thinking about my own mortality. You think, ‘I’m never going to sweat the small stuff again’, but I wanted to do that. I was being appreciative of absolutely everything. It was all dramatic and heightened. I had no tools left to deal with the smallest things in my life,” she explains. “Finally, I found this lovely woman, went to her for about six sessions and she helped me get my strength back. “I’ve been toughened by this business but I’m a lot softer and more vulnerable than I allow people to ever think.” The years of trauma have brought Holden and her husband closer together. “Chris is a brilliantly humorous, witty person who sees the light in everything, and even he has been massively tested by this.” Her illness also reunited a family that had been torn apart by petty feuds for years. When Holden nearly died, they rallied round, including her sister Debbie, whom she hadn’t spoken to for six years. “My sister and I are really different people. Someone should have just banged our heads together. But every woman in my family is a pain in the arse!” The strong female characters come from her mother, who brought her daughters up virtually single-handedly in their early years as their errant father, a petty officer in the Navy, was hardly ever around and, when he was, squandered his cash on booze. They eventually divorced and Holden’s father never visited the girls. Her mother was left to juggle two or three jobs to make ends meet until she met her second husband, Les. As a child, Holden took up gymnastics and acting, joining her local theatre in Bishop’s Waltham, Hampshire. When her mother and stepfather moved to Bournemouth to open a guesthouse, she studied A-level drama and then moved to London to attend Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts. Before long, she
‘Fun, witty and engaging’ says Hannah Stephenson, Amanda Holden comes across well in her autobiography found herself in a tour of The Sound Of Music, after which she met Les Dennis. The rest is history. She now lives in a lovely house in the Cotswolds but, at 42, won’t risk having any more children. “I’m not having any more, I’m not allowed. The stuff that happened with Hollie wasn’t predicted. If it had been, I wouldn’t have risked my life. I was 41 when I had Hollie. I always tell women to have their babies younger. I would encourage Lexi to have babies younger, otherwise I’ll be in my 80s when I’m a grandmother!”
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No Holding Back by Amanda Holden is published by Simon & Schuster, priced £18.99. Available now
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 21
Books reviews
There are both good and bad books about cider.
Chipping Campden, in Gloucestershire, above; Arlington Row, in Bibury, below; and the view from Broadway Tower in Worcestershire, bottom, are some of England’s best views according to a new book PICTURE: BETTY STOCKER
We all believe we live in the most beautiful county of England, wherever that may be. But author Simon Jenkins has put together a definitive guide of what he believes are England’s most beautiful views. Among them are several in the West Country including Arlington Row in Bibury and Chipping Campden High Street – both in Gloucestershire, as well as the view from Broadway Tower in Worcestershire. In the book, Simon, who is also chairman of the National Trust, says: “Broadway Tower ranks with Dunkery Beacon and Gummer’s
England’s 100 Best Views by Simon Jenkins is published by Profile Books, RRP £25
How as a grand old man among English views. “The tower stands at over 300m, crowning the Cotswold escarpment above the village of Broadway and boasting a visual radius of 60 miles over 16 counties.” The best-selling author of England’s Thousand Best Churches and England’s Thousand Best Houses, roams the country from the white cliffs of Dover to Hadrian’s Wall explaining the fascinating stories behind them all. From roman roads to cliff-tops, follies, mountains, ancient castles and rolling forests it caters for tastes. One of spots to make it into his top 100 is Arlington Row in Bibury. “If scenery could be worn out by photography, Arlington Row would be no more,” he says. “The village of Bibury is Cotswold charm. Already by the 18th century Alexander Pope was remarking on its ‘pleasing prospect’, extraordinary in an age more attracted to landscape than villages. “William Morris dubbed it unequivocally ‘the most beautiful village in England’.” Eva Jones
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Just as some ciders are undrinkable some books about cider are unreadable. They should never have been written. They have been cobbled together by people with a little knowledge but whose writing skills are not merely zero but are prefixed by a minus sign. They are aimless, illiterate, wanderings around the landscape of the cider world which bear all the hallmarks of having been penned while under the influence of the very topic. And then you get World’s Best Cider (Jacqui Small, £25) which is the ultimate, the pinnacle of cider writing. And it comes with a bonus. Because you can immediately throw every other book ever written about cider in the bin and free yourself up some shelf space. Also strike cider books off your wish list for the next ten years at least. Between them beer writer Pete Brown and Somerset-based photographer Bill Bradshaw have produced a readable, enjoyable compendium of cider facts, knowledge, lore and information which veritably does take the reader – as the book itself promises – from Somerset to Seattle. It’s a volume that is worthy of cider’s newfound popularity and status: a serious, comprehensive yet eminently accessible portrait of the current state of play in the endlessly fascinating world of a drink that’s undergoing a renaissance almost everywhere you care to look. Not that it’s something that has been rattled off in the course of the last few months as cider sales here have hit record levels. Bill Bradshaw has been steadily gathering material over the last decade for a book he hoped would one day appear, after being given a commission and then deciding that orchards were such wonderful places to shoot pictures that he would carry on. “Then I read one of Pete Brown’s books about beer and I was so impressed I got in touch with him and said we should do a book about cider,” he said. “We stated off three years ago and then we kept going to publishers and getting turned down so by the time we were accepted last year we had a lot of stuff in the bag.” The book doesn’t just confine itself to the UK cider market and its many producers. It ventures into northern and southern Europe, takes a tour around the Americas and swoops down to Australia and New Zealand for a look at what’s going on there, even wrapping up with a picture of the cider industries in Japan, Russia, China and India. The Americans, grateful to have their cider industry professionally appraised and publicised, have funded two separate research visits and, says Bill: “There has been an awful lot of travelling the world behind this. “But then I looked at the cider story and I thought ‘this is something people need to know about’. “Cider has tended to suffer, to get left on the sidelines. “A lot of people are passionate about it but it’s never had the kind of attention it merits from people who can write and who will look at the whole picture of cider production around the world. “From the feedback we are already getting that is precisely what we have managed to do.” Chris Rundle
World’s Best Cider by Pete Brown and Bill Bradshaw (Jacqui Small, £25)
Pictured top: Blackout Concepts / Alamy. Bottom: Terry Yarrow WCL-E01-S2
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 23
Travel Ryan Hooper
A city famous for its extravagance and excess, Dubai strives to offer consumers the best of everything. But for all its majestic buildings, grand shopping malls and opulent social spaces, the city is still missing something it desperately craves – a Michelin star. Yet the gourmet scene in this wealthy Emirate is growing at an exciting rate. A number of high-profile chefs have taken up residence here, offshoots of Michelinstarred international restaurants have opened (Nobu Matsuhisa and Gary Rhodes have premises here) and, earlier this year, restaurant guide Zagat launched its first guide dedicated to Dubai. I’m not a fan of flexing my credit card in designer shops, but the idea of a weekend spent eating my way through some of the world’s top restaurants was certainly alluring. “There are ten or so chefs here [in Dubai] who can cook properly,” says Thomas Pendarovski, head chef at the Sofitel Jumeirah’s Rococo, one of the city’s top dining spots. “But we are about ten years behind. I know we can get a Michelin star, and I want to be one of the first to be recognised here in the Michelin world. I truly believe what we do, nobody else does.” A quick glance through the menus of some of Dubai’s renowned eateries would appear to confirm such a boast. At the Burj Khalifa’s signature Armani restaurant – part-way up the world’s tallest building – views of the magnificent water and city lights are matched only by the fabulous fare on offer. The opulent six-course tasting menu features the finest foie gras, seafood and meat, and is concluded by a gorgeous gianduja dessert – the sort of art-meets-pudding chocolate concoction that would make Willy Wonka blush. Priced at around £190, the full eating experience represents decent value for money for those looking for a high-end way to mark a stay in Dubai. The same menu – without the six glasses of wine which accompany the meal – can be selected at around half the price.
Chef Pendarovski’s own entree at the Rococo – diver sea scallop with fennel foam and Granny Smith apple – sets the tone for the rest of his tasting menu, which also acknowledges Dubai’s seafood culinary heritage. The beetroot sorbet – a “fluke” by the chef ’s own admission – is a romance of scents and sweet-sour tastes, served as a single pearshaped nugget of vivid maroon. It represents the variety and imagination of the gourmet cuisine on offer. Steak, too, features heavily on many a menu. And there can be few better than Fairmont Dubai’s own steakhouse, the Exchange Grill – one of several restaurants within the hotel – famous for its fine cuts of beef. The 18oz sirloin, cooked on the bone, is a thing of beauty, while other signature dishes have ensured the steakhouse has a clutch of honours recognising the young head chef ’s attention to detail and consideration for how each meal is cooked. It is one of nearly a dozen eating venues at the plush hotel, where almost every conceivable cuisine is catered for with gusto. It’s no wonder locals eat out for, on average, 11 meals a week. Typically, local diners eat at hotel restaurants where Dubai’s strict laws on alcohol are very much relaxed. It means many menus come with two set prices – one with alcohol and one without – with the “dry” option usually costing around half the price. Of all the week’s meals, the Friday brunch is clearly a favourite. At Fairmont The Palm’s Frevo restaurant, the Brazilian-themed dining experience has earned a reputation among locals and visitors alike. After a fish soup starter and salad buffet bar for the second course – themselves enough to represent a sizeable feast – the waiters bring on the meat. The rest is like a quiz show of the tastiest kind. An illuminated buzzer in the centre of the table notifies the army of chefs when the guests are fit to burst, or whether there is still
Travel news Beat the soaring heating bills with a long winter holiday As the big energy suppliers rack up their bills this winter, tour operators, budget airlines and cruise lines offer an alternative solution to keeping warm; namely lots of long, cheap escapes to the sunshine. Forget the two-week summer holiday style; many breaks in winter can be for a month or more. For example, take the five-star Rotterdam, a Holland America Line cruise, leaving Athens on November 10, for a 30-day voyage to Rome. You will pay from £999, through Imagine Cruising, which is only £34 day for full-board on a magical journey via the Greek islands, Istanbul, Marmaris, Malta and Italy. The leadin price, down by £200, even includes return flights. Or what about six weeks in Tunisia? Thomas Cook has 42-night B&B packages at a
four-star hotel in Yasmine Hammamet from January 5, from £698, with return flights exEast Midlands. Similar breaks at a four-star hotel in Hammamet, ex-Birmingham on the same day, start at £990. At Thomson Holidays, long winter stays include 28-nights all-inclusive at the three-star Dona Sylvia Beach resort in Goa from £1,929, ex-Manchester November 25 and 21-nights’ B&B at a four-star Thailand resort from £2,249, ex-Gatwick December. Goa specialist Jewel in the Crown also offers five weeks at a two-star guesthouse near Calangute from December 6, starting at £1,029, on Avro flights ex-Manchester with a 20kg baggage allowance. Ex-Gatwick prices for the same dates start at £1,099 and £915 respectively. Platon Loizou at Jewel in the Crown says: “Demand for Goa for three or four weeks in December is strong – and you can live there comfortably for about £10 per day.”
24 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
Head to India for great value
People are opting for the beach this winter
With the rupee plunging in value against the sterling, India could now be offering the best value for decades to British visitors. According to currency specialists Travelex, the rupee has decreased 23 per cent against the pound since March 13 – meaning £500 now buys 43,843 rupees against 35,548, a difference of 8,295 rupees (£95). Nick Wilson, product manager at luxury holiday specialist Hayes & Jarvis, explains: “Savvy travellers with India on wish lists are capitalising on currency weakness. This has always been an affordable long-haul destination, but the strength of the pound against the rupee (£1 = 101 rupees on October 1) ensures great value for money. A three-course meal with drinks for two people costs around £30 on average in a five-star hotel, cheaper than many other long haul destinations.” Leading operator Abercrombie & Kent has a 20 per cent discount on its seven nights HighWCL-E01-S2
room for another slice of wagyu beef. Costing around £81 for the all-you-can eat menu and caprilia cocktails (£50 without the alcohol), the brunch is usually scored by a Brazilian band, or a singer and a guitarist, providing a fittingly raucous musical accompaniment to this highlight in the week’s calendar. Considering most use this as the first meal of the day – and of their weekend, which runs Friday to Saturday – three courses may seem like something of a carnivorous excess. Yet teetering weightily on the edge of submission, it is almost impossible – if not rude – to turn down another slither of finely cut steak. “Friday brunch is the English Saturday night,” says John Cordeaux, the restaurant’s head chef, originally from Lincolnshire, now in Dubai via Canada. “This is all about meat. Unfortunately there are no local ingredients here, which is a shame, but you can get almost anything here in Dubai, which makes so much possible.” Considering Dubai used to consist of little more than a few settlements working off the river, it’s hard to gauge the true identity of authentic regional cuisine. Any local chefs have mostly been dwarfed by the newcomers, the renowned chefs looking to capitalise on one of the Middle East’s biggest tourist destinations. Those wanting to sample something with its roots in the UAE ought to venture into the desert on a Travco safari, where a Top Gearstyle traipse across arid terrain yields not only picture postcard views but unlimited plates of slow-cooked meats and rices, served with enough liquid refreshment to satisfy even the thirstiest of pilgrims. Sitting on mats set around a makeshift outdoor stage at dusk, it’s easy to see why so many foodies are keen to combine the finest foods of new Dubai with a few of the old favourites. A swift flight from Heathrow with Qantas, barely troubling the six-hour mark, means Dubai is a manageable option for a long weekend gourmet break. And given the growing trend for holidaymakers to choose trips based on menu options, I wonder if Dubai’s star might be ascending – Michelin-rated or not.
Travel facts ■ Ryan Hooper was a guest of the Dubai Tourist Board. Visit www.definitelydubai.com or call 020 7321 6110 for more information.
While Dubai strives hungrily for its first Michelin star, Ryan Hooper got to sample some rather impressive meals in the city in restaurants such as The Palm’s Frevo, left; from the top, Fairmont; a steak served at Fairmont; and the Armani Hashi restaurant at Armani Hotel in Burj Khalifa. Alcohol with food really pushes the price up
■ Three nights at the Fairmont Dubai (www.fairmont.com/dubai), including flights with Qantas from London Heathrow, start from £789 per person, half-board, for travel until December 12, 2013, bookable up to that date. To book call 0871 703 4240 or visit www.travelbag.co.uk ■ The Travco Desert Safari costs £70 per person, including the meal. Visit www.travcotravel.ae for further details.
Travel take-off
Walking in Yorkshire Dales HF Holidays (0845 470 7558) offers four-night full-board guided walking holiday from Nov 11 for £229, saving £110, via Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, Malham Tarn & Cove and Gordale Scar, with social activities, transport to/from walks, and services of HF Holidays’ walks leaders.
Cornwall Coast & Country Hotels (0844 811 9404) offers four-night half-board midweek breaks at The Ship and Castle Hotel, St Mawes, from £149, for Monday arrivals on visits booked by today (Nov 2).
Europe xmas markets Great Escapes (0845 330 2089) offers three nights for price of two in Bruges at three-star Hotel Bryghia from £106, incl return ferry travel (four sharing).
Winter sun On The Beach (0871 474 3000) reg deps incl seven nights’ all-incl in five-star Domina Coral Bay Oasis Hotel, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, ex-East Mids Nov 14 from £385; seven nights’ B&B at four-star Solana Hotel, Mellieha, Malta, from £147, ex-Leeds Bradford Nov 14; seven nights’ B&B at four-star olden Beach Hotel, Agadir, Morocco from £296, exManchester Nov 14 and seven nights’ fullboard at five-star El Mouradi Hammamet Hotel, Tunisia, from £296, ex-Bristol Nov 10.
French Alps ski Ski Total (01483 791933) offers seven-night catered chalet stay in traffic-free resort Avoriaz from Dec 15 for £499, saving £139, (two adults sharing), with return flights HeathrowGeneva, transfers, and four-course evening meals with comp wine. Esprit Ski (01483 791900) offers seven-night catered chalet stay from Dec 15 in Paradiski area for £374, saving £98, with return flights Heathrow- Geneva, transfers, free babysitting. Esprit Classic Child Care from £209 for week of exclusive ski lessons.
Barbados Check into Sir Richard Branson’s famous Necker Island
lights of India trip. Taking in the highlights of Delhi, Agra and Jaipur and staying at Oberoi hotels, this tour now starts at £1,595, including return flights. Goa looks great value too: Holiday Hypermarket offers 14 nights’ B&B at three-star Silver Sands Holiday Village, Candolim for £655, with return flights ex-Manchester December 9, saving £313. Not everyone is a winner in this rupee crash though. Many travellers bound for India are asking for price reductions before departure, but one harassed operator points out: “Hotels and flights are usually contracted at rates which have been negotiated and can’t be changed. Savings apply only to day-to-day living costs when you get there.” ■ For more information go: Trident Hotels (www.tridenthotels.com); Holiday Hypermarket (0800 916 5100 and www.holidayhypermarket.co.uk)
Fancy staying on Necker Island?
Sir Richard Branson’s private British Virgin Island home, Necker Island, is now open to guests again, after it was wrecked by fire two years ago. The Great House, with panoramic views of the Caribbean and Atlantic has eight guest rooms with balconies, all with king-size beds and en-suite bathrooms. On the upper level, the 1,500-sq ft master suite has panoramic views from every angle. There’s also an outdoor terrace with hammocks, sofas and large dining table – plus a zip-line to transport guests from terrace to sandy white beach. For exclusive bookings, Necker Island can accommodate 30 adults plus six children at £37,400 per night, until December 31. Sir Richard says: “Necker Island is to me the most beautiful place in the world.” Call: 0800 716 919. WCL-E01-S2
Letsgo2 (0208 329 2855) offers seven nights’ B&B at three-star Butterfly Beach Resort from £86, incl Virgin Atlantic return flights exGatwick. Package includes 200 US dollars resort credit per person, for travel up until Dec 17.
Maldives Travelbag (0871 703 4240) offers seven nights’ half-board at five-star Sheraton Full Moon Resort & Spa from £1,149, with Turkish Airlines flights ex-Heathrow for travel until Nov 30. Book by Nov 7 for free return speedboat transfers.
Brazil Travelbag (0871 703 4240) offers three nights’ B&B at three-star Majestic Palace Rio De Janeiro, two nights’ B&B at three-star Nadai Confort Iguassu Falls and three nights’ roomonly at 3-star Rochester Hotel from £1,269, incl BA flights ex-Heathrow. Book by Nov 7 for travel in May.
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Travel Sarah Marshall
As the European ski season kicks off, it’s time to cherry pick the top winter resorts. For eco fans James Tapsfield samples an alternative ski break at the St Martin Eco Chalets in the Austrian Tyrol...
Careering headlong down a very steep, snowladen slope on a bike doesn’t sound like the brightest move. In fact, it’s total madness. I’m just about to express this view to my guide Herby, who has suggested the idea, when he tells me: “The old people enjoy the bikes. It’s much easier on the bones than skiing.” Well, if the old people can do it... You wouldn’t perhaps associate new-fangled fads like snow bikes with the uber-traditional image of Austria. But the region of Lungau, about an hour’s drive south of Salzburg and pulling in increasing numbers of Brits, is a prime example of how the country is embracing innovation. Symbolic of this trend are the St Martin Chalets, an idyllic cluster of ten homes nestling in a village at the base of the GrosseckSpeiereck mountain. Properties can sleep from four to 14, and would be ideal for a couple of families holidaying together. With classic wooden frontages and exposed larch beams, the chalets could have come straight out of Hansel and Gretel. The owners, the aforementioned Herby and his wife Jodi, were determined to build something eco-friendly. So most of the timbers and the rustic tiles have been reclaimed and lovingly restored, and the walls are stuffed with sheep’s wool for insulation. A large, but remarkably quiet, bio-diesel engine provides the heat for all the chalets, and solar panels help out with the electric. Austria is famous for the quality of its skiing, and Lungau does not disappoint. The area is well laid out to avoid bottlenecks, and the low ratio between the number of beds and the lift capacity should guarantee that queuing is kept to a minimum. We try out the Brenter snowbikes at nearby St Margarethen. These are serious vehicles – almost like a chopper motorcycle but with skis instead of tyres. Another stubby set of skis go on your feet to help with balance and turning. The first couple of descents are pretty terrifying. Despite Herby’s warnings, the temptation to stand up to regain control as you gather speed proved too powerful. I can confirm that this is only a good idea if you enjoy eating snow. However, once you learn to keep your rear end on the seat, and realise that steering merely requires gentle leaning, it feels surprisingly natural – no matter how old you are. ■ St Martin Eco Chalets in Lungau start from £225 per night, with no minimum stay. Book through www.holidaystoaustria.com ■ British Airways (www.ba.com) fly to Salzburg from London Gatwick from £98 retur n. ■ Rhino Car Hire (www.rhinocarhire.com) offers rental from £20.50 per day.
For adrenalin junkies The charming French resort of La Rosiere is a real surprise for Chris Parker... As we huddle together, bodies bowed against the screaming wind and snow rolling over us in waves, I can’t help but think I’d rather be back in the warm, cosy mountain shack, devouring more delicious homemade minestrone. Our small group is heading across the San
Bernardo Pass, at the heart of the Tarentaise Valley. The ski area is shared by the Italian resort of La Thuile and French resort of La Rosiere, one of only a handful of cross-border resorts in the Alps, where I’m staying for the next two days. Since 1984, when the first lifts were installed to link the two resorts, there has been access to 90 miles of terrain, suitable for all abilities. The two-mile-long Berthod run in La Thuile, regarded as one of the world’s most spectacular, has hosted European and World Cup races, and is a must for expert skiers. But unlike neighbouring Les Arcs and Val d’Isere, it’s generally quiet on the lifts and slopes, even in peak season. As we make our way back across the border, the clouds begins to part, the wind drops, and we ski back into brilliant sunshine with spectacular views of Mont Blanc. Our expert instructor Simon Atkinson explains the two resorts have their own microclimates. So if it’s snowing in La Thuile, there is a good chance it will be sunny in the southfacing La Rosiere. Our accommodation is the stylish Residence Les Cimes Blanches in Les Eucherts, which has a swimming pool, steam rooms and saunas. The tastefully styled chalets, the largest of which can accommodate up to 12 guests, are all at the foot of the slopes, allowing you to ski in and ski out. Nearby there are restaurants, bars, a supermarket, bowling alley, ice rink, and ski schools, and the picturesque, tree-lined village of La Rosiere is just a ten-minute walk away. If you want more than just skiing from your winter holiday, then you’ll find plenty of alternatives. Paragliding, dog sledding and snowkiting, are just a few of the activities on offer. La Rosiere also allows you to go in search of the freshest powder, as it remains the only French resort where heli-skiing is available. Not wanting to miss out, the next day we swap our skis for snow shoes, and set out with our guide Xavier, from the ski and adventure school Evolution 2. As we complete our descent through the forest and into the valley, the first stars appear against a backdrop of royal blue above the silhouette of the mountains. With so few people around, this surely must be one of the best-kept secrets in the Alps. But I have a sneaking suspicion it won’t stay that way for long. ■ Crystal Ski Holidays (www.crystalski.co.uk; 0871 231 2256) offers a week’s stay at the Les Climes Blanches from £475 per person (two sharing), including flights from Gatwick to Geneva and transfers. Direct flights from 12 regional airports for £12 supplement.
For luxury lovers Tom Collins discovers St Anton, in Austria, is not just for party animals... Historically a haven for hard-partying skiers, St Anton, in the Austrian Tyrol, has had something of a reinvention as a high-end winter destination, with the stunning Hotel Montjola leading the way. This hillside hotel dates back to the 1930s, and has been given a comprehensive upgrade, breathing new life into a once tired-looking building, to create a luxurious venue that’s a perfect base from which to explore St Anton’s challenging slopes. On arrival, I’m greeted by a warm, cosy
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Looking to book a skiing holiday this winter? Some of the best European destinations include, from the top, the Austrian Tyrol with its St Martin Eco Chalets in Lungau; the snowy peaks in St Anton, Austria; La Rosiere, Montvalezan, in southeastern France, pictured here is the lounge area reception and bar area, which typifies the owners’ attempts to maintain a traditional feel. But I’m pleased to discover the hotel has chosen to blend old with new, and that rooms have been kitted out with all the latest modcons. A luxurious spa is the perfect place to relax after a hard day on the slopes, with a sauna, steam room and massages all on hand to ease those aching muscles – not to mention the allimportant outdoor hot tubs. There’s something extra special about sinking into a bubbling Jacuzzi in minus 10C air temperatures with snow falling all around you. Five minutes away from the resort centre,
some guests will prefer a short walk from the hotel down into St Anton to begin their day’s skiing. But those who want to conserve energy can use the hotel’s complimentary shuttle bus. Thanks to hotels like Montjola, St Anton really does seem to be going up in the world. Anyone who loves skiing in the lap of luxury will find all they need right here. ■ VIP SKI (www.vip-chalets.com; 0844 557 3119) offers seven nights at Hotel Montjola from £899 per person (two sharing), including flights from London Gatwick or Manchester to Innsbruck, transfers and half-board accommodation.
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 27
Walks Sue Gearing
Charterhouse. The Mendip Hills were once a mecca for the Romans, drawn there for lead and silver mining, and mining continued long after they left. Now that has all gone, it has been farmed and is a beautiful recreational area with several Nature Reserves cared for by the Somerset Wildlife Trust and the National Trust. This circle from Charterhouse in the heart of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty goes down past remains of mining activity and past several ruined miners cottages, giving an idea of what life must have been like on Mendip 150 and more years ago. It follows Velvet Bottom, now a rabbit heaven, and then the West Mendip Way up across open grazed farmland before a steady but gentle climb up to an old route, Rains Batch. This leads down past a Roman amphitheatre, Roman settlement and a Roman fort – all of which are very difficult, but not impossible to make out. There are a couple of stiles that may be difficult for some dogs. Mainly the going should be reasonably good underfoot, but there may be some slippery areas, so good boots and perhaps a walking pole would be good. There is no refreshment en route, but a few minutes away at the bottom of Burrington Combe is a very good value café and, of course, a variety of Mendip pubs.
Start In the car park is an interpretation plaque explaining the Roman presence in the area. Walk back up the entrance lane and shortly turn left through a wooden gate and follow a path along with the humpy bumpy grassy land on the left – the remains of mining activity. After a few yards on the left is a cave used by potholers but it was once a mine, known as Water Wheel, where there was a wheel powering hammers which broke up the rocks. Notice you are walking on black shiny mining debris, known as smitham. This was the route of a light tramway which moved the lead along between smelters and the buddle pits where it was washed. Up on the right is an old quarry. As you reach a road ahead, note the large pipe under the road, this was installed to drain the valley after the terrible floods of 1968 when the road was washed away and the valley almost drowned. Turn right on the road for just a few yards.
1 Velvet Bottom Then go left on a track into Velvet Bottom Nature Reserve, passing an information board. Continue down the valley past many large grassy mounds – known as “gruffy” or “groovy ground” – where the land has been disturbed by mining. Also look out for remains of the large circular buddle pits where the lead ore was washed. Along here was the site of a riot in 1848 by Cheddar men who came up one night and smashed up the mining works in order to stop the dumping of lead-contaminated mining waste that was poisoning the water supply down in Cheddar. Their many complaints had gone unheaded so they decided to take action. In the last war, Velvet Bottom was used as a firing range for the Home Guard and the Gloucester Regiment stationed nearby at Yoxter Camp. As you continue, you go down several levels with dams and settlement tanks where the water and mined waste was dumped and left to settle. Near the end of the valley on the left by a wall is another pot hole, safely capped to prevent accidents. Go through a gate at the end on to the West Mendip Way.
2 West Mendip Way Turn right. After a few minutes, go through a gate and ignore the gate on the right into Long Wood Nature Reserve, an ancient woodland cared for by Somerset Wildflife Trust, a habitat for dormice and a glorious bluebell wood if you can come again in the spring. Bear up left still on the WMW climbing steadily with Long Wood down on your right,
until you come up over a stile and on to open land. Maintain direction, experiencing the open, quite exposed, land of Mendip. Follow the fence on your left all the way to a gate and crossing track. Turn right along this.
3 Farm Pass Charterhouse Farm. Join the farm drive and continue on. On the left see the ruined remains of Long House Barn, which was once thought to be a traditional Mendip longhouse.
4 Lane Reach a lane, on the corner of which is a ruined cottage. Turn right. After a couple of minutes, take the first marked bridleway track on the left through a gate. Continue on and come into Lots Nature. On the right as you go along is a fenced wildlife corridor. Reach the ruins of a couple of miners’ cottages, now housing vegetation and trees, but where mining families braved the elements and eked out a living. Maintain direction and at the end cross a stile in the corner.
5 Valley Go carefully down into a small valley – known as Bluebell Valley – over a stream and up the other side. Further down the valley was the
28 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
scene of a the 19th-century-murder of Charterhouse where a woman hanging out her washing was beaten to death by her husband, who was subsequently found guilty and hanged. Come up into a field and turn left over another stile. Go ahead and drop down to a barrier in the corner. Now keep straight on, paralleling the small stream in the valley, but staying up higher – not right by the stream. After some minutes, come alongside a fence on the right. Maintain direction all the way to the end.
6 Track Cross a stile and turn right on a track It leads on the left up to Black Down and Beacon Batch the highest point. We, however, are turning right up the track which rises gently all the way to radio masts .
7 Masts These were installed after the last war as part of the country’s Cold War defences, on the site of a Roman signal beacon. Start to get some good views left over Wrington Vale and down to the Severn Estuary. When you reach the masts, you get the best view if you go a few yards to the left to a gate, accessing another footpath. However, we go straight on down Rains Batch, coming into Roman territory. After about a minute look right across into the field and on a high point,
see if you can make out the remains of a circular grassy bank of the old Roman amphitheatre. As you carry on down, on the right pass Town Field which in the First Century AD was a spread-out Roman settlement bigger than Bath was at the time. Ahead, across the other side of the road, near Charterhouse Centre, you may be able to make out the grassy remains of what was a Roman Fortlet. Near the bottom of the Batch, pass the headquarters of the Hawk and Owl Trust on the right.
8 Road Reach a T-junction with the road and turn right towards Charterhouse. Go left over the first stile on the left following the Butcombe Trail, which links the pubs on Mendip owned by Butcombe Brewery, and which I devised in 2007. Go over a stile and over into Blackmoor Reserve.
9 Reserve Cross a footbridge and go up over the black slag passing reed beds. Your direction now is straight on to reach a crossing track up above – there are one or two different paths which lead to this. Then turn right and it takes you back to where you began.
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Walks Martin Hesp
These walks have always been popular, but not because of me. It’s simply because they tend to explore places rarely touched by any other form of media. That wasn’t always the case. Once upon a time, my walks were married up with a weekly offering on regional ITV for a number of years. Even now, some half a dozen years since we stopped filming a weekly walk, people come up to me on a regular basis asking if we have any plans to bring West Country walks back to the small screen. Anyway, I look back on the old filming days with great nostalgia because we had huge fun hauling masses of TV equipment over hill and dale. For me the chance to adventure in the company of a good bunch of mates was as pleasurable as it was unusual. One of the most remarkable walks we ever recorded was in the Scillies – a place I’ve sadly neglected in recent months thanks to other work pressures. Allow me to put that right by returning – in words and photos, at least – to the main Scillonian island where keen hikers can enjoy a complete circumnavigation around what passes as St Mary’s own coastal path. It is a fantastic walk for visitors flying out on an inexpensive day-return – get a move on and you should be able to do this amazing walk in the time allotted. The hike offers something of everything Scillonian. There’s classic coastal walking, fabulous lonely beaches, windswept oceanic woodlands, ancient monuments and stunning views. We begin in the island capital, Hugh Town – simply take the road that runs alongside Town Beach and follow it over the small hill that plays host to the archipelago’s main school. Now descend into the bay called Porthmellon – just behind the gig sheds there’s a track, which is actually the beginning of the island’s extensive coastal path. We follow this around the beach and over the next small headland into St Thomas Porth. On past the parked boats we walk, to eventually join the small lane that passes Juliet’s Garden bar and restaurant – and this takes us into to the wilder northern territories of the island. The path weaves below the golf course and eventually reaches Toll’s Porth and the remains of the ancient village at Halangy. This Iron Age settlement dates from about 200BC and consists of one large courtyard house and several round houses – all in a reasonable state of preservation given the immense age of these humble abodes. They are only half the age of the tomb that lurks above them. The excellently preserved late Stone Age or early Bronze Age chamber tomb called Bant’s Carn dates from anywhere between 2500 to 4500 BC. From here the path rounds the north-western corner of the isle, veering inland to avoid the remains of a quarry, and then crosses McFarland’s Down to reach a particularly beautiful demesne where it descends past tiny flower fields before entering a woodland of wonderful, dark, Scotch pines. Now we are above Bar Point, St Mary’s most northerly cape – there’s a fine white sand beach here if you have time to loll for a while. This northern shore affords fabulous views of Tresco and its famous abbey – and the neighbouring offisland of St Martin’s. It is my favourite bit of St Mary’s, being both wild and unpopulated. The path runs through the bracken between the low cliffs and the trees, and after half a mile or so comes to Helvear Down and its two chambered tombs, collectively known as Innisidgen.
The coast path now begins to head south east, rounding Block House Point into lovely Watermill Cove. The pines have gone now and the island’s coast takes on a slightly balder, wilder, aspect as we head towards Pelistry Bay. This is regarded as one of the island’s best bathing beaches – indeed I once sat and picnicked here in the Scillonian warmth while leading a hike for the excellent Walk Scilly festival which is organised each spring. Indeed I mention this because the archipelago can be a fantastic place to visit when the weather is inclement on the mainland. I’ve walked in balmy conditions 28 miles west of Land’s End when it’s been snowing across much of Britain. Once we’re past Pelistry our path continues south around the headland capped by the Mount Todden Battery and around the bay called Darrity’s Hole. After yet more coastal walking we are eventually introduced to wide and wonderful Porth Hellick where there’s a rock shaped like a camel and a memorial stone lamenting the loss of Sir Cloudesley Shovell in 1707 in what has become known as the Scilly naval disaster. I could tell you all about the loss of the HMS Association just over 200 years ago and about the other 2000 sailors who lost their lives amid the island’s hull-ripping rocks, but we’d never get back to town for the flight back. Actually, though, the island airport is this walk’s next port of call – or at least we pass the end of one of its small runways. And here we come to what must be one of the only footpath traffic lights anywhere – the light prevents you continuing if a plane is coming in to land, which is fun to watch as it will zoom just feet above your head. So you could, if you wished, head for the terminal building, making sure not to go anywhere near any of the prohibited areas. Or you could follow the coast path around the eastern shores of St Mary’s to reach first Porth Minnick, then Old Town Bay. Throughout this walk there will have been possibilities to shorten proceedings by taking inland routes back to town – and here is the most obvious of all. Just past the old church and its graveyard where former Prime Minister Harold Wilson is buried, you can cross the road to the footpath past the primary school. It takes you through the least scenic bit of Scilly (views of the municipal incinerator) but you do get back to Hugh Town in short order. By the way, one of most abiding memories about filming the walk on St Mary’s was an accidental meeting with Lady Mary Wilson who was tending her late husband’s grave. After a quick chat in which we told her why we were filming she kindly agreed to give me what for her was an extremely rare interview, saying that both she and Harold always thought they owed so much to the people of Scilly for their constant kindness, and if she could do anything to help promote the island and it’s ecofriendly tourism she would. You don’t have to take the shortcut, though – you could instead stride around the large peninsula that features impressive Pulpit Rocks to eventually gain Porthcressa Beach, which passes for Hugh Town’s very own downtown promenade. The fit and undaunted could go on to circumnavigate the Garrison peninsula if they really wanted to get their “I’ve walked around the entire island” badge – but this particular TV presenter and crew had reached the point where we were welcoming thoughts of a refreshing pint of beer.
A circumnavigation of the island on foot offers spectacular coastal views and wonderful walkways
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SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 29
Gardening Alan Down
In the south-west of England, the end of October is generally when autumn colour is at its very best. This year it may be a little later since we seem to have been running a few weeks behind all year. Reports are coming in of leaf changes afoot. Those sugars are being trapped in leaves as the abscission layer forms, cutting off supply to the petiole, and this is what results in those fabulous colours. The weather conditions in autumn have to be right, and bright days and cold nights especially favour good autumn leaf colour. This is why a continental, rather than a temperate island climate such as ours, is more likely to give the results. Of course not every plant does it and some are much better than others. Don’t expect evergreens to do it, although there are some notable exceptions as we shall see. Sticking my neck out a bit, I venture to offer you my top ten best garden plants for autumn colour. In no particular order, but with an eye to including trees and climbers as well as shrubs, I give you my choice...
Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum) This deciduous tree looks a bit like an upright maple in summer. Indeed, the leaves are very maple-like in shape. It is a native of North America and very hardy. At the end of October well established trees start to change colour with every shade imaginable from yellow, through orange to vermillion and purple. Often all these colours are there together but some selected varieties can be relied upon to perform much more than seed raised and variable un-named forms. Worplesdon and Lane Roberts are good ones to watch out for but also choosing one now while it is showing what it can do is a good approach too. The tree shape is columnar but broadening with age.
Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair tree) Although ultimately a large tree, it turns the colour of golden butter and against a blue sky it is breathtaking. We have a specimen planted at Cleeve Nursery by that great plantsman Roy Lancaster and raised by me from seed 32 years ago. It is now getting to be quite a size. Every November this deciduous conifer is spectacular. Remember, this is an ancient tree with links to the time that dinosaurs roamed the planet. Because of the putrid smelling fruit, it is wise to plant a male form if you can. But I love the way that Brooklyn Botanic Garden gets around the problem that a whole avenue dropping stinking fruit in a public place causes. They open their gates to the Chinese community who value the health benefits of this tree and just let them help themselves.
Cotinus coggygria (Smoke Tree) Although it has “tree” in its name, the smoke tree is really a large shrub and not a tree. Indeed, by hard pruning Cotinus during winter it can be kept as a small to medium sized bush but its “smoke” – the flowers – will be lacking. Before leaf fall the Cotinus leaves
turn to a fantastic colour which varies somewhat depending on the variety that you plant. The selection Flame is aptly named and takes a lot of beating. Golden Spirit has pale yellow leaves all summer but in autumn they change to burning reds and oranges before falling. This one is also a more compact form, lending itself well to small gardens.
Hamamelis (Witch Hazel) Perhaps a surprising choice to some, some witch hazels turn up the heat in autumn and fully justify their place on my list. Add to this their incredibly hardy mid-winter scented flowers and it just has to be included. Some selections produce better autumn colour than others but one is simply outstanding. That is a variety named by the late Peter Dummer after his daughter Sandra. It is, in fact, an autumn-flowering variety and the blooms are very much secondary to the tremendous display of orange leaves that Hamamelis vernalis Sandra displays. Hamamelis mollis often changes to butter yellow in autumn. Hamamelis x intermedia Jelena has rich orange leaf colour followed by pretty much the same colour of sweetly scented winter blooms. All Hamamelis can be kept small by relatively hard pruning immediately after flowering without next year’s blooms being sacrificed.
Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ (Red Barked Dogwood) Sometimes seen labelled as Westonbirt, this is an easy-to-grow shrub usually grown for the bright red stems that it shows off in winter. But before the leaves fall, they turn a glorious wine red colour. Tolerant of heavy soil and dampness, it is very hardy too. Under-planted with Euonymus fortunei Emerald Gaiety for contrast, this is a shrub that glistens in winter sunlight.
Nandina domestica Firepower (Dwarf Sacred Bamboo) Not a bamboo and not a deciduous shrub either, this evergreen is an anomaly. As the colder longer nights approach the evergreen leaves change from mid green to rich reds and oranges and, unlike others on my list, the leaves remain this colour without shedding right through winter. Plant in containers or sheltered sunny borders where it will rarely reach more than knee high.
Vaccinium corymbosum (High Bush Blueberries) Many fruit plants give good autumn colour. Medlar, grapevines and even pears spring to mind but blueberries can compete with the very best ornamental plant in this category. After your acid-loving (best grow in a pot filled with lime free compost) blueberry has finished fruiting, it will change colour to a glorious fiery display of red.
30 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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Gardens Parthenocissus (Virginia Creeper) Virtually all Parthenocissus produce great autumn colour and whether they are covering a north facing wall or scrambling high into a tall tree, in October they are sensational. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is the true Virginia Creeper but it is often confused with the larger, but tidier P. tricuspidata Veitchii which is actually the Boston Ivy. Both require a big area to grow but the less widely planted P. henryana colours up just as well in autumn and is considerably smaller growing too.
Pyracantha Saphyr hybrids (Firethorns) Of course, Pyracantha can also be trained on walls like the Virginia Creeper but it also makes an excellent and colourful large screening shrub or dense hedge. Here the autumn colour comes not from leaves but from bright berries so loved by birds in winter. Indeed this is a good choice for wildlife in general since the flowers will attract many insects, including bees. The Saphyr hybrids are quite exceptionally good when compared to all other hybrids that I have grown. These French selections have first rate disease resistance (which many others do not) and produce a great crop of berries every autumn almost without fail. Red, orange and yellow-berried forms are grown by us in our nursery at Cleeve.
Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple). No top ten would be complete without a Japanese Maple and of all the fabulous named varieties there are I would recommend Osakazuki before all others. It is not a new variety but has been around long enough to know that, if any maple will give good autumn colour, Osakazuki will. It can be grown in a very large pot but is best planted in dappled shade where the soil is deep and not limey. Those at Westonbirt Arboretum are growing on heavy clay soil and they seem to do rather well on it. So that’s it, my top ten. You will find that there are many other great performers in autumn, especially if you visit one of the following gardens. If you live in the Bristol area there are several notable gardens to visit to see good autumn colour. Westonbirt National Arboretum near Tetbury is world renowned for its fabulous tree collection and fine collection of trees that show good autumn colour. Less well known is Batsford Arboretum near Moreton in the Marsh on the beautiful Cotswolds and they have a very fine collection and may be less crowded. The National Trust Stourhead Garden has very fine trees that colour well and some of the best are reflected in the lake there.
Alan’s gardening tips for the weekend ■ There’s still time to re-plant your tubs and hanging baskets for winter and spring colour. If you are not, take them down, empty them out and put them away for winter. ■ Move plants in pots together so that they protect one another in cold weather. Remove saucers from underneath them and ensure excess water can get away through the drainage holes in the base by standing them on pot feet. ■ Protect tender alpine plants from the cold and wet. Many are protected by several feet of snow where they grow in the wild. This not only protects them from severe cold but also keeps them drier. Use a sheet of glass or a garden cloche. ■ If you haven’t done it already, trim the dead flower heads off summer and autumn flowering heathers. A good pair of secateurs such as Felco (an excellent gift) is suitable for this. Trim a little of the shoot tips off too as this will keep them nice and compact. ■ Plant tulip bulbs (if not done so already). Urgently plant any other bulbs. ■ Check potted bulbs that you are going to force into flower early. Make sure that they are well watered. If they have made sufficient roots and, in the case of hyacinths, the flower bud has emerged from the bulb, they can be put into a well-lit warm place to start the forcing. ■ Try propagating plants by taking root
cuttings now. It is surprisingly easy to do but not all plants can be multiplied this way. Oriental poppies, border phlox, some primula, mullein, sea holly, bear’s breeches and dicentra are well worth trying. Dig up a healthy plant, cut thicker roots into 5-7cm lengths and “sow” them in pots filled with cutting compost. They should be rooted by late spring. ■ Reduce water given to cacti and succulents in winter, they still need some and will also benefit from a weak feed every month or so. Christmas cacti (zygocactus or schlumbergia) need more regular watering otherwise they will drop their flower buds. ■ Attach sticky glue band traps to the trunks of fruit trees. These will trap the winter moth on its way up the trunk to lay its eggs. Do the stake too.
Ask Alan Question Is the risks of carrot fly attack over now? Can I remove the nets now?
Answer
Yes, it is mild but your carrots should be safe now.
Question I want to plant a Victoria plum tree on my allotment but I have found that around 1-2½ft down there is a layer of clay. Do you think that is okay to still plant the plum tree? Should I dig some of the clay out?
Growing squashes has been slow to catch on for many. But the idea of pumpkins at Hallowe’en is now familiar and there were certainly plenty sat on window sills on Thursday night, carved out, with a tealight placed inside, warding off evil spirits. And as Hallowe’en celebrations merge with Bonfire Night parties, demand for squashes and pumpkins is still high this weekend. These bright orange fruits are just one member of a vast family that is well worth exploring. At Over Farm, near Gloucester, they’ve been growing these winter squash – so called because they will store – for around 20 years. “We were almost trendsetters,” explains Rees Keene, who runs the farm with his brother, Matt. “Our dad liked them and kept trying to grow more to sell to the public.” What started out as a niche product is now a massive enterprise with up to 20 different varieties in staggering proportions: 10,000 pumpkin plants and 1,250 ‘Crown Prince’ this year alone. “We’ve already harvested around 3,000 pumpkins and that’s not really made a dent in the field,” laughs Rees. Piled on to a trailer in front of the farm shop they are quite simply beautiful. Alongside the
Answer
Plums, of all tree fruits, will probably tolerate this clay layer better than most. You could break it up by forking it over but do not mix this sub soil with the top soil. Both questions from C Brain
Alan’s Plant of the Week Mahonia hybrids At their best between now and Christmas, hybrid Mahonia are dramatic evergreens. They justify their place in the garden because of their glossy sub-divided leaves, but add to that the showy sprays of dainty pale yellow blooms at the top of each shoot and they are a class act. Probably the best known and widely available is Charity, but I personally also rate Lionel Fortescue highly. Both grow to around 2.5m high and perhaps 3m wide too. If you want to see some very fine specimens before buying these hybrids, I can recommend a trip to Taunton where there are some exceptionally fine plants near the junction of East Street and Silver Street opposite the large supermarket there.
What’s on at Cleeve? Christmas glitter demonstration Felicity Down will give an inspirational demonstration of how to decorate your home this Christmas in an imaginative way. This ticket-only event is on Thursday November 28, at 7.30pm, at Cleeve Nursery, near Bristo, BS49 4PW. Tickets cost £5 with proceeds going to Greenfingers Charity to provide gardens for children’s hospices. Call 01934 832134 or [email protected]
Contact Alan Cleeve Nursery’s Alan Down can be contacted at the nursery on 01934 832134. If you would like to ask Alan Down a gardening question, visit www.cleevenursery.co.uk and click on the Ask Us A Question tab. Alan can answer only emailed questions. Visit Alan’s blog at cleevenursery.co.uk/blog. You can also follow Alan on Twitter: @ AlanEDown
Pictures A range of gorgeous autumn colour, clockwise from left, Pyracantha Saphyr Cadrou; Cornus alba Sibirica; Ginkgo biloba; Nandina Firepower; Acer palmatum
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Rees Keene with pumpkins at Over Farm, Gloucester three varieties of pumpkins there is onion squash, a small, round orange fruit with a pale stripe that gives it an onion appearance. Then there’s acorn squash, another small variety, with dark green skin. Little Gem is popular because the tiny green fruits are ideal for a single portion, while Crown Prince, which has stunning slate blue skin and orange flesh, is a best seller thanks to its good flavour and large amount of usable flesh on each fruit; for the amateur grower it also stores well. Sweet Dumpling is a real beauty: pale cream flesh with green stripes and green Kabotcha, also known as Buttercup, is gaining in popularity having been introduced at Over a few years ago. However, the most eye-catching is still Turk’s Turban, a swirling mass of dimpled cream, green and orange. The one drawback to growing squash is the space they take up – trailing varieties can send out shoots several metres long. One answer is to combine them with another crop: this year my squash rambled quite happily through the sweetcorn, providing two crops for one piece of ground. Alternatively, they can be grown up stout frames with the fruit supported in nets, or are quite at home on a compost heap. Mandy Bradshaw
For Good Advice & Excellent Home Grown Plants visit your local nursery!
Cleeve Nursery
138 Main Road, Cleeve, BS49 4PW 01934 832134 www.cleevenursery.co.uk
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Antiques Gems will go with a bang Clevedon Salerooms
This scratch-built railway wagon and horse drawn removals container for Hudson’s of Brighton features with Tamlyns of Bridgwater
Clevedon Salerooms specialist jewellery consultant John Kelly will be valuing gems at a watch and jewellery valuation day to be held on Tuesday at the salerooms between 9.30am and 5pm. This day marks the final date for jewellery, watches and silver to be consigned to the preChristmas specialist sale on November 28. This sale is traditionally the best of the year for fine jewellery and therefore unless you are plotting to visit the Houses of Parliament on November 5, why not take advantage of the free verbal valuation service and see if you have something in your jewellery box that may go off with a bang. For further details contact the salerooms on 01934 830111.
Pedal car a racing certainty Tamlyns An Austin J40 pedal car is included in Tamlyns’ collectors sale on November 19. It has been professionally restored but still retains many original features such as the original flying “A” mascot and headlamps. These pedal cars were made in a factory in Bargoed in South Wales, a not-for-profit government-backed scheme that employed disabled coal miners. Production of the J40 started in 1950 and continued until 1971. They were originally destined for the American market, but found worldwide interest and are widely collected – and even raced – today. They are beautifully made, really solid with real boots, and if you lift the bonnet you will find a replica engine and battery in there. The tyres are pneumatic and the facia on the dashboard is a copy of the real thing, so it really is a true miniature car even though you have to use pedal power rather than a petrol engine. Another lovely model to be included in this sale is a scratch-built railway wagon and horse drawn removals container for Hudson’s of Brighton. This was made in the late 19th century as a display model to stand in their depository in Brighton. The detail is amazing; if you open the back doors of the container it is even shaped inside as the original would have been. Catalogues will be available for this sale and lots with images will be online at www.tamlyns.co.uk For further information contact the auctioneers on 01278 445251.
Merry monarch makes top price Moore Allen & Innocent Charles II was crowned king of the sale at an auction of antique paintings and books in Cirencester last week. A portrait of the Merry Monarch achieved £4,000 – the top price of the day – at Moore Allen & Innocent’s selected picture sale on Friday, October 25. The 1.2-metre tall full length portrait was attributed to the School of Sir Peter Lely, and bore a striking resemblance to the famous 1675 portrait that hangs at Euston Hall in Suffolk. From the king of the castle to the king of the cattle, the number two slot was filled by a pair of studies of prize-winning cows in the 19thcentury naïve style. Horned Cow in Stable Interior and Horned Cow Beside Thatched Barn by W Luker comfortably exceeded their guide price of £1,000 to £1,500, selling for £2,500. From the 17th-century Italian School, Family of the Satyr at Play, painted in oils on canvas in the manner of Filippo Lauri, came in third at the top end of its £1,500 to £2,000 estimate, with a hammer price of £1,900. And an 18th-century German portrait of Hanns Christoph von Oppell aus dem Hause Leuthen far exceeded its £400 to £600 estimate, settling at £1,650, while a study of a young girl with rabbits, painted by Eduard Kurzbauer in the mid-1800s, also exceeded its £500 to £800 estimate, achieving a hammer price of £1,550. A large collection of antique books, sold on behalf of Gloucestershire library service, also performed well. A large and full 19th century scrapbook containing engravings, newspaper
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A portrait of the Merry Monarch, left, achieved £4,000 – the top price of the day – at Moore Allen & Innocent’s selected picture sale on Friday, October 25. The 1.2-metre tall full length portrait was attributed to the School of Sir Peter Lely, and bore a striking resemblance to the famous 1675 portrait that hangs at Euston Hall in Suffolk. Meanwhile, Horned Cow in Stable Interior and Horned Cow Beside Thatched Barn, above main image, by W Luker, comfortably exceeded their guide price of £1,000 to £1,500, selling for £2,500. From the 17th-century Italian School, Family of the Satyr at Play, shown right, painted in oils on canvas in the manner of Filippo Lauri, came in third at the top end of its £1,500 to £2,000 estimate, with a hammer £1,900. Clevedon Salerooms specialist jewellery consultant John Kelly, pictured right, will be valuing gems at a watch and jewellery valuation day to be held on Tuesday at the salerooms between 9.30am and 5pm WCL-E01-S2
clippings and drawings burst through its £300 to £500 estimate, making £1,400, while Italian Scenery Representing the Manners Customs and Amusements of the Different States of Italy, by M Buonaiuti, and published by Edward Orme of London in 1806, made around ten times its £50 to £80 estimate, selling for £650. A large collection of various volumes on the subjects of the arts, galleries and antiques realised £620, against a £500 to £800 estimate, while another large collection of books on the subject of architecture and buildings made £500 – the top end of the auctioneer’s estimate. Gloucestershire library service was at pains to point out that none of the books related directly to the county’s history or heritage, and that they had been languishing in various library basements – without being requested by library users – for many years. All of the money made at auction will be ploughed back into the service. For more information about buying and selling at auction, go to www.mooreallen.co.uk
Diamond rings’ seasonal appeal Smiths of Newent Entries for Smiths’ antiques and collectables auction on Friday, November 8, have been pouring through the door and the walls of the antique Methodist chapel are beginning to creak. With just under 1,000 lots, the auctioneers say it looks to be one of the biggest sales of the year. With Christmas coming it is no bad thing that there is a fantastic selection of jewellery items on offer as auctions make the perfect place to pick up a little special something for under the Christmas tree. Jewellery items at auction often cost around a quarter of that in the high street shops and so you can really buy something of quality at a very reasonable price. Smiths sell both antique and modern styles of jewellery with a huge variety of choice and prices – in this sale estimates range from £10 to £6000. For those not sure of their partner’s taste, there is always plenty of advice to be offered by Smiths’ staff or you can come to the viewing as a couple, have a browse around the saleroom and make a trip of it. Highlights include three large diamond solitaire rings estimated from £3,000 to £6,000 each, two Art Deco diamond brooches at £1,000 to £1,500 each, two good emerald cluster rings and a huge variety of pretty Victorian and Edwardian rings, pendants, bracelets and brooches to suit all tastes. For the connoisseur the silver section offers a very nice selection of Georgian silver including sauce boats, teapots, various cruets and a solid silver cutlery set estimated at £1,500 to £2,000. A large selection of good quality silver plated items offers the chance to buy a lovely antique gift at a very reasonable price – perfect items for Christmas include pairs of candlesticks, spirit flasks and small decorative items. Elsewhere in the sale is a good selection of furniture, including a range of Georgian early oak and elm from local farmhouses such as country chairs, a fine court cupboard, chests of drawers and coffers. An impressive selection of attractive paintings includes a number of very large canvases such as a pair of large rural oils by H Baldwin depicting sheep and cattle in landscape settings. By total contrast, a modernist poster, New Yorker, by Saul Steinberg 1976 is estimated to make £200 to £400. In the ceramics section the second consignment of a large collection of Beswick includes three Thelwell pony groups and a huge collection of ducks modelled for Beswick by Peter Scott. Other ceramics include a collection of early Staffordshire figures and a huge number of pretty tea sets, vases and ornaments as well as a large Minton’s dinner service (albeit strangely named Poonah) estimated at £300 to £500. Of course there is the usual huge variety of collectables and a range of beautiful books such as Arthur Rackham’s Story Book, a stunning Dictionary of Ornament and a set of early Theatrical Illustrations estimated at £300 to £500. Smiths’ auction is at 10am next Friday, with
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Smiths of Newent sell both antique and modern styles of jewellery with a huge variety of choice and prices – in this sale estimates range from £10 to £6000. Some of the items are featured above, including two diamond-set brooches, top, a Victorian cameo brooch, second from the top, and three diamond rings, second from bottom
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Antiques FROM PAGE 33 viewing on the Thursday before from 10am to 7pm and the morning of the sale from 9am to 10am. The catalogue can be viewed on www.smithsnewentauctions.co.uk For all enquiries telephone 01531 821776.
Intoxicating taste of the orient Chippenham Auction Rooms
An impressive selection of attractive paintings feature with Smiths of Newent on November 8, including a number of very large canvases such as a pair of large rural oils by H Baldwin depicting sheep and cattle in landscape settings. One of these is pictured here. There is the usual huge variety of collectables and a range of beautiful books such as Arthur Rackham’s Story Book, an illustration from which is pictured right
The orient is coming to Wiltshire next Saturday, November 9, when £20,000 worth of Chinese artefacts go under the hammer at The Chippenham Auction Rooms. There are approximately 40 lots of Chinese ceramics, including a Chinese Song Long Quan lotus petal bowl dated 960-1279 AD, ivory carvings and some Jade, all from a single private collection. It has been amassed over decades, with some of the pieces being more than 100 years old, making it a very special collection, according to auctioneer Richard Edmonds. “The vendor has picked up these items from all over the world and we feel very privileged indeed to be given the opportunity to sell them,” he said. “The auction is on the last day of London’s Asia Week, a celebration of the orient and its art, so we are expecting a lot of interest.” The sale will take place at the Chippenham Auction Rooms’ salerooms at The Old Laundry, Ivy Road, in the centre of Chippenham. For information on the sale please visit www.chippenhamauctionrooms.co.uk or call 01249 444544.
Momentous events revisited Greenslade Taylor Hunt A large scale painting said to be of the Battle of Sedgemoor – the last battle fought on English soil – will feature at Greenslade Taylor Hunt’s monthly antiques sale on Thursday, November 7. The enormous picture in a fine, ornate frame, has hung in the head office of a long established firm for the past 50 years. It depicts the doomed final efforts of the Duke of Monmouth and his pitchfork army to overthrow James II and his highly trained forces at Westonzoyland, near Bridgwater. Three days after his defeat in July 1685 Monmouth was captured. He was later executed. Hundreds of his supporters were put to death on the orders of “Bloody” Judge Jeffreys. The terrible battle resonates today and a large section of the County Museum in Taunton is devoted to a display about the Monmouth rebellion. The picture has a guide price of £2,000 to £3,000. It is among a number of paintings at next week’s auction at the Octagon Salerooms in East Reach, Taunton. A portrait of Captain Robert Poole, (17611833) holding a telescope under his right arm, a seascape with shipping beyond, will also be offered. Little is known about Captain Poole or his lengthy and successful maritime career. He is buried at St John’s Church, at Staplegrove, Taunton, where a long epitaph bears witness to his character. He is described as “a man distinguished alike by an enterprising spirit and inflexible integrity”. It catalogues his career and records that he crossed the Equator to and from the Pacific Ocean 22 times; passed Cape Horn 17 times and sailed once around the globe – no mean feat in a time when even one voyage could prove fatal. He died at Staplegrove, aged 72. Viewing for the sale takes place today from 9am to 12.30pm and on Tuesday, November 5, and Wednesday, November 6, from 9am to 5pm. It will also be on view prior to the start of the sale at 10.30am on Thursday.
Powerful reminders of war Dominic Winter Included in the Dominic Winter arms, medals and militaria sale on Friday in South Cerney, Gloucestershire, will be a collection of swords and medals consigned to the auctioneers by a Scottish Cat Sanctuary. Discovered in a derelict house in the Scottish Highlands, all proceeds from this estate will be donated to the sanctuary to help with
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A large scale painting said to be of the Battle of Sedgemoor, main image, will feature at Greenslade Taylor Hunt’s monthly antiques sale, along with this portrait of Captain Robert Poole WCL-E01-S2
Veteran’s blaze of glory Charterhouse A 1955 Bedford Self Propelled Pump, which is more affectionately known as a Green Goddess, is one of the more unusual lots in the Charterhouse classic vehicle auction tomorrow, on Sunday November 3. “The Auxiliary Fire Service was formed after the Second World War as part of civil defence preparations against major incidents. It was originally thought they would be a reserve stock in the case of a nuclear attack resulting in widespread fires which the fire service might not be able to control,” said auctioneer Matthew Whitney. “However, with a cruising speed of about 40 to 45mph, no power steering, not the greatest of cornering capabilities and a low fuel consumption of eight to ten miles per gallon, it is a relief we never had to use them!” This particular Green Goddess remained in store with the Scottish Home and Health Department, seeing light service, including pumping water from a reservoir in the hot summer of 1969. It is also believed to have seen service during the firemen’s strike of 1978, along with a few non-starring roles in films at Pinewood Studios. The current owner acquired the vehicle in 2008, whereupon he embarked on a full restoration programme. Painted in military green, this classic commercial vehicle is now looking for its next custodian. With the benefit of being not only tax exempt but also MOT exempt, there should be plenty of bidding on the day. Viewing for this Charterhouse auction of classic cars and motorcycles at The Royal Bath and West Showground, Shepton Mallet, is today, 9.30am to 4pm, with the sale starting at 11.30am tomorrow. If you are unable to attend the auction, live internet bidding is available through www.i-bidder.com/charterhouse
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its upkeep. There are a number of significant lots, including 17th-century English and Scottish broadswords which include a Scottish Ribbon Hilted Broadsword circa 1770. This wonderfully preserved piece with fine basket guard carries an estimate of £400 to £600 but is expected to easily exceed this (hopefully nudging four figures). There is also a North European swept-hilt rapier circa 1630, again in splendid condition and estimated at £400 to £600. There are a number of medals from the estate which include a very desirable Waterloo 1815 campaign medal to Private William Simonds, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Foot. Serving under Major Howard, the 30th were really in the thick of the action at Waterloo and therefore, with the interest in the battle and its 200-year anniversary just around the corner, the auctioneers expect that it will fetch somewhere between £1,500 and £2,000, not a bad price for something which was actually discovered in a bag of rubbish from the estate. Other notably lots from other properties include a very rare and desirable International Watch Company Luftwaffe B-Uhrs Navigators wristwatch from around 1940. There were only 1,000 of these watches manufactured for the Luftwaffe and it is fairly safe to say that the German aircrews suffered their heaviest losses in the latter part of the Battle of Britain and many of these watches perished with the aircraft. The auctioneers expect this to sell for something in the region of £7,000 to £10,000. The medals section has the usual range of Victorian, Great War and Second World War
This Waterloo 1815 campaign medal of Private William Simonds, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Foot features with Dominic Winter
items, but one lot stands out which is very rare and possibly unique. It is the British Empire Medal pair presented to Stewardess Elizabeth Plumb, who received her BEM and Lloyds Medal for Bravery at Sea for her gallant actions on board the RMS Rangitane during the Second World War. On November 27, 1940, the Rangitane was torpedoed by German raiders disguised as Japanese merchant traders. The constant barrage of shell fire severely wounded Stewardess Plumb and she was hit by splinters and shrapnel. Even though she was in great pain she cared for the crew and passengers for over nine hours in the lifeboats until they were all eventually picked up by a German prison ship. Once on board the German doctors remarked: “Don’t English women ever cry?” The misery did not stop there. The surviving crew were dropped of and marooned on Emirau Island in the Bismark Archipelago until they were rescued in January 1941. Stewardess Plumb remained in Auckland, New Zealand, as she quotes in a letter home: “Owing to having been wounded and nerves badly shattered I am reluctantly compelled to stay in New Zealand for an indefinite period”. Estimating this lot is hard but Henry Meadows guided it at £1,000 to 1,500, while expecting there to be interest from around the globe. For more information about sale lots in this particular auction or to ask about future consignments contact Henry by phone on 01285 860006 or via email: [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
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Antiques FROM PAGE 35
Film legend lives on Bonhams A costume worn by Bristol’s Cary Grant in the Hollywood movie The Howards Of Virginia is expected to fetch more than £4,000 at auction. The brown wool frock coat, a burgundy ground floral brocade waistcoat with orange silk back, and brown wool breeches will be auctioned at Bonhams simultaneously in New York and Los Angeles in November, just days before the 27th anniversary of Grant’s death, at the age of 82,on November 29, 1986. Grant, born in Bristol in 1904, was 36 when he made The Howards Of Virginia in 1940. It was one of four Grant films released that year. He was paid $150,000 per film. The Howards Of Virginia was described by the New York Times as “one of the best historical pictures to date” and set in the period leading up to the American Revolution. Grant stars as Matt Howard,a surveyor who befriends the young Thomas Jefferson and who later marries an aristocrat’s daughter. A spokesman for Bonhams said: “The sophisticated nature of the costume contrasts with the humble buckskins he wears earlier in the film and symbolises his transition from farmer to politician. The Howards Of Virginia was one of only two period films Grant made.” At the same time as the Bonhams sale, two posters from Grant films will be auctioned. A poster for Suspicion! is set to fetch almost £600. And a poster for North By Northwest is expected to sell for more than £500. This year, at Christie’s South Kensington in London, a poster for the Grant film To Catch A Thief sold for £5,250. Next year marks the 110th anniversary of Grant’s birth. He was born Archibald Alexander Leach at 15 Hughenden Road on January 18, 1904.
Charity sale for children Merchant House Hotel
A 1955 Bedford Self Propelled Pump, which is more affectionately known as a Green Goddess, is one of the more unusual lots in the Charterhouse classic vehicle auction tomorrow
A collection of more than 300 paintings and pictures of wildlife is going under the hammer on Sunday, to help raise money for sick children. It has been organised by an artist whose son is terminally ill, to thank the hospice which has helped them over the last few years. Ian Griffiths, from Helston, said Children’s Hospice South West’s Little Harbour hospice, near St Austell, has been excellent in providing respite breaks for his son Thomas, aged nine. Inspired to enrich the time that children, families and staff spend at the hospice, Mr Griffiths created a project called A Robin’s Song. More than 150 artists from around the world have donated pictures of birds and other wildlife which will now be sold to raise funds. The money will then be used to create birdboxes, feeding stations and a wildflower meadow at the hospice. Any remaining funds will be donated towards running costs. Mr Griffiths said: “My wife Lizzie and I regularly take our daughter Alice and son Thomas to Little Harbour. Here, and previously at Little Bridge House in Devon, we have benefited greatly from the wonderful facilities, care and support on offer. “As a full-time wildlife artist, I know the lifeenhancing benefits and pleasure that the natural world can bring to people of all ages – especially children. The song of a robin or the sight of butterflies among wild flowers can do so much. “Unfortunately, although there is an abundance of wildlife in the area around Little Harbour, there is little in the grounds themselves or near the building.” He added: “I would like to say a big thank you to all of the artists, other contributors and helpers for their generosity,” says Ian. I hope we can raise a substantial sum to continue the superb work that Hospice South West is doing.” The auction will be held at 3pm on Sunday at the Merchant House Hotel in Truro. The artwork can be viewed from 1pm. Also, to see some of the work, you may like to visit the website www.arobinssong.co.uk
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Printmakers celebrated The Marle Gallery The Marle Print Show, running from November 5 to January 26 in Axminster, East Devon, brings together the best of all the gallery’s printmakers, including Peter Freeth RA, Vicky Oldfield, Anthony Dyson RE and Anne Desmet RA. A few new printmakers to the gallery include Neil Bousfield’s woodengraving, David Risk Kennard’s woodcuts and Merrily Harpur’s Linocuts. Joining them will be some of Marle’s favourite ceramicists offering a eclectic range of ceramics. Gallery owner Nick Broomfield says The Print Show is a wonderful opportunity to see and buy original art at very accessible prices. “The vast majority of work on show is under £200 and includes wood engravings, linocuts, collagraphs, screenprints and aquatints,” says Nick. Here’s a full list of exhibiting artists at The Marle Print Show: Merrily Harpur, Neil Bousfield, David Risk Kennard, Hilary Paynter, Louise Hayward, Martin Grover, John Piper, Pete Lawrence, Anthony Dyson RE, Peter Freeth RA, Anne Desmet RA, Miriam MacGregor, Howard Phipps, Jenny Portlock, Trevor Haddrell, Vicky Oldfield, Jeremy Speck, Emma Molony, Sally Hebeler. Ceramics: Jacky Duncan, Mandy Parslow, Tim Andrews, Phillipa de Burlet, Nick Hillyard, Westend Pottery. Others: Angus Rutherford (pen and Ink), Tony Beaver (small oil paintings), Clarie Moynihans (3D Embroidery), Ricky Romain (small paintings), Simon Cook (small paintings).
Adventure full of surprises Crocadon Brocante Brocantes are similar to a second-hand market, vintage fair or flea market – and there is one at Crocadon, in the Tamar Valley tomorrow. Located at Crocadon Sawmill the Brocante, from 10am to 3pm, promises a unique experience in Cornwall, offering more than 30 stalls of antiques, vintage, bric-a-brac, furniture and more. With free entry and parking, live music and a cafe, it is not to be missed. There will also be an auction at noon where you can bid for some fantastic lots from furniture, art and model aircraft to garden wares and old fuel pumps. Viewing is today (Saturday, November 2) from 9am-1pm. Visit crocadon.co.uk for more information and online viewing. The cafe will be offering local smoked salmon sandwiches as well as delicious French-themed sweet treats and refreshments. Crocadon is based in the Tamar Valley, opposite St Mellion Golf Club, just 15 minutes from Plymouth and five from Callington. It is the location of successful monthly producer fairs held in the courtyard, where up to 50 stallholders display their unique hand produced goods. ■ Crocadon Sawmill, St Mellion, Saltash, PL12 6RL. 01579 350096. crocadonfarm.co.uk
Sale you will warm to Saltram Antiques
Cary Grant memorabilia will go under the hammer next month, close to the 27th anniversary of the Bristol-born screen legend’s death, at the age of 82, on November 29, 1986. A promotional poster from the movie Suspicion! will also be up for sale
With winter looming, dark nights around the corner and Christmas on the horizon, what can be better than sitting in front of a roaring coal fire? At Saltram Antiques today , all the fixtures and fittings of a cosy Edwardian drawing room await. The sale has a magnificent Lois XVl-style log grate fitted with a handsome brass hood with repose decoration of acanthus leaves with fruit and a central cartouche. The front of the grate has an elegant open fret design supported on a substantial pair of andirons on splayed feet (£1,800 to £2,200). The drawing room was typically used to entertain guests after dinner. There was no better way than an impromptu recital at the piano and, with a guide of £250-£350 you could be that pianist with a 1930s overstrung Baby Grand in a mahogany veneer case by J J Hopkinson of London. WCL-E01-S2
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Television and radio FILM CHOICE
TOP TV CHOICE
Rosemary’s Baby Based on Ira Levin’s chilling novel, it focuses on Rosemary Woodhouse, a happily married young woman who moves into a New York apartment with her actor husband, Guy. His career is going nowhere fast, so he resorts to a surprising course of action egged on by his seemingly pleasant neighbours in an attempt to improve his lot. Sadly, Guy’s plan involves something particularly nasty for his unsuspecting wife. Roman Polanski’s classic chiller was one of the most talked about films of the late 1960s. It remains one of the director’s best offerings of his US period. Mia Farrow is excellent as Rosemary, and John Cassavetes is suitably creepy as her husband. (Film4, Sunday, 10.50pm)
The National Theatre isn’t just a place for people who fancy a highbrow night out and this celebration of its 50th year brings together some of its biggest stars in its quest to reach a wider audience. Fittingly, half a century after the curtain first came up at the Old Vic, under the stewardship of Laurence Olivier, stars of stage will perform key scenes from some of its biggest hits. Among them are James Corden, Benedict Cumberbatch, Ralph Fiennes, and Dames Helen Mirren, Judi Dench and Maggie Smith. Among the highlights are Dame Helen recreating her role in Mourning Becomes Electra, and Charles Kay appearing in a scene from The National Health, a play in which he first appeared 45 years ago. But for some of the thespians, it’s a chance to step into some pretty big shoes. Jacobi and Michael Gambon take on roles in No Man’s Land, while Cumberbatch and Kobna Holdbrook-Smith tackle the 1967 production of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. (BBC Two, Tonight, 9pm)
The Men Who Stare at Goats A retired Special Forces operator who was once part of a US army unit that aimed to endow soldiers with superhuman powers and psychic abilities tells his story, and via flashbacks we get to see Lyn’s early days in the unit, when he and his arch rival Larry Hooper were trained by the unconventional Bill Django. While in Iraq, the scribe and his subject meet Hooper and Django in extraordinary circumstances, and Django helps them escape from a rehabilitation camp – after teaching the journalist his psychic beliefs. (BBC One, Tuesday, 11.35pm)
DVD Chasing Mavericks (PG) Jay Moriarity (Jonny Weston) feels at home on the Californian waves and he is also determined to ride the monstrous waves close to the home he shares with his depressed mother (Elisabeth Shue). His father left when he was eight, so Jay became the man of the house at an early age, putting aside adolescent crushes on best friend Kim (Leven Rambin) to keep his family afloat. After much pestering, Jay convinces veteran surfer Frosty Hesson (Gerard Butler) to train him for the epic trial of riding Mavericks, which can swell to 50 feet high. A father-son bond forms between the prodigy and the old-timer, and Frosty neglects his wife (Abigail Spencer) and children to guide Jay to greatness. While Frosty becomes a positive male authority figure for Jay, the youngster enriches his mentor's life too. Chasing Mavericks is an overly reverential tale of rousing triumph against the odds, based on the inspirational true story of a daredevil teenage surfer.
Chopper This film, made in 2000, follows the rise and fall of criminal Mark ‘Chopper’ Read, who went on to become a celebrity in his native Australia. Drawing on his own autobiographical books, some of which were penned while he was behind bars, it looks at the sometimes conflicting accounts of Read’s activities. It’s little wonder Hollywood came calling for former stand-up comic Eric Bana – he’s electrifying as the violent, irrational and yet often strangely likeable Chopper. But while he’s undoubtedly the star attraction, the rest of the movie is also gritty, uncompromising and more often than not blackly humorous. Read passed away in October from liver cancer. Before his death he gave a final TV interview in which he confessed to murder. It was Read himself who suggested Eric Bana and the actor spent two days living with him. (Film4, Friday, 1.30am)
RADIO
IN PROFILE
Welcome to My World: The Jim Reeves Story Terry Wogan celebrates the life and career of the Nashville singer-songwriter whose style mixed country music with the laidback approach of crooners such as Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby. The broadcaster looks at the influence Reeves had on the likes of Don Williams, Randy Travis and Charley Pride, and how he was one of the first people to make country music popular outside America. By the end of his career he’d made more than 50 albums and had a large number of pop hits under his belt. Jim was also one of the first people to take country music outside America, gaining widespread popularity in Britain, mainland Europe and South Africa. In July 1964, Jim Reeves was found dead in the wreckage of a private plane 10 miles south of Nashville. He was 39. But his death was far from being the end of the story. (Radio 4, Tuesday, 10pm)
Name Carol Vorderman Best known for Doing the sums and letters on Countdown. Early Life Carol Jean Vorderman was born in Bedford on December 24, 1960, to a Welsh mother and a Dutch father who split when she was a baby. Carol knew little about her father’s early life until she appeared on Who Do You Think You Are? where she learned he had been in the Dutch Resistance during the Second World War. She studied engineering at Cambridge. It was her mum who put her name forward for Countdown after spotting an advert looking for women with a flair for maths. CareerVorderman got the Countdown job, the first show broadcast on Channel 4 in 1982. She was initially one of four female presenters, but the other women were phased out, leaving her as Richard Whiteley’s co-host. Vorderman was soon in demand for other TV shows, appearing on the likes of Tomorrow’s World, How 2, Stars and Their Lives and Better Homes, but throughout continued to appear on Countdown. She announced she was leaving the show in 2008, after bosses reportedly asked her to take a 90 per cent pay cut. She has also been involved in a task force to improve numeracy in schools, and now co-hosts Loose Women. Quote “All my life, I have been used to dusting myself down and just getting on with it.” See her on Never Mind the Buzzcocks, BBC Two, Monday, 10pm.
TV QUIZ ANSWERS 1 Meera Syal; 2 Henry VIII; 3 Blue Peter; 4 Dame Joan Bakewell; 5 The Real Wild Show
TV QUIZ
Clichés are in many cases deservedly applied, and none more so than the term national treasure when it comes to the roll call of stars hitting the stage of the National Theatre to celebrate 50 years of its productions. Tonight, the BBC broadcasts a show at the theatre which brings together some of the country’s biggest acting names, to reprise or act anew some of theatre’s most famous roles
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1. Sanjeev Bhaskar is back with a new series of BBC One’s The Indian Doctor, starting on Monday. Bhaskar is also famous for his comedy series Goodness Gracious Me and The Kumars At No 42 which he starred in with his comedian wife. Who is she? 2. Jonathan Rhys Meyers plays Dracula in Sky Living’s series of the same name, which starts on October 31. Who did Rhys Meyers play in glossy period drama The Tudors? 3. Remembrance Week, BBC One’s series that will commemorate troops past and present, starts on Monday and is hosted by Gethin Jones. Which children’s TV show did Jones present? 4. This week we welcomed back Autumnwatch, with Michaela Strachan, Martin HughesGames and Chris Packham. Which Eighties children’s show did Packham present?
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Television Keeley Bolger
Gethin Jones with a group of soldiers at the Afghan National Army Officer Academy (ANAOA) in Kabul, Afghanistan
Gethin Jones made an unexpected impression when he stepped out in a vintage army uniform. However, that was for one of his Strictly Come Dancing routines. The Welsh-born presenter finished third in the fifth series of the show in 2007, where he danced the jitterbug with partner Camilla Dallerup while kitted out in the military attire. “My dad got a load of phone calls about the dance, because apparently I look a lot like my grandfather did at my age,” explains the 35year-old who made his name as a Blue Peter presenter but is now a regular on ITV’s Daybreak. “My dad never gets emotional, but seeing me dressed in that uniform looking like my grandfather made him emotional, and it made me quite proud to feel like my grandfather.” Jones has fond memories of his late grandfather, who was in the RAF, and has found
himself thinking about him more recently. For the third year running, he has flown to Afghanistan to present BBC One’s Remembrance Week, a week-long series dedicated to commemorating troops past and present. The series, which won a Royal Television Society Award last year, was originally hosted by former soldier Rav Wilding before Jones took over presenting duties three years ago. And this year Jones, who says he hopes his grandfather would have been proud of the show, has felt a shift in attitude as Britain reduces the strength of its forces in Afghanistan and lets the homegrown troops take over. And despite the inherent dangers, he is inspired by the courage of the soldiers. “In a weird way, I look forward to going to Afghanistan every year. Every single person
I’ve met out there’s been wonderful and wonderfully humble. You just feel like they’re getting on with their jobs.” Although pleased for him, his parents and sister were understandably concerned when Jones first hotfooted it over to the war-torn country. “Not for one second do I realise the implications of going out there,” Jones admits. “That’s felt mostly by my family, when they’re going, ‘You’re not going out there again, are you?’ But I love it, and I feel very blessed to be chosen to do the job, to host it and to tell the stories.” His mum and dad have also had a little involvement. “My parents picked me up from the airport when we flew back with the rest of the troops,” he explains. “I was quite keen for them to see all the soldiers meeting their friends, families and kids. That was very powerful. Six months away from home... imagine how much a child changes in that time.” “I fill up a bit when I talk about it, because I can see faces I’ve been speaking to coming to the terminal. It was just a lovely moment. On the way home, my mum and dad were talking about how nice that was. As parents, they understood it from a different angle.” His experiences have inspired the presenter to research ways in which he can help and he has been looking at joining the forces as a reservist. “I have this connection with the way they do their business,” he says. It’s very disciplined and I like that, so I’m just looking to see if there’s anything I can do to help. “I worry about the younger generation,
because being on the front line, or seeing your friend being blown up, always stays with you,” he reflects. “While they’re brave and get through the tour, what happens after? What happens in those quiet moments when you’re on your own? “That’s when I think about those guys the most, and that’s why I’m such a massive fan of any charity that helps soldiers who’ve been injured, or struggled when they’ve come back. The more money and awareness we have for those guys, the better.” Jones may not have fought on the front line but, over the years, he’s had his fair share of action man-style feats, including a gruelling Royal Marines challenge that only one other civilian has completed. “I did the Commando Yomp, a 30-mile speed march, that was hideous,” he recalls, laughing. “I’m quite a boring date. I usually get that I completed the Yomp in before ‘hello!’ I am very proud of that.” It’s hard to believe such claims by the handsome star, who was previously engaged to singer Katherine Jenkins. As well as filming in Afghanistan, he has been busy training for a half-marathon, working on Daybreak and recently performed a routine with Strictly partner Dallerup for the opening ceremony of the Rugby League World Cup in Cardiff. He was a little apprehensive about taking to the floor again. “It was in front of 60,000 people at the Millennium Stadium. Strictly was five years ago and they’ve still got the same measurements for my jive outfit. I was worried I was going to be popping out everywhere!” “I love how varied my job is,” he says. “It’s great – I wouldn’t have it any other way.”
PICKS OF THE WEEK
FACTUAL Top Gear presenter Richard Hammond rebuffs claims of trashing the planet – to make his own (BBC One, Sunday, 9pm)
COMEDY Jack Whitehall returns with his student chums for another term and series of Fresh Meat (Channel 4, Monday, 10pm)
FILM Claudia Winkleman and co-presenter Danny Leigh bring Film 2013 to our screens (BBC One, Wednesday, 11.05pm)
MUSIC Everyone has a favourite Elvis tune, surely? Zoe Ball collates the scores for each one (ITV, 9pm, Sunday) WCL-E01-S2
NATURE As the leaves in the UK turn yellow, Kate Humble goes to Africa to begin the Countdown to the Rains (BBC Two, Sunday)
REALITY The tials, tribulations – and food bills of pet obsessives who keep more than their fair share of animals (BBC One, Tuesday)
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 39
Columnists
Martin Hesp Don’t you love it when life gets so surreal it’s like you’re on TV?
Alice Bell There was a catastrophe at the office last Monday morning.
It’s like you’ve entered some fantasy envisaged in a crazy movie. That happened to me this week in a tiny office – but it was no ordinary workroom, nor were the people surrounding me everyday office folk. It was the moment when I entered The Simpsons TV cartoon. Only it was even more Simpson-esque than that weird programme can ever manage to be. For those who have never seen it, The Simpsons mocks the real world by being outrageous and surreal. Intellectually challenged Homer Simpson works in a tiny office perched on top of a giant nuclear reactor. His boss is greedy, unscrupulous, power-plant owner multimillionaire Monty Burns. I was in Homer’s office recently. Seriously. I sat in a tiny room perched on top of the nuclear reactor at Hinkley Point. There were three other people in the office, which had a big window looking out over the cathedral-sized reactor hall. There was the editor of a local newspaper, a government official and a man who sat behind a computer screen – just like Homer Simpson does on TV. We all looked identical because everyone up there in and around the reactor hall was covered from head to foot in blue overalls and all wore orange hard hats. So telling one person from another was not easy, but I did realise who the heavily disguised person behind the computer screen was – and I joked with him that he looked just like the wellknown Simpson. Luckily, Secretary of State for Energy Ed Davey has a good sense of humour – and he played up to the joke by pretending to be a bit Homer-esque, pressing various knobs and buttons with clueless abandon. However, the horseplay soon ended because a whole bunch of boiler-suited people entered the room, led by a breathless public relations person who started bossing us about. This was when my surreal Simpsons moment intensified one-hundred-fold – not only because this panting stooge reminded me of Monty Burns’ sidekick, Smithers, but because the big man being ushered into the room behind him was none other than Mr Burns himself. Or rather, it was the Prime Minister, who sat down next to me and said: “Shoot!” But only after he’d muttered to his minders: “Did I get that right about the cost of the Severn Barrage? I hope so.” Like one of Mr Burns’ eager cartoon staff, Mr Davey assured him he had told the TV reporters in the reactor hall the correct figures. The big man did not take any notice of this reassurance – indeed, I watched him closely during the 30 minutes we were up there on top of Hinkley B Station’s nuclear reactors – and Mr Cameron never seemed to take much notice of his Energy Secretary at all. Because, like Monty Burns, Dave Cameron is pretty much armour-plated. I had the feeling that if I really did shoot – as he had told me to – the bullets would have bounced off his pink, platinum-protected, skin. Of course, it is no good some lowly regional hack like me trying to have a real conversation with a Prime Minister – his minders had told me I would have just two questions and after that my time would be up, the inference being that I was lucky to get even a single minute. My couple of queries were duly bulldozed aside with replies that had been learned off-
And it was so bad it even got its own hashtag on Twitter: #milk-a-geddon. Now, I’m a journalist so the first thing I want to do is sensationalise the story. Basically, we were the victims of a double delivery of milk. There were just too many bottles on our doorstep to fit into the fridge and not even a Brit suffering from insomnia and dehydration could have drunk enough tea to use up the surplus before it got a bit warm. Even worse, nobody could remember who our delivery man was or where he came from so the next morning we found another crate of bottles on the doorstep, like we were being targeted by some lactose-obsessed stalker. Carnage. Absolute carnage. And if you thought we were making much
pat – and the PM marched off to his helicopter which, in true Simpson-esque form, ascended between a black cloud and a rainbow. Later I watched the Prime Minister’s announcement about Hinkley C on TV and learned what a “thoroughly good thing” it all was. Except, I do not believe it. I’m a bit thick when it comes to numbers, but I cannot see why it is a good thing for the French and the Chinese to be investing in this nation’s future energy needs, and not us. One thing is certain: they are not doing it out of a sense of charity. One day we will be paying them, big-time. Real life is not a game of Monopoly, but if it was – we just lost. But then, life is not a Simpsons cartoon either – it just sometimes seems like one.
2 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
COLUMNISTS ONLINE You can enjoy the best of Alice Bell’s and Martin Hesp’s Saturday essays – and our other writers – on the Western Daily Press website westerndailypress.co.uk/wcl
ado about nothing there, you obviously didn’t see our reporting of St Jude’s Storm when it finally hit the West Country. I say “hit”. “Inappropriately touched” might be a better description. The name alone just makes it sound like a soppy ballad Paul McCartney might start randomly singing in Covent Garden. Considering the horrific damage the storm caused in other parts of the UK and beyond, I’m not sure how Somerset and Wiltshire managed to escape pretty much unscathed. Especially since every local news hub in the area had been warning us of our impending doom for at least a week beforehand. Twitter was on top sarcastic form that Monday, though, with every wannabe Have I Got News For You writer across the south posting pictures of plastic garden chairs that had blown over and Tweeting: “Scenes of complete devastation in Bath this morning...” Meanwhile, I was forced to drive through a puddle that definitely hadn’t been there the day before. Not a big one, though. I don’t think Noah would have got out of bed for it. My colleague was much more prepared. I only wish she’d been in charge of the train companies as she not only remembered to put on extra hairspray but she also brought a spare pair of socks in case her feet got a bit wet on the walk into work. The news that morning was basically: “Everything’s gone a bit mental today but if you bear with us, we’ll update you on the weather and traffic situation, just as soon as we’ve found somewhere to put all this milk.” Then it was over to the weather girl, whose reports ran increasingly along the lines of: “So as you heard there in the news, ARMAGEDDON HAS ARRIVED! As for tomorrow... well, quite frankly, who cares, nobody will be around to see it.” I tried to sound slightly more balanced when it was my turn but just ended up saying a la Michael Fish: “Gosh, it’s a bit windy out there, isn’t it? But we’re expecting some sunny spells too and highs of 15 degrees, so it could be worse.” Then we crossed over to the man doing the traffic updates. He’d been stuck in a massive queue that morning and from the tone of his voice you could tell he just wanted to rant: “There's some right divs on the road today. One in front of me tried to drive his Prius through a flood and got stuck, can you believe the idiot? Also, there’s some puddles around that might make your car a bit grubby. Oh, and if you're late for work, you can bet the car in front is a flaming hearse.” The reporting of St Jude managed to whip everyone up into a frenzy of hysteria. Even our hard journalistic hearts had to feel a bit awkward when our cleaning lady arrived at the office wearing what looked like scuba gear and brandishing an industrial-sized umbrella. The fallout was worse than “plebgate”. It was “floodgate”, although unfortunately not literally. That might have been useful.
WCL-E01-S2
Along with being the top performing day school in Bristol, QEH is firmly amongst leading academic schools nationally. Most boys go to top universities or medical schools, including 10%to Oxford and Cambridge. One hundred boys are in the Junior School which shares the ethos of the Senior School whilst retaining its own individual identity.
FOUNDED IN 1590, QEH THRIVES WITH 670 BOYS AGED 7–18
Stephen Holliday and Martin Morris, the respective Headmasters of QEH Seniors and Juniors, agree that a good school is far more complicated than counting exam passes. Good schools build character. That is easy to say, tricky to define and even more difficult to achieve. Character is formed through adventure and fortitude, through integrity and values, and is rooted in a sense of self-worth. Exam success: that is a by-product of a school where building character comes first. At QEH staff nurture character and go on to prepare boys for life beyond the school. Mr Holliday says: “ I like to think we build character from the very beginning, whether that starts in Year 3 or Year 7 or Year 9. We promote the importance of good values, we produce the young men who know themselves, who respect and help others and who have opinions. Incidentally, our exam results are also spectacularly good.” Mr Morris adds: “A key aim is to develop each boy’s personal qualities, provide a sound foundation for his future, and ensure that every boy leaves recognising himself as a lifelong learner. We are particularly keen to break out from the traditional idea of the four-walled classroom, and make our ‘classroom’ the wider world.”
Building Character Junior School Places Available…
ENTRY ASSESSMENTS Year 3 & 4 start 4 November Year 5 & 6 start 18 November
0117 930 3068 www.qehbristol.co.uk WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 3
Sunday television&radio Sunday’s Television Guide BIGFOOT FILES 8pm, Channel 4
TV PICKS
RICHARD HAMMOND BUILDS A PLANET 9pm, BBC1
The Top Gear presenter creates a CGI world in the California desert, enlisting the help of scientists to carry out experiments along the way.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 7.25 Match of the Day (R,S,HD). 9.00 The Andrew Marr Show (S,HD). 10.00 Sunday Morning Live (S,HD). 11.00 Sunday Politics (S). 12.15 MOTD2 Extra (S,HD). 1.00 BBC News (S,HD). 1.15 The Story of the Swastika (S,HD). 1.45 Bargain Hunt (S). 2.40 Escape to the Country (R,S). 3.40 Points of View (S,HD). 3.55 Songs of Praise (S,HD). 4.30 Formula 1: Abu Dhabi Grand Prix – Highlights (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
In the last in the series, Mark Evans travels to Russia to investigate the story of Zana, a ‘wild woman’ said to have been found in the remote Caucasus in the 1870s and thought to be a surviving hominid or Neanderthal. She was alleged to have had four children by her captors over the years.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 7.10 Film: The Bride Walks Out (S) (1936). ●●● 8.30 Alan Titchmarsh’s Garden Secrets (R,S,HD). 9.30 Gardeners’ World (R,S,HD). 10.00 Saturday Kitchen Best Bites (S). 11.30 EastEnders (S,HD). 1.20 Rugby Union (S,HD). 2.20 Live Cycling (S). The Track World Cup from Manchester. 5.30 Inspire: The Olympic Journey (R,S,HD). Gabby Logan visits Glasgow ahead of next year’s Commonwealth Games.
AFRICA 2013: COUNTDOWN TO THE RAINS 8pm, BBC2
2012 9pm, Channel 5
Kate Humble and Simon King report on the lives of animals in Zambia as they wait for the longest dry season in many years to finish.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Babar and the Adventures of Badou (R,S). 6.10 Matt Hatter Chronicles (R,S). 6.35 Dino Dan (R,S). 7.00 Canimals (R,S). 7.25 Sooty (S). 7.35 Horrid Henry (R,S). 7.50 Big Time Rush (S). 8.15 Bottom Knocker Street (S). 8.30 Fort Boyard Ultimate Challenge (S). 9.25 ITV News (S). 9.30 Storage Hoarders (R,S,HD). 10.30 Sunday Side Up (S,HD). 11.30 Sunday Scoop (S). 12.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 12.35 Inside the National Trust (S,HD). 1.35 Fool Britannia (R,S,HD). 2.05 The X Factor (R,S,HD). 3.55 Downton Abbey (R,S,HD). 5.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R,S). 5.30 Prize Island (S,HD).
Premiere. A scientist learns the world is soon to face a global cataclysm that will wipe out the human race, but finds the US president has plans to secretly save a fraction of the population, leaving everyone else to die. Disaster movie, with John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Danny Glover and Amanda Peet.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The American Football Show (R,S). 7.05 Yorkshire Marathon (S). 8.00 Everybody Loves Raymond (R,S). 9.00 Frasier (R,S). 9.30 Sunday Brunch (S). 12.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,S,HD). 1.50 The Simpsons (R,S). 3.20 Film: Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (S,HD) (1989). See Choices Above. ●● 5.25 Channel 4 News (S). 5.50 Film: Grease (S,HD) (1978). Romantic musical, with John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John. ●●●●●
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake! 10.00 Power Rangers: Super Samurai (S,HD). 10.35 Slugterra (S,HD). 11.00 Cowboy Builders (R,S,HD). 12.00 Police Interceptors (R,S,HD). 1.00 Film: Ghostbusters (S,HD) (1984). Supernatural comedy, starring Bill Murray. ●●●●● 3.00 Film: Baby Boom (S,HD) (1987). Comedy, starring Diane Keaton. ●●● 5.10 Film: The Fox and the Hound (S,HD) (1981). Animated adventure, with the voice of Mickey Rooney. ●●●
(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
8.00 Africa 2013: Countdown to the Rains (S,HD). 1/3. See Choices Above.
8.00 The X Factor Results (S,HD). 16/22. The two acts with the lowest number of public votes face each other in the sing-off, and for one of them the dream of stardom will be over. Taylor Swift and Little Mix perform live.
8.00 Bigfoot Files (S). 3/3. See Choices Above.
9.00 Great Continental Railway Journeys (S,HD). 2/6. Michael Portillo travels from Turin to Venice, recreating a scene from The Italian Job and investigating the British love affair with Lake Como in the early 20th century.
9.00 Downton Abbey (S,HD). 7/8. See Choices Above.
9.00 Homeland (S,HD). 5/12. A mysterious man enters the country at the US-Canadian border, Carrie puts her mission on the line to complete a risky favour and Saul is forced to rub elbows with an adversary.
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6.00 Regional News (S,HD). 6.20 Countryfile (S,HD). How the Hertfordshire landscape inspired sculptor Henry Moore.
▼
7.20 Strictly Come Dancing: The Results (S,HD). Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman reveal which couples are in the danceoff, leaving their fates in the hands of the judges.
▼
6.35 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.45 ITV News and Weather (S).
2012, 9pm
8.00 The Paradise (S,HD). 3/8. Tom cancels the staff outing to the music hall, so Denise suggests the staff should put on their own show, while also worrying about whether to apply for the head of ladieswear job.
▼
after
6.00 Flog It! (R,S). 25/80. The history of Poole Pottery. 6.30 The Ginge, the Geordie and the Geek (S,HD). 6/6. A referee treats a pub like a football pitch. Last in the series. 7.00 How to Build a Jumbo Jet Engine (R,S). 2/3. The construction of Rolls-Royce’s Trent 1000 jet engine.
Homeland, 9pm
9.00 Richard Hammond Builds a Planet (S,HD). See Choices Above.
▼
11
The X Factor Results, 8pm
10.00 BBC News; Regional News and Weather (S,HD). 10.25 Match of the Day 2 (S,HD). Everton v Tottenham Hotspur and Cardiff City v Swansea City. Mark Chapman introduces highlights of the Premier League matches at Goodison Park and the Cardiff City Stadium.
10.00 The Wrong Mans (R,S,HD). 6/6. Sam and Phil realise they must put themselves right in the line of fire to expose the plot, save Bracknell, uncover double agents and rescue their loved ones. Last in the series. 10.30 QI XL (S,HD). 9/16. Extended edition. With Jo Brand, Marcus Brigstocke and Danny Baker.
10.05 ITV News and Weather (S); Weather. 10.20 OCD Ward (R,S,HD). An insight into four severe cases of obsessive compulsive disorder, including two men who are receiving treatment at south London’s Springfield University Hospital.
10.00 Was It Something I Said? (S,HD). 5/8. With guests Robert Webb and Miles Jupp. 10.25 Toast of London (S,HD). 3/6. Steven is offered a starring role in a new film. 10.50 No Fire Zone (S). War crimes alleged to have been committed by the Sri Lankan government.
▼
10
Great Continental Railway ... 9pm
11.30 Rugby League World Cup (S,HD). Tanya Arnold presents highlights of the second round of group matches, which included England v Ireland, Australia v Fiji and New Zealand v France.
11.15 Never Mind the Buzzcocks (R,S,HD). 6/13. Eamonn Holmes hosts, with Sarah Millican, Shaun Ryder, Greg McHugh and Jaymi Hensley. 11.45 The Invisible (S) (2007). Thriller, with Justin Chatwin. ●●●
11.20 Premiership Rugby Union (HD). Action from the latest top-flight fixtures, which included Leicester Tigers v Harlequins, Gloucester v London Wasps and London Irish v Northampton Saints.
11.45 Alan Carr: Chatty Man (R,S,HD). 10/18. James Corden talks about the DVD release of The Wrong Mans, Tom Hiddleston discusses Thor: The Dark World and Joan Collins shares some of her memoirs.
▼
6 7 8 9
Countryfile, 6.20pm
12.30 The Sky at Night (S,HD). The team joins astronomers in Blackheath, south-east London, to watch a lunar eclipse and discover the results of the Moore Moon Marathon. With guest Jon Culshaw. 12.50 Weatherview (S). 12.55 BBC News (S,HD).
1.20 Sign Zone: Countryfile (R,S). For the first time, the programme plays host to One Man and His Dog, the contest showcasing the skills and traditions of sheepdog training and handling. Matt Baker commentates. 2.15 Sign Zone: Holby City (R,S). Chantelle’s expectations are challenged on her first day back at work. 3.15 This Is BBC Two (S).
12.20 The Store (R). Home shopping. 2.20 Motorsport UK (HD). Highlights from Silverstone, featuring the Ginetta GT Supercup and Porsche Carrera Cup. 3.10 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S,HD). The host invites guests to air their differences over family and relationship issues, and provides them with his own brand of no-nonsense advice.
12.45 American Football Live (S). Houston Texans v Indianapolis Colts (Kickoff 1.30am). Nat Coombs is joined by Mike Carlson to present all the action from the AFC South encounter at the Reliant Stadium. 4.45 Killarney Adventure Race (R,S). Action from the one-day multiadventure race in Ireland. 5.15 Deal or No Deal (R,S,HD).
7.00 Surprise Surprise (S,HD). 7/10. Jessie J performs in the studio as a surprise for a 13-year-old girl from Lancashire who shaved off her hair in aid of the hospice where her grandfather stayed.
6.50 5 News Weekend (S,HD). 6.55 U-571 (S) (2000). American forces board a stricken Nazi submarine at the height of the Second World War in the hope of seizing an Enigma coding machine, but German reinforcements arrive, forcing them to flee in the unfamiliar craft. Action adventure, starring Matthew McConaughey, Harvey Keitel, Bill Paxton, Jon Bon Jovi, David Keith, Thomas Kretschmann, Jake Weber and Jack Noseworthy. See Choices Above. ●●
9.00 2012 (S,HD) (2009). Premiere. A scientist learns the world is soon to face a global cataclysm that will wipe out the human race, but finds the US president has plans to secretly save a fraction of the population, leaving everyone else to die. A writer learns of this plan and as the world is devastated by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, he tries to get his family to the last safe refuge. Disaster movie, with John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Danny Glover, Amanda Peet, Thandie Newton, Oliver Platt, Woody Harrelson and Tom McCarthy. See Choices Above. ●●●
12.10 Film: Creep (S) (2004). ●●● 1.35 SuperCasino. 3.10 The Gadget Show (R,S,HD). 4.00 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 4.25 Make It Big (R,S). 4.50 Roary the Racing Car (R,S). 5.00 Angels of Jarm (R,S). 5.05 Hana’s Helpline (R,S). 5.20 Angels of Jarm (R,S). 5.25 The Funky Valley Show (R,S). 5.40 Roary the Racing Car (R,S). 5.50 Hana’s Helpline (R,S).
The complete outfitters for every occasion, including formal hire THE
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42 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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DOWNTON ABBEY 9pm, ITV
KARL PILKINGTON: THE MOANING OF LIFE 9pm, Sky1
Robert travels to America to bail out Cora’s brother, Blake and Mary are forced to put aside their differences and help comes from an unlikely quarter when Violet is taken ill.
ITV2 ITV2
6.00 Union J: The Hot Desk (R,HD). 6.10 Emmerdale (R,HD). 8.40 Coronation Street (R,HD). 11.10 The X Factor (R,HD). 1.05 The Xtra Factor (R,HD). 2.05 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 2.35 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 3.10 Film: The Borrowers (1997). ●●● 4.55 Film: Rumor Has It (HD) (2005). Romantic comedy, starring Jennifer Aniston.●●
Why do people have children? That’s the puzzler bothering world-weary philosopher Karl this week. Travelling the globe, he tries to understand why couples feel the need to become parents, visiting a fertility festival in Japan and a natural birthing centre in Bali.
E4 E4
6.00 Switched (R). 6.20 Make It or Break It (R,HD). 7.05 Ugly Betty (R,HD). 7.50 Charmed (R). 8.50 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 9.50 Hollyoaks (R,HD). 12.25 Made in Chelsea (R,HD). 1.30 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 2.30 The Mindy Project (R,HD). 3.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 4.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 5.30 Rules of Engagement (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1
6.00 Hour of Power (HD). 7.00 Glee (R,S,HD). 9.00 Harrow (R,S,HD). 10.00 WWE Superstars (R,HD). 11.00 WWE: Experience (HD). 12.00 Thor: The Dark World Special (S). 12.30 David Attenborough’s Galapagos (R,S,HD). 1.30 Ashley Banjo’s Secret Street Crew (R,S,HD). 2.30 John Bishop’s Only Joking (R,S,HD). 3.30 Futurama (R,S).
FILM PICKS
Sunday television&radio STAR TREK V: THE FINAL FRONTIER 3.20pm, Channel 4
American forces board a Nazi submarine in the hope of seizing an Enigma coding machine. Second World War adventure, starring Matthew McConaughey.
Sci-fi adventure, written, directed by and starring William Shatner, with Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley and David Warner.
Gold GOLD
6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 Jeeves and Wooster 10.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 12.00 One Foot in the Grave 12.40 Open All Hours 1.20 Only Fools and Horses 2.00 The Vicar of Dibley 2.40 Outnumbered – The Christmas Special 3.35 Blackadder II 4.15 ‘Allo ‘Allo! 5.00 The Good Life 5.40 Keeping Up Appearances
The Xtra Factor, 9pm
The Seeker: The Dark … 8pm
Revolution, 10.05pm
Mrs Brown’s Boys, 9pm
6.55 Dragonheart (HD) (1996). A knight sets out to slay a dragon, only to find the unhappy creature is the last of its kind. Forging an unlikely alliance, the pair embark on a mission to rid their kingdom of its tyrannical ruler. Fantasy adventure, starring Dennis Quaid, David Thewlis, Pete Postlethwaite, Julie Christie, Dina Meyer, John Gielgud, Jason Isaacs and Lee Oakes, with the voice of Sean Connery. Including FYI Daily. ●●●
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). The gang celebrates Halloween.
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S). 6.30 The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow (R,S). Short animation.
6.20 One Foot in the Grave. A hole appears at the bottom of the garden.
7.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 7.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Sheldon and Penny bond as they miss Leonard.
7.00 Harrow: A Very British School (R,S,HD). Mr Smith prepares to retire after 30 years.
7.00 Open All Hours. Arkwright invents a saint’s day. 7.40 Fawlty Towers. Basil holds a gourmet night.
8.00 The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising (HD) (2007). A teenager discovers he is the last in a long line of warriors destined to defend the world from dark forces. His duty now is to embark on a perilous journey through time to recover the six parts of a powerful mystical artefact and ensure it is returned to safe hands. Fantasy adventure, starring Alexander Ludwig and Christopher Eccleston. ●●
8.00 Arrow (R,HD). A killer escapes from prison and continues his evil trade of torture and murder, while Oliver is shocked that the DA is seeking the death penalty for his mother.
8.20 Only Fools and Horses. Del seizes a once-in-alifetime opportunity to improve his social standing by launching his own chandeliercleaning business.
9.00 Karl Pilkington: The Moaning of Life (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 Mrs Brown’s Boys. Newlyweds Dermot and Maria argue. 9.40 Miranda. A handsome man leaves his wallet in the shop.
9.00 The Xtra Factor (HD). Caroline Flack and Matt Richardson go behind the scenes of the main results show to chat to the departing act and get opinions of the night’s performances.
U-571 6.55pm, Channel 5
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1
6.00 SNF – Match Choice (HD). 7.30 Game Changers (HD). 8.30 FL72 Highlights (HD). 9.00 The Sunday Supplement (HD). 10.30 Goals on Sunday (HD). A review of yesterday’s football action. 12.30 Live Super Sunday (HD). Everton v Tottenham Hotspur (Kick-off 1.30pm). 3.30 Live Super Sunday (HD). Cardiff City v Swansea City (Kick-off 4.00pm).
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). Mishaps from Fawlty Towers, Friends and EastEnders. 7.10 Cars (S) (2006). Animated adventure, with the voices of Owen Wilson. ●●● 9.00 Russell Howard’s Good News (R,S). The comedian’s perspective on stories dominating the media. 9.30 Russell Howard’s Good News (R,S). Live Super Sunday, 12.30pm 10.00 Family Guy (S). 6.30 Live Spanish Football 10.25 Family Guy (R,S). (HD). Levante v Granada. 10.45 Sweat the Small Coverage of the La Liga Stuff (R,S). match at the Estadi 11.15 American Dad! Ciutat de Valencia, (R,S). joining the match 30 11.40 American Dad! minutes after kick-off. (R,S).
8.00 Live Spanish Football (HD). Malaga v Real Betis (Kick-off 8.00pm). Coverage of the La Liga contest at the Estadio La Rosaleda, where both clubs will be looking for a victory to help push them up the table.
10.00 Drifters (R,HD). Comedy 10.05 Revolution (S,HD). Rachel and her dad about three female rescue Miles, but their graduates who are decision to take struggling to find jobs someone else sparks alland boyfriends in Leeds, out war. Neville and while also searching for Jason are caught offa place to live. Starring guard by a group of Jessica Knappett. violent refugees. 10.30 Drifters (R,HD). Meg lands herself a hot date.
10.20 The Royle Family. Jim 10.00 Football Special (HD). embarks on a spot of Everton v Tottenham DIY. Hotspur and Cardiff City v Swansea City. 10.55 Absolutely Fabulous. Highlights of the Premier Edina and Patsy set off League matches at for a break in Provence, Goodison Park and the only to find their Cardiff City Stadium. chateau is nowhere near as luxurious as they were expecting.
11.50 Tricked (R,HD). Magician Ben Hanlin scares Helen Flanagan, and takes star of Shameless Jody Latham on a nasty fishing trip.
11.00 Channel 4’s Comedy Gala. Highlights of the stand-up comedy show in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital. Last in the series. 11.55 Misfits (R,HD).
11.00 Trollied (R,S,HD). Gavin returns to work, determined to be more forward-thinking. 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Police officers combat vehicle crime.
11.35 Fawlty Towers. Basil decides to enhance the hotel’s reputation with an exclusive night of gourmet cuisine. Unfortunately, his new chef is distracted by hapless waiter Manuel.
11.30 Champions League Weekly (HD). A look ahead to matchday four.
12.50 Tricked (R,HD). Hiddencamera magic show, hosted by Ben Hanlin. 1.50 The Vampire Diaries (R,HD). Elena and Caroline prepare for a fresh start at college. 2.40 Nicki Minaj: The Hot Desk (R,HD). An interview with the R’n’B star. 2.50 Teleshopping. 5.50 ITV2 Nightscreen (HD).
1.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Sheldon and Howard stake their most coveted comic books on a bet over the species of a cricket. Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons star. 1.30 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.00 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.20 Channel 4’s Comedy Gala (R). 3.00 Hollyoaks (R,HD).
12.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 1.00 Night Cops (R,S,HD). 2.00 Brit Cops: Zero Tolerance (R,S,HD). 3.00 Brit Cops: Zero Tolerance (R,S,HD). 4.00 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD). 4.30 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD). 5.00 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD). 5.30 Crash Test Dummies (R,S,HD).
12.15 Mrs Brown’s Boys 12.55 Miranda 1.25 The Royle Family 1.55 Absolutely Fabulous 2.25 Ripping Yarns. A British PoW’s constant attempts to escape his German captors exasperate his fellow prisoners. Comedy, starring Michael Palin and Roy Kinnear. 3.00 Home Shopping
12.00 Spanish Football (HD). Rayo Vallecano v Real Madrid. 1.00 Football Special (HD). Everton v Tottenham Hotspur and Cardiff City v Swansea City. 2.30 Champions League Weekly (HD). 3.00 Spanish Football (HD). 4.00 Football Special (HD). 5.30 Champions League Weekly (HD).
RADIO
10.00 The Only Way Is Essex (HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex. 10.50 Freshers (R,HD). The students try to balance their lives effectively. Last in the series.
Radio 1 5.00am Seani B 7.00 Gemma Cairney 10.00 Dev 1.00pm Radio 1’s Teen Awards 2013 5.15 The Official Chart Show with Scott Mills 7.00 Radio 1’s Teen Awards Best Bits with Dan & Phil 9.00 The Surgery with Aled & Dr Radha 10.00 Annie Mac Midnight BBC Introducing with Ally McCrae 2.00 Monki 4.00 Dev Radio 2 6.00am The Sunday Hour 7.00 Hardeep Singh Kohli with Good Morning Sunday 9.00 Steve Wright’s Sunday Love Songs 11.00 Weekend Wogan 1.00pm Elaine Paige on Sunday 3.00 Johnnie Walker’s Sounds of the 70s 5.00 Paul O’Grady 7.00 Sunday Night with Michael Ball 9.00 Clare Teal 11.00
Don Black Midnight Maria McErlane 2.00 Alex Lester Radio 3 7.00am Breakfast 9.00 News 9.03 Sunday Morning with Rob Cowan Noon Private Passions 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 The Early Music Show 3.00 Choral Evensong 4.00 The Choir 5.30 Words and Music 6.45 Sunday Feature: Albert Camus: Inside the Outsider 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert 10.00 Drama on 3: The Outsider 11.30 Roslavets Violin Concertos 12.30am Through the Night Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Bells on Sunday 5.45 Profile 6.00 News Headlines 6.05 Something Understood 6.35 Living World 6.57 Weather
7.00 News 7.07 Sunday Papers 7.10 Sunday 7.55 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 7.55 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 7.57 Weather 8.00 News 8.07 Sunday Papers 8.10 Sunday Worship 8.50 A Point of View 8.58 Tweet of the Day 9.00 Broadcasting House 10.00 The Archers 11.15 Desert Island Discs Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 The Museum of Curiosity 12.30 The Food Programme 12.57 Weather 1.00 The World This Weekend 1.30 Reflections 2.00 Gardeners’ Question Time 2.45 The Listening Project 3.00 Classic Serial: Sword of Honour – Unconditional Surrender 4.00 Bookclub 4.30 The Echo Chamber 5.00 File on 4 5.40 Profile
5.54 Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.15 Pick of the Week 7.00 The Archers 7.15 My Teenage Diary 7.45 A Flash of Fireflies 8.00 Feedback 8.30 Last Word 9.00 Money Box 9.26 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 9.26 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 9.30 Analysis 9.59 Weather 10.00 The Westminster Hour 11.00 The Film Programme 11.30 Something Understood Midnight News and Weather 12.15 Thinking Allowed 12.45 Bells on Sunday 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast Radio 5 Live 5.00am Morning Reports 5.30 The Non League Football Show 6.00 Sunday Breakfast
WCL-E01-S2
BBC3 BBC3
12.00 Some Girls 12.30 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 2.00 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 2.30 Some Girls (R,S). 3.00 Him & Her (R,S). 3.30 Him & Her (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 Yellowstone: Unnatural Histories (R). 8.00 Dreaming the Impossible: Unbuilt Britain (R). How Scotland was almost cut in half to create a warship canal. 9.00 Searching for Exile – Truth or Myth? Documentary exploring the exile of the Jews from Jerusalem. 10.00 Searching for Exile: The Debate. Discussion chaired by Ed Stourton. 10.45 Treasures of Chinese Porcelain (R). Europe’s fascination with Chinese pottery. 11.45 Pink Floyd: Wish You Were Here (R). 12.45 Pink Floyd: A Delicate Sound of Thunder (R). Footage from the musicians’ A Momentary Lapse of Reason tour in 1988. 2.20 Yellowstone: Unnatural Histories (R).
9.00 SportsWeek 10.00 Pienaar’s Politics 11.00 5 Live Investigates Noon 5 Live Sport 12.15 MOTD2 Extra 12.50 5 Live Formula 1 3.00 5 Live Sport: Premier League Football 2013-14 4.00 5 Live Sport: Premier League Football 2013-14 6.06 6-0-6 7.30 On the Money 8.30 5 Live News 10.00 Stephen Nolan 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 Aled Jones Noon Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen 3.00 Charlotte Green’s Culture Club 5.00 The Classic FM Chart 7.00 David Mellor 9.00 Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Classical Music 10.00 Smooth Classics Midnight Bob Jones
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 43
Monday television&radio Monday’s Television Guide TV PICKS
MASTERCHEF: THE PROFESSIONALS 8.30pm, BBC2
RIPPER STREET 9pm, BBC1
Gregg Wallace, Michel Roux Jr and Monica Galetti return with the culinary challenge as the first batch of eight chefs enters the kitchen to compete.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
A young woman is murdered just hours after giving birth at the London Hospital, and the only clue to her identity is a tail-like protrusion at the base of her spine. The investigation takes the team into the world of circus freak shows – and then back to the hospital to seek help from its most famous resident, Joseph Merrick.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two 6.05 Homes Under the Hammer 7.05 Saints and Scroungers 7.50 Britain’s Empty Homes (R,S,HD). 8.20 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.05 Watchdog (R,S). 10.05 James Martin’s Food Map of Britain (R,S). 10.35 Click (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Rugby League World Cup (R,S,HD). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
CORONATION STREET 7.30pm, ITV
THE CHOIR: SING WHILE YOU WORK 9pm, BBC2
Todd’s boyfriend turns up at Eileen’s and demands to know where her son is hiding, Roy lashes out at Jenna for invading his privacy and Grace causes trouble for Sally.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Chepstow, Monmouthshire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD).
Gareth Malone sets out once again to get staff in some of Britain’s busiest workplaces to form singing groups. The first of the five firms he is visiting is P&O Ferries, where he finds he has an extra logistical challenge to overcome, with choir members based at sea and on both sides of the English Channel.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The Hoobs 7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.50 Everybody Loves Raymond 8.55 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA 11.00 Beat My Build 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking 12.35 River Cottage Bites (S,HD). 12.55 Film: Hombre (S,HD) (1967). See Choices Above. ●●●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal (S,HD). 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake! 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 War Hero in My Family (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist (R,S,HD). 3.15 Film: Deadliest Sea (S,HD) (2009). Drama, starring Sebastian Pigott and Ryan Blakely. ●●● 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD). Kyle gains a new admirer.
(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 13/21. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). A piece of damning evidence seems to prove Martha’s suspicions about Will.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Zac decides to investigate what Ethan is doing at Sanctuary Lodge. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). 7.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). See Choices Above.
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S). A week of talks from carers.
7.00 Construction Squad: Operation Homefront (S,HD). Building a new boathouse for the Solent Rescue lifeboat service. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
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6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 90/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). Zoe Ball chats to the latest couple to be eliminated. 7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 1/20. New series. The heirloom-hunting challenge returns with a husband-andwife battle as Fern Britton takes on chef Phil Vickery.
7.00 The One Show (S,HD). 7.30 Caught Red Handed (R,S,HD). The innovative ways criminals are being caught in the act. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
▼
Under the Dome, 10pm
8.00 EastEnders (S,HD). The fallout from the killing continues. 8.30 After Savile: No More Secrets? – Panorama (S,HD). Sanchia Berg explores the law regarding reporting child abuse.
8.00 University Challenge (S,HD). 17/37. The first of the secondround matches. 8.30 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 1/24. See Choices Above.
8.00 Tales from Northumberland with Robson Green (S,HD). 2/8. The actor explores the sparsely populated Northumberland National Park. 8.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Roy regrets telling Anna about Hayley’s plan.
8.00 Energy Bills Exposed: Channel 4 Dispatches (S). A report on rising fuel costs. 8.30 Health Freaks (S). 3/6. Possible treatments for psoriasis, migraines and Crohn’s disease.
8.00 The Gadget Show (S,HD). The directors of Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 give their verdicts on animation apps, while Jason Bradbury and Rachel Riley test Bluetooth speakers on an assault course. Followed by 5 News at 9.
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9.00 Ripper Street (S,HD). 2/8. See Choices Above.
9.00 The Choir: Sing While You Work (S,HD). 1/8. See Choices Above.
9.00 A Mother’s Son (R,S,HD). 1/2. Part one of two. A woman stumbles upon evidence that suggests someone in her family may have been involved in a murder. Drama, starring Hermione Norris and Martin Clunes.
9.00 999: What’s Your Emergency? (S,HD). 5/6. Paramedics across Britain treat patients over the age of 65, including a woman who has collapsed at home and an 84-year-old who wears an emergency button round her neck.
9.00 The Woman with 40 Cats – and Other Pet Hoarders (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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The Agenda, 10.35pm
6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Have I Got a Bit More News for You (R,S,HD). 5/11. Kirsty Young hosts the quiz, with regulars Paul Merton and Ian Hislop joined by journalist Max Keiser and comedian Tony Law to take a wry look at the week’s headline stories.
10.00 Never Mind the Buzzcocks (S,HD). 7/13. American singer Michael Bolton hosts the comedy music quiz, with Carol Vorderman, Shane Filan, Seann Walsh and Diana Vickers joining team captains Phill Jupitus and Noel Fielding. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 The Agenda (S,HD). 5/8. ITV’s political editor Tom Bradby presents a discussion on the week’s main talking points, with guests from the worlds of politics and popular culture.
10.00 Fresh Meat (S,HD). 1/8. See Choices Above. 10.50 Cardinal Burns (S,HD). 1/6. New series. A combination of sketches and narrative comedy written and performed by Seb Cardinal and Dustin DemriBurns.
10.00 Under the Dome (S,HD). 12/13. The townsfolk make house-tohouse searches as they hunt for Barbie, while Big Jim takes drastic action when he learns that the US military has branded him a murderer. Joe and Norrie are arrested after finding a new hiding place for the egg. Starring Mike Vogel.
11.20 Citizen Khan (R,S,HD). 5/6. Mr Khan tries to secure a famous cricketer to operate the Eid festival tombola. Featuring the late Felix Dexter. 11.50 The Graham Norton Show (R,S,HD). 4/20.
11.20 Africa 2013: Countdown to the Rains (R,S,HD). 1/3. The lives of animals living near the Luangwa River in Zambia.
11.05 Piers Morgan’s Life Stories: Michael Flatley (R,S,HD). 6/6. The dancer and choreographer talks about his life and career. Last in the series.
11.25 America’s Animal Hoarder: Horror at the Zoo (R,S,HD). A man who released exotic animals onto the streets of Ohio.
11.00 Judge Dredd (S,HD) (1995). See Choices Above. ●●
12.35 Weatherview (S). 12.40 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: The Culture Show: The People’s Palace (R,S). Tom Dyckhoff explores the new Library of Birmingham to find out how the cutting-edge building functions and asks what role it has to play in the digital age. 12.50 Sign Zone: The Story of the Jews (R,S). 1.50 This Is BBC Two (S). Preview of upcoming programmes. 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247 Viewers get the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with a mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 Champions League Weekly (S,HD). A look ahead to the matchday four fixtures. 3.25 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S).
12.40 Random Acts (S). Comedian Reggie Watts presents a short creative film. 12.45 Lata in Her Own Voice (S). A profile of Indian singer Lata Mangeshkar. 1.40 Film: Pakeezah (1972). Bollywood musical, with Meena Kumari. ●●●● 4.15 Nashville (S,HD). 4.55 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.50 River Cottage Bites (R,S,HD).
12.45 Campus PD (S,HD). 1.05 SuperCasino 3.05 Stalked to Death: Countdown to Murder (R,S,HD). The events that led Jonathan Vass to murder his ex-partner Jane Clough. 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
10 11
Never Mind the Buzzcocks, 10pm
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SMALL
44 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
FRESH MEAT 10pm, Channel 4
Return of the comedy about a group of students living together. As the friends begin their second year at Manchester Medlock, they take a trip to Josie’s ‘trafficlight’ party at her new home in Southampton.
THE WOMAN WITH 40 CATS – AND OTHER PET HOARDERS 9pm, Channel 5
Documentary giving an insight into the lives of people whose love of animals has become an obsession. Retired secretary Marlene has 40 cats, which are groomed and bathed every day, while Deb and her family share their home with a brood of chickens.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 Coronation Street 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 Coronation Street 2.00 Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty (R,HD). 8.00 Charmed (R). 9.00 Glee (R,HD). 10.00 New Girl (R,HD). 10.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 11.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks (R,HD). 1.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 2.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 3.00 New Girl (R,HD). 3.30 Suburgatory 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 4.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S,HD). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Monday television&radio HOMBRE 12.55pm, Channel 4
JUDGE DREDD 11pm, Channel 5
A white man raised by Apaches protects his fellow passengers when bandits attack their stagecoach in the wilderness. Western, starring Paul Newman.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 Just Good Friends 8.15 Ripping Yarns 8.55 Goodnight Sweetheart 10.15 ‘Allo ‘Allo! 11.00 Good Life 11.40 Keeping Up Appearances 12.20 Green Green Grass 1.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 One Foot in the Grave
A futuristic law enforcer fights to clear his name after he is framed for murder. Sci-fi thriller based on the 2000AD comic-strip, starring Sylvester Stallone.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 9.00 Football Special (HD). 10.30 FL72 Highlights (HD). 11.00 Spanish Football (HD). 12.00 Football Special (HD). 1.30 FL72 Highlights (HD). 2.00 Spanish Football (HD). 3.00 Football Gold (S). 3.30 Champions League Weekly (HD). 4.00 Fantasy Football Club (HD). 4.30 Game Changers 5.30 Soccer AM (HD).
2 Fast 2 Furious, 10pm
Made in Chelsea, 10pm
Live Football, 7.30pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). Lindsey from Merseyside chooses three blind dates.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Comedy, starring Johnny Galecki. 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Frankie goes back to college after losing her job. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp A comic look at soaps and celebrities.
6.30 FL72 Review A roundup of recent matches, featuring all the goals from League One and League Two.
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Camcorder calamities including a glow-in-the-dark toad.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). Dodger’s suspicions about Will grow ever darker. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S). Guest starring Richard Dean Anderson. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Homer and Marge try to save their marriage.
7.00 Keeping Up Appearances Hyacinth plans her dream kitchen.
8.00 You’ve Been Framed and Famous! (R). Comical clips, narrated by Harry Hill.
8.00 New Girl (R,HD). Winston tries to clear the air with Schmidt. Comedy, starring Zooey Deschanel. 8.30 New Girl (R,HD). Jess is spooked by strange noises outside the flat.
8.00 Arrow (HD). Oliver arranges a ‘cash-forguns’ rally to fight back against a notorious weapon-trafficker – but when Sin is injured, the Canary vows revenge for her friend.
8.05 The Two Ronnies Sketchbook Messrs Barker and Corbett reunite to provide an insight into their remarkable comedy career. Katie Melua guests.
9.00 Peter Andre: My Life (HD). Pete decides to adopt a more sophisticated look and tries out his new image at a photoshoot for his tour and hosts comedy music quiz Never Mind the Buzzcocks.
9.00 90210 (HD). The friends reunite after a traumatic event makes them appreciate the importance of their relationships. The final episode of the teenage drama series. Last in the series.
9.00 Strike Back: Shadow Warfare (S,HD). The team plans a heist of the Colombian stock exchange to discover Al-Zuhari’s whereabouts, while Dalton tracks down former MI6 agent Sebastian Gray (Martin Clunes) in Beirut.
9.05 Not Going Out Tim puts the flat on the market in the wake of Kate’s departure, forcing Lee to come up with a plan to allow him to stay put. Comedy, with Lee Mack. 9.45 Not Going Out Lee pretends to be gay.
7.30 Live Scottish Premiership Football (HD). Aberdeen v Partick Thistle (Kick-off 7.45pm). Coverage of the topflight encounter at Pittodrie, where the Jags visit the Dons for the first time since 2004. This is the second league meeting of the season between the clubs, with Aberdeen looking to build on their creditable start to the campaign, which included a 3-0 win at Firhill in September.
10.25 Outnumbered Pete has 10.00 The Footballers’ an eventful Saturday Football Show (HD). morning game of tennis, Dave Jones is joined by while Ben decides to guests including take a close interest in footballers, managers his dad’s medical tests. and club chairmen to Comedy, starring Hugh discuss all the major Dennis and Daniel stories in the week’s Roche. football news.
12.15 The Only Way Is Essex (R,HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex. 1.00 Utterly Outrageous Celebrity Frock Ups (R). Denise Van Outen’s favourite fashion slipups. 1.50 Animal Practice (R,HD). 2.15 Teleshopping. 5.45 ITV2 Nightscreen (HD).
12.05 Men Behaving Badly Gary invents a promiscuous past to hide his sexual inexperience from Dorothy. 12.45 Not Going Out. Tim puts the flat on the market. 1.20 Not Going Out Lee pretends to be gay. 1.50 Men Behaving Badly 2.20 Just Good Friends 3.00 Home Shopping
RADIO
10.00 2 Fast 2 Furious (HD) 10.00 Made in Chelsea Rosie 10.00 Karl Pilkington: The Moaning of Life (2003). A disgraced arranges a spa trip in an (R,S,HD). Karl sets off former cop is arrested effort to heal rifts around the world in an by the FBI for illegal among the girls, but attempt to understand street racing, but his with Phoebe, Fran and why people want one-time colleagues Lucy on the guest list, children, including visits offer him freedom in the possibility of much to a fertility festival in exchange for going on rest and relaxation Japan and a natural an undercover mission. seems remote. birthing centre in Bali. Teaming up with an old racing friend and a customs official, he has 11.00 Drifters (R,HD). Three 11.00 A League of Their to infiltrate and bring female graduates Own: Rally Special down a drug-trafficking struggle to settle into (R,S,HD). Full coverage operation. Thriller post-university life. of the recent challenge. sequel, with Paul Walker 11.35 Drifters (R,HD). Meg 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Police reprising his role from lands herself a hot date. officers combat vehicle The Fast and the crime. Furious. ●● 12.10 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 1.10 Suburgatory (R,HD). 1.40 Happy Endings (R,HD). 2.05 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 2.30 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.50 Bob’s Burgers (R,HD). 3.15 Bob’s Burgers (R,HD). Bob briefly becomes a local hero. 3.35 Glee (R,HD). 4.20 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Fearne Cotton 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 Radio 1’s Stories 10.00 Phil Taggart and Alice Levine Midnight Rock Show with Daniel P Carter 2.00 Rockwell 4.00 Dev Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Paul Jones 8.00 Jo Whiley. Including reviews of new albums by Arcade Fire and Lorde. 10.00 Cerys Matthews and the Women of Country 11.00 Jools Holland Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Spartacus: Vengeance (R,S,HD). The gladiator spots an opportunity for revenge. 1.15 Brit Cops: Zero Tolerance (R,S,HD). 2.10 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.05 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.15 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.15 Opera on 3: Roberto Devereux. Alessandro Talevi’s new production of Donizetti’s Roberto Devereux. 10.00 Free Thinking 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers. Sarah Dillon explores depictions of birth control in science-fiction texts and TV series. 11.00 Jazz on 3. Reeds player Paul Dunmall’s sextet in concert at Birmingham’s mac. 12.30am Through the Night
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Radio 1’s Teen Awards 2013 (R,S). 8.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 9.00 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (S). 10.00 Some Girls (S). Viva makes a friend who understands how she feels. Last in the series. 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). The fallout from the killing continues. 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). Brian learns that Quagmire hates him. 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). Brian tries to get his friends to care more about the lives of dogs. 11.45 American Dad! (S). Stan meets an old flame. 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). 12.30 Some Girls (R,S). 1.00 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (R,S). 2.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 3.00 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 8.00 Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads? (R). Bob and Terry show their competitive spirit. 8.30 Only Connect. Teams who won their first heats compete. 9.00 Timeshift: When Coal Was King. A look at the lost world of coal mining. 10.00 Explosions: How We Shook the World (R). 11.00 Two Melons and a Stinking Fish (R). 11.50 Disowned & Disabled (R). 12.50 Only Connect (R). Teams who won their first heats compete. 1.20 Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads? (R). Bob and Terry show their competitive spirit. 1.50 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 2.20 Timeshift: When Coal Was King (R).
11.05 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 11.00 FL72 Review A roundThe quirky comic takes a up of recent matches. surreal look at soap sagas and celebrities, subjecting them to his unique brand of scrutiny. 11.35 Harry Hill’s TV Burp
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 9.00 Start the Week 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 The Long Crawl to France 11.30 Dilemma Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 12.57 Weather 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Queens of the Coal Age 3.00 Round Britain Quiz 3.30 The Food Programme 4.00 The Unsent Letters of Erik Satie 4.30 The Digital Human 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock
News 6.30 The Museum of Curiosity 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort. By Beatrice Hitchman, dramatised by Miranda Davies. 8.00 Invalid Password: The Password, a History of Failure. Tim Samuels asks whether passwords will soon become obsolete. 8.30 Analysis 9.00 Shared Planet 9.30 Start the Week 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Imagine John Lennon’s Bermuda Adventure 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News and Weather 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 Scottish Premiership Football (HD). 12.30 Soccer AM: The Best Bits (HD). 1.30 The Footballers’ Football Show (HD). 2.30 FL72 Review 3.30 Scottish Premiership Football (HD). 4.00 Soccer AM: The Best Bits (HD). 5.00 The Footballers’ Football Show (HD). Radio 5 Live 5.00am Morning Reports 5.30 Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Victoria Derbyshire Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport: The Monday Night Club. Football debate with Mark Chapman. 9.00 The Ashes: The Tuffers and Vaughan Cricket Show. The latest cricket news ahead of England’s winter Ashes tour. 10.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Tennis 10.30 Phil Williams 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 45
Tuesday Thursday’stelevision&radio Television Guide TV PICKS
TRUCKERS 9pm, BBC1
DON’T PANIC – THE TRUTH ABOUT POPULATION 9pm, BBC2
Glen feels guilty after cheating on his girlfriend and decides to be more responsible. But in his attempts to get his life in order, he only makes it worse.
Statistician Hans Rosling uses state-of-the-art 3D graphics to paint a portrait of a quickly changing world, arguing that the problems of rapid population growth and extreme poverty are beginning to be conquered. Part of the This World strand.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (S,HD). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (R,S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.35 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 7.35 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.20 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.05 The Ottomans: Europe’s Muslim Emperors (R,S). 10.05 Plan It, Build It (R,S). 10.35 HARDtalk (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (R,S). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
BREATHLESS 9pm, ITV
BOUNCERS 10pm, Channel 4
Elizabeth loses control of the situation with Mulligan, Angela succumbs to her feelings for Otto, Margaret has exploratory surgery and Charlie receives a job opportunity.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S,HD). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Darwen, Lancashire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD). Quiz show, hosted by Bradley Walsh.
Following the work of door staff along Queen Street in Colchester, Essex, including a novice bouncer on a mission to change people’s perceptions of his profession, and Head doorman Curtis and colleague Jamie have 30 years of experience between them, and keep their doors safe with a lot of know-how.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The Hoobs 7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond 9.00 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA 11.00 Beat My Build 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking 12.40 Jamie’s 15 Minute Meals 1.15 Film: That Touch of Mink (S) (1962). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake!. 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Robson’s Extreme Fishing Challenge (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist 3.15 Impact (R,S). Conclusion. The scientists join astronauts on an Earthsaving mission into space. 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD). Kate helps Sheila overcome her fears.
Mock the Week – Again, 10pm
Emmerdale, 8pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 93/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). A look ahead to the weekend’s action.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 16/21. Moe joins an online dating agency. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). The hostage situation continues to escalate.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Jett and John disrupt Marilyn’s date with Winston. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Topical stories from around the UK. 7.30 EastEnders (S,HD). Bianca’s new boyfriend has a surprise for the Butchers. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 4/20. Actors Simon Williams and Duncan Preston compete.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). Priya thinks she might be pregnant, and Bernice is taken aback to see Jimmy with her bra. 7.30 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (S,HD).
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S,HD).
7.00 Police Interceptors (R,S,HD). Dougie and Mark chase a serial offender on foot. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Question Time, 10.35pm
8.00 Waterloo Road (S,HD). 10/20. Christine and Simon clash over how best to deal with a bullied pupil – just as they vie for the role of head – and the Barrys are torn apart when Kacey’s boxing fund is stolen. Last episode in the current run.
8.00 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 4/24. Six chefs battle it out in the quarter-final, demonstrating a dish of their own invention before four of them go on to prepare two courses for a panel of food critics.
8.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). David is left reeling after Priya says her potential pregnancy isn’t his problem. 8.30 Britain’s Secret Treasures (S,HD). 4/8. A look at important artefacts found by members of the public in Northern Ireland.
8.00 George Clarke’s Amazing Spaces (S,HD). 3/9. The architect meets a carpenter who wants to turn a 30-yearold double-decker bus into a luxury holiday retreat, and a couple using their life savings to design a boat hotel.
8.00 Benidorm ER (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Truckers (S,HD). 5/5. See Choices Above.
9.00 Don’t Panic – The Truth About Population (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 Breathless (S,HD). 5/6. See Choices Above.
9.00 Bedlam (S,HD). 2/4. The documentary follows staff and patients at Lambeth Hospital in south London, which has pioneered the use of short-stay emergency wards for patients in crisis.
9.00 Wife Slayer: Countdown to Murder (S,HD). 5/6. Docudrama using witness testimony, crime reports, forensic evidence and expert commentary to examine the events that led Brian Lewis to murder his partner Hayley Jones in 2007.
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11
10.00 Mock the Week – Again (R,S). 9/12. An edition of the comedy show from September 2012, with Greg Davies, Jo Caulfield and Gary Delaney joining Hugh Dennis, Andy Parsons and Chris Addison. Dara O Briain hosts. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 The Jonathan Ross Show (R,S,HD). 4/10. The host is joined by Paul Hollywood from The Great British Bake Off, actor and comedian Steve Coogan, Jonathan Rhys Meyers (The Tudors) and Pet Shop Boys, who provide the music.
10.00 Bouncers (S). 1/3. See Choices Above.
10.00 Person of Interest (S,HD). 3/22. The daughter of a Brazilian diplomat is targeted by kidnappers, while Carter suspects that Snow made a post-mortem incision into Corwin’s body and removed something.
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10
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Question Time (S,HD). 9/38. David Dimbleby chairs a debate from Boston, Lincolnshire, with panellists including Ukip leader Nigel Farage facing questions from the audience.
11.35 This Week (S). Andrew Neil introduces a round-table chat, in which he, Michael Portillo and Alan Johnson take a lighthearted romp through the political and parliamentary developments of the past seven days.
11.20 World’s Busiest Maternity Ward (R,S,HD). Anita Rani visits the Dr Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital in the Philippine capital Manila.
11.40 Wild Britain with Ray Mears (R,S,HD). 5/10. The survival expert takes a trip down the River Wye, where he observes the sea lamprey, sand martins tending their young and all three species of British wagtail.
11.05 999: What’s Your Emergency? (R,S,HD). 5/6. Paramedics across Britain treat patients over the age of 65, who account for two thirds of all ambulance calls every year.
11.00 Law & Order: Criminal Intent (S,HD). 8/8. Last-ever episode. Twin brothers are found dead in the offices of a successful internet dating website, and Goren attends his final therapy session. Last in the series.
12.20 Holiday Weatherview (S). 12.25 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: After Savile: No More Secrets? – Panorama (R,S).In other countries, evidence of child abuse must be reported to the authorities. But that is not the case in Britain, where turning a blind eye to such behaviour in a school, hospital or church is not a crime. 12.50 This Is BBC Two (S). Preview of upcoming programmes from BBC Two. 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247. Viewers are offered the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (R,S,HD). 3.25 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S).
12.10 One Born Every Minute 1.05 Random Acts 1.10 Embarrassing Bodies: The Man with Half a Face 2.05 Energy Bills Exposed: Channel 4 Dispatches 2.30 Unreported World 3.00 Jungle Special: Inside Nature’s Giants 3.55 SuperScrimpers’ Challenge (R,S,HD). 4.50 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.40 Countdown
12.00 SuperCasino. Viewers get the chance to take part in live interactive gaming, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.05 Bomb Patrol (S,HD). 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
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SMALL
46 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
BENIDORM ER 8pm, Channel 5
TROLLIED 9pm, Sky1
A Lancashire pensioner is admitted after falling off a toilet and landing on a metal pipe, and a father brings in his four-year-old daughter with a suspected dislocated elbow.
The latest series of the sitcom draws to a close with a double bill. Julie is worried about the drop in customers since the makeover as she and Richard prepare for the supermarket awards. Meanwhile, recent events have knocked the stuffing out of Gavin, who is a shadow of his former self.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 Coronation Street 6.55 You’ve Been Framed! 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 Coronation Street 1.30 You’ve Been Framed! 2.00 The Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 The Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty 8.00 Charmed 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl 10.30 Suburgatory 11.00 Rules of Engagement 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks 1.00 How I Met Your Mother 2.00 The Big Bang Theory 3.00 New Girl 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Tuesday television&radio THAT TOUCH OF MINK 1.15pm, Channel 4
QUANTUM OF SOLACE 10.50pm, ITV2
A sophisticated millionaire businessman goes in passionate pursuit of a strait-laced secretary. Comedy, starring Cary Grant.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 Green Green Grass 9.40 As Time Goes By 10.20 Last of the Summer Wine 11.40 Porridge. 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles. 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 3.20 The Vicar of Dibley 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 One Foot in the Grave
Spy thriller sequel, starring Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Judi Dench, Gemma Arterton and Mathieu Amalric.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). India v West Indies. 11.30 Football Gold (S). 11.45 Football Gold (S). 12.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 1.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 2.00 Sporting Heroes (HD). Interview with a leading sportsman. 3.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 4.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 5.00 FIFA Futbol Mundial. 5.30 Premier League World (HD).
Celebrity Juice, 10pm
Yes, Prime Minister, 8.20pm
The Rugby Club, 8pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). A man from London takes part in the dating show. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Rusty moves some stolen furniture into the Hecks’ garage. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities. 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
6.00 Ringside (HD).
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill narrates another selection of camcorder calamities.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). The villagers deal with the tragic repercussions of the hostage situation. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). Bart discovers a passion for American history. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Bart buys a rare comic.
7.00 Porridge. Fletch sorts out Godber’s love life. 7.40 Blackadder Goes Forth. Captain Blackadder organises a stage show.
7.00 FL72 Preview. A look ahead to the latest round of fixtures in the Championship, League One and League Two.
8.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill comedy capers include a group of workmen messing about.
8.00 Suburgatory (HD). Tessa worries she has lost her cool persona. 8.30 The Big Bang Theory (HD). Leonard and Sheldon go through an adjustment period. Johnny Galecki stars.
8.00 Modern Family (R,S,HD). Phil takes the family on a road trip in his new motor home. Comedy, starring Ty Burrell and Ed O’Neill. 8.30 Modern Family (R,S,HD).
8.20 Yes, Prime Minister. Sir Humphrey’s pro-Euro scheme seems to have failed, but some embarrassing expenses claims may provide a means to salvage his plan.
8.00 The Rugby Club (HD). Alex Payne rounds up the latest domestic rugby union action, hearing from the players in the news and finding out how the game is developing at grass-roots level.
9.00 Trollied (S,HD). See Choices Above. 9.30 Trollied (S,HD). Richard gets some of the staff to pose as shoppers. Last in the series.
9.00 Only Fools and Horses. Rodney aspires to be a pop star, but Del-Boy manages to ruin his chances. Guest starring DJ Mike Read. 9.40 Gavin & Stacey. Smithy worries about seeing Nessa again.
9.00 Ringside (HD). Boxing magazine, including highlights of recent bouts and interviews with the stars currently causing a stir in the ring.
9.00 Tricked (HD). Magician 9.00 2 Broke Girls (HD). New Ben Hanlin messes with series. A rumour about former footballer Robbie an incident involving a Savage’s £150,000 rock star boosts business supercar, giving him an for Max and Caroline’s expensive surprise. Plus, pop-up shop. Essex girl Amy Childs has 9.30 Drifters (HD). Meg is a shock at a teddy bear offered an internship at shop. a local radio station.
10.20 You, Me & Them. Ed makes meticulous plans for living in domestic bliss with Lauren – but Alan keeps getting in the way.
12.55 The Only Way Is Essex (R,HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex, with each episode filmed just a few days before transmission. 1.40 Tricked (R,HD). 2.30 Teleshopping. Buying goods from the comfort of home.
12.00 Men Behaving Badly. Gary and Dorothy take a weekend break at a country hotel to spice up their love life. 12.40 Men Behaving Badly. Tony tries to make Deborah jealous. 1.15 Rev 1.45 Men Behaving Badly 2.15 Just Good Friends 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping
RADIO
10.00 A League of Their 10.00 Celebrity Juice (HD). 10.00 Educating Essex (R). Own (R,S,HD). Radio 1 Holly Willoughby and a Headmaster Mr DJ Sara Cox and One guest team captain are Goddard faces one of Direction’s Harry Styles, joined by girl band Little the toughest decisions Louis Tomlinson and Mix and Geordie of his career when he Niall Horan join the comedian Chris Ramsey. has to deal with a pupil sports-based comedy Hosted by Keith Lemon. whose home life is quiz, hosted by James having a negative 10.50 Quantum of Solace Corden. impact on his academic (HD) (2008). James Bond results. sets out on a personal mission of vengeance and uncovers a plan to 11.05 How I Met Your 11.00 Gravity Movie Special cause a coup in a Latin Mother (R,HD). (S,HD). Behind the American country. Spy scenes of Alfonso 11.35 The Big Bang Theory thriller sequel, starring Cuarón’s sci-fi thriller. (R,HD). Amy is caught in Daniel Craig, Olga a conflict between 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Video Kurylenko and Mathieu Sheldon and Penny. footage of dangers on Amalric. See Choices the road. Above. ●●● 12.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Leonard accompanies Amy to her colleague’s wedding. 12.30 Happy Endings (R,HD). 1.00 Misfits (R,HD). 2.00 Educating Essex (R). 2.55 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.15 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.40 Glee (R,HD). 4.20 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Gemma Cairney 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 In New DJs We Trust 10.00 Phil Taggart Midnight The Residency: Mosca 2.00 Toddla T 4.00 Dev Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Bob Harris Country 8.00 Jo Whiley 10.00 Country to Country Festival 11.00 Nigel Ogden: The Organist Entertains 11.30 Listen to the Band Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Cop Squad (R,S,HD). The work of police officers in Cambridgeshire. 1.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. Andrew Manze and the BBCSSO continue their Vaughan Williams cycle with his Sinfonia Antartica, and perform Mozart’s Piano Concerto No 20 with Shai Wosner, as well as Tippett. 10.00 Free Thinking. A debate on whether Britain has lost touch with nature. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 Late Junction 12.30am Through the Night
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 In Our Time 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 From Our Own Correspondent 11.30 Behind the Looking Glass Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Titanium 3.00 Open Country 3.27 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 3.27 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 3.30 (LW) Bookclub 3.30 (FM) Bookclub 4.00 The Film
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). 7.10 Doctor Who (R,S). 8.00 Motorway Cops (R,S). Traffic police enforce the law on Britain’s most dangerous highways. 9.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (S). A couple from Swansea sample life away from a doting mother. Last in the series. 10.00 Live at the Apollo (R,S). Micky Flanagan introduces Jason Byrne and Seann Walsh. 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 American Dad! (S). 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). Stan becomes his boss’s adviser. 12.30 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.00 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 1.30 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 2.30 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 3.30 Some Girls (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 The Sky at Night (R). The team watches a lunar eclipse. 8.00 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R). Richard Fortey explores the KT boundary, a line across Earth that geologists believe was created when an asteroid struck the planet 65 million years ago. 9.00 Defiance (2008). Second World War drama, starring Daniel Craig and Jamie Bell. ●●● 11.05 Timeshift: When Coal Was King (R). A look at the lost world of coal mining. 12.05 Lost Horizons: The Big Bang (R). 1.05 The Sky at Night (R). 1.35 The Final Frontier? A Horizon Guide to the Universe (R). 2.35 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R).
10.00 FL72 Preview
11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.00 Ringside (HD). The quirky comic takes a surreal look at soap sagas and celebrities, subjecting them to his unique brand of scrutiny. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp
Programme 4.30 Inside Science 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 Clare in the Community 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort 8.00 Law in Action. Developments in the legal world. Presented by Joshua Rozenberg. Last in the series. 8.30 The Bottom Line 9.00 Inside Science 9.30 In Our Time 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Seekers 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 NFL – A Football Life (HD). 1.00 Live NFL (HD). Minnesota Vikings v Washington Redskins (Kick-off 1.25am). 4.30 FL72 Preview 5.30 Premier League World (HD). A round-up of the latest news surrounding the Premier League, featuring interviews with managers and players. Radio 5 Live 5.30am Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport 8.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby. Matt Dawson presents the latest rugby union news and interviews, looking ahead to the latest round of matches in the autumn internationals. 9.30 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby League 10.00 Question Time Extra Time 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 47
Wednesday television&radio Wednesday’s Television Guide TV PICKS
AMBASSADORS 9pm, BBC2
The Tazbeks rise up against their government and Davis sets out to meet the rebel leader, while an interrogator tries to find out if any staff members are spies.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (R,S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
TOO FAT TO FLY 9pm, Channel 5
The stories of obese Britons who have suffered embarrassing incidents on holiday, including a couple who were told they were too heavy to sit next to each other on a flight to Guernsey and a woman changed her lifestyle and went from a size 22 to an 8 after being ridiculed by a masseuse in Turkey.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.30 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S,HD). 7.30 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.15 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.00 The Wonder of Dogs (R,S). 10.00 Plan It, Build It (R,S). 10.30 See Hear (S). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (R,S). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). Coverage of the afternoon session of day three from the O2 in London. 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
AGATHA CHRISTIE’S POIROT 8pm, ITV
FILM 2013 11.05pm, BBC1
Movie fans can rejoice as the ever-engaging Film 2013 returns for a new series. This week’s big release is Gravity, the visually stunning sci-fi epic which sees Sandra Bullock’s grieving astronaut and George Clooney’s veteran spacewalker stranded after their shuttle is wrecked by debris.
The sleuth falls victim to depression after failing to prevent the murder of a society girl, but the search for a missing maid offers him the opportunity for redemption.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Reading, Berkshire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD). Quiz show, hosted by Bradley Walsh.
Channel Channel 4
7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond (R,S). 8.55 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA (R,S,HD). 11.00 Beat My Build (S,HD). 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary (S). 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking (S,HD). 12.35 Jamie’s 15 Minute Meals (R,S,HD). 1.10 River Cottage Bites (R,S,HD). 1.20 Film: Carry On Doctor (S) (1967). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal (S,HD). 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake!. 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Cowboy Builders (R,S). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 NCIS (R,S). An Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent is murdered. 3.15 Impact (R,S). First of a two-part disaster drama, starring David James Elliott. 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD).
Newsnight, 10.30pm
Robson’s Extreme Fishing ... 7pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 92/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). Ian Waite analyses the couples’ training.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 15/21. Homer and Marge get married for a second time. With the voice of Dan Castellaneta. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD).
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Kyle breaks up with Tamara when she admits to having feelings for Casey. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Hosted by Matt Baker and Alex Jones. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 3/20. Dinnerladies co-stars Anne Reid and Thelma Barlow take part in the challenge.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). Jai panics when he realises Sam knows the truth about Archie. 7.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Sean pleads Todd’s case with Eileen.
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S).
7.00 Robson’s Extreme Fishing Challenge (R,S,HD). The actor travels to Peru. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Watchdog, 8pm
8.00 Watchdog (S,HD). 8/8. Anne Robinson investigates the rise in pet insurance premiums and asks why some people are being told they are too old to take out a mortgage. Last in the series.
8.00 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 3/24. The four chefs from Monday’s heat who have yet to face their skills test are challenged to prepare and cook abalone, before recreating Michel Roux Jr’s Bordeaux duck breast dish.
8.00 Ben Fogle’s Animal Clinic (S,HD). Rob Pettitt operates on a young sheepdog with septic arthritis in its elbow joints and Helen Williams is called out by a farmer whose sheep have developed weight problems. Followed by 5 News at 9.
9.00 Britain on the Fiddle (S,HD). 1/3. New series. Richard Bilton exposes some of Britain’s benefits cheats, following investigators as they chase a woman who won £95,000 on a game show but carried on claiming.
9.00 Ambassadors (S,HD). 3/3. See Choices Above.
8.00 Agatha Christie’s Poirot (S,HD). 4/5. The sleuth falls victim to depression after failing to prevent the murder of a society girl by art thief Marrascaud. His confidence shattered, Poirot eventually returns to work when a lonely chauffeur begs him to find his missing soulmate, the maid of a famous Russian dancer. The investigation takes him to the Swiss Alps, where, against all odds, he stumbles upon a hotel thought to be Marrascaud’s hideout – leading to a very personal showdown. See Choices Above.
8.00 River Cottage to the Core (S,HD). 4/4. See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Grand Designs (S,HD). 10/11. Ten years ago Gil and Hillary Briffa decided to retire to southern Spain, where they planned to build a contemporary home in the Andalusian hills against the backdrop of more traditional properties.
9.00 Too Fat to Fly (S). See Choices Above.
10.00 Step Brothers (S,HD) (2008). Brennan and Dale are two 40-year-old men who have never flown the nest. All that changes when Brennan’s mother marries Dale’s father, and the spoiled sons are forced to share a room. They take an instant dislike to each other, but when their long-suffering parents finally insist they find jobs, they learn to work together. Comedy, with Will Ferrell, John C Reilly and Richard Jenkins. See Choices Above. ●●●
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10.00 The Culture Show: Wars of the Heart (S,HD). 20/32. James Runcie reveals how the experiences of the London Blitz influenced and inspired the work of writers Graham Greene, Henry Green, Elizabeth Bowen and Hilda Doolittle. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Newsflash – Stories That Stopped the World (S,HD). Behind the scenes of momentous news events.
10.00 Gogglebox (S). 7/13. Weekly TV review programme. 10.45 The Cruel Cut (S,HD). Documentary exploring the complex world of female genital mutilation, as a group of survivors campaigns against the practice, which was made illegal in the UK in 1985.
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10
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S). Followed by National Lottery Update. 10.35 A Question of Sport (S,HD). 3/36. With Olympic cycling champion Chris Hoy, former boxer Joe Calzaghe, St Helens rugby league player Jon Wilkin and heptathlete Katarina Johnson-Thompson. 11.05 Film 2013 (S,HD). 1/7. See Choices Above. 11.35 Keeping Up with the Steins (S) (2006). Comedy drama, starring Daryl Sabara, Jami Gertz and Jeremy Piven. ●●
11.20 Iceland Foods: Life in the Freezer Cabinet (R,S). 3/3. Malcolm Walker relaunches the business. Last in the series.
11.35 James Nesbitt’s Ireland (R,S,HD). 7/8. The actor visits a brandy distillery in Co Cork, samples a range of fruits grown by a family from Tipperary, and meets an estate agent who specialises in the sale of castles.
11.45 Random Acts (S,HD). An uplifting short film by musical collective Ernest Endeavours. 11.50 Up All Night: Britain on Call (R,S,HD). 3/3. On the road with night workers in Manchester.
1.00 Weatherview (S). 1.05 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: See Hear (R,S). In an edition marking Remembrance Day, the programme visits the factory where the idea for the first poppy appeal began, and meets the deaf fire wardens whose bravery in the Manchester Blitz helped save lives during the worst bombing raid the city had ever seen. 12.50 This Is BBC Two (S). 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247 3.00 Film: Columbo: Strange Bedfellows (S,HD) (1995). The sleuth receives help from a gangland enforcer while investigating the deaths of a horse trainer’s brother and a Mob bookie. Crime drama, starring Peter Falk, Rod Steiger and George Wendt. ●● 4.35 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S,HD).
12.50 Drifters (S,HD). 1.15 Drifters (S,HD). 1.40 Film: A Dirty Shame (S) (2004). Comedy, starring Tracey Ullman, Johnny Knoxville, Selma Blair and Chris Isaak.●●● 3.10 Shapes (R,S). 3.15 SuperScrimpers’ Challenge (R,S,HD). 4.10 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.05 Countdown (R,S,HD). 5.50 River Cottage Bites (R,S,HD).
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after
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12.05 The Big Game (S,HD). Highlights of a recent tournament from around the world, as a table of card-sharps aimed to scoop the big-money first prize. 1.00 SuperCasino 3.05 Benidorm ER (R,S,HD). 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
The complete outfitters for every occasion, including formal hire THE
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48 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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RIVER COTTAGE TO THE CORE 8pm, Channel 4
GOING WILD WITH THE JONESES 8pm, Sky1
TV presenter Steve Jones embarks on a week-long adventure in the Kalahari Desert with his willing brothers and their reluctant dad. The quartet stay with hunter-gatherer tribe the San Bushmen, who teach them the necessary skills to survive, such as capturing and killing wild animals.
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall rustles up plum compote, Waldorf salad and banana flapjacks, while Gill Meller and Pam Corbin make the most of rosehips.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here Now 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 The Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 The Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here Now 2.00 Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty 8.00 Charmed 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl 10.30 Suburgatory 11.00 Rules of Engagement 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks 1.00 How I Met Your Mother 2.00 The Big Bang Theory 3.00 New Girl 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 9.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Wednesday television&radio CARRY ON DOCTOR 1.20pm, Channel 4
STEP BROTHERS 10pm, Channel 5
A popular doctor is sacked after a misunderstanding ruins his reputation, so the patients campaign to get him reinstated. Comedy, with Sid James.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 The Green Green Grass 9.40 As Time Goes By 10.20 Last of the Summer Wine 11.40 The Green Green Grass 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 1.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 3.20 Last of the Summer Wine 4.40 Only Fools and Horses
Comedy, with Will Ferrell, John C Reilly, Mary Steenburgen, Richard Jenkins, Adam Scott, Kathryn Hahn, Andrea Savage and Lurie Poston.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). 11.30 Revista De La Liga (HD). 12.30 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 1.30 SPFL Round-Up (HD). 2.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 3.00 UEFA Champions League Highlights (HD). 3.15 UEFA Champions League Highlights (HD). 5.00 Football Gold (S). 5.15 Football Gold (S). 5.30 FIFA Futbol Mundial.
You’ve Been Framed!, 7pm
The Day the Earth … 8pm
Strike Back, 10pm
Live UEFA … 6pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). Mark from Middlesex chooses three blind dates. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Penny regrets her night with Raj.
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Frankie antagonises her teacher at dental school. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities.
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Including a scooterriding granny and a troublesome toy. 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R).
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). Lily and Marshall struggle to agree on baby names.
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S). Homer goes to prison. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Lisa has to share a room with Bart but finds it difficult to cope with the stress.
7.00 Porridge. The inmates hunt for a thief. 7.40 The Vicar of Dibley. Featuring a guest appearance by Kylie Minogue.
8.00 Rumor Has It (HD) (2005). An obituary writer discovers that her mother and grandmother’s affairs with the same young man decades before could have been the inspiration for the book and film The Graduate. Intrigued by the possibility, she sets off for San Francisco to find the charmer who left her relatives reeling. Rob Reiner’s romantic comedy, starring Jennifer Aniston. ●●
8.00 The Day the Earth Stood Still (HD) (2008). An alien arrives on Earth, accompanied by an awesomely powerful robot, on a fateful mission – to decide if the human race deserves to continue – and if not, to wipe it out. The visitor is imprisoned in a military facility, but a scientist helps him escape, hoping to prove that mankind is worth saving. Sci-fi, starring Keanu Reeves. ●●
8.00 Going Wild with the Joneses. See Choices Above.
8.20 Miranda. Prompted by pressure from her mother, Miranda tries to improve her career prospects, but her decision to become a waitress ends in disaster.
9.00 Karl Pilkington: The Moaning of Life (R,S,HD). Karl sets off around the world in an attempt to understand why people want children, including visits to a fertility festival in Japan and a natural birthing centre in Bali.
9.00 You, Me & Them. Ed makes meticulous plans for living in domestic bliss with Lauren – but Alan keeps getting in the way. 9.40 Mrs Brown’s Boys. Dermot announces his choice of best man for the wedding.
6.00 Live UEFA Champions League (HD). Borussia Dortmund v Arsenal (Kick-off 7.45pm). Coverage of the matchday four Group F encounter at Signal Iduna Park. Dortmund won all six of their home matches on their way to finishing as runners-up in last season’s tournament and claimed a hard-fought 2-1 victory over the Gunners in the reverse fixture 15 days ago, but Arsene Wenger’s men will be determined to avoid defeat on this occasion as they are level on six points with both their opponents and Napoli.
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Total Wipeout (R,S). 8.00 Don’t Tell the Bride (R,S). Motorbike enthusiast Luke organises his wedding. Last in the series. 9.00 Unsafe Sex in the City (S). Likely-lad Tony overcomes his fear of visiting the sexual health clinic. Last in the series. 10.00 Staying In with Greg and Russell (S). With Tinie Tempah, Joe Lycett and Dianna Agron. 10.30 Russell Howard’s Good News (R,S). 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 American Dad! (S). 12.10 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 1.10 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.40 Cherry Healey: Old Before My Time (R,S). 2.35 Going Native (R,S). 3.00 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 8.00 Britain by Bike (R). 8.30 What Do Artists Do All Day? A profile of ceramic artist Edmund de Waal, the author of best-selling family memoir The Hare with Amber Eyes. 9.00 Speeches That Shook the World. Examining some of the famous orations of the modern age. 10.00 Martin Luther King and the March on Washington (R). 11.00 Frozen Planet (R). 12.00 Stories from the Dark Earth: Meet the Ancestors Revisited (R). 1.00 Great British Railway Journeys (R). 1.30 What Do Artists Do All Day? (R). 2.00 Britain by Bike (R). 2.30 Speeches That Shook the World (R).
10.20 Blackadder Goes 10.00 Strike Back (R,S,HD). 10.00 UEFA Champions 10.00 The Only Way Is Essex 10.00 Misfits (HD). Abby is Forth. A stage show The team plans a heist of League Goals (HD). All (HD). Reality convinced she has finally offers Captain the Colombian stock the strikes from the programme following a met her soulmate in Blackadder a route out exchange to discover second night of group of people in Laura, and Finn is put in of the trenches, but he Al-Zuhari’s whereabouts, matchday four fixtures in Essex. an awkward position lands in hot water when while Dalton tracks Europe’s most when it becomes clear 10.50 Paranormal Activity Gen Melchett falls for down former MI6 agent prestigious club that Greg, the (HD) (2007). A couple the leading lady. First Sebastian Gray (Martin competition, including probation worker, has a move into a new house, World War comedy, with Clunes) in Beirut. Borussia Dortmund v crush on him. only to be disturbed by Rowan Atkinson. Arsenal. unexplained supernatural phenomena. They 11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.05 Made in Chelsea (R). 11.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 11.00 Sporting Heroes (HD). become convinced the The quirky comic takes a Rosie arranges a spa trip The team from the Interview with a leading property is haunted and surreal look at soap in an attempt to heal Proactive Elite Unit sportsman. set out to capture sagas and celebrities, rifts among the girls. investigates Russian evidence of their subjecting them to his scam artists, a dangerous ghostly encounters on unique brand of scrutiny. road user and a man film. Horror, with Katie riding a mini-motorbike. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp Featherston. ●●●●
RADIO
12.40 Lemon La Vida Loca (R,HD). Keith goes on his dream date. 1.20 The Vampire Diaries (R,HD). Elena reveals shocking news to Caroline and Bonnie. 2.05 Nicki Minaj: The Hot Desk (R,HD). An interview with the R’n’B star. 2.20 Teleshopping 5.50 ITV2 Nightscreen (HD).
12.10 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 12.40 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 1.10 Suburgatory (R,HD). 1.40 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.10 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 2.30 Bob’s Burgers (R,HD). 2.55 Being Erica (R,HD). 3.35 Glee (R,HD). 4.25 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Fearne Cotton 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 3.30 The Official Chart Update 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 My Playlist 10.00 Phil Taggart and Alice Levine Midnight Huw Stephens 2.00 Benji B Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Patrick Kielty 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 The Folk Show with Mark Radcliffe 8.00 Jo Whiley. With a live acoustic session by San Fermin. 10.00 The People’s Songs 11.00 Trevor Nelson’s Soul Show Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Cop Squad (R,S,HD). The work of police officers in Cambridgeshire. 1.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,HD). 3.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). Tackling Russian scam artists. 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 3.30 Choral Evensong 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. The CBSO, conducted by Andris Nelsons, performs Sibelius’s Violin Concerto with Valeriy Sokolov, Wagner’s Prelude to Act 1 of Lohengrin, and Brahms’ Fourth Symphony. 10.00 Free Thinking. Samira Ahmed interviews film-maker John Waters. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 Late Junction 12.30am Through the Night
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 Midweek 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 The Brown Camp 11.30 Hard to Tell Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 12.57 News and Weather 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: My Life Is a Series of People Saying Goodbye 3.00 Money Box Live 3.30 Inside Health 4.00 Thinking Allowed 4.30 The Media Show 5.00 PM 5.54
12.00 Yes, Prime Minister. After exposing Sir Humphrey’s scheme to get Britain into the euro, Jim holds a dinner to welcome the Kumranistan foreign secretary. 12.40 Rev 1.15 Rev 1.45 Men Behaving Badly 2.15 Just Good Friends 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping (LW) Shipping 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 Tom Wrigglesworth’s Hang-Ups 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort 8.00 The Moral Maze 8.45 Four Thought 9.00 Costing the Earth. A man who is determined to rid the world of plastic and polystyrene. 9.30 Midweek. Presented by Libby Purves. 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Before They Were Famous 11.15 Irish Micks and Legends 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). All the strikes from the second night of matchday four fixtures. 1.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 2.00 FIFA Futbol Mundial 2.30 Football Gold (S). 2.45 Football Gold (S). 3.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 4.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). Radio 5 Live 5.00am Morning Reports 5.30 Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport 7.45 5 Live Sport: Champions League Football 2013-14. Commentary on one of tonight’s matches, as the group stage continues with Chelsea v Schalke 04, Borussia Dortmund v Arsenal and Ajax v Celtic. 10.30 Phil Williams 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 49
Thursday television&radio Thursday’s Television Guide TV PICKS
TRUCKERS 9pm, BBC1
DON’T PANIC – THE TRUTH ABOUT POPULATION 9pm, BBC2
Glen feels guilty after cheating on his girlfriend and decides to be more responsible. But in his attempts to get his life in order, he only makes it worse.
Statistician Hans Rosling uses state-of-the-art 3D graphics to paint a portrait of a quickly changing world, arguing that the problems of rapid population growth and extreme poverty are beginning to be conquered. Part of the This World strand.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (S,HD). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (R,S,HD). 1.00 BBC News; Weather (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.35 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 7.35 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.20 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.05 The Ottomans: Europe’s Muslim Emperors (R,S). 10.05 Plan It, Build It (R,S). 10.35 HARDtalk (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (R,S). 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
BREATHLESS 9pm, ITV
BOUNCERS 10pm, Channel 4
Elizabeth loses control of the situation with Mulligan, Angela succumbs to her feelings for Otto, Margaret has exploratory surgery and Charlie receives a job opportunity.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S,HD). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Darwen, Lancashire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD). Quiz show, hosted by Bradley Walsh.
Following the work of door staff along Queen Street in Colchester, Essex, including a novice bouncer on a mission to change people’s perceptions of his profession, and Head doorman Curtis and colleague Jamie have 30 years of experience between them, and keep their doors safe with a lot of know-how.
Channel Channel 4
6.10 The Hoobs 7.00 According to Jim 7.25 Will & Grace 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond 9.00 Frasier 10.00 Undercover Boss USA 11.00 Beat My Build 12.00 Channel 4 News Summary 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking 12.40 Jamie’s 15 Minute Meals 1.15 Film: That Touch of Mink (S) (1962). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake!. 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Robson’s Extreme Fishing Challenge (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist 3.15 Impact (R,S). Conclusion. The scientists join astronauts on an Earthsaving mission into space. 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD). Kate helps Sheila overcome her fears.
Mock the Week – Again, 10pm
Emmerdale, 8pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 93/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). A look ahead to the weekend’s action.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 16/21. Moe joins an online dating agency. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). The hostage situation continues to escalate.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Jett and John disrupt Marilyn’s date with Winston. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Topical stories from around the UK. 7.30 EastEnders (S,HD). Bianca’s new boyfriend has a surprise for the Butchers. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 4/20. Actors Simon Williams and Duncan Preston compete.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). Priya thinks she might be pregnant, and Bernice is taken aback to see Jimmy with her bra. 7.30 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (S,HD).
7.00 News (S). 7.55 4thought.tv (S,HD).
7.00 Police Interceptors (R,S,HD). Dougie and Mark chase a serial offender on foot. Followed by 5 News Update.
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6 7 8 9
Question Time, 10.35pm
8.00 Waterloo Road (S,HD). 10/20. Christine and Simon clash over how best to deal with a bullied pupil – just as they vie for the role of head – and the Barrys are torn apart when Kacey’s boxing fund is stolen. Last episode in the current run.
8.00 MasterChef: The Professionals (S,HD). 4/24. Six chefs battle it out in the quarter-final, demonstrating a dish of their own invention before four of them go on to prepare two courses for a panel of food critics.
8.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). David is left reeling after Priya says her potential pregnancy isn’t his problem. 8.30 Britain’s Secret Treasures (S,HD). 4/8. A look at important artefacts found by members of the public in Northern Ireland.
8.00 George Clarke’s Amazing Spaces (S,HD). 3/9. The architect meets a carpenter who wants to turn a 30-yearold double-decker bus into a luxury holiday retreat, and a couple using their life savings to design a boat hotel.
8.00 Benidorm ER (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Truckers (S,HD). 5/5. See Choices Above.
9.00 Don’t Panic – The Truth About Population (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 Breathless (S,HD). 5/6. See Choices Above.
9.00 Bedlam (S,HD). 2/4. The documentary follows staff and patients at Lambeth Hospital in south London, which has pioneered the use of short-stay emergency wards for patients in crisis.
9.00 Wife Slayer: Countdown to Murder (S,HD). 5/6. Docudrama using witness testimony, crime reports, forensic evidence and expert commentary to examine the events that led Brian Lewis to murder his partner Hayley Jones in 2007.
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11
10.00 Mock the Week – Again (R,S). 9/12. An edition of the comedy show from September 2012, with Greg Davies, Jo Caulfield and Gary Delaney joining Hugh Dennis, Andy Parsons and Chris Addison. Dara O Briain hosts. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD). Followed by Weather.
10.00 ITV News at Ten (S). 10.30 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 The Jonathan Ross Show (R,S,HD). 4/10. The host is joined by Paul Hollywood from The Great British Bake Off, actor and comedian Steve Coogan, Jonathan Rhys Meyers (The Tudors) and Pet Shop Boys, who provide the music.
10.00 Bouncers (S). 1/3. See Choices Above.
10.00 Person of Interest (S,HD). 3/22. The daughter of a Brazilian diplomat is targeted by kidnappers, while Carter suspects that Snow made a post-mortem incision into Corwin’s body and removed something.
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10
10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S); Weather. 10.35 Question Time (S,HD). 9/38. David Dimbleby chairs a debate from Boston, Lincolnshire, with panellists including Ukip leader Nigel Farage facing questions from the audience.
11.35 This Week (S). Andrew Neil introduces a round-table chat, in which he, Michael Portillo and Alan Johnson take a lighthearted romp through the political and parliamentary developments of the past seven days.
11.20 World’s Busiest Maternity Ward (R,S,HD). Anita Rani visits the Dr Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital in the Philippine capital Manila.
11.40 Wild Britain with Ray Mears (R,S,HD). 5/10. The survival expert takes a trip down the River Wye, where he observes the sea lamprey, sand martins tending their young and all three species of British wagtail.
11.05 999: What’s Your Emergency? (R,S,HD). 5/6. Paramedics across Britain treat patients over the age of 65, who account for two thirds of all ambulance calls every year.
11.00 Law & Order: Criminal Intent (S,HD). 8/8. Last-ever episode. Twin brothers are found dead in the offices of a successful internet dating website, and Goren attends his final therapy session. Last in the series.
12.20 Holiday Weatherview (S). 12.25 BBC News (S,HD).
12.20 Sign Zone: After Savile: No More Secrets? – Panorama (R,S).In other countries, evidence of child abuse must be reported to the authorities. But that is not the case in Britain, where turning a blind eye to such behaviour in a school, hospital or church is not a crime. 12.50 This Is BBC Two (S). Preview of upcoming programmes from BBC Two. 4.00 BBC Learning Zone
12.05 Jackpot247. Viewers are offered the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 How to Cut Your Energy Bills: Tonight (R,S,HD). 3.25 ITV Nightscreen (HD). 5.05 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R,S).
12.10 One Born Every Minute 1.05 Random Acts 1.10 Embarrassing Bodies: The Man with Half a Face 2.05 Energy Bills Exposed: Channel 4 Dispatches 2.30 Unreported World 3.00 Jungle Special: Inside Nature’s Giants 3.55 SuperScrimpers’ Challenge (R,S,HD). 4.50 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.40 Countdown
12.00 SuperCasino. Viewers get the chance to take part in live interactive gaming, with an entertaining mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.05 Bomb Patrol (S,HD). 3.55 HouseBusters (R,S). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
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SMALL
50 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
BENIDORM ER 8pm, Channel 5
TROLLIED 9pm, Sky1
A Lancashire pensioner is admitted after falling off a toilet and landing on a metal pipe, and a father brings in his four-year-old daughter with a suspected dislocated elbow.
The latest series of the sitcom draws to a close with a double bill. Julie is worried about the drop in customers since the makeover as she and Richard prepare for the supermarket awards. Meanwhile, recent events have knocked the stuffing out of Gavin, who is a shadow of his former self.
ITV2 ITV2
E4 E4
6.00 Emmerdale 6.25 Coronation Street 6.55 You’ve Been Framed! 7.25 Up All Night 7.50 Ben and Kate 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! 8.40 Dinner Date 9.40 Real Housewives of New York City 10.35 Real Housewives of Orange County 11.30 Big Rich Texas 12.30 Emmerdale 1.00 Coronation Street 1.30 You’ve Been Framed! 2.00 The Jeremy Kyle Show 4.10 The Real Housewives of Orange County 5.05 Big Rich Texas
6.00 Switched 6.25 90210 7.10 Ugly Betty 8.00 Charmed 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl 10.30 Suburgatory 11.00 Rules of Engagement 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks 1.00 How I Met Your Mother 2.00 The Big Bang Theory 3.00 New Girl 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 Futurama (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Thursday television&radio THAT TOUCH OF MINK 1.15pm, Channel 4
QUANTUM OF SOLACE 10.50pm, ITV2
A sophisticated millionaire businessman goes in passionate pursuit of a strait-laced secretary. Comedy, starring Cary Grant.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 Green Green Grass 9.40 As Time Goes By 10.20 Last of the Summer Wine 11.40 Porridge. 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles. 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 3.20 The Vicar of Dibley 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 One Foot in the Grave
Spy thriller sequel, starring Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Judi Dench, Gemma Arterton and Mathieu Amalric.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Live Test Cricket (HD). India v West Indies. 11.30 Football Gold (S). 11.45 Football Gold (S). 12.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 1.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 2.00 Sporting Heroes (HD). Interview with a leading sportsman. 3.00 What’s the Story? (HD). 4.00 UEFA Champions League Goals (HD). 5.00 FIFA Futbol Mundial. 5.30 Premier League World (HD).
Celebrity Juice, 10pm
Yes, Prime Minister, 8.20pm
The Rugby Club, 8pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). A man from London takes part in the dating show. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Rusty moves some stolen furniture into the Hecks’ garage. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S).
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities. 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
6.00 Ringside (HD).
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill narrates another selection of camcorder calamities.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). The villagers deal with the tragic repercussions of the hostage situation. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). Bart discovers a passion for American history. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). Bart buys a rare comic.
7.00 Porridge. Fletch sorts out Godber’s love life. 7.40 Blackadder Goes Forth. Captain Blackadder organises a stage show.
7.00 FL72 Preview. A look ahead to the latest round of fixtures in the Championship, League One and League Two.
8.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Harry Hill comedy capers include a group of workmen messing about.
8.00 Suburgatory (HD). Tessa worries she has lost her cool persona. 8.30 The Big Bang Theory (HD). Leonard and Sheldon go through an adjustment period. Johnny Galecki stars.
8.00 Modern Family (R,S,HD). Phil takes the family on a road trip in his new motor home. Comedy, starring Ty Burrell and Ed O’Neill. 8.30 Modern Family (R,S,HD).
8.20 Yes, Prime Minister. Sir Humphrey’s pro-Euro scheme seems to have failed, but some embarrassing expenses claims may provide a means to salvage his plan.
8.00 The Rugby Club (HD). Alex Payne rounds up the latest domestic rugby union action, hearing from the players in the news and finding out how the game is developing at grass-roots level.
9.00 Trollied (S,HD). See Choices Above. 9.30 Trollied (S,HD). Richard gets some of the staff to pose as shoppers. Last in the series.
9.00 Only Fools and Horses. Rodney aspires to be a pop star, but Del-Boy manages to ruin his chances. Guest starring DJ Mike Read. 9.40 Gavin & Stacey. Smithy worries about seeing Nessa again.
9.00 Ringside (HD). Boxing magazine, including highlights of recent bouts and interviews with the stars currently causing a stir in the ring.
9.00 Tricked (HD). Magician 9.00 2 Broke Girls (HD). New Ben Hanlin messes with series. A rumour about former footballer Robbie an incident involving a Savage’s £150,000 rock star boosts business supercar, giving him an for Max and Caroline’s expensive surprise. Plus, pop-up shop. Essex girl Amy Childs has 9.30 Drifters (HD). Meg is a shock at a teddy bear offered an internship at shop. a local radio station.
10.20 You, Me & Them. Ed makes meticulous plans for living in domestic bliss with Lauren – but Alan keeps getting in the way.
12.55 The Only Way Is Essex (R,HD). Reality programme following a group of people in Essex, with each episode filmed just a few days before transmission. 1.40 Tricked (R,HD). 2.30 Teleshopping. Buying goods from the comfort of home.
12.00 Men Behaving Badly. Gary and Dorothy take a weekend break at a country hotel to spice up their love life. 12.40 Men Behaving Badly. Tony tries to make Deborah jealous. 1.15 Rev 1.45 Men Behaving Badly 2.15 Just Good Friends 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping
RADIO
10.00 A League of Their 10.00 Celebrity Juice (HD). 10.00 Educating Essex (R). Own (R,S,HD). Radio 1 Holly Willoughby and a Headmaster Mr DJ Sara Cox and One guest team captain are Goddard faces one of Direction’s Harry Styles, joined by girl band Little the toughest decisions Louis Tomlinson and Mix and Geordie of his career when he Niall Horan join the comedian Chris Ramsey. has to deal with a pupil sports-based comedy Hosted by Keith Lemon. whose home life is quiz, hosted by James having a negative 10.50 Quantum of Solace Corden. impact on his academic (HD) (2008). James Bond results. sets out on a personal mission of vengeance and uncovers a plan to 11.05 How I Met Your 11.00 Gravity Movie Special cause a coup in a Latin Mother (R,HD). (S,HD). Behind the American country. Spy scenes of Alfonso 11.35 The Big Bang Theory thriller sequel, starring Cuarón’s sci-fi thriller. (R,HD). Amy is caught in Daniel Craig, Olga a conflict between 11.30 Road Wars (R,S). Video Kurylenko and Mathieu Sheldon and Penny. footage of dangers on Amalric. See Choices the road. Above. ●●● 12.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Leonard accompanies Amy to her colleague’s wedding. 12.30 Happy Endings (R,HD). 1.00 Misfits (R,HD). 2.00 Educating Essex (R). 2.55 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.15 The Cleveland Show (R,HD). 3.40 Glee (R,HD). 4.20 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Gemma Cairney 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Scott Mills 4.00 Greg James 7.00 Zane Lowe 9.00 In New DJs We Trust 10.00 Phil Taggart Midnight The Residency: Mosca 2.00 Toddla T 4.00 Dev Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Bob Harris Country 8.00 Jo Whiley 10.00 Country to Country Festival 11.00 Nigel Ogden: The Organist Entertains 11.30 Listen to the Band Midnight Janice Long 2.00 Alex Lester
12.00 Cop Squad (R,S,HD). The work of police officers in Cambridgeshire. 1.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Road Wars (R,S,HD). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. Andrew Manze and the BBCSSO continue their Vaughan Williams cycle with his Sinfonia Antartica, and perform Mozart’s Piano Concerto No 20 with Shai Wosner, as well as Tippett. 10.00 Free Thinking. A debate on whether Britain has lost touch with nature. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 Late Junction 12.30am Through the Night
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 In Our Time 9.45 (LW) Daily Service 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 From Our Own Correspondent 11.30 Behind the Looking Glass Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Titanium 3.00 Open Country 3.27 (LW) Radio 4 Appeal 3.27 (FM) Radio 4 Appeal 3.30 (LW) Bookclub 3.30 (FM) Bookclub 4.00 The Film
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). 7.10 Doctor Who (R,S). 8.00 Motorway Cops (R,S). Traffic police enforce the law on Britain’s most dangerous highways. 9.00 Hotel of Mum and Dad (S). A couple from Swansea sample life away from a doting mother. Last in the series. 10.00 Live at the Apollo (R,S). Micky Flanagan introduces Jason Byrne and Seann Walsh. 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 American Dad! (S). 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). Stan becomes his boss’s adviser. 12.30 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 1.00 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 1.30 Hotel of Mum and Dad (R,S). 2.30 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 3.30 Some Girls (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 The Sky at Night (R). The team watches a lunar eclipse. 8.00 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R). Richard Fortey explores the KT boundary, a line across Earth that geologists believe was created when an asteroid struck the planet 65 million years ago. 9.00 Defiance (2008). Second World War drama, starring Daniel Craig and Jamie Bell. ●●● 11.05 Timeshift: When Coal Was King (R). A look at the lost world of coal mining. 12.05 Lost Horizons: The Big Bang (R). 1.05 The Sky at Night (R). 1.35 The Final Frontier? A Horizon Guide to the Universe (R). 2.35 Survivors: Nature’s Indestructible Creatures (R).
10.00 FL72 Preview
11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.00 Ringside (HD). The quirky comic takes a surreal look at soap sagas and celebrities, subjecting them to his unique brand of scrutiny. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp
Programme 4.30 Inside Science 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 Clare in the Community 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 Petite Mort 8.00 Law in Action. Developments in the legal world. Presented by Joshua Rozenberg. Last in the series. 8.30 The Bottom Line 9.00 Inside Science 9.30 In Our Time 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 Seekers 11.30 Today in Parliament Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
12.00 NFL – A Football Life (HD). 1.00 Live NFL (HD). Minnesota Vikings v Washington Redskins (Kick-off 1.25am). 4.30 FL72 Preview 5.30 Premier League World (HD). A round-up of the latest news surrounding the Premier League, featuring interviews with managers and players. Radio 5 Live 5.30am Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Richard Bacon 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport 8.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby. Matt Dawson presents the latest rugby union news and interviews, looking ahead to the latest round of matches in the autumn internationals. 9.30 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Rugby League 10.00 Question Time Extra Time 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Nick Bailey
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 51
Fr iday Television television&radio Friday’s Guide TV PICKS
HAVE I GOT NEWS FOR YOU 9pm, BBC1
GREATEST KIDS’ TV SHOWS 9pm, Channel 5
Alexander Armstrong takes to the host’s chair, with Ian Hislop and Paul Merton joined by MEP Godfrey Bloom and TV presenter Victoria Coren Mitchell.
BBC1 BBC1
6.00 Breakfast (S,HD). 9.15 Remembrance Week (S,HD). 10.00 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S). 11.00 Saints and Scroungers (S,HD). 11.45 Escape to the Country (S). 12.15 Bargain Hunt (S,HD). 1.00 News (S,HD). 1.30 Regional News (S). 1.45 Doctors (S,HD). 2.15 The Indian Doctor (S,HD). 3.00 Pressure Pad (S,HD). 3.45 Paul Hollywood’s Pies & Puds (S,HD). 4.30 Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5.15 Pointless (S,HD).
FILM RATINGS ●●●●● Excellent ●●●● Very good ●●● Good ●● Average ● Poor
Countdown of the 50 best-loved British children’s TV shows, looking back on a host of hugely popular programmes including Blue Peter, Bagpuss, Captain Pugwash, Going Live, Tiswas and Peppa Pig. Featuring contributions by many of the famous faces involved, including Phillip Schofield and Chris Tarrant.
BBC2 BBC2
6.00 This Is BBC Two (S). 6.30 Homes Under the Hammer (R,S,HD). 7.30 Saints and Scroungers (R,S,HD). 8.15 Sign Zone: Real Rescues (R,S). 9.00 Sign Zone: Flog It! Trade Secrets (R,S). 10.00 Question Time (R,S,HD). 11.00 BBC News (S,HD). 11.30 BBC World News (S,HD). 12.00 Daily Politics (S). 1.00 Animal Park (S). Darcy the antelope runs away. 2.00 Live Tennis: ATP World Tour Finals (S,HD). 5.00 Flog It! (R,S).
THE NATION’S FAVOURITE ELVIS SONG 9pm, ITV
MAN DOWN 9.30pm, Channel 4
Brian introduces Dan to a guru with a secret so powerful he can only tell it to one person at a time, which keeps the teacher completely mesmerised. Meanwhile, unexpected visitors in the classroom and an extreme wake-up call from his dad stand in the way of Dan getting his life back on track.
A countdown of the King’s 20 greatest hits. There’s also a rare interview with Elvis’s ex-wife Priscilla Presley and stories from a host of songwriters.
ITV1 ITV
6.00 Daybreak (S,HD). 8.30 Lorraine (S). 9.25 The Jeremy Kyle Show (S). 10.30 This Morning (S). 12.30 Loose Women (S,HD). 1.30 ITV News and Weather (S). 1.55 Regional News (S). 2.00 Dickinson’s Real Deal (R,S). From Ironbridge, Shropshire. 3.00 The Alan Titchmarsh Show (S,HD). Features, music and conversation. Presented by Alan Titchmarsh. 3.59 Regional Weather (S). 4.00 Tipping Point (S,HD). 5.00 The Chase (S,HD).
Channel Channel 4
6.25 The Treacle People (R,S). 6.35 The Hoobs (R,S). 7.05 According to Jim (R,S,HD). 7.30 Will & Grace (R,S). 7.55 Everybody Loves Raymond (R,S). 9.00 Frasier (R,S). 10.00 Undercover Boss USA (R,S,HD). 11.00 Beat My Build (S,HD). 12.00 News Summary (S). 12.05 Gordon Ramsay’s Home Cooking (S,HD). 12.35 River Cottage Bites (S,HD). 12.50 Film: Escape to Athena (S,HD) (1979). ●● 3.10 Countdown (S,HD). 4.00 Deal or No Deal (S,HD). 5.00 Four in a Bed (S,HD). 5.30 Come Dine with Me (S,HD).
Channel Channel 5
6.00 Milkshake! 9.15 The Wright Stuff (HD). 11.10 The Hotel Inspector (R,S). 12.10 5 News Lunchtime (S,HD). 12.15 Construction Squad: Operation Homefront (R,S,HD). 1.15 Home and Away (S,HD). 1.45 Neighbours (S,HD). 2.20 The Mentalist (R,S). 3.15 Film: Meltdown: Days of Destruction (S) (2006). Premiere. Thriller, starring Casper Van Dien. ●● 5.00 5 News at 5 (S,HD). 5.30 Neighbours (R,S,HD).
Gardeners’ World, 8.30pm
Off the Beaten Track, 8pm
8 Out of 10 Cats, 9pm
The Mentalist, 2.20pm
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6.00 BBC News (S,HD); Weather. 6.30 Regional News (S); Weather.
6.00 Eggheads (S,HD). 94/140. Quiz show, hosted by Jeremy Vine. 6.30 Strictly Come Dancing – It Takes Two (S,HD). A look ahead to tomorrow’s live show.
6.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 6.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
6.00 The Simpsons (R,S,HD). 17/21. 6.30 Hollyoaks (S,HD). The villagers deal with the tragic repercussions of the hostage situation.
6.00 Home and Away (R,S,HD). Zac’s nephew Oscar calls from the lodge asking for help. 6.30 NewsTalk Live (S,HD).
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7.00 The One Show (S,HD). Hosted by Chris Evans and Alex Jones. 7.30 A Question of Sport (R,S,HD). With Chris Hoy and Joe Calzaghe. Followed by BBC News; Regional News.
7.00 Celebrity Antiques Road Trip (S,HD). 5/20. Colin Baker and Peter Purves take part in the challenge.
7.00 Emmerdale (S,HD). David finds out Priya definitely is pregnant. 7.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Hayley gets a shock when she visits the hospice to see Jane.
7.00 News (S). 7.30 Unreported World (S). 6/8. How political unrest has affected Egypt’s tourism industry. 7.55 4thought.tv (S).
7.00 Chris Tarrant Goes Fishing (S). Salmon fishing on the Baronscourt Estate in Co Tyrone. Followed by 5 News Update.
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Room 101, 8.30pm
8.00 EastEnders (S,HD). The thought of lying in court has Ian in a panic, so he visits Carl to try to get out of their agreement. 8.30 Room 101 (R,S,HD). 5/8. With Alistair McGowan, Hilary Devey and Josh Groban.
8.00 Mastermind (S,HD). 12/31. Specialist subjects include Star Trek and the rugby union world cup. 8.30 Gardeners’ World (S,HD). 30/31. Joe Swift visits the garden of Wayne and Gerardine Hemingway.
8.00 Off the Beaten Track (S,HD). 2/6. Christine Bleakley visits Dedham Vale on the EssexSuffolk border. 8.30 Coronation Street (S,HD). Todd is ordered out of the Bistro by Nick.
8.00 Marvel’s Agents of SHIELD (S,HD). 6/22. When floating corpses appear, Coulson and the agents must hunt down an elusive killer in an investigation where nobody is safe. Comicbook drama, starring Clark Gregg.
8.00 Stobart: Trucks, Trains & Planes (S,HD). See Choices Above.
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(R) repeat (S) subtitles (HD) highdefinition
9.00 Have I Got News for You (S,HD). 6/11. See Choices Above. 9.30 Citizen Khan (S,HD). 6/6. Mr Khan is eager to appear in a video for the mosque. Last in the series.
9.00 Cold War, Hot Jets (S,HD). 1/2. Part one of two. James Holland examines how the development of the jet engine resulted in Britain acquiring a world-leading aviation industry during the Cold War.
9.00 The Nation’s Favourite Elvis Song (S,HD). See Choices Above.
9.00 8 Out of 10 Cats (S,HD). 6/9. Jimmy Carr hosts the comedy panel show. 9.30 Man Down (S,HD). 4/6. See Choices Above.
9.00 Greatest Kids’ TV Shows (S). Countdown of the 50 bestloved British children’s TV shows, looking back on a host of hugely popular programmes including Blue Peter, Bagpuss, Captain Pugwash, Going Live, Tiswas and Peppa Pig. Featuring contributions by many of the famous faces involved, including Phillip Schofield, Chris Tarrant, John Craven, Christopher Biggins, Dani Harmer, Phyllida Law, Morwenna Banks, Helen Skelton, Johnny Ball, Peter Purves and Valerie Singleton, as well as cast members from Grange Hill and Sylvia Anderson, who was the voice of Lady Penelope in Thunderbirds. See Choices Above.
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10.00 QI (S,HD). 10/18. See Choices Above. 10.30 Newsnight (S,HD).
10.30 ITV News and Weather (S).
10.00 Alan Carr: Chatty Man (S,HD). 11/18. Robin Thicke talks to the host and performs his latest single, Paul O’Grady discusses his new chat show, and Jack Whitehall is joined by his father Michael to promote their book.
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10.00 BBC News (S,HD). 10.25 Regional News (S). Followed by National Lottery Update. 10.35 The Graham Norton Show (S,HD). 5/20. With Lady Gaga, Jude Law, June Brown and Greg Davies.
11.20 Bluestone 42 (S,HD). 4/8. Nick tries to prove to Mary that he is not superstitious. 11.50 The 13th Warrior (S) (1999). See Choices Above. ●●●
11.00 Weather (S). 11.05 Later with Jools Holland (S,HD). 8/8. Extended edition. With the Killers, Chase and Status, Boy George, Jimmy Webb and Justin Currie. Last in the series.
11.00 Regional News (S); Weather. 11.05 Wanted (S,HD) (2008). A man joins a secret society of superpowered assassins that kills people destined to commit acts of evil. Action adventure, starring James McAvoy. ●●●
11.05 Stand Up for the Week (S,HD). 2/8. Paul Chowdhry hosts the satirical comedy show. 11.55 Was It Something I Said? (S,HD). 5/8. Extended edition, with guests Robert Webb and Miles Jupp.
1.30 Weatherview (S). 1.35 BBC News (S,HD).
12.10 Film: Spider (S) (2002). A schizophrenic pieces together the traumatic childhood events that led to his condition. David Cronenberg’s psychological thriller, starring Ralph Fiennes and Miranda Richardson. ●●●● 1.45 Sign Zone: Question Time (R,S). 2.45 Sign Zone: The Paradise (R,S,HD). 3.45 This Is BBC Two (S).
1.00 Jackpot247 Viewers get the chance to participate in live interactive gaming from the comfort of their sofas, with a mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.00 Film: Columbo: Death Hits the Jackpot (S,HD) (1991). Detective drama, with Peter Falk and Rip Torn. ●●● 4.40 ITV Nightscreen (HD). Text-based information service.
12.40 Gogglebox (R,S). 1.25 Random Acts (S). 1.30 Film: Greenberg (S,HD) (2010). See Choices Above. ●●● 3.15 The Big C (S,HD). 3.45 2 Broke Girls (S,HD). 4.10 Don’t Trust the B**** in Apartment 23 (S,HD). 4.30 Deal or No Deal: Freaky Fun Fayre (R,S,HD). 5.25 Kirstie’s Vintage Gems (R,S,HD). 5.30 Countdown (R,S,HD).
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12.00 SuperCasino Viewers get the chance to take part in live interactive gaming, with a mix of roulette-wheel spins and lively chat from the presenting team. 3.05 Criminals: Caught on Camera (R,S,HD). 3.55 Motorsport Mundial (HD). 4.20 House Doctor (R,S). 4.45 Great Scientists (R,S). 5.10 Michaela’s Wild Challenge (R,S). 5.35 Wildlife SOS (R,S).
The complete outfitters for every occasion, including formal hire THE
TALL
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52 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
KEVIN’S MENSWEAR 22-24 High Street, Westbury, Wiltshire | Tel 01373 822200 | Fax 013738 22150 www.kevinsmenswear.co.uk | Email [email protected] WCL-E01-S2
STOBART: TRUCKS, TRAINS & PLANES 8pm, Channel 5
QI 10pm, BBC2
The return of the programme about the haulage company. Ashley Maddocks and Craig Garside go head to head with drivers from Ice Road Truckers at Truckfest Scotland.
ITV2 ITV2 6.00 Emmerdale (R,HD). 6.55 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.25 Up All Night (R,HD). 7.50 Ben and Kate (R,HD). 8.10 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 8.40 Dinner Date (R,HD). 9.40 The Real Housewives of New York City (R,HD). 10.35 The Real Housewives of Orange County (R,HD). 11.30 Big Rich Texas (R,HD). 12.30 Emmerdale (R,HD). 1.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 2.00 The Jeremy Kyle Show (R). 4.10 The Real Housewives of Orange County (R,HD). 5.05 Big Rich Texas (R,HD).
South Shields comedienne Sarah Millican and Salford stand-up Jason Manford are joining in the fun on Stephen Fry’s irreverent, intelligent quiz tonight. QI frequent flier Bill Bailey represents the south-west, with the ever-present Essex boy Alan Davies in for the south-east.
E4 E4 6.00 Switched (R). 6.25 90210 (R,HD). 7.10 Ugly Betty (R,HD). 8.00 Charmed (R). 9.00 Glee 10.00 New Girl (R,HD). 10.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 11.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 11.30 Charmed (R). 12.30 Hollyoaks (R,HD). 1.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD). 2.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 3.00 New Girl (R,HD). 3.30 Suburgatory (R,HD). 4.00 Rules of Engagement (R,HD). 5.00 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
Sky1 Sky1 6.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 6.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 7.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). 7.30 The Middle (R,S,HD). 8.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 10.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 1.00 NCIS: Los Angeles (R,S,HD). 2.00 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.00 Stargate SG-1 (R,S,HD). 5.00 The Simpsons (R,S). 5.30 The Middle (R,S,HD).
FILM PICKS
Friday television&radio THE 13TH WARRIOR 11.50pm, BBC1
GREENBERG 1.30am, Channel 4
A nobleman joins forces with Norse warriors to fight a shadowy band of attackers at the end of the first millennium. Adventure, starring Antonio Banderas.
Gold GOLD 6.00 2point4 Children 6.30 The Brittas Empire 7.00 2point4 Children 7.40 The Brittas Empire 8.20 Just Good Friends 9.00 As Time Goes By 9.40 Last of the Summer Wine 11.00 One Foot in the Grave 11.40 Porridge 12.20 Ever Decreasing Circles 1.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp 2.00 As Time Goes By 2.40 Goodnight Sweetheart 4.00 Last of the Summer Wine 5.20 Only Fools and Horses.
Comedy drama, with Ben Stiller, Rhys Ifans, Greta Gerwig, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Brie Larson, Juno Temple, Chris Messina and Susan Traylor.
SkySports1 Sky Sports 1 6.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 7.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 8.00 Good Morning Sports Fans (HD). 9.00 FL72 Preview 10.00 The Rugby Club (HD). 11.00 Ringside (HD). 12.00 NFL (HD). 1.00 Football 3.00 The Rugby Club (HD). Rugby union magazine. 4.00 FL72 Preview A look ahead to the latest round of fixtures. 5.00 NFL (HD).
I’m a Celebrity … 8pm
2 Broke Girls, 8.30pm
The Fantasy … 6.30pm
6.00 Dinner Date (R,HD). Londoner Luan chooses three blind dates. Narrated by Charlotte Hudson.
6.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Penny arranges a date for Raj. 6.30 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD).
6.00 The Middle (R,S,HD). Axl and Sue are teamed up on a school project. 6.30 The Simpsons (R,S). The nuclear plant is sold.
6.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. A comic look at soaps and celebrities. 6.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
6.00 Champions League Weekly (HD). A look back at matchday four. 6.30 The Fantasy Football Club (HD).
7.00 You’ve Been Framed! (R). 7.30 You’ve Been Framed! (R). Camcorder clips, including a flying lawnmower.
7.00 Hollyoaks (HD). Cindy, Lindsey and Mercedes work together to keep their grim secret hidden. 7.30 How I Met Your Mother (R,HD).
7.00 The Simpsons (R,S). Barney gives up alcohol. 7.30 The Simpsons (R,S). With the voices of Melanie Griffith and Larry Hagman.
7.00 Gavin & Stacey. Smithy worries about seeing Nessa again. 7.40 You, Me & Them. Alan gets in the way of Ed’s plans for domestic bliss.
8.00 I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here Now: Golden Moments (R). Highlights of the first 12 series.
8.00 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). Leonard and Sheldon go through an adjustment period. 8.30 2 Broke Girls (R,HD). The business is boosted by a rumour involving a rock star.
8.00 Football’s Funniest Moments (R,S,HD). A look back at comical incidents from the world of Premier League football, including interviews with players and pundits.
8.20 Porridge. The inmates take advantage of the relaxed atmosphere – and of Barrowclough – with Mackay away on holiday.
7.30 Live Victory Shield Football (HD). England v Northern Ireland (kickoff 7.35pm). All the action from the latest match of the tournament for under-16s sides, which takes place at Dean Court, Bournemouth. This is England’s second fixture in a competition they have become accustomed to winning in recent years.
9.00 Quantum of Solace (HD) (2008). James Bond sets out on a personal mission of vengeance as he pursues the secret criminal organisation Quantum. His search leads him to the head of an ecological corporation, who is plotting to orchestrate a coup in a Latin American country to get his hands on a precious natural resource. Spy thriller sequel, starring Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Judi Dench, Gemma Arterton and Mathieu Amalric. Including FYI Daily. ●●●
9.00 Shooter (HD) (2007). A 9.00 A League of Their 9.00 The Royle Family. Dave 9.30 The Fantasy Football former Marine sniper is Own: Best Bits (S,HD). grows a goatee beard Club (HD). John Fendley coaxed back into action James Corden presents and the Royles throw a and Paul Merson present when government out-takes from series party to celebrate baby a discussion on key officials need his help to seven of the comedy David’s christening. fantasy football issues, as prevent an assassination quiz, featuring team well as the weekend’s 9.40 The Royle Family at attempt on the US captains Jamie Redknapp Premier League matches. Christmas. The Royles president. However, the and Andrew “Freddie” watch Rolf Harris on the intended target is in fact Flintoff, plus regular box. an African archbishop, panellist Jack Whitehall. and the marksman is set 10.20 Come Fly with Me. 10.00 Karl Pilkington: The 10.30 Premier League up by double-crossing Taaj Manzoor bumps Moaning of Life Preview (HD). A look agents to take the fall, into Harry Potter star (R,S,HD). Karl sets off ahead to the weekend’s forcing him to go on the Rupert Grint, and Great around the world in an fixtures, which include run as he fights to clear British Air’s snobbiest attempt to understand Manchester United v his name. Action thriller, employee is forced to why people want Arsenal, Sunderland v with Mark Wahlberg, deal with passengers children, including visits Manchester City and Michael Pena and Danny from the lower classes. to a fertility festival in Southampton v Hull City. Glover. ●●● Japan and a natural birthing centre in Bali. 11.00 Harry Hill’s TV Burp. 11.00 Trollied (R,S,HD). 11.00 Champions League The quirky comic takes a Weekly (HD). 11.30 Trollied (R,S,HD). surreal look at soap Richard gets some of the 11.30 Victory Shield Football sagas and celebrities, staff to pose as shoppers. (HD). England v Northern subjecting them to his Last in the series. Ireland. unique brand of scrutiny. 11.30 Harry Hill’s TV Burp.
1.25 The Vampire Diaries (R,HD). As a winter wonderland-themed party fills the streets of Mystic Falls, Stefan and Caroline find themselves at odds with Tyler over his plans for Klaus and his hybrids. 2.10 Usher: The Hot Desk (R,HD). 2.25 Teleshopping 5.55 ITV2 Nightscreen
12.00 Film: The Last Samurai (2003). Adventure, starring Tom Cruise. ●●●● 2.55 Hawaii Five-0 (R,S,HD). 3.45 Futurama: Welcome to the World of Tomorrow (R,S). 4.00 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 4.30 Dog the Bounty Hunter (R,S). 5.00 Airline (R,S). 5.30 Airline (R,S).
RADIO
11.10 2 Fast 2 Furious (HD) 11.35 The Big Bang Theory (2003). A disgraced cop (R,HD). Raj feels upset is given a chance to about not being in a redeem himself by going relationship, so Penny undercover to bring a sets out to find a date drug trafficker to justice. and introduces him to a Thriller, with Paul girl he can actually talk Walker. ●● to. 12.05 The Big Bang Theory (R,HD). 12.35 Drifters (R,HD). 1.10 PhoneShop (R). 1.40 Noel Fielding’s Luxury Comedy (R,HD). 2.15 Chris Moyles’ Quiz Night (R,HD). 2.55 Full English (R,HD). 3.20 Show and Tell (R). 4.00 Glee (R,HD). 4.45 Ugly Betty (R,HD).
Radio 1 6.30am Nick Grimshaw 10.00 Gemma Cairney 12.45pm Newsbeat 1.00 Huw Stephens 4.00 Greg James 6.00 Radio 1’s Dance Anthems with Greg James 7.00 Annie Mac 9.00 Pete Tong 11.00 Skream and Benga 1.00am Radio 1’s Essential Mix 3.00 Annie Nightingale Radio 2 5.00am Sara Cox 6.30 Chris Evans 9.30 Ken Bruce Noon Jeremy Vine 2.00 Steve Wright in the Afternoon 5.00 Simon Mayo 7.00 Desmond Carrington: The Music Goes Round 8.00 Friday Night Is Music Night 10.00 The Radio 2 Arts Show with Claudia Winkleman Midnight Huey Morgan 3.00 Richard Allinson
Radio 3 6.30am Breakfast 9.00 Essential Classics Noon Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 1.00 News 1.02 Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert 2.00 Afternoon on 3 4.30 In Tune 6.30 Composer of the Week: Ethel Smyth 7.30 Radio 3 Live in Concert. The BBC Philharmonic, conducted by Gianandrea Noseda, performs Verdi’s Overture to Nabucco, Bruch’s Violin Concerto with Renaud Capuçon, and Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony. 10.00 Free Thinking. Patrick Ness and Charles Fernyhough discuss the development of memories. 10.45 The Free Thinking Essay: New Generation Thinkers 11.00 World on 3 1.00am Through the Night
12.00 Men Behaving Badly Gary digs himself into a hole with a drunken proposal, and Tony spies on Deborah. 12.40 The Royle Family 1.15 The Royle Family at Christmas 1.45 Come Fly with Me 2.15 Men Behaving Badly 2.45 Cr*pston Villas 3.00 Home Shopping
Radio 4 5.30am News Briefing 5.43 Prayer for the Day 5.45 Farming Today 5.58 Tweet of the Day 6.00 Today 8.31 (LW) Yesterday in Parliament 9.00 Desert Island Discs 9.45 (LW) Act of Worship 9.45 (FM) Book of the Week: Olivier 10.00 Woman’s Hour 11.00 Electric News: The World’s First Radio Station 11.30 The Gobetweenies Noon News 12.01 (LW) Shipping Forecast 12.04 You and Yours 12.52 The Listening Project 12.57 Weather 1.00 The World at One 1.45 The Roots of Scottish Nationalism 2.00 The Archers 2.15 Afternoon Drama: Moving Music 3.00 Gardeners’ Question Time 3.45 Edinburgh Haunts
4.00 Last Word 4.30 Feedback 4.56 The Listening Project 5.00 PM 5.54 (LW) Shipping Forecast 5.57 Weather 6.00 Six O’Clock News 6.30 The News Quiz 7.00 The Archers 7.15 Front Row 7.45 (LW) Petite Mort 7.45 (FM) Petite Mort 8.00 Any Questions? Political debate and discussion in Glasgow. 8.50 A Point of View 9.00 Friday Drama: A Slow Air 9.59 Weather 10.00 The World Tonight 10.45 Book at Bedtime: The Goldfinch 11.00 A Good Read 11.30 Today in Parliament 11.55 The Listening Project Midnight News 12.30 Book of the Week: Olivier 12.48 Shipping Forecast 1.00 As BBC World Service 5.20 Shipping Forecast
WCL-E01-S2
BBC3 BBC3
7.00 Great TV Mistakes (R,S). 7.10 Atlantis (R,S). Hercules visits a witch in an attempt to win Medusa’s heart. 8.00 Snog, Marry, Avoid? (R,S). A tan-lover from Merseyside. 8.30 Snog, Marry, Avoid? (R,S). A pole-dancing Essex girl. 9.00 Streetdance (S) (2010). Drama, starring Nichola Burley. ●●● 10.30 EastEnders (R,S). Ian tries to get out of his agreement with Carl. 11.00 Family Guy (R,S). 11.25 Family Guy (R,S). 11.45 Fuzzbox (S). 12.10 American Dad! (R,S). Stan meets an old flame. 12.35 American Dad! (R,S). 12.55 American Dad! (R,S). 1.20 American Dad! (R,S). 1.40 Staying In with Greg and Russell (R,S). 2.10 Sweat the Small Stuff (R,S). 2.40 Unsafe Sex in the City (R,S). 3.35 Fuzzbox (R,S).
BBC4 BBC4
7.00 World News Today; Weather. 7.30 Symphony (R). Classical music in the rapidly changing world of the 20th century. Last in the series. 8.30 Sacred Music: The Story of Allegri’s Miserere (R). Featuring a performance of the choral work by the Sixteen. 9.00 Elvis Costello: Mystery Dance. A profile of the singer-songwriter. 10.00 Later Presents – Elvis Costello in Concert (R). 11.00 Blondie: One Way or Another (R). Profile of the pop group fronted by singer Debbie Harry. 12.10 Guitar Heroes at the BBC (R). 1.10 Elvis Costello: Mystery Dance (R). 2.10 Later Presents – Elvis Costello in Concert (R). 3.15 Sacred Music: The Story of Allegri’s Miserere (R).
1.30 Premier League Preview (HD). 2.00 The Fantasy Football Club (HD). 3.00 Champions League Weekly (HD). 3.30 Premier League Preview (HD). 4.00 Victory Shield Football (HD).
Radio 5 Live 5.30am Wake Up to Money 6.00 5 Live Breakfast 10.00 Tony Livesey Noon Shelagh Fogarty 2.00 Kermode and Mayo’s Film Review 4.00 5 Live Drive 7.00 5 Live Sport. Dan Walker presents the day’s sports news and previews the weekend’s action, including football debate with Peter Schmeichel, Jonathan Northcroft and Robbie Savage. 9.00 5 Live Sport: 5 Live Racing 10.00 Stephen Nolan 1.00am Up All Night Classic FM 6.00am More Music Breakfast 9.00 John Suchet 1.00pm Jamie Crick 5.00 Classic FM Drive 8.00 The Full Works Concert 10.00 Smooth Classics 2.00am Bob Jones
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 53
Puzzles and poetry
poem David Prowse
1
TURNING THE TABLES Three cheers for Greater Manchester, they’ve started something new, An innovation worthy of acclaim, A playground park reserved for those of sixty years or more, Perhaps it’s time that others did the same.
We won’t be getting high on drugs but still they’ll play a part As we discuss our ailments and our ills, Comparing miscellaneous pains as though to win a prize For the most impressive multitude of pills.
Just a nook for gentle exercise, a stretching of the limbs With more long-johns than lycra, I should think, No skate-board ramps or sand-pits, no climbing frames or swings But enough to keep our muscles in the pink.
We’ll spend ages on our mobiles sending imbecilic texts And chatting when we’ve nothing much to say, Making plans in secret for the parties we shall hold When the young ones have a night or two away.
In this turning of the tables, we’ll adopt the ways of youth And respond to every question with a shrug, Blowing bubbles through our dentures as we chew upon our gum While looking round for hoodies we could mug.
Come, join me in the playground on the dot of nine o‘clock When the cold air makes it good to be alive, Knee-bends, assorted push-ups, then it’s running on the spot .... And at ten, the paramedics will arrive.
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For book enquiries, ring 01752600366.
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We’ll drink a lot and swear a lot and, every Friday night, We’ll infiltrate the night-clubs and the bars, Menacing the dee-jays and insisting on a waltz Instead of all that rubbish with guitars.
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chess Bob Jones Scrabble, poker etc making them more accessible to a viewing public. Their ultimate goal is to have 12 festivals happening every year – four in Europe, four in North America and four across Asia and the rest of the World. They have events planned for Las Vegas and Prague in December but much nearer to home is one to be held at Plymouth Guildhall on November 16-17 involving a range of games including chess. Visit their website (mindsportsinternational.com) to find out more. The 14th Senior Congress at the Royal Beacon Hotel, Exmouth, starts a week on Monday. Entries are filling up fast, but there is still space for a few latecomers. For details contact me on 01395-223340. Here is a game by the winner of last year’s Bournemouth Congress. White: David Howell. Black: Francis Rayner English Opening [A34] 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.Nc3 Nc6 4.e3 e5 5.d4 cxd4 6.exd4 e4 7.Ne5 Bb4 8.Be2 0–0 9.0–0 Re8 10.Bf4 d6 11.Nxc6 bxc6 12.Qa4 c5 13.Rad1 Bd7 14.Qb3 Qb6 15.dxc5 dxc5 16.Rd6 Qa5 17.Rxf6 gxf6 18.Nd5 Kh8 19.Nxf6 Bd2 20.Qg3 Bxf4 21.Qxf4 White now finishes off in style. 21...Re7 22.Qh6 Bf5 23.Nh5 Black is now faced with mate on g7 or losing his rook to 24.Qf6+ 1–0 The general rule is that knights should avoid getting stuck on the edge of the board where they tend to be least effective, (“knights on the rim are dim”) but in the case of last week’s problem 1.Nd1! was, in fact, the key move, as Black has no way of avoiding all the various mates next move. In this position, White has an easy knight fork that wins the exchange, but there may be a quicker way to finish the game off.
54 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
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ACROSS 1 We went to a florist right in the centre ofright Cherhill to oforder 1 We went to a florist in the centre toto take taketo ato a Cherhillsome to order flowers some flowers funeral (6) funeral (6) 4 Rex, a man from Chantmarle, 4 Rex, a has man from an unan Chantmarle, unusual has Swiss-style usual Swiss-style home (6) home (6) 9 I saw a religious community 9 I saw a religious community leader in a leader in a bar in Bournemouth bar in Bournemouth – I was most – I(5)was most surprised! (5) surprised! 10 My daughter has a second home has which is next to a islake 10 My daughter a second home which oneone mile next to aabout lake about milefrom from Blackwood Blackwood (7)(7) 11 Ned from Devon is going to get 11 Ned from is going get five fiveDevon bantams in toorder tobanhave a tams in order to have a supply supply of eggs (3)of eggs (3) 12 This pretty avenue quickly 12 This pretty avenue quickly became a debecame a desirable address – sirable address – it's near Tavistock (5,4) it's near Tavistock (5,4) 13 village This village near has Blackdog has 13 This near Blackdog a sursurprisingly large green in the prisinglyalarge green in the centre – we last – we last visited itcentre at the weekend (11) visited it at the weekend (11) 18 I18 hearI Elle hadElle just an hour in Hilton hear had just an hour in before she had tobefore return toshe her northern Hilton had to return suburb of toCardiff her (9)northern suburb of Cardiff (9) 21 Rob from Oborne is single (3) 21 Rob from Oborne is single (3) 22true, It'sthetrue, thewe six nights we 22 It's six nights arranged to arranged have Falmouth have in Falmouth lastto April werein really relast April were really relaxing laxing (7) (7) 23 They stock astock variety a of variety grapes in of thisgrapes 23 They greengrocer's shop greengrocer's in Ottery St Mary (5) in this shop in Ottery St Mary (5) 24 I'm Gina intoGina the centre Chel24taking I'm taking into ofthe centre tenham – we'll have a bit of a look around of Cheltenham – we'll have a bit before getting something to eat (6) of a look around before getting something to eat 25 Yes, we ended up moving to a(6) place near 25 Yes, Burbage (6) we ended up moving to a place near Burbage (6)
ACROSS
Our tee-shirts will have pictures of the Zimmers on the front And we’ll squeal and scream and swoon when they perform, Bobbing in our three-piece suits with hearing aids aloft While swigging on Wincarnis as the norm.
Devon’s Team Blitz Tournament was held on Sunday at the Newton Abbot Club and there were several prizewinners. Overall winners were Newton Abbot A who took the Thomas Cup. Teignmouth A won the Hodge Cup for the highest score by a team with a total grade of Under-600, while Newton Abbot B took the cup for U-450s. The only undefeated team was Exmouth Eagles whose Meyrick Shaw took the new trophy for the highest individual score. A new Plymouth-based organisation has recently started operations in the Westcountry, although their ambitions stretch far beyond these shores. They are called Mind Sports International, a subsidiary of Living it Loving it Ltd, and their aim is to harness modern technologies like web TV and live streaming to tournaments involving chess,
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And imagine, in the mornings, from a play-pen of our own, We could all be thumbing noses at the young, Jeering from the safety-screen afforded by a fence, Pulling faces with a wiggle of the tongue.
2
DOWN 1 They are building a sports centre in a sports this centre townin this near 1 They are building (6)(6) town Potterne near Potterne 2 After Oscar left Charlie from 2 After Oscar left Charlie Creacombe she from wasCreacombe so upset – she was so upset – I went giveaher a I went round toround givetoher big big hug (7) (7) hug 3 I spent four hours driving 3 I spent four hours driving around trying to around trying to find this village find this village near St Erme (7) near St Erme (7) 5 Last I left 5 Last week Iweek left Huntley andHuntley travelled toand a a place– just outside place travelled just outsideto of Exmoor I'm the sort of ofwho Exmoor – onI'm person likes to go longthe walkssort (5) of person who likes to go on long 6 I saw a woolly walks (5)animal running around by the of a lake just outside of Latcham (5) 6 side I saw a woolly animal running around by the side of a lake 7 Thejust last time Henryof from Tehidy had outside Latcham (5)a make-over, he took on the style that was 7 The last time Henry from Tehidy popular with hippies in the late 1960s! (3-3) had a make-over, he took on that was new popular 8 My the fatherstyle has the loveliest place –with it's hippies in the near Kingsteignton (11) late 1960s! (3-3) 8 My father has the loveliest new 14 To place observe–anit's astronomical event, Elsie near Kingsteignton and Penny (11) are off to a place in West Cornwall they gatheran to watch it (7) 14 where To observe astronomical event, Elsie and Penny are off 15 I take to this rightCornwall on the to my a dogs place in place West outskirts of Upton for a run around – the where gather land is actuallythey part of a manorto (7) watch it (7) 15This I take my Stdogs to athis place 16 place near Allen has central right on ofallUpton supermarket thatthe has outskirts trees growing forit (2,4) a run around – the land is around actually part of a manor (7) 17 of this church on the of 16Part This place near Stoutskirts Allen has a Totnes has got very dilapidated (6)that has central supermarket trees growing all around it (2,4) 19 These Devon settlers were looking for a 17 Part of this church on the place for a fresh start (5) outskirts of Totnes has got very dilapidated (6) around the fen at 20 There's seven dwellings 19bottom These Devon settlers were the of this valley, not far looking for a place for a fresh start (5) 20 There's seven dwellings around the fen at the bottom of this valley, not far from Boduan in Wales (5) DOWN
Solutions on Page 56 WCL-E01-S2
Stars Claire Petulengro
cryptic crossword Cryptic ACROSS
Crossword
ACROSS DOWN 8 Convinced it’s inevitable (7) 9 A fat insect? (9) 8 Convinced its one’s seat 1 (5)Period in which the 13 Revolted, had left 14 Move inevitable the teeniest (7) bit (5) main issue appears 15 Best when (7) 9 satisfied A fat insect? (9) they fall sharply (6) 16 Suppress the had antileft- anti is2wrong 13 Revolted, Level(7) with the post 17 A quarrel when ones seat (5) you take the new (8) car for a drive (3-2) 14 Move the teeniest bit 3 Where you had a try18 Something you wear because you’ve (5) it? (5) ing time while shopalways worn 15 happy Best satisfied 20 Not about,when we gave the ping? chop(7,4) to (5) theyrushed, fall sharply 4 (6) Its true the aunt 22 Off one to (7) the police 16 language Suppress the anti - be Frenchpassed 23 The could (6) away at nine25 Drawing box with (7) (9) anti isa wrong (7) a hole in it ty-nine 27 Play part when of the (7) to hang on 17 the A quarrel youharbourman 5 Its wrong 30 He’s on takethe thewatch new carfor for athe Second to someones pay (7) Coming drive (6) (3-2) 6 Emphasised that it 31 Show a film about partition? (6) 18 Something you wear been published 32 Has Dante heartlessly put intohad the because youve (7,3) inferno (5) it? (5)(5) 7 For 15, the top of 35 Couldalways be Mrworn Right 20 Not happy about, we nothing the tree (4) 36 Declaim, though having to complain about gave(5) the chop to (5) 10 Jokes that create rifts 37 Why don’t remember 22 we Off one rushed, to the the men (6) who struggledpolice in Asia? (7) (6) 11 For the present, hav39 A23 fight inlanguage the carcould ahead (7) ing electricity (7) The 41 Tea at home, or one of the many be French (6) 12 Try to get the rent restaurants? (5) Drawing a box with in a textile together, but its a 42 A25 well-known name (5) hole inmakes it (7) a surprise start pain!to(6)a 43 Plan that 27game Play the 19 He robs from the ship rough (9) part of the harbourman (7)“America Atas well (7) (7) 44 Reading through Large” 30 Hes on the watch for 21 Wont bother about DOWNthe Second Coming the hat stand with (6) shelves (7) 1 Period in which the main issue appears 31 Show a film about 24 Does it spray(6) ink all 2 Level with the post (8) partition? (6) over the place? (8,3) 3 Where you had a trying time while shop32(7,4) Has Dante heartlessly 26 Averted ones gaze ping? putthe intoaunt the inferno from, when refused 4 It’s true passed away at (5) (9) admittance (6,4) ninety- nine Couldtobehang Mr Right 28 Whenpay the cars 5 It’s35 wrong on(5) to someone’s (7) 6 Emphasised it had 36 Declaim,that though hav- been crashed, got bad published ing(7,3) nothing to comchest abrasions (9) 7 For “15”, top(5)of the tree29 (4) Leaves out the R in plainthe about 10 Jokes thatwecreate rifts (6) 37 Why dont rememdivers (7) 11 For the present, having electricity (7) ber the men who 30 Leave the TV 12 Try to get the rent together, but it’s a unplugged (3,3) pain! (6) struggled in Asia? (7) 39robs A fight in the carship as well 32 Distributes about a 19 He from the (7) (7) about the hat stand thousand 21 Won’tahead bother with(5,3) shelves 41 (7) Tea at home, or one 33 Has been worried, 24 Does it all over the place? (8,3) of spray the manyink restauyou know, and agitat26 Averted one’s rants? (5) gaze from, whenedrefused (6) admittance (6,4) name in 42 A well-known 34 Gosh! A mug for the 28 When the cars crashed, got bad chest textile (5) drink! (7) abrasions (9) 43 Plan makes Yell Be off! grabbing 29 Leaves outthat the R ina “diver38 s” (7) to a 30 Leavesurprise the TVstart unplugged (3,3) the key (6) rough game (9) a thousand 40 Spoil 32 Distributes about (5,3) a table (4 44 been Reading through you know, and 33 Has worried, agitated America (6) At Large 34 Gosh!(7) A mug for the drink! (7) 38 Yell “Be off !” grabbing the key (6) 40 Spoil a table (4)
1
22
21
Favours have not been appreciated but the time will come when they can pay you back, so try not to kick up too much of a stink. New relationships hit the next level and life feels good again. Finally you’re back in the driving seat. Ring now to reveal your true calling.
19
Time spent with those from your past can tie up loose ends and help you to work out what people really mean to you. Be nice to those you meet in work. Rumour are likely to be unfounded, so do not act upon them. Call to hear what should be important.
23 24
29
31
Emotional ties keep you in a friendship which ran its course a long time ago but take a stand. Better suited friends and perhaps even lovers come into your life from Thursday. Ring to hear about your future.
32
33
Many of your sign are infatuated with someone who has shown you that life does not have to be mundane. Just make sure it’s the real you they’re getting to know. Call now to better understand family who are acting so strangely.
34 36
40
39
Saturn, the planet of structure, helps you to work out where your career needs to head in order to get the most from it. The Sun casts you in an attractive light. Just beware of attached signs playing games. Ring now to hear why it’s worth putting in overtime.
38
43
44
Overseas links are well starred and you have the backing of the stars to ensure a trip goes smoothly. Don’t accuse close ones of things they haven’t done. Act only on what you see and not what you hear. Ring to hear what Mars is waiting to give you.
quick Quickcrossword Crossword ACROSS ACROSS
DOWN
8 Caretaker (7) 89Caretaker (7) Arrogant (9) 913Arrogant (9) (5) Indian language 13 (5) 14 Indian Period language of darkness (5) 15 Period Live together (7) 14 of darkness (5) 16 Live Eat (7) 15 together (7) 17 Eat Oily(7) fruit (5) 16 18 Oily Allude (5) (5) 17 20 Unit fruit of weight (5) 18 (5)(6) 22Allude Very dirty 20 23Unit Pangof(6)weight (5) 22 25Very Scorndirty (7) (6) 27Pang Worship 23 (6) (7) 30Scorn Monarchs 25 (7) son (6) 31 Worship Academy (7) Awards (6) 27 32 Musical drama (5) 30 M o n a rch ’s 35 Inexpensive son (5) (6) 31 36Academy Weak (5) Awards (6) 32 37Musical Planet (7)drama (5) 35 39Inexpensive Small bet (7) (5) 41 Weak Big (5)(5) 36 42Planet Playground 37 (7) item (5) 43Small Relevant 39 bet(9) (7) 44 Issue (7) 41 Big (5) 42 Playground item (5) 43 Relevant (9) 44 Issue (7)
1 Big gun (6) gun(8) (6) 2 1 Big Derision 3 2 Derision Forgery (11)(8) 4 3 Forgery Two weeks(11) (9) 5 4 Two Spikes of ice (7) weeks (9) 6 5 Spikes Orderly retreat of ice(10) (7) 7 6 Orderly Pavementretreat edge (4) (10) 107 Pavement Young birds (6) 11 Base (7) edge (4) Youngofbirds (6) 1210 Deprive food (6) Base (7) (7) 1911 Adroitness Deprive 2112 Opening (7)of food (6) 2419 Miscellaneous Adroitness items (7) (4,3,4) 2621 Behead (10)(7) Opening 2824 Attacker (9) Miscellaneous items (4,3,4) 29 Duck (7) 26 Behead (10) 30 Appease (6) Attacker 3228 Reverse (8) (9) Duck (7) 3329 Requite (6) Appease 3430 Insult (7) (6) 3832 Concord (6)(8) Reverse 4033 Second-hand Requite (6)(4) 34 Insult (7) 38 Concord (6) 40 Second-hand (4)
DOWN
You’re running out of patience with a close one who has taken advantage. Listen, don’t talk this week. New faces bring an attraction you haven’t felt in years and life gets interesting again. Ring now to hear how your career is in for a massive boost. Silly mistakes are likely at work. New ways to get on with those you have to work with make your life an easier place to be. Tests or exams taken now go better than you’d dreamed. Call now to hear how Saturn can finally give sense and clarity. The chance to go somewhere new is just what the doctor ordered, it should turn out to be just the tonic after a very stressful few weeks. Instant attractions bring smiles and tears if you don’t take things slowly. I can see we have much we need to talk about. Your element of earth is making it hard for you to adapt to recent changes. You’ve had more than your fair share to deal with but delegating ‘that’ problem can ease most of your problems. Venus sees you laying your heart on the line. Ring now.
Solutions on Page 56
scribble pad
You find yourself saying the first thing which comes into your mind. At least you’ll be saying how you feel. Travel you make in the name of a relationship brings good news. Give me a ring to hear how property changes work in your favour this month. You’ve come through so much this year, but I don’t think you’ve stopped and given yourself any gratitude. If you don’t make some time for yourself then others won’t value you either. Ring now to hear why it’s worth sticking to family and friends’ arrangements.
WCL-E01-S2
SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013 WEST COUNTRY LIFE 55
Puzzles
Can you name and locate these five wellknown West Country landmarks? Solutions to the right.
PICTURE: PETER YOUNG
Crossword solutions West
Across: 1 Wreath, 4 Chalet, 9 Rabbi, 10 Oakdale, 11 Ova, 12 Peter Tavy, 13 Kennerleigh, 18 Thornhill, 21 One, 22 Restful, 23 Pinot, 24 Eating, 25 Pewsey Down 1 Worton, 2 Embrace, 3 Trispen, 5 Hiker, 6 Llama, 7 Tie-dye, 8 Fosterville, 14 Eclipse, 15 Grounds, 16 St Erme, 17 Vestry, 19 Onset, 20 Nefyn
5
PICTURE: KEVIN BATES
PICTURE: STEVE KEMP
1 The Grenadier Quarterjack on St Cuthburga’s minster at Wimborne, Dorset. 2 Tea Rooms at Birnbeck Pier, Weston-super-Mare. 3 Sellack Bridge across the Wye in Herefordshire. 4 Statue by Mark Foster in Southgate, Bath. 5 The chimney on Trooper’s HIll, Bristol. 6 Standing stones at Avebury, Wiltshire.
3
2 Cryptic
Across: 8, Certain 9, Butterfly 13, Risen 14, Touch 15, Plum-met 16, Con-tain 17, Run-in 18, Habit 20, Sa-we-d 22, Ran-CID 23, (French) Polish 25, Cart-O-on 27, Port-Ray 30, S-entry 31, Screen 32, Ha-D(ant)e-s 35, Title 36, O-rate 37, A-mne-sia 39, For-war-d 41, Cha-in 42, Serge 43, Strat-agem 44, Per-USA-L Down: 1, Sea-son 2, Standard 3, Fitting room 4, Authent-IC 5, Sti-pend 6, Brought out 7, Plum(met) 10, Cracks 11, Current 12, Stitch 19, Brig-and 21, W-hat-not 24, Fountain pen 26, Turned away 28, Scra-tches 29, Seve-R-al 30, Set off 32, Hands out 33, Sha-ken 34, Cor-dial 38, Scr-E-am 40, Rot-a
Quick
Across: 8, Janitor 9, Conceited 13, Hindi 14, Night 15, Cohabit 16, Consume 17, Olive 18, Refer 20, Stone 22, Filthy 23, Twinge 25, Disdain 27, Idolise 30, Prince 31, Oscars 32, Opera 35, Cheap 36, Frail 37, Neptune 39, Flutter 41, Large 42, Swing 43, Pertinent 44, Edition Down: 1, Cannon 2, Ridicule 3, Counterfeit 4, Fortnight 5, Icicles 6, Withdrawal 7, Kerb 10, Chicks 11, Ignoble 12, Starve 19, Finesse 21, Orifice 24, Odds and ends 26, Decapitate 28, Assailant 29, Mallard 30, Pacify 32, Opposite 33, Avenge 34, Affront 38, Unison 40, Used
56 WEST COUNTRY LIFE SATURDAY NOVEMBER 2 2013
WCL-E01-S2
| i don't know |
Between 1867 and 1914 wjat title was given to the viceroy of Egypt? | khedive - definition and meaning
khedive
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
n. One of several Turkish viceroys ruling Egypt from 1867 to 1914.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
n. A form of Turkish viceroy who ruled Egypt in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
n. A governor or viceroy; -- a title granted in 1867 by the sultan of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
n. The title of the viceroy of Egypt, assumed by Ismail Pasha in 1867, under a convention with his suzerain the Sultan of Turkey: an agreement made between them in 1866 had established for the first time hereditary succession in his family.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
n. one of the Turkish viceroys who ruled Egypt between 1867 and 1914
Etymologies
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
French khédive, from Turkish hidiv, from Persian khidēw, lord, from Middle Persian khwadāy, from Old Iranian khvadāta-; see s(w)e- in Indo-European roots.
Examples
In 1871, however, Baker claimed Gondokoro for the khedive of Egypt, and this gesture set off what became known as the "Scramble for Africa," with the European powers vying for resource-rich lands.
| Khedive |
In which decade did British Rail scrap third class travel? | PASHA, Ismail - napoleon.org
PASHA, Ismail
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Ismail Pasha (Association du Souvenir de Ferdinand de Lesseps et du Canal de Suez)
Viceroy of Egypt, son of Ibrahim Pasha, born in Cairo in 1830. Sent to France to complete his education, he followed a course of study at the École d'état-major, at the same time as his elder brother, Ahmet Rifaat, and returned to Egypt in 1849.
Some years later, Ismail travelled to Constantinople, where he received the title of Pasha. As long as viceroy Abbas Pasha was still alive, he stayed among the opposition ranks, which made up the so-called party of princes, and remained hostile to the system of government in place at the time.
Following the succession of his uncle, Said Pasha, a leader with extremely progressive ideas (1834), Ismail travelled to France on a mission, coming home via Italy, where he stopped in Rome to present to the Pope, on behalf of the viceroy, a series of magnificent gifts.
On his return to Egypt, he became a member of the state council, and was given charge of the government while Said was away visiting Asia and Europe in 1861. In the same year, he was placed at the head of a body of 14,000 men, a force he used to quell the insurrection launched by the Sudan border tribes. When Said Pasha died in 1863, he was succeeded by Ismail.
The reign of the prince had up until now been marked by few events of any great distinction. Following his succession, Egypt's cotton trade saw significant growth and soon became one of the country's main sources of income. Ismail Pasha, at England's instigation, proved considerably less favourable to the grand project to pierce the Isthmus of Suez than his predecessor, who had done nothing but encourage and promote the idea.
Following negotiations between him and M. de Lesseps , the colossal enterprise came to a halt for a short time and was in danger of being stopped altogether; however, a ruling by the head of the French government allowed the outstanding difficulties to be solved in 1864, and work was completed in full.
Shortly afterwards, Ismail, actively supported by his minister Nubar Pasha, introduced wide-ranging reforms in the political organisation of the country.
In May 1868, he obtained from the Sultan the amendment of the law governing transmission to the throne, which was now to take place by direct line; in December of the same year he formed a kind of parliament responsible for issues relating to tax, reforms in the legal system, irrigation and a wide range of administrative matters, as well as seeking, at the same time, to introduce the municipal system in Alexandria.
On 8 June 1867, Ismail received from the sultan, in place of viceroy, the title of Khedive, and the right to govern, without recourse to approval by Turkey, all matters concerning Egypt's internal administration and police force. In exchange for these concessions, he had to provide Turkey with a contingent to suppress the Cretan uprising. Completely free to act in his country as he deemed fit, he engaged in a policy of introducing western civilisation to Egypt, taking on French customs and founding a theatre in Cairo, he sought to promote learning, he embarked on negotiations with the courts of Europe with the aim of reforming consular jurisdictions in accordance with the capitulation treaties signed between the East and Europe, dispatched a representative to the monetary conference in Paris, etc.
In 1867, he travelled to France to visit the Universal Exhibition where he appeared in great splendour. When the work of building the Suez Canal was completed, he signed an agreement with the Company modifying certain clauses in the original treaty, notably the one conceding the customs franchise, and resolved to make the inauguration of the canal an occasion of solemn splendour.
To this end he personally visited the principle courts of Europe in May and June 1869 to invite the monarchs to attend the ceremony. However, as a result of the tour, throughout which he was received with much splendour and royal pomp, Turkey was greatly displeased, seeing in the Khedive's behaviour an attack on its sovereignty. Much irritated, the sultan had his grand vizier dispatch threatening missals to Ismail criticising him for having engaged in negotiations with the courts of Europe, for incurring crippling expenses to the detriment of his people, for purchasing warships, highly sophisticated weapons, etc., and threatened to depose him if he failed to come within the scope of the imperial firmans.
For a short time, it seemed that war might break out, but the conflict soon eased and Ismail was able to carry out the solemn inauguration of the Suez Canal on 20 November 1869. At the beginning of the following year, he agreed, so as to avoid a break with Turkey, to deliver to it his armoured frigates and weapons in return for 13 million. Since this time, the viceroy has been in dispute, which has not yet been settled, with the Suez Canal Company. In 1872, he sent a military expedition to Abyssinia.
Unable to find a solution to rising foreign debt, Ismail was obliged to sell his shares in the Suez Canal company to England. In response, European countries imposed a Franco-British financial control on Ismail. At the time of the nationalist crisis set in train by Arabi Pasha, the Khedive tried to regain his independence. He was deposed by the sultan following a request from London and Paris on 25 June 1879. Ismail withdrew to Istanbul where he died in 1895.
| i don't know |
Which horse won the 2014 Grand National? | Grand National 2014: horse-by-horse guide to all 40 runners | Sport | The Guardian
Grand National 2014
Grand National 2014: horse-by-horse guide to all 40 runners
Tidal Bay, trying to be the oldest winner for 90 years, heads the field for the world's most famous race at Aintree on Saturday
Friday 4 April 2014 07.47 EDT
First published on Friday 4 April 2014 07.47 EDT
Close
Tidal Bay
A top-class steeplechaser and really likable but he's 13, older than any winner since 1923, and he hasn't won over fences since the end of 2012. Despite that, he's got more weight to carry than any National winner in the 40 years since Red Rum's second victory. He's a smasher but hard to fancy for this.
Long Run
Beat Denman and Kauto Star to win the Gold Cup but that was three years ago and he's looked regressive. He probably has the stamina for this but, even with the stuffing taken out of the fences, there is potential for his jumping to let him down here and he has a lot of weight to shoulder.
Hunt Ball
There are good prizes to be won with Hunt Ball but he probably doesn't have the stamina for this and, even judged on the very best of his achievements, he has a lot of weight to carry. Plus he likes fast ground, which he won't get
Triolo D'Alene
Looked the right sort when winning the Hennessy in November but no Hennessy winner has ever won the National, largely because they get lumbered with so much weight. Triolo has 11-6 and only one National winner in the past 37 years has carried as much. His stamina is doubtful and he had a hard race just three weeks ago when beaten in the Gold Cup.
Rocky Creek
Was second to Triolo D'Alene in the Hennessy and weighted to beat him this time. He looks the stouter stayer of the two. You could worry about his lack of experience - he's only had seven runs over fences and his wins over fences have come against small fields. He'll probably run well but must be vulnerable to something with less weight.
Quito De La Roque
Was a star novice chaser but that was three years ago and he's been regressive. There's quality in there somewhere and perhaps Aintree will spark something inside him but it really needs to. When talent has been buried for this long, it tends to stay buried.
Colbert Station
Was well fancied for last year's National, when his inexperience let him down and he unseated Tony McCoy at The Chair. He's not much more experienced now and fell last time out, so you could worry that jumping may be an issue again, plus his recent form has been nowhere near as good as it was last year. But he has the talent if things fall right.
Walkon
Took well to these fences when second in a different race last April. Has a touch of class about him but stamina is a serious concern because, whenever he's tried three miles or further, the petrol has seemed to run out.
Balthazar King
Has become a Cheltenham specialist and the suspicion is that he is often helped by the dry, fast going they often get there. For safety reasons, the ground is never allowed to dry out to the same extent at Aintree and that makes life hard for this frontrunner, who faded from Becher's last year and may well do something similar.
Wayward Prince
You might give him a squeak on the pick of his form but he has repeatedly failed by wide margins in handicaps and this would be the toughest such race that he's encountered. His stamina for this test can't be relied upon either.
Mr Moonshine
Was pulled up in last year's Grand National , having got tired from the second Canal Turn and the question is why he should do any better this time with an extra 10lb to carry. His two wins this year were over much shorter trips and in much smaller fields. He has yet to show the kind of stamina or toughness needed for this.
Teaforthree
He might be perfect for the Grand National if they had to do five miles but, as it is, he's a bit on the ploddy side, as we saw when he was left trailing on the run-in last year. That was still a good run, and he's slightly lower in the weights this time and his form remains good. Granted a bit of luck, he could be the right horse for this, though his odds are really a bit short, considering he's won nothing for two years.
Across The Bay
Used to win his races from the front but it's very hard to win a National that way, as he found out when fading into 14th last year. Fascinatingly, a change of tactics seemed to work for him when he was held up and then won at Haydock over Christmas. He has some quality about him, so he could be in the mix if his new conservative tactics help him to see out his marathon.
Double Seven
He took an age to win over fences but then put together a string of successes last summer, building to the Munster National, in which he beat a horse that then won at the Cheltenham Festival. He's still fairly treated, has some class and probably has the stamina for this, so he has a fine chance.
Battle Group
He's been a great horse for the spring Festivals, twice running well at Cheltenham and winning three different races at the Grand National meeting over the past three years. This is another step up and he's a stone higher in the weights than he was last year but he may well be in peak form again for his favourite time of year and he can run well.
Buckers Bridge
A Grade Two winner over fences, so he has some quality and he ran pretty well last time when third to On His Own, the horse that nearly won the Gold Cup. He was beaten a fair way but was giving the winner 5lb. His stamina probably won't stretch this far and he's run poorly on the two occasions when he's been tried in big fields.
Lion Na Bearnai
Won the Irish National at 33-1 a couple of years ago, which makes him the right sort of horse for this, though he seemed to be found out on a couple of visits to England for tough handicaps last season. His stable was under a cloud for most of that winter, which is a possible excuse. He's still high in the weights, having won a small race at Fairyhouse in February. Probably just lacks the necessary quality but he's shocked us before.
Prince De Beauchene
Has been strongly fancied for the past two Nationals until being ruled out days beforehand, both times by stress fractures to his hip. It looks as though he'll be able to take part this time but the question is how much ability he retains because his recent form has been moderate and he's still high in the weights. Do you really believe this horse is about to return to the level he set two years ago?
Monbeg Dude
Has won three high-value races of this type, handicap chases over marathon trips, and on a variety of ground. This is tougher again but he is equipped to cope in a way that few of his rivals are. He's almost certainly going to be held up, so he'll need a bit of luck with his run through horses on the second circuit but if he gets that, he should get into the argument.
Big Shu
It's hard to get a grip on how good this horse is because he's never taken part in a conventional steeplechase, his career has been in hunter chases and cross-country races. But his form in two handicaps at the Cheltenham Festival suggests he belongs in this company and he certainly has the stamina, having won over four miles on heavy under 12st 3lb at Punchestown last year.
Burton Port
The concern with him is that he missed last season with a tendon injury and hasn't looked the same horse since. But as soon as the weights were fixed for this race, he ran his most encouraging race for years. His weight has tumbled and he's very fairly treated if that last run wasn't just a flash in the pan but it's four years since he last won a race. Wears a tongue tie for the first time.
Our Father
Built a big reputation on limited signs of promise but has become a serial disappointment with too many obvious limitations to make him attractive for a test like this, even at a big price. He used to go well when fresh but even that didn't hold up this season, when he was a well beaten favourite in the Hennessy. His jumping let him down last time and I don't think he wants to go this far. Untempting.
Mountainous
He's next to unbeatable on heavy going, as when he won the Welsh National in December. He won't get that here but he will appreciate the extreme stamina test and there should be some give in the ground. But he is on a career high mark and must be vulnerable to anything with a modicum of pace.
The Rainbow Hunter
Supposedly unlucky last year when his jockey is said to have been knocked off at the Canal Turn, though the form book says he hit the fence and it's not clear from the video what happened. But his two best bits of form give him a real chance and he seems to have been helped by a wind operation before his last run. I'm not convinced he has the stamina but he would be dangerous if he did.
Vintage Star
He was a fair sixth in the Welsh National but his two wins over fences have been modest affairs and his overall form doesn't entitle him to get involved in a race as good as this. His stamina is open to question and his jumping let him down last time when he was a faller at the Cheltenham Festival.
Chance Du Roy
Has twice run well in shorter races over these fences and you have to like that. He won the Becher Chase here in December and there's a chance he might have the stamina for this on that evidence though I don't think he had much left at the finish. He's been well beaten twice since and I suspect we might have seen the best of him for this season.
Hawkes Point
Was only beaten a head in the Welsh National by Mountainous, proving his stamina. But quality is another question and there's a risk he'll be left behind if the ground isn't as saturated as it was in Wales. His only success over fences was a novice chase in which he beat three finishers and he had Ruby Walsh aboard to help him that day.
Kruzhlinin
Four wins from 12 is a fair strike-rate over fences but his wins have been in smallish fields at Kelso and Carlisle, giving him a lot to prove in this company. When he's been tried in better races, at the Cheltenham Festival or in the Great Yorkshire Chase, he has been found wanting.
Pineau De Re
A fascinating reclamation project, he lost his form for his old stable in Ireland and was sold last summer to an English trainer with a good reputation for reviving horses. Judged on this horse's two most recent starts, he's done a terrific job and it's easy to see this one running a big race, though he did fall when tried over these fences in December.
Golan Way
Has shown some of his old spark for a new trainer after a year off the track but even at his peak, he hasn't looked good enough for this and his stamina is questionable for a quality race at this distance.
Twirling Magnet
He looked useful winning a novice chase at Cheltenham in October but has been shown up a bit in a couple of good handicaps since then. He probably needs a faster surface than he's going to get but his trainer has a tremendous record with staying chasers.
Vesper Bell
It's probably a mistake for us all to be ignoring a horse from the stable of Willie Mullins but, even at 100-1, I struggle to find this one tempting. His only success over fences was in a beginners chase when he beat three finishers and he's been comfortably held in better quality races. His jumping has let him down twice in his past three starts, including once over these fences.
The Package
Hasn't won as many races as he should have done but has lots of ability and is the right kind of horse for this. I think his stamina will hold up but he will need luck in running because he will be held up to make late progress through the field. He has a chance if everything falls right. Wears cheekpieces for the first time.
Raz De Maree
Won the Munster National and then the Cork National in autumn 2012 and on that form he'd be interesting but he then missed a year through a supposedly minor injury and his form hasn't been the same since. There may be excuses but he would need a lifetime best to figure in the finish and that seems a lot to ask. Wears a visor for the first time.
Rose Of The Moon
I like his trainer, who gets horses fit, but this one looks right up against it. He's only had two runs over fences since leaving novice company and he won a small race last time but he struggled round here in the Becher in December and it's not clear that he wants this kind of stamina test. His jumping can be a problem, too. Wears cheekpieces for the first time.
Shakalakaboomboom
Ran a great race two years ago, when he led over the second-last but then ran out of puff. He'd done too much too soon, attacked the course with too much verve. Had he raced more conservatively, he might have won. He's 9lb lower this time but the worry is that he missed 21 months with a leg injury and has not looked the same horse since. Even if he was as good as ever, his stamina may give out like the last time. An interesting outsider for each-way purposes. Wears cheekpieces for the first time.
Alvarado
Won a long-distance handicap at Cheltenham in November, form that gives him half a chance. He often makes mistakes and has even refused a couple of times, which is off-putting, and he might be the kind of horse that peaks each autumn. Not wildly tempting but the trainer and the jockey are the type to win this race.
Last Time D'Albain
It's more than two years since his only win over fences, over a distance two miles short of this race, at a time when he was rated two stone lower than he is now. You can make some sort of case for him, because he was third in a shorter race over these fences last spring, but I don't think his stamina can hold up.
One In A Milan
This will be just his seventh start over fences and his only win was in a novice race early last year against two rivals. Still, he's been third in a Midlands National and fourth in a Welsh National, so he has stamina. He probably lacks the necessary quality, though, and he might get left behind if there isn't much rain in the build-up. Wears a visor for the first time.
Swing Bill
Has had a couple of stabs at this and not been good enough. Now he's 13 and likely to be slower than ever. Would be a most surprising winner.
| Pineau de Re |
From which language do we get the word “Slalom”? | Grand National 2016
It is illegal for anyone aged under 18 to gamble
Grand National
Welcome to your complete guide to the Aintree Grand National - an indispensable aid to finding the winner of the world's most famous and prestigious horse race.
We have tipped five of the last 12 Grand National winners, including Pineau De Re at odds of 33-1 in 2014 and Neptune Collonges at 40-1 in 2012, so be sure to check out our 2016 Grand National tips .
Ladbrokes are again paying FIVE places for each-way bets on the National instead of the usual four - which rewarded people who backed the favourite Shutthefrontdoor last year, who finished fifth. CLICK HERE to claim your 5 places with Ladbrokes.
The 2016 Crabbie's Grand National takes place on Saturday 9th April and a total of 22 races will be run during the Grand National 2016 Festival, which starts with Grand Opening Day on Thursday 7th and is followed by Ladies Day on Friday 8th, before Saturday's Grand National Day. Aintree Racecourse will host over 150,000 racegoers across the three days, while an estimated worldwide audience of 600 million people will tune in to see the Grand National live on television on Saturday.
Our site contains everything you need to know about this magical race which is one of the highlights of the sporting year. Indeed the four-and-a-half mile marathon event captures the imagination of its millions of watchers around the world, thanks to its ability to consistently produce thrilling finishes and heart-warming stories, as horse and rider try to conquer the mighty Aintree fences.
The Grand National has made the likes of Red Rum, Aldaniti, Jenny Pitman and Ginger McCain household names, whilst fences such as Becher's Brook, The Chair and the Canal Turn are equally familiar.
Indeed, given the race�s long history, it is no surprise that so many milestones have been reached and remarkable stories have unfolded. For example, no horse has run in the Grand National more times than Manifesto, who competed in eight renewals of the race between 1895 and 1904, winning twice, in 1897 and 1899, and finishing third on three other occasions.
The Aintree Grand National was first run in 1839 and Bruce Hobbs, aged 17, was the youngest winning jockey in 1938, on Battleship, the smallest horse ever to win.
Dick Saunders, aged 48, was the oldest successful rider on Grittar in 1982, his first and only Grand National ride - after which he announced his immediate retirement.
Jenny Pitman was the first woman to train a Grand National winner, capturing the race for the first time with Corbiere in 1983. She succeeded again with Royal Athlete in 1995 and finished second with Garrison Savannah in 1991. In 2009, Venetia Williams became the second woman to saddle a National winner, with Mon Mome (11 years after she had actually ridden in the race).
Plenty of the race�s most fascinating stories revolve around its fearsome obstacles. Did you know that the least number of horses to complete the race is two, in 1928: Tipperary Tim and Billy Barton (who remounted)? Likewise, in 2001, when Red Marauder beat Smarty, only four of the forty horses completed, with two of these having to be remounted.
See our Grand National History and Facts and Figures sections for more fascinating Grand National stories - charting this most famous of horse races down the years.
With history in mind, we are advocates of learning lessons from the past when trying to find the winners of the future. For example, did you know that prior to last year�s renewal, only Red Rum had managed to carry more than 11st 5lbs to victory since 1957? Many Clouds broke that sequence with his win in 2015 under a welter burden of 11st 9lbs.
Just as noteworthy is the fact that no seven-year-old has won for more than 70 years and we have to go back to 1915 to find the last successful six-year-old. In fact, since 1992, only eight of the six and seven-year-olds to take their chance have even completed the course (including Cause of Causes last season and Kruzhlinin the year before that). Experience, therefore, counts in the Grand National and 17 of the last 20 winners (including 10 of the last 11) were aged either 9, 10 or 11. In that period there have also been two eight-year-old and one twelve-year-old winner, although the last teenager to win the race was over 90 years ago (Sergeant Murphy in 1923) and none have made the frame since 1969 (Hello Bud was a gallant 7th in 2013 at the grand old age of 14, whilst Tranquil Sea was also 7th last year aged 13).
For those wanting to see this magnificent event live, we have all of the information you�ll need to make the most of your visit to Aintree, including information on getting to the racecourse, ticket details, and a summary of all of the enclosures and facilities, many of which have been significantly upgraded in recent seasons.
As well as its fascinating past, Aintree�s unique course contributes to the mystique surrounding the event. The fence-building programme starts approximately three weeks before the Grand National meeting is run, with around 150 tonnes of spruce branches sourced and transported from forests in the Lake District. Each fence is made from a wooden frame and covered with the distinctive green spruce.
The Grand National course remains the ultimate test of horse and jockey. The race comprises two full circuits of a 2� mile (3,600 metres) racetrack, where challengers face some of the most testing fences in the world of jump racing including Becher�s Brook and The Chair, now two of the most well-known landmarks in the country.
Becher's Brook, the sixth fence on the first circuit, was named after Captain Martin Becher who was unseated from his mount, Conrad, and fell into the ditch when leading in the first ever Grand National in 1839. "Water tastes disgusting without the benefits of whisky" he reflected and the obstacle bore his name from that day.
When it was first run at Aintree in 1839, the race featured a solid brick wall as one of the obstacles, although that was abandoned after five years.
Ahead of the 2013 renewal, some of the fences were re-designed for safety reasons and to aid animal welfare. While all 16 fences still look the same, the heart of four obstacles has been changed. The third and 11th fences, which are open ditches, have been built using natural birch as their cores, while the 13th and 14th (which are the last two fences second time round in the National) now have plastic birch. These have replaced the traditional rigid timber frames, which had foam padding along the leading edge, but were solid. The hope is that the alternative will be more forgiving. Find out more in our Course and Fences section.
The Grand National is also one of the rare major sporting events in which amateurs still can, and do, take on professionals.
This applies to both trainers and jockeys and in the 167 running's of the Grand National it has been won on no less than 41 occasions by a horse ridden by an amateur jockey, although it's been 25 years since Marcus Armytage won in record time on Mr Frisk in 1990.
This is hardly surprising as the sport has become ever more professional and the prize money, now over �1 million under the sponsorship of Crabbie�s, has risen so dramatically that few trainers or owners will entrust potential winners to jockeys still perceived in some quarters as to be inexperienced or part-timers.
However, part of the Grand National's enduring charm is not the amateurs who succeeded, but those riders from the Corinthian ranks whose fruitless, and often hopeless, attempts to conqueror the fearsome fences that have added so much colour to the event. They have included: the Duque de Alberquerque, Tim Durant, Aidan O�Connell and Brod Munro-Wilson - a mix of playboys and men who worked as deep sea divers for six months a year and spent the other six trying to win the National. We may not see their like again, but the amateur�s long love affair with the Grand National is not over yet, proven by 2011 runner-up Oscar Time - who was ridden by amateur jockey and millionaire businessman, Sam Waley-Cohen. The same horse and jockey were also an admirable fourth in 2014 (before going on to win the Becher Chase that December) and 15th last year.
© Where To Bet Ltd 2004-16 (contact us: [email protected])
| i don't know |
The adjective “pavanine” refers to which kind of birds? | Pavonine | Define Pavonine at Dictionary.com
pavonine
[pav-uh-nahyn, -nin] /ˈpæv əˌnaɪn, -nɪn/
Spell
of or like a peacock.
2.
resembling the feathers of a peacock, as in coloring.
Origin of pavonine
1650-60; < Latin pāvōnīnus, derivative of pāvō (stem pāvōn-) peacock ; see -ine 1
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Examples from the Web for pavonine
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Historical Examples
British Dictionary definitions for pavonine
Expand
of or resembling a peacock or the colours, design, or iridescence of a peacock's tail
Word Origin
C17: from Latin pāvōnīnus, from pāvō peacock
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
| Peafowl |
The bane of Stan Butler’s life, who played the officious Inspector “Blakey” in the TV sitcom “On the Buses”? | Animal Adjectives
Animal Adjectives
By Maeve Maddox
Most writers are familiar with the animal adjectives canine and feline used to refer to dogs and cats, but they may not be aware of numerous others they could use in writing about both animals and people.
Here are some examples that use leonine, taurine, bovine, and feline:
Concluding with remarks about Toscanini’s technique, Saminsky again contrasted his “leonine manner” with Nikisch’s “carefully restrained movements…” –Toscanini in Britain, Christopher Dyment, p. 18.
Porta … asserts, that such men resemble bulls in anger, as is expressed by the wide nostrils; and, in the strength expressed by the dense neck. I have… seen many stout athletic men with taurine aspects, and have always observed such to have taurine dispositions likewise. –“History of Physiognomy,” The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, Vol. 69, Part 1, 1799.
He was a plump little guy with thinning gray hair over a pink scalp, big brown bovine eyes and dewlaps hanging on either side of his chin. —Peril is My Pay, Stephen Marlowe.
Although it was rare for Bat to be clearly depicted in painting or sculpture, some notable artifacts […] include depictions of the goddess in bovine form. –”Bat (goddess),” Wikipedia.
eartha kitt: the feline femme fatale –headline, Marie Claire, online magazine. (The original headline is all in lowercase.)
Here’s a list of animals with their corresponding adjectives.
ant: formicine
wolf: lupine
viper: viperine
In addition to using animal adjectives literally and figuratively to describe animals and people, writers can build character names from them. For example, one of the characters in the novel Quo Vadis by Henryk Sienkiewicz is a huge, bearlike servant named Ursus. A character called Corvin could have something to do with death; Pavonna could suggest beauty and pride, and Vespicia could be a sharp-tongued woman.
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15 Responses to “Animal Adjectives”
Dale A. Wood
on February 14, 2014 11:17 am
When I was a schoolboy and younger, I was a firstborn child, and I had but one cousin older than me, too. So, I wasn’t around older children very much.
I had a neighbor boy, Marty, who was my age and a close friend. Marty had and older brother and an older sister, and no younger siblings. One time when Marty was angry at his brother and sister, he yelled at them “GO WITH THE PACHYDERMS TO THE ZOO !”
(My friend was known for having a sharp tongue at times.)
Of course, I was mystified because I didn’t even know what a pachyderm was. It was some years later that I learned that a pachyderm is from the group of animals that includes elephants, rhinos, hippopotami, and maybe giraffes, camels, bison, and zebras, too. Except for the elephant, their characteristics in common include being big and dumb!
So, what is the appropriate adjective? pachydermish? pachydermlike?
thebluebird11
on February 14, 2014 3:21 pm
Thanks, Maeve, for the great list, definitely has words I have never heard of (e.g. for tortoise, seal, peacock). Nice vocab lesson although many will not be useful for Scrabble LOL
I’m sure there are more where these came from, but I will just add bee/apian. TGIF 🙂
venqax
on February 14, 2014 4:29 pm
I’ll add hircine– like a goat. This one comes in very handy quite a bit, actually. I once wrote an article describing a certain politician’s hircine behavior and it at least got me some style points. Didn’t bother him a tad.
Nicholas Wilde
on February 14, 2014 5:31 pm
For the “peacock: pavonine” entry, does it only refer to the male bird, or should it actually be “peafowl: pavonine”?
thebluebird11
on February 14, 2014 6:02 pm
@DAW: I would say the appropriate adjective would be found in Maeve’s list, elephantine. If you don’t like that one, use one of the ones you made up…nobody will stop you. I can also suggest pachydermal.
@venqax: Exactly how many style points are these things worth and can I cash in points for, let’s say, a nice X3? Inquiring minds want to know 😉
Mock_Turtle
on February 14, 2014 6:10 pm
Loved this post, my husband and I had only recently discussed just such adjectives. Would add ‘simian’ (monkey-like).
venqax
on February 14, 2014 7:23 pm
@bluebird: 3. 3 points. And if it’s like my airline rewards system, you’d need approximately 6000 points to get a “free” ticket somewhere. One-way.
@DAW: bluebird is right. And pachyderm is an obsolete classification nowdays, anyway. Did you know it means, “thick skinned”? I thought the word referred to one of those nicotine stickers to help quit smoking but it turns out that’s a dermapatchy. Language is dang tricky!
thebluebird11
on February 14, 2014 7:43 pm
@venqax: Oh well. Maybe if I add my style points, the airline miles from every trip I have ever taken, all the customer appreciation points from every restaurant in which I’ve ever eaten and every website from which I’ve ever made a purchase, AND throw in my first-born child…I might have enough for the doors off the X3. Keep on truckin’…
philip e
on February 14, 2014 8:54 pm
This is a wonderful list. Many of these adjectives I had never heard, so I opened Dictionary.com to hear pronunciation. “Cygnine” yielded no results (and my word processor just stuck a red “misspelling” line under it). Curious, I went to the OED site and searched it in British and American. No results. I think there are more than one that might produce similar results.
The adjectives all look good to me, and follow a common-sense pattern. Are the words just so rarely used (except in fiction) that nobody has noticed them? Couldn’t believe that word was not in OED. They are the top as far as I’m concerned.
Dale A. Wood
on February 15, 2014 12:54 pm
Thank you, the bluebird11: “pachydermal” is the right adjective.
I also thought of “pachydermesque”, but I didn’t like that one.
So, “pachydermal” definitely refers to rhinos, elephants, hippopotami, and maybe a few other species such as giraffes, okapis, musk oxen, Cape buffalo, and wildebeests.
Yes, I did know that “pachyderm” refers to the thickness of the skin.
Also, I think that the BALD declaration that the word “pachyderm” is obsolete is simply argumentative. Venqax, where do you get that from? For example, if a word were only found in the writings of Kipling and Hemingway, that would not make it obsolete. D.A.W.
Dale A. Wood
on February 15, 2014 1:01 pm
To thebluebird11. Thank you, but the word “elephantine” refers to being bulky, strong, and also smart.
We need a word that refers to bulky, strong, and stupid, and I think that you hit it with “pachydermal”, with my “pachydermish” coming in second place.
venqax
on February 15, 2014 5:10 pm
DAW: I didn’t say the word pachyderm was obsolete. I said the classification pachyderm is obsolete. That’s kind of what I said when I said,
“…pachyderm is an obsolete classification…”
Maybe you missed that.
Dale A. Wood
on February 21, 2014 1:29 pm
If “pachyderm is an obsolete classification”, then don’t even use the word? The contrapositive of this is:
Since the word is still in use, the the classification is not obsolete.
When my friend said “Go with the pachyderms to the zoo,” he knew what he was talking about, and I learned what it means, too.
D.A.W.
on February 23, 2014 3:27 pm
Since the word is still in use, the the classification is not obsolete.
But that is simply false. Just having a word for something doesn’t mean it is still relevant, extant, or useful in any way. The word “pachydermal” is fine. I was just pointing out the possibly unproductive nature of searching for a word that describes what is an obsolete concept (zoologically) anyway.
Anyway, your friend really said, “Go with the pachyderms to the zoo,”? That just seems like such a very odd thing to say. Do pachyderms “go” to the zoo? Aren’t they already at the zoo? Go LIVE with the pachyderms AT the zoo, maybe? Your friend might deserve a DWT post all for himself.
venqax
on February 23, 2014 3:29 pm
Sorry. Apparently self-generating, random italics, again.
| i don't know |
Which schoolboy, created by Anthony Buckeridge, attended Linbury Court School? | ANTHONY BUCKERIDGE and Jennings
ANTHONY BUCKERIDGE
& JENNINGS
Anthony Malcolm Buckeridge was born in London in June 1912, and passed away on 28th June 2004. His early education took place at Seaford College, West Sussex from where he went on to London University. He worked as a preparatory school master for a number of years, his period of service being interrupted by WW2. He spent five years in the fire service during which time he honed his writing skills, working on radio scripts. 'Jennings' featured in stories he used to relate to his pupils. These were always well received and in 1948 he submitted a script to the BBC featuring Jennings. Two years later Collins, London, published the first Jennings book. 24 further books followed. You'll find these listed below.
Just ONE page on the Collecting Books and Magazines web site based in Australia.
Page updated 23rd January, 2012.
| Jennings |
Which is the outermost layer of the atmosphere? | jennings by anthony buckeridge | Articles : Stella & Rose's Books
jennings by ant…
jennings by anthony buckeridge
"Don't quibble. You've made a frightful bish and you're about as much use as a radio-active suet pudding."
It is perhaps the inventive slang vocabulary and wordplay that give the Jennings stories of Anthony Buckeridge (1912 - 2004) their enduring appeal. This example of Jennings' reproach to his long-suffering friend Darbishire helps to transport us into an almost timeless world in which the innocence (and anxieties) of childhood are captured forever.
The origins of the Jennings stories can be traced back to the author's time as a schoolmaster at St. Lawrence College in Ramsgate, Kent . As a tutor at this preparatory school, Buckeridge would encourage his young wards with offers of stories if they did as they were told. It was not long before his supply of stories was exhausted and he began to create his own, and gradually the character of Jennings emerged as the recurrent hero of each tale. Since Buckeridge maintained that authors should write about what they know, it is not surprising that the stories he created were about life at a preparatory school. His earlier teaching career in Suffolk and Northamptonshire also provided experiences on which he would draw in the Jennings books.
After the Second World War , Buckeridge submitted a script which was accepted for transmission by Children's Hour and the first Jennings radio play, Jennings Learns the Ropes , was broadcast on 16 October, 1948. It was immediately popular and a further five stories were commissioned at once. Jennings went on to top the Children's Hour polls on several occasions.
In 1949, Buckeridge sent a batch of the radio scripts to publishers William Collins with the suggestion that they be turned into a book. The publishers agreed (not surprising with the prospect of free publicity from the popular radio series) and the first Jennings book, Jennings Goes to School , appeared in 1950. This pattern was to be repeated for subsequent Jennings books: until 1961 Buckeridge wrote the stories as radio scripts and then re-worked them into book form.
Although it is possible to discern the various episodes within each book, Buckeridge's skill as an author means that the joins are almost seamless. Shortly after Jennings Goes to School , Buckeridge gave up his teaching career to concentrate on writing.
Once the Jennings books began to appear in 1950, Buckeridge added new books at a rate of almost one a year until the early 1970s. After this time Collins decided not to issue any new books, though the author would have been happy to continue writing new stories for his schoolboy hero. In reality, television had hit the market for children's fiction and Collins believed that it was not economic to issue hardback children's stories. After a few years, the publishers relented to some extent and reissued the Jennings books in paperback format under the Armada imprint. In 1977 Jennings at Large was published in paperback, the only Jennings book to be first published in this format, and in 1980 it was reissued by Severn House publishers in a hardback edition which is now hard to find. There followed a long gap before J ennings Again was published in 1994, and That's Jennings in 1996 - the twenty-fourth and last of the Jennings stories.
In a controversial move, six of the books were re-issued by John Goodchild publishers in the mid-1980s with 'some very minor emendations'. Buckeridge himself undertook the alterations as he believed that some of the schoolboy slang of the earlier books may cause confusion. For example, 'gym shoes' became 'trainers' and 'ginger pop' became 'fizzy drinks'. Although these changes were made by the author himself, many thought that the changes diminished the charm of the stories. In the late 1980s the books were again revised by the author and reprinted as paperbacks by Macmillan.
It is not only the texts that make the Jennings books collectable - the illustrated dustwrappers also have considerable appeal. The early books had dustwrapppers illustrated by S. van Abbe , although some considered that these drawings appeared rather dated.
However, when Douglas Mays took over the illustrations in the late 1950s the spirit of Jennings and the other inhabitants of Linbury Court Preparatory School was captured with great success. Mays continued to provide the illustrations until 1970 ( The Jennings Report ) and in 1971 the well known illustrator Val Biro provided the drawings for Typically Jennings , now one of the most collectable Jennings books.
Everybody, of course, will have their own favourite Jennings episodes - Buckeridge felt that Jennings in Particular (1968) was his favourite, although he liked the last six books as he believed that he had 'got into his stride' by that point. Inevitably, Jennings' adventures stem from his tendency to act first and think later - the staff at Linbury Court are often bemused by the 'fantastic manner' in which Jennings mind seems to work:-
"I'm extremely grateful, and I withdraw the remarks I made a few moments ago." Jennings beamed. "You mean, my head doesn't need seeing to after all, Sir?" "Well - er... " Mr. Wilkins wasn't prepared to go quite as far as that.
Similarly, Jennings escapades are frequently viewed with alarm by his constant, but cautious, companion Darbishire. As yet another of Jennings '"supersonic" ideas goes spectacularly wrong, Darbishire is wont to lament "Why do these frantic hoo-hahs always pick on us to happen to?"
As an audience, we are surely grateful that they do...
Submitted by Tim.
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Which two countries are linked by the Brenner Pass? | Austria sends more police to patrol Brenner border area
Austria sends more police to patrol Brenner border area
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A car passes a street sign reading 'Austria' in the Italian village of Brenner on the Italian - Austrian boarder, March 3, 2016. REUTERS/Dominic Ebenbichler
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VIENNA (Reuters) - Austria is sending 80 more police and support staff to boost patrols around the Alpine Brenner pass and catch rising numbers of unregistered migrants coming in from Italy, Interior Minister Wolfgang Sobotka said on Sunday.
He denied the move was in any way linked to presidential elections in Austria in which a far-right candidate was deadlocked with a former leader of the leftist Greens party, with postal ballots to decide the race.
"It appears that here and there migrants are getting through at the Brenner, sometimes none, other times five, seven or 10. There is a also small number of asylum requests that pop up," Sobotka told reporters at an election event in Vienna.
"So we will step up appropriate measures in the overall Brenner area," he said.
"Thirty officials from the Tyrol area supported by 50 officers from the rest of the country will start an intensive dragnet," he added. "People are being stopped in regional trains, buses and cars."
He said illegal crossings started to increase during the Pentecost holidays following a drop after he and his Italian counterpart met at the pass late last month.
The neighbors have tried to play down tensions that flared after Austria said it might reintroduce border controls at the Brenner pass if it was necessary to curb the flow of migrants.
Both Italy and Austria are members of the European Union's Schengen open-border zone, but free movement has been jeopardized by the reimposition of controls at some key crossings by countries affected by an influx of migrants.
Any toughening of border controls at the Brenner Pass would slow traffic on an important route from Italy to Germany, Italy's top trading partner.
Hundreds of thousands of migrants fleeing war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa have crossed the Mediterranean to Italy since 2014, and Austria has said Rome must stop them from traveling on toward northern Europe.
(Reporting by Michael Shields; Editing by Tom Heneghan)
Reblog
| italy and austria |
Which Elizabethan dramatist wrote “The Alchemist”? | Italy ups migrant controls at Alpine pass to stop Austrian checks | Reuters
Fri May 13, 2016 | 12:00 PM EDT
Italy ups migrant controls at Alpine pass to stop Austrian checks
A car passes a street sign reading 'Austria' in the Italian village of Brenner on the Italian - Austrian boarder, March 3, 2016.
Reuters/Dominic Ebenbichler
By Steve Scherer and Massimiliano Di Giorgio | ROME
ROME Italy said on Friday it had deployed 110 more guards to keep migrants from traveling into Austria, after Vienna threatened to introduce tighter border controls that could have hurt trade.
Italian Interior Minister Angelino Alfano, speaking alongside his Austrian counterpart Wolfgang Sobotka at the Brenner Pass, said the extra guards would patrol the Alpine crossing point between the two countries.
Both Italy and Austria are members of the European Union's Schengen open-border zone, but Vienna said last month it would erect a fence at the border and slow traffic along the highway that crosses it if there was a surge in migrant arrivals this summer.
"Migrants who arrive here thinking to go to Austria will be taken to Italian shelters," Alfano said at the Brenner Pass in comments broadcast live by SkyTG24.
"A plan to slow traffic would have an enormous impact on trade and travelers," he added. The pass is Italy's main commercial route to Germany, its top trading partner, by way of Austria.
Alfano said Brenner controls would be similar to those already in force in Ventimiglia, where migrants are taken off trains or stopped on the road from crossing the border into France.
As of May 10, 31,250 migrants had reached Italy by boat this year, a 14 percent decline from the same period last year, according to the Interior Ministry, but authorities expect the numbers to surge this summer.
Italy's announcement appeared aimed at easing tensions after Vienna's announcement of a plan for a 370-metre fence at Brenner drew fire from Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, who said last month it was a "shameless" infraction of European rules.
"If Italy carries on acting as it has done until now, namely by carrying out controls on trains, at its interior borders and at exit points, then there is no need (for controls)," Sobotka's spokeswoman said after the two ministers met on Friday.
The fence has not been built, but preparations for future controls are still being made as a precaution, an Austrian Interior Ministry spokesman said.
In the past two years, more than 320,000 boat migrants have arrived on Italian shores, and many made their way to Northern Europe by way of the Brenner Pass.
Italy's coastguard said it helped rescue 801 migrants from two boats off western Sicily on Thursday.
The number of migrants arriving in Greece dropped 90 percent in April, the European Union border agency said on Friday, after an agreement was reached with Turkey to control the flow.
(Additional reporting by Francois Murphy in Vienna; writing by Steve Scherer; editing by Andrew Roche)
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A smuck is the collective name for a group of which aquatic creatures? | Smuck « The Word Detective
Smuck
Stop it right now.
Dear Word Detective: My daughter learned in elementary school that a group of jellyfish is called a “smuck.” This is suspiciously close to the jelly and jam company called “Smuckers.” Can you tell us if there is any relationship between these two words? — Margaret.
Suspiciously close indeed, and perhaps yet more evidence of the commercialization of childhood. On the other hand, it’s a bit hard to imagine why the Smuckers people would want their product associated in tiny minds with nasty stinging sea creatures. Children are impressionable, and names matter. I myself waited until I was thirty years old before I tried eggplant, simply because I found the name itself so repellent. But then I tried it, and discovered that I should have trusted my prejudice, because eggplant is the most revolting so-called food on the planet. Yuck. But the point is that early impressions can leave a lasting legacy of loathing. So I guess the moral of all that is that, if you’re Smuckers, don’t use a jellyfish as your mascot. And please don’t ever make eggplant jam.
Collective nouns, terms for groups of animals, people or things, are a perennial subject of questions I receive, and when I post my answers on my website at word-detective.com, the resulting discussion can become weirdly contentious. A column I posted a few years ago about “a murder of crows” has garnered 20 comments so far, several of which seem to consist of one reader snarling “Sez who?” at another. The tussle about such terms is usually over whether they are “real” terms commonly used by experts (even if in the misty past), or frivolous new inventions (such as “a brace of orthodontists” or “a disputation of lawyers”) concocted by modern chucklemongers.
As I explained at the time, many of the terms we use today, such as “a host of angels,” date back at least to the 15th century and were first documented in a compilation called The Book of St. Albans,” which was (we think) written by Dame Juliana Barnes, prior of a convent in England. The modern interest in such terms was spawned by James Lipton’s marvelous 1968 collection “An Exaltation of Larks,” which divided such terms into three categories: terms found in the 15th century collections that remain in use today (such as “an exaltation of larks” and “a string of ponies”); old terms (such as “a cast of hawks” and “a knot of toads”) that were once common but have fallen into obscurity, and, lastly, oddities from old collections of such terms. That last category offers such weirdness as “a rage of maidens” (employing “rage” in the 14th century sense of “jesting, fun; riotous or wanton behavior”) and “a cete of badgers,” which may come from the Latin “coetus,” meaning “meeting, assembly.” Lipton called such names “terms of venery” (from the Latin “venari,” to hunt), though the category is broader than merely game animals, unless there’s a hunting season for lawyers, in which case you can make up your own joke.
Since most ancient lists consisted simply of such terms defined without explanation, Lipton and other modern scholars have speculated about the origin of the term where it seems reasonable (such as with “cete”), but are, more often than not, as mystified as the rest of us, which brings us to jellyfish. Lipton lists not “smuck” but “smack” as a term for a group of jellyfish. But even “smack” in this sense is absent from the Oxford English Dictionary, so I’m going to assume that the “smack/smuck” contradiction dates back to those misty pasts and bad proofreading in the 15th century. Determining which is “real” and historically accurate won’t get us any nearer to an explanation of why in the world anyone would call a bunch of jellyfish a “smack” or a “smuck.”
And now it’s time to don my Mister Grumpy cap and fulminate. Teaching a small child that a group of jellyfish is called a “smuck” is not a good idea because it’s not really true. Today, as opposed to back in the 15th century, a group of jellyfish is called either a “bloom” or a “swarm.” In practical use you can get by with a “school” or a “bunch.” Calling such a glob of the unpleasant little critters a “smuck” is cute, but not a good way to communicate with anyone not in the mood for cuteness.
Furthermore, as long as I’m being cranky, I understand that the fact that jellyfish are not actually fish (quelle surprise!) has led some aquariums in the US to adopt the term “jellies” or “sea jellies” instead. Oh, please. Newsflash: crayfish aren’t “actually fish” either. And groundhogs aren’t really hogs, prairie dogs aren’t even close to being dogs, and woodchucks, alas, don’t actually chuck wood. Somebody needs to get a grip.
| Jellyfish |
Morton’s Tower stands at the entrance to which London palace? | National Aquarium | A Blue View: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Jellyfish
A Blue View: 10 Things You Didn’t Know About Jellyfish
Published March 25, 2015
These gelatinous animals are more fascinating than you think. To prove it to you, we’ve collected some of the coolest facts guaranteed to give you a whole new perspective on jellies:
1. Not all jellyfish emerge in the summertime.
The lion’s mane jelly is called the “winter jellyfish” for a reason. You can find these jellies in our own Chesapeake Bay in November through March.
2. A group of jellyfish is called a smack.
Other common collective names for these creatures include “bloom” and “swarm.”
3. Some jellies can glow in the dark.
For example, the comb jelly—found right here in the Chesapeake Bay—uses bioluminescence to light up when disturbed at night.
4. Jellyfish don’t have brains.
There’s not much to a jellyfish. They’re composed of three layers: an outer layer called the epidermis; a thick, elastic layer made of a jelly-like substance called mesoglea; and an inner layer called the gastrodermis.
5. Jellies have traveled to space.
Moon jellies flew aboard the space shuttle Columbia during a 1991 study on weightlessness and the development of juvenile jellyfish.
6. Jellies can be huge!
The largest recorded Lion’s mane jellyfish had tentacles reaching 120 feet in length, making it one of the longest known animals in the world!
7. Jellyfish are about 95 percent water.
In comparison, humans consist of about 65 percent water.
8. They might hold the key to immortality.
The Turritopsis dohrnii, also known as the “immortal jellyfish,” can transform itself back into a polyp—its earliest stage of life—to begin its life cycle all over again.
9. Jellies do great things!
They’re a food source for many larger animals, including fish, crustaceans and sea turtles.
10. You can touch jellies at the National Aquarium!
Living Seashore , our exhibit opening this May, will give guests the opportunity to actually touch the pulsing bell of a moon jelly in one of our two touchpools!
To learn more about these fascinating aquatic animals, listen to this week's A Blue View podcast:
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What gives 'Earl Grey Tea' its characteristic flavour? | What gives Earl Grey tea its taste? - The Boston Globe
What gives Earl Grey tea its taste?
December 20, 2010
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What in Earl Grey tea makes it taste and smell the way it does? Is the scent used only for tea?
Earl Grey is named for a British prime minister of the 1830s. The history of how he got the tea that is rather unclear, but it was probably a gift to him.
The well-known flavor and smell of Earl Grey tea come from the addition of bergamot oil. Bergamot is a type of citrus fruit, often called a bergamot orange, that is about the size of an orange, but yellow like a lemon.
The juice is more bitter than grapefruit juice, but less sour than lemon. The flavoring oil comes from the skin of the fruit, as do other citrus oils.
Most of these fruits are grown in Calabria, Italy, but there is also significant production in France and in the Ivory Coast in Africa. Interestingly, the fruits produced in these different places have different scents in their oil, due to the differences in soil composition.
Aside from its use in flavoring tea, bergamot oil has important uses in the perfume industry. It can be combined well with other fragrances, and about half of women’s perfumes and a third of men’s have bergamot oil in them.
Bergamot has some interesting chemicals in it. Some, like bergapten, can increase the skin’s sensitivity to light. If you apply bergamot oil to your skin it will act as a sort of reverse sunscreen and make it more likely that you will burn. Chemicals like bergapten were once used in “tanning accelerator’’ lotions to help make people tan faster.
What they really do is increase skin damage that can lead to skin cancer. Oddly, some skin disorders, including psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo, can be helped by a carefully controlled version of the same process, designed to treat the disease while minimizing dangerous effects.
Another interesting chemical from bergamot is bergamottin, which can interfere with the metabolism of many drugs. This substance, and similar ones, can be found in large amounts in grapefruit, which is why your doctor may tell you to avoid grapefruits and grapefruit juice with some medications.
As with bergapten, there’s actually an upside to this: Bergamottin and its relatives might be used someday to help some drugs remain in the body longer.
Ask Dr. Knowledge is written by Northeastern University physicist John Swain. E-mail questions to [email protected] .
© Copyright 2010 Globe Newspaper Company.
| Bergamot essential oil |
Prestwick Airport is one of which city's airports? | Earl Grey Tea
Disclosure
Earl Grey Tea
Earl Grey tea is a classic blend with a distinctive citrusy flavor and a worldwide following. Although different brands have their own interpretations, a true Earl Grey blend will always include black tea and the flavor of bergamot orange.
What's in the Blend?
In the late 1800s, when Early Grey first appeared, it was marketed as a mix of teas from China. Now many Earl Greys contain Indian or Ceylon teas and may leave out Chinese teas altogether. Many Earl Greys simply list "black tea" or "fine black tea" in the ingredients.
"Citrusy" and "Lively" are words are often used to describe Earl Grey tea.
These character traits are owed to one thing:
Bergamot Orange
What really makes Earl Grey stand out is the addition of oils from the rind of a bergamot orange. The bergamot oils give the tea a distinctive flavor and scent.
Bergamot orange is a citrus fruit that grows in southern Italy. It is smaller than a regular orange and bears more resemblance to a lemon. It has a strong tart taste that is difficult to palate on its own. When added to tea, however, the bergamot adds a fun citrusy "zing" to what would otherwise be a normal cup of black tea.
See, it looks a lot like a lemon, right?
Who is Earl Grey?
The second Early Grey of Howick was a British Prime Minister in the 1830s and has a pretty weak connection to the tea that carries his name. Although the history is questionable, one account is that Earl Grey received the bergamot flavored tea and recipe as a present. The tea was a gift of gratitude from a Chinese man because the Earl's envoy to China saved the life of the man's son.
It's also possible the Earl had nothing to do with his namesake tea. Around the same time period, British tea dealers were known to add bergamot flavor to emulate higher quality Chinese teas.
London tea sellers Twinings and Jackson's of Picadilly have each laid claim to the blend's original recipe. Twinings even attained a seal of approval from Richard, the sixth Earl Grey.
A Unique Flavor That People Like
However the concept of adding bergamot oil to tea leaves originated, the special taste has been a huge hit. The term "Earl Grey" is now synonymous with tea that has a refreshing citrusy flavor. It is a popular blend found in kitchens and tea shops around the world.
Tip: Try adding a slice of lemon to compliment and enhance the already citrusy characteristics of the tea.
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Which animal is the offspring of a male Ass and a mare? | Mare mule | Article about mare mule by The Free Dictionary
Mare mule | Article about mare mule by The Free Dictionary
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/mare+mule
mule,
hybrid offspring of a male donkey (see ass ass,
hoofed, herbivorous mammal of the genus Equus, closely related to the horse. It is distinguished from the horse by its small size, large head, long ears, and small hooves. There are two living species: Equus hemonius, the Asian ass, and E.
..... Click the link for more information. ) and a female horse horse,
hoofed, herbivorous mammal now represented by a single extant genus, Equus. The term horse commonly refers only to the domestic Equus caballus and to the wild Przewalski's horse.
..... Click the link for more information. , bred as a work animal. The name is also sometimes applied to the hinny, the offspring of a male horse and female donkey; hinnies are considered inferior to mules. The mule has many donkey characteristics—long ears, a tufted tail, slender legs, small hooves, and a loud bray—but it resembles a horse in size and strength. Most mules weigh from 1,100 to 1,400 lb (500–640 kg). They lack the speed of horses, but are more surefooted and have great powers of endurance. Like donkeys, they are of a cautious and temperamental disposition and require expert handling to perform well. Both sexes are sterile. Mules have been bred as pack and draft animals since prehistoric times, and are still used throughout the world, particularly in regions where mechanized farm equipment is uncommon. They have been widely used in the United States, where they were first bred by George Washington, but are now found mainly in the southeastern states. Mules were used extensively for military transport before the advent of mechanization. They are classified in the phylum Chordata Chordata
, phylum of animals having a notochord, or dorsal stiffening rod, as the chief internal skeletal support at some stage of their development. Most chordates are vertebrates (animals with backbones), but the phylum also includes some small marine invertebrate animals.
..... Click the link for more information. , subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Perissodactyla, family Equidae.
mule,
in manufacturing: see spinning spinning,
the drawing out, twisting, and winding of fibers into a continuous thread or yarn. From antiquity until the Industrial Revolution, spinning was a household industry. The roughly carded fiber was at first held in one hand and drawn out and twisted by the other hand.
..... Click the link for more information. .
Mule
a domestic animal; the hybrid offspring of a horse (mare) and an ass (jackass). The mule has characteristics of both parents. It has the size and swiftness of the mare. From the jackass it inherits hardiness and a capacity for work exceptional for its size. The mule is known for its long life-span (as long as 40 years) and low susceptibility to illness. It does not require special feed or maintenance. The mule is almost always sterile. Some instances have been recorded in which the mating of a female mule with a stallion or jackass has resulted in offspring. The general color of the mule is determined by the mare.
Mules are classified according to work capacity as pack or draft animals. Pack mules are 110–140 cm high at the shoulders, and draft mules up to 160 cm. Pack mules weigh 300–400 kg, and draft mules 400–600 kg. A mule can pull 18–20 percent of its weight, depending on the nature of the load and the individual characteristics of the animal. All males are castrated between the ages of 1½ and two years. Mules are first trained for work at the age of two; they carry a full load after four years of age. Mule raisers house the young and adult animals under the same conditions as horses.
Mules are widely used in Asia, Southern Europe, and North and South America. In 1960–65 the world’s mule population was 13.8 million, and in 1971, 14.7 million. In the USSR, mules are raised in Transcaucasia and Middle Asia. On Jan. 1, 1941, there were 6,300 mules in the USSR, in 1965, 3,400, and in 1971, 3,200.
REFERENCE
See: Obstinacy
mule
1. the sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse, used as a beast of burden
2. any hybrid animal
3. a machine invented by Samuel Crompton that spins cotton into yarn and winds the yarn on spindles
4. Slang a person who is paid to transport illegal drugs for a dealer
Mule
(text, tool)
A multi-lingual enhancement of GNU Emacs . Mule can handle not only ASCII characters (7 bit) and ISO Latin 1 characters (8 bit), but also 16-bit characters like Japanese, Chinese, and Korean. Mule can have a mixture of languages in a single buffer.
Mule runs under the X window system , or on a Hangul terminal, mterm or exterm.
Latest version: 2.3.
ftp://etlport.etl.go.jp/pub/mule.
| MULE |
In which form did Zeus seduce Danae, resulting in the birth of Perseus? | Mule | Define Mule at Dictionary.com
Word Origin and History for mule
Expand
n.
"offspring of donkey and horse," from Old English mul, Old French mul "mule, hinny" (12c., fem. mule), both from Latin mulus (fem. mula) "a mule," probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.
The mule combines the strength of the horse with the endurance and surefootedness of the ass, and is extensively bred for certain employments for which it is more suited than either; it is ordinarily incapable of procreation. With no good grounds, the mule is a proverbial type of obstinacy. [OED]
Properly, the offspring of a he-ass and a mare; that of a she-ass and a stallion is technically a hinny. Used allusively of hybrids and things of mixed nature. As a type of spinning machine, attested from 1797 (so called because a hybrid of distinct warp and woof machines). Meaning "obstinate, stupid, or stubborn person" is from 1470s; that of "narcotics smuggler or courier" first attested 1935.
"loose slipper," 1560s, from Middle French mule, from Latin mulleus calceus "red high-soled shoe," worn by Roman patricians, from mullus "red" (see mullet (n.1)). Related: Mules.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Slang definitions & phrases for mule
Expand
Crude raw whiskey; moonshine , white mule (1926+)
A person who carries, delivers, or smuggles narcotics or other contraband: The danger to the mule is that a packet may rupture/ ''Mules'' carry coke in picture frames and sealed in the sides of suitcases/ American currency was spirited out of the country then, often by ''mules'' (1935+ Narcotics)
A condom stuffed with narcotics, carried in the vagina or rectum (1970s+ Narcotics)
verb
: Sometimes they mule it in small amounts/ otherwise law-abiding countrymen into performing muling favors
The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D.
Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.
mule in the Bible
Expand
(Heb. pered), so called from the quick step of the animal or its power of carrying loads. It is not probable that the Hebrews bred mules, as this was strictly forbidden in the law (Lev. 19:19), although their use was not forbidden. We find them in common use even by kings and nobles (2 Sam. 18:9; 1 Kings 1:33; 2 Kings 5:17; Ps. 32:9). They are not mentioned, however, till the time of David, for the word rendered "mules" (R.V. correctly, "hot springs") in Gen. 36:24 (yemim) properly denotes the warm springs of Callirhoe, on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. In David's reign they became very common (2 Sam. 13:29; 1 Kings 10:25). Mules are not mentioned in the New Testament. Perhaps they had by that time ceased to be used in Palestine.
Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
Idioms and Phrases with mule
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The Ringitt is the currency of which Asian country? | Ringgit Is The Best Performing Currency In Asia | iMoney
Written by Iris Lee
After months of being in a currency quagmire, due to the 1MDB scandal and also the sliding price of crude oil affecting Asia’s only net oil exporter, the Ringgit has now become the region’s “best performing currency” overnight.
However, analyst said it still remains the least attractive.
According to Bloomberg News, the Malaysian currency has climbed by 9.7% this quarter, the most in 43 years.
This can be due to several factors such as tax increases, spending cuts, oil recovering and the agreement by 1MDB to sell energy assets and to repay RM6 billion in debts in weeks.
Earlier forecasts predicted that the Ringgit would weaken by 8.4% this year, the biggest dive in the region, even going beyond the 17-year low in September (RM4.48 to US$1), when the Swiss Attorney-General said that the US$4 billion may be missing from 1MDB.
“The Ringgit is going to be one of the out performers in the region in 2016,” said Divya Devesh, the Singapore-based foreign-exchange strategist for Asia at Standard Chartered Plc.
“We are looking for a good rebound in oil prices. The market is still short on Ringgit. So, we might see continued covering of positions, which should also be supportive.”
Ringgit was forecasted by Macquarie Bank Ltd, the most accurate in Bloomberg’s ranking for last year, to trade at RM3.90 to US$1 by June 30. However, this projection has more to do with the US dollar potential weakening rather than Malaysia’s fundamentals, said Nizam Idris, Macquarie’s Singapore head of foreign exchange and fixed income strategy.
The gradual increase in interest rates by the US Federal Reserve has driven emerging market currencies to perform their best in 18 years. The Ringgit reached 3.91 to US$1 on Thursday, the highest in eight months.
Even Standard Chartered, the most bullish in the Bloomberg survey of 27 forecasts, has upgraded its estimate of the second quarter made on March 22, from RM4.30 to US$1 to RM4 per US$1. This upgrade was due to the projected Brent crude to reach US$60 per barrel by end of the year, as well as the Federal Reserve keeping its interest rates for the rest of the year.
The Royal Bank of Canada was less optimistic in its forecast of RM4.60 to US$1 by June 30, which is even worse than the low reached in September, when the Swiss froze assets linked to 1MDB.
The Ringgit’s sustainability relies largely on the rally in oil, gas and petrochemicals, palm oil and electronics, the bulk of shipments abroad, besides concerns on US interest rates and scandals. The country’s exports grew at less than half the 10-year average last year, said Bloomberg News.
“Broadly, we feel that oil prices have bottomed and that is the key indicator,” said Mirza Baig, the Singapore-based head of Asia Pacific currency and interest-rate strategy at BNP Paribas SA. He sees the Ringgit continuing to trade around RM4 per US$1.
“The other positive factor is the resumption of inflows to emerging markets.”
Malaysian exports could be more resilient than we thought initially, said Trang Thuy Le, a Hong Kong-based macro strategist at Credit Suisse Group AG, which raised its three-month Ringgit forecast in March to RM4 per USD1 from 4.30. “I would think a lot of the stability in the political situation has already been priced in.”
“Given the dovish tone of the Fed, we think that the dollar will likely continue to drift in the coming months and, because of the energy prices.”
| Malaysia |
Which West Sussex family seat is the home of the Dukes of Richmond and Gordon? | Ringgit among best performing Asian currencies, News, News, AsiaOne Business News
Ringgit among best performing Asian currencies
Cecilia KokThe Star/ANNTuesday, Feb 16, 2016
Print
PETALING JAYA - A combination of yuan appreciation, crude oil prices coming off their lows and shrinking likelihood of US interest rate hike this year contributed to the rise of the ringgit as one of the best performing Asian currencies.
With foreign capital returning to emerging Asian markets in search of higher yields, the ringgit gained 0.97 per cent to close at 4.1310 against the US dollar.
This was in line with the rebound in Malaysia's equity market, which saw its benchmark FTSE Bursa Malaysia KL Composite Index (FBM KLCI) rising 0.38 per cent yesterday to close at 1,649.96, off an early high of 1,661.34, even as the country's bond market continued to attract foreign inflows over the last five months.
Year-to-date, the Malaysian currency has gained about 4 per cent against the greenback, making it the top performing currency in Asia, excluding Japan. This was in contrast to the ringgit being the worst performer in the region last year.
According to economists, the strengthening of the ringgit yesterday was in tandem with the rebound in regional capital markets, as the risk of China devaluing its currency eased and crude oil prices remained steady in recent days.
Working in the ringgit's favour, they noted, was also the weakening of the US dollar, which was driven by a downgrade in market expectations over the pace of future interest rate hikes in the world's largest economy.
"The recent strengthening of the ringgit is a result of China's currency move, as much as it is a reflection of the improvement in crude oil prices," AllianceDBS Research chief economist Manokaran Mottain told StarBiz.
"It is also attributable to the weakening US dollar, following weak economic data and hints from the US Federal Reserve that there might not be any rate hike in the near-term," he explained.
The People's Bank of China (PBOC) yesterday set the average yuan exchange rate higher by 0.3 per cent - which was the biggest increase in three months - at 6.5118 against the US dollar. This drove the yuan, which is still allowed to move to a maximum of 2 per cent on either side of the reference rate, to close 1.23 per cent higher at 6.4945 against the greenback.
Over the weekend, PBOC governor Zhou Xiaochuan was quoted as saying that there was no basis for the yuan to keep falling.
Zhou also said that China was committed to keeping its currency stable against a basket of other major currencies, while managing the daily volatility of the yuan against the US dollar.
Besides China's policy action, the strong rebound in global crude oil prices since last Friday also contributed to the improvement in investor sentiment, which drove regional capital markets higher.
Brent crude, which is the international oil benchmark, has jumped by about 10 per cent since last Friday to trade at the US$33-per-barrel level on renewed hopes of a production cut by the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. This helped ease concerns over Malaysia's declining revenue from oil and gas sources.
"As long as crude oil prices do not go below the US$30-per-barrel level, the ringgit will remain relatively steady amid the reversal in the outlook for the US dollar," Singapore-based head of foreign-exchange research at Malayan Banking Bhd Saktiandi Supaat said.
In its fixed-income report, BIMB Research said: "We believe that external developments, with the Bank of Japan's adoption of negative rates and a dovish US rates market, supported flows into higher yielding regional currencies of which the MGS (Malaysian Government Securities) benefited as well."
As at end-January 2016, foreign ownership of MGS rose to RM164.4bil, or 47.9 per cent of total outstanding MGS, from RM162.1bil, or 47.7 per cent, in December 2015.
Meanwhile, the ringgit also traded higher against other major currencies yesterday.
It rose 1.1 per cent against the Singapore dollar to 2.9536; 1.6 per cent versus the Japanese yen to 3.6264; 1.5 per cent against the euro to 4.6238; and 1.1 per cent against the British pound sterling to 5.9870.
Impact of the falling ringgit on Singapore
Click on thumbnail to view. Story continues after photos. The Straits Times, Reuters, AFP
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Who had overall command of the Task Force sent to get the Argentineans out of the 'Falklands'? | The Falklands War
Updated August 02, 2016.
Falkland War - Overview:
Fought in 1982, the Falklands War was the result of the Argentine invasion of the British-owned Falkland Islands. Located in the South Atlantic, Argentina had long claimed these islands as part of its territory. On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces landed in the Falklands, capturing the islands two days later. In response, the British dispatched a naval and amphibious task force to the area. The initial phases of the conflict occurred mainly at sea between elements of the Royal Navy and the Argentine Air Force. On May 21, British troops landed and by June 14 had compelled the Argentine occupiers to surrender.
Falklands War - Dates:
The Falklands War began on April 2, 1982, when Argentine troops landed in the Falkland Islands . Fighting ended on June 14, following the British liberation of the islands' capital, Port Stanley, and the surrender of Argentine forces in the Falklands. The British declared a formal end to military activity on June 20.
Falklands War: Prelude and Invasion:
In early 1982, President Leopoldo Galtieri, the head of the Argentina's ruling military junta, authorized the invasion of the British Falkland Islands. The operation was designed to draw attention away from human rights and economic issues at home by bolstering national pride and giving teeth to the nation's long-held claim on the islands. After an incident between British and Argentine forces on nearby South Georgia Island, Argentine forces landed in the Falklands on April 2. The small garrison of Royal Marines resisted, however by April 4 the Argentines had captured the capital at Port Stanley. Argentine troops also landed on South Georgia and quickly secured the island.
Falklands War: British Response:
After organizing diplomatic pressure against Argentina, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ordered the assembly of a naval task force to retake the islands. After the House of Commons voted to approve Thatcher's actions on April 3, she formed a War Cabinet which first met three days later. Commanded by Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse , the task force consisted of several groups, the largest of which was centered on the aircraft carriers HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible. Led by Rear Admiral "Sandy" Woodward, this group contained the Sea Harrier fighters that would provide air cover for the fleet. In mid-April, Fieldhouse began moving south, with a large fleet of tankers and cargo ships to supply the fleet while it operated more than 8,000 miles from home. All told, 127 ships served in the task force including 43 warships, 22 Royal Fleet Auxiliaries, and 62 merchant vessels.
Falklands War: First Shots:
As the fleet sailed south to its staging area at Ascension Island, it was shadowed by Boeing 707s from the Argentine Air Force. On April 25, British forces sank the submarine ARA Santa Fe near South Georgia shortly before troops led by Major Guy Sheridan of the Royal Marines liberated the island. Five days later, operations against the Falklands began with the " Black Buck " raids by RAF Vulcan bombers flying from Ascension. These saw the bombers strike the runaway at Port Stanley and radar facilities in the area. That same day Harriers attacked various targets, as well as shot down three Argentine aircraft. As the runway at Port Stanley was too short for modern fighters, the Argentine Air Force was forced to fly from the mainland, which placed them at a disadvantage throughout the conflict ( Map ).
Falklands War: Fighting at Sea:
While cruising west of the Falklands on May 2, the submarine HMS Conqueror spotted the light cruiser ARA General Belgrano. Conqueror fired three torpedoes, hitting hitting the World War II -vintage Belgrano twice and sinking it. This attack led to the Argentine fleet, including the carrier ARA Veinticinco de Mayo, remaining in port for the rest of the war. Two days later, they had their revenge when an Exocet anti-ship missile , launched from an Argentine Super Étendard fighter, struck HMS Sheffield setting it ablaze. Having been ordered forward to serve as a radar picket, the destroyer was hit amidships and the resulting explosion severed its high-pressure fire main. After attempts to stop the fire failed, the ship was abandoned. The sinking of Belgrano cost 323 Argentines killed, while the attack on Sheffield resulted in 20 British dead.
Falklands War: Landing at San Carlos Water:
On the night of May 21, the British Amphibious Task Group under the command of Commodore Michael Clapp moved into Falkland Sound and began landing British forces at San Carlos Water on the northwest coast of East Falkland. The landings had been preceded by a Special Air Service (SAS) raid on nearby Pebble Island's airfield. When the landings had finished, approximately 4,000 men, commanded by Brigadier Julian Thompson, had been put ashore. Over the next week, the ships supporting the landings were hit hard by low-flying Argentine aircraft. The sound was soon dubbed "Bomb Alley" as HMS Ardent (May 22), HMS Antelope (May 24), and HMS Coventry (May 25) all sustained hits and were sunk, as was MV Atlantic Conveyor (May 25) with a cargo of helicopters and supplies.
Falklands War: Goose Green, Mount Kent, & Bluff Cove/Fitzroy:
Thompson began pushing his men south, planning to secure the western side of the island before moving east to Port Stanley. On May 27/28, 600 men under Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Jones outfought over 1,000 Argentines around Darwin and Goose Green, ultimately forcing them to surrender. Leading a critical charge, Jones was killed later received the Victoria Cross posthumously. A few days later, British commandos defeated Argentine commandos on Mount Kent. In early June, an additional 5,000 British troops arrived and command shifted to Major General Jeremy Moore. While some of these troops were disembarking at Bluff Cove and Fitzroy, their transports, RFA Sir Tristram and RFA Sir Galahad, were attacked killing 56 ( Map ).
Falklands War: Fall of Port Stanley:
After consolidating his position, Moore began the assault on Port Stanley. British troops launched simultaneous assaults on the high ground surrounding the town on the night of June 11. After heavy fighting, they succeeded in capturing their objectives. The attacks continued two nights later, and British units took the town's last natural lines of defense at Wireless Ridge and Mount Tumbledown. Encircled on land and blockaded at sea, the Argentine commander, General Mario Menéndez, realized his situation was hopeless and surrendered his 9,800 men on June 14, effectively ending the conflict.
Falklands War: Aftermath & Casualties:
In Argentina, the defeat led to the removal of Galtieri three days after the fall of Port Stanley. His downfall spelled the end for the military junta that had been ruling the country and paved the way for the restoration of democracy. For Britain, the victory provided a much needed boost to its national confidence, reaffirmed its international position, and assured victory for the Thatcher Government in the 1983 elections.
The settlement that ended the conflict called for a return to status quo ante bellum. Despite its defeat, Argentina still claims the Falklands and South Georgia. During the war, Britain suffered 258 killed and 777 wounded. In addition, 2 destroyers, 2 frigates, and 2 auxiliary vessels were sunk. For Argentina, the Falklands War cost 649 killed, 1,068 wounded, and 11,313 captured. In addition, the Argentine Navy lost a submarine, a light cruiser, and 75 fixed-wing aircraft.
| admiral sandy woodward |
"What is Puck's alternative name in ""A Midsummer Night's Dream""?" | PSYOP OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS WAR
began settling the islands and declared a colonial administration in 1842.
Argentina
never recognized the claim and historically has demanded that the islands be part of that nation. They say that Ownership is 90% of the law and the islands have been continuously occupied by residents who have always demanded the right to remain British subjects. In the early 1980s, the period that we will discuss, the population was 1,813 with over half living in the capitol town of
Port Stanley
on
East Falkland
. Although there are less than 2000 citizens, there are an estimated 600,000 sheep. Wool and hides are obviously the chief import of the
Falklands
. The islands were administered at the time by Governor Rex Hunt. They were far from
Britain
and certainly not an economic or military priority. There might have been some belief among the Argentineans that the occupation of these islands, called by them the Islas Malvinas would be treated by the British as a fait accompli.
The Spanish first colonized what would be known as
Argentina
and controlled it for about 300 years. The nation gained independence in 1816 after a six year struggle led by General Jose de San Martin. From that time on there were a series of military takeovers and political dictators. The most famous is probably Juan Peron who was elected president in 1945. After Peron there was a series of petty dictators, with Peron himself being recalled to power in 1973. In 1976, another military coup put a junta made up of the commanders of the armed forces in charge. There were a series of generals in a revolving door leadership that led to Army General Leopoldo Galtieri holding power in 1982.
Argentina
was in deep economic trouble. The inflation was over 600 percent, manufacturing output down 22.9%, and real wages down by 19.2%. In addition, the Junta has kidnapped, tortured and murdered large numbers of the population.
The book War in the Falklands, the Sunday Times of London Insight Team, Harper & Row, NY, 1982 comments on the civil rights violations:
In just over two years, according to estimates of human rights organizations, up to 18,000 Argentineans vanished, including thousands of high-school children. Most of the disappeared were young, radical, and middle-class. Over one hundred journalists and two hundred scientists vanished.
Galtieri accepted the collective responsibility of the junta. He coldly stated:
In any war, there are people who disappear.
The Argentine people were clamoring for change, and the leadership decided that the best way to take their mind off the numerous problems at home is to give them a glorious patriotic victory and the return of the Islas Malvinas. The campaign was originally named Operaci�n Azul after the blue robe of the Virgin Mary, but later changed to Operaci�n Rosario (Rosary) in what appears to be an attempt by the Argentine government to give the impression of a patriotic Catholic religious crusade. The invasion was initially planned for 25 May, the anniversary of the revolution and one of the most important national holidays. Due to the mounting pressures on the government, and mass union demonstrations in late March, the date of the invasion was moved earlier to 2 April. Its main purpose was to divert public attention from the internal problems and restore the long lost popularity and prestige of the dictatorship.
and reconnoitered potential landing beaches near
Port Stanley
. In 1968 another Argentine aircraft crashed while attempting a landing to publicize the Argentine demands.
The Note from the Governor of the Falkland Islands to the Trespassers
This letter was offered in 2016 as the letter that started the Falklands War, estimated at 24,000 British pounds. Of course, it did not. The Argentinians had secretly invaded South Georgia Island, raised their flag and about 50 Marines came ashore and ransacked a British Antarctic Survey research base. Falkland governor Sir Rex Hunt radioed British researchers based on the island and dictated a letter to scientist Neil Shaw. He wrote it on a piece of paper and took it to the Argentinian Marines who ignored it and invited him on board for drinks.
The 1982 Argentinean invasion did not start in the major islands. Instead, an Argentine businessman named Constantino Davidoff sailed to
South Georgia
to salvage scrap metal on the fleet transport
Bahia
Buen Suceso. It arrived on 19 March 1982 without British permission. The Argentine flag was placed near the work site. The British protested, the political situation escalated and Governor Hunt sent 22 Royal Marines to remove the workers, while
Argentina
sent 100 Marines to protect them. That quickly erupted into a gun-battle on 3 April and the Argentineans overpowered the smaller British force. The die was cast and military movements set into motion that were unstoppable.
Did Argentina think that Great Britain would not defend the islands? There are often misunderstandings. Kim il Sung believed the United States had no interest in protecting South Korea in 1950 and Saddam Hussein believed the United States had no interest in Kuwait in 1990. Both dictators invaded their neighbors. According to the newsletter The Week, in an article entitled How did the conflict start? dated 21 March 2016:
The Port Stanley invasion caught Whitehall off-guard. Just six months earlier, British intelligence had concluded privately that Argentina would not invade the islands. In January 1982, Margaret Thatcher's government inadvertently sent out a signal that Britain had no wish to fight over the islands when it scrapped the only British warship in their vicinity, HMS Endurance. Argentine confidence was further boosted after the British Nationality Act denied UK citizenship to many islanders.
Britain
protested in vain about the landing on
South Georgia
. On 26th March, British Intelligence reported that a number of Argentine military vessels were at sea. Hunt received a top secret telegram from the Foreign Office on 1 April.
We have apparently reliable evidence that an Argentine task force could be assembling off
Stanley
at dawn tomorrow. You will wish to make your dispositions accordingly.
Governor Hunt announced over the radio that an invasion was imminent. It occurred as expected early on 2 April.
Port Stanley
was defended by 40 Royal Marines and about the same number of naval personnel.
The first landings occurred about 0600. The Argentineans attacked along a number of fronts with both helicopter and light armored vehicles. The British could not defend against such overwhelming odds and surrendered at 0930. The Argentineans quickly reinforced their troops to about 10,000 and put a military governor in command. Argentina made several immediate changes to the culture of the
Falkland Islands
, MD, 1992, the author mentions that in 1973 he worked on a report about
Britain
's ability to protect the
Falklands
in case of an Argentine invasion. This is reminiscent of General H. Norman Schwarzkopf having studied the problem of defending
Kuwait
prior to the first Gulf War. The result:
It seemed to us that Her Majesty's government would be largely powerless to do anything whatsoever to stop them. We couldn't afford to station a large enough force in the islands themselves; nor could we get a reinforcement force out there in the time which would probably be available to us. Careful consideration inevitably pointed to the only conclusion: "impossible."
A second coincidence is that Woodward had captained the destroyer
Sheffield
in 1976. The ship had caused him many problems at the time, the computer weapons program crashing about every four minutes. The
Sheffield
would cause Woodward and the fleet more worry during the war when it was hit by an Argentine exocet missile.
He mentions going to war with no intelligence data. Once again we are reminded of the fog of war. The American invasion of
Grenada
was carried out with some commanders using commercial automobile maps of the islands. Woodward says:
Our knowledge was in fact largely confined to that which was in the public domain. Janes Fighting Ships, the standard reference book on the fleets of the world , was our main source of information on the strength of Admiral Anaya's navy. Likewise, Jane's companion book on the world's aircraft was our primary guide to the strength of their air force.
On 2 May the British submarine Conqueror located the Argentine Cruiser General Belgrano just outside the exclusion zone and sunk her. The cruiser was previously the American
"Phoenix"
The Sun Gloats about the Attack on the Belgrano
The newspaper apparently does not know that the ship was sunk
The General Belgrano had a crew of approximately 1,042 of whom 368 lost their lives. Although the action is surrounded in controversy it did stop the Argentine Navy from taking further action during the remainder of the war. It never again ventured from the continental shelf where the water was too shallow for the British submarines to operate. There was some world outrage at the sinking, but the British explained that at any time the warship could have turned around and attacked the British fleet. The Argentine Navy fled the war zone and did not take to sea again during the next two months.
Air-launched Exocet missle
Destroyer Sheffield after it was hit by the Exocet missle
The Argentines struck back on 4 May when the destroyer
Sheffield
was hit by an air-launched Exocet missile and sunk. The Exocet was named after the Exocoetus flying fish which skims over the waves. The British warning code for an Exocet attack was "Handbrake." Once the incoming missile was positively identified as an Exocet the warning signal became Ash Tray. The British tried to defend against the missiles by having Sea King helicopters fly at the flanks of the larger warships during Exocet alerts using their greater heat signature as bait to draw the missiles away from the ships.
Colonel Harry G. Summers says in an article entitled Yomping to
Port Stanley
, Military Review, March, 1984 that the British suffered from a lack of advanced planning. For instance, Brigadier Julian Thompson, the commander of the marine 3d Commando Brigade had been given the responsibility of planning the amphibious invasion but had been specifically directed by Rear Admiral John Woodward, the amphibious force commander, to plan no further than the beachhead. Marine Major General Jeremy Moore, the designated land force commander, was scheduled to prepare the attack plan when he arrived with the army's 5th Infantry Brigade. This sounded like a plan but as soon as the British landed troops on the ground,
London
started demanding forward movement and victories to report to its citizens.
London
demanded that Thompson engage the enemy although no detailed plan was in place. London also selected the target, the Argentine base at Goose Green some 13 miles south of the beachhead. The politicians wanted a tangible victory, and it was to be Goose Green. Worse, ignoring all military strategy, the politicians ordered to British forces split with a second group marching 50 miles to attack
Port Stanley
.
On 21 May the British Commandos made a diversionary attack on Port San Carlos on the northern coast of
East Falkland
. From this beachhead the British infantry advanced southward to capture the settlements of Darwin and Goose Green before turning towards
Port Stanley
. The same day HMS Ardent was sunk by an Argentine air attack, but nine Argentine aircraft were shot down. On 23 May HMS Antelope was attacked and sunk but ten Argentine aircraft were destroyed. The British were bleeding at sea, the Argentineans in the air.
Captain Rod Bell
We are now going to see the name of Royal Marine Captain Roderick Bell quite often.
Bell
was the son on a United Nations official and was raised in
Costa Rica
. Spanish was his first language and he spoke it perfectly and believed that he understood the Latin temperament and could talk to the Argentineans in a friendly and honest manner. As one of the only Spanish speaking members of the task force, he became almost the sole proponent of British PSYOP. On D-Day, 21 May, when the British discovered an unexpected Argentine observation post on Fanning head, at the mouth of the seaborne entrance to San Carlo, Captain Bell was called forward with a loudspeaker. The Argentineans had air-lifted a 60-man platoon to Port San Carlos code-named EC Hermes Captain Bell suggested that EC stood for Equipo Combate or Combat Team, which would be no more than a company in strength. Combat Team Eagle made its headquarters at Port
San Carlos
and sent 20 men to Fanning Head to set up an OP overlooking
San Carlos
Water. This group of Argentineans became known to the British as The Fanning Head Mob.
Bell called upon the Argentines to surrender. Four of the Argentines raised their hands but others opened fire on the Special Boat Squadron with a machine gun. Because some of the British troops were hit by the fleeing Argentineans, the British commanders temporarily lost faith in the value of the surrender appeal.
The British 2nd Parachute Battalion prepares for Goose Green - 2 days before the battle
Courtesy Good Guys in Bad Lands
On 26 May the British 2nd Parachute Regiment (2 Para), consisting of about 450 men moved against Argentine troops occupying Goose Green. Intelligence indicated that the settlement was defended by one weakened battalion (Bn-). By 30 May, after bitter fighting Captain Bell chose two Argentine senior non-commissioned officer prisoners-of-war to take a surrender message written by
Bell
in Spanish to the enemy commander. The Argentines agreed to surrender and to the shock of the British, about 1200 troops marched out of Goose Green and laid down their arms.
Bell
's use of PSYOP in a well-written letter helped to save the day and avert what could have been a disaster caused by faulty intelligence. The
Battle
for the Falklands, Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins, Norton,
London
, 1983, says:
One of the many deficiencies revealed by the campaign was the lack of a PsyWar unit at the disposal of the Ministry of Defense. Even more astonishing,
Bell
- who had been co-opted as an interpreter from his usual job as adjutant of the Commando brigade's headquarters and signals squadron - was almost the only Spanish speaker available to the force.
By 28 May British paratroopers controlled Darwin and Goose Green. The British lost 17 men and the Argentineans lost 200. A total of about 1,400 Argentine troops are taken prisoner.
By 31 May the British have surrounded
Port Stanley
. Battles continue all over the island with vicious hand-to-hand fighting reported.
War in the Falklands says that after surrounding the Argentine troops occupying Port Stanley, Royal Marine Captain Roderick Bell and an SAS colonel (code-name Reid) broadcast in Spanish starting 6 June appealing to them to surrender before more blood was shed:
They began with a simple humanitarian request to assist civilians and casualties, but later hinted at the Argentineans hopeless military situation. They had fought a noble war and could surrender with their dignity intact. Gradually they raised wider issues;
Britain
, the world will judge you accordingly.
This British patriotic postcard showing Argentine
prisoners-of-war is one of a set of
Falkland
War postcards entitled the Sovereign Pictorial Series.
By 14 June the large Argentine garrison in
Port Stanley
is defeated, and the war is all but over. The Argentine commander agrees to cease fire and 9800 Argentine troops throw down their weapons.
British Major General Jeremy Moore flew in to Port Stanley at 2300 on 14 June, 1982 to meet with General Menendez. General Menendez is allowed to strike unconditional from the surrender document since he had been promised by the British PSYOP broadcasts that the surrender would be with dignity and honor. General Moore does not allow him to insert the Argentine propaganda term Islas Malvinas after
Falklands
. By 2359 the document was formally signed and the war was officially over.
Both sides were plagued by tactical errors. The British had sailed off to war without careful preparation, and some units were stationed on different naval crafts, had left sections behind, or were without their supplies. They also learned to their horror that although aluminum ships do not burn, they do melt. Some British sailors called them floating flares.
The Argentines had worse problems. Navy Commander Admiral Jorge Anaya was the most warlike of the three-man junta and yet when the bullets started flying he pulled his ships back and never ventured into the war zone again. The British had spread disinformation that their hunter-killer subs were deployed in number in the exclusion zone and the Argentineans apparently believed the reports.
The Army had 10,000 men who could have fought the British on the beaches and perhaps pushed them back into the sea. Instead, the majority of them stayed huddled near
Port Stanley
.
Air Force Commander and junta member Brigadier General Lami Dozo was the least enthusiastic proponent of the
Falklands
war, but his pilots probably did the best job of all the Argentine services. However, many of the attacks were made in dribs and drabs, and if they had made one major assault using all their aircraft they might have broken through the picket line and attacked the British carriers Invincible and Hermes. That could have effectively ended the war. Admiral Woodward was in dread of such a mass attack all through the war, and even after the surrender of the Argentine troops. He could never be sure that the generals would not send one last wave of fighter-bombers to try and destroy the British fleet. The Falklands garrison surrendered, not the nation of
Argentina
. Since the war was undeclared, there really was no way for them to surrender.
The war lasted 72 days and claimed the lives of 236 British and 655 Argentine troops. The war cost of at least 2 billion dollars. It helped revive and reelect Margaret Thatcher. In 1990 she would supply the backbone to George Bush and urge him to take military action when
Iraq
invades
Kuwait
. At the same time, the ignominious defeat severely discredited the military government and forced the resignation of Leopoldo Galtieri, paving the way for the restoration of democracy in
Argentina
ISLAND
WAR PSYOP
There is some debate about how much PSYOP was disseminated during the Falkland Islands War. It is agreed that both sides used radio to a great extent, but there is some question about the use of aerial propaganda leaflets. In the book Weapons of the Falklands Conflict, by Bryant Perrett, Blanford Press, Poole,
Dorset
,
UK
, the author mentions the radio war. He points out that the junta controlled the radio and television networks as well as the popular press and could broadcast whatever it liked. It had immediate access to visual material flown in from the
Falklands
so that the first pictures the world saw of the conflict were invariably Argentine, and these were accompanied by a suitable propaganda commentary.
An unnamed author says in an untitled British Joint Services Command and
Staff
College
abstract:
Despite a lengthy political build up to hostilities there is little evidence of the use of tactical PSYOPS being used. PSYOP leaflet product was developed but the effort was entirely wasted as the means of delivery were not available. Badly informed and poorly led Argentine conscripts were targeted by PSYOP in the form of Radio Atlantico del Sur. Despite the assertion that this effort was effective, little evidence in the way of measures of effectiveness appear to have been gathered and it remains unclear whether this had a significant impact on in the Argentine Garrisons ultimate defeat. Had intelligence, production and dissemination been integrated into the campaign plan along with measurement of effect, the
UK
there was a pause for thought. He then points out where the Argentineans went wrong:
Having made a good beginning, the propaganda machine then departed from the established ground rules of the game. In this it was doubtless doing its masters' bidding, for the junta's popularity soared with every success; therefore, the junta reasoned, its people should have a diet of success, while the enemy should be vilified. The Task Force was described as a pirate fleet, while Margaret Thatcher was portrayed as a Viking, a vampire and a Nazi Storm Trooper. There were endless stories of Harriers being sent tumbling in dogfights, of ships sunk, of Hermes and Invincible being damaged again and again, of soldiers dramatically repelling raids. Even failure was exploited to the full. After
South Georgia
had been recaptured by the British it was announced that Argentine special forces had retired into the island's interior, from whence they would continue to fight - and this, in one of the cruelest environments on Earth. When the British landed at
San Carlos
they were said to be surrounded and on the verge of a second
Dunkirk
. Sometimes, the propaganda machine simply placed the most favorable interpretation on the facts, but most of its output was the purest fabrication. Until the very last moments the Argentine public sincerely believed that they would win the battle.
One of the odder aspects of Argentine propaganda was the story spread among troops on the Falklands that the British would butcher their prisoners; not only that, the Gurkhas would eat them! There seems to have been a genuine horror of the Gurkhas and the junta is said to have asked the government of
Nepal
to have them withdrawn.
The Gurkhas were truly feared by the Argentine troops. Writer Gabriel Barcia Marquez quoted witnesses as saying that the Gurkhas:
beheaded Argentine soldiers with their assassins' scimitars and were so bloodthirsty that the English had to handcuff them to stop further killing after the Argentines had surrendered.
Gurkhas
As the Nazis found out in WWII, overestimating your victories and deriding the enemys strength can be quite dangerous. When the truth comes out, and it always does, the public is furious at being lied to and duped. It can easily rise up against the government in power. It is also dangerous to build up the ferocity of the enemy in your propaganda. In such a case as the Gurkha descriptions above, just the sight of the cannibalistic mercenaries was probably enough to have the Argentine conscript throw down his arms and surrender. If there is one rule to good PSYOP, it is that you always tell the truth.
Gurkhas with captured Argentine Rheinmetall 20 mm anti-aircraft gun
One Argentine broadcast to the approaching British fleet in May 1982 can be found on the Internet:
Would you like to be reminded of your hometown?
[Sound of bells]
Yes, it's good old Big Ben. It's been a long time since you listened to it.
There was never an organized British propaganda campaign. In fact, the Ministry of Defense made no provision for journalists of any kind to accompany the Task Force. Prime Minister Thatcher intervened and some reporters were embedded with the military units. As the American military discovered during Operation Iraqi Freedom, embedded reporters tend to identify completely with the troops they live and share danger with and as a result the stories from the front were very patriotic and pro-Government.
BLACK OPERATIONS
In The Official History of the Falklands Campaign Volume II: War and Diplomacy, Sir Lawrence Freedman, Routledge,
London
and
New York
, 2005, the author mentions British prospective black and deception operations. He describes a Special Projects Group (SPG) charged with developing plans for deception and psychological operations. It would point out that British weaponry and technology was invincible while demoralizing the Argentines by pointing out their weaknesses. It would attempt to exacerbate Argentine inter-service rivalries, discredit the Junta and its members and point out economic problems in
Argentina
.
It would imply that Argentine facilities on the mainland would be attacked by air and that the carrier group had an amphibious warfare capability that could land an invasion force on
Argentina
proper. The SPG proposed a rumor that
Britain
might resort to mining Argentine mainland waters. This mining, if actually done, would affect the Argentine economy as well as the movement of its military forces.
The British might have taken part in at least one rumor [they call them sibs] operation. There was a mysterious report of a British helicopter going down in
Chile
and stories that it was on its way to or from a secret British fighter squadron that had been allowed to prepare an attack base on Chilean soil. If the Argentineans believed the rumor they would be forced to keep some defensive aircraft to protect the nation from an air attack from the west, leaving less to fight the British in the southeast.
It was reported at the time that:
One of the strangest incidents of the war took place involving
Chile
. About 17 May the Chilean authorities found a burnt out Sea King helicopter near the southern town of
Punta Arenas
The British quietly gave
Chile
a number of electronic reconnaissance, fighter and bomber aircraft. In return, the Chilean Army created increased radio traffic along the border to hold the elite Argentine ground forces in place, and the Chilean Navy put to sea under radio silence, a fact sure to make the Argentine Navy very nervous. The British also considered using Chile as a base for commando operations into Argentina and actually planned an Operation Mikado where two C-130 Hercules aircraft would crash land at the Rio Grand Air Base and a SAS squadron would destroy the Super Entendards based there, all the Exocet missiles, and kill all the Argentine pilots.
British Intelligence also got involved in a number of very complicated black operations to insure that
Argentina
could not rearm itself with additional Exocet missiles. They set up various dummy deals with bankers, front-corporations and arms dealers so that if
Argentina
tried to buy the weapons, the money might conveniently disappear or the missiles get lost in transit. These operations seem to have been successful.
On the general subject of black operations and rumors, there is an interesting internal rumor that apparently spread among the British sailors of the
Falklands
fleet. A story went around that the ink on the original propaganda leaflets was specially treated with some kind of pepper solution or irritant. The idea being that if the Argentines decided to use the leaflets as toilet paper to show their disapproval they would get a rather nasty surprise. It was both a prank and something that would ultimately reduce their fighting effectiveness. The individual that mentioned this rumor believes that it is true but it more likely what the Navy likes to call scuttlebutt. In reality, the first individual who suffered any kind of medical emergency from using British leaflets would be a propaganda goldmine for the Argentine military who could then warn their troops not to touch the leaflets because they were poisoned by the British. A second rumor that apparently went around the fleet was that the Special Air Service laced the Argentinean water supply with LSD.
The Argentineans were also active. They sent a 3-man team of Marines to
Gibraltar
to blow up ships of the British fleet. The team of divers was captured by Spanish police (tipped off by British Intelligence) on 17 May 1982 as they were about to attack the tanker British Tamar.
The Argentineans were also able to create and use a secret land-based Exocet launch site to attack British ships shelling forces near
Stanley
. The system was placed on a heavy-duty truck body and powered by a WWII German generator originally designed for searchlights.
Readers who want to know more about these various plots are advised to read The Secret War for the Falklands, Nigel West, Little, Brown and Company,
UK
3 June. Propaganda leaflet raid of
Port Stanley
.
On 3 June our diary made special mention that at about 6 a.m. a low-flying aircraft had been heard passing over the back of the town under cover of poor visibility. Later we connected this with the information that propaganda leaflets were being dropped over the
Argentine positions. These leaflets, in the form of safe-conduct passes, offered the chance for individual troops to surrender. This was one of the mysteries of the conflict, for we never saw one of these leaflets, and have yet to hear from anyone who did. We wonder if they were dropped in some remote region where they still may be found, or whether instead of dispersing they might have landed in bulk and been quickly destroyed.
Although the British have never confirmed the actual number, we believe that at least four PSYOP leaflets were dropped on the
Falklands
and have been illustrated in publications. They are entitled "
Safe
of the Condemned," and "South Atlantic Radio."
The Falling Leaf, The journal of the Psywar Society, says in its autumn 1982 issue:
We understand that all the leaflets were prepared and printed in England and then flown to the Task Force flagship for distribution. Quantities printed, actual dates of dissemination and localities involved as well as which leaflets were dropped are not yet known.
At the time of publication, the Psywar Society researchers had seen four different leaflets. By the winter 1982 issue the Falling Leaf states that there are five such leaflets, but the fifth one is not named. Apparently the five leaflets were exhibited at the British Aerophilatelic Federations National Airmail Exhibition held at the
Royal
's inability to air-drop leaflets at this time.
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign agrees. It says about leaflets in part:
Another high priority item was the preparation of leaflets for distribution over the
Falklands
. During the first phase, when there was still uncertainty about the future course of the campaign, three items were produced: a safe conduct pass, a message of inevitable defeat, which took the form of a message from Woodward to General Menendez, and a reassuring letter to the civilian population from the Governor. Later on extra items were produced, announcing the recapture of
South Georgia
and the opening of Radio Atlantico del Sur. Although 12,000 copies of each leaflet were produced and reached Hermes in time for the landing, unlike the leaflet rounds that could be fired from the big guns of the world wars, a similar capability did not exist for modern field guns so they were never actually distributed.
Bryant Perett says in Weapons of the Falklands Conflict:
A further attempt to undermine the garrison's morale was the printing of leaflets in Spanish urging soldiers to surrender in their own interests and incorporating a safe conduct pass. There is some doubt that they were ever used, for the means of distribution did not exist. The best method of delivery is by means of a shell which bursts above the enemy positions, scattering the leaflets, but this type of ammunition was not available; nor could Harriers be used as a substitute and nor was it worth risking valuable helicopters in the role.
Perett is wrong about the use of artillery for disseminating leaflets. It is not the best method. In fact, it is rather poor. Soldiers tend to keep their head down when being fired upon and are not likely to leave their fighting positions during an artillery attack. It is also difficult to pinpoint the enemy, and the blast of the shell often chars, crinkles and is some case burns the leaflet. Air dissemination is much preferable. More leaflets can be dropped over a much greater area. It is also true that any aircraft that can carry a bomb can carry leaflets, since they can be placed in cluster bomb shells, flare cases, or even specially designed containers.
There are arguments for the dropping of leaflets too. We have the word of a seaman and several British newspapers of the time.
Able Seaman Gunner Kevin Prout of the HMS Hermes said:
I was a Sea Cat director/aimer stationed near the flight deck. The flight crews would often give us the leaflets as souvenirs prior to them being loaded on the Harrier aircraft. I dont know how they dropped the leaflets at 500 mph but few probably survived considering the conditions ashore. Most of the leaflets were dropped in the early days after the fall of
South Georgia
. I remember seeing boxes of them but they were gone after a while so I assume that they were all disseminated. I kept a small cache of the souvenir leaflets in my emergency lifejacket bag until I got home.
Authors note: the Sea Cat was the first point-defense missile to enter Naval service.
War in the Falklands mentions the British dropping leaflets on
Port Stanley
just prior to 11 June in an attempt to avoid further bloodshed:
For two days Harriers dropped warning leaflets on
Stanley
, spelling out the reality of the garrison's position.
The London Daily Mail of 4 June 1982 published a story entitled "Surrender or Suffer Warns Admiral. It said in part:
Thousands of leaflets urging Argentine troops to surrender were dropped on the besieged garrison of
Port Stanley
yesterday.
British Harriers flew low over the Argentine trenches scattering the documents - one a letter to the enemy's commander from task force chief
Admiral Sandy Woodward and the other a direct appeal to each soldier to lay down his arms.
One of the leaflets includes a safe conduct to allow any Argentine who surrenders through British lines.
The leaflets were dropped in a last ditch attempt to prevent a bloodbath. But the Argentines must move quickly to take up the surrender offer.
The leaflet addressed to the soldiers carried a photograph of the Argentine commander of South Georgia, Lieutenant Commander Alfredo Astiz, signing the surrender document there.
The second leaflet gives the text of a letter sent to the Argentine commander in the Falklands, Brigadier Benjamin Menendez, by Admiral Woodward.
The Daily Star of 4 June had a similar article which said in part;
Harrier jump-jets yesterday plastered the Argentine troops in Port Stanley with thousands of leaflets, urging them to surrender. The leaflets showered down like confetti on the Argentinean positions.
The Falling Leaf adds:
In late May the British Broadcasting Corporation had announced that leaflets had been disseminated by planes of the Task Force over East Falkland. No additional information appeared in the press on the following day so it was believed that this information was not for public information at the time. A phone call to the Ministry of Defense seeking details brought a very evasive and non-committal reply: Yes, we may have dropped leaflets and No, we have no confirmation.
A second newspaper report said that another leaflet mission was carried out over Lafonia in the southern part of East Falkland, which resulted in the immediate surrender of 200 Argentinean soldiers.
The paperback The Falklands War by the Sunday Times adds:
For two days Harriers dropped warning leaflets on
Stanley
spelling out the reality of the garrisons position
Robert Fox adds in Eyewitness
Falklands
Rear Admiral John Forster Woodward, Royal Navy.
Commander in Chief of the British forces.
The leaflet ends with the following instructions:
If you wish to take advantage of the terms offered in this pass you should take the following action:
a. Lay down your weapon.
b. Hold this pass in a prominent position
c. Move forward to the nearest member of the British forces.
On 29 June 1982, the Daily Telegraph reported that the citizens of Port Stanley were looking to purchase souvenir leaflets asking for the garrisons surrender, but none had been found. The citizens claimed that they had heard a number of BBC reports of the leaflets being dropped over the town but had never seen any. The article continues:
One local said he had heard a report that the leaflets were dropped in containers that did not open. He understood Argentine officers simply collected the containers after each drop.
A ministry of defense or military spokesman was not available to comment yesterday in Port Stanley. There is the possibility that the leaflets were lost in the winds.
Surrender at South Georgia
The leaflet depicts a photograph of the Argentine commander of South Georgia, Lieutenant Commander Alfredo Astiz, signing the surrender document in the wardroom of HMS Endurance. It is notable that not only did he surrender his army and navy troops, but also the crew of the Argentine submarine
Santa Fe
. The surrender was photographed and forwarded for world-wide media dissemination. The Ministry of defense then placed it on this leaflet. This leaflet bears the code 4. The back is all text, depicts the symbol of the H.M.S. Endurance at the top, and says:
SOLDIERS
The captain of the frigate, Alfredo Astiz, commander in charge of the forces in
South Georgia
, becoming aware that the British forces possessed superior armed power, surrendered honorably. This photo shows him signing the document of surrender.
The British and argentine people are two nations with a traditional bond of friendship encompassing more than 100 years. We do not want to spill any more blood, but we are determined to do so if there is no other alternative. More useless loss of life will only create more disconsolate mothers.
Your companions at arms in
South Georgia
made the right and honorable decision.
You must now do the same. Think of the danger in which you find yourself. Your rations and military equipment are in short supply due to the British naval blockade. Matters will worsen. Think of your loved ones and your home where they await your happy return.
The Daily Express
The Daily Express of 4 June 1982 depicted the safe conduct pass and Argentine Lieutenant Commander Alfredo Astiz signing the surrender document in an article entitled Passport to Safety. Some of the article text is:
On the eve of battle in Port Stanley yesterday the British gave 7,000 Argentinian soldiers a chance to get out and go home. Leaflets showered over the beleaguered garrison by plane told them, Think of the danger you are in
The leaflets that floated down from a high-flying Harrier followed a long, two-way bombardment by Royal Navy ships and by artillery supporting the British forces now poised to attack the island capital
A second leaflet, under the crests of the British ships Endurance and Plymouth, advises the Argentines to think of their valiant companions in arms recently on South Georgia who have now returned to their fatherland.
In The
for the Falklands, Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins, Norton,
London
, 1983, explains why the crew of the
Santa Fe
was captured. The sub was spotted on 25 April. Three British helicopters attacked it with depth charges, torpedoes and rockets. One missile went through the submarine's conning tower, forcing it to return to land and beach itself near Grytviken.
The capture of Captain Astiz caused some problems for the British. Hastings and Jenkins explain:
Captain Alfedo Astiz formally surrendered. He was an embarrassing prisoner of war, as he was wanted for questioning by several nations in connection with the disappearance of their citizens while in government custody on the Argentine mainland years earlier.
Britain
(Image courtesy of Lee Richards )
A leaflet not mentioned in the newspaper article is entitled Island of the Condemned. The front depicts the Falkland Islands surrounded by barbed wire and warships, Harrier jets and helicopters. The image clearly shows that the Argentinean soldiers are trapped and there will be no relief. The leaflet is coded 2.
The back is all text and reads:
SOLDIERS OF THE ARGENTINE FORCES:
You are completely alone. There is no hope of relief or help from your motherland. You are condemned to the sad fate of defending a remote island. Soon there will fall upon you all the rigors of a cruel and merciless winter and the Argentine Navy is in no any condition to supply you with the reinforcements or provisions that you so desperately need. Your families live with the terrible fear of never seeing you again. You well know that all of this is the honest truth.
WHAT ARE THE REASONS THAT YOU FIND YOURSELVES IN SUCH A CALAMITOUS SITUATION?
Those responsible are the egotists who have named themselves the leaders of
Argentina
without taking into consideration the wishes of the Argentine people, and who have sent you on a ridiculous adventure, knowing there is no hope of any kind for an end to it. Now, these same leaders look for a way to disguise their stupid incompetence.
SOLDIERS! YOU HAVE DONE ALL YOUR COUNTRY CAN ASK OF YOU!
ONLY THE GENERALS STILL ASK FOR MORE.
IT IS NOT FAIR THAT YOU SHOULD FORFEIT YOUR LIVES TO FULFILL THE
AMBITIONS OF THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS CRAZY ADVENTURE THAT THE WHOLE WORLD SEES AS WRONG.
A Message from his Excellency
The leaflet coded 3 depicts a portrait of the Governor of the
Falklands
Islands
, Mr. Rex Masterman Hunt (Order of St. Michael and St. George). It obviously is meant to raise the morale of the
Falklands
population and reminds them that the British are on the way and that the ordeal of the occupation will soon be over.
This idea of an exiled leader writing a letter to the occupied subjects is a tried and true method first used by the British in WWII. For instance, after the Germans occupied
Norway
, King Haakon VII and Queen Wilhelmina fled to
Britain
from whence leaflet letters were prepared in their name and dropped over their nations by the Royal Air Force to lift the morale of their people. This letter by the island's governor is an example of the exact same technique. The text on the back is in English:
A Message from His Excellency the Governor Mr. Rex Hunt CMG
The British Task Force is now at hand and has cut the Argentine access to the islands. I am sorry that I cannot be with it in person but am confident that I shall rejoin you shortly.
Your terrible experience under the occupying force will soon be ended. I know that you will continue to be patient and resolute. Do nothing to antagonize the Argentines and stay under cover until the Task Force has liberated you.
My thoughts and feelings are with you all in this final hour of trial before the aggressors are defeated and your freedom is restored.
Best wishes and God bless you.
R. M. Hunt
The Front of this leaflet is all text:
Notice to the inhabitants of the Falkland Islands
I have the great pleasure of announcing to them a new radio station.
South Atlantic Radio will transmit news daily from
8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. on a frequency of 9.71 MHz.
This broadcast will operate like an additional station
to the LRA National Radio of the Falklands.
The back of the leaflet bears the code 5 and the text:
From 8:00 to 11:00 p.m.
R. A. S. (inside a lightning bolt)
9.71 MHz frequency.
Perrett says in Weapons of the Falklands Conflict:
During World War II one of the most successful British psywar devices had been a radio station beamed at German troops based in north-western France. Known as Soldatensen der Calais, it was listened to because its news broadcasts were truthful, while those of Dr. Goebbels' radio stations were not.
Having acquired its audience, Soldatensender Calais insidiously set about undermining the confidence of the troops in their leaders and even in their own weapons. Argentina having promptly jammed the BBC's World Service transmissions on the outbreak of hostilities, it was decided to set up a duplicate of Soldatensender Calais, on Ascension Island, beamed specifically at General Menendez' garrison on the Falklands and known as Radio South Atlantic.
The anti-Argentine Atlantico del Sur propaganda radio operation was not a great success. It first broadcast on 19 May 1982 at 2300 using the
Ascension
Islands
relay Transmitter. The British Broadcasting Corporation issued this press release the same day:
The Ministry of Defense this morning contacted the BBC to make available one of the transmitters at the Atlantic relay station at
Ascension Island
The BBC will accordingly make a transmitter available to the Ministry of Defense for its own broadcasting purpose.
This public statement effectively destroyed any chance the British had to claim that the station was a black radio operation broadcasting from
Argentina
or the
Falkland Islands
. Glenn Hauser recalls the station in the DX Listening Digest, 30 September 2002. Some of his comments are:
The station was operated by Defense Ministry personnel. The station had a magazine format and fake record dedications. Music with a PSYOP theme such as Chariots of Fire was regularly heard. The station was subject to front page ridicule in the quality British press; they commented that the announcers were not native Spanish speakers, spoke in a Cambridge educated Chilean accent, the music chosen would not appeal to Argentinean forces and that the station was so obviously phony that it would have no effect. The estimated cost of the operation was 10 to 20 thousand pounds a week.
Argentina
did jam the station but the jamming was ineffective.
This is a bit different from comments made about radio Atlantico del Sur in the 4 August 2001 DX Listening Digest:
The two speakers, a male and female, were Foreign Office employees who had learned Spanish from a Colombian and thus spoke with pronounced Colombian accents, causing much mirth in downtown
Buenos Aires
, as they were claiming to be Argentinean! The program apparently had quite a big audience amongst Argentineans with a penchant for unintentional comedy. People at BBC World Service were incandescent with rage at this amateurish operation by civil servants, broadcast on a well-known BBC frequency.
Tim Tyler monitored and taped the radio broadcasts during the war and told me:
I monitored Radio Atlantico del Sur as a short wave radio listener and although there were complaints that the radio did not broadcast effective PSYOP, someone was actively jamming the broadcasts, or at least the broadcasts that I heard and recorded. Due to the way shortwave radio works, it is possible that the jammer did not block the broadcasts being heard on the Falkland Islands or Argentina, though if they had shortwave jamming equipment, I would assume they were smart enough to know the proper placement of the jammer to make it effective. I also remember the British Forces Broadcasting Service eventually set up service (also using BBC transmitters on Ascension Island, I believe) to provide news and entertainment to their troops deployed to the Southern Atlantic during the crisis, and I monitored them too. I also monitored the United States Air Force aircraft shuttling Secretary of State George Shultz between Buenos Aires, Washington DC and London as he tried to negotiate a truce.
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign States that the proposal to establish a radio station in the
South Atlantic
came from the SPG in late April. The operation was code-named MOONSHINE. The station would be aimed at soldiers and their families, with a popular music and news of interest to the Falklands. It would broadcast for four hours each day. Radio Atlantico del Sur was tasked with persuading Argentine troops currently occupying the
Falkland Islands
to surrender with minimum resistance. It would refer to the long-standing friendship between the British and Argentine Peoples, the lack of training of the conscripts compared with British troops, the physical isolation of the Islands, the lack of medical facilities, the fear of British special forces, and disillusion with the Junta. It would not demean or diminish loyalty to
Argentina
, or argue against the sovereignty claim, or attempt to create dissension between officers and ranks. The project was approved on 18 May and the first broadcast was made late the next day. The project lasted until 15 June, by which time 47 broadcasts had been made, three hours each evening from 2300-0200 and an hour in the morning from 0830-0930.
Researcher Lee Richards found more data on the British Propaganda radio station and wrote on his website in November 2015:
Radio Atlantico del Sur was a Spanish language radio station operated by the UK Ministry of Defence as part of its psychological operations campaign conducted for Operation Corporate the recapture of the Falkland Islands following the Argentine invasion in April 1982. The radio station, known as Project Moonshine within the Ministry of Defence, was operated by a specially created group called the Media Assessment Team (MAT). The station broadcast from studios in Mayfair, London, via a requisitioned BBC transmitter on Ascension Island. Its first broadcast was on the evening of 19 May 1982 and continued for 47 broadcasts until 15 June.
We should also note that at the same time the Argentineans had taken over the Falkland Islands radio broadcasting station, renamed it
Liberty
, and put TV News anchor Silvia Fernandez Barrio known as Argentine Annie on the air. This station operated from 2 April to 26 June 1982. The anti-British propaganda broadcasts actually originated on a military base in the vicinity of Buenos Aires. The short wave-facilities from Cable & Wireless on the Falklands were used to relay Radio Nacional Malvinas and to carry unscrambled radio telephone traffic to
Argentina
. Glenn Hauser adds in regard to
Liberty
:
The opening and closing announcements were broadcast over a lush orchestral version of Yesterday. The announcer said, I am
Liberty
and
South Sandwich Islands
. I am a voice, a spirit, a country. I am now as ever a woman who is proud that the world listens when
Argentina
speaks.
Although the Argentineans were never able to drop propaganda leaflets on the British during the short conflict, there were some cases where patriotic groups prepared pro-war leaflets for the Argentine public. They were meant to unite the people to defend the islands that they so recently occupied. They are internal consolidation and morale-building leaflets
At least two leaflets were prepared by the Group for the Defense of the Malvinas. Both are printed in the sky-blue color of the Argentine flag on cream-colored paper. In both cases an Argentine postage stamp overprinted The Malvinas are
Argentina
has been placed on the leaflet and cancelled in
Buenos Aires
with the first day of cancellation date, 22 April 1982.
The attack is against the Argentine people
The first leaflet depicts the islands and a text in regard to the British fleet:
The attack is against the Argentine people. To organize resistance is our duty. They gave their lives for the
Malvinas
We don't want to win more
The second leaflet depicts the
Islands
and the text:
We don't want to win more. We want to defend what is ours. We trust our armed forces.
At first glance this second message doesn't seem to make sense, but I believe that what they are saying is:
We do not have aggressive aims on any further lands, and we just want to defend our islands.
Not even the gulls
Another anti-British Argentine leaflet depicts an armed British soldier in full dress uniform and a
Falkland Islands
sea gull. The gull points seawards and says:
Go away. No one wants you on these islands, not even the sea gulls
Lady Godiva?
Another comical anti-British leaflet depicts Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sitting naked on a sway-back horse with a British flag as saddle. The text is:
Lady Godiva?
No. Venture into the Falklands...
Reagan "TIAR" leaflet
The above 1982 leaflet shows American President Ronald Reagan wrapped in a Union Jack and squatting on a toilet marked TIAR. The letters stand for Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Rec�proca, the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance. This treatys central principle is that an attack against one is to be considered an attack against them all; sometimes called the "hemispheric defense" doctrine.
Argentina
abrogated the treaty when it fueled and armed the British navy.
And
Argentina
has
Pss, pss, pss.
This Argentine patriotic leaflet depicts Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher conspiring. Reagan is in his cowboy outfit and Thatcher is handing him a handful of money. In return, Reagan tells Thatcher Argentine military secrets and intelligence gathered by an American spy satellite depicted overhead to help her win her war. Reagan whispers in her ear:
And
Argentina
has
Pss, pss, pss.
There might be a certain degree of truth to this leaflet. A British veteran of the war told me that on reconnaissance patrols he has satellite photos of the
Falklands
that had been cropped in such a way that their origin could not be ascertained. He called it an obvious case of deniability.
To the Falklands
Another interesting Argentine leaflet depicts a Royal Navy ship sailing toward the
Falkland Islands
with four troops at attention. The text is:
To the
Falklands
When turned upside down, the leaflet depicts the same ship, now covered with bullet holes and patches and with the figure of death and four coffins. The text is:
On return to the Falklands
Alexander Haig The Ugly American
Another interesting Argentine propaganda leaflet depicts President Ronald Reagans Secretary of State General Alexander Haig, on top of a pack of
Chesterfield
Invincible silhouette on Argentine aircraft
There is an interesting Argentine study of the sea battle by Rolando Mendez entitled, 30 May 1982 - Not so Invincible The story of an Attack Denied by the British. Mendez claims that on 30 May an Argentine Super Etendard armed with an AM39 Exocet missile and two A4 Skyhawks each armed with three 500-pound bombs attacked the aircraft carrier Invincible. They used information stolen from a Russian satellite relay station to pinpoint the carrier. The British expected any attack to be from the west, so the Argentines attacked from the south, refueling twice from C-130 Hercules tankers. The Super Etendard navigated to find the target and fired the last Exocet in the Argentine inventory at a distance of approximately 24 miles. The Invincible was allegedly struck by the missile. The A4s followed the wake of the missile and bombed the carrier. The author says that the British later claimed in one version that the attack either hit the Avenger and
Exeter
, or in a second version said it was the Atlantic Conveyor that was struck. There is no proof that this mission occurred, and the British say that it never happened. Still, the authors article depicts an Argentine fighter bearing the symbol of a hit on the Invincible on its fuselage. British or Argentine disinformation? Your guess is as good as mine. Still, I do not see how the British could have crept into port with all the damage that would have occurred from an Exocet and bomb attack. It doesn't seem feasible.
In conclusion, I want to recognize the remarkable bravery of the British Navy and the Argentine Air Force. During WWII the U.S. Navy suffered its worse casualties while serving picket duty off the
island
of
Okinawa
. 49,000 men were killed or wounded. The British ships that served as pickets or supported the ground troops in the
Falklands
were close to land and unable to maneuver as they were designed to do on the high seas. Their radar was faulty due to the nearby mountains, their weapons systems "iffy," and yet they stood their ground. Two destroyers, two frigates, a large container ship, and a landing ship were sunk. Numerous other ships were badly damaged. In addition, the Navy lost twenty-four helicopters and ten Harrier jets. In fact, the ground forces lost all their Chinook helicopters (except for one that was airborne) when the Atlantic Conveyer (A converted ocean-going container ship) was hit by an Exocet missile and sunk. This led to the ground troops walking to war rather than making air assaults by helicopter.
At the same time, the Argentine Air Force attacked day after day and took terrible losses. Their pilots flew at wave top altitude to avoid British radar, then followed the lay of the land through hills and valleys while being fired at by British ground troops. They then attacked the British ships and the naval vessels responded with anti-aircraft guns and missiles. Finally, they had to return to their country through a swarm of Harriers firing sidewinder missiles. And yet, they came, day after day.
British Major Andrew M. Pullan mentions the military cost of the war in his Master of Military Arts and Science thesis, The British Infantry in the
Falklands
Conflict:
By the end of Operation Corporate the Royal Navy had only sufficient ammunition for two more nights of bombardment with the next re-supply three or so weeks away.
British casualties for the campaign were: 255 killed (217 from enemy fire, 10 from friendly fire, and 28 in aircraft crashes) and 777 wounded. Equipment losses were: 7 ships sunk (4 of which were warships), 10 warships damaged, and 3 RFA ships damaged; 10 Harriers, and 24 helicopters were destroyed. Eight of the 34 aircraft lost were to enemy fire, 13 were lost in accidents, and 13 lost when their parent ship sank. Of the killed, 148 were from the Army and Royal Marines and of these 66 were killed in set piece battles.
Argentinean losses were 746 killed (393 Navy, 55 Air Force, and 298 Army and Marines), 1,105 wounded, and 12,978 taken prisoner. Argentinean equipment losses were staggering. One cruiser, 1 submarine, 1 intelligence trawler, 2 patrol craft, and 3 transport ships were sunk. Numerous other ships were damaged; 3 small ships were captured following the surrender. Seventy-five fixed wing aircraft and 25 helicopters were destroyed or captured, 44 while flying in action. The Argentinean Army lost the equivalent of 3 Brigades worth of vehicles, weapons and stores.
British Patriotic Propaganda Labels
In time of war the use of patriotic labels for PSYOP is a common sight. In fact, they are probably one of the most numerous forms of propaganda, produced by both the government and private entrepreneurs and citizens.
The pro-British patriotic labels above were prepared to be placed on mail, windows, walls or wherever people gathered. The Argentines also produced such labels. Ian J. Strange mentions in The Falkland Islands:
Shortly after the invasion I was surprised to see small blue and white stickers resembling the Argentine flag displayed on certain house windows. Each emblem bore the words: "Usted tiene derecho a vivir en libertad," the translation being "You have the right to live in freedom," which seemed rather ironic. Why these stickers had been given to some households and not to others remains a mystery...they might well have been part of some propaganda campaign for the benefit of the media.
Falklands War Medals
.
In a message to the 3,100 residents of the islands, Queen Elizabeth said:
British forces made a stand for democracy and freedom
Since then, you have shown that their sacrifice was not in vain by your continued loyalty and determination to safeguard and develop your way of life in these islands. This week offers you an opportunity to look back with pride on your achievements and to look forward to a prosperous future, living in freedom and governed by those whom you have chosen.
Thatcher said:
The whole nation rejoiced at the success; and we should still rejoice. Aggression was defeated and reversed. The wishes of local people were upheld as paramount.
Britain
's honor and interests prevailed.
No celebration of the end of the war was held in
Argentina
. President Nestor Kirchner criticized the British victory and said:
It was a colonial victory, really unacceptable in the eyes of the world
I would like to say to Senora Thatcher that she may have won the battle because she belongs to a major power, but she never defeated us through the force of reason or justice
The islands are Argentine and by way of peace will again be Argentina's.
So, over 160 years after the British seized the
Falkland Islands
, and 25 years after the end of the war, the two sides are yet to agree.
A Look Back at the Falklands Three Decades Later
In 2011, the British considered massive cuts in their defense budget. The arguments for such cuts were obvious; in this age with this economy most nations cannot afford a large diverse military force. Some of the arguments against the cuts referenced the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands in 1982. Much of this data is found in a report published by the Defense Dateline Group.
For instance, there was a belief that the loss of the carrier HMS Ark Royal and the AV-8B Harrier II would leave the United Kingdom unable to defend the Falkland Islands from an Argentine military attack. Admiral Sandy Woodward (commander of the naval task force in 1982) said:
The simple truth is, without carriers, we would not have any hope of doing the same again.
The Defense Dateline Group counters that the Argentine military is no longer a threat.
The Argentine Navy is currently composed of four Almirate Brown class destroyers, three diesel electric submarines, nine corvettes, one converted Type 42 destroyer and a single amphibious cargo ship. This compares to a fleet that, in 1982, possessed an aircraft carrier supporting an air group of A-4 Skyhawks and S-2 Trackers, as well as an armed light cruiser, four submarines and two modern Type 42 assault ships. The Argentine Navy is smaller and less capable than it was in 1982, and the ships of the Royal Navy are now much more capable of withstanding the threats encountered in that war.
The Argentine Air Force possesses 34 A-4 Fighting Hawks, approximately 25 elderly Mirage and Israeli jets, 30 Pucara group attack aircraft, seven C-130 Hercules transport/tanker aircraft and a motley collection of transport aircraft and helicopters. In 1982, they fielded 50 Skyhawks, over 40 Mirage variants and 8 Canberra light bombers.
Meanwhile, the British have fortified the islands with Royal Air Force Typhoons with significant beyond visual range abilities that would be able to engage any Argentine aircraft long before they were able to get near the islands. Similarly, the British fleet is now protected by the anti-aircraft systems of the new Type 45 destroyers, whose capabilities are far in excess of Sea Dart and Sea Wolf missiles of 1982.
The Defense Dateline Group concludes:
The Argentine armed forces are in no state to attempt a military assault on the Falklands, or even install some kind of naval blockade. The situation for Argentina only worsens when one looks at the comparative capabilities of the British armed forces to defend the islands.
How odd that three decades after this small war, it is still being used in a debate about the military budget. As for the Argentines, I would think that hearing the British say that they did not have the will or ability to retake the Falklands might be like waving a red flag in front of a bull.
A 2015 Argentina Propaganda Banknote
The front of the banknote features the Falklands and the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands superimposed over the southern tip of both South America and Argentina. An albatross, native to the region, is located on the bottom of the center.
In what is seen as a form of numismatic propaganda, Alejandro Vanoli, president of the Central Bank of Argentina announced a redesign of their 50 peso note to include the Falkland Islands. The design of the note was unveiled last year by President Cristina Kirchner, on the 32nd anniversary of the Argentine invasion of the British archipelago, which in Argentina is termed the Malvinas. Mr. Vanoli gave the bank's reasons for the redesign:
The idea is to remind people of the undying claim of the people of Argentina over the Malvinas Islands through the everyday use of money. The new banknote bears the slogan Malvinas Islands, a sovereign love.
The back of the banknote features Argentine folk hero Antonio Rivero atop a horse and holding the national flag. In 1833, he was the leader of a small revolt on the Isla Malvinas that led to the deaths of five prominent British settlers. On the bottom of the note is a portrayal of the General Belgrano, an Argentine naval vessel sunk by a British nuclear submarine in 1982.
The banknote was mocked by the British residents of the islands. One said: I am surprised they can afford a color printer," referring to the struggling Argentine economy.
Many Argentinians felt the Government should have issued a 500-peso note instead. Argentina has one of the highest inflation rates in the world, estimated by independent experts to stand at over 35% in 2014, double the official figure.
I am sure that there is much more to learn about the PSYOP of the Falkland Islands War. The author invites comments on this article, or additions and corrections from people who took part in the campaign. Please write him at [email protected] .
� 16 June 2007
| i don't know |
Which Supermarket chain has run a series of 'Computers For Schools' voucher schemes? | Who really benefits from voucher schemes? | Education | The Guardian
Schools
Who really benefits from voucher schemes?
Voucher schemes may be good for company profits, says Francis Beckett, but they are no way to fund education
Monday 26 April 2004 21.08 EDT
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Last week Tesco announced profits of £1.7bn, and this Sunday the supermarket chain brings to an end this year's Computers for Schools promotion. These events are related. The fact that three-quarters of Britain's schools now rely for at least part of their computer equipment on Tesco is one reason why it has increased its profits again, this time by 22%.
Politicians like these schemes because they enable government to spend less on schools. Companies like them because they are what the spin doctors' magazine, PR Week, has called "a very strong below-the-line marketing technique", and what the magazine Marketing Week calls "extending the brand into schools". They harness "pester power".
Of course, that sort of candour is only for the trade press. The rest of us are offered sleek catchphrases like "putting something back into the community". Companies argue these schemes have something to do with corporate social responsibility (known as CSR, because phrases which the public relations industry has tested to destruction are always called by their bare initials). CSR, says Lucy Neville-Rolfe, Tesco's corporate affairs director, is "a win-win for our business and the communities where we operate."
The real purpose is obvious from the greedy way the thing is run. Schools have to persuade parents to spend large sums of money in order to get computer equipment, and the profit on these sales far exceeds the value of the equipment.
They say you are only spending the money you would spend anyway on groceries. But that isn't true. You get a voucher for every £10 spent, so parents frequently load their shopping trolley up a little more to get an extra voucher. And they repeatedly tie schools in for another year, by refusing to allow them to top up their vouchers with cash. If your local school has a few vouchers left over after cashing them in for a computer, it will have to "bank" them with Tesco and use them during the 10 weeks the scheme runs next year.
The voucher scheme has been run once a year for 10 weeks since 1992. Three years ago, my daughter Naomi and two friends spent breaktimes counting these wretched things, and were invited to our local store with children from other schools, apparently to take delivery of a new computer.
In fact the 10-year-olds were stage props in a tawdry public relations exercise. It turned out that the computers were not ready and would be delivered several weeks later.
If what your school wants is not computers, but books, then until November last year, the trick was to get children to stuff themselves with Walkers Crisps and parents to read the Sun and the News of the World. It was a joint promotion between the crisp company and Rupert Murdoch's News International, and Murdoch's promotions director Andy Agar was quoted on the promotions website as saying oleaginously: "Literacy is fundamental to News International's business. Free books for schools is one way we have been able to support the government's literacy targets ..." The irony of supporting literacy by getting people to read the Sun and the News of the World was lost on Mr Agar.
The only books you could have were from Murdoch's publishing company HarperCollins, and you had to spend £15 on crisps to get a £4 book. Now even that flimsy lifeline for cash-strapped schools has been cut off. The scheme, say the two companies mysteriously, has been "a victim of its own success", so "Walkers Snacks Ltd and News Group Newspapers have decided it is time for the programme to end".
What is wrong with these schemes is not that the companies profit from them - though it's distasteful to watch them pretending they are only interested in the public good. It is that state schools, in order to get essential items like books, are forced to send parents to shop at Tesco, or to encourage children and parents to buy unhealthy products like crisps and mind-rotting papers like the Sun. Children and teachers are forced to waste valuable time keeping track of the complicated bureaucracy of the schemes so as not to waste their parents' expensive efforts. Schools with well-heeled parents benefit; crumbling inner city-schools have parents who cannot afford to spend enough money on their shopping to earn substantial quantities of computer equipment.
· A small additional tax on Tesco's £1.7bn would buy an awful lot of computers.
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"Which poet wrote "" Anthem For Doomed Youth"" in 1917?" | Tesco and Sainsbury's shoppers face convictions for abusing money off vouchers | Daily Mail Online
It has emerged that one woman was cautioned by police last week after she copied a money-off coupon and used it several times in a Sainsbury¿s store. (Picture posed by model)
Stores are calling in the police to crack down on shoppers who are misusing money-off vouchers.
The big supermarkets and product manufacturers are deluging consumers with vouchers and coupons to tempt them to spend.
But this has led to a boom in voucher fraud thanks to computer technology which allows coupons to be copied and printed. Genuine coupons that should be used only once are also being used again and again.
It has emerged that one woman was cautioned by police on Friday after she copied a money-off coupon and used it several times in a Sainsbury’s store.
She created copies of a Unilever coupon, using different names on each occasion, which cut £150 off the cost of her shopping at the supermarket in Wrexham.
A decision by stores to switch to self-service tills has opened the door to voucher fraud because this does away with staff checks at the till.
This has allowed customers to scan a voucher and then retain it to use again instead of giving it up.
In July, a Cambridgeshire couple pleaded guilty to reusing a Tesco money-off coupon dozens of times in what is believed to be the first prosecution for voucher fraud.
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The Tesco Clubcard voucher for £17.50 was genuine and had been sent to Nigel and Penny Ward by the supermarket.
However, they used it 62 times at self-service checkouts in seven Tesco stores. Each time it deducted £17.50 from their bill.
By the time they were arrested, the couple had effectively obtained free groceries to the value of £1,085.
They were traced via their Clubcard details and sentenced to a 12-month community order under supervision and ordered to pay £250 each in compensation to Tesco.
The couple claimed to have fallen on hard times caused by illness.
The cases represent how stores are getting tough on shoppers who abuse the voucher system.
A huge voucher culture has emerged in tandem with the biggest squeeze on living standards in more than 60 years
The total value of vouchers distributed to customers each year is estimated at more than £500million.
The Institute of Sales Promotion, which represents the interests of companies that support money-off voucher schemes and other marketing campaigns, puts fraud at more than £300,000 a year.
It is aware of one case where a major multi-national lost £80,000 through voucher fraud.
A £2-off voucher was distributed by email to a mailing list of people who had registered as interested in a particular, high-value, food and drink product.
Some 8,000 coupons were printed off by customers. However, more than 50,000 were redeemed through supermarkets.
In a second case, a small start-up company in the food and drink sector was hit with a bill in excess of £40,000 after a money-off coupon was massively over-redeemed.
In a third case, a consumer goods company was hit for more than £150,000 because someone had faked a money-off coupon and replaced a barcode worth 30p with one worth around £6.
The institute’s chief executive, Annie Swift, said the situation is so bad that some big brands have considered dropping coupons.
‘Our members have reported a massive surge in coupon misuse and in some cases plain fraud,’ she said.
‘Money-off coupons save consumers around £500million a year. That’s a lot, particularly when family shopping budgets are being squeezed.
‘If companies stop issuing these coupons because of the potentially criminal activities of a small number of greedy people, it’s consumers who will suffer.
‘Anyone contemplating misusing money-off coupons should know that they can be caught, they can be prosecuted and they can end up with a criminal record.’
The Wrexham case was highlighted by the consumer website moneysavingexpert.com.
Its founder, Martin Lewis, said: ‘Lying or misleading firms is fraud and we strongly caution against it.’
A Sainsbury’s spokesman said: ‘We can confirm a customer was arrested at our Wrexham store on Friday.
'We have internal systems in place to monitor coupon usage and we always work closely with the relevant authorities to ensure incidents like this are rare.’
A huge voucher culture has emerged in tandem with the biggest squeeze on living standards in more than 60 years.
All sorts of retailers offer money-off vouchers, while manufacturers such as Unilever, which makes products as diverse as Persil and Flora, have their own coupons.
And City experts believe as many as 200 voucher websites operate in the UK.
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Which country won the African Nations Football Cup in 2002? | African Cup of Nations | football competition | Britannica.com
African Cup of Nations
Alternative Titles: Africa Cup of Nations, African Nations Cup
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Roger Milla
African Cup of Nations, also called Africa Cup of Nations and African Nations Cup, the most prestigious football (soccer) competition in Africa. It is contested by national teams and is organized by the Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF). The competition’s format has changed over time, with the number of teams increasing from 3 in 1957 to 16 in 1996. Growing participation also led to the introduction of qualifying rounds in 1968, the same year that CAF decided to hold the tournament biennially.
Opening ceremony of the 2015 African Cup of Nations, Bata, Equatorial Guinea.
Gavin Barker—PA Photos/Landov
The African Cup of Nations was first held in February 1957 in Khartoum , Sudan , where Egypt defeated the host nation in the final to win the Abdel Aziz Abdallah Salem Trophy, named after its donor, an Egyptian who was the first CAF president. That trophy was permanently awarded to Ghana in 1978 when it became the first country to win the tournament three times. The next trophy, known as the African Unity Cup, was awarded permanently to Cameroon in 2000 when that team claimed its third championship since 1978. In 2002 a new trophy called the Cup of Nations was introduced.
The competition has served as a showcase for the talents of African players. In the 1950s and ’60s the tournament’s attacking, entertaining style of play seized the imagination of African fans and attracted European talent scouts, agents, and journalists. Under the leadership of Ethiopian Ydnekachew Tessema, CAF president from 1972 until his death in 1987, the cup earned greater international prestige . Professionalism was allowed in 1980 and corporate sponsorships accepted in 1984. Among the cup’s greatest performers are Samuel Eto’o of Cameroon, who holds the record for most career goals scored in the Cup of Nations (18), and Ivorian striker Laurent Pokou, who tallied five goals in a 6–1 victory over Ethiopia in 1970.
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Bollingen Prize
Beyond the boundaries of the playing fields, the Cup of Nations has been a conduit for the articulation of political values and ideas. Having inherited colonial institutions devoid of indigenous symbols of national identity, many independent African governments invested considerable economic and political capital into national football teams in order to elicit pride and build unity among their diverse populations. For example, with the enthusiastic support of Ghana’s first president, Kwame Nkrumah , Ghana won the cup in 1963 and 1965. In winning the 1996 tournament at home, South Africa ’s racially mixed team seemed to symbolize football’s power to bridge the gaping social and economic inequalities left by apartheid . In contrast, the Algerian government was unable to capitalize on Algeria’s victory in the 1990 Cup of Nations, as fans celebrated the team’s triumph in Algiers by chanting their support for the opposition Islamic Salvation Front . Political tensions violently disrupted the Cup of Nations in 2010: the Togo team bus was attacked by separatist gunmen as it traveled into the Angolan exclave of Cabinda on its way to the tournament; two team officials and the bus driver were killed in the attack, and the Togolese team withdrew from the 2010 Cup of Nations, which was held with 15-team field.
The table provides a list of African Cup of Nations winners.
African Cup of Nations
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Which major car company owns 'Seat'? | History African Cup Of nations
Top Scorers
History
The biennual African Cup of Nations tournament has been played since 1957 and is thereby older than the corresponding European championship. In February 1957, beneath the heat of the Nubian Desert in Sudan, few could have predicted the expansion of the African Nations Cup.
That was precisely the aim of a meeting between seven delegates in Lisbon the previous year.
There the Confederation of African Football was formed and the organisation planned the first tournament for the following year in Khartoum.
However, as the start date drew near, there were a few hurdles to overcome, such as the exclusion of South Africa after the apartheid regime failed to approve a multi-racial team.
So with South Africa out, the tournment came down to a play-off between just three teams - Egypt, hosts Sudan and Ethiopia.
Ironically, 39 years later, at the end of apartheid, South Africa returned to rescue Caf by staging the expanded 16-team event after Kenya withdrew as hosts.
Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia played the first two tournaments in odd years before it increased to four, six, eight, 12 and then 16 teams.
Every adjustment increased the chances of seeing the best players in the continent. Papa Camara, Petit Sory and Cherif Souleymane were the cream of an excellent Guinean side who could easily be compared to the devastating Nigerian and Cameroonian squads of the last decade.
Few Africans today would have heard of the Algerian Lalmas, Ghanaian dribbling wizard Osei Kofi or Ethiopian captain Italo Vassalo - they were among a host of legends to play in the Nations Cup tournaments of the 1960s.
Since the early days, North Africa - and Ghana in particular - has maintained its reputation, while the other pioneers Ethiopia and Sudan have deteriorated.
In the space of 30 years there has been an amazing shift of power - a classic between Ethiopia and Sudan (both former champions) in the 1960s is now overshadowed by a match between Cameroon against Nigeria.
COUNTRY
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Who did David succeed as King of Judah, and later the whole of Israel? | The Bible and Interpretation - David, King of Judah (Not Israel)
The Bible and Interpretation
David, King of Judah (Not Israel)
The traditions claiming that David ruled over a “united kingdom” of Israel and Judah emerged much later. If I am right on this point, the most popular legends about David are the creation of generations who lived long after him. David’s slaying of Goliath, his exploits in the court of Saul, his relationship to Jonathan and Michal, his fate as a fugitive, his military triumphs abroad, his affair with Bathsheba, his civil war with Absalom, his succession by Solomon – all these colorfully depicted episodes were created by later generations of writers.
Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible
Emory University
July 2014
Two Narrative Strands
The most curious feature of David’s biography as we have it in the Book of Samuel is his stint as a mercenary warlord. Several chapters depict how David commands a corps of soldiers-of-fortune. Yet instead of offering his martial services to King Saul of Israel, he serves in the employ of the Philistines – Israel’s archenemies.
The one who directly enlists David’s services is named Achish. This Philistine ruler governs the city-state of Gath, situated on Judah’s western border. David’s charge is to provide protection for Achish and to yield to him a portion of the goods that he and his men collect during their raids in the Negeb (the arid region in the south of Judah extending to Eilat on the Red Sea). In return Achish grants David and his men permission to settle in the town of Ziklag.
David’s mercenary activities pose a problem. In the most familiar episodes of his life, he makes his way steadily toward the throne of Israel by valiantly combating the Philistines.
He begins his kinetic career in idyllic solitude, tending the sheep of his father Jesse. Because of his bravery and martial skills, which he acquired in duels with predators that attacked his herds, he catches the attention of King Saul’s court. He quickly makes a name for himself in Israel’s ranks as an accomplished Philistine-slayer. Among his more remarkable claims to fame is the triumph over the Philistine champion Goliath. Later, as he collects foreign foreskins to win the hand of Saul’s daughter, he takes down another (two) hundred Philistines.
Now if Achish, as the ruler of a Philistine city-state, had caught wind of David’s penchant for killing Philistines, would he have been eager to make him his bodyguard? Most likely not. Here the Book of Samuel contains a deep disparity. What are we to make of it?
Taking the disparity seriously and following it throughout the Book of Samuel, we can discern two very different narrative strands. One strand presents David serving valiantly in Saul’s forces, arousing the king’s jealousy, and then going on the lam. Eventually he seeks asylum with Achish at Gath. But the Philistine ruler soon hears about David’s feats as a soldier in Israel’s ranks. Fearing for his life, David feigns madness and makes an escape (1 Sam 21:11–15). [1]
The other narrative strand knows nothing about David’s relationship to Saul. Instead, it portrays David as a mercenary warlord. In this strand too he interacts with Achish at Gath. Yet instead of running into trouble with the Philistine king and then absconding, David gets along with him splendidly and ends up serving him for a lengthy period.
Let’s consider for a moment the second strand. In an episode from it (1 Sam 31), a band of camel-mounted Amalekites make a raid on David’s town of Ziklag, seizing all valuables and livestock as well as women and children. After catching up with the raiders, David and his men recover their wives and children together with the purloined property. His army declares the recovered goods to be “David’s spoil.” Later he sends part of the booty to the elders of Judah, saying, “here is a gift from the spoil of the enemies of Yhwh!”
This tale depicts David’s exceptional political acumen as a warlord. By distributing the spoils strategically, he makes Judah’s leaders beholden to him and secures widespread allegiance. The rewards of David’s shrewd benefaction are reported several chapters later, where the Judahites come to make David their king:
After this David inquired by oracle of Yhwh, “Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah?”
Yhwh said to him, “Go up.”
David said, “To which [town] shall I go up?”
He said, “To Hebron.”
So David went up there along with his two wives, Ahinoam of Jezreel, and Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel.
David brought with him his men, every one with his household, and they settled in the towns of Hebron.
Then the people of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the House of Judah. (2 Sam 2:1–4a)
In the versions of Samuel that have been transmitted to us, this little section is severed from the longer story of how David recovered the purloined goods from the Amalekite raiders and shared them with Judah’s elders. The text that stands between the two is the chapter-long narrative of Saul’s final battle with the Philistines and his death on Mount Gilboa. That account has nothing to do with David and his men.
Examining closely the seams connecting all these texts, we can witness how the editors of the Book of Samuel combined what appear to have been originally separate accounts of David and Saul. Thus they placed the Saul material right before the short paragraph that tells of David moving to Hebron and being made king of Judah. The editors’ intention was to set the record straight and to defend David’s name: According to the new narrative that they created, David had not mounted the throne of this secessionist state while Saul was still ruling as Israel’s king. He did not become king of Judah until after Saul died.
What we see from this survey is how easy it is to untangle separate accounts of David and Saul. In most cases, the editors of Samuel have juxtaposed these sources without thoroughly blending them, so that the David material has nothing to do with Saul, and vice versa.
Their juxtaposition of the sources could leave false impressions. For example, one source depicts Saul dying in a battle with the Philistines on Mount Gilboa. Another source presents David fighting for Achish, a Philistine ruler. Reading them together, one might suspect that David had a hand in Saul’s death. The editors went to great lengths to correct this impression. In an elaborate pre-battle scene, they report that Achish discharged David and his men right before the Philistine forces march off to fight Saul and the armies of Israel.
Surveying the literary depictions of David throughout the Book of Samuel, we can identify three types of passages:
A) Those that relate solely to David.
B) Those that relate solely to Saul.
C) Those that relate to both David and Saul.
If divided into these three categories, the oldest versions of the David account would have to be identified with those of type A. The versions of this older account know nothing of the interactions with Saul or of David’s rule over Israel. Instead they present David as warlord who consolidates the kingdom of Judah. Texts that belong to this older account include:
David’s rescue of Keilah (1 Sam 23:1–5*, 13a, [14a])
His encounter with Nabal and Abigail (1 Sam 25:2–29, 31–42)
His service as a mercenary for Achish of Gath (1 Sam 27:2–3a, [5–6], 7–11)
The sharing of war spoils with “his friends” (1 Sam 30:26b–31)
The episode at Ziklag (1 Sam 30:1b–2, 8–18a, 19–20)
His move to Hebron where he’s anointed king over Judah (2 Sam 2:1–4a, 11)
The lists of his wives and children at Hebron (2 Sam 3:2–5)
His capture and occupation of Jerusalem (2 Sam 5:4, 6–11*)
Possibly also:
David’s military success against his former Philistine employers (2 Sam 5:17b–25)
Several episodes included in 2 Samuel 6 – 9 and 10–12
The names and legends of his warriors in 2 Samuel 23
Not all of these passages were composed at the same time. For example, various statements that refer to David’s wives may belong to a secondary stratum of the account. [2] But conspicuous traces of editorial work, as well as common phraseology, suggest that these texts were drafted, and later expanded, as part of an independent history that recounts David’s consolidation of a Judahite kingdom.
In keeping with conventional parlance, I refer to this early source as the HDR, which stands for the History of David’s Reign/Rise. On analogy to my HDR, I assign texts of type B to an independent history of Saul’s reign, which I dub the HSR (History of Saul’s Reign/Rise).
HDR = The History of David’s Reign/Rise
HSR = The History of Saul’s Reign/Rise
According to the thesis argued in my book, the authors of the Book of Samuel synthesized the HDR and the HSR and composed a great deal of material to connect them. They wove together these separate filaments in such a way that the episodes of David as a warlord become his adventures during his flight from Saul. This redactional shift has left unmistakable traces in the language. For example, David’s original “roving” (hithalleḳ) as a desperado becomes his “fleeing” (baraḥ) as a fugitive from Saul’s court.
Introducing David
What can we say about the beginning of the HDR? This is an exceptionally thorny problem. [3] It’s possible that those who combined the David and Saul histories deleted the introduction. I worked under this assumption for many years. But reading through these biblical texts one evening in a Tel Aviv cafe, I stumbled upon a promising possibility. It’s a line that one can easily miss, because it is imbedded within the Goliath story and appears long after the reader has already been introduced to David.
Now David was the offspring of an Ephrathite from Bethlehem in Judah named Jesse, who had eight sons.... David was the youngest. (1 Sam 17:12a, 14a)
Remarkably, when we eliminate all the material that has to do with Saul in the immediately following chapters, we come across another line that is closely linked to this piece of biographical data:
And everyone who was desperate, in debt, or discontent gathered to him and he became captain (śār) over them. Those who were with him numbered about 400. (1 Sam 22:2)
By reporting that David is the youngest of no fewer than eight sons, the narrator signals to the reader that he stood very little chance of inheriting much property. One would therefore expect David to seek another way of making a name for himself. Throughout history – and still common today among some aristocracy – younger sons have sought careers in the military (and the clergy). With little chance of inhering much property in family of eight boys, it is not surprising that David becomes a warlord, forming a private army from renegades, discontents, and social outcasts.
Readers have often observed the analogies between David’s story and that of another warlord in the Bible – Jephthah. This figure from the Book of Judges is the son of a prostitute. In dispute with his father’s sons, he is forced to relinquish his rights to an inheritance and flees for his life. Far away from his home, on the margins of civilization, a band of desperadoes (literally “empty” or “desperate men”) gather around him, and he leads them on raids of martial adventure:
Now Jephthah the Gileadite, the son of a prostitute, was a mighty warrior. Gilead was Jephthah’s father. Gilead’s wife bore him other sons, and when his wife’s sons grew up, they drove Jephthah away, saying to him, “You shall not inherit anything in our father’s house, for you are another woman’s son.” Then Jephthah fled from his brothers and lived in the land of Tob. Desperadoes gathered around him and went raiding with him. (Judg 11:1–3)
Years later the Ammonites attack his country. As they prepare for war, the elders seek out Jephthah and persuade him to be their commander. The former outcast agrees on the condition that he would be the leader of Gilead.
This legend reminds us of the statement that “everyone who was in dire straits, in debt, or discontent” gathered around David, and he became their “captain.” The outcasts are the same troops with whom he makes a name for himself on his way to becoming king of Judah. Just as Jephthah becomes a powerful warlord and later the head of Gilead because of a conflict with his brothers over their father’s inheritance, David becomes the lord of a large corps of troops because he stood little chance of inheriting a patrimony. And just as Jephthah uses his private army to advance to the head of his society, David carves a kingdom for himself with his band of soldiers.
This opening to the oldest David account, in its length and literary style, bears striking resemblances not only to the Jephthah legend but also to the biography of Idrimi, a figure who ruled the city-state of Alalakh (on Turkey’s southern coast) in the fifteenth century bce. That biography describes how Idrimi, after a dispute, flees to the land of his mother. Later he goes to Canaan. There many gather around him and make him their captain. In the end he returns to assume the throne of his ancestral home in Alalakh.
The many analogies to careers of Jephthah and David are obvious. In 1976 two biblical scholars working at the Jewish Theological Seminary, Ed Greenstein and David Marcus, published a careful study that synoptically juxtaposes the accounts of David, Jephthah, and Idrimi, illustrating their many points of overlap. [4] One of the commonalities includes the passage just cited that describes how the destitute gathered around David as their captain. Yet Marcus and Greenstein did not find an introduction in the David narrative corresponding to Idrimi’s and Jephthah’s beginnings: Idrimi is forced to flee after some dispute, just as Jephthah is chased away after a falling-out with his brothers. In the column for David, there is a blank space.
The line that I isolated – reporting that David is the youngest of eight brothers and thus, by implication, stood to inherit little if anything from his father’s estate – is a perfect candidate for that parallel introduction. As such, a biblical and an extrabiblical parallel confirm the plausibility of my reconstruction.
Creating Judah
One could perhaps argue that the authors conceived the HDR as a prelude to the account of David’s succession to Saul’s throne. But the complete absence of references to Saul, his family, and the people of Israel – even in later portions that have been added to it – suggests that the authors were not cognizant of any connections between David and the kingdom of Israel.
The HDR orients David’s horizon in territories south of Hebron, northward toward Jerusalem on the border of Benjamin, and westward into the Shephelah. In other words, this older narrative does not present David as ruler over core territories of the northern kingdom of Israel.
One can still feel the polemical force of the HDR. It affirms that the important Philistine city-state of Gath did not create Judah as a marionette state and that David did not owe his Judahite throne to Achish, Gath’s king. Although David begins in the employ of Achish, he exploits his patronage to assault the enemies of the Judahites along with the Jerahmeelites, or Kenites (or Kenizzites) – populations of what would become the kingdom of Judah (1 Sam 27:8–12).
Rather than rising to power as a Philistine puppet, David forges a kingdom on his own initiative and according to his own political vision. He consolidates a state out of various regions, cities, and clans, all of which unite under the banner of “the House of Judah.”
The account implies that the kingdom’s population includes Calebites, Jerahmeelites, Kenites (or Kenizzites), and formerly independent cities, while excluding the Geshurites, Girzites, and Amalekites. All these clans are frustratingly obscure, but several appear repeatedly within our texts, and I will discuss them later.
The HDR’s authors take pride in showing how David consolidated the kingdom of Judah. If this is the greatest feat they could ascribe to him, it follows that they didn’t know about his more impressive achievements, such as his rule over the much larger state of Israel.
Their silence in this regard warrants what will be for many a surprising conclusion: The traditions claiming that David ruled over a “united kingdom” of Israel and Judah emerged much later. If I am right on this point, the most popular legends about David are the creation of generations who lived long after him. David’s slaying of Goliath, his exploits in the court of Saul, his relationship to Jonathan and Michal, his fate as a fugitive, his military triumphs abroad, his affair with Bathsheba, his civil war with Absalom, his succession by Solomon – all these colorfully depicted episodes were created by later generations of writers.
The HDR would have presented numerous problems for later Judahite readers who saw themselves as members of the people of Israel, especially for those living after the Assyrian conquest of Israel (722 bce). Many of the biblical texts that we examine here likely originated as responses to this political catastrophe. Their authors portray David making his debut in the service of Israel’s king, provoking his animosity and fleeing from him, and then eventually mounting his throne. We may safely regard these texts as editorial attempts to fuse what were originally two independent accounts (the HDR and HSR). As synthetic texts, they harmonize the histories in ingenious ways.
But the authors of Samuel could only achieve so much by adding material to the older sources. This is where the Book of Chronicles comes into play. Its authors, working in the late Persian or Hellenistic period, resorted to the radical option of text eradication. They erased most remnants of the oldest David and Saul accounts, creating in the process a “revisionist history” that portrays the representatives of Israel (not solely Judah, as in Samuel), after Saul’s death, coming to David at his home in Hebron. There the people anoint David king over the people of Israel. Chronicles describes at length how the nation’s leaders take part in this momentous event. Lest there be any doubt that these leaders represented the entire nation, we are told, “All the rest of Israel were of one mind to make David king.”
Thus, in the older sources, a warlord manages – through both political calculation and brute force – to become king over “the House of Judah.” In the later history of Chronicles, we have an innocent darling who is spontaneously anointed king by the entire nation of Israel.
Chronicles thus completely erases the memory of this hero’s origins as a warlord serving in the employ of a Philistine ruler. It has nothing to say about how he greased the palms of the Judahite elders so that they would confer to him the scepter of royal rule. And it wipes out all traces of the older memories in which David first reigned as king of Judah before assuming the throne of Israel. According to this alternative view, there was no kingdom of Judah until much later, when Rehoboam and Jeroboam cleaved Israel into two separate states.
Confederations of Israel and Judah
Let’s now take a closer look at the earliest accounts of David’s reign. I’ve claimed here that the authors who composed the Book of Samuel drew selectively from the independent histories of David (HDR) and Saul (HSR), while also significantly expanding and recontextualizing them. Much later the authors of Chronicles radically reworked this history. Although based on the narrative from Samuel, their new account eliminates most of the remnants of the HDR and HSR. What remained were just a few fragments, and even they have been thoroughly reworked.
Much of twentieth-century biblical research occupied itself with the problem of Israel’s origins. Today an increasing number of historians agree that the Bible’s authors took many centuries to flesh out their understanding of Israel as an expansive, heterogeneous, yet unified people. Even so, many still tend to historicize the biblical account. In doing so, they follow a long-established pattern in scholarship.
Thus both the progressive German historian Julius Wellhausen (d. 1918) and the conservative Israeli historian Abraham Malamat (d. 2010), who worked a century after Wellhausen, claimed that King David managed to revive Israel’s unity after it had dwindled away during the “Period of the Judges.” The way in which both Wellhausen and Malamat situate David in Israel’s history is little more than a selective retelling of the biblical story. Many, if not most, scholars now consider the “Period of the Judges” to be an unalloyed historiographical construction.
More troublesome is the manner in which Wellhausen and Malamat force the biblical accounts to fit their reconstruction. These accounts attribute the reconsolidation of Israel to Samuel and to Saul – yet not to David. In fact, the Book of Samuel depicts David tearing asunder Israel’s unity in the process of creating the kingdom of Judah. Only Chronicles, a very late biblical work, presents David as the catalyst of Israel’s unity. In claiming otherwise, one adopts its revisionist perspective.
A more elaborate model for the origins of Israel and Judah was advanced by two of the most influential biblical scholars of the twentieth century: Albrecht Alt (d. 1956) and Martin Noth (d. 1968). They claimed that the various tribes that settled in Canaan united into a large alliance or confederacy of tribes called Israel. Noth compared the confederacy to “amphictyonies” from the East Aegean. Both Alt and Noth, and their many students, saw the “Israelite amphictyony” as more religious (or cultic) than political in character. Even so, they identified the confederacy as the direct precursor to the later kingdom of Israel.
Furthermore, according to Alt and Noth, Judah was much more centralized than Israel. Although it is said to have begun as a confederacy, called “Greater Judah,” it differed from Israel in that it was more statist in character. It was also smaller, including only six tribes, all from the southern hill country: Judahites, Calebites, Othnielites, Kenites, Jerahmeelites, and Simeonites. Only two of these tribes – the Judahites and Simeonites – are included in the Bible’s canonical catalogue of Israel’s twelve tribes.
For the many scholars who have embraced Alt’s and Noth’s reconstruction, the question has been whether the confederacy of “Greater Judah” constitutes the work of the historical David or antedates his achievements. Sigmund Mowinckel and Roland de Vaux argued that David created “Greater Judah,” while Alt and Noth claimed that this confederacy existed before David. [5]
This debate, which has persisted over the course of the twentieth century, rests to a considerable extent on an uncritical reading of selected passages from the Book of Samuel. Chief among them is the register of cities that received a share of David’s war booty:
When David came to Ziklag, he sent part of the spoil to the elders of Judah, his friends, saying, “Here is a gift for you – part of the spoil of Yhwh’s enemies.” It was for those in:
Bethel, Ramoth of the Negeb, Jattir, Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa, Racal, the towns of the Jerahmeelites, the towns of the Kenites [alternatively: Kenizzites], Hormah, Bor-Ashan, Athach, Hebron – all the places where David and his men had roamed. (1 Sam 30:26–31)
Alexander Fischer from the University of Jena argues that this register must have originated long after the reign of David. Fischer points to the evidence that the sites listed in the register were not occupied until the late eighth century BCE. If he is correct – as I think he is – the thesis of “Greater Judah” forfeits one of its most important intrabiblical proofs. [6]
Although the register doesn’t date to the time of David, it may have belonged to early editions of the HDR. Notice how it forms a continuation (or what cuneiform scholars call “join”) to the account of David’s time in the service of Achish (1 Sam 27:2–3a, 7–12a, and 1 Sam 30:26–31).
Read together, these passages report the various places where David sent a share of the booty that he had captured on his raids. The mention of “the towns of the Jerahmeelites and the towns of the Kenites (or Kenizzites),” even if it might be an editorial gloss, links back nicely to the locations David mentions in his response to Achish. Also, the concluding summary (“and to all the place where David and his men roamed”) dovetails superbly with the account of David’s service in the employ of Achish. Yet it makes much less sense when read in its present context – at the end of the lengthy episode describing the Amalekites’ raid on Ziklag.
That episode at Ziklag provides a new context in which to understand David’s distribution of war spoils to the elders of Judah. Instead of seizing wealth during his depredations of southern territories, he recaptures goods that the Amalekite marauders had taken when they assailed Ziklag. If we remove the lines that integrate the account with the larger narrative of the book, it would begin by reporting how a band of Amalekites made a razzia on Ziklag and then are pursued by David and his men (1 Sam 30:1b–2, 8:18a, 19–20).
What follows this account is the register of cities just discussed. A primary objective of the episode is to explain the origins of the goods that David distributed among Judah’s elites who later place him on the throne. Its authors make it clear that David had not purloined these goods during his unsavory expeditions as a mercenary in the service of a Philistine. Rather, he had heroically recovered them from “the enemies of Yhwh,” who in turn had seized them as war spoils on their raids in “the Negeb of the Cherethites, and in the [territories] that belong to Judah, and in the Negeb of Caleb.” [7] In keeping with its heroic portrayal of Judah’s first king, the account may have originally presented Ziklag as a town that David rescues, similar to his liberation of Keilah. The possibility that Ziklag may have been located in the Negeb, rather than in proximity to Gath, lends weight to this suggestion.
So we can see that the register of cities that received a share of David’s war spoils is not a late supplement. Although the passage likely does not derive from David’s time, we have good reason to believe that it belongs to the older portions of the HDR. An excerpt from the independent Saul history (the HSR) now severs those older portions that were once tightly linked. Yet prior to the insertion of the Saul material, the earliest narrative of David’s life transitioned directly from this account of him sharing his war spoils to the passage in which he is anointed king over the “House of Judah.”
What all this means is that the oldest source related to David is very much concerned with Judah’s political constitution.
Dating Our Sources
Yet how old is this oldest source? To answer the question, we need to consider several factors. To begin with, the authors do not adopt the “canonical” view according to which Judah is one of Israel’s tribes. Rather, they tell how originally autonomous regions and unrelated clans consolidated under the banner of “the House of Judah.” What catalyzes their consolidation is not an ancient kinship (that is, their identity as “children of Israel”), but rather shared political and economic interests. Perennial raids by common enemies imperil these interests. It is David who rids the region of the menace. He gives the elders of the resident clans a generous share of the spoils. Predictably, the same group later crowns him king.
In presenting Judah as patchwork kingdom with regions, cities, and clans, each with their own identity and agendas, the authors of the HDR probably were not drawing on memories from the time of David or even reconstructing the period as they imagined it. More likely they were mirroring the political character of Judah during the ninth and eighth centuries bce, when Judahite collective consciousness was beginning to emerge.
Judah assumed a major role in the southern Levant after the defeat of Israel in the late eighth century bce. During this period, Jerusalem underwent massive growth. If the city does not figure prominently in this early history of David’s reign, it is likely because the authors knew that it had only recently become Judah’s capital. For ideological reasons, later tradition claimed it was the capital already in the days of David, the founder of the Judahite state.
The HDR is, as we have seen, preoccupied with Judah. Even passages that can be identified as supplements do not have the northern kingdom of Israel in their field of vision. Instead they are entirely consumed with Judahite concerns, seeking to show how originally unrelated clans and regions came together to form a political unity, with Hebron at its center. Long after the destruction of Israel in 722 bce, many would not have been interested in affirming commonalities with Israel. Even so, the HDR’s inattention to Israel says much about its origins.
The silence suggests that this source was completed before the Assyrian conquest in 722 bce. After Israel’s defeat, and probably already in anticipation of it, many Judahite authors eagerly put forward the Davidic monarchy and Jerusalem as the rallying point for the inhabitants of the erstwhile kingdom of Israel.
One product of their activity is the synthesis of the independent Saul and David histories that we find in the Book of Samuel. That synthesis created the many episodes in which Saul seeks David’s life – the episodes most relevant to the study of war commemoration that we are about to undertake. What drives the composition of a good portion of these texts is a concern not only to show that David and Judah are part of Israel, but also to assert David’s solicitude for Saul or his ascendancy – morally and politically – over him.
Saul may have originally only represented the territory of Benjamin, but in time he came to stand for Israel, just as David represents Judah. David treats Saul with respect and deference, spares his life more than once, mourns his death, and performs acts of benefaction for his household. These narratives summon Israel to join Judah by showing that Judah’s royal dynasty is the one chosen by Israel’s God to rule – an election that David himself manifested repeatedly vis-à-vis the reigning king.
All these texts bespeak Judah’s self-consciousness as the successor state to Israel. As the youngest of eight sons, David is an underdog. Yet he is divinely chosen to replace Saul at an early point. However, he does not manage to mount the throne until much later – after years of wars with Israel, culminating in the death of Saul and his sons. Only then does Israel embrace him as king. The correspondences to Israel’s and Judah’s political histories are undeniable.
These texts, which combine and synthesize the HDR and HSR, must have been written before 586 bce. They reflect attempts by the Davidic dynasty to address communities in the north. Asserting their authority over “all Israel,” they affirm that Israel’s kings had broken away from Jerusalem and the divinely chosen royal line. But those who still lived in the land could now return to it, especially now that Assyria had deported these illegitimate rulers.
While it is possible that this literary activity predates Israel’s demise in 722 bce, it is not likely: Until this time, Judah’s kings were much weaker than those in Israel, and they were not in the position to expect Israel’s population to recognize themselves as their legitimate rulers.
The oldest story of David’s life presents him carving out, and ruling over, the kingdom of Judah—not Israel. If I am right on this point, the most popular legends about David are the creation of generations who lived long after him. David’s slaying of Goliath, his exploits in the court of Saul, his relationship to Jonathan and Michal, his fate as a fugitive, his military triumphs abroad, his affair with Bathsheba, his civil war with Absalom, his succession by Solomon – all these colorfully depicted episodes were created by later generations of writers.
Footnotes
[1] The next verse, found in the following chapter, begins with David leaving from somewhere: “David departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam and when his brothers and all his father’s house heard, they joined him there.” The original referent of “from there” is likely not the court of Achish but rather Nob, where David visits the priest Ahimelech (21:1–10). Here we can see how the author neatly inserted this episode with Achish into an existing framework.
On the Philistines in the Bible and Israel’s history, see the brilliant article by Peter Machinist, “Biblical Traditions: The Philistines and Israelite History,” in E.D. Oren (ed.), The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment (Philadelphia: University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, 2000), pp. 53-83.
[2] See 1 Sam 25; 27:3; 30:3, 5, 18; 2 Sam 2:2. In this older history, David begins with two wives (1 Sam 25:43, 27:3, 30:5, 2 Sam 2:2) and then takes on others (3:2). But he is not yet married to Michal, in contradiction to 1 Sam 18–19! The contradiction is explained redactionally in 1 Sam 25:44 and 2 Sam 3:13ff.
[3] The Book of Samuel introduces David to the reader not just twice but several times, and each in different ways:
– 1 Sam 14:52, 16:19–22 (expanded with 16:14–18, 23);
– 1 Sam 17:12–39*;
– 1 Sam 17:55 – 1 Sam 18:4.
The oldest introduction is likely the third one: Later in this story Saul has no idea who David is and asks his general about him: “When Saul saw David go out against the Philistine, he said to Abner, the commander of the army, ‘Abner, whose son is this young man?’ Abner said, ‘As your soul lives, O king, I do not know.’ The king said, ‘Inquire whose son the stripling is’” (1 Sam 17:55–56).
[4] “The Akkadian Inscription of Idrimi,” JANES 8 (1976): 59–96.
[5] For an overview of this discussion, see H. J. Zobel, “Beiträge zur Geschichte Gross-Judas in früh- und vordavidischer Zeit,” in Congress Volume Edinburgh 1974 (Vetus Testamentum Supplements 28; Leiden: Brill, 1975), 253–77. A related issue in past research is whether the Judahite coalition already saw itself as somehow related to the larger Israelite amphictyony or whether the union of these two groups was David’s achievement.
[6] Alexander Fischer, “Beutezug und Segensgabe. Zur Redaktionsgeschichte der Liste in 1 Sam. XXX 26–31,” Vetus Testamentum 53 (2003): 48–64.
[7] A somewhat conflicting statement is found in 1 Sam 30:16b. These statements likewise do not match precisely 1 Sam 27:8–10. Even so, it’s not necessary to ascribe these differences to multiple authors. The Ziklag episode is likely an early addition to the older HDR. It is closely connected to the insertion of a supplement that tells how David received this town from Achish (1 Sam 27:5–6). The secondary nature of that supplement is reflected not only in the tight connection between vv. 3a and 7 but also in the fact that vv. 7–12 present David returning to Achish and do not presuppose his residence in Ziklag. The Ziklag episode as reconstructed here does not present the town as David’s residence (but rather as a town that David rescued, similar to Keilah); as such, it would predate the insertion of 27:5–6.
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Background
The experiment with the opulence and power of the great eastern kingdoms had ended in disaster for Israel. King Solomon created the wealthiest and most powerful central government the Hebrews would ever see, but he did so at an impossibly high cost. Land was given away to pay for his extravagances and people were sent into forced labor into Tyre in the north. When Solomon died, between 926 and 922 BCE, the ten northern tribes refused to submit to his son, Rehoboam , and revolted.
From this point on, there would be two kingdoms of Hebrews: in the north - Israel , and in the south - Judah . The Israelites formed their capital in the city of Samaria, and the Judaeans kept their capital in Jerusalem . These kingdoms remained separate states for over two hundred years.
The history of the both kingdoms is a litany of ineffective, disobedient, and corrupt kings. When the Hebrews had first asked for a king, in the book of Judges , they were told that only God was their king. When they approached Samuel the Prophet, he told them the desire for a king was an act of disobedience and that they would pay dearly if they established a monarchy. The history told in the Hebrew book, Kings , bears out Samuel's warning.
The Hebrew empire eventually collapses, Moab successfully revolts against Judah , and Ammon successfully secedes from Israel . Within a century of Solomon 's death, the kingdoms of Israel and Judah were left as tiny little states - no bigger than Connecticut - on the larger map of the Middle East.
As history proved time and again in the region, tiny states never survived long. Located directly between the Mesopotamian kingdoms in the northeast and powerful Egypt in the southwest, the Hebrew Kingdoms were of the utmost commercial and military importance to all these warring powers. Being small was a liability.
The Conquest of Israel
In 722 BC, the Assyrians conquered Israel. The Assyrians were aggressive and effective; the history of their dominance over the Middle East is a history of constant warfare. In order to assure that conquered territories would remain pacified, the Assyrians would force many of the native inhabitants to relocate to other parts of their empire. They almost always chose the upper and more powerful classes, for they had no reason to fear the general mass of a population. They would then send Assyrians to relocate in the conquered territory.
When they conquered Israel, they forced the ten tribes to scatter throughout their empire. For all practical purposes, you might consider this a proto- Diaspora ("diaspora"="scattering"), except that these Israelites disappear from history permanently; they are called "the ten lost tribes of Israel." Why this happened is difficult to assess. The Assyrians did not settle the Israelites in one place, but scattered them in small populations all over the Middle East. When the Babylonians later conquered Judah, they, too, relocate a massive amount of the population. However, they move that population to a single location so that the Jews can set up a separate community and still retain their religion and identity. The Israelites deported by the Assyrians, however, do not live in separate communities and soon drop their Yahweh religion and their Hebrew names and identities.
The Samaritans
One other consequence of the Assyrian invasion of Israel involved the settling of Israel by Assyrians. This group settled in the capital of Israel, Samaria, and they took with them Assyrian gods and cultic practices. But the people of the Middle East were above everything else highly superstitious. Even the Hebrews didn't necessarily deny the existence or power of other peoples' godsjust in case. Conquering peoples constantly feared that the local gods would wreak vengeance on them. Therefore, they would adopt the local god or gods into their religion and cultic practices.
Within a short time, the Assyrians in Samaria were worshipping Yahweh as well as their own gods; within a couple centuries, they would be worshipping Yahweh exclusively. Thus was formed the only major schism in the Yahweh religion: the schism between the Jews and the Samaritans. The Samaritans, who were Assyrian and therefore non-Hebrew, adopted almost all of the Hebrew Torah and cultic practices; unlike the Jews, however, they believed that they could sacrifice to God outside of the temple in Jerusalem. The Jews frowned on the Samaritans, denying that a non-Hebrew had any right to be included among the chosen people and angered that the Samaritans would dare to sacrifice to Yahweh outside of Jerusalem. The Samaritan schism played a major role in the rhetoric of Jesus of Nazareth ; and there are still Samaritans alive today around the city of Samaria.
The Conquest of Judah
"There but for the grace of god go I." Certainly, the conquest of Israel scared the people and monarchs of Judah . They barely escaped the Assyrian menace, but Judah would be conquered by the Chaldeans about a century later. In 701, the Assyrian Sennacherib would gain territory from Judah, and the Jews would have suffered the same fate as the Israelites. But by 625 BC, the Babylonians, under Nabopolassar, would reassert control over Mesopotamia, and the Jewish king Josiah aggressively sought to extend his territory in the power vacuum that resulted. But Judah soon fell victim to the power struggles between Assyrians, Babylonians, and Egyptians. When Josiah's son, Jehoahaz, became king, the king of Egypt, Necho (put into power by the Assyrians), rushed into Judah and deposed him, and Judah became a tribute state of Egypt. When the Babylonians defeated the Egyptians in 605 BC, then Judah became a tribute state to Babylon. But when the Babylonians suffered a defeat in 601 BC, the king of Judah, Jehoiakim, defected to the Egyptians. So the Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar, raised an expedition to punish Judah in 597 BC. The new king of Judah, Jehoiachin, handed the city of Jerusalem over to Nebuchadnezzar, who then appointed a new king over Judah, Zedekiah. In line with Mesopotamian practice, Nebuchadnezzar deported around 10,000 Jews to his capital in Babylon; all the deportees were drawn from professionals, the wealthy, and craftsmen. Ordinary people were allowed to stay in Judah. This deportation was the beginning of the Exile .
The story should have ended there. However, Zedekiah defected from the Babylonians one more time. Nebuchadnezzar responded with another expedition in 588 and conquered Jerusalem in 586. Nebuchadnezzar caught Zedekiah and forced him to watch the murder of his sons; then he blinded him and deported him to Babylon. Again, Nebuchadnezzr deported the prominent citizens, but the number was far smaller than in 597: somewhere between 832 and 1577 people were deported.
The Hebrew kingdom, started with such promise and glory by David , was now at an end. It would never appear again, except for a brief time in the second century BC, and to the Jews forced to relocate and the Jews left to scratch out a living in their once proud kingdom, it seemed as if no Jewish nation would ever exist again. It also seemed as if the special bond that Yahweh had promised to the Hebrews, the covenant that the Hebrews would serve a special place in history, had been broken and forgotten by their god. This period of confusion and despair, a community together but homeless in the streets of Babylon, makes up one of the most significant historical periods in Jewish history: the Exile.
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Who was leader of the ruling Argentinean 'Junta' in 1982? | Manchester travel guide - Wikitravel
City information[ edit ]
Manchester Town Hall
Manchester is in the northwest region of England and is characterised by its friendly, approachable inhabitants. Manchester is located about equidistant between Liverpool and Leeds , which are roughly 1 hour's travel each by road or rail from Manchester city centre. The expansion of the modern city has its roots in the 1800's when it became the world's first industrial city through the development of the cotton industry. The remnants of this development are still commonly visible through the red-brick mills of the period. The city had challenges following the decline of this industry in the twentieth century, however Investment in the city's regeneration following the 1996 IRA bomb and 2002 Commonwealth Games paid off and Manchester is well worth a visit.
The city has developed dramatically in the last two decades and the city has a vibrant, cosmopolitan, exciting air. The city is being positioned as the heart of a new 'Northern Powerhouse', providing links to the surrounding cities and regions and delivering a counterweight to London in the south. Manchester is therefore well positioned to be used as a base to explore northern England and North Wales, with excellent air, rail, tram and road links.
Although it has the image of being very wet, the rainfall and number of rainy days in Manchester are actually less than the UK average.
Manchester is a city where people are choosing to settle and the population of the city and surrounding region is increasing. It is seen by many as young, vibrant and cutting edge city, where there is always something happening. Many see their city as a rival to London, albeit on a more human scale; never mind the ongoing battle with Birmingham for "The Second City" title. The "Manchester brand" is seen to extend well beyond the immediate city's boundaries and across Greater Manchester. This serves to reflect the influence it has on the wider region as a whole.
Over the years, many have moved to Manchester from London. These people are by no means all returning to their northern roots. Some are from overseas, who stopped off down south on their way north in search of a more affordable urban existence, or indeed Londoners and natives of Southern England who have been priced out of the housing market. Northerners do talk to each other and to strangers. Just compare asking for directions in London and Manchester and the difference is often clear. Locals are generally proud of Manchester and all it offers. Positive comments and praise go down a treat with the locals, and with all that has happened in recent years, such is often due.
The adjective associated with Manchester is Mancunian or simply Manc. The distinctive linguistic accent of the city's indigenous inhabitants. Some pronunciations are more closely related to that of Liverpool with its strong north-Waleian (Welsh) roots than it is to the Lancastrian or Cestrian of the neighbouring cotton towns.
Manchester Visitor Information Centre, Piccadilly Plaza, Portland Street, Manchester, M1 4BT, phone: 0871 222 8223 ( [email protected] fax: +44 161 236 9900) [2] Mon-Sat 09:30 - 17:30, Sun 10:30 - 16:30 (recorded information available by phone outside these times). The Visitor Centre has up-to-date lists of places to eat and sleep. The old visitor centre used to be near the town hall so if you ask for directions and someone says that's where it is then they're wrong. Try asking for directions to Piccadilly Gardens - the new Visitor information place is near the tram stop there.
History[ edit ]
Manchester was the site of the Roman Fort Mamucium (breast-shaped) in AD 79 but a town was not built until the 13th Century. The old Roman road that ran to the nearby fort of Coccium ( Wigan ) is mirrored today by the route through Atherton & Tyldesley. A priests' college and church (now Chetham's School and Library and the Cathedral) were established in Manchester in 1421. Early evidence of its tendency towards political radicalism was its support for Parliament during the Civil War and in 1745 for the Jacobite forces of the Young Pretender.
It was not until the start of the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th Centuries that this small mediaeval town would build its fortune. The presence of an existing cloth trade, coupled with the mechanisation of spinning in nearby Bolton , created a thriving cotton industry in Manchester. The damp, humid atmosphere was good for cotton spinning since it meant less broken threads and cut down on the risk of explosions from cotton dust. Water power rapidly gave way here to steam invented by Boulton and Watt and a steam-driven factory was built in the Ancoats Northern Quarter section of the city. By the end of the 19th Century, Manchester was one of the 10 biggest urban centres on earth (even before counting the wider population, within 50 miles of the Northern England region, such as Liverpool, Sheffield, Bradford, Leeds, and Central Lancashire ).
Whitworth, inventor of the eponymous mass-cut screw thread, also manufactured his equally revolutionary rifled guns in huge quantities at his factory on Sackville Street. After their initial meeting at the Midland Hotel, still one of the city's most luxurious, Rolls and Royce began manufacture of their luxury motor cars in Hulme .
Trafford Park, in Trafford, was to become the first industrial estate in the world, housing the Ford Motor Company and much of the pre-wartime aircraft industry, notably the 'Lancaster' Bombers of the AVRO Co.
Manchester's Midland Hotel was the first meeting place of Mr Rolls and Mr Royce, before the formation of the famous car company Rolls Royce.
Manchester's success during the Victorian era and before is evident everywhere you look. Great Ancoats Street was a source of wonder to Schinkel, the neo-classical architect from Berlin. Equally grandiose neo-Gothic buildings line the old Financial District around King Street, and public institutions such as the University and the many libraries are dotted around everywhere. There is even a statue of Abraham Lincoln in Lincoln Square (Brazennose Street, straight across Albert Square from the Town Hall main entrance) commemorating his personal thanks for Manchester's support during a cotton famine created by Britain's refusal to run the Federal blockade of the slave-owning Confederacy during the American Civil War.
Continuing its radical political tradition, Manchester was the home of opposition to the Corn Laws and espoused Free Trade, as well as Chartism and the Great Reform Act. It was instrumental in the establishment of socialism in the UK. Both Engels and Marx frequented the city; the former was himself an industrialist, thanks to his being a partner in a German family firm that owned a cotton factory in Manchester, and on the basis of his experiences conducted his famous inquiry into the condition of the working class. The latter drew heavily on his friend's experience in order to develop his celebrated critique of political economy, an incisive and original analysis of the capitalist mode of production which retains great relevance today, despite its being shoehorned into the traditions of Russian authoritarianism by the Soviet revolutionaries, with generally disastrous consequences. Cleaving to a more gently pragmatic English tradition Manchester was the birthplace of the Trades Union Congress which led to the creation of the Labour Party, as well as of the Co-operative Wholesale Society, now part of the Co-operative Group, the world's largest consumer co-operative still headquartered in the city. It was also home to a number of philanthropists of the industrial age, such as John Owens and John Dalton, who bequeathed large parts of their fortunes to improving the city.
In more recent times, Manchester has been famous for its influence on the UK music scene. The Madchester movement of the early 1980s, started by Factory Records and Joy Division, led to the creation of the Haçienda nightclub (now unfortunately demolished after standing empty for many years) and the birth of modern club culture. Manchester has given life to many hugely successful musicians, among them The Stone Roses, The Smiths, The Fall, Joy Division/New Order, The Happy Mondays, Oasis, James, and Badly Drawn Boy.
At 11:20, on Saturday, 15 June 1996, Manchester's city centre was rocked by a huge 1500 kg IRA bomb blast. Although preliminary intelligence managed to clear people from the scene enough for there to be no fatalities, the very heart of the city was ripped to shreds. A huge amount of money and effort was put into regenerating this bomb damaged part of the centre, redubbed the Millennium Quarter . The area has renewed interest in the centre and contains the entertainment and shopping heart of the city.
Student life[ edit ]
Central Manchester is home to two of the largest universities in the UK. The University of Manchester (formed from a merger of Manchester University and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)) [3] and Manchester Metropolitan University (aka 'Man Met', formerly the Polytechnic, itself a conglomeration of municipal colleges), as well as the Royal Northern College of Music. There is also The University of Salford , within one mile of the city centre, which is renowned as a European Centre of excellence in Media and well renowned for its healthcare courses. Together they create a body of over 86 000 students living full-time in the city.
Manchester is often named 'best student city'. It is very welcoming to the student lifestyle and many establishments in the centre and South Manchester are geared towards students; eating and drinking in Manchester can be very inexpensive due to the high competition that goes on between these establishments.
However, if you want to be far from students, there are many places that are not frequented by students although you may have to be prepared to pay a little extra. Also, a few places have a strictly 21+ policy so take identification with you. But those places are quite rare. In the student areas of Fallowfield and Withington, some venues operate a student-only policy so production of a student card (or something resembling a student card) is necessary.
Sporting[ edit ]
Manchester is famous all over the world thanks to its football clubs, the world renowned Manchester United ( Old Trafford ) who have the record number of 20 English football league titles and Manchester City (Etihad Stadium, Sportcity ). Manchester United's Old Trafford stadium is 2 miles from the city centre in neighbouring Trafford and Manchester City's stadium is 2.5 miles to the east.
Old Trafford is also home to the Lancashire County Cricket Club. despite no longer being a part of the county of Lancashire.
In 2002, Manchester was the host to the Commonwealth Games and a large area of East Manchester was converted into a new Sportcity , the centre-piece of which is the new athletics and football stadium.
The Manchester Velodrome started off the whole regeneration of East Manchester and formed part of the bid for the 2002 Commonwealth Games (and for Manchester's failed bid for the 2000 Olympics). Britain's great success in the cycling events in the 2008 Olympics is very much due this venue and most of the medal winners are based in and around the city.
In July 2009, it has been reported that the world's first purpose-built BMX Centre is also to be built on the site. Work on this addition to Sportcity is expected to start in January 2010 and is said to remove any lingering doubts that Manchester will be replaced by London as British Cycling's headquarters after the 2012 Olymipic Games. The centre will be used by athletes preparing for London 2012 and help bring major national and international events to the city. It will also be open to schools,clubs and the local community.
In the Queen's New Year's Honours list in January 2009, some of the locally based cycling heroes were given awards, including a knighthood to Chris Hoy.
Diversity[ edit ]
Manchester is a very mixed city. Many races and religions have communities in the city and it has a long history of being more tolerant than most cities to people of any background. The very large number of British Citizenship ceremonies, held in Heron House by the Town Hall each year, are testament to this.
Manchester is also extremely gay-friendly and very liberal-minded. It is very well known as being one of "The Big 3" in terms of sexual diversity along with Brighton and London. The Village is an area concentrated around Canal Street and is very popular with people of all sexualities. It is also home to an annual 12 day Pride festival with the involvement of people of all types; attracting all kinds of people: not just from Manchester but from the entire country and abroad ;further reflecting Manchester's unique approach to tolerance and acceptance. Expect to see amongst others the likes of gay police officers, fire fighters and health workers in the good natured parade.
The atmosphere of the village area is very friendly and welcoming; as is Manchester's very large LGBT community; known to be one of the most accepting in the country. It is certainly the most gay friendly major city by far and has the most visible LGBT community of any major city outside London; as well as the highest percentage. Most Mancunians have grown up with a tolerant attitude towards sexuality and it is extremely rare to come across homophobia making Manchester a very welcoming city for LGBT people.
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See the 5 day forecast for Manchester at the Met Office
Manchester has a temperate maritime climate and rarely gets too warm or too cold. The city receives below average rainfall for the UK. It is not significantly far behind London in terms of the average number of hours of sunlight per day (within nine minutes per day, based on the last 100 years data from Met office) though it does have a few more days with rain. However, as a result of relatively mild winter conditions, there is never a period that one should avoid visiting due to extreme weather conditions.
As with any city it puts on a good show when the weather is fine in spring and summer and there is a lot of al fresco drinking and eating. It does have its fair share of dull, grey days, which can strangely add to its charm for the visitor.
By plane[ edit ]
Manchester Airport ( IATA : MAN) ( ICAO : EGCC). [4] in the south of the city is the largest airport in the UK outside of London and is amongst the 50 largest airports in the world. Nearly 100 operators fly to and from hundreds of locations worldwide, including most major cities in Europe, along with services from the Americas, Africa, and Asia. It is owned by the 10 Greater Manchester Councils with Manchester City council having the largest share (55%) and the other councils 5% each. The airport has won numerous industry awards including Best Major UK Airport in recent years.
Notable services include:
Zürich - Swiss International Air Lines
A full list of destinations served can be found on the airport's official website: www.manchesterairport.co.uk
Direct trains operated by Northern and TransPennine Express run from the airport station (reached by the Skylink walkway between T1 and T2 - access to T3 via T1) to Manchester Piccadilly (and onwards to other towns and cities in the region and further afield) every 3 to 10 minutes, which cost around £4.20 for a single. No booking is required for these services.
The Metrolink also serves the airport, and is of particular use for accessing more specific points around Manchester in addition to the outlying towns of Bury, Oldham, Rochdale and Ashton-under-Lyne. Trams to Cornbrook (in the city) operate every 12 minutes, with connections to the rest of the network available there. A single to central Manchester costs £4.20 - the same as the train - with a day ticket being available for £5.
National Express coaches run to Chorlton Street station (approx 25 minute journey time) and the Stagecoach 43/105 services run to Piccadilly Gardens (approx 1 hour journey time).
Taxis are available from outside each terminal, costing about £15 and taking about 30-45 minutes.
Local buses include service 18 operated by Arriva Buses to Trafford and Altrincham
Car parks serving Manchester Airport[ edit ]
Customer is met at terminal. No transfer required.
CCTV, security fencing and 24-hour on-site security.
No
John Lennon Airport, [7] in Liverpool is a budget airline airport with Easyjet [8] and Ryanair [9] serving it and is also relatively conveniently located for access to Manchester. However, Easyjet now has connections to Manchester from various departure points. A coach service runs connecting the airport to Manchester's central coach station and takes about 45 min. There is now a direct train link between Liverpool Parkway (the station near John Lennon Airport) and Manchester Oxford Road Train Station (in the city centre). Services currently run once per hour, but are planned to increase to every half hour.
Site includes disabled car parking information for Manchester Airport Manchester Airport Parking Guide
Wikitravel has a guide to Rail travel in the United Kingdom .
Manchester city centre is served by two major railway stations, Victoria in the north (the area around the station has recently undergone extensive redevelopment with much more to come) and Piccadilly (transformed in recent years and voted the UK's most popular station in 2007) in the south.
Piccadilly is the main destination for long-haul trains from around the UK (eg London , Birmingham , Leeds , York , Newcastle , Glasgow etc) in addition to a few local services (notably to/from Glossop and Buxton ). Northern [10] , TransPennine Express [11] , Virgin Trains [12] , CrossCountry [13] , Arriva Trains Wales [14] and East Midlands Trains [15] all serve Piccadilly.
Victoria is a hub for local stopping trains to/from West Yorkshire , Lancashire , Cheshire and Liverpool , virtually all of which are operated by Northern [16] .
Trains from Liverpool , Leeds, York, Sheffield and Nottingham may also stop at Manchester Oxford Road, which is convenient for the University.
Other stations in the city centre are Deansgate, and Salford Central, but generally only local services stop at these stations.
By car[ edit ]
The outer ring road of the Manchester conurbation is the M60. It is accessible from Leeds or Liverpool by the M62 and from Scotland and the south by the M6. From the north and Scotland follow the M6 and then the M61. From the south take the M6 and the M56. The most direct route from the M6 to the M56 and South Manchester is to take the A556 leaving the M6 at junction 19, but note this has a 50 mph/80 km/h speed limit for most of its length and can be somewhat congested at busy times of the day. It is signed Manchester and Manchester Airport.
Another route would be to carry on northbound up the M6, taking you directly to the M6/M62 interchange. Here, you would follow signs for Leeds and Manchester North. This can, however, seem a longer way round, but it does also give you access, via the M60 orbital road, to places around the conurbation and is a much better option if you wish to access the northern part of Greater Manchester.
If a little lost in the city centre, follow signs for the inner ring road, as there are signs to most destinations from this road.
Parking in the city centre of Manchester can be expensive. Avoid the multi-storey car parks if you can and look for some open-air car parks. There are good ones by Salford Central Station, behind Piccadilly Station and opposite the cathedral. Be sure to park in a well-lit place because car crime is a particular problem in Manchester.
If you have to use a multi-storey, the one by The Coach Station and The Village is handy. This is fine as a last resort if you have been driving around for an hour, looking for a place to park. There are increasingly more and more double yellow lines, which designate no parking at any time.
Ladywell Park & Ride [17] is situated near Eccles (M602, Junction 2); the car park is free and there is a tram station. Similarly, parking at the Trafford Centre (M60, junctions 9 and 10) is free and there are buses to the city centre and Stretford tram station.
A tip worth noting is that on Saturday from 12:30 to Monday morning, just over from the city centre into Salford, you can park on a single yellow line (remember that you can never park on a double yellow line) or in a designated space without paying, unlike in the city centre where restrictions apply even during weekends. Streets like Chapel Street, Bridge Street, and the areas around them are a good bet and much safer now with all the new housing developments. There you are just a short walk from Deansgate.
Problems are rare as long as you take the usual precautions and do not leave valuables on display. Try not to put things in the boot (trunk) after a shopping spree if people are watching. Avoid parking under the bridges at all costs, and try the main roads, just off one or next to one of the many new blocks of flats where it is well-lit. Watch out on bank holidays around here. Sometimes these are treated like a Sunday in the centre, but people have been known to get parking tickets on the Salford side. If unsure, treat a holiday, on the Salford side, as a normal day of the week or ask a warden if you can find one!
By motorbike[ edit ]
There are several free parking bays for motorbikes around Manchester city centre. The locations are on the Council's website [18] .
By bus[ edit ]
Chorlton Street Coach Station is the central coach station in Manchester, located close to the centre, between Chinatown and The Village on Chorlton Street. Coaches run from all over the country and are generally the most reasonably-priced way to get into Manchester. London to Manchester on the coach can take about four hours, but it depends on the time of day and number of stops.
Shudehill Interchange has bus services to the North of Greater Manchester, as well as a link to Metrolink.
Piccadilly Gardens bus station is generally for services to the south of Greater Manchester along with Wigan and Bolton.
National Express [19] is a comfortable and frequent service which runs 24 hours a day from some cities, including London. These services depart from Chorlton Street Coach Station.
Megabus [20] run services to London, Scotland, South Wales and the West. Fares start at £1 and must be booked in advance online. These services run from the Shudehill Interchange.
TfGM travel shops are located in both Shudehill and Piccadilly Gardens and timetables, maps and information can be found for all services here.
Get around[ edit ]
Manchester trams
Transport in Greater Manchester is overseen and co-ordinated by TfGM (Information: 0871 200 22 33) [21] . TfGM sells a number of tickets which are valid for multiple operators, such as the any bus day ticket or System One. If you are planning to do a lot of travelling in one day, these might be your cheapest option. Metromax day tickets are good value if using the Metrolink tram network. There are tickets for single people and family tickets. The best value are valid after 9:30 a.m.
Maps[ edit ]
Dotted around the city centre on main streets including Deansgate, Oxford Road, Market Street etc, are the pedestrian-level street maps. They are usually placed in normal advertising hoardings, which can make difficult to spot from a distance. The maps have been updated with different colours for district area of the city centre. Your position is marked by a dark circle. They cover the whole centre down to the university district and also central Salford up to Salford University.
As with any other large UK city, an A-Z map is often handy. These street maps, in book form, are available from newsagents or book shops and, depending on size, cover everything from the city centre to the whole Greater Manchester conurbation. Free tourist-friendly A3 city maps can be obtained from the Visitor Information Centre in Piccadilly Gardens as well as the Information Desks at Manchester Airport.
On foot in the city centre[ edit ]
Manchester city centre's attractions are easily reached on foot, and walking provides the perfect opportunity to take in the architecture of the city. Manchester walking directions can be planned online with the walkit.com [22] walking route planner.
By bus[ edit ]
Metroshuttle [23] is a FREE bus service run jointly by the local council, National Car Parks Manchester and Allied London Spinningfields. They are operated by First Manchester. It runs three routes which between them cover most of the major areas in the city centre. These bus routes can be caught straight from all city centre railway stations (Piccadilly, Oxford Road, Deansgate, Salford Central and Victoria) as well as many of the larger car parks. Areas on the fringes of the city centre (such as Spinningfields, Petersfield, Oxford Road Corridor, Millennium Quarter) are now easier to access from other parts of the city. Just note, that due to a high-level of pedestrian priority around areas such as Deansgate, traffic in the city centre is often slow at peak times. These buses are now also operated by green hybrid buses in a bid to cut pollution and emissions in the city centre. Each line is colour branded with 1 Orange, 2 Green and 3 Purple.
Most of the buses in North Manchester are operated by First [24] whilst Stagecoach operate in South Manchester [25] and serve most places that you are likely to want to go in the conurbation. The main bus station for the south is Piccadilly Gardens and a new state-of-the-art £24 million interchange has been built at Shudehill for the north. However buses for Wigan, Leigh, Lowton and Bolton can be found at Piccadilly Gardens as well as for Altrincham and Droylsden at Shudehill. The North/South rule generally applies other than those exceptions.
The South Manchester corridor that begins with Oxford Road and Wilmslow Road is the most-served bus route in Europe. Buses connect the centre with the universities and Rusholme, as often as every one minute. The general rule on this street is to get on any bus that is not operated by Stagecoach and your fare is likely to be under £1.50. Some buses have a student fare, which they will charge you if you look like a student, regardless of whether you ask for it or not. Be aware that during peak hours it can take as long as 30 min to make the relatively short three mile journey from Piccadilly Gardens to Rusholme. The 42/142 (operated by various companies) is usually the most frequent service, operating through the night from Piccadilly, Oxford Road, Wilmslow Road, Rusholme and beyond.
It is well worth noting that the number 43 bus not only runs all day to the airport but also throughout the night every 30 minutes. Train services from Piccadilly also serve the airport all night.
Buses to the Trafford Centre include the Stagecoach-operated Route 250 [26] , from Piccadilly Gardens to the Trafford Centre and the First-operated Routes 100 and 110 , from Shudehill, via Blackfriars (the stop is just off Deansgate) and Eccles, to The Trafford Centre. The quickest, most direct option is the Stagecoach X50 bus route.They run every 15 minutes Monday to Saturday daytime and take only 25 minutes. There are other bus services from Central Manchester to The Trafford Centre and additional services from other towns and suburbs in the conurbation. In the evening, or on Sundays and public holidays, your better bet for the Trafford Centre, from the city centre, is the tram and buslink to and from Stretford, as buses are much less frequent at these times.
Bus Tickets are usually purchased directly from the driver. First and Stagecoach both offer day-savers for unlimited travel on their company's buses, which cannot be used on other busses. A FirstDay is currently £4.20. If transfer between different bus companies is required, ask the driver for an "any bus day-saver", emphasising the "any". These '"System One"' tickets can be used on any bus and details of current prices are available at [27]
By tram[ edit ]
Metrolink [28] , also known as the tram or 'Met', is the name for Manchester's local mass-transit system. With a map of the system it is very easy to understand.
As of June 2015, Metrolink runs seven lines:
East Didsbury – Victoria - Oldham - Rochdale
Manchester Airport - Cornbrook
All trams run at least every 12 minutes Mon-Sat (every 15 minutes Sundays and Bank Holidays).
The system has been extended significantly over the last few years, with a new line to Wythenshawe and Manchester Airport opening in late 2014 and proposals for a new line to the Trafford Centre being drawn up.
Metrolink is normally more expensive to travel on than the bus services - if you are going to be using it for more than one journey in a day, your best bet is to buy a day ticket, currently priced at £5 for unlimited travel until the end of that day's services. Tickets must be purchased before boarding from the automated vending machines at each station. New user-friendly ticket-machines have been installed across the network as part of its regeneration - these take cash or card and give change from notes, with instructions available in foreign languages.
If you are travelling from outside the City Centre proper, purchasing a ticket to 'City Zone' will allow you to use any of the City Zone stops - the following of which are likely to be useful for visitors:
Victoria — for National Football Museum, Chethams Library, Manchester Cathedral Visitor Centre, and the Northern half of Deansgate
Shudehill — for Bus Interchange, The Printworks, Manchester Arndale and the western part of the Northern Quarter.
Market Street — for the main shopping area, including parts of Manchester Arndale and Afflecks Palace.
Piccadilly Gardens — for bus services, Chorlton Street Coach Station, Chinatown, The Gay Village, Manchester Art Gallery, Cube Gallery and parts of the Northern Quarter.
Piccadilly — for Rail Interchange and Metroshuttle and Oxford Road Link busses. Manchester Apollo is a 15 minute walk from here.
St. Peter's Square — for Central Library, The Library Theatre, Bridgewater Hall, The Midland Hotel, The Town Hall and Albert Square. Busses down the Oxford Road corridor to The Palace Theatre, The Green Room, Dance House and Contact Theatres and to the universities and beyond.
Deansgate-Castlefield — for Rail Interchange from Deansgate Station, Manchester Central (exhibition centre/concert venue), The Manchester International Conference Centre, Beetham Tower, Great Northern, MOSI (Museum of Science and Industry), Spinningfields, the southern half of Deansgate and the beautiful canalside area of Castlefield.
Other interesting destinations:
MediaCityUK — Around 15 minutes from the City Centre on the MediaCity/Eccles line. Closest station at Salford Quays to the Lowry, Lowry Outlet Mall and Imperial War Museum North as well as the new MediaCityUK development for BBC, ITV and University Of Salford. When the weather is fine, if coming from the centre, alight at Salford Quays Station, walk just a few metres in the direction of travel, cross the road, turn left, and enjoy the tree lined waterside walk, past the Salford Rowing club, as far as the bridge linking The Lowry with The War Museum.
Heaton Park — Around 10 minutes from the City Centre on the Bury Line. Alight here for Manchester's chief parkland. This is the biggest municipal park in the country and a great day out in summer. It has seen much investment of late. Inside you will find a pet zoo, vintage tramway museum, boating lake, stables and golf centre with pitch and putt. The former stately home Heaton Hall is located within the park and is open to visitors in the summer months.
Old Trafford — Around 10 minutes from the City Centre on the Altrincham Line. For Manchester United Football Club, and the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club.
Stretford — Around 10 minutes from the City Centre on the Altrincham Line. Alight here for a connecting bus to the Trafford Centre. Joint tickets are available from the usual machines.
Ladywell — Around 15 minutes from the City Centre on the Eccles Line. There is a large, free car park for the Park and Ride service to Salford Quays and the city.
Chorlton - Around 15 minutes from the City Centre on the East Didsbury Line. This area of South Manchester has lots to do in summer including the Beech Road Festival in June, The Unity Festival in Chorlton Park and the Big Green Festival as well as the Chorlton arts´ festival. The area is populated with creative people such as artists, writers and actors. Until January 2009 Chorlton was the location for the Cosgrove Hall animation studios where the children's series Chorlton and the Wheelies and Dangermouse were created. The area is used by film crews for TV locations, such as The Second Coming.
By taxi[ edit ]
Taxis are considerably cheaper than in London. As a general rule you should be able to get anywhere you need to go within the core of the city for £5-10. Because of the nature of the tight local authority boundaries within the conurbation, taxis easily cross these, and there are few problems as long as your journey stays within Greater Manchester. As a general rule, taxis are required to put the meter on for journeys within the M60 ringroad (and sometimes little farther). If you are to travel farther, it is best to agree a price in advance. You may flag down only the black cabs (London-style Hackney carriages): other taxis must be booked in advance over the phone and are marked with the yellow Manchester City Council sign on the bonnet, and the firm's phone number (again on a yellow strip) on the sides. These are often called minicabs or private hire cars.
Avoid rogue mini cabs at all costs. Even if the car has a Manchester City Council plate, or one from one of the other metropolitan boroughs, you are not insured if the cab was not booked in advance.
You may find it difficult to get a black cab after the pubs shut on Friday and Saturday nights in the city centre, so it serves to have a backup plan for getting back to your accommodation. Larger groups are most likely to be able to "flag" down a taxi on the road. If you are struggling for a taxi after midnight and don't mind waiting around drunk people, it can often be easier to join a queue outside larger clubs, such as those in The Printworks, as black cabs often stop here. The black cabs with the amber "TAXI" sign illuminated are the ones that are looking for fares. Otherwise, buy something at a takeaway and then ask for a taxi: the employees do that all the time.
There are a number of taxi ranks within the city centre, which are staffed by security/logistical staff during busy periods. These ranks are serviced only by black cabs, but there are also private hire taxi/minicab companies that you can walk to and then wait (inside or usually outside) until a car becomes available.
Manchester Taxi (44+ 161 401 1234), Union Cars (+44(0)161 833 4141) and Manchester Cars Taxis (+44 161 228 3355) are based in the city centre and Manchester Cars is located conveniently behind the Chorlton Street coach station.
By train[ edit ]
Local rail services run regularly and to most places in the surrounding area and beyond. Most trains will pass through Piccadilly or Victoria, but it will do to call National Rail Enquiries (08457 48 49 50) [29] to find out which one before setting off. If you plan to take several off peak journeys within Greater Manchester, you could consider a "Rail Ranger" ticket, which, as of March 2011, costs £4.40 per day for adults and £2.20 for children under 16 (accompanied children under 5 are free). An "Evening Ranger" is also available for just £2.20. This is a large area and means you could travel as far north as Bolton and Rochdale, as far south as the airport and Stockport, as far west as Wigan and as far east as The Peak District. They also include free travel on the Metrolink within the central zone. These can be bought at ticket offices or on the train.
TfGM [30] has a "London tube-style" map of the Greater Manchester rail network, including Metrolink.
It is worth remembering that train services from Piccadilly serve the airport all night.
Cosmopolitan Manchester[ edit ]
The Imperial Chinese Archway in Manchester's Chinatown
Manchester's Chinatown around George Street and Faulkner Street has been a feature of Manchester since the late 1970s. Manchester Chinatown's historically Cantonese nature, reflecting Britain's colonial links with Hong Kong, is changing with greater Madarin influence. This is related to Manchester's significant Chinese student population and immigration. Many see Chinatown as a place for younger people at night - many karaoke bars and restaurants have opened in this district providing late night entertainment for all. You will find people on the streets of Chinatown speaking Cantonese and Mandarin to each other and most of the signs are bilingual. It is home to many of Manchester's east-asian restaurants as well as many traders in Chinese food and goods. There are a couple of good Chinese supermarkets. As night falls upon Chinatown, the neon lights come on, adding to the ambient feel of the area. There many eateries to try too, Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Vietnamese and everything in between; reaching out to a wide spectrum of tastes. There are also Chinese shops for the locals to buy items imported directly from China, such as newspapers, magazines, DVDs and medications. It serves as a magnet for the Chinese population, from around the city region and beyond.
The Village , also known as the Gay Village, has built up around Canal Street out of the many cotton warehouses in the area. It is home to one of the oldest and most-established gay communities in Europe and is known for its acceptance toward all kinds of people. Many of Manchester's most famous bars and clubs are to be found here, most of which are as popular with heterosexual party-animals as they are with the gay crowd, mainly due to their very late opening hours (5am or later) and friendly carefree atmosphere.
The Village hosts a major Pride festival every year (August Bank Holiday; the last weekend of the month), when this part of town is closed to the public for a charity fundraising weekend for gay and gay-friendly people. Many thousands of pounds are raised, each year, for various charities. There is a moving memorial service on the Monday evening to round the weekend off. Entrance is by wrist band. These are valid for the whole weekend or part of it, if required.
Check out the restaurants in The Village too. The best and longest established has to be Velvet, on Canal Street. Friendly staff, good food, and a cosmopolitan environment make it a hip and popular restaurant, bar, and hotel. Art works are also on display.
Check out the Curry Mile, a 800 metre-long stretch of curry restaurants, sari shops, shisha bars and jewellery stores in Rusholme .
If you have time and want to mix with trendy, monied residents try an evening out in the very upmarket southern suburbs of Chorlton-cum-Hardy or Didsbury . Both are popular evening/nighttime destinations for many from across the conurbation and are easily accessible from the city centre via Metrolink, buses or taxis (approx £15 fare). On the all too rare, warm and fine Saturday evenings in summer, they can put on a good show with upmarket restaurants, where you can eat outside at the many great pubs and bars. Think London's Hampstead and Islington with similar media types and many others from elsewhere in town, who just want a piece of the action. Chorlton and Didsbury are both highly sought-after places to live, with very high property prices and a certain cachet!
Historical Manchester[ edit ]
Castlefield is the site of the original Roman settlement Mamucium and has been known as Castlefield since Medieval times. The walls that still stand over two metres high are from as late as the 16th Century. It is the centre of Manchester's canal network and a transport nexus of unique historical importance. The Castlefield Basin joins the Rochdale and Bridgewater canals, the latter being the first cut canal in Britain. The nearby Museum of Science and Industry contains Liverpool Road station, the first passenger railway station in the world. Very important in industrial times, it became run down in post-war times until it was completely regenerated in the 1990s and designated Britain's first Urban Heritage site. These days the area is like a small country oasis in the heart of the city, with regular events and a handful of great pubs around the canals and the neighbouring streets. It is also the only place to see wildlife in Manchester's centre.
The University of Manchester, on Oxford Road , where amongst other things, the atom was first probed by Rutherford, the first computer was built, and where radio astronomy was pioneered. It was here too that the element Vanadium was first isolated. The architectural style of the new curved visitor's centre contrasts with the old buildings on the opposite side of Oxford Road, within which Manchester Museum is to be found.
Manchester Cathedral, in the Millennium Quarter . The widest cathedral in England with important carved choir stalls (school of Lincoln) and pulpitum. The recently finished Visitor's Centre provides an intimate experience for newcomers to the cathedral. This is near to Harvey Nichols, Urbis and Victoria Station.
Manchester Cathedral
Manchester Town Hall, on Albert Square . This imposing and beautiful neo-Gothic masterpiece by Alfred Waterhouse is a symbol of the wealth and power of Manchester during the Industrial Revolution. Free tours can be arranged and the state rooms are generally open to visitors when not otherwise in use. The Great Hall contains a series of pre-Raphaelite wall paintings by Ford Maddox Brown depicting historical scenes (some rather fanciful) from Manchester's past. The corridors are often seen on television dramas standing in for the Palace of Westminster, although the Commons chamber itself is usually depicted in a permanent set at Granada TV studios. The Town Hall is on the wide cobbled area of Albert Square, which is all accessible from St Peter's Square Metrolink station. There is now a tea rooms in the sculpture hall overlooking the square. It is directly to the right as you enter the building. Service is excellent and attentive, but what on offer a little limited.
John Rylands Library, on Deansgate . The bequest to the people of Manchester by who was once the world's richest widow, Henriquetta Rylands, in memory of her husband John, but now administered by the University of Manchester. It Contains the 'Manchester Fragment' the earliest known fragment of the New Testament, part of St. John's gospel found near Alexandria and dating from the first part of the second century, shortly after the gospel itself was first written. Tours can be booked around lunchtime. The library was designed by Basil Champneys and is the last building built in the perpendicular gothic style. There is a good cafe on the ground floor.
St Ann's Church is on one side of St Ann's Square and offers a quiet refuge from the noise of the city. There is always a warm welcome inside. It is very popular for weddings on Saturdays.
Cultural Manchester[ edit ]
There are many theatres and concert venues in Manchester, (The Opera House, Palace Theatre, Royal Exchange, Green Room, Dancehouse Theatre, Library Theatre, and The Contact, not forgetting The Lowry at The Quays, which has three theatre spaces). Further afield, The Bolton Octagon, Bury Met, Oldham Coliseum, the lovingly restored 1930's Stockport Plaza with a wonderful 1930's tearoom overlooking Mersey Square are worthy of note.The Plaza shows films and hosts theatre productions and stages what are becoming very popular pantomimes at Christmas. The Garrick in Stockport as well as The Gracie Fields Theatre in Rochdale are all worth a mention too, as are university and RNCM (Royal Northern College of Music) venues. You can catch the likes of Madonna and Kylie at The MEN Arena, which is the largest of its kind in Europe and seen as one of the best such venues in the world. Other such venues include the Apollo, Bridgewater Hall, and the revamped Manchester Central.
Central Library & Theatre, near Albert Square . As mentioned above. An interesting, round building from the 1930s. The library has been reopened on 22 March 2014 following a 4 year renovation project since 2010. The theatre company will cross the road, in due course, to The Theatre Royal building when it will end its time as a night club and be a home to live performances once more. Meanwhile the company plans to stage produtions elsewhere in the city.
Contact, on Oxford Road , is a brilliant theatre which often focuses on more contemporary productions than other theatres in the centre. These shows range from drama and physical theatre to music, circus and puppetry. It also features a lounge area serving great food as well as alcoholic, hot and cold drinks throughout the day/evening.
HOME on First Street, a combined art-house cinema, theatre and gallery based on a merger of the Cornerhouse cinema and the Library Theatre Company.
Imperial War Museum North [31] , at The Quays . Great museum with fantastic architecture, located in Trafford Borough, across the water from The Lowry, near Manchester United's Stadium, and designed by Daniel Libeskind, who also designed The Jewish Museum in Berlin. The museum focuses on the people involved in war, whether it's the people who worked in the factories in World War two, or the soldiers who suffered in the battlefield. Tours are offered and displays are updated on a regular basis.
The award winning architecture of the Imperial War Museum North at the Quays .
The Lowry, at Pier 8 on the The Quays Home to the City of Salford's collection of the paintings of L.S. Lowry. The centre also contains two theatres and a drama studio which put on everything from "Opera North" productions to pantomime, local works and quality touring productions.
Manchester Art Gallery, near Chinatown. Designed by Sir Charles Barry architect of the Houses of Parliament. The gallery has a particulary fine collection of pre-Raphaelite paintings.
Manchester Museum, on Oxford Road . Highlights include a fossil skeleton of Tyrannosaurus Rex and Egyptology, including painted mummy masks of the Roman era.
Gallery of English Costume, in Platt Hall Rusholme is now open once more and well worth a visit.
The Museum of Science and Industry [32] , in Castlefield . This is very popular with families and school groups and offers a vast number of displays. The first ever railway station is part of the museum. Currently they are celebrating the centenary of the first all-British flight in 1909.
People's History Museum, on Bridge Street between Deansgate and the now much improved Salford Central Station. On Bridge Street, to the left, fans of modern architecture should look out for the new Manchester Civil Justice Centre. It is slowly becoming known to Mancunians as "the filing cabinet". You will see why! For a better view, take it in from the new square, on the other side, into the Spinningfields district, itself worth a detour. There is a good cafe on the ground floor of the museum with a view of the river. Look out too for the now renovated Doves of Peace Statue outside the museum. This was first erected in 1986 to celebrate Manchester's decision to promote itself as a nuclear free city.
The Whitworth Art Gallery on Oxford Road . This gallery houses modern and historic art, prints, and a collection of rare wallpapers. During the summer, forget the bus and walk down Oxford Road through the University area, looking out for The Aquatics Centre (a legacy of The Commonwealth Games) and The Royal Northern College of Music. Walk even further and seek out the above mentioned Gallery of English Costume near the famous Curry Mile in Rusholme, which is unique in Britain. At the Whitworth The Gallery Cafe has been declared "Best Family Restaurant" by the prestigious "Which?-Good Food Guide 2009". It has been described by its owner as "a fresh food cafe" with food of "restaurant quality". The menu is simple with an emphasis on seasonal, local produce.
Bridgewater Hall, near St. Peter's Square and Manchester Central Exhibition Centre, was completed 1996 and is the home of the Halle Orchestra, the world's first municipal symphony orchestra, and also houses traveling famous musical acts. The centrepiece of the hall is the 5 500 pipe organ by Rasmussen. An elegant bistro and restaurant are open at normal meal times to the general public. There is also a bar next door down the wide steps, overlooking a pleasant water feature. Look out, too, for the polished stone sculpture outside!
Manchester Jewish Museum, 190 Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester. This is a safe, 10-15 minute walk up the road behind The MEN Arena. You can also catch any bus that goes up Cheetham Hill Road from the stop by the side of the Urbis, opposite The Printworks. The 135 bus is an option; a reliable service running at least every ten minutes. It is about three or four stops from the Urbis, but it is best to ask the driver when to alight. Open Mon-Thu 10:30- 16:00, Sun 11:00- 17:00. Closed on Jewish holidays. Tells the story of the large Jewish population in Manchester. Adults £3.95, concessions £2.95. The museum is in the former Spanish-Portuguese synagogue in what was once the heart of the old Jewish quarter. The community has long since moved up the road to Cheetham Hill and Higher Broughton and, in later years, many less Orthodox people have moved to Prestwich, Whitefield and parts of Radcliffe and Sunnybank as well as to some desirable parts of south Manchester.
Sporting Manchester[ edit ]
Lancashire County Cricket Club, located in Old Trafford .
Manchester City Football Club, [33] located in Sportcity . Compared to their neighbours, Manchester City have enjoyed less success. However, they think of themselves as Manchester's truely local club having most of the fanbase coming mostly from the city but season ticket data clearly suggests that Manchester United have significantly more local fans. Also, City's home ground, The Etihad Stadium, is located within the city of Manchester. However they were recently acquired by ADUG (Abu Dhabi United Group) and their new found wealth is expected by many to bring a return of the success that the club enjoyed back in the late 1960s/early 1970s.
The B of the Bang - the tallest sculpture in the UK. Sadly dismantled for reasons of safety in 2009. It may be put elsewhere in the future.
Manchester United Football Club [34] , the world's most popular Football Club, is located in the borough of Trafford. The club is one of the most successful in England, and are the first English club to become European champions when they did it in 1968. They have a very heated rivalry with Liverpool FC, considered by most football fans to be the biggest rivalry in all of England; a rivalry which stems from the traditional city rivalry between Manchester and Liverpool since the Industrial Revolution, and further fuelled by the fact that both clubs are the most successful English clubs in European competition. Matches between the two sides are always very charged affairs which attract sell-out crowds. Crowd violence is rare though, as there is always a strong police presence at big matches to keep things in order.
Sportcity is the "largest concentration of sporting venues in Europe." It is located to the east of the city centre, about 30 minutes walk from Piccadilly Station. It was built to host most of the events for the 2002 Commonwealth Games and is home to the National Cycling Centre, Manchester City FC, and other important sporting venues, as well as the tallest sculpture in the UK, which is to be dismantled in spring 2009, for reasons of safety. Some are happy but many will miss it, it is reported.
Manchester Phoenix Ice Hockey Club, located in Altrincham, are the newly formed (2003) team to replace the once most supported team in European Hockey, Manchester Storm. The Phoenix also host the UK's most sucessfull ice hockey player in the form of Tony Hand the team's player/manager.
Hidden Manchester[ edit ]
Chetham's Library is Manchester's best kept secret - even most residents of the city are largely oblivious to its existence. Europe's oldest English language Public Library is tucked away next to the futuristic Urbis just off Millenium Square. One of Manchester's oldest buildings, it still has the original collection of books, all chained to their shelves. This is where Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels would visit while in Manchester and where Engels wrote the world-changing book 'The Condition of the Working Classes in England', a key influence on the development of Communism. You can still sit in the window seat where they would talk. The 15th century structure is part of Chetham's Music School - despite the lack of signs, simply ask at the security hut and they will happily let you in for free.
St. Mary's, The Hidden Gem, near Albert Square . The oldest post-Reformation Catholic church in the country, dating from 1794. It contains one of the greatest pieces of art in Manchester, and the altar is quite magnificent. This is a quiet refuge from the noise of the city.
The futuristic Trinity Bridge, designed by the Spaniard Santiago Calatrava, who was heavily involved in the designs for the Olympic village in Barcelona, is in the Chapel Wharf Area. This links the twin cities of Manchester and Salford, leading to the five star Lowry Hotel on the Salford bank. It is all a block behind Kendals, near The Freemasons' Hall. A nice pleasant view.
The Hulme Bridge in Hulme and The Merchant's Bridge in Castlefield, by Catalan Square, are also worth a look.
Parsonage Gardens is at the back of the House of Fraser (Kendals) Department Store. This is a quaint garden. Nice to relax in when the weather is fine and to read a book. Nearby there is also an observation platform which looks over the River Irwell and is ideal for taking photos of Trinity Bridge and The Lowry Hotel. This does also serve as a carpark, on an overhang, for one of the office blocks, but you may use it. It is a little hidden away but you access this to the right of 20 St Mary's Parsonage, which runs along one side of the gardens.
Portico Library and Gallery, near Piccadilly Gardens . Home of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical society. Speakers here have included Dalton, the father of Atomic theory and describer of his own colour blindness, the Salford physicist Joule for whom the S.I. unit of energy is named and Roget (who compiled his celebrated Thesaurus here). The Austrian Philosopher Wittgenstein here claimed to have attempted to repeat Franklin's celebrated kite and lightning experiment in the Peak District while employed at Manchester University.
Midland Bank Building (was the King Street branch of HSBC) is a domineering piece of architecture from 1928, reminiscent of Dublin's General Post Office. Go inside for a look if you can once it reopens. It is located at the upper end of King Street near Armani and Vivienne Westwood, towards Mosley Street.
Buy[ edit ][ add listing ]
Manchester's shopping district is one of the most diverse shopping districts in the UK and the majority of city centre shops are within reasonable walking distance of each other (15 minutes at most) and most are served by a metroshuttle service. Pickpockets can be a particular problem in Manchester city centre however so maintain an awareness at all times. Even in the most upmarket stores you are treated in a friendly manner, which many think is not the case in the capital. The recently redeveloped Arndale Centre is a 1970's city-centre shopping precinct, with 280 stores across just under 185 000 m² of retail space making it the largest city centre shopping centre in Europe, including the largest Next store in the world. The place retains some of its 1970's concrete charms and STILL some of the infamous yellow tiles that are a testament to bad urban planning of that era. It is connected via link bridge to the Marks and Spencer and Selfridges department stores adjacent in Exchange Square. Part awaits an update to the exterior, but the section modernised after the 1996 bomb is an improvement, although different to that of The Trafford Centre with a more modern simplistic feel compared with the grand exterior of the Trafford Centre. The inside has had a total revamp. It does get very busy at weekends and, unlike at The Trafford Centre, there are far too few places to sit down. If you do need to sit down there are a few benches on the lower floor around the staircase near the market.
There are a number of large shops aimed at bargain hunters ,including the largest Primark in the country, which is great for a bargain and much loved by US cabin crew when in town, and an Aldi food hall on Market Street (just off Piccadilly Gardens ).
The Millennium Quarter (at the back of the Arndale Centre) is now quite smart and good for shopping. There's The Triangle, an upmarket shopping centre based in the old Corn Exchange, worth a visit for the building alone and Selfridges, spread across 5 floors with its large Louis Vuitton concession and food hall in the basement. You will find everything from sushi to fine chocolates, kosher foods, to a juice bar, etc. Harvey Nichols, opposite the Triangle, offers luxury fashions and produce. The centre of Manchester's shopping area has traditionally been St. Ann's Square , and there are many shops nearby. King Street and Spring Gardens city centre offer a Vivienne Westwood store (a local girl, from the nearby Peak District), Joseph and DKNY, as well as Emporio Armani and Collezione; these catering for, amongst others, the city's Premiership footballers, soap stars ("Coronation Street" has been produced in the city since the early sixties!), and the many media types who can also be found in the area.
Deansgate has a fair number upmarket stores, as do some of the roads off it. The House of Fraser store, considered by many to be the top people's shop, (still known as "Kendals" to most Manchester people and "Kendal Milne's" to an even older generation) is on Deansgate and has been on roughly the same site since the mid-19th century. It is somewhat old school and the eating places are worth a visit. The new Champagne bar, on the third floor, is the latest addition. One of central Manchester's few quiet green squares is just behind the store. This is Parsonage Gardens. Deansgate is also home to Ed Hardy, The General Store, Edwards as well as some high end restaurants.
Just off Deansgate is The Avenue a luxury designer shopping destination set to open in Autumn 2010 in the Spinningfields district of the city centre. It will be the home to stores such as Flannels, Mulberry, Emporio Armani and Armani Collezioni, Brooks Brothers, Ermenegildo Zegna, Oliver Sweeney and Joseph. Combined with some of the new cafe's and restaurants this is set to become a top retail and leisure venue.
There is also an outlet mall at The Lowry, in Salford, near Media City: UK housing the BBC North project to relocate almost 3000 posts and 5 departments from London as well as BBC Manchester and Salford University's school of Media and Performance.
The Trafford Centre is a huge out-of-town shopping centre and accessible by car, taxi, or a bus/tram journey. It does not yet have a tram station of its own. It has been designated the Temple to Consumerism, and is one the largest, and possibly the grandest of such centres in Europe. It has its own branches of Selfridges, Debenhams and the best of Greater Manchester's two John Lewis stores. The other is in suburban Cheadle. The centre is spectacular, luxurious, and 'posh' inside and out. Look out for the biggest chandelier in Europe, near the Great Hall! If confused how to get there by bus and not too worried about the cost, opt for a through ticket on the tram and catch the link bus from Stretford station on the Altrincham line, (turn right out of station and take the first right for the bus stop). If you already have a Metromax day ticket for the tram, just pay extra on the link bus. You can catch the same bus back to the station from a couple of stops around the centre or from the centre's own bus station. The cinema is also one of the best in the area and has even hosted some UK premieres in the past. The centre is now also linked to an annex offering homewares and furniture, built in an italianate style around a very large outdoor fountain. With supermarkets and DIY outlets nearby, mancunians can buy everything in this area without venturing into the city or any other town centre.
Of particular interest[ edit ]
Merchandise from the football club Manchester United is popular with some tourists. There is a dedicated superstore in the stadium at Old Trafford .
Manchester City FC also has its own dedicated retail outlet at the City of Manchester Stadium in Sportcity , as well as in on Market Street.
Afflecks Palace in the Northern Quarter is "an emporium of eclecticism, a totem of indie commerce," and a shopping arcade in a five story Victorian building, featuring a range of 50+ independent stalls catering to a young alternative crowd. It's a lot of fun: strange costumes, lots of goths, punks, and teenagers. Saved from closing in April 2008, it is now simply known as Afflecks.
The Northern Quarter is Manchester's answer to Soho, and there is a mishmash of stores which sell music, art, and clothing. More and more bars and cafes are opening too. At night look out for the illuminated, public art attraction on top of the Church Street car park.It was put up in 1999 at a cost of £35 000, but the lights went out for some five years until a deal was struck in July 2010, by the city council, with the NCP carpark company who will pay the bill for the 12-metre light tower. It is lit from 21:00 to 01:00.
Every Christmas time, continental style Christmas markets take place in Albert Square , in St. Ann's Square, and along both New Cathedral Street and Brazennose Street. You can buy all the usual Continental and British Christmas curios as well as various foodstuffs. Good fun and very atmospheric at night when it's all lit up.
Also at Christmas, into the new year, there are open air skating rinks in Spinningfields as well as a snow slide and other attractions at Piccadilly Gardens. There is also a winterbar at the Spinningfields location.
The small but perfectly-stocked food section of Harvey Nichols has a particularly fine wine department. Wines range from relatively inexpensive to the highest levels, e.g Château Latour, vertical ranges of Petrus, Vega Sicilia, etc. They are still remarkably good value in context, e.g. 1990 Krug Clos de Mesnil 1990, arguably the greatest Champagne ever made and incomparably finer than the footballer's wildly overrated Crystal is about £150 cheaper than usually quoted elsewhere.
Of late, there is a flower market at the Market Street corner of Piccadilly Gardens Thursday through Saturday from 10:00- 18:00. Some food stalls and craft stalls can be found there too.
Also hunt out the Craft and Design Centre, in the old Smithfield Market Building, in The Northern Quarter. The complex is full of artist studio space and boutiques, as well as a cafe.
There are regular events in Albert Square, St Ann's Square and on New Cathedral Street, all year around, where you can buy art, listen to music and sample foods from far and wide.
If catering for yourself, there are several Sainsbury's Local stores located around the city centre (at Oxford Road, Mosley Street, Quay Street, Bridge Street, Piccadilly Station). Tesco Metro supermarkets can be found on Market Street (the largest supermarket in the centre), on Piccadilly and on Quay Street, which is near the aforementioned Sainsbury's and Granada TV. M&S food outlets are located within the M&S store next to Selfridges and there are also M&S Simply Food stores at Piccadilly Gardens and within Piccadilly Station. You will find increasingly popular Coop food stores near both Victoria, by the movement's headquarters, opposite the Arndale Market, at Piccadilly Gardens and just outside Piccadilly station. For more upmarket food products, Harvey Nichols has a deli and foodhall as does Selfridges. The city centre's first'Waitrose store opened near The Avenue development, with another expected to open in Piccadilly Gardens in the near future. At the other end of the spectrum there are the Arndale Market and a large Aldi store in the Arndale Centre, which is, in common with most UK outlets, much more upmarket than the stores in Germany. This is also accessible from Market Street. There is also a Lidl and a Tesco on Oxford Road near Manchester Royal Infirmary.
For something a little bit different, the newly-refurbished Manchester Arndale Market features many food stalls, including a rather large fish store and a butchers. Chinatown has many specialist shops and the landmark Wing Yip superstore on Oldham Road in the Northern Quarter is excellent for everything oriental.
There are various other mini-markets and late night stores around the city centre and in Piccadilly station. There are three 24-hour Spar's, one in Piccadilly gardens, one on Piccadilly station approach and the third opposite the BBC Studios on Oxford Road. Just out of the centre are a large Sainsbury's, in Regent Retail Park, Salford, an Asda store in Hulme, a Tesco Extra Hypermarket in Cheetham Hill.
Not of particular interest maybe, but it is worth knowing where the main public toilets are about town! Clean conveniences can be found at Piccadilly station (less reliable ones are to be found at Victoria) and there are a few pods around the centre (one is on the corner of John Dalton Street and Deansgate). There are pay toilets in the basement and on the top floor of The Triangle Centre, Exchange Square. You can also find FREE toilets in The Arndale Centre and at the following locations;
Kendals House of Fraser, Deansgate, (basement, 3rd, and 6th floors).
Selfridges,Exchange Square. (basement ,in the corner, near the alcohol section).
M&S, St Mary's Gate. (basement, near the food hall).
Harvey Nichols, New Cathedral Street (Near the food hall, bar, and restaurant).
Debenhams, Market Street. (Near cafe, top sales floor).
Royal Exchange Theatre, St. Ann's Square. (by bars and restaurant — not available to public during performances).
Town Hall. (entrance opposite Beluga restaurant, on Mount Street, just off Albert Square).
From summer 2010 the City Council is working with retailers who are to display a sticker in their window offering free use of their toilet facilities.
Most museums and galleries include free toilets. There is nothing stopping you popping into any busy pub to use their conveniences! At busy times you would hardly be noticed.
Free copies of The Manchester Evening News are given out, around the city and available at the airport, on Thursday and Friday, as well as inside and outside some selected newsagents in town. There is a charge of 47p for the other days of the week including Saturday's edition. This is very good for listings, especially on a Friday, with the City Life pull out section. The free Metro newspaper is handed out in the mornings. This too has some listings.
Do[ edit ][ add listing ]
theMANCHESTERcard is the city's tourist discount card. You can use it to save money off entry prices of key tourist attractions (like the United and City stadium tours, LEGOLAND, ChillFactorE, Alton Towers), as well as 100+ restaurants, bars, theatres and comedy clubs across the city. It is worth a look if you are planning on visiting more than one tourist attraction, and it costs £10 for 4 days.
Free Go to Cloud 23 bar on the 23rd floor of The Hilton, Deansgate. A pricey bar, but you can have a look at the skyline for free if you ask.
Visit the Trafford Area of this area of fascinating industrial heritage.
Manchester has a couple of big multi-screen cinemas located centrally, AMC off Deansgate (as cheap as £3.20 if you're a student) and Odeon in the Printworks show the usual Hollywood fare; the Cornerhouse on Oxford Road tends to show smaller, independent, art house and foreign language movies. there is an Imax inside the Odeon in the Printworks .
Shows in Manchester [35] , Manchester has many theatres and live music venues so see what's on when and where.
Hire a supercar in Manchester [36] ; Northern Ferrari hire offer self drive supercar hire in Manchester.
LEGOLAND Discovery Centre Manchester [37] located just off the Old Trafford; It's a kids attraction with rides, indoor playgrounds, a 4D cinema and several LEGO workshops.
Learn[ edit ]
There is no doubt that Greater Manchester's universities continue to be a big draw. The University of Manchester is the most over subscribed university in Europe. More and more language schools are also now opening and offer a more reasonable option than the likes of London and other southern venues.
Ministry of Craft [38] based in the Northern Quarter offers short courses every weekend on everything from sewing to screen printing.
Work[ edit ]
There are numerous temporary agencies in the city and there is work in the hospitality industry to be had. There have been reports, of late, of teacher shortages, and this could be of interest to overseas candidates with the relevant qualifications. Manchester has the highest job ratio of the eight English Core Cities and is therefore a very good place to find work.
If you are qualified to work in Britain, work can be found. Many thousands of East Europeans have been drawn to the city in recent years, but according to the press reports, a great number are now returning due to perceived job insecurity and the falling value of the Pound, as a result of the economic downturn. Many, to date, have found work in the building trade, where there has been a boom as of late. In some areas of employment, you could find yourself competing with the many students who need to finance their studies.
Manchester is an important financial centre and the media are also well represented, as can be seen in the BBC's move to MediaCityUK at Salford Quays, where they have been joined by ITV-Granada (makers of Coronation Street). MediaCityUK is home to BBC Radio Manchester, BBC North West Tonight (regional TV news) and The Religious Affairs Department of The BBC and many other departments. Shows made at MediaCityUK include University Challenge, The Jeremy Kyle Show, Countdown and Judge Rinder.
Retail is a large employer, in and around the city, and there are many gyms in need of trainers for the growing city centre population.
Eat[ edit ][ add listing ]
Manchester is a huge city , so all individual listings should be moved to the appropriate district articles , and this section should contain a brief overview. Please help to move listings if you are familiar with this city.
As you would expect from such a cosmopolitan city, Manchester has a huge selection of restaurants and eateries that serve a vast array of cuisines. Look hard enough and you will be able find any type of international and British food. It is also worth exploring some of the suburbs for superb, small independent bistros / restaurants. West Didsbury and Chorlton are noted for their large number of great eateries. If you can get there, the quaintly named and somewhat trendy village of Ramsbottom, just north of Bury, directly north of Manchester, is said to be "the new Chorlton", as regards restaurants, and THE place to eat .In Ramsbottom Ransoms has won many awards both regionally and nationally. The usual, well established UK chains like Cafe Rouge, Pizza Express, Nando's, Bella Italia etc are all to be found in Manchester city centre and out of town too.
Red Hot World Buffet, 48 Deansgate, Manchester, M3 2EG, ☎ 0161 819 1240, [39] . All you can eat buffet style restaurant situated on Deansgate. Live entertainment ranges from live music to magicians performing close up magic. Prices for lunch start from £8.99 and dinner from £14.99. edit
Budget[ edit ]
There are hundreds of kebab and pizza shops on Oxford Road and in Fallowfield and Rusholme . In Rusholme, in particular, locals speak of the £10 curry, where if you bring your own drinks into the curry house, you should leave with change from a ten-pound note.
Some of the cheapest, long-established curry cafes, though, are still to be found in the back streets of the Northern Quarter . The Little Aladdin cafe at 72 High St (on the corner of Turner St, near Arndale centre) is a tiny little curry house with real charm. They serve a range of delicious curries and kebabs for £3-£4. Here's the menu: [40] .
On John Dalton Street, on the left, just up from Deansgate, going to Albert Square, is a gem of a cafe,Essy's, (imagine a cross between an American diner and an old style British "café"). It is run by a group of Iranians, for whom nothing is too much trouble. You can be satisfied there for under £5 with clean, welcoming table service. There are a couple of other similar places around town; in the Northern Quarter and one just behind Kendals, on King Street West.
On the opposite of Manchester Metropolitan University at 121 Oxford Road, there is a small fast food restaurant called "Pizza Co". Try their spicy chicken wings with fries, which are a hit among students in Manchester, for under £3. The spicy wings are very flavourful and are really not very spicy.
Manchester University's Student Union bar, also on Oxford Road, currently (Sept. '14 to May '15) runs Meat-Free Mondays where all vegetarian food is half price on Monday. Try the vegetable pizza for £2.50, or the skin-on fries with 4-bean chilli and cheese for even cheaper.
Chinese[ edit ]
There are plenty of all-you-can-eat buffets in Chinatown for less than £10.00 (€ 13.00). Prices tend to change with the time of day and likely demand. If you eat earlier in the day, you can have a full all-you-can-eat meal, including soup, starter, and desert for around £5. Really cheap Chinese buffets include Number 1's at 48 Whitworth Street (between Oxford Road Station and the Gay Village) Tai Wu at 44 Oxford Street next to McDonalds.
Wing's Dai Pai Dong in the Arndale Market and Food court city centre is set around a sushi counter. It serves a variety of mainstream Cantonese (Hong Kong), Thai, and Japanese dishes. The Hong Kong style roasting dishes are particularly good value and well-made. Typically any mixture of Char Sui, Duck, Pork Belly, Jelly Fish, and Cold Cuts can be paired with Rice, Soup Noodle, or other fried noodles, typically for around £4.50 for a very large and filling bowl/plate. Teamed with a bottle of Asahi Beer, the bill per person will be well under £10.
There is a Chinese buffet near Piccadilly Gardens called 'Buffet Metro' which, if you eat there during Happy Hour (15:00-18:00 on weekdays), only costs £4.95 for unlimited food. A real cheap deal if you want to eat out, but on a budget.
British[ edit ]
Sam's Chop House on Chapel Walks is popular with visitors looking for a British dining experience (not an easy feat in the UK's big cities), as well as Sinclair's Oyster Bar at Cathedral Gates. Many hotels offer menus that tend towards national dishes.
Mediterranean[ edit ]
Sultan Restaurant in Withington is a hidden local gem of superb mediterranean and middle eastern cuisine. Run by the former chef of the very succesfull restaurant Aladdin, it offers generous portions at low prices with many vegetarian options. They do not sell alcohol, but you are welcome to bring your own bottle; there is no corking fee. 513 Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BA. http://www.sultan-restaurant.co.uk
Chinese[ edit ]
Amongst the enormous range of Cantonese restaurants in Chinatown , the Great Wall at 52 Faulkner Street offers authentic, reasonably priced food, including many one bowl/plate dishes (Roast Pork and Roast Duck in soup noodle is particularly popular). The only downside is that the service charge increases the bill.
Red Chilli on Portland Street and Oxford Road (next to McDonald's) is of a very good standard and is unusual in Manchester in specializing in Beijing and the very spicy Szechuan cooking. It has a large Chinese following, which is always a good sign.
Outside Chinatown, the increasingly esteemed Tai Pan on Upper Brook Street and Brunswick Street. Visit the huge, Hong Kong style restaurant from Mon-Fri after 12:00 for half price dim sum.
Fuzion Noodle Bar at 264 Wilmslow Road in Fallowfield has very good, speedy pan-asian noodles.
Indian[ edit ]
Rusholme's Curry Mile , as the name suggests, was home to a lot of Indian, Pakistani and Bengali restaurants. The area has gone under something of a transition over the last five years and you're as likely to find shisha bars and Middle-Eastern cafes as you are curry houses. The quality of the remaining Indian restaurants is somewhat variable and you may be better off heading into the city centre for a decent eat.
In the centre is Akbar's on Liverpool Road and they claim, on the side of buses, to be "probably the best Indian restaurant in the North of England". Also popular in town are the two EastZEast; the original is under the Ibis Hotel, behind the old BBC building (now demolished), and the new, very luxurious one is on Bridge Street, opposite The Manchester Central Travelodge, off Deansgate. Look out for the doorman at the riverside location. There they also offer free valet parking to all guests. These two are classy but not overpriced. Some have claimed the menu could be a little more adventurous, in view of all they seem to have invested. The riverside branch seems popular for Asian weddings, lately, which must say something about the quality of the venue. You can contact them at EastZEast .
Also just off Oxford Road on Chester Street is a new indian restaurant which has won lots of awards Zouk Tea Bar & Grill. They have a good mix of people dining there and it is open for lunch as well as evenings. This is in the top 10 restaurants in Manchester. Contact them at http://www.zoukteabar.co.uk
Further out, Moon in Withington and Third Eye in Didsbury, both in south Manchester, are excellent. Individual takes on traditional dishes are served alongside local specialities, and cost about £6 a dish.
In Chorlton, you should be able to find Coriander Restaurant, Asian Fusion and Tandoori Flame - the latter being without exception, the best curry house in the whole south of Manchester and more than worth the 15 minutes it'll take you to reach it via tram from the city centre. They are all on Barlow Moor Road.
Korean[ edit ]
Yechan Foods, 95 Mauldeth Road, Manchester M14 6SR, ph: +44 161 225 4447.
Koreana Restaurant — A Long established Korean Restaurant at 40a King Street West in city centre just off Deansgate. A regular stop for Manchester United's Korean football star Ji-Sung Park.
Seoul Kimchi, by the Universities on Booth Street.
Japanese[ edit ]
Wagamama's, ( located in the Printworks ), is one of the chain of Japanese restaurants popping up all over the country. Wagamama's serve the best ramen, ebi gyoza, and many other different Japanese cooked dishes... perfect with a hot flask of sake! Their second venture in town is into the Spinningfields district just off Deansgate.
New Samsi, 36 Whitworth Street, city centre. A great sushi restaurant that also caters well for those that don't like raw fish. With a well-stocked, but small Japanese supermarket below (accessed from inside the restaurant) [41] .
YO! Sushi A sushi bar with conveyor belt in the Arndale Centre (1st floor), Piccadilly Station (1st floor) and Trafford Centre Selfridge's store. They also serve many hot rice and noodle based dishes as well as deserts.
Wasabi, 63 Faulkner St, Manchester, M1 4FF, ☎ +44 161 228 7288, [42] . Great sushi from the conveyor belt in a fun atmosphere. £7.95 for 6 dishes and miso soup or 3 dishes and a noodle/rice dish. £12.95 for 10 dishes and a miso soup. £14.95 for 10 dishes and a rice/noodle dish.. edit Needless to say, you will be full. 2 restaurants in the City Centre, in Chinatown and the Printworks.
Tokyo Season Located on Portland Street, between Piccadilly Gardens and the gay village, they serve traditional Japanese dishes at reasonable prices, with a full menu of drinks also available including asian and world beers, spirits and wines.
Sapporo Teppanyaki Manchester's flagship Japanese restaurant offering Teppanyaki cuisine with a contemporary twist and sushi known for being at its culinary best. The restaurant prides itself in offering a unique and at times highly dramatic dining experience through the established Teppanyaki chefs and their combined culinary skills.
Tampopo located in Albert Square and the Triangle in Exchange Square, they offer good priced pan asian food with quick, friendly service in a modern, clean restaurant environment.
Umezushi is a traditional style Japanese restaurant of a quality rarely found outside of Japan. The menu (not cheap, but certainly worth the cost) varies on a daily basis depending on the best quality fish the chef can source that morning. A hidden Gem on Mirabel Street (near the Manchester Arena). [43]
Greek[ edit ]
Kosmos Taverna, 248 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M14 6LD (in [[Manchester/Universities|Fallowfield]]), ☎ +44 161 225 9106, [44] . Good Greek food, but quite pricey. Not the most attractive interior, but good service and atmosphere. edit
Dimitri's Deansgate (opposite Beetham Tower) a taverna with live acts as well as underground seating in a plush environment. Food and drink is competitively priced but well worth the money for the spectacular quality and authenticity of the food and dining experience as a whole.
Rozafa located near Albert Square and the town hall, a pleasant place to while away an hour or two, with very honest and tasty food.
Bouzuki by night Princess Street.
Twisted Med Castlefield (near Deansgate Station) Greek, Spanish and Italian-influenced Mediterranean cuisine set in a beautiful high end location of the city centre.
Seasonal[ edit ]
During the period leading up to Christmas from November, there is a Christmas Market stretching from the Town Hall towards St Ann's Square and New Cathedral Street. By the Town Hall section there is a spectacular range of international cuisine. Those not to be missed are the crepes (£3.50-4.50 each, but they are really large) which are some of the best in Europe and the paella (£4.50 a box) which is genuinely Spanish. Other popular stalls include German hotdogs and Dutch pancakes. There is also a stall selling German salamis. If you go there nearer Christmas, you may be able to get a bargain packet of 7-8 salamis for just £10.
Splurge[ edit ]
Search out the upmarket restaurants in the city's top hotels (The Lowry Hotel, The Midland, SAS Radisson, and the Hilton, Deansgate to name just four). Less grand, but very popular, is the restaurant in The Malmaison hotel, by Piccadilly station. The restaurant at the top of the Urbis building,The Modern , reopened at the end of 2007 to much acclaim. It also has a great bar which shares the good view of the city's skyline. The Market Restaurant, in The Northern Quarter, is long established and has an excellent reputation. Heathcote is well represented with a place off Deansgate and a new, modern, Spanish-style venture behind Piccadilly Gardens on New York Street called Grados. Abode at 107 Piccadilly is also believed to have brought something new to the Manchester dining scene.
Those searching out native cuisine may also want to check out The Room on King street, which serves traditional and contemporary British food in a modern setting.
Harvey Nichols is a traditional style restaurant and cocktail bar at 21 New Cathedral Street, with views onto Exchange Square, and is hard to beat if you like rubbing shoulders with Manchester's wealthy set. When the store is closed there is a dedicated entrance and lift at the side of the building. Their afternoon tea is worth a try, but you may prefer the older style version at The Midland Hotel or a new take on the theme at The Lowry Hotel.
At the top of King Street, in what was once Karim's Indian restaurant, the footballer Rio Ferdinand has recently pumped a load of money into Rosso an upmarket "Italian", which has so far had good, if not excellent, revues in the local press which praised the decor and very professional waiters more than the food.
Armenian[ edit ]
The Armenian restaurant, very long established, hidden in a basement on Albert Square (by the Town Hall) is good, and full of atmosphere. It's to the left with the Town Hall facing you.
Chinese[ edit ]
Yang Sing at 17 George Street by Princess Street at the south-western edge of Chinatown has long been considered the best Cantonese restaurant in the country (and perhaps in Europe).
Spanish[ edit ]
There are the usual chains to be had on Deansgate, but try to search out El Rincón de Rafa, hidden away behind Deansgate, near St. John's Gardens. This is an authentic Spanish restaurant, established for many years, and popular with Filipinos, Spanish and people from the Americas, based in the city. It is a stone´s throw from The Instituto Cervantes.
On Deansgate, opposite The Cervantes Centre at number 279, is Evuna another Spanish tapas´ establishment. This newish venture has had very good review.
Patisserie and Tearooms[ edit ]
In common with a number of provincial towns/cities, Manchester now has its own branch of "Pâtisserie Valérie"; that of Soho fame! It is on Deansgate, opposite House of Fraser, on the corner of St Ann's Street. Gets very busy, but well worth the wait for a table. Service is attentive and the choice is exceptional.
Leckenby's, on King Street, near the House of Fraser (Kendal's) car park entrance, is a welcome addition to the Manchester cafe scene. This more traditional cafe/tea room is open even quite late into the evening and offers a pleasant,upmarket alternative to meeting up in a pub.
There are other tearooms, in the Northern Quarter, and even one on Richmond Street in the Gay Village.
Drink[ edit ][ add listing ]
Manchester has a diverse nightlife and can offer a wide range of night-time activities. It has a vibrant and varied nightlife scene, including numerous clubs as well as a huge range of drinking establishments from traditional pubs to ultra-chic concept bars. Very high-profile, of late, is the Cloud 23 bar on the 23rd floor of The Hilton, Deansgate. A bit pricey, but with attentive table service, and worth it for the views alone. By the way the personnel is very friendly and won't kick you out if you just want to have a look - you can go up for free. To avoid the sometimes 2-hour long queues, try it during the week. The bars in The SAS Radisson and The Aurora Hotel are also upmarket. For other upmarket venues (there are some very discrete ones catering for the most privileged in town ), your hotel concierge should be of help in pointing you in the right direction.
For a slightly more querky place to have a drink, The Temple of Convenience is aptly named as it is a converted underground public toilet in the city centre. The bar receives many high reviews although it's quite small and may be crowded.
Famed for its musical past, the University of Manchester Student's Union on Oxford Road hosts almost nightly gigs in its three venues on Oxford road ranging from local unsigned bands to international superstars. The Manchester Apollo in Ardwick is a slightly bigger venue having boasted appearances from Blondie to new-comers like Kasabian. Smaller bands can also be seen at a range of excellent venues in the city including the Roadhouse, Night and Day, both in the Northern Quarter , and Jabez Clegg, a pub/club off Oxford Road .
The club scene in Manchester is varied with the dance-orientated clubs you'd expect from a city setting alongside indie, rock, and gay clubs. For the commercial dance music fan, the "place to be" would be Deansgate Locks (four bars and a comedy club in a converted railway complex) in Peter's Fields where the clubs and bars can be expensive, but are always full of fashionable types and members of the local student population. More eclectic dance music styles are played at the Music Box and The Phoenix, both on Oxford Road .
For fans of rock music, Jillys on Oxford Road is something of an institution. On a Thursday, it costs just £1 to get in, while Fridays see them open until 06:00 or 07:00. It has three rooms incorporating punk, ska, metal, goth, and everything in between. Next door to Jilly's is Music Box, home to the very good (and increasingly famous) Mr. Scruff. Come here once a month to have a good dance and a cup of tea! Also check out Rock Kitchen on a Saturday night for cheap drinks at the Manchester Metropolitan University Student's Union, again on Oxford Road . If you are interested in Rock and Metal paired with cage dancers and a lapdancing lounge, try the monthly Caged Asylum night at the Ruby Lounge, the self proclaimed craziest place to be in Manchester at 28-34 High Street.
For fans of indie and alternative music, there are a whole host of new exciting clubs opening. Any late evening walk up Oxford Road should enable you to collect a variety of fliers for club nights. The Friday edition of The Manchester Evening News has a good listings section, which is handy for the weekend. Papers are handed out free of charge Mon-Fri, at various points in the centre and at some newsagents.
The Retro Bar on Sackville Street , hosts live acts upstairs and a club downstairs with play lists that include Blondie, The Ramones, and Le Tigre. Joshua Brooks on Charles Street is also another club where you can expect a mix of indie, electro, punk, and rock in a budget-friendly, student atmosphere. Weekly, Smile at the Star and Garter [45] in East Manchester is something of a local indie institution with a great playlist. Be warned, it sells out very early and can often be unbearably busy as a result of this. Saturdays also play host to Tiger Lounge near the Town Hall . This plays more in the way of lounge alongside experimental and indie sounds.
If you want to hear music by Manchester bands like The Stone Roses, visit Fifth Avenue on Princess Street , often brimming with students — unsurprising when you see the cheap drinks prices! They also feature themes such as toga and foam parties. The other, rival centre club for indie music is 42nd Street, just off Deansgate . It plays a mixture of classic and modern indie, 60's pop, and 70's funk and soul.
To enjoy Gay Manchester, it is probably best to visit Canal Street with its concentration of bars and clubs and visit places that appeal along the way. Just off Canal Street, the most popular gay clubs are Essential, a multi-floor super-club open until the early hours (sometimes as late as 08:00), Cruz 101 (Manchester's longest running gay club) and Poptastic, a two-room pop and indie club held at Alter Ego every Tuesday and Saturday night. Although entry can be expensive, this is usually reflected in a reduced price bar inside the club.
For bars, try the cocktail lounge Socio Rehab in the Northern Quarter (ask a taxi driver where it is) and Tribeca on Sackville Street (in the popular Gay Village). Trof, a funky student bar in Fallowfield , has recently opened a second venture, Trof North, on Thomas Street in the Northern Quarter .
Although there are still plenty of cafes and traditional pubs in Manchester, bars and restaurants with much more bohemian and cosmopolitan feels to them are now dominating. The better traditional pubs include:
Lass O'Gowrie at 36 Charles Street .
Salisbury at 2 Wakefield Street off of Oxford Road.
Peveril of the Peak. Behind The Bridgewater Hall at 27 Great Bridgewater Street.
Britons Protection. 50 Bridgewater Street, behind the stage door entrance of the Bridgewater Hall. It is here where many a poor mug "took The King's Shilling" and found himself pressganged into the army. Great selection of whisky. Has a small backyard beer garden.
Sinclairs. This is just by Harvey Nichols store at 2 Cathedral Gates.
Grey Horse Inn at 80 Portland Street.
The Old Wellington Inn, the oldest pub in Manchester. It was opened in 1552. Along with Sinclair's the whole place was moved, a couple of hundred yards down the road at number 4, as part of the development of New Cathedral Street, after the IRA bomb of 1996.
The Marble Arch Inn, 76 Rochdale Road. Real ale brewed on the premises and cask ale from micro-breweries nationwide.
The Venue Nightclub, 29 Jacksons Row. Dedicated to delivering amazing music with cheap drink prices. A must visit.
Comedy wise, Manchester has a fair number of offerings: The Frog and Bucket at 96 Oldham Street offers student friendly prices and The Comedy Store at 1a-3 Deansgate Locks is the largest comedy venue in town. XS Malarkey at 341-343 Wilmslow Road in Fallowfield is cheap but good.
Budget[ edit ]
Castlefield Hotel, Liverpool Rd, ☎ +44 161 832 7073, [46] . A three-star hotel in the Castlefield area. Extensive on-site leisure facilities, including an 18m pool. The hotel offers free WiFi and has parking available for an extra charge. from £49 for private rooms. edit
Hilton Chambers, 15 Hilton Street Manchester, M1 1JJ (http://www.hattersgroup.com/Hilton/location.php), ☎ +44 161 236 4414, [47] . A popular youth hostel which is part of the 2nd most popularly rated hostel chain worldwide. Their accommodations include 24-hour check in, wifi, a guest kitchen, TV, common area, and a continental breakfast included in the rate. They also have a BBQ on the rooftop deck. £15-25 for dorms, £45-70 for private rooms. edit
YHA Manchester, Potato Wharf Castlefield Manchester, M3 4NB (http://www.yha.org.uk/find-accommodation/north-west-cities/hostels/manchester/travel_info.aspx), ☎ 0845 371 9647, [48] . This hostel is centrally located by the canal, and offers a game room, TV, cafe and restaurant, guest kitchen, laundry, internet access, and parking facilities. £18 for a dorm bed. edit
Manchester Hotels, City Centre Manchester, [49] . This Manchester Hotel provides all types of accommodation in Manchester aswell as Manchester City Centre Accommodation. £19 for a single room. edit
Trafford Hall Hotel, 23 Talbot Road, Old Trafford, Manchester, M16 0PE (http://www.venturehotels.co.uk/Trafford-Hall-Hotel/budget-hotels-manchester.aspx), ☎ +44 161 848 7791, [50] . This hotel is located near old trafford football ground and has great transport access to Salford and the city centre. £50 for a hotel room. edit
Sachas Hotel, Tib Street Manchester. Britannia Sachas is a popular hotel located near Manchester city centre. from £26 for a single room. edit
Britannia Hotel Manchester, Portland Street Manchester, [51] . Britannia Manchester Hotel is located in city centre from £26 for a single room. edit
Dave Hotel Manchester, New Street Manchester, [52] . Hotel is located in city centre from £20 for a single room. edit
Ibis Budget Manchester Salford Quays, 19 Trafford Road, Salford, M5 3AW, ☎ +44 161 848 0898 (fax: +44 113 267 4410), [53] . Ibis budget Hotel Manchester Salford Quays is a low-cost hotel located in the Salford Quays district, about 3 km from the city centre. edit
ibis Manchester Princess Street, M1 7DG , tel: +44 161 619 9001, [54] ibis Manchester Centre Princess Street is a budget hotel, less than 1 km from the city centre.
ibis Manchester Portland Street, 96 Portland Street, M1 4JY , tel: +44 161 619 9000, [55] ibis Manchester Centre Portland Street hotel is located in Manchester city center, close to the city's major attractions.
Mid Range[ edit ]
Arora International Manchester, 18-24 Princess Street Manchester, M1 4LY (http://www.arorainternational.com/manchester/location.html), ☎ +44 161 236 8999 (fax: +44 161 236 3222), [56] . A modern hotel inside a fine old building with restored facade. Rooms are reasonably spacious for the UK, bathrooms modern and there is air conditioning. The beds are comfortable and the rooms have irons, safes, fridges and heated bathroom mirrors. It is very centrally located in the Manchester city centre, being just across the road from the Manchester Art Gallery. The staff are friendly and helpful. Residential floors are secured; access requires your room key card. Breakfast has a good selection and may be included in the room rate. It is eaten in the hotel's own Obsidian Restaurant and Bar located in the basement and accessible by lift if you don't want to leave the hotel. The Obsidian also has its own separate street entrance. In room broadband internet is available for a fee. The reception area is modest. Parking is a few hundred metres away in a multi-storey public park; the hotel has none of its own. £130. edit
SACO Apartments, 5 Piccadilly Place, Manchester, M1 3BP, ☎ +44 117 970 6999 (fax: +44 117 974 5939), [57] . checkin: 16:00; checkout: 10:00. Serviced apartments set over the top of the new piazza in Piccadilly Place. Rooms are well-equipped with necessities like wireless Internet, a direct dial phone, separate showers, digital tv and CD/DVD player and more. The lobby includes a lift, off-site gym and car parking. From £72. edit
stayManchester, 40 Laystall Street, Manchester M1 2JZ, ☎ +44 161 236 7330 ( [email protected] ), [58] . checkin: 14:00; checkout: 10:00. Serviced apartments in Manchester City Centre. A great selection of 28 one bedroom (sleeps 3), 55 two bedroom (sleeps 5 or 6) and 1 three bedroom (sleeps 8) self catering apartments, which come fully furnished with bed linen and towels also provided. All apartments also come with fully-equipped kitchens, washer/dryer, microwave oven, TV/DVD players and lounge/dining area. From £70. edit
Macdonald Manchester Hotel and Spa, London Road, Manchester, M1 2PG, ☎ 0344 879 9088, [59] . The Macdonald Manchester Hotel and Spa is the largest 4-star hotel in Manchester. Located a short walk from Manchester Piccadilly Station. edit
Mercure Manchester Norton Grange Hotel and Spa, Manchester Road Castleton, ☎ +44 161 619 9004 (fax: +44 161 228 1568), [60] . The 4-star Mercure Manchester Norton Grange Hotel and Spa is set in the countryside and its own landscaped grounds, 8 miles form the city centre. edit
Mercure Manchester Piccadilly Hotel, Portland Street, M1 4PH, ☎ 0844 815 9024 ( [email protected] , fax: +44 161 228 1568), [61] . The 3 star Mercure Manchester Piccadilly Hotel is located only nine mile away from Manchester airport and half a mile from Manchester Piccadilly railway station and the MEN Arena. edit
Novotel Manchester Centre Hotel, 21 Dickinson Street , tel: +44 161 619 9003, http://www.accorhotels.com/gb/hotel-3145-novotel-manchester-centre/ The Novotel Manchester Centre Hotel is located in central Manchester.
Novotel Manchester West Hotel, Worsley Brow Worsley, tel: +44 161 619 9002, http://www.accorhotels.com/gb/hotel-0907-novotel-manchester-west/ Novotel Manchester West Hotel is set close to the historic village of Worsley.
Splurge[ edit ]
The Principal Manchester, Oxford Street, Manchester, Greater Manchester, M60 7HA, ☎ 0161 288 1111 ( [email protected] ), [62] . With its clock tower and striking Victorian architecture, The Principal Manchester is an unmistakable landmark in the city's skyline. A magnificent, terracotta Grade II listed building, the hotel has a history dating back to 1890, when it first opened as The Refuge Assurance Company headquarters. edit
Roomzzz Manchester City, 36 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 4JY, ☎ 0844 499 4888 ( [email protected] ), [63] . Roomzzz Manchester City is part of the fabric of the city. It's housed in a Grade II listed cotton warehouse, boasting high ceilings, long windows, soaring interior spaces and grand Victorian character. The concept of Roomzzz is to combine all the best features of a boutique hotel with all the best things about a luxury apartment. Each room has a pocket-sprung memory foam bed, an Apple Mac Computer, widescreen LCD TV with Freeview and free wi-fi, local and national calls. edit
Marriott Victoria and Albert Hotel, Water Street Manchester, M3 4JQ (http://www.marriott.co.uk/hotels/maps/travel/manva-manchester-marriott-victoria-and-albert-hotel/), ☎ +44 161 832 1188 (fax: +44 161 834 2484), [64] . Built in 1844 and restored immaculately in 2005, this 4-star hotel is one of Manchester's most deluxe accommodations, on the banks of the Irwell River. The hotel has a gourmet restaurant, bar, and lounge. The hotel is smoke-free except for designated rooms on the 2nd floor. £150. edit
Radisson SAS Hotel Manchester Airport, Chicago Avenue, Ringway, Greater Manchester, M90 3RA, ☎ +44 161 490 5000 (fax: +44 161 490 5100), [65] . Stunning views in Business Class with direct access to both its own station and to Manchester Airport. The high-speed wireless internet is reasonably priced, with a fantastic restaurant and lavishly equipped health club. £75-250. edit
There are thousands of hotel beds in the city ranging from 5 star establishments to bed and breakfast. If in doubt consult the tourist office, behind the Town Hall on St Peter's Square. See City Information section for contact details and address.
Self-Catering[ edit ]
Self-catering apartments in Manchester are now becoming popular alternatives to 'traditional' hotel stays. There are thousands of self catering apartments available throughout the city centre and outskirts - providing accommodation for up to 8 people at a time, for stays of anything from one night to 1 year. You can expect noisy neighbours at weekends! Light in The Northern Quarter seems to be THE place to stay, of this kind, of late. Do also take care of the place you are staying in as, according to the local press, there have been some horror stories of people being charged for breakages etc for which they were not responsible.
Contact[ edit ]
Although you will find a whole bunch of available wi-fi hot spots in central Manchester, they can be very expensive. Until the free municipal wi-fi network comes live in a few years, make best use of the free wi-fi available at:
Cornerhouse, 70 Oxford Street - art gallery, cinema, bar.
Oklahoma Cafe, 74 - 76 High Street - organic, vegetarian and fair trade coffee shop.
The Castle Pub, 66 Oldham Street - traditional pub *Note: currently being refurbished so may have limited service or be closed.
Revolution, 90-94 Oxford Road, M1 5WH - trendy vodka bar. The wifi is also reachable from the Starbucks on the other side of Oxford Road.
The Post Code for Manchester is 'M'. The Dialling Code is '0161'.
If you're wanting to use a mobile in Manchester, it might be worth looking at some local sims.
The main mobile networks are EE, Vodafone, Three and O2. However there are a host of MVNOs that use the infrastructure of these networks, these often offer plans tailored towards expat communities and tourist who wish to call abroad, the main players are LycaMobile, Lebara and giffgaff. Most of these sim cards can be picked up in local shops however giffgaff do not have shops and only post out sims to the UK - therefore if you'd like a giffgaff sim abroad you can order one here . If staying connected is a priority you may want to compare the data speeds of the networks, OpenSignal provide London coverage maps.
Stay safe[ edit ]
Manchester is reknowned for it's energetic and diverse nightlife and music scene, which can of course also include a heady amount of public drunkenness in the later hours, particularly on weekends. Police patrol heavily on Friday and Saturday nights in the major traffic areas, and it is generally safe although quiet areas after dark should be avoided, especially in the early hours. As in any town or city, you should also avoid any conflict with door staff at bars, clubs, and pubs. Most door staff will be friendly enough but the profession sometimes attracts thugs.
All pubs, bars, and clubs are best avoided on days where the Manchester derby football match is taking place. Relations between the two sets of supporters have never been amicable, to say the least, but things seem to have deteriorated recently. What starts out as "banter" quite commonly gets out of hand.
Homelessness and begging have increased dramatically in recent years, and consequently some associated criminal behaviour with it. Some busy central areas, particularly Picadilly Gardens, can be a centre of hustling and public drunkenness and it is advisable to avoid hanging around, particularly alone. If you are arranging to meet someone in central Manchester, try instead some of the nearby coffee shops or department stores. Picadilly Gardens after dark is also an active site for drug dealers and a general central crossing point for much of Manchester's nightlife, so bear this in mind. Pickpockets are also occasionally a problem so remain alert to your belongings at all times.
As in other parts of Britain, you may encounter sellers of "The Big Issue". The Magazine is published by the Big Issue in The North, a social enterprise and sold to the homeless for resale on the streets. All of the vendors are genuinely homeless and are forbidden from begging whilst selling the magazine. Vendors can be found around the city and visitors may want to buy a £2 copy. Please ensure you only buy from badged, official vendors.
Unfortunately, Manchester has the highest car crime rate in the UK, and one of the highest rates of car theft and break-ins in Europe. If you bring your car into Manchester be careful to park it in a well-lit area, and hide away any belongings in the boot.
It's important to stress that overall Manchester is a safe city, especially during the daytime - however after dark, it is advisable to stick to the busier commercialised areas and well-lit streets. Use your common sense - should you spot suspicious-looking groups avoid them and walk the other way, or try to walk past them quickly.
Most of the areas in Manchester where tourists venture are very safe. The following areas are very much "off the beaten path". Nonetheless, should you choose to go, then caution would be advised after dark:
Longsight, Levenshulme, Gorton, and Burnage. This is a somewhat deprived residential area in the shadow of the city centre, which has as yet avoided the gentrification of nearby Hulme. Crime is above average although organised crime has seen a large decline in recent years after a series of high-profile prosecutions.
Moss Side. Famously, this area has been historically associated with gang related violence and gun crime but after heavy redevelopment, and community action and policing since the 1990's, it is largely no worse than other inner-city areas of any major city. It is adjacent to some pleasant parks, including the small Whitworth Park and larger Platt Fields Park, although all of these parks are to be avoided after dark. Catch the Caribbean Festival of Manchester in Alexandra Park every July/August.
Parts of Withington & Fallowfield. Like Moss Side, these areas have also been home to elements to gang culture. It is safe enough during the daytime, but avoid council estates after dark. Due to the above-average rate of young people, typically students and post-graduates, who live in the area, some predatory elements are attracted and sometimes seek drunk or otherwise vulnerable people, typically in the early hours.
Parts of Hulme but this young, trendy, regenerated area would be of interest to many with its new town houses, quirky architecture and blocks of flats and is next to the centre. Avoid council estates at night.
Cheetham Hill. Avoid at night; but, during the day, this suburb, to the north of Victoria Station, is a lively, colourful mixture of cultures: Jewish, Asian, and newer arrivals to the city from various parts of the world. The shopping area around "The Village" is very much like an inner London high street.
Wythenshawe. Much of this area is a vast public housing district, out towards the airport. A mixture of low income and more middle-class housing, some parts are comparatively deprived yet adjacent to older, more expensive properties, particularly along Wythenshawe Park.
Ordsall. Whilst in the process of extensive redevelopment, Ordsall neighbors onto more deprived areas in Salford and so some caution after dark is advisable.
Ancoats. Whilst home to significant redevelopment and expansion, and only just north and adjacent to the trendy Northern Quarter, Ancoats is generally best avoided on foot after dark, or at least it is best to travel in groups to and from your destination.
Cope[ edit ]
Many countries have consulates and commissions in Manchester, the most in the UK outside London. For others, you may have to travel to London .
Consulate of Belgium, 76 Moss Lane Bramhall, Stockport SK7 1EJ. Tel. +44 161 439 5999.
Consulate General of The People's Republic of China, Denison House, Denison Road, Rusholme, Manchester M14 5RY. Tel. +44 161 248 9304.
The Royal Danish Consulate, Beaumont House, 455 Chester Road, Old Trafford, Manchester, M16 9HA. Tel: +44 161 300 5375.
Trade Commission of France, 24th Floor, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1.
Consulate of France, Davis Blank Furniss, 90 Deansgate, Manchester M3 2QJ. Tel. +44 161 832 3304.
Trade Board of Ireland, 56 Oxford Street, Manchester M1.
Consulate of Italy, Rodwell Tower, 111 Piccadilly, Manchester M1.
Consulate of Monaco, Dene Manor, Dene Park, Manchester M20.
The Royal Consulate of the Netherlands, 123 Deansgate, Manchester M3.
Vice-consulate of Pakistan, 4th Floor Hilton House, 26/28 Hilton Street, Manchester M1.
Consulate General of Spain, La Brook House, 70 Spring Gardens, Manchester M2 2BQ.
Consulate General of Switzerland, 24th Floor, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1.
Swedish Consulate, Lincoln House, 1 Brazennoze Street, Manchester M2 5FJ. Tel. +44 161 834 4814.
Norwegian Consulate, International Trade centre, Churchgate House,6 Oxford Street,Manchester M60 7HF. Tel. +44 161 236 1406.
Consulate of Iceland, 28 Macclesfield Road, Wilmslow SK9 2AF. Tel. +44 1625 524133.
Consulate of Finland, 5 Bramway,High Lane, Stockport SK6 8EN.Tel. +44 161 376 4799.
Consulate of Czech Republic, 20 Stamford New Road,Altrincham WA14 1EJ. Tel(mob). +44 7729 834759.
High Commission of Cyprus, 304-306 Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NS. Tel. +44 161 276 5013.
Get out[ edit ]
Manchester is well placed at the heart of Northern England. Everything is within an hour or so of Manchester's Piccadilly and Victoria stations; major cities, National Parks, picturesque scenery, seaside resorts and swanky suburbs can all be reached by train.
Seaside[ edit ]
Blackpool — Around 1 hour by train. Previously known as 'The Playground of England'. Famed for a wild night out and favoured by Stag and Hen parties. An education, with some fantastic gay clubs to rival those anywhere! Blackpool's attractions including Britain's busiest theme park Pleasure Beach, Blackpool and the famous "Lights" from end of August to the second weekend in November.
If you want a quieter day by the seaside try Southport . Shopping and tea rooms combine with the beach to make Southport a nice relaxing day out. Accessible by train from Manchester in around one hour.
The North Wales seaside resorts of Rhyl , Prestatyn and Llandudno are around an hour and a half to two hours away from Manchester.
Formby near Southport is a nice day out. Some picturesque sand-dunes, red squirrel preservation area, an ice-cream van and a lovely beach, without the usual British seaside resort junk (arcade games, amusements etc). A change of train is required, so journey times are over an hour away. You can get to Formby on Merseyrail's northern line from Liverpool or from Southport.
City[ edit ]
Liverpool was European Capital of Culture in 2008, and is booming with its buzzing nightlife, great shops, superb restuarants, bars and theatres, and its world famous waterfront. The River Mersey and the magnificent Albert Dock, along with the city's cosmopolitan character and its rich cultural, music and sporting heritage make it definitely worth a visit, with numerous museums of national importance, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, a superb concert arena, a wealth of fine Victorian and Georgian buildings and two very contrasting cathedrals. Liverpool One, the new city centre shopping centre, has put Liverpool in the top five most popular retail destinations in the UK. Many Mancunians have friends and family based in their sister city and are enjoying its urban renaissance as a compliment to their own. Take a trip to Liverpool for a great day out and make sure you include a ride on the world famous Mersey ferry, or book into one of the many splendid city centre hotels and spend a weekend to really sample the vibrant nightlife and perhaps have a meal in Europe's oldest Chinatown. In 2014 Liverpool was voted the third best visitor destination in the world by Trip Advisor, and fourth friendliest city in the world for travelers by Rough Guide.
Leeds — Less than an hour from Manchester, in West Yorkshire , this is the largest city in Yorkshire and now a major financial centre, as well as home to The Royal Armories Collection, good museums and galleries and the much-praised West Yorkshire Playhouse Theatre. There is great shopping to be had, some of which is housed in elegant victorian arcades, and many excellent restaurants & bars too.
Bradford . This city is next door to Leeds, so close their suburbs merge into one, and boasts the fabulous Alhambra Theatre, The National Media Museum, with a giant IMAX screen, and the German Merchants' Quarter, which is also well worth a visit.
Chester — Take a Direct train from Manchester Piccadilly or Oxford Road stations to this compact Roman city in Cheshire on the edge of North Wales . Old buildings and cobbled streets will greet you as well as the unique shopping streets with two storeys. You can also walk around the city centre on the Roman Walls. Lots of inviting tea rooms and pubs await you too as well as the cathedral and Roman remains.
The city's zoo is one of the best in the country, and can be found on the edge of the city, near the main Park & Ride car park, which is easily reached from Manchester or Liverpool and well signposted. The "Blue Planet Aquarium" and "Cheshire Oaks Outlet Centre", near to each other, are but a short drive from the zoo also.
In Chester listen out for all the accents, including a lot of Welsh voices, mixed with those of nearby Liverpool, Manchester and beyond!
Sheffield , in South Yorkshire , is less well known to Manchester people, due to poor road links, but it is less than 40 miles/60 km away and the train service from Piccadilly is good and the journey a scenic one. This fine, post-industrial city is said to be built on seven hills and was once home to a world-famous steel industry. Nowadays, Sheffield is a growing cultural centre, boasting the UK's second largest theatre complex and a thriving music scene that has produced such acts as Arctic Monkeys, Def Leppard and Pulp.
Preston — This Lancashire town still retains an "old northern" culture and is the UK's newest city, having been at last granted that status. The city centre is currently undergoing a £700 million redevelopment project. Preston is about a 40 minute drive north of Manchester and also accessible by train or coach. Preston is well worth a visit. It is the administrative centre of the County of Lancashire and home to County Hall and one of the region's newer universities, UCLAN.
Country[ edit ]
Peak District for grass and hills. About 20 miles/30 km to the east of the city. A National Park and one of the most beautiful parts of the country. Buxton and the villages around are worth a look. Hadfield and Glossop are around 30 minutes train ride away from Piccadilly. Edale and Buxton are under an hour away.
The Lake District — For a bit of greenery in a National Park, go to the north. Of international poetic repute and one of the most beautiful parts of England. About an hour away.
Heaton Park — Ok, not exactly deep countryside but the nearest suburban Manchester can offer. Heaton Park is served by Metrolink trams around 10 minutes away from Manchester Victoria on the Bury Line, so it is great if you want a break from the city but are short on time! The tram station is on the Prestwich side of the park. The Nº 135 bus from Manchester centre will take you to the same entrance, as will the 137 and 138. Some other buses will take you to the Middleton Road side to the east of the park. You could easily spend a whole day in this expansive park, with loads of attractions including pitch and putt, the boating lake, the tramway museum, former stately home "Heaton Hall". Finish off with the excellent views of the City and surrounding countryside from the highest point in Manchester "Heaton Park Temple".
Delamere Forrest and Tatton Park are beautiful areas of Mid-Cheshire on the Manchester-Chester via Stockport line. Alight at Delamere and Knutsford stations respectively.
Suburban and beyond[ edit ]
Huddersfield — A solid Victorian gem! Around 30 minutes away by Transpennine Express. This fine town is in West Yorkshire .
Todmorden - A lovely Victorian town about 30 minutes away by train. A bustling market, fine restaurants and striking natural beauty are all included within the town. Population : 14 000
Clitheroe - Located in Lancashire , this historic town is home to a great example of an ancient Norman castle. The town is overlooked by the famous Pendle Hill known for the infamous Pendle Witch trials, the borough is also dominated by the Forest of Bowland one of the North's areas of outstanding natural beauty and a prefect place to explore some of the county's finest scenery. Trains run from Victoria station every hour and the journey takes roughly 1 hour 20 minutes.
Wigan — Located in the western part of Greater Manchester, it is the 2nd largest borough in the city region in terms of size and population. Home to the 1970's Northern Soul scene, famous for its premier league football league team Wigan Athletic & Super League Champion Rugby team Wigan Warriors as well as pies. The shopping district has been greatly expanded with the grand arcade shopping centre opening in 2007, and is now in the top 100 UK retail destinations. Wigan is around a 25-40 minutes by frequent trains (6 per hour) from central Manchester depending on the service and line, or 1 hour by First bus services 32 & 33 from Piccadilly Gardens.
Rochdale — Also within Greater Manchester and home town of Gracie Fields, boasting a Victorian Gothic town hall to rival Manchester's. The town is around a 20-25 minute Metrolink or train ride from Victoria or 50 minutes by bus from Shudehill Interchange, with First's 17 being the most frequent. The Cooperative Movement started here and there is a dedicated museum.
Stockport is in the south of the city region and boasts the Hat Museum and the 1930's Plaza Cinema and Theatre with an authentic old style tea room. Trains from Piccadilly take around 13 minutes and there are also excellent bus links. From the railway station there is a free bus link to the centre. You can also visit the underground, former World War II bomb shelters. Stockport is served by Stagecoach's 192 from Piccadilly Gardens and this is the most frequent bus service in the conurbation.
Bolton - The most northern district of Greater Manchester, famous for Bolton Wanderers FC, Bolton Market and the home of comic Peter Kay. Bolton is around 25 minutes by train or 1 hour by bus on services 8, 36 & 37 from the city centre. It is also home to the University of Bolton, Greater Manchester's newest and smallest university.
Bury , Oldham , Ashton-under-Lyne , and Altrincham are all satellite towns, within Greater Manchester, each with their distinct feeling and market-town atmosphere. They are all under 25 minutes way from the city centre by train or Metrolink tram or a little more by bus.
If you are in a hurry to get to outlying places by train and are unsure where to buy your ticket, as long as you board the correct one, these can be bought on the train from the guard who will walk through the carriages. Piccadilly in particular can be quite confusing to the visitor. There are some ticket machines if the queues are too long.
This is a usable article. It has information for getting in as well as some complete entries for restaurants and hotels. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow !
| i don't know |
Which Greek word means 'citadel' or 'highest city'? | 12 Greek Words You Should Know
12 Greek Words You Should Know
By Daniel Scocco
Along with Latin, Greek is probably the language that most influenced other languages around the world. Many English words derive directly from Greek ones, and knowing their origin and meaning is important.
Below you will find 12 Greek words that are commonly used in our society. The next time you hear someone saying “Kudos to you,” you will know where it comes from.
1. Acme
The highest point of a structure. The peak or zenith of something. One could say that Rome reached the acme of its power on 117 AD, under the rule of Trajan.
The acme of modular, factory-built, passively safe reactor design, however, is found in South Africa. People there have been experimenting with so-called pebble-bed reactors for decades. (The Economist)
2. Acropolis
Acro means edge or extremity, while polis means city. Acropolis, therefore, refers to cities that were built with security purposes in mind. The word Acropolis is commonly associated with Greece’s capital Athens, although it can refer to any citadel, including Rome and Jerusalem.
The Beijing Olympics torch relay reached the ancient Acropolis in Athens on Saturday amid heavy police security and brief demonstrations by small groups of protesters. (New York Times)
3. Agora
The Agora was an open market place, present in most cities of the ancient Greece. Today the term can be used to express any type of open assembly or congregation.
The most characteristic feature of each settlement, regardless of its size, was a plaza—an open space that acted as a cemetery and may have been a marketplace. It was also, the archaeologists suspect, a place of political assembly, just as the agora in an ancient Greek city was both marketplace and legislature. (The Economist)
4. Anathema
Anathema is a noun and it means a formal ban, curse or excommunication. It can also refer to someone or something extremely negative, disliked or damned. Curiously enough, the original Greek meaning for this word was “something offered to the gods.”
Some thinkers argue that while collaboration may work for an online encyclopedia, it’s anathema to original works of art or scholarship, both of which require a point of view and an authorial voice. (USA Today)
5. Anemia
Anemia refers to a condition characterized by a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the red blood cells (or of the hemoglobin). Over the years, however, the term started to appear in other contexts, referring to any deficiency that lies at the core of a system or organization.
In comments to the Dallas Morning News, Dallas Fed President Richard Fisher, the lone dissenter in last week’s decision to keep the federal funds target at 2%, said the U.S. faces “a sustained period of anemia” and that “in the second half of this year we will broach zero growth.” Last week Fisher wanted higher rates, his fifth-straight dissent in favor of tighter policy. (The Wall Street Journal)
6. Ethos
Translated literally from the Greek, ethos means “accustomed place.” It refers to a disposition or characteristics peculiar to a specific person, culture or movement. Synonyms include mentality, mindset and values.
Consumerism needs this infantilist ethos because it favors laxity and leisure over discipline and denial, values childish impetuosity and juvenile narcissism over adult order and enlightened self-interest, and prefers consumption-directed play to spontaneous recreation. (Los Angeles Times)
7. Dogma
Dogma refers to the established belief or set of principles held by a religion, ideology or by any organization. Dogmas are also authoritative and undisputed. Outside of the religious context, therefore, the term tends to carry a negative connotation. Notice that the plural is either dogmata or dogmas.
It’s not a new type of web, it’s just where the web has got to – it’s also a terrific excuse for much chatter on the blogging circuit, and a huge amount of dogmatism. (Financial Times)
8. Eureka
The exclamation Eureka is used to celebrate a discovery, and it can be translated to “I have found!”. It is attributed to the famous Greek mathematician Archimedes. While taking a bath, he suddenly realized that the water displaced must be equal to the volume of the part of his body he had submerged. He got so excited with the discovery that he left his home and started to run and shout “Eureka!” through the streets of Syracuse.
Those eureka moments in the shower or on the bus when something suddenly starts to make sense only happen if you keep plugging away. (The Guardian)
9. Genesis
Genesis means birth or origin. There are many synonyms for this word, including beginning, onset, start, spring, dawn and commencement. Genesis is also the name of the first book of the Bible.
And when Mr McCain headed to the safe shoals of policy wonkery, Mr Obama flayed his idea of calling for a commission to investigate the genesis of the financial crisis as the resort of politicians who don’t know what else to do. (The Economist)
10. Phobia
Many people wrongly think that a phobia is a fear. In reality it is more than that. Phobia is an irrational and exaggerated fear of something. The fear can be associated with certain activities, situations, things or people.
Poorer communities have a phobia of undercooked food. Very advanced societies enjoy their fish and meat either raw or very close to it. To the French their idea of cooking a steak is so perfunctory one might as well hack the thing off the cow and tuck in. (Financial Times)
11. Plethora
You have a plethora when you go beyond what is needed or appropriate. It represents an excess or undesired abundance.
In California, for example, some neighborhoods have been blighted by the plethora of empty homes. Joe Minnis, a real estate agent for Prudential California, knows foreclosed homes in San Bernardino that have been systematically stripped, trashed and tagged by gang members. (Business Week)
12. Kudos
Kudos means fame or glory, usually resulting from an important act or achievement. It is interesting to notice that in Greek and in the Standard British English, Kudos is a singular noun. Inside the United States, however, it is often used in a plural form (e.g., You deserve many kudos for this accomplishment!)
They deserve the kudos because they could be deemed responsible for the marked improvement in the commercials during Super Bowl XL last night. (New York Times)
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97 Responses to “12 Greek Words You Should Know”
mmhan
on September 29, 2008 7:38 pm
this is off-topic. But did i see a resemblance of something in that picture? 😀
Maeve
on September 29, 2008 10:30 pm
Daniel,
on September 29, 2008 11:17 pm
Great ~ thanks for posting!
on September 30, 2008 5:05 am
Hahaha, the penis army strikes with their greek expressions!
whorfin
on September 30, 2008 5:15 am
mmhan, are you referring to the phallic shape of the helmet? If so, then yes, you were the only one to notice.
Patrick
on September 30, 2008 5:33 am
Interestingly if you take number 3 (Agora) and number 10 (phobia) you get “Agoraphobia”, literally the “fear of the marketplace”. Or more commonly, fear of crowds or groups of people.
Kurt S
on September 30, 2008 6:16 am
@mmhan-you have a dirty mind…..but I saw it too so I shouldn’t talk lol
subcorpus
on September 30, 2008 6:59 am
good post …
on September 30, 2008 8:59 am
How can this list not include “kleos”?!?
jared
on September 30, 2008 10:37 am
informative 😉
on September 30, 2008 11:43 am
Great stuff, I’m glad I found your site.
How do we pronounce no.1? Ac-me or A-cam?
kidsAfoodSource
on September 30, 2008 12:22 pm
Ummm I am not sure how any of these are really “geek words”.
As a geek… let me help you out…
Crapplet, Decaflon, Egosurfing, Grantartica, Hipatitis, Nyetscape, Treeware, Assmosis, Beepilepsy, Bozone, Chips and Salsa.
There are a few to get you started.
As a rule… None Geeks should not comment on the geek culture.
Symeon
on September 30, 2008 12:49 pm
Good article, Daniel. Regarding #2, however:
– “Acro” (“Akri” in Greeek) doesn’t mean high, but “edge”. Consequently:
– Acropolis does not refer to cities that were built on elevated grounds. Athens is not only not built on evevated grounds but, in fact, in a basin. “Acropolis” means “city edge”. The highest point being one of the edges, and the best spot to defend against attackers, “Acropolis” refers to the defensive structure where the citizens would go to if the city was attacked. Consequently:
– The word Acropolis is not commonly associated with Greece’s capital Athens, but the defensive structure of the Acropolis in its centre. And yes, it’s a generic term that can refer to any structure appropriate for defense/resistance within a city.
Daniel Scocco
on September 30, 2008 3:50 pm
@achilles, I believe kleos is a bit less used than the 12 words on the list.
@kidsAfoodSource, you say “As a rule… None Geeks should not comment on the geek culture.”
You got be kidding me :)?
@Symeon, you are correct, I will correct the article.
Copywriters Needed/ No Experience Required- $200/hr
on September 30, 2008 4:10 pm
I use to study greek in college and always found their religion and culture quite fascinating. I use to know all of the greek mythology books and their “gods” like Zeus, Hercules, etc. That was some food for thought about the greek words.. thanks.
Bri
on September 30, 2008 7:03 pm
@ Kidsafoodsource: Perhaps you misread “gReek” for “geek” and I assume you skipped over the intro ??
SheGoddess
on September 30, 2008 7:05 pm
Fun post. How about thanatos?
zulubanshee
on September 30, 2008 7:25 pm
One very apropos word for out times was left off: hybris.
DC MATTHEWS
on September 30, 2008 10:23 pm
I’LL JUST STICK WITH ” ITS ALL GREEK TO ME.” (LOL)
keltickal
on September 30, 2008 10:37 pm
How about apocalypse? The word in Greek means revelation but it has much a greater and terrible meaning in the Christian tradition.
Jason King
on September 30, 2008 11:17 pm
Thanks for the writing tips. Geeks bearing gifts?
design
on October 01, 2008 12:31 am
Would you say I have a plethora of pinatas??
Squeedle
on October 01, 2008 1:18 am
Don’t forget “myriad,” meaning literally ten thousand, but in common use just means “a metric buttload,” or the equivalent 🙂
MissLiberty
on October 01, 2008 1:55 am
Was surprised I knew most of them! thanks!
Ibod Catooga
on October 01, 2008 4:52 am
My girlfriend sure does love Greek.
Yorkali
on October 01, 2008 3:12 pm
that Obama bit is incorrect. It was McCain that called for the commision.
temp-
on October 04, 2008 1:33 pm
just posting to thank you guys
Dave
on October 04, 2008 11:22 pm
What a real delight it is looking at a group of cretins displaying their ignorance. How anyone can actually sign a name to a comment as dribblingly banal and pointless as “it’s all greek to me” defies belief. I have a kitchen timer which is probably more intelligent than he is. And what a joy to see Kidsafoodsource grappling with words of more than 2 syllables, making a brave attempt to spell “non” and only getting one letter wrong. As for “my girlfriend sure does love Greek” – are we supposed to be in awe of this dibblebrain? Am I to be impressed that he actually has a girlfriend? or that he actually has a penis? I despair.
What we need is a cull.
pip pip
Mina
on October 05, 2008 3:42 pm
Nice post! However these are not the most frequent Greek words in common use in the English language… most people don’t realise that words like music, rhythm and economy for example are 100% Greek.
Kudos surprised me… I’m Greek, and I can’t quite match it to its Greek equivalent! Are you sure it’s Greek? Do we have any etymology details?
Glad I found this site, it’s really useful:-)
Daniel Scocco
on October 06, 2008 11:22 am
@Mina, I think we need to draw a line between Greek words and English words that derive from Greek.
For example plethora is essentially a Greek word, though in Greek it was spelled plethore if I am not wrong.
Economy, however, is an English word (we can see that by the spelling) that has its origins on the Greek oikonomos.
Consequently, including those English words that have a Greek origin would not be that useful. I am sure pretty much every one knows the meaning of music, rhythm or economy 🙂 .
As for the etymology of Kudos, I believe it comes from the Greek word kyddos, which means glory and fame.
Mina
on October 06, 2008 12:25 pm
OK, understood, as economy in Greek is oikonomia, rhythm is rhythmos, music is musiki, so I get your point:-)
However, plethora is indeed plethora (in modern Greek), but it does not necessarily mean “too” much, undesired abundance; just abundance, whether desired or not…
I checked kudos on the Internet, it is indeed Greek, however ancient… (it’s been years since I finished high school, so I don’t remember much…)
Check out http://www.lexilogia.gr and http://www.translatum.gr/forum , you may find them interesting;-)
Alina
on October 11, 2008 5:59 pm
I liked the article, but I have to say that we can’t have the exast translation (or meaning) of any word cause actually one word has 2-3 meanings in one language. People just pick one and say it’s the right one…
I speak Greek and Russian (they’re my “first” languages) and I believe that you should know thow the language to say just anything about its words.
ps: oikonomia (“economics” in Greek) sounds like “ee-ko-no-mee-ah” with the stress on “mee”.
and “etymology” is also Greek)
Alina
on October 13, 2008 9:00 am
@Aline
You said:
“I liked the article, but I have to say that we can’t have the exast translation (or meaning) of any word cause actually one word has 2-3 meanings in one language. People just pick one and say it’s the right one…”
Well I don’t agree with that. Languages borrow words from other languages all the time. It is the common usage that will determine what meaning it will have, regardless of how many meanings it had on its original language.
You are assuming that languages are something static, but in reality they are dynamic, they evolve all the time, and it is how people use them that will determine in what direction they will evolve.
Peter
on November 11, 2008 7:14 am
“Acro” (”Akri” in Greeek) doesn’t mean high, but “edge”. Consequently:
Well, actually, highest point, peak, top, extreme; and akro- is correct in ancient Greek (are you a modern Greek speaker?); e.g., Liddell-Scott gives: ἀκρόλις, -εως, ἡ the upper or higher city, hence the citadel, castle, Lat. arx, …
As for the etymology of Kudos, I believe it comes from the Greek word kyddos, which means glory and fame.
Only one “d”; long “u”: κῦδος (a neuter noun meaning “glory, fame”); distinguished from κύδος (a masculine noun meaning “reproach, abuse”)
we can’t have the exast translation (or meaning) of any word cause actually one word has 2-3 meanings in one language. People just pick one and say it’s the right one
Well, it’s the right one in English; what it means in modern Greek isn’t really relevant (and may be different from what it meant in ancient Greek, too). Sometimes English words borrowed from other languages have a meaning completely different to that in the language it’s borrowed from.
ps: oikonomia (”economics” in Greek) sounds like “ee-ko-no-mee-ah” with the stress on “mee”
Modern Greek has lost the vowel distinction, but the initial syllable was more like the “oi” in “oil” in ancient Greek, and it had a tone accent, like modern Japanese, not stress.
Peter
on November 11, 2008 7:16 am
Bah. Of course, Liddell-Scott doesn’t misspell it ἀκρόλις, it spells it correctly: ἀκρόπολις!
Alina
on November 11, 2008 1:04 pm
to Peter:
are you Greek?
well, I am. Stresses are still important. Wrong stress – wrong word. (άλλα and αλλά are two different words)
In schools Greeks learn the Ancient Greek language and the modern Greek, so I am sure in what I’ve said and I didn’t mean to confuse you.
Peter
on November 12, 2008 2:32 am
Alina: no, I’m not Greek. I study Greek and Latin. I mean ancient Greek, not modern, of course; I don’t know much at all about the modern language, but I know there have in the past been “political” arguments between Greek speakers and scholars about the pronunciation of ancient Greek, with a group of Greek speakers insisting that the modern pronunciation is pretty much how it’s always been pronounced – linguistic studies disagree, and I think that argument ended a long time ago, but I don’t know what pronunciation of ancient Greek is taught in Greek schools (e.g., in ancient Greek, β was pronounced like “b”, not “v” as in modern Greek, and the vowels were all distinct). I’m not denying that accent is important in distinguishing the meaning of words, but ancient Greek used a tone accent rather than stress – the three accent marks introduced in Byzantine writing ~600AD (´ vs. ῀ vs. `) originally denoted a rising tone over the syllable vs. rising-and-falling on the same syllable vs. something else (it’s not entirely clear what ` sounded like), although the tone accent had apparently been lost already (replaced with stress accent that doesn’t distinguish between the three different accent marks) by that time. (Most modern learners of the ancient language are told to use a stress accent, too)
FWIW, there are some recordings of fragments of ancient Greek being read in the restored pronunciation here: http://www.rhapsodes.fll.vt.edu/Greek.htm .
Peter
on November 12, 2008 9:36 am
Alina: no, I’m not Greek. I study Greek and Latin – I mean ancient Greek, not modern, of course; I don’t know much at all about the modern language, but I know there have in the past been “political” arguments between Greek speakers and scholars about the pronunciation of ancient Greek, with a group of Greek speakers
insisting that the modern pronunciation is pretty much how it’s always been pronounced – linguistic studies disagree, and I think that argument ended a long time ago, but I don’t know what pronunciation of ancient Greek is taught in Greek schools (e.g., in ancient Greek, β was pronounced like “b”, not “v” as in modern
Greek, and the vowels were all distinct). I’m not denying that accent is important in distinguishing the meaning of words, but ancient Greek used a tone accent rather than stress – the three accent marks introduced in Byzantine writing ~600AD (´ vs. ῀ vs. `) originally denoted a rising tone over the syllable vs. rising-and-falling on the same syllable vs. something else (it’s not entirely clear what ` sounded like), although the tone accent had apparently been lost already (replaced with stress accent that doesn’t distinguish between the three different accent marks) by that time. (Most modern learners of the ancient language are told to use a stress accent, too, BTW)
FWIW, there are some recordings of fragments of ancient Greek being read in the
restored ancient pronunciation here: http://www.rhapsodes.fll.vt.edu/Greek.htm .
samantha
on December 11, 2008 12:54 am
Good job1 But but next time you should put Greek words on that are commonly used today in our overy day English; Their origin, Meaning, and how they relate
John Neos
Nabis
on February 16, 2009 2:04 pm
It is interesting how 12 greek words can create a heated debate with a lot of nonsense too.
To ignorant people, Greek seems a language that is old and intimidating but the reality is not so hard to grasp. The English language has a huge debt to Greek (inc.Latin) – as many of the words are either directly or indirectly derived from Greek words.
Many English playwrites and scholars can state the beauty of the English Language in comparison to other modern languages but without Greek grammar and words – it would be very different indeed.
Ellinika yia olous opious eiste!!!
Nabis
Camille
on March 17, 2009 1:55 am
This is quite a fun list. I was a bit surprised to see ethos but not it’s usual partners logos and pathos. Those guys are important too.
I was thinking the list was going to be more about etymology, like maybe “demos – people Ex: democracy, demographics” but this is cool too. I studied Latin for 3 years so I’m quite into etymology.
Zan
on May 08, 2009 6:04 am
ah. the consequences of free speech in the internet… so tat ppl of all sorts, even spellin’ uptights, etc, wans to magnify & miss the pt of this colum… To Alina: ‘gnwthi ton dialekton’ is what u wanna say, yes? To Peter: so the marks are given only from 600AD? that makes their presence very suspicious in the milenia BEFORE then, wouldn’t it?…
Peter
on June 13, 2009 7:41 am
that makes their presence very suspicious in the milenia BEFORE then, wouldn’t it?
I don’t know the exact year they were introduced, of course; I’m not saying it was 600AD and not 599AD…actually, Mastronarde says “the practice of marking accents was initiated by literary scholars in Alexandria ca. 200 B.C.E. […] In the ninth century C.E. Byzantine scholars modified the accent-marking system, producing the conventions we now follow.” So: the modern system is a few hundred years later than I thought, but there were some sort of accent marks in the Hellenistic period, which I didn’t know (didn’t remember; I must have read that passage in Mastronarde before)
rosie
on June 18, 2009 8:43 pm
Hi you can relly use this website it is sos cool and also a great use of your time you also get to understand what every prefix means in greek in its own special way
malignedtruth
on October 01, 2009 11:48 pm
There is a plethora of comments, thusly contributing to the anemia of the discussion!
Mahendra de Silva
on October 07, 2009 7:15 am
I am from Sri Lanka (that little island off the tip of S.India). My mother tongue is Sinhala. This belongs to the Indo-Aryan language basket. North Indian settlers introduced this language around 6-5 centuries B.C.E.
The commonly used Sinhala word for cow/bull is “harakka”
This word has no roots in Sanskrit, Bengali or Pali the North Indian languages that have nourished Sinhala. (The word “gava” which is of N.Indian origin is used in more refined Sinhala for cow/bull.
Records show that there was a Greek Quarter in the ancient Sri Lanka capital Anuradhapura.
Can you enlighten me whether “harakka’ is an old Greek word for cow/bull
Thank you
lejski3
on October 23, 2009 11:02 am
Wot a gr8 site! As a monoglot English-speaking proud Welshman, [spot the contradiction?], I am eager to learn from all u clever academics out there, especially the arse-clenching snobs who give me the biggest laughs. Carry on writing please, as Sid James might have sed. [i spels good reely I just wated to join in the fun!].
sharkra
on November 04, 2009 3:42 am
do any boby no wht omicron means please tel me now so i won’t get a ” F” on my report because it is due on Wednesday Nov 4,2009.
pavan poovanna K R
on December 26, 2009 2:52 pm
greek words i will i weant sament soon will weting
corey
on January 21, 2010 11:04 pm
yo its me again i have not been here today and u no who is smart? it Selena Gomez!
billy Jacobson
on March 15, 2010 4:10 pm
Why are those words inportant?
Me
on June 16, 2010 12:58 pm
It’s a bit late, but to answer “sharkra” omikron is the Greek letter “ο / Ο” (Όμικρον).
Omikron means “ο-μικρόν” or o-small in English, instead of “ω / Ω” omega (Ωμέγα) which means o-mega (or great if you like) and it comes to replace the double “o” (omikron) in some words like the “χους-χοός-χόομα” which turns to “χώμα” (earth).
“Mahendra de Silva” : haraka (χάρακας / χάρακα) in Greek means the ruler. I don’t have in mind something else.
As about Mr. Peter “β” in Ancient Greek as well as in Modern was pronounced in the exact same way as “v” and not “b”. In English you say barbarian which comes from the Greek word “Βάρβαρος” but it is pronounced as “varvaros” and not “barbaros”. You are right when you say that Ancient Greeks did not use stress marks, they used the tone accent and the stress marks were introduced to adopt this tone accent into the written word. And that was some centuries before Byzantine Empire.
And last but not least “οι” in “οικονομία” (oi in oikonomia) is pronounced like “ea” in “leak” and not like “oi” in “oil”. In general “οι” is pronounced always like “ea” in “leak” except when it is written like “οϊ” (with dialytika “διαλυτικά” or umlaut in Deutsch) where in that case it is pronounced like “oi” in “oil”.
Apologies ( or Απολογίες in Greek) for the long text.
Peter
on June 23, 2010 4:12 am
As about Mr. Peter “β” in Ancient Greek as well as in Modern was pronounced in the exact same way as “v” and not “b”.
Rubbish; It’s well known that in the classical period β was /b/; the change to /v/ is hard to date, but may have come as late as the 9th century AD, according to W. Sidney Allen in Vox Graeca; certainly not until long after the classical period (i.e., 5th c. BC).
(The reason we pronounce “βαρβαρος” as “barbarian” in English is because it came into English from Latin, and into Latin at a period when Greek β was still pronounced /b/)
And last but not least “οι” in “οικονομία” (oi in oikonomia) is pronounced like “ea” in “leak” and not like “oi” in “oil”.
Again, a later development.
on July 15, 2010 4:46 pm
Hahahaha
Sorry fellows but Peter clearly knows what he is talking about. Besides, he is referencing what he’s saying and nobody else is.
George
on August 10, 2010 3:43 pm
Funny how non-Greek scholars always seem to insist that ancient Greek was pronounced like English, dismissing the objections of actual Greeks.
It’s like someone who’s never been at sea but has read about it insisting he’d make a better captain of an old sailing ship than a modern oil tanker captain would.
Peter
on August 12, 2010 10:21 am
Whachoo talkin’ ’bout George? No one says it was pronounced anything like English. English-speaking learners are usually told not to try to pronounce it properly (i.e., in the reconstructed pronunciation) because it has sounds foreign to English that English-speakers have a hard time producing or distinguishing from other sounds (e.g., can’t help pronouncing π as φ in most places, can’t tell them apart; can’t pronounce ευ).
Why should anyone listen to “actual Greeks”? They don’t speak ancient Greek; they speak modern Greek. Would you tell, say, a Chinese scholar who had spent his life studying Middle English that you knew how Chaucer pronounced words better than he did, just because you’re English and so was Chaucer? You’d have to be a certifiable idiot!
Peter
on August 12, 2010 10:53 am
(And note: the difference between modern English and Middle English — a language largely unrecognizable as English by most modern Speakers — is only about 700 years; the difference between ancient and modern Greek is 2500 years — more than 3½ times as long!)
cindy
on August 25, 2010 11:17 pm
I thank you Daniel for opening our minds up to all the great opinions.
Rob
on September 08, 2010 1:01 am
Very neat. Slowly working my way into Greek so I appreciate some of these words.
George
on September 08, 2010 1:20 pm
I mean how you say beta was pronounced “b”, not “v”, and omicron iota (sorry, I don’t know how to change the font to greek letters) was pronounced “oi” as in “oil” instead of “ee”. Some other examples are how you often see English speakers pronouncing letters like “mu” instead of “mi” or “pie” instead of “pee”. All of these examples are using pronounciations that would be more familiar to English speakers than Greek speakers.
As for your analogy of an English speaker telling a Chinese scholar of Middle English how to pronounce things, sure, is Middle English different from Modern English? Yes. But is it as foreign to a Modern English speaker as it would be to a Chinese speaker? No.
Afro dity
on September 16, 2010 2:50 am
“I use to know all of the greek mythology books and their “gods” like Zeus, Hercules, etc”
Excellent. You say you knew these gods: what did they say to you and how often did you meet?
Peter
on September 22, 2010 3:39 am
I mean how you say beta was pronounced “b”, not “v”, and omicron iota (sorry, I don’t know how to change the font to greek letters) was pronounced “oi” as in “oil” instead of “ee”.
That’s how they were pronounced by ancient Greeks.
Some other examples are how you often see English speakers pronouncing letters like “mu” instead of “mi” or “pie” instead of “pee”.
That’s the English pronunciation, not the Greek; i.e., English-speaking Classicists who use the reconstructed pronunciation say something more like “pee” than “pie”, when speaking Greek.
As for your analogy of an English speaker telling a Chinese scholar of Middle English how to pronounce things, sure, is Middle English different from Modern English? Yes. But is it as foreign to a Modern English speaker as it would be to a Chinese speaker? No.
An English-speaker uneducated in Middle English can make out some words, and guess others from context, but even those sufficiently similar to modern English wouldn’t have been pronounced the same way. The Chinese scholar can certainly educate the English speaker on how to pronounce even those words he recognizes. Even Shakespearean English (early modern) wasn’t pronounced the way people read it today (and modern readers miss many of his jokes because of the changed pronunciation).
Whether it’s “more foreign” to him is not relevant.
Chandrashekara
on October 14, 2010 1:09 am
Very interesting post.
Derived from Greek “oikos”(=home) and “logus” (=study).
ahmed
on November 05, 2010 1:08 pm
Plz e-mail me some latin and greek words as applicable in English Language with there meanings!
Percussim
on January 04, 2011 8:38 am
I always thought that β was pronounced “v” only when there was two of them, as in saββatou – my happiest Greek derivation is helicopter – rotary + wing, as in pteradactyl
Greek derived words in common use are all the ones begining with tele viz; television, telescope, telemetry, telegraph etc where the tele means “far off” or “distant” apparently from “end + perfected” which really fits the usage, I think.
Peter
on January 08, 2011 11:52 pm
Except that “television” is an odd mix of Greek and Latin (just Greek would be “telescope”, but that was already taken).
I think β is always pronounced ‘v’ in modern Greek. (I attended a lecture on the Peloponnesian War a while back given by a lecturer who largely used modern Greek pronunciation for non-Anglicized names. He mentioned some place called “Evia” several times, and it wasn’t until quite a long way into the lecture that I finally realized “Evia” was the island of Euboea. I’d never heard it pronounced that way before, and when he said something that gave away it’s location I go “oh, he must mean Euboea”…and then of course realized that modern Greeks pronounce ‘ευ’ as ‘ev’ and ‘β’ as ‘v’ and ‘οι’ as ‘ee’…so of course they call it that!)
Mina
on January 09, 2011 3:52 am
Indeed, “β” is always pronounced “v” in modern Greek, and Evia is indeed the island of Euboia. Funny how we Greeks sometimes have the opposite problem of anglophones studying ancient Greece in English: we have to “transcript” the English names back to Greek, and sometimes it gets confusing! But it is an asset to know Greek, when reading scientific books that are even irrelevant to Ancient Greece. I am currently reading “Second Nature” by the Nobel-prize winning neuroscientist Gerald Edelman. There is a whole section on “epistemology”, and the word “hermeneutics”. I can easily associate these terms with their Greek counterparts. Hermeneutics comes from the verb “ερμηνεύω” which means “to interpret”. The ευ here is pronounced “ev”. However in the noun “ερμηνευτική” it is pronounced “ef”. Of course in English, this also goes as a “u” sound… I guess all this is rather confusing for non-Greeks. Anyway, happy new year to all:)
Anonymous
on February 21, 2011 12:30 am
Interesting article!!! I enjoyed reading it. Thanks for posting!!!
P.S. Completely in agreement with Entropy!!! 🙂
Percussim
on February 21, 2011 8:18 am
Why when something is translated are some words left in the original language? I refer specifically to hypocrite and sabbath, where the former means “actor” and the latter, “rest” – to me replacing these words with their definitions would have helped my understanding, specifically of New Testament scripture, so there must be a reason why they are left untranslated, when the rest of the document is so painstakingly worked on.
Percussim
on February 21, 2011 8:28 am
This may or may not be related to Greek, but as I undertstand it there was once an old English letter called “thorn” and it looked like a “y” and was pronounced “th” – therefore the word “Ye” would have been pronounced “thee” , and “you” would have been pronounced “thou”, some of which are still used by older folk in the North of England and maybe some religious sects in America. Maybe nobody ever said “Ye” or “You” until it was mistranslated, probably in Shakespearean times and historical plays from those periods are therefore wrong when using the modern forms – just a thought
jen
on March 01, 2011 11:03 pm
i want to know how to speak in Greek and i learned from now a very few words like sighnomi means excuse me when i read a book the characters speak in Greek and i really like to expose myself to different languages when i met a people live in Greece i can speak ,freely and feel confident with my word:” learn from different culture and different languages”
venqax
on March 11, 2011 4:03 am
Percussim:
Yes, there once was a letter called thorn, but it looked like a P with the loop in the middle of the stem, instead of on the top. Or like a b over top a p. Early type setter did use a Y for it, since for some reason they didn’t have typeset thorns. So, yes, Ye was actually an old way to spell the or thee in print. The word Ye as in Ye Olde Whatever, should actually still be pronounced “the”.
syco
on March 29, 2011 4:51 pm
xD funny i read the words and thought it was cool cause im doing something in my english class about greek norse and roman words but honestly i spent so much time reading the coments cause they are funny and interesting that i may not complete the asignment xD
Peter
on April 02, 2011 12:06 am
There’s still a letter called thorn — þ. Typesetters in English never used it, because it was obsolete long before printing was invented. It’s still used in Icelandic. (Typesetters have never used “y”, though; rather “th”. The “y” is a misreading of handwritten þ).
Peter
on April 02, 2011 12:19 am
therefore the word “Ye” would have been pronounced “thee” , and “you” would have been pronounced “thou”
No. These “y”s are not misreadings of thorns. They’ve been pronounced (approximately) “ye” and “you” since Anglo-Saxon times, when they were spelled “ge” and “eow” — those are plural. The singular forms in Old English were “þu” and “þe”, becoming “thou” and “thee” in later English, and simply falling out of fashion in the modern period in favour of the plural “you”.
doctortrish
on April 10, 2011 3:48 am
One grave omission from the list is “phenomenon”, all the more so because most people confuses the plural “phenomena” with the the singular and refer to “phenomenas”. Of course, if the singular were “phenomena”, then the plural would need to be “phenomenata”. We also need to be vigilant of those who say “an anathema”.
racquel
on April 10, 2011 12:23 pm
i wanna learn how to speak greek through english words
Nausikaa
on April 19, 2011 2:11 pm
Greek through english words??? Here you go!
Porf. Xenophon Zolotas, Director of the Bank of Greece’s speech to the IBRD, in 1957
“I always wished to address this Assembly in Greek, but I realized that it would have been indeed Greek to all present in this room. I found out, however, that I could make my address in Greek which would still be English to everybody. With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I shall do it now, using with the exception of articles and prepositions only Greek words“
“Kyrie,
I eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic Thesaurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas.
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the synods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis from chaos and catastrophe.
In parallel, a panethnic unhypocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a democratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous American Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia.”
mubi
on May 29, 2011 3:08 pm
this website is so good tha tit made me get hundred in my exams
LX
on July 02, 2011 10:05 am
I am from the US and would say “much kudos”. I’ve never thought of it as a plural any more than “congradulations” (which I guess technically is a plural). Anyway, I am a bit tired of the DOGMATIC and anglophile attitudes that tend to subtly disparage US ENglish (and make false claims about it as here). They seem to permeate any discussion of the English language.
Peter
on July 10, 2011 8:57 pm
Yeah, fancy English-men permeate any discussion of the English language! I hate it when DOGMATIC francophiles try to tell me that “ahh saw eem pissing bai de weendow” (as spoken in Allo Allo) isn’t proper French, too 🙂 How dare they!
Damian K
on August 31, 2011 9:44 pm
I’m Greek and this is all very true…
Dennis Hodgson
on September 14, 2011 5:32 am
You could, perhaps should, have included the following: chaos, criterion, hubris, hyperbole, mentor, stigma.
Mitsos
on February 03, 2012 8:58 am
re: Phobia
“Many people wrongly think that a phobia is a fear. In reality it is more than that. Phobia is an irrational and exaggerated fear of something.”
Pardon me, but fear is an instinctive reaction (and an emotion), so it cannot, logically, be rational.
Therefore I regard the term “irrational fear” as tautological.
VTA
on February 23, 2012 8:58 pm
I love Greek language, food, dance, culture. BUT other than some loan words and word-roots, most not commonly used (technical words, etc) I’m not aware of any language that has been influenced by Greek. It has no “descendants” or closely related languages.
I’m mystified why many people have the contrary impression.
venqax
on March 14, 2012 6:11 pm
Oz: I think in this case the poster is using *rational* as a synonym for something akin to reasonable. Not technically correct from a psychological POV, but relatively common. So to say a phobia is, “an unreasonable fear”, meaning one that has no basis in reasonable assessment of risk, is understandable– even tho bio-instinctive reactions don’t really involve reason, either. I work in relatively scientific conditions (whatever that means) as maybe you do, and I think we have to remember that words we use in a very strict, term-of-art sense, like *rational*, also a have another life as casual vocabulary for the “regaler” folks in the world. Just sayin’
VTA: You make a point worth weighing. While it is true that an enormous amount of English’s– and most all W Euro languages’– vocabulary has “Greek roots”, other than that the Greek language is more disimilar from than similar to any other modern language. The only living descendant of ancient Greek is modern Greek and it comprises a branch all by its lonesome in the Indo-European family. There is a lot more to language than vocabulary.
Tariq Butt
on April 02, 2012 6:29 am
Dears, Most of the Greek words give a feeling of affinity with the regional and local languages of Pakistan. These are related to Indo-European Languages. Agora is used as a prefix for place-names scattered over a large area including India also. Moving from Islamabad to Peshawar, huge market for the cows and buffaloes is called Akora-Khattack, consonant shift from g to k, and, famous Agra Mehl, historical place near Delhi, again Delphic. In case of Akora-Khattack, it gives an idea of house of Khattack tribe. It sounds close to meaning of an Urdu word, Ghar, meaning house. So, it represents, a place where some assembly is called.
Similarly, other Greek words mentioned in this assembly of twelve, can be explained in this context.
Sophia
on April 07, 2012 12:55 pm
No, VTA the English relies heavily on the Greek language and Russian was formed from the Greek language. There are so many words in English that are the same in Greek. The letters, however are very different.
Franck @Disques Durs Externes Pas Chers
on May 27, 2012 9:32 pm
Hmm, “Genesis”, I did not know this is the right signification.Thanks for sharing.
Regards
Peter
on October 27, 2012 6:36 am
No, VTA the English relies heavily on the Greek language and Russian was formed from the Greek language.
Hm. English has a lot of Greek loan-words, but there’s no “genetic” connection. Russian is not closely related to Greek, either, and certainly not “formed from” it (the Cyrillic alphabet used in Russian is perhaps more closely related to the modern Greek alphabet than the Latin alphabet is, but that’s not a linguistic connection).
Dale A. Wood
on November 06, 2012 11:43 am
@Copywriters Needed/ No Experience Required- $200/hr on September 30, 2008
Obviously, you have no idea tha the word Greek is ALWAYS capitalized (noun or adjective), just as are German, Georgian,
Gambian, Ghanan, Gnostic, Graceland, Greenlander, and Galactic Standard (from science fiction).
Why cannot you do this capitalization on automatic pilot just like most people in North America, the British Isles, and Australia do? Repeat: Do it on automatic pilot, rather than looking stupid.
“I use to study greek in college and always found their religion and culture quite fascinating. I use to know all of the greek mythology books and their “gods” like Zeus, Hercules, etc. That was some food for thought about the greek words.. thanks.”
Bruce McClelland
on January 21, 2015 2:20 pm
I don’t know if this is really on topic, but is anyone else concerned about the word “homophobia”? Homos in Greek means ‘similar, like’ (as in homogenize), while homo in Latin means “man”. If we permit compounds that are both Latin and Greek (e.g. “hypermedia”), then at best “homophobia” should mean “fear of men”. If we insist that compounds with ancient root morphemes stick to the same language, then “homophobia” would mean “fear of similar things” or perhaps “fear of similarity.” I will check DSM-V to see if there is such a pathology….
Randy Banderob
on November 09, 2015 9:00 pm
“kudos” is singular just like your synonymous example “glory”. Thus it should be “much kudos” not “many kudos”.
| Acropolis of Athens |
Which is the only state of the USA with an old royal palace? | Archaeology Wordsmith
Archaeology Wordsmith
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: [Khmer 'the citadel of the ladies']
CATEGORY: structure; site
DEFINITION: A small, beautiful sandstone monument in Angkor, Cambodia, built in 967. Episodic relief (relief panels illustrating various aspects of the royal mythology) sculpture first appears on
Banteay Srei. The relief revolves around a series of Indian legends dealing with the cosmic mountain Meru as the source of all creation and with the divine origin of water. The chief artistic achievement of its sophisticated architecture is the way in which the spaces between the walls of the enclosures, the faces of the terraces, and the volumes of the shrine buildings are conceived and coordinated. It seems to have been influenced by the architecture of the Hindu Pallava dynasty in southeastern India.
citadel
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: acropolis
CATEGORY: structure
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: akropolis
CATEGORY: feature
DEFINITION: (Greek akros (high, top) and polis (city)) The highest part, or citadel, of an ancient Greek town. The palaces and temples were situated on the acropolis, which was the most strongly defended part of a city. The best-known example is the Acropolis of Athens, where a number of temples were erected in the fifth century
BC. They were also built upon hills in Italy and the colonies of Asia Minor.
Ai Khanum
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A Hellenistic city, occupied between 400-100
BC, at the confluence of the Oxus and Koktcha in Afghanistan. The city comprises a citadel, acropolis, and lower town with an administrative center. The administrative center was an imposing complex of a courtyard with a peristyle. Nearby is a funerary chapel known from an inscription as the Temenos of Kineas. Kineas may have been the city's founder, shortly after
Alexander the Great conquered the region in 329
BC. It may also have been Alexandria's Oxiana.
Arad
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A city in southern Israel west of the Dead Sea named for Biblical Arad and having ruins visible at Tel 'Arad, just a few miles northeast. First excavated in 1962, 'Arad has three separate phases of occupation. The first settlement was in the Chalcolithic period with a walled city at the beginning of the 3d millennium
BC, which was destroyed by c 2700
BC. Imported Egyptian pottery was found in that phase. A resettlement occurred in the Early Bronze I and II phases and a succession of walled citadels and a temple have been found as well as ostraca (inscribed pottery). The last period of occupation was confined to a citadel on the highest part of the earlier town and it was occupied from the 12th-11th centuries
BC. It served as a southern frontier post of the kingdom of Judah. There was a sanctuary for the worship of Yahweh. There were also citadels on this site in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The Book of Numbers (21:1-3) tells how the Canaanite king of 'Arad fought the Israelites during the exodus from Egypt, but his cities were utterly destroyed" by Israel's armies. The city's name appears on the Temple of Amon al-Karnak Egypt in the inscription of Pharaoh Sheshonk I first ruler of the 22nd Dynasty (reigned c 945-924
BC)."
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Argos (meaning agricultural plain)"
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: City in the northeastern Peloponnese of Greece, just north of the head of the Gulf of Argolis. The name was applied to several districts of ancient Greece but it is most often used to describe the easternmost part of the Peloponnesian peninsula and the city of Argos was its capital. Homer described it as the fertile plain inhabited by Agamemnon, Diomedes, and other heroes in the Iliad". The site was probably occupied since the Neolithic /
Early Bronze Age and was very prominent in Mycenaean times (c 1300-1200
BC). Argos was probably the base of Dorian operations in the Peloponnese c 1100-1000
BC and from then on the dominant
city-state of Argolis until it allied itself with Sparta after the Peloponnesian War in 420
BC. In 392 it broke with Sparta to unite with Corinth in the Corinthian War. Argos later joined the Achaean League (229) and Argos became its center after the Roman conquest and destruction of Corinth (146). The city flourished in Byzantine times and did not decline until around 1204 AD. One tyrant Pheidon is thought to have introduced primitive coinage and a weights and measures system. Archaeological excavations began in 1854 on the Argive Heraeum and Argos was famed for its connection with the goddess Hera. There was a natural sanctuary there long before the Dorians came c 1100-1000
BC. The shrine is reported to be of extreme antiquity. The statue of Hera for a new 5th-century temple was done by the celebrated sculptor Polycleitus whose work was said to rival that of Pheidias the sculptor of the Parthenon. There is material evidence of Neolithic Early and
Middle Bronze Age a Mycenaean cemetery with chamber tombs Geometric and Archaic features and ruins of the classical and Roman city. The Larisa hill was evidently the Mycenaean acropolis and citadel holding a classical temple. There was also a Roman theater and small odeum. The site is mostly covered by the modern city."
Ashurnasirpal II (fl. 8th century BC)
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Assurnasirpal II
CATEGORY: person
DEFINITION: King of Assyria 883-859
BC, who consolidated the conquests of his father, Tukulti-Ninurta II, and commanded the last period of Assyrian power before the establishment of the New Assyrian Empire. His military expeditions took him as far as the Mediterranean and, according to his own testimony, he was a brilliant general and administrator. He set the standards of military achievement and brutality which made the Assyrians feared throughout the Near and Middle East. The details of his reign are known almost entirely from his own inscriptions and the reliefs in the ruins of his palace at Calah (now Nimrud, Iraq). He refounded Calah as a military capital beside Assur and Nineveh. By 879
BC the main palace in the citadel, the temples of Ninurta and Enlil, shrines for other deities, and the city wall had been completed. Botanic gardens and a zoological garden were laid out, and water supplied by a canal from the Great Zab River. His son and successor, Shalmaneser III (858-824
BC) expanded the empire.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Athínai (modern Greek), Athenai (ancient Greek)
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Important classical Greek
city-state with evidence for continuous occupation from the Late Neolithic, but because of its continuous occupation and the resulting disturbance of the earlier levels, its history is told from the time of the Mycenaeans in the
Late Bronze Age. The citadel on the Acropolis was walled early in its history. It is the capital of Greece and generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization. Athens is best known for its temples and public buildings of antiquity. The Parthenon, a columned, rectangular temple built for the city's patron goddess, Athena, is considered to be the culmination of the
Doric order of classical Greek architecture. Also located on the Acropolis are the Erechtheum, originally the temple of both Athena and Poseidon, and the Propylaea, the entrance of which is through the wall of the Acropolis. At the foot of the Acropolis, to the south, are the theaters of Herodes and Dionysus, while to the northwest is the Agora, the ancient marketplace of the city. The Kerameikos cemetery documents the city's
Iron Age (c 11-8
BC), after which archaeology and history combine to tell of its brilliance through the classical period. It supposedly rivaled Knossos and later resisted successive waves of Dorian invaders. It is still not clear how far Athens, perhaps the base of the very early Ionian colonies, managed to ride out the 'dark age' that followed the collapse of Mycenaean civilization. There is evidence of a cultural and commercial renaissance in the 7th and 6th centuries
BC. A major component of this socioeconomic revolution was the borrowing of the Phoenician alphabet for the writing of Greek. Commercial success brought rapid economic growth and a population explosion. New ideas were imported and political upheaval led to experiments in government, such as democracy. Athens resisted Persian invaders and developed a prestige which allowed the establishment of the Delian League and the extension of her political power -- the Athenian empire. In the years 447-431
BC, under Pericles, vast sums were spent on public works, such as the new group of buildings on the Acropolis including the Parthenon. Pericles would not grant the Hellenes the freedom requested by Sparta, which led to the Peloponnesian War (431-404
BC) after which Athens was a dependent of Sparta. Escape from Spartan imperialism in the 4th century
BC was threatened by Philip of Macedon and
Alexander the Great. By the end of the century, Macedon dominated and Athens did not achieve independence until 228
BC. Rome then intruded in the 2nd and 1st centuries and Athens was sieged and plundered by Sulla. During the Imperial period, Athens was confined to a role as a cultural center and seat of learning for the rich -- which lasted into the 6th century AD, when the edict of Justinian in 529 closed down the schools of philosophy. By the Byzantine period, Athens had become a modest provincial town. Athens' ruins will be difficult to protect from the corrosive atmosphere and millions of visiting tourists.
Bastam
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A Urartian settlement in northwest Iran with a citadel of monumental buildings (palaces). Several Urartian texts and sealed bullae kept records of goods stored and traded. Urartian and post-Urartian pottery have been chronologically classified.
Boghazköy
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Boghaz Keui, ancient Hattusas, Bogazkoy, Boghaz Koy
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: The site of the Hittite capital of Hattusas, excavated by Hugo Winckler in the early 20th century and which yielded thousands of cuneiform tablets from which much of Hittite history was reconstructed. The capital is on a rock citadel near the Halys River in central Turkey and the site had been occupied since the Chalcolithic times. In c 1500
BC, it became the citadel of Hattusas. As the Hittites' power grew, so did their capital, all within a massive defensive wall of stone and mudbrick. Six gateways were decorated with impressive monumental carved reliefs, showing a warrior, lions, and sphinxes. Four temples have been excavated within the walls, each grouped around an open porticoed court. Two buildings housed the archives with over 10,000 inscribed clay tablets inscribed in cuneiform script and the Hittite language. A cemetery close to the city held large numbers of cremation burials, a surprisingly early occurrence of this rite. The city fell at the same time as the empire, c 1200
BC. Little is known of the Chalcolithic or Hittite
Old Kingdom phases on the site; excavation has in the main concentrated on the monuments of the
New Kingdom city.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Capitoline
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: The principal hill at Rome and the one which acted as its religious center. The hill was the fortress and asylum of Romulus's Rome. The northern peak was the site of the Temple of Juno Moneta and the citadel. The southern crest, sacred to Jupiter, became, in 509
BC, the site of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, the largest temple in central Italy. The Roman Senate held its first meeting every year because of the divine guidance" it received at the site."
Carcassonne
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A city in southwest France occupied as early as the 5th century
BC by the Iberians and then by Gallo-Romans. Its inner rampart was built in 485 AD. The site is one of the best-preserved examples of a medieval fortified town in Europe with an inner wall and citadel dating from 11th-13th centuries. The site was extensively restored in the 19th century and the church of Saint-Vincent and the cathedral of Saint-Michel, both 13th century, survive.
Carchemish
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Europus
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: An ancient
city-state near modern Jarabulus, Syria. The site was a strategic crossing at the Euphrates River for caravans in Syrian, Mesopotamian, and Anatolian trade. The great tell of Carchemish was excavated by David G. Hogarth and later by Sir Leonard Woolley and was first occupied in the Neolithic Period. Halaf ware from the Chalcolithic (5th millennium
BC) was found as well as later finds of Uruk-Jamdat Nasr pottery, a product of the southern Euphrates Valley in Sumerian cities of c 3000
BC. There were also tombs from the end of the Early Bronze (c 2300
BC) and the Middle and
Late Bronze Age (c 2300-1550; c 1550-1200
BC). Written records concerning Carchemish first appear in the Mari letters -- royal archives of Mari, c 18th century
BC. At that time the city was a center for trading wood and shipped Anatolian timber down the Euphrates. The large fortified citadel was important under the empire of the Hittites (14th century
BC) and remained so after the fall of the empire, during the period of Syro-Hittite city-states (12th-8th centuries
BC). The monumental city gates, temples, and palaces all bore considerable numbers of carved reliefs and inscriptions of the period. The Hittite hieroglyphic inscriptions were of great importance in helping to piece together its history down to its annexation by Assyria in 716
BC.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: (adj Carthaginian, Punic) Carthago; Kart-Hadasht
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A great city of antiquity founded, according to tradition, on the north coast of Africa by the Phoenicians of Tyre in 814
BC and now a suburb of Tunis. However, Phoenician occupation on the site is archaeologically attested from about a century later. The Aeneid tells of the city's founding by the Tyrian princess Dido, who fled from her brother Pygmalion (a king of Tyre). Until around 500
BC Carthage was one of three great mercantile powers in the central Mediterranean, together with the Etruscans and Western Greeks. Much of Carthage's revenue came from its exploitation of the silver mines of North Africa and southern Spain, begun as early as 800
BC, and from its role as a middleman in trade. Carthage was for many years in conflict with the Greeks, especially in Sicily. Carthage lost both Sicily and Sardinia to Rome in 241
BC at the close of the First Punic War. From an enlarged domain in southern Spain, the Carthaginian general Hannibal in 218
BC led his army across the Alps to victories in Italy. When Hannibal returned to Africa, he was defeated at Zama in 202
BC. Though humiliated, Carthage survived until it was destroyed by Rome in 146
BC, after having fought the three Punic Wars of the 3rd and 2nd centuries. Carthage was then reconstructed as a Roman city by Julius Caesar and Octavian. The Roman city prospered by shipping grain and olive oil to Italy. Carthage replaced Utica as the capital of the African province and it became the second largest city in the western part of the empire, after Rome itself. The Phoenician/Punic remains include the citadel, Byrsa, the Sanctuary of Tanit, and two manmade harbors (all pre-146
BC); the Roman remains are the Antonine Baths, odeum, theater, circus, amphitheater, aqueduct, and areas of streets and houses. Also on the Byrsa site stood an open-air portico, from which the finest Roman sculptures at Carthage have survived. The standard of living in Carthage was probably far below that of the larger cities of the classical world. In Roman times, beds, cushions, and mattresses were luxuries. The Punic language and its distinctive alphabet remained in use long after the city's destruction. After the breakup of the Roman empire, the Vandals took Carthage in 439 and stayed in control until the Byzantine invasion in 533. Carthage was the capital of the
Byzantine empire in Africa until the Arab takeover of 698.
castro
DEFINITION: Portuguese term for a fortified site, ranging from the small walled citadels of the
Copper Age (e.g.
Vila Nova de Sao Pedro) to the hillfort settlements of the Celtic
Iron Age.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Chanchan
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: An ancient pre-Inca city on the northern coast of Peru, the capital of the Chimú kingdom c 1200-1400 AD. The ruins cover nearly 14 square miles (36 square km) and are in good condition because there is no rain. The buildings were made of adobe brick and there are 10 walled citadels (quadrangles) each containing pyramidal temples, cemeteries, gardens, symmetrical rooms, and reservoirs. These quadrangles probably the living quarters, burial places, and warehouses of the aristocracy. Most of the city's population (40,000-200,000 total) lived outside of the quadrangles in modest quarters. The Chimú kingdom was the chief state in Peru before the establishment of the Inca empire and its economy was agricultural. The
Chimús made produced fine textiles and gold, silver, and copper objects. Between 1465-1470, the Chimú came under Inca rule. It was one of the largest Pre-Columbian cities in Peru.
city-state
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: polis
CATEGORY: term
DEFINITION: A political system consisting of an independent city having sovereignty over contiguous territory and serving as the center of political, economic, and cultural life. The term originated in England in the late 19th century and has been applied especially to the cities of ancient Greece, Phoenicia, and Italy and to the cities of medieval Italy. Its ancient name, polis, was derived from the citadel (acropolis) that was its administrative center. City-states differed from tribal or national systems in size, patriotism, and desire for independence. The origin of city-states probably occurred between 1000-800
BC in Greece, the Aegean islands, and western Asia Minor. As they grew, their people went out and created city-states on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, mainly between 750-550
BC. A city-state had its own government and was not subject to any outside authority.
ciudadela
CATEGORY: structure
DEFINITION: Large rectangular enclosures (literally, 'citadels') found in Mesoamerica and thought to have been the dwellings of the ruling classes and their retainers. The enclosures, surrounded by tapering adobe walls, contained courts, storerooms, administrative structures, and platform burials. Some may have been the palaces of the Chimu kings; the number of recognizable ciudadelas agrees with the number (10) of known Chimú rulers. Ciudadelas have been found in the ancient Andean city of
Chan Chan and it has even been suggested that they were the palaces of successive rulers, maintained by their descendants in the way that those of deceased Inca were maintained in Cuzco.
Co-loa
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Co Loa
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A place believed to have been the capital of Vietnam's legendary
Au Lac dynasty, c 258-207
BC. It is about 20 km northwest of Hanoi and there are three walls which surrounded the city in a spiral. In AD 939 the kingdom of Nam Viet centered in the Red River valley at Co Loa. Ngo Quyen drove the Chinese out of the area and founded his own dynasty, which endured only until 954. Historical sites include the Co Loa citadel.
Cosa
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: modern Ansedonia
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A town on west coast of Italy, north of Rome, that was a Latin colony founded in 273
BC. There is well-preserved massive polygonal masonry surviving in the city walls, the forum, basilica, citadel, capitol, baths, and temples -- as well as remains of the grid street plan. The site was abandoned in 1st century
BC.
Dálriada
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A kingdom founded by Fergus and his brothers when they led the Scots from Ireland to the northeast coast of Scotland in the 5th century AD, roughly the modern county of Argyll (Argyllshire). It was ruled from the rock fortress of Dunadd, a nucleated fortified citadel dating to around 500. It consists of a dry-stone central stronghold with two outer walled enclosures. In about 843, Kenneth MacAlpin extended his rule over the Picts to lay the foundations of the kingdom of Scotland.
Dálriada was important for its Celtic church under St. Columba and for the island of Iona which was a base for the conversion of northern Britain to Christianity. The Dariada introduced the Picts to their version of the Ogham script as well as the Scottish/Gaelic language.
Dendra
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Dhendra
CATEGORY: site
Bronze Age cemetery in Greece with a Middle Helladic tumulus, Mycenaean tholos tomb (15th-14th centuries
BC), and rich chamber tombs. The associated settlement may be the Mycenaean citadel of Midea.
Dunadd
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A site in Argyllshire, Scotland, which was a fort of the Kingdom of Dalriada, taken by the Picts in 683 and 736 AD. A main citadel connected to a middle courtyard by a stone wall has been located. The most important finds from Dunadd are several carved stones and imported Mediterranean pottery.
Ghazni
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Ghazna
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A major pre-Islamic site and Afghanistan's only remaining walled town, dominated by a 150-foot citadel built in the 13th century. The ruins of ancient Ghazna include two 140-foot towers and the tomb of Mahmud of Ghazna (971-1030), the most powerful emir (sultan) of the Ghaznavid dynasty. Ghazni's early history is obscure; it has probably existed at least since the 7th century. Early in the 11th century, under Mahmud of Ghazna, the town became the capital of the vast empire of the Ghaznavids, Afghanistan's first Muslim dynasty. Excavation has revealed part of the palace of Musud III, which contemporary writers described as filed with booty from India. The central courtyard contains a magnificently carved inscription, in Persian rather than the customary Arabic --one of the oldest examples of Persian epigraphy.
Gla
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A Mycenaean site in Boeotia, Greece, which was fortified in the 13th century
BC and had a Mycenaean palace. Formerly the site of Lake Copais, other structures include granaries. The citadel was burnt and abandoned late in the 13th century
BC.
Granada
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Kingdom and city important from the 13th century in Spain. Although its origins go back to the early years of the Moorish occupation in the 8th century, Granada rose to importance after the mid-13th century when it became the capital of a new state founded by Muhammad I (1232-1273). The kingdom comprised, principally, the area of the modern provinces of Granada, Málaga, and Almería. The city was dominated by the fortified citadel and Alcazaba, Medinat-al-Hamra, now known as the Alhambra. The Alhambra was defended by a massive towered enceinte enclosing a series of magnificent palaces linked by courtyards and gardens, much of which still remains. Apart from the Alhambra, Granada also preserves many examples of Islamic architecture in the older quarters of the city. Granada was the site of an Iberian settlement, Elibyrge, in the 5th century
BC and of the Roman Illiberis. As the seat of the Moorish kingdom of Granada, it was the final stronghold of the Moors in Spain, falling to the Roman Catholic monarchs Ferdinand II and Isabella I in 1492.
Haftavan Tepe
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Haft Tepe
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A tell site in northwest Iran occupied off and on from the
Early Bronze Age to the Sassanian period. The earliest occupation is dated to the 6th millennium
BC, but its most important material comes from the Elamite period of the 15th-13th centuries
BC. A royal tomb of c 1500
BC containing 21 skeletons, some covered in red ochre, is an early example of a vaulted tomb. This tomb was connected by a stairway to the main temple which contained many simple burials, some in urns. Fragments of inscribed stelae in cuneiform in the 14th-century
BC Elamite language have provided details of the temple economy. In the 8th century
BC, the mound became an Urartian citadel with an attached lower town. It was destroyed either by Sargon II in 714
BC or by the Cimmerians. The site was reoccupied in the Sassanian period: a town wall and numerous graves of this period are known.
Hasanlu
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A tell site on Lake Urmia, northwest Iran, with a sequence beginning in the late 7th millennium
BC. Much information has been gained on the early Ceramic Neolithic phase of the late-7th to mid-6th millennia
BC. The citadel dates from the 10th century
BC and is surrounded by a lower town. Four buildings on the citadel, facing onto a court and linked to a higher court with further buildings, have been interpreted as a palace complex. In c 800
BC, Hasanlu was destroyed. One of the skeletons held a magnificent gold bowl decorated with mythical scenes in relief. The bowl is related artistically to the finds from Marlik and Ziwiyeh. Other rich finds of gold, silver, electrum, glass, and ivory have been made at Hasanlu.
Hazor
DEFINITION: A large Palestinian tell site in northern Israel, occupied from the
Early Bronze Age till the
Hellenistic period. In the
Middle Bronze Age, c 1700
BC, it was a large town with a citadel and surrounded by a rampart with sloping plaster ramp, of the type associated with the Hyksos. In c 1220
BC, the Canaanites were driven from the city by the Israelites, reputedly under Joshua. In the 10th century
BC, the city was rebuilt by Solomon, who constructed a monumental gateway. This city was destroyed by the Assyrians c 734 (or 732)
BC; however, the citadel continued to be used into the
Hellenistic period.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Kalakh; biblical Calah; modern Nimrud
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: The site of the Black Obelisk, Assyrian monument of King Shalmaneser III (reigned 859-824
BC). It is the most complete Assyrian obelisk yet discovered, decorated with cuneiform inscriptions and reliefs recording military campaigns and other triumphs, including payment of tribute by King Jehu of Israel (reigned 842-815). The 6-foot (1.8-meter) black basalt piece was discovered in 1845 at ancient Kalhu, south of Mosul, Iraq, by Austen Henry Layard and is now in the British Museum. Kalhu was an imperial Assyrian city on the River Tigris with a citadel (Nimrud) and arsenal at Fort Shalmaneser.
Middle Assyrian texts found there established the existence of the town in the later 2nd millennium
BC. It was made the imperial seat by Assurnasirpal II (883-859
BC). Sargon II (721-705
BC) moved the imperial seat to Khorsabad and after that, Kalhu was a provincial capital. Occupation continued until the
Hellenistic period.
Kalibangan
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A site in India near the extinct Ghaggar/Hakra River with Early and Mature Harappan settlements. A Chalcolithic settlement similar to
Kot Diji and the site underlying the Indus city at Harappa has given radiocarbon dates of c 2750
BC. An intact plowed field has been discovered, indicating that the plow was already in use before the main Harappan period. About 2450 a small town of the
Indus civilization was built over it, which flourished to c 2150
BC. In the Mature Harappan period, the site consisted of a citadel and a lower town, both defended, and laid out, in the normal Indus Valley grid pattern.
Karmir-blur
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Urartian city near modern Erevan, Armenia, with a citadel and walled residential area, mainly occupied in the 7th century
BC. There were pre-Urartian graves and Hellenistic occupation. It may have replaced Erebuni as the Urartian seat in the 8th century.
Khorsabad
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: ancient Dur-Sharrukin, Fort of Sargon
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: The site of the ancient city of Dur-Sharrukin, near Mosul, Iraq. It was a short-lived capital of Assyria. Founded by
Neo-Assyrian king Sargon II in 717
BC, it included a magnificent palace within a city, but it did not survive its founder's death in 705
BC. It was built by Sargon to replace Nimrud. However, after Sargon's death, his son Sennacherib moved the capital to Nineveh. It has yielded a rich collection of sculptured slabs and cuneiform inscriptions now in the Louvre in Paris, though much was lost in the Euphrates while being transported to France. The most impressive remains lie on the citadel --several temples, a ziggurat, and a royal palace.
Kremlin
CATEGORY: structure; site
DEFINITION: The fortified citadel of medieval Russia. The term also applies to those in medieval Slavic towns. The most famous and best-preserved is the one in Moscow, which is a rare stone-built example. Within it lie a variety of palaces, churches and state buildings in a range of styles spanning the 14th-18th centuries. Archaeological work has revealed that in 1156 Prince Dolgoruky built the first fortifications -- ditches and earthen ramparts topped by a wooden wall with blockhouses. The origin of the word kremlin is disputed; some authorities suggest Greek words for citadel" or "steepness others the early Russian word krem, meaning a conifer providing timber suitable for building. The fortified enclosure of the Kremlin, the symbol of first Russian and later Soviet power and authority. Its crenellated red brick walls and 20 towers were built at the end of the 15th century, by Italian builders hired by Ivan III the Great.
Larisa
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Larissa
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Mousterian site in northern Greece and a
Final Neolithic culture with a black polished pottery. In antiquity, Larissa was the seat of the Aleuad clan, founded by Aleuas, who claimed descent from Heracles. The poet Pindar and the physician Hippocrates died there. In 357
BC the last Aleuads called in Philip II of Macedonia against the tyrants of Pherae, and from 344 to 196 Larissa remained under Macedonia. Rome then made it capital of the reorganized Thessalian League. The emperor Justinian fortified the city, whose name means citadel"."
Lothal
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A Harrapan town, one of the most important of the southern Indus Civilization sites, at the head of the Gulf of Cambay, northwestern India. Besides typical Indus structures like a walled citadel, granary, drainage system, and a grid street plan, it had a dock faced with baked brick. There were residential and craftworking (shell, bone, bead, copper, gold) areas. The site was important for its sea trade, as shown by the discovery of a Dilmun seal from the Persian Gulf. There were also contacts with the Chalcolithic cultures of the Deccan peninsula and the practice of rice cultivation which had been introduced from further east. There was much local non-Harappan pottery in the Mature Harappan levels. Radiocarbon dates place it in the later 3rd millennium
BC (c 2400-2100
Machu Picchu
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: An Inca site northwest of Cuzco, Peru, discovered in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, ingeniously situated on a hillcrest in the Andes overlooking a drop of 1,500 feet on either side. This ancient fortress city contains some fine, well-preserved stone buildings and is located in a mountain saddle between two peaks at a height of 7710 ft (2350 m), 2000 ft above the Urubamba River. The shrines and buildings are numerous and of unusual design, requiring much engineering skill and fine stone masonry. Many structures are arranged around courts in enclosures and with patios on terraces; the majority are single or back-to-back one-roomed buildings with niches symmetrically arranged on inside walls. Walls are inclined and doors, niches, and windows are trapezoidal in form. There are 16 finely carved fountains beside the main thoroughfare. The temple and citadel were once surrounded by terraced gardens connected by more than 3000 steps. One of the most striking buildings was the astronomical observatory.
Machu Picchu was a walled fortified city with a steep stone stairway to its single entrance and was approached via a stone roadway connected to Cuzco. Excavations revealed an unusual number of female skeletons buried in caves on the steep rocky slopes, suggesting that the site may have been the refuge of the Chosen Women (Virgins of the Sun). A pre-Incan presence is suspected from a number of green schist 'record stones' found in the oldest part of the site. The Incas thrived from c 1400-1540 AD.
Miletus
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Greek settlement at the mouth of the Meander valley in Turkey (western Anatolia), inhabited from the 2nd millennium
BC. By the beginning of the 1st millennium
BC, it was an Ionian Greek city, colonizing Black Sea and Egyptian Delta areas in the 7th and 6th centuries
BC. Miletus played an important role in the founding of the Greek colony of Naukratis in Egypt and founded more than 60 colonies on the shores of the Black Sea, including Abydos, Cyzicus, Sinope, Olbia, and Panticapaeum. Before 500
BC, Miletus was the greatest Greek city in the east. Miletus produced the classical historian Hecateus and the town planner Hippodamus. It was destroyed by the Persians in 494
BC and the new layout reflected
Hippodamian planning. The city came under Athenian, Persian, Greek and (in 129
BC) Roman control. Impressive ruins survive nearby of the re-built Hellenistic Greek oracular temple of Apollo and a Roman theater. The harbor mouth was guarded by statues of lions. Subsequently, the harbor silted up and Miletus declined, but occupation continued into the early Byzantine period. In 263 AD, it survived an attack by the Goths and was refurbished by the emperor Diocletian. New Byzantine churches and monumental buildings were eventually erected within its boundaries. In the 10th century, the citadel was destroyed by an earthquake but was again rebuilt over the ancient ruins. The ruins occupy the former peninsula extending northward from the hill of Kalabak Tepe. Only one temple, from the 6th century
BC, survives in part on Kalabak Tepe. To the south there are extensive remains of the classical city from the 5th century
BC to Roman imperial times. The Hellenistic council house has some of the earliest known examples of true pilasters.
Mohenjo-daro
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Mohenjo-Daro
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: One of the two capitals of the
Indus civilization, the best known of the Mature Harappan cities, located in the Sind region on the right bank of the Indus in Pakistan. Radiocarbon dates and corroboration with Mesopotamian data date the capital to about 3000-1700
BC. The city, covering approximately 2.5 square km, was laid out on a grid plan, the oldest recorded. The larger blocks, separated by broad streets with elaborate drains, were subdivided. It was the largest of all the Indus Valley sites, and like other Indus Valley settlements,
Mohenjo-Daro consists of two parts: a lower town in the east, overlooked by a high artificial mound or citadel on the west side. Traces of mud and baked brick defenses have been found. Within these an assembly hall, 'college', great bath, and granary were excavated. Numerous craft installations were in the lower town, for pottery, beadmaking, shell working, dyeing, and metalworking. Artifacts provide the basic definition of the Mature Harappan
material culture for pottery styles, seals, weights, bead forms, metal forms, figurines, etc. There are many flood deposits, which many times overwhelmed the city.
Mohenjo-daro was abandoned c 1700/1600
BC, apparently after a massacre, as in the latest layers groups of skeletons were found lying in houses and in the streets. The other capital, Harappa, was 400 miles away.
Monteoru
DEFINITION: A fortified hilltop near Bucharest which is the
type site of a Middle to
Late Bronze Age culture, c 2000-1600
BC, covering much of eastern Romania. This culture of the Sub-Carpathian zone was of local origin, but absorbed influences from both the south (notably faience in trade) and the steppes. It had a rich, varied collection of pot and metal forms. The site had a citadel with a long occupation and four large grave groupings in an adjoining cemetery. The citadel was fortified by box-like ramparts and stone walls, with house platforms in the interior. The burial rite is predominantly contracted inhumation, with pottery, bronze jewelry, and stone or faience beads as
grave goods.
Mundigak
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Tell site near Kandahar in Afghanistan with an important cultural sequence from the 5th-2nd millennia
BC. By the later 3rd millennium
BC, it was a major urban center with a large colonnaded 'palace' and other monumental structures within a walled citadel. Pottery and other artifacts of that time indicate interaction with Turkmenistan, Baluchistan, and the Early Harappan Indus region. It was closed related to the city of Shahr-I Sikhta, also on the Helmand River but in Iran. It is likely that the wealth of Mundigak, as of Shahr-I Sokhta, was based largely on trade in
lapis lazuli and perhaps also copper. The Chalcolithic levels contained mudbrick and black-on-buff painted pottery and had a radiocarbon date of 3400 +/- 300
BC.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Mycenaean
CATEGORY: culture
DEFINITION: Inhabitants of Mycenae, the civilization of
late Bronze Age Greece, set in the Argolid. Their name for themselves was Achaeans, and their achievements were remembered in the legends of the classical Greeks. Their forebears probably arrived in Greece around 2000
BC, bringing Minyan ware and an
Indo-European language with them. Mycenaean civilization arose in the 16th century
BC by the sudden influx of many features of
material culture from the Minoans. Later traditions speak of the arrival of new rulers from the east. By c 1450
BC, the Mycenaeans were powerful enough to take over both Knossos and the profitable trade across the east Mediterranean, especially in Cypriote copper. Trade was extended also to the central Mediterranean and continental Europe, where Baltic amber was one of the commodities sought. The peak of their power lasted only a century and a half until natural and unnatural disaster struck. The
Trojan War at the end of the 13th century points to unrest east of the Aegean. There is evidence of increasing depopulation of southern Greece about the same time, paving the way for invasion by the Dorians. At home, the Mycenaeans dwelt in strongly walled citadels containing palaces of the megaron type, exemplified at Mycenae, Tiryns, Thebes, and Pylos. To these were added the more Minoan features -- frescoes, painted pottery, skillfully carved seals, artistic metalwork, clay tablets, etc. Their writing,
Linear B, was an adaptation of the Minoan script, presumably first made by the mainlanders who had occupied Knossos, for the writing of their own, Greek, language. (
Linear B was deciphered by
Michael Ventris.) The Mycenaeans contributed greatly to the economy and technology of
Late Bronze Age Europe, and to the population of the east Mediterranean coasts after the Egyptian defeat of the
Peoples of the Sea, and they also left a legacy in their language and literature to their descendants in Greece. The civilization collapsed in c 1200
BC.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: ancient Kalhu, biblical Calah
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Assyrian capital of Kalhu (Calah), founded in 883
BC by
BC) over the ruins of an earlier city built by Shalmaneser I (1274-1245
BC) in 13th century
BC. It is located by Tigris River, south of modern Mosul (Iraq) in Mesopotamia. It was the third capital city, with Assur and Nineveh, of Assyria. The statues and inscriptions found by
Sir Austen Henry Layard was one of the first archaeological discoveries to stir the public imagination. Its wall was some 8 km in circuit, enclosing at one corner a citadel which contained a ziggurat, temples, and palaces. The palaces have yielded the richest finds, enormous stone winged bulls, reliefs, and exquisite carved ivories which once adorned the royal furniture. Another rich collection of ivories was found in the arsenal of Shalmaneser III in the outer town. Some of the ivories show traces of the fire which accompanied the overthrow of the city by the Medes in 612
BC. Unlike many of the cities of Mesopotamia, Nimrud was not a long-lived site occupied from the prehistoric period. Its heyday continued until c 710
BC when the capital was transferred first to Khorsabad and subsequently to Nineveh. Many of the sculptures were brought back to England by Layard and are now in the British Museum.
Nineveh
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: modern Kuyunjik
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Large walled city, a capital of the Assyrians from the end of the 8th century
BC, located across the Tigris River from Mosul, Iraq. The site was occupied from the earliest times, with pottery from the Hassuna phase on. The site today consists of two main mounds, Kuyunjik (the citadel) and Nebi Yunus (the arsenal). It was occupied from the 6th millennium
BC (a test pit beneath the Temple of Ishtar, the goddess of love, produced material of Hassuna type at the bottom) until it was destroyed by the Medes late in the 7th century
BC. Ninevite ware (or Ninevite V) represents the comparatively backward culture of the north, contemporary with the Early Dynastic of Sumer. Little of importance is recorded of the site until it became a joint capital of Assyria, with Assur and Nimrud, in the early 1st millennium. Sennacherib was responsible for making it a capital and his great palace has splendid carved reliefs. To this period belong the site's other spectacular monuments, the palaces with their elaborate architecture, carved reliefs, and cuneiform inscriptions. The most important finds were probably the two libraries of clay tablets found in the palaces of Sennacherib (704-681
BC) and Assurbanipal (668-627
BC). It was destroyed by Medes in 612
BC. A lifesize bronze head of an Akkadian king, possibly Sargon (founder of the Akkadian empire), dated to the later 3rd millennium
BC, was found there.
Opole
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A series of centralized territories and the name of a city and province in southwestern Poland. Opole the city began as the home of the Slavic Opolanie tribe; the earliest mention of it was in the 9th century. In 1202 it became the capital of the Opole principality, which included the entire Upper Silesia region. The town passed to Bohemia (1327), the Habsburgs (16th century), and Prussia (1742) and was returned to Poland in 1945. Each Opoles' as a territory was dominated by a fortified timber citadel which often had large and complex defenses; examples are at Leczyic and Szeligi.
Ostrów Lednicki
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: An island in Lake Lednika, Poland, with an important medieval site. The earliest 9th-century settlement was fortified with a rampart in the early 10th century. At the end of the 10th century, a grandiose citadel, one of the official residences of the Polish rulers, was built. The official secular and religious buildings inside the stronghold consisted of a stone-built palace with an inner courtyard. The wooden dwellings and workshops were concentrated outside.
Otakanini
DEFINITION: A Maori
pa (hillfort) on a small island in Kaipara Harbor, North Island,
New Zealand. The site has three defensive phases from the 14th-18th centuries AD, and after 1500 its inner citadel was defended by palisades and large raised fighting platforms. Cultural affiliations are Classic Maori.
Otomani
CATEGORY: culture
DEFINITION: An
Early Bronze Age culture of eastern Hungary, northwestern Romania, and eastern Slovakia, dating to the period 2000-1600
BC, and shows connections with Unetice. It is the equivalent of the Hungarian
Füzesabony group in the central Hungarian sequence. A high proportion of Otomani settlements are artificially or naturally fortified (Barca, Spissky Stvrtok), often by the use of water, and tells are frequent. The
type site, near Marghita, is a citadel overlooking the eastern edge of the Hungarian plain. Black burnished ware with bossed decoration on one-handled cups is the most frequent pottery type. The ceramics feature large, pointed bosses. Bronze artifacts are elaborately ornamented.
Piotrovsky, Boris B. (1908-?)
CATEGORY: person
DEFINITION: Russian archaeologist who excavated Urartu (Armenia), the citadel of Karmir-Blur (ancient Teishebaini). He wrote on the Scythians in Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Urartu" (1967) offers a popular survey of the kingdom's art while his "The Ancient Civilization of Urartu" (1969) is an illustrated political and cultural history."
polis
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: plural poleis
CATEGORY: term
DEFINITION: An ancient Greek
city-state -- a state incorporating a city, smaller towns and villages. The polis centered on one town, but included the surrounding countryside. The town contained a citadel on raised ground (acropolis) and a marketplace (agora). The
city-state in Greece probably originated from the natural divisions of the country by mountains and the sea and from the original local tribal (ethnic) and cult divisions. There were several hundred poleis.
Sardis
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Sardes
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: City in western Anatolia (near Izmir, Turkey), associated with Croesus and the Lydians, the capital city of Lydia. The Lydian city, of the 7th-6th centuries
BC, had an acropolis and walled lower settlement. From about 560-546
BC, Sardis was ruled by Croesus, who was renowned for his great wealth and was the last king of Lydia. Taken by the Persians (c 546
BC), Sardis fell in turn to the Athenians, the Seleucids, and the Attalids until bequeathed to the Romans in 133
BC. Among the ruins are the Palace of Croesus, Temple of Artemis, gold works, and grave mounds of the royal cemetery. It was first occupied in the
Early Bronze Age and became the first city where gold and silver coins were minted. Leveled by an earthquake in 17 AD, the city was rebuilt and remained one of the great cities of Anatolia until the later Byzantine period. The Mongol Timur (Tamerlane) then destroyed it in 1402. Its ruins include the ancient Lydian citadel and about 1,000 Lydian graves. Excavations of Sardis have uncovered more remains of the Hellenistic and Byzantine city than of the Lydian town described by the Greek historian Herodotus.
Sarmizegethusa
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Gradistea Muncelului; Varhély
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Late Iron Age town of eastern Rumania, seat of the Dacian state founded by Burebistas in the 1st century
BC. A hilltop citadel is next to a sanctuary area with several shrines and temples. Bronze and iron products and pottery were made in an industrial area. In 101, Trajan led an invasion of Dacia (First Dacian War). The capital of Sarmizegethusa was captured, and Decebalus was forced in 102 to accept Roman occupation garrisons. In 105, Decebalus defeated the occupation forces and invaded Moesia (Second Dacian War). But, after Trajan seized Sarmizegethusa a second time (106), the defeated king committed suicide, and in 107 Dacia became a Roman province.
Sinjerli
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Zincirli Höyük, Zincirli, Zenjirli, Senjirli, Zinjerli; ancient Sam'al
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Site in the foothills of the Anti-Taurus Mountains, south-central Turkey, of a Late Hittite
city-state after the downfall of the Hittite empire (c 1190
BC). It had grown slowly to importance under the Hittites, flourishing after their downfall as the independent state of Sam'al until annexed by the Assyrians in the 7th century
BC and then abandoned. Its fortified citadel contained two palaces, each including the architectural unit known as a bit hilani (pillared porch"). Immediately surrounding the citadel was the city itself enclosed by a circular fortification wall topped by 100 towers. The palaces and gateways were freely decorated with the reliefs and hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Syro-Hittites. The identity with ancient Samal was confirmed by the discovery of a victory inscription of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon from 670
BC."
Staré Mesto
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Settlement site (Old Town") in the March Valley of Poland on the right bank of the Vltava dating from the 12th century. A fortified citadel with a stone-and-mortar church and rich graves have been excavated. It was a great industrial center specializing in gold work."
Susa
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Susiana, Shushan, Seleucia
CATEGORY: site; culture
DEFINITION: Major city of western Asia, in Khuzistan, Iran, with its first four phases paralleling those of Mesopotamia (Ubaid, Uruk,
Jemdet Nasr, and Early Dynastic). It was the capital of Elam in Akkadian times (3rd, 2nd, 1st millennium
BC) and again in the first as a capital of the Achaemenid empire. Susa controlled important east-west trade routes and was the end of the Achaemenid Royal Road from Lydian Sardis. Darius built the citadel c 500
BC. The tell is made up of four separate mounds: 1) the acropolis, which has produced most of the prehistoric material from the site; 2) the Royal City which has important Elamite remains of the 2nd millennium
BC; 3) the Apadana, with a large, impressive Achaemenid palace; and 4) the Artisans' Town, of the Achaemenid period and later. It continued under the name of Seleucia after being captured by
Alexander the Great in 331
BC; it later passed to the Parthians and Sassanians. Susa's characteristic fine ceramic ware had geometric motifs painted in dark colors onto a light background. Among the more important finds of Susa are the victory stela of Naram-Sin (Akkadian period), many Kassite kudurru, and the law code of Hammurabi (
Old Babylonian period), which had been brought to Susa from Babylon after an Elamite raid. Susa was traditionally associated with Anshan (Tepe Malyan) in Fars.
Sutkagen Dor
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: The westernmost site of the Indus (Harappan) civilization near the shore of the Arabian Sea, west of Karachi, probably a port or trading post supporting the sea trade with the Persian Gulf. It was defended by a massive semi-
dressed stone wall and was divided into a citadel and a lower town; the lower town shows connections with the local Kulli culture.
Tiryns
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: A fortified citadel of the Mycenaeans in the Argolid, Greece, an important
Bronze Age center. The palace of its rulers, a megaron opening onto a porticoed court, was decorated with frescoes after the style of the Minoans. They include one of the best surviving representations of the bull-leaping rite and the fresco of a court lady carrying an ornamental casket. The walls of cyclopean masonry contain corbelled galleries, whose construction was attributed by the ancients to the Cyclopes from Lycia. The settlement was occupied from the
Early Bronze Age, but the palace and the massive defensive wall were constructed c1400
BC. Excavation also revealed an Early Helladic structure. Tiryns was destroyed c1200
BC, like other Mycenaean sites.
Urartu
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Urartian
CATEGORY: site; culture; language
DEFINITION: A kingdom of the 1st millennium
BC in the mountains north of Assyria (northwest Iran, northeast Anatolia, Armenia, in the mountainous region southeast of the Black Sea and southwest of the Caspian Sea) which was the last important Hurrian-speaking state. Its people, relatives of the Hurri, established themselves around Lake Van during the 2nd millennium
BC. Mentioned in Assyrian sources from the early 13th century
BC, Urartu enjoyed considerable political power in the 9th-8th centuries
BC. The citadel of their capital at Van could be entered only by a rock-cut passage, upon which are cuneiform inscriptions which supplement the records of the Assyrians, with whom the Urartians were usually at war over access to raw materials, such as metal. A promontory nearby had a temple. Urartu is famous for its metalwork, particularly the great bronze cauldrons on tripod stands which were traded as far as Etruscan Italy, and for fine, red burnished ware. They adapted a cuneiform script to their own language, a late dialect of Hurrian, which has been deciphered. The language is mainly known from rock-face inscriptions dating from 8th century
BC in the eastern part of Asia Minor. Pressure from the Cimmerians, Phrygians, and Scythians led to disappearance of kingdom c 590
BC, and they were overcome by invading Armenians.
Warsaw
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Stare Bródno
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: City and now capital of Poland, which began as Stare Bródno, a small trading settlement of the 10th and early 11th centuries AD. That settlement's functions were taken over successively by Kamion (c 1065) and Jazdow (c 1262). About the end of the 13th century, Jazdow was moved to the north, to a village named Warszowa (Warsaw), and the community was strengthened by the protection of a castle. Medieval Warsaw grew up on the left bank of the River Vistula. Excavations around the royal castle located the earthworks of a
proto-urban 10th-century fortress with earth-and-timber ramparts and gateways. The area around the cathedral was the site of the citadel of the 10th-century town.
Yanik Tepe
DEFINITION: Tell site near Tabriz, Iran, with evidence of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic,
Early Bronze Age, and
Iron Age occupations. It is one of the earliest permanent settlement sites in the area, dating from the late-7th millennium
BC. The earliest pottery was undecorated, but painted wares appeared in the higher levels. The site was occupied until the beginning of the Islamic period. In the 3rd millennium
BC, it was a town surrounded by a stone wall and contained round houses and granaries built of mud-brick. The latest structure on the mound is massive, perhaps a citadel, built of mud-brick and probably of the Sassanian period. The
Early Bronze Age settlement consists of a long sequence of Kura-Araxes occupations and many materials of this
culture complex.
DEFINITION: Site in the Murghab delta of southern Turkmenia, the
type site of the
Iron Age Yaz complex. There is a citadel, extensive irrigation system, and pottery of three phases from mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium
BC.
Zambujal
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Village site with megalithic tombs and a Chalcolithic fortress near Lisbon, Portugal. It was a heavily fortified settlement of the Vila Nove De Sao Pedro culture; the walls are up to 10 m in thickness and have circular towers and a circular citadel. The pottery contains much Beaker material and local wares, c 2700-2200
BC.
SYNONYMS OR RELATED TERMS: Zenjirli, Senjirli, Zinjerli, Samal
CATEGORY: site
DEFINITION: Site in the foothills of the Anti-Taurus Mountains, southern Turkey, of Samal, one of the Late Hittite city-states that perpetuated a Semitized southern Anatolian culture for centuries after the downfall of the Hittite empire (c 1190
BC). It was annexed by the Assyrians in the 7th century
BC and then abandoned with the downfall of Assyria. The town was surrounded by a wall forming an exact circle and topped by 100 towers; inside there was a fortified citadel with two palaces of the bit hilani type. The palaces and gateways were decorated with relief carvings and inscriptions in the Syro-Hittite hieroglyphic script. The identity with ancient Samal was confirmed by the discovery of a victory inscription of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon from 670
BC.
| i don't know |
Which heroine of Greek mythology refused to marry any man who could not beat her in a foot race? | Women in Greek Myths - The Famous Chicks
*Andromeda*
Andromeda was the perfect mortal damsel in distress. She was the daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopia. Cassiopia pissed off the Nereids by saying that Andromeda was more beautiful than they. Poseidon sent a sea monster down that started devouring everything it could. To end the destruction, they decided to sacrifice Andromeda, and chained her to a rock for the monster to eat. Luckily, Perseus (young hero) swooped down to kill the monster and save the girl at just the right moment. He fell in love with her, of course, and wanted to marry her. But her parents were like, "heeeeeeeeck no." So he pulled out the head of Medusa and turned them to stone. Then they got married and had six sons and a daughter. When she died, Andromeda was hung in the sky as a constellation. That picture on the left is of her chained to the rock in a kinky kind of way. You should read the whole story.
*Antigone*
Antigone's story (or rather the short version) is told in the Myth Pages , but since that version isn't finished yet, I'll write a short version here as well. Antigone was the mortal daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta and the sister of Ismene . She was strong in every way imaginable. She openly defied her evil uncle King Creon to bury her brother, Polydices, saying that an immoral law should not be followed. Creon sentenced her to be buried alive. Antigone hung herself soon after she was locked into the cave, just before Haemon came to save her.
*Aphrodite*
Aphrodite was the Goddess of Love and Beauty. Oh, and the patron of prostitutes. The myth of her birth has a couple of versions. The most well known today has her springing from the blood of Uranus after Cronus castrated him, and floating on the sea to Greece, where she was met by the Three Graces (who will be discussed later). You know, the whole clamshell thing. She was married to Hephaestus, the Smith God, but she slept with Ares. Her "no work" policy may make her seem like a ditz, but this lady had power in plenty. Like all the best goddesses, there's a bunch of ways of understanding her. As I've gotten older, I've come to identify with her more than any other. Plus, she's got one of the most interesting "biographies" of any Greek deity I can think of. Want to read more?
*Ariadne*
Look it's another Dionysus chick! Ariadne was born the mortal daughter of King Minos and Queen Pasiphae of Crete. When Theseus came to slay the Minotaur, Ariadne helped him by giving him a magic ball of yarn. The two fell in love, but before they could make it back to Athens (from whence Theseus came) She was accidentally marooned on an island. Dionysus found her and the two were married (Ariadne and Dionysus). That picture on the left is of Araidne languishing alone on her island. If you haven't read Mary Renault's The King Must Die read it now. (Fiction, but GREAT fiction.)
*Artemis*
She's definitely my favorite goddess. Artemis was the Goddess of the Hunt. She had 50 hounds and 50 Dreiads (wood nymphs) and a quiver full of painless silver arrows. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto as well as being last of the three maiden goddesses (in addition to Hestia and Athena ). Artemis didn't carry the moon across the sky, but being a moon goddess was definitely part of her identity. Stunningly beautiful, she swore never to marry - this is not a coincidence! She was the Protector of Young Women as well as a midwife. She was incredibly cool for a lot of reasons, but my favorite is that her worship ranged from very dark (human sacrifice) to personal (virgins dedicated her their lingerie on the night they married) to just fun (women dressing up like a bear and dancing). Want to read more?
Atalanta
Atalanta has a FULL STORY to herself in the Myth Pages , because she is just that important. But to make a long story short: she was a damn cool mortal . Abandoned by a stupid sexist father, raised to be a huntress by a bear, swore never to marry, fights Calydonian Boar , ends up losing a race and marrying Hippomenes. Incredible role model, awesome story, unbelievable woman. That picture on the right is of Atalanta and Hippomenes in their race.
*Athena*
I could talk about Athena forever, but I'll attempt to be brief. Athena was the Patron Goddess of Athens, the Goddess of Wisdom, and the Goddess of Weaving. She was the Goddess of lots of other things, too, but I'm not gonna list 'em. She was a warrior - which is why she's so often shown with a spear and a shield with Medusa's head on it and armor) and another of the three virgin goddesses (in addition to Hestia and Artemis ). Her father was Zeus. Technically her mother was Metis (Goddess of Prudence), but it is generally accepted that she had no mother. Actually, it's an awesome story and I took the time to write it out here . Athena's got a leading role in a whole bunch of great myths, like the Odyssey for example. All in all, she's just fantastic. Want to read more?
Calypso
Daughter of the Titan Atlas, she lived on the island Ogygia. This was where Mr. Odysseus (of the Odyssey, yes, that's one you should know) was washed ashore. Calypso fell in love with this shipwrecked hunk o' burnin' love, and offered him eternal life to stay with her (which he refused, good for him - he had a wife, Penelope ). They were lovers, though against his will. After seven years, Athena complained for Odysseus to Zeus, and Hermes was sent to Calypso to order her to set him free. She did so reluctantly, helping him make a small boat to get free of the island. Oooh, and her name means Hidden or Hider. Very appropriate, no?
Charybdis
Charybdis was once a nymph, the daughter of Poseidon and Gaia . And she flooded lands for her father's underwater kingdom until Zeus turned her into a monster and had her suck in and out water three times an day. She lived in a cave on the Sicilian side of the Strait of Messina, opposite the monster Scylla , the two of them forming a dangerous threat to passing ships. She probably explained a whirlpool. Odysseus managed to avoid Charybdis in The Odyssey. This is great: Charybdis literally means "sucker down".
The Charites
The Charites (or the Graces) were three happy Goddesses of Beauty. They were named:
Aglaia, Splendor
Euphrosyne, Mirth
Thalia, Good Cheer
They were the first ones to welcome Aphrodite when she was blown to shore by the East Wind. The three of them rode in a chariot pulled by white geese. Their name in Greek would have been the Charites. They were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome (see below). Originally (as in pre-classical mythology), they were goddesses of fertility and nature and were much more closely associated with the underworld and the Eleusinian mysteries.
Chimaera
Oooh! How cool! According to Edith Hamilton, the Chimaera, killed by Bellerophon, was female. So she fits right in here. That picture on the right is one person's idea of what a Chimaera looked like - except probably a female lion. But anyway! It was one of Echidna's offspring, and was killed when Bellerophon (on his flying horse Pegasus) thrust a lead spear down one of her three throats. She breathed fire (cuz she was cool like that) and melted the spear. But the lead dripped into her belly and killed her. Chimaera means "She-Goat". The background of this page has Chimaeras on it.
Circe
Circe was an evil, or just cruelly quirky, sorceress. She was very powerful and turned all of Odysseus' men into swine (they barely escaped). She also had the power to purify and cleanse the Argonauts of the murder of Apsyrtus. Her name means "Falcon" and that seems pretty appropriate for her character. Circe was the daughter of Helios (the Sun) and Perse , and was the aunt of Medea . She was wayyyyy dangerous because she was so powerful and so bored. This picture on the left is a painting of Circe by John Waterhouse (who is my favorite painter).
Clytemnestra
Clytemnestra was the mortal daughter of Leda and Tyndareus, sister of Helen , Castor, and Polydeuces. She married Agamemnon, and had four children ( Chrysothemis , Electra , Iphigenia , and Orestes). She never forgave Agamemnon for sacrificing Iphigenia to free the Greek ships so they could go to the Trojan War, and while Agamemnon was gone, she plotted with her lover, Aegisthus, to kill Agamemnon. When Agamemnon returned, Clytemnestra killed him and Cassandra . Later in life, with Electra's encouragement, her son Orestes killed Clytemnestra to avenge Agamemnon's death.
Danae
Danae was the mortal daughter of Acrisius (king of Argos) who was locked in a bronze room. Her dad locked her there because an oracle said her son would kill Acrisius, and Acrisius wasn't too thrilled with the idea. But no lock stops Zeus, and so Perseus was born. When Acrisius heard, he threw the two into a casket and set them into the sea (so that if they died he couldn't be accused of murder, it would be Poseidon's fault). But they didn't die, and Danae went on to live happily ever after (eventually) and Perseus became a great hero. That picture on the right is of two men putting Danae, grasping her son all the while, into the casket that will soon be set on the sea. It is a John Waterhouse painting in black and white.
Daphne
She ran away from Apollo as fast as her legs would carry her, but to little avail. As Apollo closed on her she called out to her father, a river god, to help her. The old god did the only thing he knew how to do, and transformed her. Just as Apollo grabbed her, Daphne's skin turned to bark underneath his fingertips and she grew leaves and foliage. She was transformed into a laurel tree. Apollo, not one to give up so easily, stroked the tree for a while and then cut off some of her branches and wove them into a crown. I suppose he found this romantic. If I had been Daphne though, I think I would have found this practice quite painful. At any rate, he proclaimed the laurel as his sacred tree (despite the fact that she despised him). That is where it ends.
*Demeter*
Demeter was another daughter of Rhea and Cronus. She was the Goddess of the Harvest or the Goddess of the Fields. Centuries ago Greeks used to break bread in the name of Demeter as well as drink wine to Dionysus. Sound familiar? Demeter was the mother of Persephone and that was one mother-daughter team you shouldn't try to mess around with. When Hades did, Demeter threw the earth into an eternal winter and let nothing grow until someone helped her find her child. Together, Demeter and Persephone were central to the Eleusian Mysteries. (Check out Eleusis by Carl Kerenyi for more on that.)Later, ideas and myths about Demeter were co-opted into the Roman Ceres and maybe even the Magna Mater. Really, you should read more about her .
Draiads
The Draiads were the Nymphs of the Forest, or wood nymphs. Draiads were immortal, unlike other types, like the Hamadraiads , who lived in oak trees and would die when the tree they lived in died. They were the hunting companions of Artemis .
*Echo*
Echo is probably the most famous of all the nymphs. Her name and her voice live on to this day. She was the nymph who had a fling with Zeus and lost her voice when she tried to protect her lover from Hera's vengeance. Then she fell in love with Narcissus. If you are interested in the story, check out the long (and good) version in the Myth Pages .
The Erinnyes
The Erinnyes - in English, the Furies - were some seriously fearsome creatures. They were conceived when Uranus' spilled blood hit Gaia 's body, and were therefore older than any of the Olympian Gods. "These Erinnyes are crones with snakes for hair, dogs' heads, coal-black bodies, bats' wings, and bloodshot eyes. In their hands they carry brass-studded scourges and their victims die in torment." It isn't a great idea to mention their names in conversation, so instead you should call them the Eumenides, or the Kindly Ones. There are three:
Tisiphone, the Avenger
Megara, the Jealous
Alecto, the Unresting
Their purpose was to torment sinners, which they did on Earth as well is in Tartarus. The sight of one could cause insanity, and they often drove offenders to suicide. Originally they punished only offenders of patricide, matricide, or breakers of oaths, but after a while they punished any sins. They lived in Erebus (Darkness) but traveled the Earth constantly in search of transgressors.
Eurydice
Eurydice was the Dryad wife of the musician Orpheus. The couple was very much in love and very happy until this dude named Aristaeus fell in love with her too. She was running away from him and stepped on a viper and died. Orpheus wasn't too happy, so he went to the Underworld, and with his beautiful singing, got Persephone and Hades to let Eurydice come back with him. The only thing he had to do was not look back at her until they were out of the Underworld and into the sunshine again. But he couldn't do it and sneaked a peak. As he did he saw Eurydice slide back to world of shades led by Hermes. He tried again, but found he couldn't get back into the Underworld. This story is decent, but when I saw the Brazilian film, "Orpheo Negro" (Black Orpheus) it seriously tore me up. It was so beautiful. It was haunting. See it with English subtitles. Now.
The Fates
The Fates, also called the Moerae or the Parcae, determined when life begins, when it ends, and what happens in between. They were made up of three women:
Clotho, who appeared as a maiden and spun the thread of life. Her name meant The Spinner
Lachesis, who appeared as a matron and measured the thread of life. She was the Caster of lots
Atropos, who cut the thread of life, and appeared as a crone. Her name meant, Unbending Though the smallest of the three, she is the most terrible.
They were the daughters of Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx (or of Zeus and Themis ). Some say that Zeus could intervene in their decisions and that they could be manipulated, but in most myths they were eternal and more powerful than any of the Gods. Another story says they are the parthenogenic daughters of Ananke . In Delphi, they only worshipped Clotho and Atropos.
Gaea*
Gaea is Mother Earth. She is from whom everything comes, but she is not quite a divinity, because she is Earth. She bore the Titans as well as monsters like the hundred armed men, and some of the Cyclopes - others were sons of Poseidon. She was the daughter of Chaos. She was the first and the last, and wanted all of her children, no matter what. She was primarily spoken of as a Mother of other Gods, rather than having her own myths. Still, she's a major player in the myths of the sucession of the King of Kings. You should read more about her.
The Gorgons
There were three Gorgons, they were all sisters. Two of them were immortal, but Medusa wasn't. (She ended up getting her head chopped off and having an immortal flying horse jump out of her body). The three were the daughters of Phorcys (the Sea God) and Ceto (a daughter of Pontus and Gaia ).
Their names were:
Medusa, her name means Ruler
Stheno, her name means Forceful
Euryale, and her name means Far-Roaming
All three sisters were unbelievably beautiful and turned to stone anyone stupid enough to look at them. In their beauty, they were covered in golden scales with hissing and writhing snakes for hair. Their sisters, the Graiae guarded their home from beyond the sea. What awesome chicks! By the way, in Classical Mythology they are depicted as ugly. The reason for this is that Medusa slept with Poseidon in Athena 's temple and Athena was so outraged she cursed all three sisters to their hideousness. At right is a statue of one person's idea of Medusa.
The Graeae
The Graeae, or the three Gray Sisters, were beautiful. They were described as "fair-faced and swan-like" but they had gray hair from the day they were born and they shared one eye and one tooth, but they lost even that when Perseus stole their eye and later threw it in a lake. Despite being so easily taken advantage of, they were very wise. Their names were:
Deino or Dread (or Terrible)
Enyo or Horror (or War-like)
Pemphredo or Alarm (or Wasp)
They were probably goddesses worshipped by the swan cults (swans were not just a symbol of beauty, but also of cunning and other darker meanings).
The Harpies were birds with women's upper bodies. Following tradition, there were three of them, they were:
Aello or Aellopus, meaning Whirlwind or Storm foot
Ocypete, meaning Swift Wing
Thyella or Celaeno (though the last is sometimes excluded)
They were the daughters of the Nereid Electra and Thaumas, the son of Pontus and Gaia and they live in a cave in Crete. That made them sisters to Iris ! These three sisters were always ravenously hungry. They were often called the Dogs of Zeus (Hades?). The name Harpy means "Snatcher." They were the ones that threw an entire country (Ethiopia I believe, no seriously!) into famine! The Harpies were regarded as storm winds (in the Odyssey), but were the Goddess Athena in her vengeful form before that.
Helen
Helen of Troy, or the Face that Launched a Thousand Ships, was the stunningly beautiful mortal (?) daughter of Zeus and Leda . She came out of the same egg as her mortal sister Clytemnestra (she also had two famous brothers, Castor and Polydeuces), but Helen was the immortal sister. Helen was abducted by Theseus when she was still a child, so Theseus left Helen with his mom ( Aethra ) but she was rescued by her brothers. Later Helen married Menelaus (brother of Agamemnon, her sister Clytemnestra's husband) and bore him a daughter named Hermione . But then Paris came along (review the story of the Golden Apple in the Myth Pages ) and abducted her and started the Trojan War (which of course they blamed on Helen, not Paris or Aphrodite ). After the Trojan War ended, Helen and Menelaus were reunited and lived happily ever after.
*Hera*
Hera is most well known for being the wife of Zeus and the Queen of the Gods. She was also the youngest daughter of Rhea and Cronus. Her bird is the peacock, and in almost every myth she is portrayed as being maliciously jealous. But it must also be remembered that she was the Protector of Marriage. It is believed by some scholars that she earned her bad reputation by being combined with a similar Phoenecian goddess. This scholar, however, thinks that the role of the shrewish wife was one has been pretty institutionalized in patriarchal cultures. Construct a culture so that women's only access to legitimate power is through a faithful relationship to a powerful husband, and you'll get a culture full of women who guard their only assets fiercely. Of course, there's a lot more to it than that, and you can read all about it.
*Hestia*
Hestia was the eldest of the 12 Olympian Gods and the eldest daughter of Rhea & Cronus. When she began her role as a Goddess, she had a throne of her own in Olympus, but when Dionysus grew into Godhood, she willingly gave up her throne to him, choosing the hearth as an alternative. She is the Goddess of Hearth and Home she is also one of the Three Virgin Goddesses. Her symbol was kept in every house, and whenever a child was born the parents had to carry the child around the symbol before he or she could be accepted in the family. She is really fascinating to me, which is why I wrote a whole essay on her. But if you want to skip the academic style and stick with the few myths and such, you can always read more here .
Io
Io was the beautiful mortal princess of Argos who had the misfortune of being loved by Zeus. The two were getting it on when Hera appeared. Zeus, trying to save his and Io's skin, turned Io into a white cow. But Hera wasn't stupid and knew exactly what her wayward husband had done and asked Zeus for the cow. She had her hundred-eyed servant Argus guard Io. Zeus sent Hermes after Io, and the Messager God bored poor Argus to death (literally) and got Io away. Then Hera sent a gadfly after Io who chased her (still in cow form) until she got to Egypt, where Zeus returned her to human form. She is also known as the Egyptian Goddess Isis or Hathor (different versions).
Leto
For someone in so many myths you'd think there'd be more about her! She was the daughter of the Titans Phoebe and Coeus, that makes her a sister of Asteria (the mother of Hecate - see above). She was the mother of the twins Artemis and Apollo. She was a Moon Goddess (not a big surprise, considering her parents and sibs. You definitely should read her story on the new stories page.
Medea
Although she was mortal ly born as the Princess of Colchis, she was the niece of Circe , and therefore a powerful sorceress. She had serious power, but ended up turning evil when she was scorned by her lover, Jason. She ended up becoming a Goddess and ascending Olympus in a cloud of smoke in a chariot drawn by dragon looking like a hag. Poor girl.
The Muses were nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne. They played and sang all of the time and entertained the Gods and Goddesses on Mount Olympus. They also inspired creativity in everyone.
The Muses were:
Erato, the Muse of Lyrics
Euterpe, the Muse of Music
Thalia, the Muse of Comedy
Melpomene, the Muse of Tragedy
Terpsichore, the Muse of Dance and Choral Song
Urania, the Muse of Astronomy
Clio, the Muse of Historical and Heroic Poetry, her name meant "Proclaimer"
Polyhymnia, the Muse of Hymns
Calliope, the Muse of Epics
The last Muse, Calliope, had a child with the King of Thrace. The child's name was Orpheus. There's a great story about him, so watch for the new story pages. There's also cool stories about each of the Muses, and some other Muses you probably didn't know about. For example, Did you know Clio introduced the Phoenician alphabet to Greece? Si, sono veritabile. Now the Muses have their own page! Check it out! In contains LOTS more information.
Naiades
The Naiades were the nymphs of freshwater streams rivers and lakes, but were not limited to these water courses. Many Naiades could be found prancing around with Artemis, who chose 20 Naiades from Amnisus for companions. They were the daughters of rivergods. They had extremely long lifetimes, but they were not considered immortal, and were believed to have sat in on the Gods discussions on Olympus. There were 5 types of Naiades:
Pegaiai, the Nymphs of Springs
Krinaia, the Nymphs of Fountains
Potameides, the Nymphs of Rivers and Streams
Limnades or Limnatides, the Nymphs of Lakes
Eleionomai, the Nymphs of Marshes
Naiades had a tendency to fall in love and marry humans. Hylas was one such case. He makes a great story, and I recommend looking for it in the Myth Pages .
Nausicaä
The mortal daughter of Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians and his consort, Arete. When Odysseus shipwrecked on Alcinous' island, Scheria, he was found by Nausicaä. She received him with elegance and great hospitality and brought him to her father's palace. She is one of the most charming figures in the Odyssey. To read about her in the context of the story, you can check out the short version of the Odyssey in the Myth Pages . The picture on the right is a painting of Nausicaä.
Niobe
The first time I heard her story I didn't pity her at all - which is really harsh. Niobe was the mortal Queen of Thebes, but she wasn't very smart and she was very very proud of her children, so one day she made the mistake of going around and telling everyone that she had 14 kids, and hey! wasn't that better than Leto . After all, Leto only had two. (Which happened to be Artemis and Apollo.) Artemis and Apollo, when they heard, were enraged and flew down to the home of Niobe and Amphion (her husband). Apollo killed all of the seven sons, and Artemis killed all seven daughters (save Chloris, the youngest daughter, but I don't know that part of the story yet). Anyway, Niobe was inconsolable, and she fled to Mt. Siplyon where she sobbed and sobbed. Eventually the Gods turned her into a stone (out of annoyance or pity) but she continued to cry. Her statue cries still today (no joke). This story, in better form, will be appearing on the Myth page.
Pandora
Pandora is a mortal (?) woman who was made by all of the Gods, and given a box that she was instructed not to open. But, the Gods also installed curiosity in the poor girl, and once she was placed on Earth, what could she do but open the box. All at once all of these nasties flew out and started plaguing mankind. Luckily she closed the box in time to keep Hope in there, who would have perished against such odds. After the great flood brought by Zeus, the nasties laid off a little more. This is painting of Pandora is by Erika Meriaux.
Pasiphae
Pasiphae was the mortal daughter of Perse and Helius and the wife of King Minos (therefore, she was Queen of Crete). Minos insulted Poseidon this one time, and Poseidon made Pasiphae fall in love with a bull. So Pasiphae, in love with this bull, got this great inventor/builder named Daedalus to build her a wooden cow she could crawl inside, and through it, mate with the bull. Through this, she became the mother of the monster the Minotaur. She was also the mother of Glaucus, Andogeus, Phaedra , and Ariadne by her husband, Minos.
Penelope
Penelope was the mortal wife of Odysseus, and a good wife at that. You should already know about her because EVERYONE should know the Odyssey, but I guess it's okay if you don't. One story about her is that while Odysseus was away (yes, he was being kept away by Calypso and some other gods) everyone thought Odysseus was dead, and were trying to get Penelope to remarry. Well now, she didn't think Odysseus was dead, but she wasn't certain. What she WAS certain of, was that she didn't want to remarry. So, to fool everyone, she said she would marry when she finished making a funeral shroud for her aging father-in-law (Laertes). But she tricked everyone because she would weave it all day, and then unravel her weaving all night. When Odysseus was an old man and was unwittingly killed by his stepson, Telegonus, Penelope married Telegonus. There is more to that story than there is room to be written here, so go check out the short version of The Odyssey in the Myth Pages . The painting on the left is John Waterhouse's "Penelope and Her Suitors".
Persephone
Persephone was special. She was the daughter of Demeter , and called Kore which simply means Maiden. As such, she was the Goddess of Spring. One day, as she was out picking flowers, Hades, the God of the Underworld, abducted her, raped her, and made her Queen of the Underworld. In that role she has often been described as a cold and unhappy goddess. Some have described her as the Light link between the Underworld and Earth as opposed to Hecate . Demeter fought hard to get her daughter back and eventually rescued her from the Underworld, but Persephone must always return to the underworld every year. It involves pomegranate seeds. There's a major mystery cult dealing with this, but I can't tell you about 'cuz it's a mystery. Want to read more?
Psyche
Psyche means Soul, and she was its personification in a lovely story. She was the wife of Eros (God of Love, son of Aphrodite ) and their myth is about how Love and the Soul came together. It is HERE! in the Myth Pages , and you should definitely take the time to read the whole thing. More or less the story goes that her family offended Aphrodite, and they left Psyche on a mountain as a sacrifice for a monster in penance. Monster ended up being super hunky Eros, but she wasn't allowed to know. When she finds out, and he finds out that she finds out, the challenges begin and Psyche has to win Eros back from his mama by completing a series of errands (read: impossibly difficult tasks) for her. She does and they all live happily ever after. This may be the only time that happens in Greek myths (maybe because it was written by a Roman?) She was born a mortal but became a goddess .
Rhea
Rhea was originally an Mother Goddess, and an Earth Goddess. But when Zeus and the Olympians cult came along and Rhea became the Goddess who was the Mother of the Olympians. She was part of the Titan cult, wife and sister to Cronos. She saved her kids from being eaten (well, most of them), and it was because of her cunning that Zeus and his sibs came to power. She was also called Cybele. She was a very important Goddess around Mesopotamia.
Scylla
Scylla grew up a beautiful maiden nymph, the daughter of Phorcus and Ceto. One day while she walked along the water's edge a man turned sea-god, Glaucus, spotted her. He lusted after her, but, in she did not return that love. A jealous Circe, who was in love with Glaucus herself, changed Scylla into a monster with. She was human to the waist, but below that were biting snapping dogs. She had become a monster. She sat on the Italian side of the straits of Messina gobbling up anything that came within her reach. In The Odyssey, Odysseus manages to avoid Charybdis, but loses six men to Scylla. Scylla probably explained a partially submerged rock that ships foundered on. There is also a human named Scylla, in case you came here by mistake. Scylla means "She who rends".
*Selene*
Selene was the Goddess of the Moon. She was the daughter of the two Titans Hyperion and Themis (see below). She married mortal Endymion (a shepherd who ended up sleeping forever) and had 50 daughters (I don't know what happened to them). She is a part of the Triple Goddess (there will be a section on the Myth pages explaining the phenomenon of Triple Goddesses, so keep looking). Click on Selene's name to read her story (full length) in the Myth Pages.
Semele
Semele was a Princess. One day Zeus came to her and the two made love. She became pregnant with a son, Dionysus, but jealous Hera ended up getting rid of her before she could have the baby. Zeus saved it and sewed it into his leg from which it was born. She was killed when she made Zeus swear (because of Hera) to show himself in all of his glory. He could not break his oath, so he did, and she was burned to a crisp. Bye-bye human-girl!
Sirens
Their name means those who bind, and it is very appropriate. The Sirens were beautiful half fish half woman creatures who sang so beautifully that any man who heard them was compelled to jump off of his ship (they lived on rocks in the sea) and swim to them. Unfortunately most of the sailors died in the rough water and those who didn't perished of hunger because they never moved from the Sirens. There were originally two of them, then three, and then more as writers just liked to add to them. They are most famous for their participation in the Odyssey. In this story, Parthenope, Ligeia and Leucosia sang to the Argonauts who were only saved by Odysseus filling their ears with wax and Orpheus playing VERY loudly. Odysseus tied himself to the mast of the ship so he could not get away.
The Sphinx
I'll bet you've heard of her! She was the riddler who was part woman part lion. She killed anyone who couldn't answer her riddles, but wouldn't let anyone through the gates she stood in front of unless they could (answer her riddle that is). When Oedipus finally did, Sphinx stopped terrorizing Thebes and went away. She was a daughter of Echidna. Sphinx means "Throttler." You can read more about her in the story of Oedipus .
Styx
Styx was a Naiad . Her name meant literally Hateful. This may have been because her river was the one that all of the dead must pass. Her river was the most holy and sacred, and to swear on it was the most holy oath a God could make. There is more to say about her, but you will have to wait for more of the Myth Pages to come out. The painting on the right is called Crossing the Styx.
Syrinx
Syrinx was a beautiful Arcadian river nymph who had the misfortune to be pursued by the ugly god Pan (he was all dirty-goat-like). She fled to her little river in terror of being ravaged and called loudly to the Gods to help her. They heard her and in their mercy turned her into a reed (which is what the name Syrinx means) among the many other reeds on the bank. Pan was very disappointed, but cut off many of the reeds and formed the "Panpipes" or the shepherd's flute. Pan goes around playing it everywhere, and who knows if one of those reeds was Syrinx or not. This story is hardly original, but it's something you should still know it. It follows the same formula as the myth of Daphne .
Thetis
Thetis was the chief Nereid for a long time, and it was she who found the baby Hephaestos and nursed him back to health after he was thrown from Olympus (if you don't get it, check out the Myth Pages ). Zeus wanted her for his lover, but she rejected him (good for her!). Then, the Goddess Themis prophesied that she would bear a son mightier than his father. Hearing that, Zeus stopped being horny and started being scared, and immediately decreed that she could only marry a mortal. She did, and ended up becoming wife to Peleus, and mother of Achilles. As his mother, she tried to make him invincible. There are two versions of what she did, and why she missed his heel. If you don't know them you should check out the Myth Pages .
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Last Updated July 16, 2011
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Acacallis
Acacallis is a kind of boring story - but that's okay, because it isn't really a story about a girl, it's a story about a city. You'll see. Acacallis was a princess, the daughter of Minos (the King of Crete) and Pasiphae . Acacallis (also called Acalle), went to visit her mom's family in the House of Carmanor (they were leading citizens in the city of Tarrha, which is in the West of Crete). It so happens that Apollo had come to Tarrha from Aegialae with his sister, Artemis being purified. Apollo saw Acacallis and fell in love with her and seduced her. She was his first love. Minos got pissed off about that, and sent Acacallis away to Libya. In Libya she became the mother of Garamas (though some call him the "first man." Incidentally, Acacallis means "no walls" - like the city of Tarrha (and many other Cretan cities). This story is probably just an "explanation story" of when the Hellenes came from Aegialae and took over the city of Tarrha. The nobility fled to Libya, where they began ruling the peaceful Garamantians. Make sense? I can't seem to track down any sort of picture of her, so here's one of her mom ( Pasiphae ) instead by Giuliu Romano.
Admeta
Admeta was the daughter of Eurystheus for whom Heracles performed the ninth labor. He went to the Amazons and stole the Girdle of Hippolyta from their queen and brought it back to Admeta. Admeta's mother's name was Antimache. Symbolically, in the story of Heracles, Admeta is a priestess who eventually succumbs to sleeping with the hero, but only after he's beaten her (in the form of the Hydra, a crab, a wild mare, a cloud, and a hind - read the story , if you don't get it). Ademete is also another name for Athena , who helped Heracles along.
Aedon
Aedon was turned into the first nightingale, that's the important thing. How she got to be that way is up for debate. There are two stories that suggest how she became so transformed. The first story sets her up as the wife of Zethus and the mother of Itylus. She mistakenly killed her son, and, out of pity, Zeus turned her into the nightingale, who nightly laments the murder of her child. The other story is not so nice. In this story, Aedon is the queen of ancient Thebes who tries to murder Niobe's kids, but ends up killing her own. She is turned into a nightingale for the same reason in this story.
Aegiale
She was the daughter of Adrastus and Amphithea, and wife of Diomedes. Diomedes was a big-time Trojan War hero and a favorite of Athena's . I personally think he was pretty cool, because he seriously injured Ares (who screamed like a baby and ran home to Olympus where all the Gods were disgusted). But yeah, then Diomedes did all sorts of other cool things with his buddy Odysseus and then he came home and found out: OH MY GOD! Aegiale had been cheating on him! (Chances are he had been sleeping around like nobody's business himself, but does anyone pay attention to that? Nooooo.) So that's how we know about Aegiale.
Aerope
Aerope was a great adulteress. She was married to a King of Mycene named Atreus, but she was sleeping with a man named Thyestes (who happened to be Atreus' bitter brother), who wanted to be king. She stole Atreus' golden lamb, gave it to Thyestes, and tricked Atreus into giving the throne to whoever had the golden lamb. Atreus was pissed, and there's a whole story about what he did, but it has nothing to do with Aerope, so I won't tell it. She was also called Merope.
Aethra
Aethra was the mother of Theseus (and you should definitely know Theseus). She was the daughter of Pittheus (king of Troezen) and the wife of Aegeus (king of Athens). Now despite the fact that she raised and bore Theseus, she is given no more than two words in the telling of the story. She is not even given credit for Theseus' conception, that was the idea of her father.
Agave
Agave was the Queen of Thebes and sister of Semele (mother of Dionysus), which made her another one of the daughters of Harmonia and Cadmus. They were an ill-fated lot, on the whole. She was being catty (really, she was, read the Bacchai) and said that Zeus wasn't Dionysus' father, implying instead that her sister Semele was not only a liar but loose. Dionysus wasn't so happy about that and she was punished by becoming a Maenad . When Agave's only son, and heir to Thebes, Pentheus spied on their rituals, Agave and the Maenads ripped him to shreds while Agave cried out, "Victory, victory! The glory is ours; we have done it." They thought that he was a wild boar.
Aglauros
She was the daughter of the half-dragon half-man Cecrops (so made because he was the arbitrator in the fight between Athena and Poseidon over Athens, and Poseidon lost), but artists usually make her pretty normal looking. Her sister was Herse who was Hermes ' beloved. Well, Aglauros had a thing for Hermes too, and was jealous of her sister. And so when Hermes came to visit, she stood in his way and said she would not move. He was like, "Fine, don't move then," and he turned her into a stone. There are alternate versions of this myth, but they all involve turning to stone or going insane (that variant involves Athena 's not-quite-adopted son Erechthonius).
Alcestis
Alcestis was the ultimate sacrificing wife. She was married to Admetus, who was a friend of Apollo's. Apollo arranged it with the Fates that Admetus wouldn't have to die if he could find someone else to take his place. He asked his parents and servants, but no one agreed. Alcestis took the poison willingly and died in his place. But Admetus was wayyyyy depressed when she died, and so Heracles went down to the Underworld and brought Alcestis back.
Alcippe
Alcippe was the daughter of Ares (God of War) and Aglauros . She was raped by a son of Poseidon. Ares immediately killed the rapist, and was brought on trial by the other gods. It was the first murder trial. After the facts were laid out, and they heard what happened to Alcippe, Ares was quickly aquitted. The picture on the left is called "Phryne before the Areopagus" by Jean-Leon Gerome, and it's there because that Areopagus where important laws (like murder, especially) was the one first created by this "case."
Alcmene
Alcmene was the mother of Heracles. Zeus fell in love with her, and disguised himself as her husband, Amphitryon. They made love, but Zeus was so into it that he made that one night last three days. From this union came the hero Heracles. Her husband was mighty confused when he really did come home.
Althaea
Althaea was the mother of Meleager (whose story is written here , but since it isn't yet finished, Meleager was the guy who finished off the Calydonian Boar and gave Atalanta the credit). So basically Meleager was cool. But Althaea had issues. And even though she saved her baby's life when he was born, she killed him after he killed her brothers. To fully understand this, you should visit the Myth Pages .
Amymone
Amymone was one of the Danaides . Her dad, Danaus, sent her to get water one day, and in searching she saw a deer. Now I don't know what you do when you see a deer, I usually slow down my car and watch it cross the road, but not this girl. No, as soon as she saw it, she tried to shoot it. Except, whoops! it wasn't a deer after all, it was a satyr. And the satyr, a little pissed about being shot at, tried to rape her. Or maybe that wasn't why - satyrs, rarely need an excuse. Anyway, Poseidon came along and rescued her, for which she promptly slept with him in thanks, and he, returning the favor (again) showed her where the springs at Lerna were. They lived happily ever after, had a son named Nauplius, and she escaped the fate of her sisters. According to Robert Graves , Amymone could also be the name of the goddess at Lerna, the center of the Danaid water cult. But, Robert Graves also tended to find connections that no other academics agree with, so take that with a grain of salt. The spring they found is still called Amymone today.
Anaraxete
Anaraxete was "a cruel virgin who made her lover, Iphis, commit suicide." Here's the story: Anaraxete was a Greek princess who was totally not about Iphis (who was madly in love with her). He was so bummed he hung himself. She was so cold and uncaring during his funeral that Aphrodite turned Anaraxete to stone.
Andromache
Andromache was the daughter of Eetion (king of Thebes). Her brothers and her father were killed by Achilles in the Trojan War, as was her husband Hector (whose body Achilles desecrated) and her son Astyanax (who was only a tiny baby). Andromache was made a slave of Achilles' son (Neoptolemus). After she had his kid, and he later died, she married Heleneus (one of King Priam of Troy's few surviving kids) and they became the rulers of the Greek region of Epirus. Of course, that doesn't really get to the character of the woman. Personality wise, she was amazing. Very much an archetype of womanhood, wifehood, etc. in the Iliad, and it's DEFINITELY worth reading at least her part before Hector leaves for battle.
Andromeda
Andromeda was the perfect damsel in distress. She was the daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia . Cassiopeia pissed off the Nereids by saying that Andromeda was more beautiful than they. Poseidon sent a sea monster down that started devouring everything it could. To end the destruction, they decided to sacrifice Andromeda, and chained her to a rock for the monster to eat. Luckily, Perseus (young hero) swooped down to kill the moster and save the girl at just the right moment. He fell in love with her, of course, and wanted to marry her. But her parents were like, "heeeeeeeeck no." So he pulled out the head of Medusa and turned them to stone. Then they got married and had six sons and a daughter. When she died, Andromeda was hung in the sky as a constellation. That picture on the left is of her chained to the rock in a kinky kind of way.
Antigone
Antigone's story (or rather the short version) is told in the Myth Pages , but since that version isn't finished yet, I'll write a short version here as well. Antigone was the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta and the sister of Ismene . She was strong in every way imaginable. She openly defied her evil uncle King Creon to bury her brother, Polydices, saying that a immoral law should not be followed. Creon sentenced her to be buried alive. Antigone hung herself soon after she was locked into the cave, just before Haemon came to save her. I wrote a post about Ismene and Antigone in the Sophocles' Antigone in the blog , too, and you should go read it unless you are horribly intimidated by grammar.
Antiope
Antiope was a princess of Thebes who bore two sons (Zethus and Amphion) to Zeus. Fearing her father's wrath, she abandoned them on a mountainside, but as Ananke (Fate) would have it, the boys were saved by a kind herdsman. The Lycus, King of Thebes and Antiope's father, and his wife, Dirce were very very cruel to Antiope until one day she ran away into the woods. She came to the cottage where her sons lived and they had a joyful reunion. Then her sons - who were now grown - returned and killed both Lycus and Dirce. There's another Antiope .
Arachne
Arachne ... she makes a great Halloween character (if I do say so myself). She was a fantastic weaver and young and stupid so she went around saying she was the best at it. And Athena heard and was furious and challenged her to a throw-down. Arachne was all like, "Bring it!" and so the thing began. They were closer in skill than anyone might have imagined, but Arachne made the topic of her tapestry a catalogue of all the disgraceful acts of the gods, and especially Athena's daddy, Zeus. Gracious knows there were plenty of opportunities for her to choose from. Needless to say, the goddess wasn't having it. There are two ends to the story. One has it that after offending the goddess, Arachne went an hung herself and that Athena turned her into a spider out of pity, the other has no pity but still the part about being turned into a spider.
Ariadne
Look it's another Dionysus chick! Ariadne was born the daughter of King Minos and Queen Pasiphae of Crete. Crete was an expansionist nation, but instead of simply taking over Athens, they allowed a tribute of youths (chicks and dudes) for sacrifice to their monstrous son, the Minotaur. Theseus, the son of the King of Athens, was one such sacrifice. He arrives, Ariadne (who wants out in a bad way) is totally into the foreign hottie and makes him promise to take her with him if he escapes, which she helps him to by giving him magic string that helps him get out of the Labyrinth (where the Minotaur lives). So far so good. Theseus does his thing, and off they go. On the way back to Athens they stop at Naxos, where, for one reason or another, they drop off Ariadne. There she and Dionysus have a thing, possibly, though sources differ. Actually, sources on this one differ really dramatically, so I can give you no definitive myth. However, if interested in this sort of thing, you should check out the novel, The King Must Die by Mary Renault. Awesome book.
Atalanta
Atalanta was abandoned at birth by her misogynist father, but turned out just fine as the daughter of a bear. Very Artemis-like, with the virginity and the hunting ... At some point she involves herself in the Calydonian boar hunt . She may or may not have been one of the Argonauts . But, like so many myths about women, her story seems to end with marriage. She returns to her dad (more forgiving lady than me, I must say) who wants her to get married, but she's not feelin' it. So they compromise, if a dude can beat her in a footrace, she'll marry him. Only Hippomenes (aka Meilanion) can do it - and only then with the aid of divinely magicked golden apples - but, nonetheless, their marriage seemed a happy one since it only ended when they were caught having sex on sacred ground (Zeus' or Cybele's) and changed into lions. In case you haven't figured it out, this lady's super-cool. Actually, this lady is so rocking, she gets a big ol' space of her own in the Myth Pages . Trust me, it's worth your time.
Autonoe
The daugher of Harmonia and Cadmus, and sister of Agave , Ino , and Semele . She, like all her sisters, has a tragic story too. She was the mother of Actaeon. He was turned into a stag and ripped apart by his hounds for looking at Artemis bathing. Actually, the fuller story is on the Artemis page . That was her tragedy. Not quite as bad as her sisters, but bad enough.
Baubo
Baubo is sometimes considered a goddess, but I prefer to think of her as human. When Demeter was searching for Persephone , her daughter, she got really really pissed and made the world go into it's first winter. Which scared everyone. But Baubo, when she saw Demeter's sadness, lifted the Goddess's mood by lifting up her dress and flashing her. It made Demeter laugh out loud and winter began to turn to spring. Baubo reached demi-goddess status, and became one of Demeter's priestesses. That picture on the right, you know, the one of the chick holding her dress up? Yeah. That's Baubo.
Baucis
Baucis was married to Philemon, and the poor, old couple were the only ones who would give shelter to Zeus and Hermes when they were wandering the earth disguised as mortals. They touched Zeus' heart so deeply that he granted their deepest wish: that they could remain together even in death. Zeus transformed them into trees whose branches were intertwined.
Biblys
The daughter of Miletus, founder of Milete. She fell in love with her twin brother Caunus, who fled from her. She followed him throughout Asia Minor until she died from exhaustion and grief, and was changed into a constantly flowing spring.
Briseis
Briseis got caught in the middle of things. She was abducted from Troy during the Trojan War and became, quite literally, booty. Sadly, both Achilles (hero of the Iliad) and Agamemnon (Greek king leading the charge against Troy in the Iliad) wanted her booty, and there was this whole big thing over her, cuz Agamemnon took her from Achilles after he'd stolen her fair and square. In the Iliad, that holy of holies, she may have rank, but not nearly as crucial as Chryseis, the daughter of the priest of Apollo who is returned to the Trojans. Briseis is emphatically NOT returned to the Trojans, whatever Brad Pitt might say (and she doesn't kill Agamemnon, either. That's Clytemnestra 's job). Briseis just means "daughter of Briseus," apparently her given name was actually Hippodamia. If you really dig this story, you should read Helen the Face in the Myth Pages .
Caenis
I think this is one of Greek Mythology's coolest stories. Caenis was a beautiful young maiden who Poseidon abducted and brutally raped. Afterward, he felt a little bad and offered to give her anything she wanted. She asked to be turned into a man so that would NEVER happen again. Poseidon did as she asked and made her invincible to weapons as well. Caeneus (that was her name as a man) could not be killed, but he was buried under a pile of pine trees by a bunch of Centaurs. Caeneus was an invulnerable warrior of Thessaly; he took part in the Calydonian boar hunt and was put out of commission in the battle between the Lapiths and Centaurs. Actually, the story of Caeneus is just one of a few Transgender Myths To Know , keeping in mind, of course, that the concept "transgender" totally anachronistic.
Callirhoe
Callirhoe was married to Alcmaeon, who was murdered by his first wife's dad. She prayed that her sons would grow up in one day so that they could avenge their father. Zeus granted her prayer, and they grew to six feet in one night and killed their father's murderer. Actually, there's about nine other Callirhoes as well, but this first one's all you get for now.
Carya
Carya was the daughter of a Laconian king. Her story is very short. She was the beloved of Dionysus, but she died very suddenly at Caryae. Dionysus wasn't too keen on losing his love, but he couldn't bring her back to life, so instead he turned her into a walnut tree. Artemis brought word of her death to the Laconians, which is where the Goddess got the name Artemis Caryatis. Carya means "walnut tree" and she is associated with the Titaness of Wisdom, Metis .
Cassandra
Cassandra was one of those who was in the Trojan War. Ther are two books you should know that relate to her. Number One: The Iliad; Number Two: The Firebrand, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, which is actually ABOUT Cassandra and a VERY good fiction book. Anyway, Cassandra was the daughter of Priam. She was a prophetess - but, because of the times, a prophetess of doom. If anyone had bothered to listen to her, they wouldn't have lost the War, but nooooooo. Oh well. Today calling someone a Cassandra means calling them a prophet of doom. She got her power from Apollo, cuz he hada thing for her. But when she accepted his gift but not his love, he cursed her that her prophesies would never convince anyone. Her name meant "She who entagles men."
Cassiopeia
Cassiopeia boasted that she was more beautiful than the Nereids who complained to Poseidon. Poseidon sent a sea monster and demanded that Andromeda be sacrificed to it. Luckily, Perseus came along and saved Andromeda. Cassiopeia was made a constellation (a woman in supplication to the gods).
Chione
Chione had twin sons by two gods. She bore Autolycus (a master thief) to Hermes and Philammon (a master musician) to Apollo. But when she asked Apollo to say she was more beautiful than Artemis, she messed up, because Artemis heard and shot her. Apollo turned her into a hawk.
Chryseis
One of the main characters in The Iliad, she was the traitorous daughter of Chryses (a priest of Apollo) who was taken captive by Agamemnon. When Agamemnon wouldn't let her go, Apollo sent a plague onto the Greek army. Agamemnon promptly let her go, but demanded Achilles' concubine, Briseis, in her place. This caused very big problems. Read the book.
Cilissa
Cilissa was the nurse of Orestes who, when Aegisthus (the murderer who wanted to destroy Agamemnon's line) tried to strangle the baby, placed her own son in Orestes cradle. Orestes was saved (though her own child died) and grew up to kill Aegisthus.
Circe
Circe was an evil, or perhaps just cruelly quirky, sorceress. She was very powerful and turned all of Odysseus' men into swine (they bearly escaped). She also had the power to purify and cleanse the Argonauts of the murder of Apsyrtus. Her name means "Falcon" and that seems pretty appropriate for her character. Circe was the daughter of Helios (the Sun) and Perse , and was the aunt of Medea . She was wayyyyy dangerous because she was so powerful and so bored. She also had a hand in turning the little nymph Scylla into a monster . But you'll have to check out the story in the Myth Pages to understand that.
Clymene
The name Clymene means "Famous Might". There were a couple of Clymenes. One was believed to be the mother of Atalanta . But the one who seems more important to me was the mother of Phaethon, but if you want to learn about her you will have to check out Clymene, the Nymph .
Clytemnestra
Clytemnestra was the daughter of Leda and Tyndareus, sister of Helen , Castor, and Polydeuces. She married Agamemnon, and had four children ( Chrysothemis , Electra , Iphigenia , and Orestes). She never forgave Agamemnon for sacrificing Iphigenia to free the Greek ships so they could go to the Trojan War, and while Agamemnon was gone, she plotted with her lover, Aegisthus, to kill Agamemnon. When Agamemnon returned, Clytemnestra killed him and Cassandra . Later in life, with Electra's encouragement, her son Orestes killed Clytemnestra to avenge Agamemnon's death. This whole thing is explored - along with some really fascinating thoughts on Greek civilization and gender - in Aeschylus' Oresteia and Sophocles' Elektra. What really makes her story awesome is understanding her in the larger context of Greek mythology and gender, and so I've written a bit about Clytemnestra and motherhood in my blog: check it out .
Comaetho
There were two chicks named Comaetho, both with super interesting stories, though I have to warn you, they're both sad. Princess Comaetho was the daughter of the king of the Taphians, and this guy attacked the kingdom and he was super cute. But the king had this lock of blonde hair on his head that made him invincible, and Comaetho, being an idiot, couldn't bear that her crush wouldn't win. So she snuck into her dad's room one night and cut it off and then went and gave it to hottie-conqueror-guy. Next day, guy wins, dad dies, and Comaetho was executed by conqueror guy because traitors suck, and women are untrustworthy (that appears to be the moral of the story anyway). The other one's a little more romantic, though. Priestess Comaetho served Artemis Triclaria in Achaia, but she had this major crush on this guy named Melanippus. They did everything they could to get their parents to let them marry, but the 'rents weren't down (probably because having your daughter leave the service of Artemis, the virgin goddess , for some dude was no good). So, what could they do? Well, they did actually have a few options, but the one they went with involved sleeping together on the temple floor. Artemis got pissed and started killing all these people and didn't stop until the oracle explained that it was Comaetho and Melanippus' fault. So then they were sacrificed and for a long time, the people had to sacrifice the most beautiful girl and boy to appease her. Sad, huh? That's them!
Creusa
There were three Creusas. One is Roman, so I'm not even going to talk about her. One is boring (daughter of King of Athens, raped by Apollo, ho hum), so I'm not going to really talk about her. The last was the daughter of the King of Corinth (Creon). Jason, after her returned home from his mission, fell in love with her. She was alternatively called Glauce . Ain't nothing wrong with that, except that, oh yeah! he was already married to Medea . Now, Medea was no one to be messed with. She was a sorceress, and she had killed families out of love for Jason. When Jason ditched her for Creusa, she went crazy and killed Creusa, Creusa's father, and her own children with Jason.
Cyrene
Cyrene is SOOO COOOL! She was the daughter of a shepherd. So, one day Apollo happens along and sees her. What is this dainty shepherdess doing? She's wrestling a lion that was attacking her father's sheep. Apollo was in love. He carried her off and founded the city of Cyrene, making her queen. To Apollo she bore the sons Aristeus and Idmon. Later she bore a child with Ares.
Danae
I'm seriously running short on time to write this, but basically, Danae was the daughter of Acrisius (king of Argos) who was locked in a bronze room. Her dad locked her there because an oracle said her son would kill Acrisius, and Acrisius wasn't too thrilled with the idea. But no lock stops Zeus, and so Perseus was born. When Acrisius heard, he threw the two into a casket and set them into the sea (so that if they died he couldn't be accused of murder, it would be Poseidon's fault). But they didn't die, and Danae went on to live happily ever after (eventually) and Perseus became a great hero. That picture on the right is of two men putting Danae, grasping her son all the while, into the casket that will soon be set on the sea. It is a John Waterhouse painting in black and white.
Danaides
The Danaides were the 50 daughters of Danaus (hence the name "Danaides"). They were fated to marry the 50 sons of Aegyptus, Danaus' twin brother. So anyway, Anius (Danaus' other name) really didn't want his daughters to marry his nephews. And so he fled, with his rather immense family, to Argos - but the "evil" twin followed with his sons, and forced the Danaides into marriage. Danaus wasn't too peachy keen about this, and instructed his daughters to kill all of their husbands on their wedding nights. All complied except Hypermnestra , who fell in spared her suitor (Lynceus) because he didn't rape her (ah, what a world). When they died - which they did as virgins cuz no one else wanted to marry 'em because who wants to marry husband-murderers? so it sucked to be them - all of the Danaides were cursed to fetch water in sieves for all eternity (in the Underworld, of course), except Hypermnestra . This is, of course, only one version of the story. Look to the Myth Pages for the story of the Danaides, coming soon!
Deianira
Deianira was the wife of Heracles (Greek name for Hercules). When she was almost abducted by a centaur, as he died he gave her a vial of his blood and said that it was a love potion, in reality it was the deadliest of poisons. Deianira unwittingly smeared this on Heracles' cloak, hoping for his affection (which goes to show you shouldn't be insecure) and Heracles died, and there became a God (this whole posthumous Godhood thing). After his death she committed suicide.
Elais
One of the three Oenotropae , or daughters of Anius, sister of Spermo and Oeno . Elais could turn anything she touched into oil. She and her sisters were captured by the Greek forces on their way to the Trojan War, but Dionysus turned the sisters into doves so they could escape.
Electra
Electra was the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra and the sister of Iphigenia , Chrysothemis and Orestes. When Clytemnestra killed Agamemnon for killing Iphigenia , Electra protected her little brother, Orestes, by sending him away. When he grew up, Electra convinced him to avenge the murder of their father by killing their mother, Clytemnestra. Orestes did, and was haunted by the Erinyes for the rest of his life. The picture on the right is Electra as played by the Greek actress, Lydia Koniordou.
Epione
Epione was the wife of the famous healer Aesclepius (who was killed for bringing people back to life). She was a healer too, but no one ever remembers that. She was the mother of Hygeia , Goddess of Healing, as well as Acecis, Aegle, Iaso, Janiscus, Machaon, Panacea and Podalirius.
Erigone
Erigone was the daughter of Icarius, who was one of the first disciples of Dionysus, God of Wine. He threw a party and invited lots of people and then served them wine. The people, thinking they had been poisoned, killed Icarius. Icarius' faithful dog, Maera, led Erigone to Icarius' body. Upon finding him, Erigone was so full of grief she killed herself. Supposedly, she was turned into the constellation Virgo upon dying.
Europa
Europa was one of the many beautiful maidens abducted by Zeus. She was out in the field picking flowers with her friends when a white bull showed up. She climbed on its back and it ran away with her. Later she found out it was really Zeus and she bore him three sons: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon. When she married the King of Crete, he adopted them and they became Kings on their own eventually.
Eurycleia
Eurycleia was the loving nurse of Telemachus and Odysseus in The Odyssey. When Odysseus came in disguise as a beggar, she recognized a scar while she was washing his feet. She was overjoyed to have found her master, since she had stayed loyal to him through the whole ordeal.
Eurydice
Eurydice was the Dryad wife of the musician Orpheus. The couple was very much in love and very happy until this dude named Aristaeus fell in love with her too. She was running away from him and stepped on a viper and died. Orpheus wasn't too happy, so he went to the Underworld, and with his beautiful singing, got Persephone and Hades to let Eurydice come back with him. The only thing he had to do was not look back at her until they were out of the Underworld and into the sunshine again. But he couldn't do it and sneaked a peak. As he did he saw Eurydice slide back to world of shades. He tried again, but found he couldn't get back into the Underworld. This story is decent, but when I saw the Brazilian film, "Orpheo Negro" (Black Orpheus) it seriously tore me up. It was so beautiful. It was haunting. See it with English subtitles. Now.
Harpalyce
Harpalyce was one scary chica. She was a follower of Artemis , as she was a huntress princess, but she took hunting to a whole other level. She was so into hunting that she began hunting anything that moved (travelers, sheperds, villagers, you know). Now, the inhabitants of her kingdom weren't exactly peachy-keen about this, and so eventually they caught the princess in a net and beat her to death with sticks. Her name comes in two parts: "harpa" means "snatcher" and "lyce" means "wolf." Very appropriate.
Hecuba
Hecuba was the wife of Priam, King of Troy (let's review the Trojan War in the Myth Pages, if we haven't already done so) and the mother of the hero Hector and the dumbass Paris (some people consider him a hero, too, the reason escapes me). She was a beautiful woman who deeply loved her family and was NOT happy about the Trojan War, but couldn't do much about that. After Troy fell, Hecuba was captured and enslaved by the Achaeans. Hecuba was actually her name in Latin, the Greeks called her Hekabe.
Helen
Helen of Troy, or the Face that Sunk a Thousand Ships, was the stunningly beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda . She came out of the same egg as her mortal sister Clytemnestra (she also had two famous brothers, Castor and Polydeuces), but Helen was the immortal sister. Helen was abducted by Theseus when she was still a child, so Theseus left Helen with his mom ( Aethra ) but she was rescued by her brothers. Later Helen married Menelaus (brother of Agamemnon, her sister Clytemnestra's husband) and bore him a daughter named Hermione . But then Paris came along (review the story of the Golden Apple in the Myth Pages ) and abducted her and started the Trojan War (which of course they blamed on Helen, not Paris or Aphrodite ). After the Trojan War ended, Helen and Menelaus were reunited and lived happily ever after. You can read more about this story in Helen the Face . On the right is Evelyn de Morgan's depiction of Helen.
Hermione
Hermione was the daughter of Helen of Troy and Menelaus. Her dad arranged for her to marry this cute kid named Orestes (who ended up murdering lots of family members and was haunted by Erinyes for a long time), but when the Trojan War began, he tried to get on the Greeks good side by marrying her off to Neoptolemus (Pyrrhus), the only son of Achilles. The two suitors dueled over Hermione and Neoptolemus was killed. What a suckie way to get married.
Hero
Hero was a priestess of Aphrodite who was loved by the hero Leander. Leander was quite athletic, and every night he would swim across the Hellespont by the light of the lighthouse at Sestus (where Hero lived). But one night there was a storm and the light was blown out, Leander couldn't wait though, and paid for it. When Hero saw his corpse, she, too, threw herself into the water and died.
Hesione
Hesione was the unfortunate daughter of Laomedon. See, he was dumb, and tried to get away with making the Gods work for him and then not pay them. Apollo sent a plague and Poseidon sent a sea monster (he wasn't the most original of the gods), and an oralcle told Laomedon the only way he could stop them would be to sacrifice his daughter. That would be Hesione. Lucky for her Heracles came along and saved her (he wasn't that heroic - he wouldn't save her until after Laomedon promised him a set of cool horses, which Laomedon didn't pay anyway). But she lived, so everything was happy (except that Heracles killed all her brothers except Priam, which sucked a lot).
Hypermnestra
Hypermnestra was the only was of the 50 Danaides who didn't kill her husband (Lynceus). Now, the sisters weren't homicidal madwomen, but Danaus (their father) had instructed them to do it, and it was illegal to disobey your father. Hypermnestra (whose name means "special intent" or "excessive wooing") claimed that she couldn't kill Lynceus because she loved and respected him (because he left her virginity in tact. Danaus got pissed and sued Hypermnestra for disobeying him, but she was aquitted. Hypermnestra was the only Danaid to escape the fate of carrying sieves of water through the Underworld in punishment for her sins.
Hypsipyle
Hypsiple's is a funny, if slightly morbid, story. She was the Queen of Lemnos. Now, the men on Lemnos had gotten into the habit of raiding Thrace and taking wives and concubines from there, and spurning the women of Lesbos. The women got tired of that pretty fast, and killed all of the men. For five years they lived without dudes around, and then the Argonauts landed. There was no bitterness left, and every woman on Lesbos had a child by the Argonauts. Hypsiple had twins by Jason (who never actually got to see these offspring).
Ianthe
Ianthe married Iphis. This is normal, except that, for some reason, Iphis was a woman. But Iphis was changed into a man so that Ianthe could marry her/him. Ianthe was from Crete. I actually really love this story, it's my favorite from Ovid's Metamorphoses.
Ino
Ino was the human daughter of Harmonia and Cadmus, sister to Agave , Semele , and Autonoe . Firstly, Ino helped raise Dionysus. That's important, because Hera was EXTREMELY bitter about it. Ino was the second wife of King Athamas of Orchomenus, who married her after tiring of Nephele . Nephele wasn't too happy about that, and complained to Hera , who sent a terrible drought to Orchomenus. When the King sent to the Oracle of Delphi, Ino bribed the messenger to say Phrixes ( Nephele 's son) should be sacrificed. She wanted her own children in power. The King was about to when a Golden Ram appeared on the sacrifice table. So they stopped sacrificing Phrixes and went after the ram. Eventually, with Helle his sister, they sacrificed the ram. Her first plan foiled, Hera blinded the King who shot one of Ino's sons. Ino ran away with her other son, but the King was after them. They reached a cliff and there was nothing to do but jump of into the river, which they did and both mother and son died. But Zeus took pity because Ino had raised Dionysus and turned Ino into Leucothea and her son into Pelaemon (a sea god). There is another story about Leucothea .
Io
Io was the beautiful princess of Argos who had the misfortune of being loved by Zeus. The two were getting it on when Hera appeared. Zeus, trying to save his and Io's skin, turned Io into a white cow. But Hera wasn't stupid and knew exactly what her wayward husband had done and asked Zeus for the cow. She had her hundred-eyed servant Argus guard Io. Zeus sent Hermes after Io, and the Messager God bored poor Argus to death (literally) and got Io away. Then Hera sent a gadfly after Io who chased her (still in cow form) until she got to Egypt, where Zeus returned her to human form. She is also known as the Egyptian Goddess Isis. There's a pretty sweet story about Io in the Myth Pages . Please check it out!
Iphigenia
Poor kid. She was the daughter of Clymenestra and Agamemnon. Unfortunately, because of something that her parents did, Artemis required that Iphigenia be sacrificed. But at the last moment, she was sent miraculously to Taurus (a city) and Artemis put a deer in her place, or at least that's what Euripides says. Other stories say that she was actually killed.
Iphis
So, Iphis' daddy always wanted a boy. When Telethusa gave birth to a girl, she hid her privates and told her husband it was a boy, because she couldn't bear the thought of leaving her child to die on a mountain somewhere, and besides, Isis (Egyptian goddess) told her to. But this isn't something that can be short term, and Iphis was raised as if she were a boy. She grows, and her father betroths her to Ianthe (above), and Iphis genuinely falls in love with her. But it's problematic that she's a girl, and she can't really accept the idea. Ianthe, meanwhile, has no idea that her fiance has the same chromosomes. Anyway, mama and Iphis pray a lot to Isis, who, at the last moment, makes the sex match the gender. This story is told in the Metamorphoses. This story is just one of a few Transgender Myths To Know , keeping in mind, of course, that the concept "transgender" totally anachronistic.
Ismene
Ismene was a daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta and Antigone's sister. When Antigone was supposed to be buried alive for burying her brother (against the evil King Creon's decree), Ismene declared she had helped Antigone and demanded to share her fate. Ismene was the shy and quiet sister, but her love and loyalty made her strong. I wrote a post about Ismene and Antigone in the Sophocles' Antigone in the blog , too, and you should go read it unless you are horribly intimidated by grammar.
Jocasta
Jocasta was the wife of Laius, King of Thebes (daughter of Menoeceus, sister of Creon). Now, while married to Laius, an oracle said that their son would kill Laius, so they abandoned their baby son (Oedipus) in the mountains. He survived, returned, and accidentally killed Laius (not knowing he was his son). Jocasta married Oedipus, and they had four children ( Antigone , Ismene , Eteocles, and Polynices. When she finally realized she had married and had children with her son (or when Eteocles and Polynices killed each other), she hung herself. She is also called Epicasta or Iocasta. To see more about this story, visit the Myth Pages .
Laodamia
Laodamia was the wife of Protesilaus, the first Greek killed in the Trojan War. When she begged the gods to let her see her husband again, Hermes came and brought her down to the Underworld for a three hour visit. But when it came time to leave, she couldn't bear it, and killed herself to remain with him.
Leda
Leda was the Queen of Sparta. Her husband was Tyndareus, but she wasn't completely faithful to him (no one particularly cared because she was the Queen of Sparta). Zeus fell in love with Leda and seduced her in the form of a swan. So, she had four children, two sets of twins, and each set of twins was born from an egg. The two girls were Helen (daughter of Zeus) and Clytemnestra (daughter of Tyndareus) and they came from one egg. The two boys, also called the Dioscuri, were Polydeuces, also called Pollux (son of Zeus) and Castor (son of Tyndareus).
Leucippe
There were actually a bunch of women named Leucippe, one of whom was a Minyad who went insane and had to give up her son to be torn to shreds, but read more about that below . Here I'd rather take the space to tell you amazing story of another Leucippe, the daughter of Thestor. Her life is totally a Gilbert and Sullivan production. When she was a very little girl, her sister Theonoe was kidnapped by pirates and taken away to a far away land (Caria) where she was made to be one of King Icarus' concubines. Their father, despite having three other children, was destroyed by her disappearance and went looking for her. Of course, he didn't have too much of an idea where she was, but luck would have it that he was shipwrecked off the coast of that very Caria. He was also taken captive and made a slave to the king. With her father gone, Leucippe saw that the responsibility to save them had fallen to her. Now, she had two brothers (Theoclymenus and Calchas), but I guess they weren't in the picture, so off she went. 'Course, a young lady all on her own in the great big world doesn't have a lot going for her, so Leucippe went and asked the Delphic Oracle for advice. The oracle told her, logically enough, to dress as a priest of Apollo. So she cut her hair, and followed all the Greek crossdressing guidelines, and, after a while, arrived in Caria. Unlike the rest of her traveling family, she was treated well and not made into a slave (the priest thing might have helped), but she was such a good crossdresser that Theonoe fell for her. In a very Potiphar's wife move, she hits on her sister, who is properly freaked out (even tho she doesn't recognize her long lost sib) and rejects her. Theonoe was pissed and locks up poor Leucippe. But she's not done! She then goes and finds a slave and tells him to kill the priest. Guess who the slave is! That's right, it's dear old Dad. Anyway, Thestor's not happy anyway, and killing an innocent dude is pretty much the last straw. So he goes to do it, but then at the second to last moment turns the sword on himself. Second to last because Leucippe recognizes her father (at least ONE of them isn't terribly nearsighted), and stops him immediately. But now Leucippe's really really pissed and goes off to hunt down and kill the ho who tried to do her like that, with Thestor tagging along behind. So there they all are, Leucippe has the sword high ready to get down to some serious smoting when Theonoe cries out her father's name. Thestor recognizes her, stops Leucippe, and King Icarus, apparently having no problem with losing both slave and concubine, sends them home with gifts. And, apparently, they all live happily ever after. Crazy, huh?
Leucippus
Literally the same story as Iphis' , above, except trade Leto for Isis and do a striptease in her honor at least once a year. This story is just one of a few Transgender Myths To Know , keeping in mind, of course, that the concept "transgender" totally anachronistic.
Maenads
The female devotees of the wine-god Dionysus, thus also called Bacchae and Bacchantes. Inspired by him to ecstatic frenzy, they accompany him in his wanderings and as his priestesses carry out his orgiastic rites. In their wild frenzy they tear animals apart and devour the raw flesh. They are represented crowned with vine leaves, clothes in fawnskins and carrying the thyrsus, and dancing with the wild abandonment of complete union with primeval nature. On the right is a group of Maenads initiating a new member.
Marpessa
There are plenty of stories about how gods chase nymphs and don't win. But there are fewer stories about human women who hold out against the gods. Marpessa was one of them. She chose a human husand, Idas, over the god Apollo. Here's how her story goes: Marpessa was the daughter of King Evenus who decreed that all her suitors must compete in a chariot race. Win, you get Marpessa; lose, you lose your head. Idas prayed to Poseidon, who gave him a chariot drawn by flying horses, and he won without contest. Then Apollo saw Marpessa and abducted her. Idas came after in the winged chariot and challenged Apollo to a duel. After one exchange of arrows (through which Idas stayed alive, impressively), Zeus interfered and said Marpessa should choose one. She, obviously, chose Idas.
Meda
A sad story, really. She was married to the King of Crete, who had to go off and fight in the Trojan War. Then this guy told her that her hubby was cheating on her, and so she decided to seduce the regent, Leucas, who'd been brought up as an adopted child. But the whole thing went sour when he turned out to suck, and he killed her and her daughter Cleisithyra (by Idomeneus, the King).
Medea
She was born as the Princess of Colchis and the niece of Circe , and therefore a powerful sorceress. One of the most interesting women in Greek mythology, in my humble opinion, I cannot hope to do her complete justice here. She fell in love with Jason - maybe with a little help from Hera - while he was on his quest for the Golden Fleece . She helped him to steal the sacred artifact for her beloved and he agreed to abduct her. Whatever her home situation looked like, it couldn't have been good, because to make a clean escape she murdered her brother, Absyrtos, to distract her father. There were a bunch more adventures on the way home, all of which Medea handled for Jason. This included the last leg of the adventure, when they arrived to take the throne from Pelias and she tricked his daughters into boiling him alive. But heroic though her actions might (or might not be) for a man, a woman never gets away that easily. After fleeing to Corinth, and bearing Jason two children, Jason decides to throw her over for some cute young thing named Creusa . Medea simply wasn't having it creatively murdered her competition by making her wedding dress magically spontaneously combust as soon as she put it on. But that wasn't enough. She knew she wasn't getting Jason back, and she felt - worst of all possible things - that he was laughing at her. She wanted him to hurt. Although she could not hurt him as badly as she had been hurt, she knew that the one thing that would destroy him would be to kill his children. That those children were also hers was not irrelevant, but it was not enough to keep her from killing them to get at him. Unlike other women, she does not commit suicide at this point, but escapes to Athens where she marries another king and attempts (unsuccessfully) to kill Theseus . One story says she is granted immortality by Hera because Zeus tried to seduce her, but she successfully rebuffed him.
Megara
A born victim - which isn't surprising considering her father, Creon of Thebes, married her to Heracles as his way of saying thanks for some political help. A hero like that needs a damsel in distress hanging near. According to my favorite version, this bad guy tried to take over while Heracles was away on business and, thus tried to kill Heracles' boo. And failed as the hero arrived in the nick of time, of course, but then Hera was pissed, because she liked the bad guy, and made Heracles go insane, whereupon he killed Megara and their children (there were between 3 and 7 of them by Megara). Then he went off to Omphale 's to crossdress and be purified.
Melantho
Not terribly interesting in her own right, she was the daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha who was seduced by Poseidon in the form of a dolphin (him, not her). She had his baby and named it Delphus, after whom the city of Delphi was named.
Meleagerides
You know Meleager, right? Cool story involving Atlanta ? Well, anyway, he was killed by his mom, who through this log that had his life tied up in it on the hearth. The sisters, Eurymede, Melanippe, Phoebe, Eurydice, Menestro, Erato, Antiope, Gorge, Deianeira and Hippodameia, all were really broken up about his death and wouldn't stop crying, so Artemis, trying to help out, turned them into guinea hens, which were henceforth sacred to her. Except for Gorge and Deianeira, who went on to have their own stories. Gorge was raped by her father and had his child, but was eventually happily married. Deianeira went on to hook up with Heracles.
Meliboea
A HAPPY love story, if you can believe it. This girly fell for a guy named Alexis, and he for her. But their parents, wouldn't have it. Alexis couldn't bear being "so close and yet so far" so he moved down the block (actually the stream). Eventually, Meliboea's parents married her off to some other schlemiel, and Meliboea threw herself off the roof of her house. Interestingly, she was unhurt. Which didn't really help her out with the new marriage thing, so she hijacked a nearby boat to try and find her one true love. The boat, like magic, took her right to him, and the two lived happily ever after and dedicated a temple to Aphrodite Automate . Finally a happy ending!
Merope
She was the granddaughter of Dionysus, and the daughter of a wine-making noble, Oinopion, who was one day visited by Orion (giant hunter stud). He fell instantly in love with Merope, and proposed. Even did some AMAZING FEATS to prove himself, but dad wasn't impressed (although Merope appears to have been). Then he got drunk (shocker) and raped her. Dad freaks out and asks Dionysus for help, who puts Orion into a deep sleep, whereupon Dad puts Orion's eyes out. Orion wanders off the island and wanders around for a long time, but eventually comes back for revenge. But by then, Oinopion and family (including Merope) are long gone. The end.
Mestra
One really cool lady, Mestra was the daughter of a sinner (aren't we all?). Her daddy, Erysichthon, cut down a tree in a sacred grove of Demeter. Demeter cursed him to have an insatiable hunger, but he still had a method of income. See, Mestra once slept with Poseidon, and he gave her the power to change into whatever she wanted (this is a power that is especially associated with the sea, by the way). So she started pimping herself out to support pops. Literally. I mean, she'd sleep with 'em, and then change into a man and get away. Unfortunately, despite her neato power and efforts, Erysichthon eventually couldn't take it and ate himself. And died, obviously. Don't really know what Mestra did with the rest of her life tho - it was a little hard to keep track of her.
Metaneira
This lady was the queen of Eleusis who received Demeter , in the disguise of an old lady, into her home while she was on her search for her daughter Persephone . Metaneira felt sorry for the old woman and offered her the job of nurse for her son, which Dememter accepted. Everyone in the house tried to cheer the sad woman up, and before she moved on, Demeter decided to try and repay the family. She took the son, Demophon, to a fire every night and held him over it to make him immortal. Sadly, Metaneira walked in one night and screamed which startled the goddess who dropped the baby into the fire and he burned up, whereupon Demeter revealed her true form. She still wanted to repay them, but this time she just gave the older son, Triptolemus, a chariot with winged serpents instead of horses, and told him to travel the world sowing wheat. Metaneira's husband became Demeter's priest, as did all of her children.
Minyades
The Minyades were the daughters of Minyas (king guy): Alcathoe, Leucippe, and Arsippe. When Dionysus came to their 'hood, they just chilled in the house doing chores instead of going out to his revivals. Dionysus, not surprisingly, wasn't happy, and didhis common crossdressing act to visit them and try to persuade them to come out and party. But the daughters laughed at her, and so Dionysus did this whole series of quick changes into various animals and made the girls insane and started liking the god. They even wanted to sacrifice something to him, so they drew straws, and Leucippe got the short one, and ended up giving up her son, Hippasus, to get ripped up in the god's name. They roamed the hills until they died, either as women, birds, or bats, and that area celebrates a festival in remembrance of why we should all like Dionysus and not laugh at strangers.
Misme
So Misme was an Eleusinian woman (that should tell you which goddess this will deal with) who encountered Demeter while she was wandering and looking for Persephone . She offered the goddess (without knowing she was a goddess) a cup of water with grain and mint, which Demeter, who'd been traveling forever, drained in a single shot. Misme's son, Ascalabus, started making fun of the old woman, which was not the best idea. Demeter, who was in a TERRIBLE mood from the loss of her daughter, sprinkled the drops left in the bottom on the boy's head and turned him into a lizard. Poor Misme was only trying to help ...
Nausicaa
The daughter of Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians and his consort, Arete. When Odysseus shipwrecked on Alcinous' island, Scheria, he was found by Nausicaa. She received him with elegance and great hospitality and brought him to her father's palace. She is one of the most charming figures in the Odyssey . To read about her in the context of the story, you can check out the short version of the Odyssey in the Myth Pages . The picture on the right is a painting of Nausicaa by Frederic Lord Leighton.
Niobe
The first time I heard her story I didn't pity her at all - which is really harsh. Niobe was the Queen of Thebes, but she wasn't very smart and she was very very proud of her children, so one day she made the mistake of going around and telling everyone that she had 14 kids, and hey! wasn't that better than Leto . After all, Leto only had two. (Which happened to be Artemis and Apollo.) Artemis and Apollo, when they heard, were enraged and flew down to the home of Niobe and Amphion (her husband). Apollo killed all of the seven sons, and Artemis killed all seven daughters (save Chloris, the youngest daugher, but I don't know that part of the story yet). Anyway, Niobe was inconsolable, and she fled to Mt. Siplyon where she sobbed and sobbed. Eventually the Gods turned her into a stone (out of annoyance or pity) but she continued to cry. Her statue cries still today (no joke). This story, in better form, will be appearing on the Myth page.
Nyctimene
Nyctimene was gorgeous, like, totally a Miss. Lesbos and Ethiopia. Actually she really was, since her Daddy was king of those places, but the thing is that she was such a hotty that Dad wanted in and seduced her. After the deed was done, Nyctimene felt unbelievably ashamed and went and hid deep in the woods. Happily, Athena eventually took pity on her and changed her into a nocturnal owl.
Oeno
Oeno was one of the three Oenotropae , or daughters of Anius, sister of Spermo and Elais . Oeno could turn anything she touched into wine. She and her sisters were captured by the Greek forces on their way to the Trojan War, but Dionysus turned the sisters into doves so they could escape.
Oenone
The name, Oenone, means the "Queen of Wine." She is a tragic character in mythology. She was married to Paris when he abandoned her and went off to marry Helen of Troy . This obviously sucked for Oenone. Later, in the Trojan War, when Paris was mortally wounded, she was the only one who could cure him. In her bitterness she refused. Later, as his condition worsened, she consented and came. But it was too late, and Paris died. In her sorrow, she killed herself.
The Oenotropae
They were the three daughters of Anius: Oeno , Spermo and Elais . The three girls had the power to turn anything into wine, grain seed, and oil (respectively). Their name came from the Greek oinotropai, which means something like "they who change wine". The sisters were captured by the Greek forces on their way to the Trojan War, but Dionysus turned the sisters into doves so they could escape.
Omphale
Omphale was the Queen of Libya and when Heracles was atoning for his sins (killing this dude Iphitus - not his wife and sons, that was another penance) Omphale was who he worked for. She bought the "hero" as a slave and put him to work weaving, spinning and carding - but this seems like it was just meant to humiliate him in addition to his role as a sex slave. Whenever he made mistakes (which, not really understanding the weaving process, he probably made plenty of) she beat him with a golden sandal. He was with her at least four years because she had four children by him (Agelaus, Lamius, Maleus, Tyrrheneus). While he was there he played St. Patrick and got rid of all the snakes in Lydia as well as some pesky gnomes (Cercopes). Each of her sons did minorly historical things, but Omphale's relationship to Heracles is by far the most interesting and useful to those of us interested in imagining a complete Ancient Greek world.
Pandareides
We're talking about the daughters of Pandareos, a guy who stole a golden dog from Zeus. They were Cameira and Clytie (other possible names include Cleothera, Cleodora, or Merope), and when their parents were killed in punishment for their crime, the big name goddesses on Olympus stepped up to help out the orphan girls. Hera made them all beautiful and wise, Artemis gave them stature (dignity and possibly a couple extra inches of height), Athena gave them artsy skills, and finally Aphrodite took them off to get married, but then some Harpies swooped down out of the blue and handed them off to the Furies . Kind of bizarre, but that's how it goes!
Pandora
Pandora is a woman who was made by all of the Gods, and given a box that she was instructed not to open. But, the Gods also installed curiosity in the poor girl, and once she was placed on Earth, what could she do but open the box. All at once all of these nasties flew out and started plaguing mankind. Luckily she closed the box in time to keep Hope in there, who would have perished against such odds. After the great flood brought by Zeus, the nasties laid off a little more. That totally awesome painting of Pandora was made by the fabulous John William Waterhouse, but there are more of her in the Gallery . A somewhat more extended version of this story can be found in the Myth Pages .
Pasiphae
Pasiphae was the daughter of Perse and Helius and the wife of King Minos (therefore, she was Queen of Crete). Minos insulted Poseidon this one time, and Poseidon made Pasiphae fall in love with a bull. So Pasiphae, in love with this bull, got this great inventor/builder named Daedalus to build her a wooden cow she could crawl inside, and through it, mate with the bull. Through this, she became the mother of the monster the Minotaur. She was also the mother of Glaucus, Andogeus, Phaedra , and Ariadne by her husband, Minos.
Pelopeia
Hyginus tells this woman's story. She was the daughter of this guy named Thyestes, who had a twin brother named Atreus. Atreus and Thyestes really hated each other ever since Thyestes slept with Atreus' wife. Atreus then tricked Thyestes into eating his own children. Thyestes couldn't think of a response worse than that so he went and got advice from an oracle. The oracle basically said that only the son born of Thyestes and his OWN DAUGHTER (Pelopeia) could take revenge on Atreus. So, he disguised himself and raped his daughter one night. No one knew, but she managed to steal his sword without his knowledge. Later, when Atreus married Pelopeia (apparently without realizing she was Thyestes' daughter) they brought Thyestes in (planning to kill him) and Thyestes asked Aegisthus (son of Pelopeia who had been given the sword by her) about the sword. Pelopeia was called in and she figured out what had happened and, after explaining how Aegisthus was conceived, asked to take a look at the sword. Once she had it she stabbed herself and died. Aegisthus ends up being a real jerkoff and you can find more about him in the story of Clytemnestra .
Penelope
Penelope was the wife of Odysseus, and a good wife at that. You should already know about her because EVERYONE should know the Odyssey, but I guess it's okay if you don't. One story about her is that while Odysseus was away (yes, he was being kept away by Calypso and some other gods) everyone thought Odysseus was dead, and were trying to get Penelope to remarry. Well now, she didn't think Odysseus was dead, but she wasn't certain. What she WAS certain of, was that she didn't want to remarry. So, to fool everyone, she said she would marry when she finished making a funeral shroud for her aging father-in-law (Laertes). But she tricked everyone because she would weave it all day, and then unravel her weaving all night. When Odysseus was an old man and was unwittingly killed by his stepson, Telegonus, Penelope married Telegonus. You want more? You sure? Well, it just so happens I wrote a nice long series about her and the big name Goddesses , especially Athena . She is fascinating and Homer's treatment of her is not superficial (I don't think). I lurves her. The painting on the left is John Waterhouse's "Penelope and Her Suitors".
Perigune
She was the daughter of a robber named Sinis (Sinis used to kill his victims by bending down two trees and tying their arms to one tree and their legs to another, Theseus killed him the same way). So when Theseus killed her dad, he took her as a concubine. She bore him a son named Melanippus.
Pero
Pero was the stunningly beautiful daughter of Chloris and Neleus (King of Pylos). Neleus wasn't exactly a nice guy, but when Melampus cured his son of a fatal illness, he agreed to give him 2/3 of his kingdom, and apparently Pero was a part of the deal. Melampus gave 1/3 of the kingdom (and Pero) to his brother, Bias. So that's who Pero ended up with.
Phaedra
She was not a nice person. She was the daughter of King Minos, and the second wife of Theseus. She fell in love with her stepson, Hippolytus, and because he would not have her, killed herself. She made it look like it was because Hippolytus had raped her. Theseus saw this and cursed his son, who died soon afterward.
Philomela
The story of Philomela and her sister Procne is another tragedy stemming from the unbreakable love the two shared. Their story is written in the Myth Pages , and you should definitely check it out. It's an incredible story, but it is also full of violence and horror, so don't read it unless you are ready to feel slightly sick. Although I will not attempt to tell the story here as well, you should know that after her ordeal, which involved having her tongue cut out, she was turned (through the pity of the gods) into a swallow.
Phyllis
Phyllis was a Thracian princess who had a crush on a boy - well, that's not fair, it wasn't a crush - they were in love. The boy's name was Demophon, and he was a son of Theseus. They were in the middle of their love affair when the Trojan War commenced, and Demophon went off to join the effort. After the war was over, Demophon started home - but his boat sprung a leak so the voyage was delayed. But Phyllis couldn't know that. She waited for him by the shore day after day, but after nine months she died of sorrow in a place named Enneodos. Athena took pity on her and changed her into an almond tree. When Demophon came home, he hugged the tree (feeling her presence, or just being a hippy), and the tree burst into flowering blooms instead of leaves. Every year the Athenians dance in Phyllis' honor. The name "Phyllis" means "leafy." She is associated with Rhea . The painting is called The Tree of Forgiveness, by Edward Burne-Jones.
Polymede
Polymede was the daughter Autolycus (a famous thief) and Neaera and was the mother of Jason. Thing was, she thought that her uncle would kill the baby, so she got some girlfriends together and they cried over him like he was stillborn, then they sent him off to Chiron the centaur. She didn't see him for 20 years, and then he disappeared with the Argonauts at the evil uncle's decree. At the end of her life that uncle of her's came after her and killed her husband and her new baby, but she got away from his soldiers and ran to Pelias' throne (Pelias=her uncle) and cursed him and killed herself. That's like a totally serious curse and pretty impossible to get off you. And, true to form, Pelias died in a very nasty way at the hands of Medea .
Polyxena
Polyxena means "many strangers", and is a good name for this girl, because that was her downfall. Polyxena was the daughter of King Priam during the Trojan War. Achilles fell in love with her, and Priam offered her hand in marriage if Achilles would make the Greek army talk peace. Achilles agreed, but when he came to the temple of Apollo unarmed to talk, Priam's sons ambushed him and shot him in the heel, killing him. After Troy lost the war, Achilles' ghost returned and demanded to have Polyxena sacrificed to him. Achilles' son, Neoptolemus, dragged Polyxena to the altar and ruthlessly slayed her right there.
Procne
The story of Procne and her sister Philomela is another tragedy stemming from the unbreakable love the two shared. Their story is written in the Myth Pages , and you should definitely check it out. It's an incredible story, but it is also full of violence and horror, so don't read it unless you are ready to feel slightly sick.
Procris
The story of Procris and Cephalus (her husband) is one of the true tragedies of Greek Mythology. The story is written in the Myth Pages , but summarized, Procris heard her husband calling out to "Aura" and praising her name while he was supposed to be hunting. She got jealous and followed him, but Cephalus thought she was a beast stalking him and shot her. Cephalus heard her cry and ran to her side where Procris begged him not to let Aura into their bedroom. Poor Cephalus realized too late what had happened and explained he had been calling for a breeze (aura is Greek for breeze), and Procris smiled with relief. But even her happiness and Cephalus' love couldn't save her. She died in his arms moments later. There is a whole other part of this story, but it is too long to write here (though VERY cool), so check it out in the Myth Pages
Pyrene
Yet another example that Heracles wasn't all sweetness and light: Pyrene was raped by Heracles, and from that violence bore a snake. She was terrified at what she had given birth to, and fled into the mountains where she was devoured by wild animals. The mountains are called the Pyrenees today.
Rhodopis
Rhodopis was a favorite of Artemis (obviously, this meant she was a virgin ). Aphrodite, apparently just being a competitive bitch, found a nice Ephesian boy who had also vowed chastity and arranged for them to both find each other during a hunt, then Eros shot them with his love-arrows. Boom! They threw down their bows and arrows and found a cave to do the horizontal boar-hunt. Artemis turned the girl into a spring on the spot where she broke her vow of chastity, but it seems like the nice young lad got away scot free. The spring, which I imagine kept her name, became a place for parents to test their daughters' virginity. The girls had to stand in the water with a tablet that said "I'm a virgin" written on it, if it turned out that they were sexually active, the water supposedly rose from knee-height to cover the tablet on their chests. This is definitely the kind of test I approve of.
Rhoeo
Rhoeo slept with Apollo and got pregnant. (Of course she got pregnant, gods are super-virile.) When she told her dad everything, despite the fact that he was the son of Ariadne and the god Dionysus, he didn't believe that the baby's daddy was really a god. He put her in a floating chest and cast her into the sea, but she floated over to Delos (Apollo's sacred birthplace) and had the baby there. Apollo gave the baby the gift of prophesy and looked out for Rhoeo. She later married a mortal and lived happily ever after. A different version of the story has Rhoeo and her sister Molpadia competing for the affection of their dad's guest-friend (dad was apparently down with this affair, wanting male heirs). But when her sister got the dude, Rhoeo tracked down Zeus and seduced him! Then, as before, dad got pissed and the story finished the same as the first one.
Sappho
Sappho is not a possible character of mythology. She was a renowned poet, whose writing was so beautiful that Plato referred to her as the Tenth Muse . Some peg Alcaeus as her lover. Others give the honor to Phaon (a young boatman who didn't return her love), for whom she leapt into the sea in sadness. She had a daughter named Cleis, and taught a group of young women the art of poetry. She was devotedly attached to them and wrote their bridal odes for them when they left her to get married. Looking back on the group, later writers accused Sappho of vice and immorality, and it was from this that the terms for female homosexuality, "lesbianism" and "sapphism", came into being. The painting at left is by Charles August-Mengin.
Scylla
Scylla was the daughter of King Nisus of Megara. When Minos attacked Megara, Scylla fell madly in love with him. She knew Minos could not win, because her father had a magical power on his side (coming from a lock of purple hair on his head). She promised to deliver Megara to Minos, and cut the purple lock off her father's head and gave it to him. Minos took the lock, but despised Scylla for betraying her father. Scylla threw herself into the sea in despair. Some stories say that she was changed into a lark and her father into a hawk.
Semele
Semele was a Princess. One day Zeus came to her and the two made love. She became pregnant with a son, Dionysus, but jealous Hera ended up getting rid of her before she could have the baby. Zeus saved it and sewed it into his leg from which it was born. She was killed when she made Zeus swear (because of Hera) to show himself in all of his glory. He could not break his oath, so he did, and she was burned to a crisp. Bye-bye human-girl!
Semiramis
Semiramis is really cool because she was realistic. Her birth was a little out there (she was said to be the daughter of the goddess Derceto who abandoned her in a field as a baby after killing her father. Little Semiramis was raised by doves who stole food for her from nearby shepherds). Eventually, probably because of her great beauty, she was married to a king's adviser, Onnes. She gave him lots of great advice and when he took her with him on a battle campaign, and she supplied the battle plan that won the war, even the King recognized her wisdom. So this King (Ninus) offered Onnes, his own daughter, in a "trade." Onnes refused, but when Ninus threatened to blind him, Onnes committed suicide and Ninus married Semiramis anyway. She continued to give great advice until she died, and is credited by some with the "Hanging Gardens." Her name means "raised by doves."
Sibyls
The Sibyls were ten women who had the gift of prophesy. They were each named according to the place they were from, and the most famous was the Cumaean, who Aeneas talked to before heading down to visit Hades. Some count Cassandra as one of them, but she wasn't really. After a long time there was a body of literature that purported to collect all the prophesies of the Sibyls called the Sibylline books. There's a story that the Cumaean Sibyl offered the nine books to the Roman Emperor Tarquinius, and he turned her down cuz her price was too high, so she burned three and offered what was left at the same price. Tarquinius said no again, and she burned three more. Finally, he bought the last three at the jacked up price, and they were a big deal in Rome for a really long time. But wait, I hear you Latin and Roman scholars asking, how could the Cumaean Sibyl live to offer those books to Tarquinius if she also helped out Aeneas? The answer to that is she lived, they say, about a thousand years. But, wait, wasn't she human? Yep, but when she was dedicated to Apollo as a kid, she got a really good deal, and she would have stayed looking young, too, if she'd slept with Apollo - but she turned him down (I'm impressed). She eventually died when she touched the clay of a seal that had earth from the country she wasn't allowed to go back to. Enough about her. On the right is a painting by Edward Burne-Jones of the above described Cumaean Sibyl.
Side
Side is one of those women who life just isn't fair to. She didn't do anything wrong. She said nothing to offend anyone. She was simply the unbelievably beautiful wife of Orion . Why her life was ended so abruptly is just not right. Hera saw her, and was having a bad hair day or something, and threw poor Siden into the Underworld for daring to rival her in beauty. That's it. That is a pretty raw deal. There were other unfortunate women named Side as well, one of whom committed suicide on her mom's grave cuz her dad kept trying to sleep with her. Yuck. A pomegranate tree grew from her blood, and her pops turned into a kite (not the toy, the bird!).
Sidero
Sidero was the wife of Salmoneus and the cruel stepmother of Tyro . She seriously mistreated Tyro , and so when Tyro 's two sons, Pelias and Neleus, grew up, they hunted Sidero down. Sidero ran all the way to the Temple of Hera , but Pelias went in and speared her anyway (gaining the undying hatred of Hera ).
Smyrna
Smyrna was also known as Myrrha . There was this King of Cyrus named Cinyras who boasted that his daughter, Smyrna, was more beautiful than Aphrodite . Aphrodite was very pissed, and made Smyrna fall in love with her father. One night, Smyrna got her dad (Cinyras) drunk, and slept with him and got pregnant. When Cinyras realized what he and she had done, he chased her out of the palace at swordpoint. Aphrodite transformed Smyrna into a myrrh tree just as Cinyras caught her and split her in half. From the split came their baby, Adonis (yeah, you should recognize that name), with whom Aphrodite eventually fell in love.
Spermo
Spermo was one of the three Oenotropae , or daughters of Anius, sister of Oeno and Elais . Spermo could turn anything she touched into corn, or grain seed. She and her sisters were captured by the Greek forces on their way to the Trojan War, but Dionysus turned the sisters into doves so they could escape.
Stheneboea
Stheneboea was the wife of King Proteus (of Argos), who was visted by Bellerophon in his search for purity. She fell in love with Bellerophon, but when he renounced her advances, she got pissed and told Proteus that Bellerophon had raped her. Proteus was really angry, but he couldn't bring himself to kill Bellerophon. It was the beginning of Bellerophon's heroic journey, during which he conquered the Chimaera , the Solymi, and the Amazons . When, in the end, Bellerophon returned again, Stheneboea tried to escape on the back of Pegasus (the flying horse born from Medusa's body that made Bellerophon so cool in the first place). Pegasus wasn't too peachy about that, and dumped Stheneboea into the sea where she died. Stheneboea is also called Anteia .
Teiresias
If you've heard of "her" it will surprise you to find her on this website, or at least outside of the Men's section . That's because Teiresias was born a man and lived a man and died a man. But (there's always a but), he also lived a couple of serious stints as a woman. Teiresias was the most well known wise man of ancient Greek mythology, advising kings and even goddesses. In fact, it was his ruling of "most beautiful" in favor of the goddess Kale that earned him one stint of femininity, as punishment, from Aphrodite , who wasn't happy about losing. Another time it was Hera who made him a woman after she got mad at him for hitting a pair of mating snakes with a stick. That time (s)he became a priestess of Hera and got married and had babies! Afterwards, when he saw two snakes having sex again, he made the right choice and was turned back. When the goddess asked him which gender enjoyed sex more, he said it was 10 times better for women! This really pissed her off, so she made him blind, but Zeus gave him lifetimes to live and the gift of prophesy. Another version says that both the blindness and the gift of prophesy were given by Athena who he accidentally saw bathing. So! That's the story of the woman!
Theano
Theano was Telecleia's daughter (with Cisseus) and therefore the sister of Hecuba , but instead of marrying a king, she married this Trojan dude named Antenor who was all rah-rah about Greeks during the Trojan War (he shows up a few times in the Iliad, among other places). In addition to marrying a liberal, she was a priestess of Athena, and was way cool. She had a ridiculous number of children - most of whom died in the Trojan War - but because of her husband's work, when Troy lost, the Greeks spared the rest of the kids and Theano. There were some other chicks named Theano, too, but they weren't terribly important, except maybe for the Danaid named Theano who married and subsequantly killed Phantes. Anyone who has this name is cool.
Themisto
Themisto was the jealous second wife of Athamas. When Athamas returned to his first wife, Ino , Themisto tried to kill Ino 's children. One night she dressed Ino 's children in black and her own children in white, but Ino switched the clothes, and Themisto killed her own children. This story is incongruent with the other stories of Ino and Athamas, which focus on Ino as the second wife and the jealous first wife as Nephele .
Theophane
Theophane was a beautiful maiden who had many many suitors. This, of course, attracted Poseidon, who turned Theophane into a ewe to hide her from the suitors. In this form, he "made love" to her, and from this union was born the ram with the Golden Fleece.
Thisbe
Thisbe was one half of the famous "Pyramus and Thisbe" duo featured in myths starting with Ovid's Metamorphoses on to Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and, more recently, the American musical The Fantastiks. Thisbe, you see, was this Babylonian hottie who had a boyfriend living next door. But back then, they were more about virginity and then marriage with someone you'd never spoken to, so both their parents forbid it. On the up side, there was a hole in the wall separating their gardens that they were always talking through. So anyway, one day they arranged to meet at this tomb (now, I don't know what they were expecting meeting at a dead dude's house). So Thisbe got there first, and then this lioness dragged up an ox she was eating and Thisbe totally wigged out and booked out. Of course, she also dropped her scarf, which the lioness nuzzled. To make a long story short, Pyramus came, saw the bloody scarf, assumed Thisbe was dead and killed himself, and then Thisbe killed herself, and the mulberry tree they had met beneath was stained from white to red by their blood. The painting at right is another of John Waterhouse's masterpieces.
Tyro
Tyro was the beautiful daughter of Salmoneus who was violated by her uncle Sisyphus, who wanted revenge on his brother. Tyro killed the two sons from this union. Later, she married Cretheus (another of her uncles), but she was in love with Enipeus, the patron god of the river. Poseidon really dug Tyro, so he transformed himself to look like Enipeus, and made love to her. Tyro bore two sons, Pelias and Neleus, from that union, and in desperation, tried to expose them on a mountain. Luckily a housekeeper found and raised them. The two grew up and killed Tyro's stepmother ( Sidero ), because they knew she had been cruel to Tyro. Another one of her uncles was Athamas (check out Ino for more).
Xenodike
Xenodike was the daughter of Minos and Pasiphae and the sister of Phaedra and Ariadne . Her name means "justice to strangers," but beyond that I know nothing about her.
| i don't know |
Andre Breton, Max Ernst, Yves Tanguy, Andre Masson were amongst the leading exponents of which style of painting founded in 1924? | Surrealism Art Movement
For a discussion of the types,
values, and significance of the
visual arts, see: Definition of Art .
What is Surrealism? - Characteristics
Surrealism was "the" fashionable art movement of the inter-war years, and the last major art movement to be associated with the Ecole de Paris , from where it spread across Europe, becoming one of the most influential schools or styles of avant-garde art . Its name derived from the phrase Drame surrealiste, the sub-title of a 1917 play by the writer and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918). Surrealism evolved out of the nihilistic "anti-art" Dada movement, most of whose members became surrealists. However, while every bit as "revolutionery" as Dada, Surrealism was less overtly political and advocated a more positive philosophy - summed up by André Breton as "thought expressed in the absense of any control exerted by reason, and outside all moral and aesthetic considerations."
Initially, the main focus of the movement was literature but this rapidly broadened to encompass painting, sculpture and other forms of contemporary visual art. Surrealist artists aimed to generate an entirely new set of imagery by liberating the creative power of the unconscious mind.
The Listening Room (1933)
For more about the evolution
of oils, acrylics, watercolours
and other types of paintings,
as well as famous artists, see:
Lobster Telephone (1936)
Salvador Dali.
All sorts of techniques and phenomena were employed to achieve this subconscious creativity, including dreams, hallucinations, automatic or random image generation - basically anything that circumvented the usual "rational" thought processes involved in creating works of art. (For more, please see Automatism in Art .) The rational approach (reflecting outdated bourgeois values) was rejected by surrealist theorists as fundamentally reactionary, untruthful and highly limiting.
Not surprisingly, in its attempt to produce works of art untainted by bourgeois rationalism, Surrealism was responsible for a host of incredibly innovative but often bizarre, and sometimes unintelligible compositions. Nonetheless, despite its absurdist features, Surrealism was (and continues to be) highly appealing both to artists and the public. Indeed, in its iconic pictures and its impact on modern art, Surrealism has established itself as one of the 20th century's most enduring movements.
Detail from Salvador Dali's work
The Persistence of Memory (1931)
showing his "melting" watches.
and contributed greatly to Dali's
reputation as the leading surrealist.
Who Founded Surrealism?
The writer Andre Breton (1896-1966), nicknamed "the Pope of Surrealism", was the movement's founder and chief theorist. He introduced and defined the new style in his initial 1924 manifesto (Manifeste du Surrealisme) and later in his painting bulletin (Surrealisme et la Peinture). An ex-Dadaist, Breton deplored the nihilistic and destructive character of Dada, nevertheless he built on many Dada ideas to create a movement with a coherent though doctrinaire philosophy, from which he tolerated no deviation, expelling rebellious members as he saw fit. Breton's overall aim was in fact highly revolutionery. He aimed at nothing less than a total transformation of the way people thought. By breaking down the barriers between their inner and outer worlds, and changing the way they perceived reality, he intended to liberate the unconscious, reconcile it with the conscious, and free mankind from the bourgeois shackles of logic and reason which thus far had led only to war and domination.
Object (1936) - Also known as
Fur-Covered Cup, Saucer, Spoon.
Museum of Modern Art, New York.
By Meret Oppenheim.
For information about 3-D art
and famous sculptors, see:
Sculpture Art .
Other Leading Exponents
Several leading Paris surrealists were former Dadaists, such as Max Ernst (1891-1976), Man Ray (18901976), Francis Picabia (1879-1953), and Jean Arp (1887-1966), but the movement fostered its own famous painters , like Joan Miro (1893-1983), Rene Magritte (1898-1967)** and Salvador Dali (1904-89). Other important figures included Antonin Artaud (1896-1948), Paul Delvaux (1897-1994)**, Andre Masson (1896-1987), Yves Tanguy (1900-55), Pierre Roy (1880-1950), and Maurits Escher (1898-1972),** as well as Tristan Tzara (1896-1963), the film-maker Luis Bunuel (1900-83), Alberto Giacometti (1901-66), Robert Matta (1911-2002), Russell Drysdale (1912-81), and Hans Bellmer (1902-75).
Other 20th century painters who were claimed for Surrealism whether they liked it or not, such as Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)**, Marc Chagall (1887-1985)** and Paul Klee (1879-1940)**. Leading American surrealists included: Frederick Kiesler (1896-1965), Enrico Donati (1909-2006), Arshile Gorky (1905-48) and Joseph Cornell (1903-73).
[** Not official members of the Surrealist Movement.]
Surrealist Women Artists
Despite the deprecation of women implicit in numerous surrealist works, there were several important female surrealist artists, notably Valentine Hugo (1887-1968), Eileen Agar (1899-1991), Frida Kahlo (1907-1954), Leonor Fini (1908-96), Jacqueline Breton (1910-2003), Dorothea Tanning (b.1910), Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) and Meret Oppenheim (1913-85) and Lenora Carrington (b.1917).
Origins and Influences of Surrealism
The most formative intellectual influence on the philosophy of Surrealism were the theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), the Viennese neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis. Breton and other surrealists were highly impressed with Freud's insights into the unconscious, which they thought would be a major source of untapped pictures and imagery. They used his theories to clear away boundaries between fantasy and reality, and to address a number of disquieting drives as fear, desire and eroticisation.
In their art, surrealists gained inspiration from many different sources. Essentially, they wanted an art to marvel at - something mystical. As far as the European fine art tradition was concerned, they preferred obsession and imaginative eccentricity to rational academic work.
Particular favourites were the detailed fantasies of Hieronymous Bosch (1453-1516); the menacing engravings of prisons by Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778); and the dramatic nightmare pictures of the Swiss symbolist painter Henri Fuseli (1741-1825). Regarding nineteenth century styles, surrealists rejected Impressionism as too naturalistic, preferring Pre-Raphaelite and Symbolist works, such as the nightmarish etchings and offkey paintings by Max Klinger (1857-1920), and the vivid Oceanic primitivism of Paul Gauguin . Breton in particular was impressed with the visionary paintings of the workaholic history painter Gustave Moreau (1828-1898). Cubism was also rejected for being too logical (the exception being Picasso's iconic early Cubist masterpiece Les Demoiselles d'Avignon 1907). Aside from Dada, two other important influences on Surrealism - at least its figurative wing - was the 19th century Symbolism movement, and the Italian school of Metaphysical Painting , originated by Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978).
Symbolism, with its esoteric references and hidden or unconscious meanings, was an important source of imagery and forms. Rene Magritte's works have even been described as "Symbolism + Freud". Meanwhile Chirico's unsettling compositions of deserted Italianate squares (eg. "The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street", 1914) with exaggerated perspectives, irrational shadow, wrongly-sized objects/people, contained an air of unfathomable menace. According to Breton who greatly admired him, Chirico was considered to be a major precursor of Surrealism. But the most important and most immediate influence on the movement was Dada: for its anti-aesthetic approach, its determination to shatter the prevailing bourgeois traditions of art, and its innovative techniques.
NOTE: For other important historical artistic trends like Surrealism, see Art Movements and Schools (from about 100 BCE).
History of the Surrealism Movement
In brief, Surrealism sprang up in Paris and became embedded in the avant-garde art world (of which Paris was still the world centre). During the 1930s, some adherents left the movement, while others joined. Then, during the war, many members fled to America where they had a significant impact on US contemporary art, before returning to Paris in the late 1940s early 1950s.
Paris
Seeing themselves as revolutionaries in the spirit of Dada, surrealists were attracted by the liberating philosophies of socialism and communism - with whom they tried unsuccessfully to form an alliance - and by Soviet-style organizational structures. They issued their first manifesto in 1924 and, at the same time, founded a Bureau of surrealist Research, as well as an irreverent, scandalous journal called La Révolution Surréaliste (1924-9). Most of the early discussions, interchanges and pooling of ideas took place in cafes. Although principally literary to begin with, the movement quickly expanded into the visual arts (Breton courted Picasso assiduously, to no avail), and its first painting show - La Peinture Surrealiste - was staged at Gallerie Pierre in 1925. A year later, a new Galerie Surréaliste opened with an exhibition by the photographer Man Ray. The movement continued to thrive in Paris during the late 1920s, becoming the dominant school among the city's avant-garde in all arts disciplines.
Surrealism During the 1930s
The movement burst onto the international stage during the 1930s with major shows in Brussels, Copenhagen, London, New York and Paris. It rapidly became a worldwide popular phenomenon with branches in England, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Egypt, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Romania and Hungary.
The most memorable pictures were produced by Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte, who between them did much to establish the visual style of Surrealism between 1930 and 1935, a style which aimed to explore psychological truth by detaching ordinary objects from their normal context in order to create a compelling image. Dali's melting watches (eg. in "The Persistence of Memory"), along with Yves Tanguy's molten forms and liquid shapes (eg. in "Promontory Palace"), became recognizable trademarks of the new style. Although its philosophical and cerebral aspirations may not have been grasped, its pictorial images captured the public imagination, and its strange juxtapositions, and dream imagery found its way into everything from fine art, photography and film, to high fashion design, to advertising, and applied art (eg. Dali's lobster telephone and Mae West lips sofa; and Méret Oppenheim's fur-covered tea cup). The same desire for glamour and escapism during the 1930s that led to the popularity of Art Deco also drew the public to Surrealism.
The London International Surrealist Exhibition, organised by the art historian Herbert Read in 1936, represented the zenith of Surrealism's reputation and influence. During the same year, New York's Museum of Modern Art hosted a major show entitled "Fantastic Art, Dada and Surrealism". The last great 30s show, the International Surrealist Exhibition (designed by Marcel Duchamp ), was held in 1938, at the Beaux-Arts Gallery in Paris. At the entrance visitors in evening dress were greeted by the sight of Dali's Rainy Taxi (an old cab, rigged to produce a steady drizzle of water down the inside of the windows, containing a figure with a shark's head in the driver's seat and a blond mannequin alive with live snails in the rear). Inside, the lobby was decorated like the interior of a dark cave, with over one thousand bags of coal hanging from the ceiling, lit by a single light bulb. Patrons had to be given flashlights to view the exhibits. On the floor was a carpet of dead leaves, and other plant-life. Not surprisingly, visitors were scandalized - much to the glee of the organizers.
Surrealism During World War Two
By 1939, many of the major surrealists, including Andre Breton, Max Ernst and Andre Masson, were in the United States. Assisted by the American influence and contacts of Marcel Duchamp, during his earlier visits to America, as well as the marriage in 1941 between Max Ernst and the millionairess art collector Peggy Guggenheim , they proved quite influential and acquired new adherents like Dorothea Tanning, Frederick Kiesler, Enrico Donati, Arshile Gorky and Joseph Cornell. And while the dominant American art school of the 1940s was Abstract Expressionism, its early work contains a number of Surrealist (and Dadaist) features. Indeed a good deal of late-modern and contemporary American art (eg. Pop-Art, Assemblage , Installation , Conceptual art , Performance ) was inspired by Surrealism in one way or another.
Surrealism in Britain
British painters had taken Surrealism to heart from 1936, if not before, but especially during the 1940s. The sculptor Henry Moore (1898-1986) took an interest in biomorphic figures, while Lucian Freud (b.1922) the grandson of Surrealism's mentor Sigmund Freud, Francis Bacon and Paul Nash experimented with surrealist techniques. However, its staunchest and most consistent advocate was the British painter Conroy Maddox (1912-2005), who in 1978 commented: "No other movement has had more to say about the human condition."
Post-War Surrealism
Although Andre Breton's return to Paris after the war triggered a new phase of surrealist activity, the exceptionally depressing mood of post-war France was not receptive to whimsy or satire. Instead, Breton found the movement under attack from former members such as Tristan Tzara and the new leader of the avant-garde, the philosopher Jean Paul Sartre, who damned it for its stupid optimism. Despite this, major surrealist exhibitions were held in Paris in 1947 and 1959, and surrealist ideas and techniques made their mark on many of the post-war art movements. For a South American artist influenced by the movement, see Fernando Botero (b.1932). For a Canadian painter whose work borrows from the Surrealist canon, see the Magic Realist Alex Colville (b.1920).
Pop Art was another spin-off from Surrealism. See for instance the satirical gigantic object-sculptures of Claes Oldenburg (b.1929) which clearly echo the works of Rene Magritte.
End of Surrealism
There is no clear agreement between art critics or historians about the end of Surrealism. Some art experts consider that it disbanded after the war; others cite the death of André Breton in 1966 (or that of Salvador Dali in 1989) as marking the end of Surrealism as an organized movement. Whatever about its demise, Surrealism as a style was (and still is) immensely popular with the art public. Recent exhibitions of Surrealism have been hosted in New York City by The Guggenheim Museum and The Met (1999, 2002), while in 2001 the Tate Modern in London held an exhibition of surrealist art that drew 170,000 visitors. This was followed in Europe by a packed show - "La Révolution Surréaliste" - at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
Surrealist Art Styles: Figuration and Abstraction
There were two main trends within Surrealism. One was representational : dependent on figuration, on the precise reproduction of natural forms - generally detached, dislocated, juxtaposed, transposed, or mutated far from real-life situations. The second style of Surrealism was abstract , based on imagery without specific reference to natural shapes, and was largely dependent on forms generated by the unconscious.
Figurative Surrealism
The figurative or representational style of Surrealism (Veristic) appears at its most successful in the work of Magritte, Dali and Delvaux, and in the work of certain other artists who in their variety and achievement escape categorization in any one mode. Picasso was one, Ernst was another, and Arp yet another, and in the 1930s and 1940s Giacometti and Moore (1898-1986). In addition, note that this style of surrealist painting had been anticipated by the French symbolist Odilon Redon (1840-1916).
Rene Magritte
The most outstanding figurative surrealist was the Belgian Rene Magritte, who specialized in academic, naturalistic, but illusionistic pictures. Apart from a brief stay near Paris in 1927-30, when he met Breton and exhibited with the surrealists, Magritte spent a discreet and industrious life in Brussels, painting the impossible with calm, confident conviction. He was the most dazzling disappointer of conventional expectations, exploiting astonishing discrepancies of scale (an apple fills a room; a train bursts through a giant fireplace); and defying the laws of gravity. His unique effect is heightened by his use of everyday objects. For example, the hero of many of his later pictures is the man in urban uniform - coat, bowler hat, sometimes a brief-case - as expressionless as a tailor's dummy. The ambiguity of the object versus its painted image is stressed constantly - a faithful likeness of a pipe, inscribed "This is not a pipe". His most famous surrealist paintings include "La Condition Humaine" (1933) and "The Red Model" (1935).
Salvador Dali
In contrast to the publicity surrounding other artists, the quietness of Magritte's method meant that initially his achievement was undervalued. Instead, public attention was concentrated on the frenetic activities of the Spaniard Salvador Dali, provocateur-in-chief of the bourgeoisie from his first association with Parisian Surrealism in 1927. Ironically, like Magritte, Dali's painterly technique was one of 19th century academic naturalism, applied to un-real subjects as if they were real. He worked in many media, in writing, painting, jewellery design , film (with Luis Bunuel) - but perhaps above all in his own fantastically moustachioed person, in a spectacular public career often virtually like show business - a giant egocentricity powered by an energetic paranoia. His relations with official Surrealism, at first euphoric, later became strained. Famous surrealist works by Dali include: "The Persistence of Memory" (1931) and "Soft Construction with Boiled Beans" (1936), among many others.
Paul Delvaux
Another Belgian, Paul Delvaux , was a slightly narrower talent, but one that introduced an enduringly mysterious note into the range of surrealist imagery. In his haunting paintings he presents a world of lonely alienation: suburbs of desolation haunted by trains and trams, peopled by silent waiting women who prove on closer inspection to be all identical - perhaps the most intense realization of dream or nightmare achieved by any surrealist. However, he was not officially associated with the movement; nor was Maurits Escher (1898-1972), a Dutchman whose best-known works are his brilliantly calculated drawings - games with perspective, presenting with great precision quite different images interpenetrating with such ambiguity that the eye cannot establish where one begins and the other ends.
Francis Bacon
The Irish artist Francis Bacon (1909-92) must be considered one of the top contemporary exponents of figurative Surrealism, although interviews reveal that his complex repertoire of human forms represented his conscious attempt to create a new kind of figurative narration in tune with modern filmic imagery as well as his view of the age of alienation through which he was living.
Was Figurative Surrealism Unconscious? If Not, Was it Surrealistic?
Given that these representational works required meticulous "rational" thought, one would have thought that they fell outside the definition of surrealist art as the product of unconscious thought. Not so, apparently. Figurative works were permitted (by Breton and other theorists) as long as they questioned the normal "rational" reality. Thus Magritte's academic style work was considered surrealist due to its bizarre juxtapositions which stood reality on its head and presented a new surreality. Dali's works also passed muster because they were created (according to Dali) in a semi-hallucinatory state which he named critical paranoia. "I would awake at sunrise and, without washing or dressing, sit down before the easel... my eyes staring fixedly, trying to "see" like a medium the images that would spring up in my imagination. When I saw these images exactly situated in the painting, I would paint them on the spot, immediately." Dali's imagery, like his melting watches and his bizarre half-human figures have made him the most celebrated of all surrealist painters. Even so, in 1937, when he switched to a more regular academic style, Breton expelled him from the movement. On balance, one can say that surrealist art inclded even highly representational work, provided that it illustrated the limitations of a reason-based reality.
Abstract Surrealism
In brief, surrealist abstraction rejected geometric shapes in favour of the visual and emotional impact of organic forms of nature: either actual (Jean Arp, Andre Masson, Joan Miro) or imagined (Yves Tanguy, Robert Matta).
The non-representational arm of Surrealism was no less vigorous. The work especially of Jean Arp was more often non-figurative than not, but the major artists most consistently independent of natural phenomena were the Spaniard Joan Miro (1893-1983) and the Frenchman Andre Masson (1896-1987), who had studios side by side in Paris and who both joined Breton's surrealist group at its launch in 1924. For a spell both artists experimented freely with "automatic" drawings, the visual counterpart of the crucial "non-technique" of surrealist irrationalism, "automatic" writing. (Its aim was to allow the free association needed to create an absolutely spontaneous expression.) But both artists found that geometric abstraction - whether in the rigid doctrinaire Cubist theories of Gleizes, or the austere geometric reductions of Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) - was sterile and inadequate to their needs.
Andre Masson
The French painter Andre Masson was permanently affected by his appalling experiences in World War I; he was obsessed by the domination of the rule of tooth and claw in all life, animal or human, and his work is a release of the violence of base instincts, as illustrated by "Battle of Fishes" (1926). Masson was himself a violent man, who often physically attacked canvases he thought were unsatisfactory. In 1926 he began exploiting "chance" as part of his technique: he would scatter sand over canvases previously spread (randomly) with glue, and then, very fast, orchestrate their random configurations into loose patterns of art. The images that appeared could be brutal; as they gradually became more specific, horrific creatures emerged. Three years later, he withdrew from the official surrealist movement, and his work of the 1930s became less intense and less successful. However, in America during World War II, he reverted to his earlier automatist techniques, and his work of these years influenced the subsequent emergence of the Abstract Expressionist school.
Joan Miro
The prolific, versatile, genial and also generally the most optimistic of the creative practitioners of abstract Surrealism, was the Spanish painter and sculptor Joan Miro, though he himself has always dismissed suggestions that his work was abstract. In his eyes, each of his fantastic forms always signified a real object. He was, like Picasso and Dali, one of that brilliant breed of new Spanish artists who arrived in Paris in the early twentieth century but, unlike Picasso, he returned constantly from Parisian turmoil to his native country. At the end of World War I, he was working in a style of meticulous realism, from which the development of his mature style emerged almost abruptly about 1924, like a butterfly from its chrysalis, largely as a result of his surrealist contacts. If, as some art critics have alleged, there are any sinister undertones in his work, particularly during and after the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), they are more than outweighed by the child-like gaiety that sparkles from his canvases. His abstract images are typically biomorphic, similar to those of Arp, and his fantasy often approaches that of Paul Klee . Unknown but convincingly depicted organisms take shape, defined in clear outline and sharp colours - primary reds, blacks and whites predominate, as illustrated by "Harlequin's Carnival" (1924). In slight contrast, Miro's semi-abstract pictorial imagery is exemplified by his famous work "Dog Barking at the Moon" (1926). Miro claimed that his ideas sprang from "a state of hallucination, provoked by some shock or other, objective or subjective, for which I am entirely irresponsible". Whatever the source, his initial conception is then marshalled by an unerring sense of design, of space and interval, into a strange formal harmony. In Spain during the Second World War, he turned his attention to printmaking , and later to sculpture and especially ceramics . Afterwards he was drawn to monumental works and giant murals like those for the Terrace Hilton Hotel in Cincinnati, and the ceramic walls of the UNESCO building in Paris (1958). A constant innovator, he was willing to investigate the possibilities of any medium, often in collaboration with specialist craftsmen, and the fertility of his vision never slackened in his long career.
Yves Tanguy
The surrealist abstract painter Yves Tanguy evolved and developed (but never escaped from) a style of imaginery landscapes or sea-beds populated by bizarre but compelling half-vegetable, half-animal forms, and amoeba-like organisms previously unknown to science, derived from hallucinations. More and more he developed the contrasts and variety of his textures, so that his pictures might be classed as a kind of metaphysical Dutch still-life painting . Forms grew beneath Tanguy's brush under their own mysterious prompting, so he maintained, rather than by any intervention on his part. Key works by Tanguy include "The Look of Amber" (1929), Promontory Palace (1931) and "The Palace of the Windowed Rocks" (1942).
Jean Arp
The ex-Dadaist Jean Arp, a close friend of Max Ernst, was a participant in the first surrealist exhibition in Paris at Gallerie Pierre in 1925, and a regular contributor to Surrealism until 1930. Known originally for his Dadaist wood-reliefs, cardboard cut-outs and torn paper collages , his surrealist works comprised simple biomorphic shapes sometimes with echoes of primitive art. He also experimented with automatic composition (automatism). In 1930, he joined Cercle et Carré (Circle and Square) a Parisian discussion and exhibition society for (mainly) geometric abstract artists, and in 1931 became a member of the larger Abstraction-Creation group, with whom he began producing his sensuous organic abstract sculptures in marble or bronze. This terminated his rather short involvement with Surrealism. Despite this, he was a forceful personality within both Dada and Surrealism, while his signature style of biomorphic abstraction has had a strong influence on a number of other sculptors, notably Henry Moore.
Surrealist Art Techniques
Surrealists invented a number of techniques to produce random or chance images. A great deal of pioneering work in this area was done by the extraordinary German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet Max Ernst (1891-1976). A man of enormous creativity, Ernst first married an art-historian, then lived with the British-born surrealist painter Leonora Carrington; afterwards married and divorced the art-collector Peggy Guggenheim, before finally marrying another outstanding surrealist artist, Dorothea Tanning. He continued to produce innovative work until his death. His important works include "Forest and Dove" (1927), "La Femme 100 tetes" series (1930s), "The Entire City" (1935), and "Immortel" (1966) a glass chess-game.
Frottage
An early member of both Dada and Surrealism, Ernst invented frottage (1925) - a technique of creating an image by placing a piece of paper over a rough surface, like grainy wood or stone, and rubbing the paper with a pencil or crayon until it acquires an impression of the surface quality of the substance beneath. vsn making an impression of a textured surface by placing a piece of thin material and rubbing it with (eg) a wax crayon - to procure images.
Decalcomania
In addition, Ernst invented decalcomania, a technique in which paint is splashed onto paper, typically with a big brush, then - while still wet - covered with another sheet of paper, and rubbed together. This results in a range of weird forest-like patterns.
Grattage
Ernst also pioneered the technique known as grattage. This involved laying a painted canvas over a textured surface (like wire-mesh or a floorboard) and scraping the paint away to produce an impression.
Collage
Around 1930, Ernst began a series of "collage novels" of which the most famous is "Une Semaine de Bonte" (A Week of Plenty). Cutting up and rearranging Victorian steel engravings, he produced bizzare fantasies out of the safe bourgeois world in which he had grown up.
Drip-Painting
Moving to New York during World War II, Ernst then began working with paint dripped from a swinging can, a method which may well have started Jackson Pollock on his method of action-painting .
Fumage
Another surrealist technique was known as fumage (smoking). Pioneered by Wolfgang Paalen (1907-1959) during the late 1930s, it involved placing a candle under a sheet of paper to form patterns of soot. Moving the candle varied the patterns.
Automatic Drawing
Pioneered by Andre Masson, Joan Miro, and Paul Klee, the technique of automatic drawing involved allowing the line of a pen or other drawing instrument to rove at will without any conscious planning.
Automatic Painting
About 1926, Andre Masson began experimenting by placing sand and glue onto canvas, on which he then applied oil paint and made paintings based around the shapes that formed.
Abstract Expressionist Use of Surrealist Techniques
Although many European surrealists dabbled with several of these random-style "automatic" painting methods, most moved away from automatism by the early 1940s. However, their influence in America (to where many relocated during WWII) was profound. In New York for instance, European surrealists introduced their ideas to key opinion-formers like Leo Steinberg, Clement Greenberg and Peggy Guggenheim, as well as avant-garde artists - known as the New York School - such as Arshile Gorky (1904-48), Jackson Pollock (1912-56), Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Mark Tobey (1890-1976) and Robert Matta (1911-2002). The large-scale "action-painting" abstractions of Pollock in particular, contain a strong element of surrealistic automatism. For more details of this, see: Jackson Pollock's paintings (c.1940-56).
Surrealist Sculpture
Giacometti created masterpieces of surrealist culture such as "Woman With Her Throat Cut" (1932), a bronze construction of a dismembered female corpse and "The Invisible Object" (Hands Holding the Void) (1934). Both portrayed the body of the female as inhuman and dangerous. However, when he returned to a more classical style in the later 1930s, working from life models, he was expelled from the movement. Numerous other sculptors have experimented with surrealist styles, including Pablo Picasso, Henry Moore and the Irish sculptor FE McWilliam .
Surrealist Photography
Man Ray was the first surrealist photographer. One of his best known works being "Enigma of Isadore Ducasse" (1920), now known only in his own photograph of a sewing machine wrapped in a blacket tied with string. He created it in homage to the poet Lautreamont (ie, Isadore Ducasse) whose pithy comment: "as beautiful as the chance meeting of a sewing machine and an umbrella on a dissecting table" became a defining comment on Surrealism's aesthetic philosophy. One of the greatest photographers of his day, highly skilled in darkroom manipulation, close-ups and unexpected juxtapositions, Man Ray worked successfully in the seemingly incompatible worlds of the Parisian avant-garde society and commercial photography. His photographs were published in both specialist and popular periodicals - from Vogue and Vanity Fair to La Surrealisme au service de la Revolution (1930-33) and La Revolution Surrealiste (1924-29). He invented several techniques such as solarization and rayographs, and his sitters included numerous famous artists such as James Joyce, Jean Cocteau and Meret Oppenheim. Other noteworthy exponents of surrealist-style photography included Hans Bellmer (1902-75), Brassai (1899-1984), Jacques-Andre Boiffard (1902-61) and Raoul Ubac (1909-85). See also: Is Photography Art?
Surrealist Film and Cinematography
Luis Bunuel, who worked on several projects with Dali, is probably the most famous surrealist film director, although Man Ray also produced numerous short avant-garde films.
Collections
Key collections of surrealist art are located in the following museums, among others.
Chrysler Museum, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco
Joan Miro Foundation, Barcelona
Salvador Dali Museum, St Petersburg, Florida
Tate Modern, London
The Legacy of Surrealism
The influence of Surrealism as a style of art can be found in a wide variety of modern and contemporary schools - notably, early Abstract Expressionism, Pop-Art and Conceptualism - and permeated nearly all contemporary art forms, including Assemblage, Installation and Performance. In addition, it anticipated many of the major concepts of postmodernist art . For example, some of the concepts of Damien Hirst and other Young British Artists would have fitted perfectly into the avant-garde surrealist idiom of Paris during the 1920s. The latest movement to borrow elements from the Surrealist idiom is Cynical Realism , a Chinese contemporary painting movement - led by Yue Minjun (b.1962) and Zhang Xiaogang (b.1958) - which emerged during the 1990s in Beijing.
For post-1860 artworks, see Modern Art .
For a list of schools and artist-groups, see Modern Art Movements .
For more about 20th century French painting, see: Visual Arts Encyclopedia .
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART HISTORY
| Surrealism |
In which Irish city can one stroll along the Mardyke Walk, between the north and south channels of the River Lee? | Abstract Expressionism: History, Characteristics
Abstract Expressionism
No. 5, 1948 (1948) Private Collection.
By Jackson Pollock. One of the
Bought for $1,500 it is now reputed to
be worth in the region of $140 million.
Abstract Expressionism
Woman V (1952). Willem De Kooning
Orange & Yellow (1956)
and styles, see: History of Art .
TWENTIETH CENTURY ARTISTS
see: 20th Century Painters .
Introduction
"Abstract Expressionism" is a vague term which refers to a general movement of largely non-representative painting, which flourished in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s. Spearheaded by a generation of American artists - strongly influenced by European expatriates - who had grown up during the Depression and were influenced both by World War II and its Cold War aftermath, abstract expressionist painting was neither wholly abstract nor expressionist and encompassed several quite different styles. Even so, the diverse exponents of Abstract Expressionism had several aims in common, not least a desire to redefine the nature of painting and in the process create a new type of art .
Leading abstract painters who were associated with the movement include: Jackson Pollock (1912-56), his wife Lee Krasner (1908-84), Franz Kline (1910-62), Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Willem De Kooning (1904-97), Mark Rothko (1903-70), Clyfford Still (1904-80), Barnett Newman (1905-70), Josef Albers (1888-1976), Philip Guston (1913-80), Adolph Gottlieb (1903-74), and William Baziotes (1912-63). Second generation painters included Sam Francis (1923-94).
Homage to the Square: Apparition (1959)
Josef Albers.
The term "Abstract Expressionism" was initially coined in Europe to describe works by German Expressionist painters. Only later, in 1946, was it applied to American art by the art critic Robert Coates. An alternative label, "Action Painting", was coined in 1952 by Harold Rosenberg (1906-78) who, along with Clement Greenberg (1909-94), was the most influential critic and apologist of the new movement, which became known also as "The New York School ." By 1955, Abstract Expressionism had become almost a new orthodoxy. Meanwhile, parallel movements in Western Europe were appearing under various titles, such as Art Informel (c.1945-60), along with sub-variants such as Lyrical Abstraction (late 1940s, 1950s), Tachisme (c.1945-60) and the COBRA group (1948-51). In Eastern Europe Art Informel was regarded as an expression of fervent individualism and Communist authorities rejected it entirely.
Note: For earlier forms of expressionism, see: Expressionist Paintings .
ABSTRACTION
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History
The America of the 1940s, from which Abstract Expressionism emerged, was still reeling from the collapse of world order triggered by World War II. This was a major influence on the country's artists - many of whom still remembered The Great Depression and its relief programs like the Works Progress Administration which had afforded them the opportunity to develop a painting career, and they began searching for ways of responding to the uncertain climate.
The problem was that the two main art movements of the 1930s - namely, Regionalism and Social Realism - failed to satisfy their desire for a break with current thinking. In this, they were strongly influenced by the arrival of numerous modern artist refugees from Europe, whose radical approach to art opened up a series of new possibilities.
These exiles included figures like the Armenian-born Arshile Gorky, who settled in the US in 1920, and the German-born Hans Hofmann who migrated to America in 1930, as well as the German Expressionist George Grosz (1893-1959), the Cubist Fernand Leger (1881-1955), the Bauhaus abstract painter Josef Albers (1888-1976) and the geometrical abstractionist Piet Mondrian (1872-1944). Other influential immigrants were the Dadaist Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), and the Surrealists Yves Tanguy (1900-55), Andre Masson (1896-1987), Max Ernst (1891-1976) and Andre Breton (1896-1966). The Surrealist artists were especially influential, with their idea of unconscious 'automatic' painting which was taken up by Jackson Pollock and others. See also: History of Expressionist Painting (c.1880-1930).
The significance of these artists for the new American movement was acknowledged as early as 1944 by Jackson Pollock himself: "The fact that good European Moderns are now here is very important for they bring with them an understanding of the problems of modern painting."
The exchange of ideas was assisted in New York by a growing infrastructure of venues and exhibitions promoting modern art, such as The Museum of Modern Art (founded 1929) which hosted exhibitions of Cubism, various other styles of abstract art, Dada, Fantastic Art and Surrealism, along with retrospectives of Leger, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso, among others. Works by Gabo, Mondrian, El Lissitzky, and other avant-garde artists were also shown at Albert Gallatin's Museum of Living Art. Another venue was the Museum of Non-Objective Painting (founded 1939), the forerunner of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which was noted for its collection of paintings by Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944). The themes and ideas of European modernism were also disseminated through education. The German artist immigrant Hans Hofmann became a huge influence on painters, critics and the development of American modern art through his New York art school where he taught from 1933 until 1958. Lastly, one should not underestimate the role of art critics as well as wealthy patrons and collectors - notably Peggy Guggenheim (1898-1979), and Leo Castelli (1907-99) - who were active agents for the new movement. See also: Art Museums in America .
Key Figures in the Development of Abstract Expressionism
Among indigenous painters, Albert Pinkham Ryder (1847-1917) is seen as an early precursor of expressionist abstraction. In addition, a key transitional figure linking pre-war with post-war American art was Stuart Davis (1894-1964), who brought a focused integrity to his pursuit of pictorial structure. (In a curious parallel with George Stubbs' months-long study of horse carcasses in order to improve his knowledge of equine anatomy Davis closeted himself for a long period in 1927 to study an egg beater). His contribution can be seen as an American extension of Cubism: he was at times close to Fernand Leger, but he used colour very differently, bright and clear, solid and flat. This together with his conspicious modernity, his use of the banal vocabulary of everyday urban life, was a decisive influence on artists of the 1940s and 1950s and then on Pop Art. Also significant were the Precisionists, a loosely unified group who portrayed contemporary America in a hard-edged, boldly coloured version of Cubism. For a time they included Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986), who in a long career developed an increasingly abstract imagery, based on magnified organic forms and the rolling windswept plains of Texas.
But the two main forerunners of Abstract Expressionism were Arshile Gorky (1905-48) and Hans Hofmann (1880-1966), neither of whom were connected with the early expressionist movement in Germany. Gorky by 1942 had arrived at a very free, calligraphic brushwork, very bright in colour, often entirely without figurative reference. "I never finish a painting, I just stop working on it for a while." Hofmann established a profoundly influencial school in New York where he not only provided a forcefully articulated theoretical support for non-figurative art, but remained very open to the stimulous of the new. In particular he reflected symbolist ideas of the independence of the world of art from the world of appearances: he used colour to express mood as Kandinsky had, yet retained a feeling for structure that derives from Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) and Cubism. Anticipating Pollock, he even experimented with "drip" techniques in 1940, but his own most magical colouristic inventions, coming at the end of his life, express a radiant serenity very different from anything Pollock produced. Among Hofmann's acolytes was the art critic Clement Greenberg, a vigorous advocate of Abstract Expressionism, and among his students was the artist Lee Krasner who introduced Hofmann to her husband Jackson Pollock.
Characteristics: The Two Styles
In simple terms, the Abstract Expressionism movement encompassed two broad groupings. These included: (1) the so-called "action painters" such as Jackson Pollock and Willem De Kooning who focused on an intensely expressive style of gestural painting ; and (2) the more passive "colour-field" painters, notably Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and Clyfford Still, who were concerned with reflection and mood. That said, it is not always easy to draw a precise line between these two types of Abstract Expressionism, and several artists contributed to both.
Action Painting
In 1947, after producing numerous "all-over" abstract paintings - see, for instance, Pasiphae (1943, Metropolitan Museum of Art) - Jackson Pollock , supported by his wife Lee Krasner (1908-84), developed a radical new technique (one that both Hofmann and Krasner had tried earlier) called " action-painting ", which involved dripping thinned paint onto raw canvas laid on the ground using wide and rhythmic sweeps of a large and loaded brush (if a brush was used) or, more usually direct from the can - a far cry from the traditional painterly method whereby pigment was applied by brush to a canvas on an easel. Pollock worked in a highly spontaneous improvisatory manner, famously dancing around the canvas pouring, throwing and dripping paint onto it. By doing this, he claimed to be channelling his inner impulses directly onto the canvas, in a form of automatic or subconscious painting. For more details, see Jackson Pollock's paintings (1940-56).
Pollock's paintings smashed all conventions of traditional American art. Their subject matter was entirely abstract, their scale was huge, and their iconoclastic production method became almost as important as the works themselves. This was because, for these Abstract Expressionists, the authenticity of a painting lay in its directness and immediacy of expression: in how the artist conveyed his inner impulses, his unconscious being. In a sense, the painting itself became an event, a drama of self-revelation. Hence the term "action painting".
An important feature of this "event" was the "all-over" or shapeless character of the paintings. Pollock's works in particular seemed to flow beyond the canvas, being cut off only by the physical limits of the canvas edges.
In short, Pollock (and others) jettisoned all the traditional concepts of composition, space, volume and depth, allowing the flatness of the picture plane to take centre stage. Not surprisingly, the paintings caused a sensation. The New York Times art critic John Canaday was highly critical, but Clement Greenberg proclaimed abstract expressionism in general and Jackson Pollock in particular, as the epitome of aesthetic value, enthusiastically supporting Pollock's work on formalistic grounds as the best painting of its day and the heir to an art tradition - stretching back to the Cubism of Pablo Picasso, the cube-like pictures of Paul Cézanne and the Water Lily series of Claude Monet - whose defining characteristic is the making of marks on a flat surface. Harold Rosenberg highlighted the "existential" nature of Pollock's work, stating that "what was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event".
Although Willem De Kooning is also grouped with Pollock in the highly charged active type of Abstract Expressionism, his works are different both technically and aesthetically to those of the latter. His violent and sinister Woman series of six paintings (1950-3), portraying a three-quarter-length female figure, exemplified his figurative style, although he also produced more abstract works. See also his earlier masterpiece, Seated Woman (1944, Metropolitan Museum of Art), a prototype for the Woman series. Like Pollock, De Kooning was a strong believer in the idea that an artist acted out his inner impulses, and that something of his emotion or state of mind could be read by the viewer in the resulting paint marks. "I paint this way because I can keep putting more and more things into it drama, anger, pain, love... through your eyes it again becomes an emotion or an idea."
Other important contributors to action painting include: Mark Tobey noted for his White Writing style of calligraphic gesturalism; Franz Kline , an artist whose works include colour field compositions as well as vigorous gestural work, sometimes compared to gigantically enlarged fragments of Chinese calligraphy); Robert Motherwell (in his series entitled Elegy to the Spanish Republic, and his powerful black and white paintings); Cy Twombly (in his gestural works based on calligraphic, linear symbols) and Adolph Gottlieb (noted for his abstract surrealist series including Pictographs, Imaginary Landscapes and Bursts).
Artists associated with the technique of action-painting continue to be highly sought-after by collectors. Both Jackson Pollock and Willem De Kooning feature in the world's Top 10 Most Expensive Paintings .
Colour Field Painting
Evolving slightly later than action-painting was a second style of Abstract Expressionism, which became known as Colour Field Painting . (An offshoot of this style was Josef Albers' Homage to the Square series.) It emerged as several important artists in America in the late 1940s and 1950s (eg. Mark Rothko, Clyfford Stills, Barnett Newman) were experimenting with the use of flat areas or fields of colour to induce contemplation in the viewer - even to a pitch of mystic intensity. They were very much on the passive wing of the Abstract Expressionist movement, in contrast to the agitation of Pollock or De Kooning, though it is hard to draw a definitive dividing line. Clyfford Stills' work, for example, can be thunderous in mood but is positively severe in contrast with Pollock's action. The work of these artists was on a very large scale, in which it differed sharply from the related investigations of Albers and others, the scale being necessary to the creation of the effect.
The impulse behind Colour Field painting was reflective and cerebral, characterized by simple pictorial imagery designed to create emotional impact. Rothko and Newman, among others, described their desire to achieve the "sublime" rather than the "beautiful." A type of highly coloured minimalism, their style (according to Newman) aimed to liberate the artist from "all constraints of memory, association, nostalgia, legend, and myth that have been the devices of Western European painting." Rothko's own soft-edged rectangular shapes of glowing colour sought to envelop the viewer and trigger a semi-religious emotional experience, to the point of tears. Like Pollock and the action-painters, colour field paintings were executed on a monumental scale for optimum impact - not to invoke heroic grandeur but rather to influence and create an intimate relationship with the individual spectator. Rothko said, "I paint big to be intimate."
The most distinguished of these colour-field painters was Mark Rothko . He has been described, along with Clyfford Still as the chief exponent of the "American Sublime". He first showed in 1929 and by about 1940 was working in a Surrealistic vein. By 1947, however, he was evolving the formula to which he was to remain faithful for the rest of his life. This formula, though generally interpreted on a monumental scale is almost as simple as Josef Albers' square. Mark Rothko's paintings typically comprise two or three horizontal or vertical rectangles of different colours, varying in width or in height, on an even coloured background. The rectangles are filled with colour, which is washed or stained with shifting tones and luminous intensities, and their edges blur into soft-focus. This blurring of edges makes the colour seem to float. So powerful and intense is the impression of mysterious radiance flooding from these great canvases, that viewers themselves can also experience a floating sensation.
Clyfford Still , always a detached figure, also worked on a very large scale. His signature style being a heavily impastoed , jagged form, silhouetted in dramatic contrast against a broad, even plane of colour.
Barnett Newman , associated with Rothko and Motherwell in the founding of an Art School on 8th Avenue, New York in 1947, worked for a time on the magazine The Tiger's Eye, which voiced the opinion of many of the group. In his mature work he arrived at even more simplified solutions than Rothko and was never influenced by the gestural painting of Pollock. In his formula, however, the mystical aim is distilled down to the sparsest symbolic geometry, involving a rectangular canvas featuring an area of colour divided by one or more vertical stripes. His work is unimpassioned in character and essentially cool.
Other Colour Field artists included William Baziotes, who was close in mood both to Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, except he developed a style that verged on the figurative as theirs' never did. His paintings contain relatively complex shapes suggestive of animate or inanimate forms; Philip Guston (1913-80), who had his own highly personal variation, sometimes called "Abstract Impressionism", from which he moved on to a more expressive style in the late 1950s; Adolf Gottlieb, a close contemporary of Clyfford Stills, exploited Surrealist imagery in the 1930s but was also deeply interested in American Indian Art and from this he developed in the 1940s his so-called "Pictographs" characterised by very Freudian imagery. Another important figure in the development of Colour Field painting was Helen Frankenthaler (b.1928), who began as a Cubist before exploring Abstract Expressionist styles in the early 1950s, making a significant development of Pollock's "drip" technique.
Mark Rothko's painting White Center (1950) sold at auction in 2007 for a record $72.8 million. See the World's Top 20 Most Expensive Paintings .
Josef Albers: Homage to the Square
An offshoot of Colour Field art which explored harmony and proportion in Abstract Expressionism, was developed by the German painter Josef Albers , from 1933 a teacher at Black Mountain College in North Carolina. In his teaching he investigated the relations between geometry and colour in a series of paintings, entitled Variations on a Theme. After moving to Yale in 1950, he began his sequence called Homage to the Square. This massive body of work consisted of hundreds of paintings and prints all within a square format. Though they vary in size they all feature three or four squares superimposed - a nest of squares positioned with vertical but not horizontal symmetry. Albers used the formula to demonstrate his abiding belief in an essential dichotomy of art - "the discrepancy between physical fact and physic effect" - thus the linear structure of his square pictures is of the most simple clarity. The colour structure is created likewise in evenly applied paint, straight from the tube. The colour of each of the three or four squares usually has no variation of intensity, and so is completely inexpressive of any quality other than it's particular tone. In the eyes of the onlooker, the flat picture plane becomes three-dimensional as one colour seems to advance, another to recede, according to its contrasting nature. Furthermore, the pure evenness of colour within each square is affected optically by its reaction to its neighbours, and all the colours change in character as the light in which they are seen, changes.
Some art critics have compared Albers' Homage to the Square series to Claude Monet's famous Water Lily paintings, except Albers' heirs were the Americans of the late 1950s and 1960s who, while respecting the Abstract Expressionism achievement, found in his work a pattern and an intense colour sensation on which they could build. Later again, his interest in perception became relevant for Op Art and even Conceptual Art.
For other movements similar to abstract expressionist painting, see Art Movements, Periods, Schools (from about 100 BCE).
Legacy
The first generation of Abstract Expressionist artists flourished between 1943 and the mid-1950s. They had a major impact on the reputation of American painting, leading to the establishment of New York as the centre of world art. The style was introduced to Paris in the 1950s by Canadian artist Jean-Paul Riopelle (1923-2002), who received great assistance from Michel Tapié's seminal book, Un Art Autre (1952). Michel Tapié also promoted the works of Jackson Pollock and Hans Hofmann in Europe. At the same time, new American sub-movements like Hard-edge painting appeared, exemplified by artists like Ad Reinhardt (1913-67), Frank Stella (b.1936), Jules Olitski (b.1922) and Al Held (b.1928). In Europe during the 1940s and 1950s, abstract expressionism was known as Art Informel (art without form). Sub-variants of Art Informel included: Tachisme (c.1945-60), marked by the irregular use of splotches of colour. Exponents included artists like Jean Fautrier (1898-1964), Georges Mathieu (1921-2012), Maria Helena Vieira da Silva (1908-92), Pierre Soulages (b.1919), and the American artist Sam Francis (1923-94). Closely related to tachisme is Lyrical Abstraction , a softer type of abstract painting, that eliminated some of the more subjective elements of Art Informel - a style exemplified by Nicolas de Stael (1914-1955), Jean Paul Riopelle (1923-2002) and the colourist Patrick Heron (1920-99). See also: COBRA group . The term Lyrical Abstraction was also employed in America during the early 1960s, to refer to a purely abstract style of Colour Field painting which appeared in works by Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis (1912-62), Kenneth Noland (b.1924) and others. It dispensed with the emotional, or religious content of the earlier style of Abstract Expressionism, as well as the highly personal or gestural application associated with it. In 1964, the art critic Clement Greenberg curated an influential exhibition (" Post-Painterly Abstraction ") of works by 31 artists associated with this development at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The show subsequently travelled to important art museums across America. Meanwhile in Britain during the 1960s, a new variant of Colour Field painting appeared in works by Robyn Denny, John Hoyland, Richard Smith and others.
By the 1960s, the main effects of Abstract Expressionism had been thoroughly absorbed, although its themes and techniques continued to influence later artists from a variety of different schools, including Op Art, Fluxus, Pop Art, Minimalism , Post-Minimalism, Neo-Expressionism , and others.
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Which Leicestershire family seat is home to the Duke of Rutland? | Duke of Rutland banned from driving and fined £3,025 - BBC News
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Duke of Rutland banned from driving and fined £3,025
12 July 2016
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Image caption The Duke of Rutland - who has been banned from driving - lives in the family seat of Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire
One of the wealthiest aristocrats in the UK has been banned from driving after amassing 24 points on his licence.
The Duke of Rutland - who lives in Belvoir Castle - was caught speeding twice in Nottinghamshire, once in North Yorkshire and again in Derbyshire in an eight-month period.
He was banned for a year and 15 points were added to the nine he already had.
He was also ordered to pay £3,025 in fines and costs.
The Duke, who was named in Northallerton Magistrates' Court as David Charles Rutland, failed to respond to the fixed penalty notices and a trial was set until his lawyers indicated he would plead guilty.
'Considerable means'
Rutland did not appear at the hearing which was told he was driving a Land Rover Discovery at the time of the offences.
His solicitor Lisa Wilson said: "He does not wish to minimise the offences. He does not wish to put forward an argument of exceptional hardship.
"The court may consider that with the title he has and the property he resides in the defendant is of considerable means."
Rutland, whose wealth was estimated at £140m by the Sunday Times Rich List, lives in the family seat of Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire, set in 18,000 acres of land.
It has been the backdrop for several films including The Young Victoria and the Da Vinci Code while Haddon Hall in Derbyshire - also owned by the family - featured in Pride and Prejudice in 2005.
The offences:
Driving at 59mph in a 50mph near Lowdham, Nottinghamshire, in November
Driving at 61mph in a 50mph stretch of the A1 between Scotch Corner and Barton in North Yorkshire in September
Driving at 73mph in a 50mph near Lowdham, Nottinghamshire, in March
Driving at 37mph in a 30mph on the A61 near Chesterfield in June last year
Rutland was ordered to pay £2,550 in fines, £400 in costs and a £75 victim surcharge.
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Which female singer was torn between two lovers in 1977? | The Duke and Duchess of Rutland: it's one wing for him and one wing for her - Telegraph
The Duke and Duchess of Rutland: it's one wing for him and one wing for her
Infidelity, a fairy-tale castle and a pragmatic duchess determined to safeguard the family fortune
'A difficult situation’: the Duchess of Rutland at Belvoir Castle Photo: Martin Pope
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The aristocracy have always been inventive when their marriages break down. They can afford to be. A blind eye here, an understanding there, a delicate readjustment of room space to conduct their separate lives while maintaining the fiction of harmonious family life.
However, nothing so smotheringly conventional was ever going to do for the Duke and Duchess of Rutland who, at the weekend, made public their own solution to the challenges of infidelity: after 20 years of marriage, they are now living in different wings of their colossal gothic castle at Belvoir, each able to entertain a lover without undue embarrassment and to come together for occasional family meals with their five children.
“It is a situation that many might find difficult, or impossible, to fathom,” wrote Emma Rutland in a lengthy, confessional article in a Sunday newspaper.
Well no, not really. Not when you leave aside the personal hurt and take a look at the books. Belvoir Castle, a floating fantasy of towers and turrets overlooking its pastoral vale, is a fantastic little heritage industry, probably one of the most successful stately-home operations in the country. Russians, Americans and Chinese pay handsomely to blast pheasant and partridge on its 60,000 acres of prime shooting, and then to be hosted in ducal splendour over dinner before retiring to exquisite, Downtonesque bedrooms.
It is also one of the most desirable wedding backdrops in Middle England; a conference venue of unparalleled grandeur, and a popular location with film directors (The Da Vinci Code, The Young Victoria). There is a custom-designed “Rutland” 12-bore shotgun and a Duchess range of furniture. The hundreds of rooms, illogical lobbies and twisting corridors are a museum of fine art.
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10 Sep 2012
And who is behind all this? Who travels the world promoting Belvoir as if she has known it from birth? Who has bothered to master every historical fact and family anecdote? Who gets up at 4am during the school holidays to deal with estate business? Who handles the vast rental portfolio? Emma Rutland, 50, was not to the castle born, but she is an intelligent hands-on duchess with several minor careers behind her (she trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and then worked variously as a land agent, tour guide, interior designer) and she has learnt how to make her husband’s ailing estate pay.
No wonder they managed to reach “a state of equilibrium” where they have separate quarters under the same two-and-a-half acre roof and the castle wins hands down. Too much was at stake for it to be any other way. They say they will both live in the castle for the sake of their children. (“In the hope of reducing some of the disruption to their lives.”) But equally, they must find it expedient to live in the castle for the sake of the castle. Their solution is medieval in its utter pragmatism.
When David became the 11th Earl in 1999, his family seat in Leicestershire was a chilly, inefficient edifice sliding into ruin, with death duties of £9 million and far too many staff. Emma’s practical approach was well illustrated by a disastrous night soon after they moved in. The children woke her to report that water was cascading into the two libraries. She pulled her Barbour on over her nightdress, yanked on her wellies and went on to the roof to investigate. A dead pigeon was blocking the drain. “I slid down the lead roof on my bottom and dug it out with my bare hands. That dead pigeon taught me a lot.” She installed birds of prey which have since become a tourist attraction. “We [modern duchesses] are not spoiled creatures sitting up in a tower having our nails filed,” she told me in the summer.
At Belvoir, Emma Rutland went on to discover skills she never knew she had on a canvas bigger than she’d ever imagined. Her stylish mark is everywhere. She made over as if she were personally inventing the stately make-over. She created order out of chaos. The control and the results excited her. “I always say I am the chief executive here,” she said. “I love my job. I run it all. David’s the chairman. He’s involved in other things, but not the nuts and bolts. We have a great relationship, whereby he totally trusts me and my judgment and I take things to him for the rubber stamp.”
After the interview, I went back to her to check I had got that bit right. It made him sound like a cipher. Was it true to say her husband was a shy man, uneasy in social situations, as I’d heard, and preferred his field sports and archival interests to running the estate? She wrote back to say he was “very involved in everything.”
Later the same week, I received an extravagant new book, written by the duchess, called Shooting: A Season of Discovery, with a picture of her on the front cover, gun in hand, wearing a fur hat and fur-trimmed suede gilet. Belvoir Castle was a dreamy blur in the background. What struck me on reading the book was how much time she had spent on other grand estates – in one season, she had visited 20 different shoots all over Britain – as well as running her own and promoting Belvoir abroad.
The union of a sparky farmer’s daughter from Powys (“I didn’t know an Honourable. Let alone a Lord”) and the stolid heir to a castle that had been in the family for 500 years was viewed with cynicism by some of their friends. “Had I understood what joining this family entailed? More importantly, could I breed?”
When a mutual friend introduced them at a party, David Granby (as he then was) remarked: “I like the cut of her jib.” The card he handed her at the end of the evening read: “Marquis of Granby, Registered firearms dealer.” In her naivety, she thought he might own a pub.
The marriage turned into a business partnership of pure gold. The heir to the dukedom had not only found a woman who bore him the necessary two sons and three dazzling daughters, but helped to turn his fortunes around as estate manager, hostess, marketing supremo and interior designer. She, in turn, acquired a showcase for her entrepreneurial talent, a country life she loved and the chance to wear glorious frocks.
Perhaps because she herself is in a new relationship (''with a man who works on the estate’’), the duchess is keen to record that her husband “strayed” first. “In August 1999, just weeks after the birth of our son, Charles, I learnt that David was having an affair with a lady in London,” she says. “I can remember even now how the pain cut through my heart, leaving me wretched, angry and bitter.”
They underwent counselling and renewed their vows at Charles’s christening. But their teamwork in repairing the estate had merely disguised the disrepair of the marriage. “A crucial and precious ingredient had gone: trust.”
By 2009, when she threw a party for her husband’s 50th birthday, the duchess suspected he had a new mistress (''The lady in question had been living on the estate for a number of years.’’). She tried to be philosophical: “Affairs happen and part of me hoped that this one would fizzle out.” She says it was her elder children who persuaded her than she should not “accept the affair and endorse it as normal” and who helped them reach the two-lives-one-castle compromise.
So she and the children will stay in the converted Nursery Wing that serves as their “intimate” family home away from the public areas, and he will live in the Shepherds’ Tower, where they had intended to move as a family. It allows the couple to “work together to preserve the heritage of Belvoir and remind visitors that, as far as the castle is concerned, it’s very much business as usual.” Exactly. Far from being difficult to fathom, it is a situation that is surprisingly easy to grasp.
Read Elizabeth Grice’s interview with the Duchess of Rutland at www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/9403109/Emma-Rutland-of-Belvoir-Castle-A-thoroughly-modern-duchess.html
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What is the monetary unit of Morocco? | Moroccan monetary unit - definition of Moroccan monetary unit by The Free Dictionary
Moroccan monetary unit - definition of Moroccan monetary unit by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Moroccan+monetary+unit
monetary unit - a unit of money
Moroccan dirham , dirham - the basic unit of money in Morocco; equal to 100 centimes
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What type of coffee traditionally comes from Yemen? | About Morocco - Currency
About Morocco
Moroccan Currency
Morocco Travel Information: Moroccan Currency
The Moroccan currency is called the "dirham." Although some travelers find Moroccan currency confusing, with a little effort it is easy to understand. The dirham is divided into one hundred centimes (c). Please be aware that centimes may also be referred to as francs or pesetas in certain parts of the country.
Centimes exchange hands at market places more often than dirhams. This money is available in 10c, 20c, 50c, 1dh, 5dh, 10dh (all coins) and 10dh, 20dh, 50dh, 100dh and 200dh (all notes).
If you are bargaining for an item when traveling to Morocco , it is usually best to find out exactly how many dirhams or centimes the seller is marketing his goods for. While foreign currency is accepted you will get the best exchange rate using the dirham.
If you hear the term rials or reales used don’t be concerned as these terms are another often used to discussion the currency and are broken down from centimes. The rial is used as a monetary expression mainly by those living in traditional Berber villages rather than a monetary unit and therefore has no set standard.Prior to the dirham being utilized the rial was the Moroccan currency in villages. In most regions of Morocco, twenty rials make up one dirham, however, in Tangier and the Rif, only two rials are needed to make a Dirham.
Purchasing Dirhams
You will not experience any problems when changing money during your travels in Morocco since the banks all operate with equal exchange rates and without commission. Exchange rates are set around midday on Fridays.
In Morocco- places to purchase dirhams include the airports, most major seaport stations and ATM machines. Another option is to exchange money at a travel agency in Morocco. If you do this make sure to shop around as some agents offer better rates than others.
Outside Morocco- you can pre-order dirhams at your bank, before embarking at your country’s airport, or if you are traveling from Algeciras or Gibraltar Spain there are places to purchase Moroccan dirhams there.
Travelers Checks In Morocco
Traveler's checks in Morocco are discouraged in case things go wrong because they can only be exchanged at a bank when it is open. Since you never know where or what time of the day an emergency can strike, travelers checks are not highly recommended when traveling within Morocco.
Credit Cards & Debit Cards In Morocco
Credit card companies or your bank (if you use a debit card) should be notified to the dates of your travels to Morocco so your card will not be declined abroad. It’s also a good idea to make sure that your pin number will work abroad in Morocco. You may also want to photo copy any credit cards you will take on your trip and leave copies of them with a friend or family member as well as find out an international calling number for your bank in case your credit cards get stolen.
Line of Credit In Morocco
In order to get a line of credit from your credit card you will need to have a secret pin number created. If an emergency line of credit is something you want access to, you must contact your credit card company within at least a few weeks prior to your trip and request they send you a pin number. Since your pin number can only be sent to your home, you must be able to receive mail or have someone communicate the secret number to you.
Check Currency & Exchange Rates In Morocco
Although Morocco’s economy is relatively stable, it is a good idea to check the exchange rate before you go. As of October 1st 2008, the International exchange rates were:
US $1 = 9.00 dirhams 100 dirhams = US $15.00
CAD $1 = 7.10 dirhams 100 dirhams = CAD $14.07
€ 1= 11.27 dirhams 100 dirhams =€ 8.87
£ 1 = 17.7 dirhams 100 dirham = £ 7.05
To determine the latest exchange rate between your country’s currency and Morocco’s dirham visit http://www.xe.com/ucc/
Currency: Money and Banks In Morocco
The unit of currency is the Moroccan Dirham (DH) divided into 100 centimes. There are 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 DH notes; 1, 5 and 10 DH coins and 5, 10, 20 and 50 centime coins.
You can only obtain Dirhams in
Morocco
| i don't know |
"Which American writer said ""If you don't like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes for it to change""?" | The Big Apple: “If you don’t like the weather, wait five minutes” (weather saying)
Entry from August 09, 2009
“If you don’t like the weather, wait five minutes” (weather saying)
"If you don’t like the weather, wait five minutes (and it will change)” is a weather saying in many parts of the world. Mark Twain (1835-1910) is often credited with originating it, but there is no record that he ever said it. The saying has been cited in print since at least 1915.
The Yale Book of Quotations
Edited by Fred R. Shapiro
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
2006
Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemons)
U.S. writer, 1835-1910
“If you don’t like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes.”
Attributed in Bennett Cerf, Try and Stop Me (1944). An earlier version, not attributed to any individual, appeared in the Washington Post, 4 Mar. 1934, and referred to Washington, D.C.: “Just wait five minutes for a change—That’s what the weather here will do.”
New York, NY: Outing Publishing Company
1915
Pg. 50:
With the optimism of that section of the country they say, “If you don’t like our weather, wait a minute.”
12 July 1925, Lincoln (NE) Sunday Star, pg. 4, col. 2:
If you don’t like Nebraska weather, wait fifteen minutes.
3 March 1926, Portsmouth (OH) Daily Times, pg. 1, col. 2:
TAKE YOUR CHOICE
CLEVELAND, Ohio. March 3.—(UP).—A new “snappy comeback” is being offered by Clevelanders to visitors who have complained of erratic weather conditions in the vicinity during the past winter. It is:
“If you don’t like the Cleveland weather, wait a minute.”
24 December 1926, San Antonio (TX) Light, pg. 2A, col. 7:
Mercury in 18-hour
Stand at 35-Mark
CHICAGO, Dec. 24.—(AP)—The Chicago booster who said “If you don’t like Chicago’s weather, wait five minutes and it will change,” was all wrong.
v. 46-48 - 1928
Pg. 32:
But you know what Mark Twain said of the weather. “What! Don’t like Michigan weather? Wait ten minutes.” That’s what I say, “Wait ten minutes — it’ll be all over.”
20 March 1931, Olean (NY) Evening Herald, pg. 4, col. 1:
Mark Twain’s remark: “If you don’t like the weather, wait a minute,” is especially appropriate in March.
4 March 1934, Washington (DC) Post, “In Washington” by Katherine Smith, pg. SM2:
5. Typical.
Are often prone to criticize
Our weather. Will it rain or snow,
Or sleet or shine? We realize
Their indignation, and attempt
To pacify—we smile and coo,
“Just wait five minutes for a change --
That’s what the weather here will do.”
24 March 1937, Hartford (CT) Courant, pg. 7:
“If you don’t like New England weather, wait a minute.”
3 November 1937, Appleton (WI) Post-Crescent, pg. 30, col. 3:
...but it all gets back to Stoo’s original adage that has been repeated too, too often here—“if you don’t like Wisconsin weather, wait five minutes.”
28 May 1938, Chicago (IL) Daily Tribune, “A line o’ type or two,” pg. 8:
“If you don’t like Chicago weather, wait a minute...”
23 June 1939, New York (NY) Times, pg. 24:
For example, when he heard complaints against Nebraaka’s heat and cold, he commented: “If you don’t like Nebraska weather, wait a minute.”
22 August 1942, Chicago (IL) Tribune, “Midwest’s own direct Hawaiian island’s defense; Hole up with artillery on rain soaked mountain” by Robert Cromie, pg. 7:
The rain slops and starts so often their catch word is: “If you don’t like the weather wait a minute.”
26 September 1950, Chicago (IL) Daily Tribune, part 1, pg. 21 ad:
There is also that crack about if you don’t like the weather in Chicago just wait five minutes.
1 April 1955, St. Petersburg (FL) Times, “Weather Wonders,” pg. 1, col. 7:
The old joke “If yon don’t like the weather, wait a minute!” has a new twist.
27 July 1969, Washington (DC) Post, “Provincetown Is Eroding, Like Cape Cod and the Haddock,” One of a series by the author of “The Strawberry Statement."By James S. Kunen pg. 36:
Provincetown is trying not to think about it, girding itself instead for “the season.” “If you don’t like the weather, wait five minutes,” they say, referring to how the winds from the Atlantic bring in clouds only to sweep them away to rain on people who have not seen the sun.
Keep Your Fingers in the Dirt
By Dorothy Bowen
| Mark Twain |
Give the full name of the villain from the 'Friday the 13th.' series of movies? | If "Mark Twain Said It," He Probably Didn't | GOOD
If "Mark Twain Said It," He Probably Didn't
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How words drift toward the famous, regardless of the facts.
That Mark Twain was something else, wasn't he? He said so many memorable things, like "If you don't like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes" and "Golf is a good walk spoiled." What a writer, what a guy.
Unfortunately-even though Twain is the great American humorist-he didn't say either of those things. Twain is what scholar Fred Shapiro calls a "quote magnet," someone who receives credit for sayings and proverbs that never passed their lips or pens. Also called "Churchillian drift" by Nigel Rees, quote magnetism is a common phenomenon that infects everything from student papers to political speeches, and respected books of quotations aren't immune. As quote experts Rees and Shapiro have shown, "So-and-so said" are some of the least trustworthy words in the language.
Rees-who founded and hosts the U.K.'s "Quote...Unquote" program and has written books such as Brewer's Famous Quotations and More Tea, Vicar?-came up with "Churchillian drift" to "describe the process whereby the actual originator of a quotation is often elbowed to one side and replaced by someone more famous. So to Churchill or Napoleon would be ascribed what a lesser-known political figure actually said." By email, Rees said, "I coined the phrase in 1983 when specifically writing about the remark ‘Donny Osmond has Van Gogh's ear for music' which had been attributed to Orson Welles, whereas it was said by Billy Wilder about an actor called Cliff Osmond. Donny was more famous than Cliff and Welles more famous (and fatter) than Wilder!" So that quote drifted away from the shores of accuracy in two directions.
I interviewed Fred Shapiro, librarian and lecturer at Yale Law School and editor of The Yale Book of Quotations by phone, and he said that while Churchill may be a top quote magnet in England, there's no doubt the top American is Mark Twain. For example, Shapiro found the New England weather quote in print 10 years before the earliest attribution to Twain; the golf quote appeared 35 years before. Shapiro advises skepticism regarding all Twain-isms: "If you just assume that any quote from Twain is apocryphal, you won't be wrong very often."
In America, Shapiro said that "people associated with folksiness" such as Twain, Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, and Yogi Berra are the big quote magnets. Another folksy fellow is George W. Bush, who often gets credit for the supposed Bushism "strategery," which was actually coined by Bush impersonator Will Ferrell on Saturday Night Live. Similarly, the Sarah Palin one-liner "I can see Russia from my house" is a Tiny Fey-ism, not a Palinism. Shapiro believes that Palin could be the next big quote magnet, and that "stupid quotes in the future will get pinned on her."
There are many ways a quotation can be disapproved, as Shapiro and his research assistants learned during the six years it took to compile the Yale Book of Quotations. If the newspaper databases don't yield anything from the alleged quotee's time, that's a red flag. Sometimes biographical facts disprove a quotation. One purported Twain saying-"When I was a boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much he had learned in seven years"-is disproved by the fact that Twain's dad died when the author was eleven. Other quotations raise suspicions for being too modern-sounding, or just out of character for the person saying them, such as religious quotes attributed to Albert Einstein.
These goofs happen both consciously and unconsciously. Shapiro said, "There's a tendency to improve quotes." That improvement works in a few ways: If I cite Mark Twain instead of my cousin Billy, the quote is improved and my own case bolstered. Wording gets revised, too. For example, Shakespeare's "Alas, poor Yorick, I knew him" is oft-misquoted as "Alas, poor Yorick, I knew him well," which Shapiro notes is "better than the original." Shapiro says that quotes are made more concise and memorable, and archaic words may be replaced.
Also, once people hear something is true, they tend to believe it, and the folk etymology of words (including eggcorning ) is very similar to how quotations get mangled and massaged over time. Shapiro said, "I have an uncle who insists the expression ‘ciao' meaning goodbye comes from ‘chow' meaning food, because he heard this on the radio once. And it's totally untrue. I can tell this to my uncle till he's blue in the face and he's never going to believe it because he heard it on the radio." More blame for the spread of nonsense goes to prescriptive, loud, and marginally informed English teachers, who have a way of planting the seeds of language misinformation deep in young minds. As Shapiro put it, "If your seventh grade English teacher said it, you may go your whole life believing it."
Unfortunately for us all, even highly respected reference works like Bartlett's repeat erroneous attributions-"They don't actually do much research," Shapiro said, adding that he found hundreds of bogus quotations in so-called authoritative quote books. If you want to help sniff out incorrect quotations, subscribe to Rees' "Quote...Unquote" newsletter or join the Project Wombat list , which has helped Shapiro in the past. And next time you hear "Mark Twain said this" or "Sarah Palin said that," you might want to take such claims with an entire pillar of salt.
| i don't know |
Which TV detective was a reluctant George Cross recipient? | A Touch of Frost (an Episode Guide)
A Touch of Frost
Thu, 14 Jan 2010 01:00
aired from: Dec 1992
David Jason as Detective Inspector William Edward "Jack" Frost
Bruce Alexander as Superintendent Norman "Hornrimmed Harry" Mullett
recurring characters:
Bill Stewart as Sandy Longford
David Gooderson as Derek Simpkins, the pathologist
David McKail as Dr McKenzie
Neil Phillips as Detective Chief Inspector Jim Allen
Nigel Harrison as Detective Chief Inspector Peters
Paul Jesson as Detective Sergeant Dorridge
John Lyons as Detective Sergeant George Toolan
Susannah Doyle as Detective Sergeant Liz Maud
Caroline Harker as Woman Police Constable (later Detective Sergeant) Hazel Wallace
Bill Rourke as Sergeant Arthur Hanlon
Jon Sotherton as Detective Constable Mark Howard
Matt Bardock as Detective Constable (later Detective Sergeant) Clive Barnard
John Webber as Detective Constable Lambert
Jan Graveson as Woman Police Constable Jane Brent
Miranda Pleasance as Woman Police Constable Holland
Arthur White as Police Constable Ernie Trigg
George Thompson as Police Constable Simms
Christopher Rickwood as Police Constable Keith Stringer
Colin Buchanan as Police Constable Mike Austin
production credits:
Simon Lewis , producer [ Series 4 ]
Martyn Auty , producer [ Series 5 & Episodes 38-39 ]
Lars MacFarlane , producer [ Episodes 25-26 ]
Richard Bates , producer [ Episodes 27-36 & 40 ], & executive producer
David Reynolds , producer [ Episodes 27-36 & 40 ], & executive producer
"Care and Protection"
gs: Claire Hackett [ Linda Uphill ], Ralph Nossek [ Gerald Powell ], Helen Blatch [ Annie Stephanopolous ], Sion Tudor Owen [ Barry James Farnham (Brian Farnham in credits) ], Tim Wylton [ Ronald Garwood ], Arbel Jones [ Tricia Harding ], Rachel Victoria Roberts [ Mary-Louise Harding ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Martin Moss [ PC Lambert ], Irene Skillington [ Forensic technician ], Martin Pearson [ Darren Brennand (Sean Brennand in credits) ], Phil Croft [ Young Felton ], Peter Quilter [ Young Garwood ], Katy Landis [ Bank clerk ], Janet George [ Nurse ], Tricia Thorns [ Miss Grey (pathologist's secretary) ], Otis Munyangiri [ Boy in church hall ], Olive Pendleton [ Mrs Powell ], Rebecca Ricketts [ Tracy Uphill ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Sandy Longford, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Const Clive Barnard, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Const Mark Howard, WPC Hazel Wallace, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
Det Insp William Edward, "Jack", Frost alternates his police duties in Denton, a town in southern England near Bristol, with nursing his terminally-ill wife, Mary, leaving her in the care of nurse Shirley Fisher during the day. He is assigned a new Detective Constable, Clive Barnard, the nephew of the chief constable, to assist him in the investigation of a missing young child, Tracy Uphill. Barnard incidentally discovers that Frost has been awarded the George Cross not long before, for trying to disarm a man, being shot twice in the incident. While looking for the missing girl in local woods, the police uncover a man's severed arm chained to a locked strong box, which turns out to be empty. Checking with Sandy Longford, the editor of the local Denton Evening News, identifies it with the robbery of two men making a bank transfer that occurred 30 years previously. Soon after Frost interviews the survivor of the robbery, Ronald Garwood, he is found shot dead, by the same gun that killed the other man at the time. Frost's wife finally dies, at Denton Hospital, leaving him bemused and with just his work to occupy his life now. He correctly identifies the person behind the robbery and killings, though this involves him with another face-down with an armed person, and the girl is handed in to the hospital.
gs: Tony Haygarth [ Det Sgt Gilmore ], Diane Bull [ Cheryl Bartlett ], Charles Dale [ Colin Fletcher ], John Vine [ Michael Bell ], Amanda Elwes [ Alex Compton ], Dominic Jephcott [ George Compton ], Annabel Leventon [ Marion ], Denise Black [ Jen Hamilton ], Steve Swinscoe [ Sean Hamilton ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Fred Pearson [ Church warden ], John Bleasdale [ Bernard Hicks ], Sean Carnegie [ Damien Cooper ], Janet Kay [ Mrs Cooper ], Merelina Kendall [ Mrs Blakiston ], Bunny May [ Geoffrey Rickman ], Edward Pinner [ Forensic operative ], Tricia Thorns [ Miss Grey (pathologist's secretary) ], Robert Whelan [ Fire officer ], Ian Taylor [ Undertaker ], Lee Whitlock [ Apprentice ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Det Const Mark Howard, WPC Hazel Wallace, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
Frost's sister-in-law, Marion, has come over from the US for his wife's funeral, but her staying at his house leads to friction, and she returns home prematurely. Frost is assigned another assistant, Det Sgt Gilmore. As DCI Allen is still on medical leave, Denton's incoming cases fall to Frost. These are a missing teenage girl, Paula Bartlett, and the case of a woman who has been receiving threatening phone calls and suffering malicious pranks. In addition to the staff shortage, the police station's central heating has broken down. While investigating an unrelated complaint about vandalism in a churchyard, Frost discovers the body of the missing girl, and the ensuing murder hunt focuses on the paper round that she failed to complete on the morning of her disappearance and death. Frost cannot do much to protect Alex Compton, the victim of the threats, and that night the police are called to her house, to find it engulfed in flames, with her husband dead inside and her unconscious on the lawn. The fire officers detect the petrol that shows it to have been arson, and Frost has his own ideas on who started it.
gs: George Anton [ Det Const Webster ], Vincent Regan [ PC David Shelby ], Sue Johnston [ Phyllis Bowman ], Ben Daniels [ Roger Massie ], Norma West [ Stella Massie ], Rowena King [ Julia King ], Douglas McFerran [ Ronald Arthur Eustace ], Caroline Paterson [ Diana Webster ], Jane Hazlegrove [ Maureen Shelby ], Tony Armatrading [ Leslie Russell ], Dominique Barnes [ Sophie Hamilton ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Martin Moss [ PC Lambert ], Joan Scott [ Mrs Lee ], Geraldine Griffith [ Bett ], Peter Harlow [ Massie's solicitor ], Colin McCormack [ Caretaker ], Alex Leppard [ Mr Darbon ], Elizabeth Hunt [ Mrs Hickman ], Tara Shaw [ Woman in launderette ], Alan Gear [ Bouncer ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Const Mark Howard, WPC Hazel Wallace, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
A hit and run driver kills an elderly man, after deliberately drawing attention by wild driving on a residential estate. On the same evening the local private casino, the Sherwood Club, is violently robbed of its night's takings. It is immediately apparent that the car belongs to the local MP's son, Roger Massie, whom Frost has charged with motoring offences on more than one occasion, but whose excellent legal team have got him cleared. Frost gets a humorless new partner, DC Webster, to assist him in the investigations. Then a dangerous armed robber, Ronnie Eustace, seeks refuge in the Denton area, and a police officer is shot dead while on patrol. An armed hunt for the fugitive tracks him down, and he takes a pair of hostages, but Frost is persuaded to substitute himself for them.
gs: Lennie James [ Det Const Carl Tanner ], Anya Phillips [ Natalie Bell ], Valentine Nonyela [ Ritchie Gibbs ], Sheila Kelley [ Doreen Gilbert ], Billy Hartman [ Dave Cowden ], Corinne Skinner Carter [ Mrs Lansdale ], Ray Emmet Brown [ Mark Landsdale ], Michael Buffong [ Ian Purcell ], Steve Nicolson [ Det Const Cottam ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Andrew Ballm [ Philip Aspinall ], Paul McKenzie [ Errol Baker ], Alexander Newland [ Davis Clark ], Melanie Sylvester [ Woman up ladder ], Rodney Litchfield [ Norman ], Karen Meagher [ Lab liaison officer ], Amjad Saleem [ Dr Shakir ], Gabrielle O'Brien [ Hospital receptionist ], Jane Wall [ Baker's girlfriend ], Karel da Costa [ Matthew Bell ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, WPC Hazel Wallace, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Mike Austin, PC Simms, PC Ernie Trigg, PC Keith Stringer
Frost is assigned a new, black detective constable, Carl Tanner, transferred in to help him investigate a string of commercial burglaries, which lead them to a group of families on the local Eastdean estate that Frost calls "the crime academy". It doesn't come naturally to him to tread carefully to avoid accusations of police racism there and at Denton Police Station. Then one of his informants from the estate, Natalie Bell, is murdered, and he feels guilty for possibly compromising her. Tanner uncovers an interesting aspect of the information she had passed to Frost over the years. As Frost's team close in on the robbery suspects, the woman's child is abducted, and Frost sets off in single pursuit, resulting in a confrontation in an abandoned warehouse, while Tanner interviews and arrests the killer.
gs: Sally Dexter [ Det Sgt Maureen Lawson ], Christopher Fulford [ Ronald Gould ], Margery Mason [ Mrs Archer ], Steven Mackintosh [ Dean Hoskins ], Clara Salaman [ Kathy Reynolds ], Graham Turner [ Vicar ], Peter Benson [ Bernard Elliott ], Pamela Cundell [ Mrs Barrett ], Valerie Lush [ Mrs Mary Haynes ], Richard Beale [ Mr Proctor ], Isabelle Amyes [ Angela Newcombe ], Michael Hadley [ John Newcombe ], Rose Hill [ Mrs Alice Ryder ], Max Mason [ Desmond Ryder ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Ian Dunn [ Mr Bright ], Louise Yates [ Mrs Miriam Bright ], Linda Dobell [ Mrs Speight ], Tom Harrison [ Mr Maskell ], Chris Brailsford [ Maskell's neighbor ], Anthony Milner [ Sound technician ], Richard Maplecroft [ Barman ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Sgt Bill Wells, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Mark Howard
Frost is assigned to investigate a series of non-violent break-ins at the homes of elderly people for the purpose of theft, which does not excite his enthusiasm. Then there are a couple of brutal attacks on elderly women for seemingly no reason, which does get him energised. He knows that he has to catch the culprit before he kills again. WPC Wallace uncovers similarities with a series of attacks in Plymouth two years previously. Frost is helped by a newly-assigned female detective, DS Maureen Lawson, who also offers him advice on his personal life, as a consequence of which he invites Shirley Fisher out for dinner when they run into each other again at the hospital.
gs: Neil Dudgeon [ Det Const Costello ], Felicity Montagu [ Anne Butler ], Gerard Horan [ Ray Butler ], Barry Jackson [ Walter Peters ], Albert Welling [ Dr Royce Patten ], Vivienne Ritchie [ Linda Patten ], Marion Bailey [ Eileen Grant ], Michael Feast [ Trevor Hine ], Linda Bassett [ Mrs Cornish ], Ewen Bremner [ Gordon Hicks ], Christopher Penney [ Ben Cornish ], James Saxon [ Mortuary attendant ], Tony Bluto [ Security guard ], Sue Cleaver [ Patten's receptionist ], Lorraine Peters [ Butler's neighbor ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Mike Austin, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
Frost is assigned a new Detective Constable, Costello, who has been demoted from Inspector for assaulting a senior police officer, and who has an attitude problem with his new role in the police force, not helped by the junior ranks of Denton Police rubbing his face in it. Frost is called out when a dead body is discovered in a flooded public conveniences, which he recognises as a long-time drug addict, Ben Cornish. He and Dr McKenzie assume the death was accidental and drug-related, but the post-mortem surprisingly shows that he was beaten and kicked to death. The trail to the culprit involves raking up a local doctor's past, tracing the people with whom Cornish was sharing a squat, and dealing with his family, who have mixed emotions about his death. Frost also decides to confront an aspect of his own past, and tries to renew his friendship with Eileen Grant, the woman with whom he was having an affair before his wife became ill.
gs: Amelda Brown [ Pauline Cook ], Terence Budd [ Martin Cook ], Vanessa Hadaway [ Joanne ], Gavin Richards [ Les Wingham ], Bill Leadbitter [ Gordon Perryman ], Len Collin [ Nick Daish ], Melsada Pantry [ Clare Bamtema ], Brian Bovell [ Terry Bamtema ], Angela Clarke [ Tara Holdsworth ], Emma Jane Lavin [ Kelly Power ], Dougal Davis [ Stephen Galloway ], Zoe Hilson [ Emma Fox ], James Bowers [ Shaun Pascoe ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Gerardean McHugh [ Josie ], Neale Goodrum [ Minicab controller ], Jean Ainslie [ Mrs Collings ], Sharon Akerboom [ Mrs Daish ], Owen Aaronovitch [ Man with dog ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Sandy Longford, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Det Const Ketley, PC Simms, PC Mike Austin
Frost is invited to a reunion of fellow George Cross recipients in London, but he finds every excuse to avoid it, until he asks Shirley Fisher to accompany him, though he still forgets to turn up for her. A teenage girl, Alison Cook, goes missing after coming home from school early, and Frost fears she may have been a victim of a serial rapist who has been active in Denton in recent months. Frost has been at pains to help the victims, and revisits some of them to try to find a new lead, and uncovers a connection with the father of the missing teenager. Higher authorities in the police force add to the pressure by threatening to replace him on the case, which leads him to try a desperate measure of using WPC Hazel Wallace as a decoy, but it exposes her to serious danger.
gs: Matthew Marsh [ Det Ch Insp Charlie Hawkes ], Rupert Holliday-Evans [ Richard Martin ], Harriet Bagnall [ Sally Martin ], Timmy Lang [ Billy Conrad ], Vilma Hollingbery [ Jeanette Conrad ], Arthur Whybrow [ Dave Conrad ], Elizabeth Estensen [ Susan Mackintosh ], Nick Reding [ John Parker ], Heather Canning [ Mrs Tenant ], Mandy Hoskins [ Jane Kennedy ], Rob Edwards [ Dr Drabble ], Karen Lewis [ Maddie Knight ], Susan Colverd [ Mrs Prentice ], David Killick [ Pathologist ], Sam Graham [ Simon Carter ], Helena Little [ Alison Curtis ], Tristan Maguire [ Bradshaw ], Alex Wilkinshaw [ Pearce ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Melanie Ramsey [ WPC Morgan ], Peter Mair [ Magistrate ], Steve Yule [ Man outside court ], Tony Westrope [ Officer in van ], Katie Scales [ Tricia Martin ], Ricky-Lee Mays [ Daryl ]
rc: Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, PC Simms
Tricia Martin, an 8-year-old girl is missing, and the last person to have seen her is Billy Conrad, a gentle young man with Down's syndrome, but who appears to be hiding something. Frost's superior, DCI Hawkes, believes Conrad is guilty, but Frost pursues other lines of enquiry, leading him to question a London officer, who has been visiting the Denton police social club, about a motorcyclist who has been photographing joyriders in Beningfield Woods, where Martin's body is subsequently found.
gs: Michael Byrne [ Alex Ormrod ], Allie Byrne [ Ruth Ormrod ], Nathaniel Parker [ Stephen Milmore ], Richard Graham [ Tony Walder ], Jean Leppard [ Pam Walder ], Tat Whalley [ Nick Walder ], Sean Pertwee [ Darren Michael "Dazza" Scott ], Mary Healy [ Kate ], Del Henney [ John Kerns ], Duncan Bell [ Peter Winrow ], Phillip Joseph [ Stratton ], Malcolm Sinclair [ Chief Constable ], Rachael Weaver [ Diane Cooper ], Peter McNamara [ Trevor Cooper ], Derren Litten [ PC Hobbs ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Nimmy March [ Mrs Pardoe ], David Killick [ Pathologist ], Constance Byrne [ Female protester ], Sally Cassin [ A & E nurse ], Joanna Dolan [ Girl at takeaway ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Clive Barnard, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Ernie Trigg, PC Simms
An odd group of animal rights advocates attempting to sabotage a foxhunt at Denton Lacey includes a working-class teenager, Nick Walder, who is murdered by a severe blow to the head. Then another person associated with the anti-hunt protesters, a landscape gardener named Tom Cody, is found in the local woods dead by a shotgun blast. Frost is re-assigned the chief constable's nephew, DC Clive Barnard. Frost's investigations into the two deaths and any possible links take him to tea with the local squire and leading huntsman, Alex Ormrod, though Supt Mullett is apprehensive lest he upset the gentry. Meanwhile he fears his new housekeeper, Kate, is trying to get her feet under the table, and he strikes up his relationship with Shirley Fisher again.
b: 15 Jan 95 w: Christopher Russell d: UNCREDITED
gs: Larry Lamb [ Mike Ross ], Jon Morrison [ Ron Bignall ], Berwick Kaler [ Dave Leecroft ], Jason Cheater [ Adie Carr ], Craig Kelly [ Paul Gower ], Sekai Matimba [ Jamie Todd ], Alan Hunter [ Colin Drysdale ], Annie Tyson [ Wendy Drysdale ], Joseph Kpobie [ Darren Matthews ], Melissa Wilson [ Nicola Balmer ], Jane Wall [ Tonia Reece ], Joe Duttine [ Terry Blakeway ], Ismail Taylor-Kamara [ Vince Tyson ], Danny Dyer [ Shaun Everett ], James Ottaway [ Mr Adams ], Margaret Kinnon [ Kirsty Adams ], Kenny Baker-Brown [ Dean Wilks ], Karl Haynes [ Ray Walsh ], Caroline Harding [ A & E sister ], Paul Slack [ Tenant ], Amjad Saleen [ Hospital doctor ], Glenn Cunningham [ Fisherman ], Richard Sinnott [ Estate agent ], Tracey Booth [ Reception nurse ], Steve Ryan [ Football steward ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Sandy Longford, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Ernie Trigg, Det Const Ketley
Frost's Saturday afternoon is disrupted by the discovery of a man's body floating in the river, and it turns out that he is not who he claimed to be, which was Colin Drysdale, a local headteacher. The mystery man is only ever known as 'Dead Male One' or 'Appendix Man'. Events become more intriguing when Adie Carr, the star player of the local soccer team, Denton Athletic, collapses during a press conference, following an incident on the pitch in which he received head injuries, but it turns out he had been poisoned. Two other members are being harrassed in various ways. Despite further missed dates, Frost decides to sell his house and move in with Shirley Fisher.
gs: Sally Dexter [ Det Sgt Maureen Lawson ], Billy Murray [ Bill Boxley ], Susan Brown [ Stella Boxley ], Dorian MacDonald [ Kevin Boxley ], Charlotte Cornwell [ Marion Parfitt ], Amanda Harris [ Liz Kelsey ], Rachel Robertson [ Rachel Mostyn ], Stephen Jameson [ Stuart Penrice ], David Carr [ Michael Heathfield ], Huggy Leaver [ Des Conrad ], Shirin Taylor [ Helen Cartwright ], James Hayes [ Jimmy Dunne ], Charlie Creed-Miles [ Alan Teal ], Kate Maravan [ Jamie Webster ], Craig Pocknell [ PC Heaton ], Alice MacDonald [ Receptionist ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Ernie Trigg, PC Simms
There is an armed payroll snatch at the local family-run Boxley glassworks, during which an employee is shot dead. The owner, Bill Boxley, who is one of the witnesses, is then threatened, and goes into hiding. The family has a tangled web of personal relationships, which Frost has to understand, in order to find who is doing the threatening. Meanwhile, Shirley Fisher's mother dies, and Frost fails to attend the funeral. When DS Lawson investigates a case of a "live-in burglar", she lets business and personal relationships mix, with serious consequences.
gs: Marc Warren [ Graham McCardy ], Linda Henry [ Sue Venables ], Danny Webb [ Karl Edwards ], Ysobel Gonzalez [ Linda Brook ], Colette Brown [ WPC Claire Toms ], Juanne Fuller [ Jo Thorn ], Emma Cunniffe [ Michelle Robins ], Olwen May [ Doctor ], Richard Stone [ Store manager ], Owen Aaronovitch [ Fire officer ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Const Mark Howard, Sgt Don Brady, PC Simms, Det Const Ketley
Frost's house is burned down, and he moves in with a colleague temporarily. A mysterious, ruthless kidnapper on a motorcycle tests Frost's skills to the limit. It proves a tough case to crack, and for the abducted woman, time is running out.
gs: Nicholas Jones [ Major Harvey ], Ralph Brown [ Capt Carlisle ], Saira Todd [ Sgt Donovan ], Cherith Mellor [ Mrs Meredith ], Ian Flintoff [ Mr Meredith ], Sam Kelly [ Scully ], Will Knightley [ Barry Hockey ], David Bradley [ Les James ], Matthew Scurfield [ Dave Chaplin ], Eileen O'Brien [ Mrs Hockey ], Diana Davies [ Mrs James ], Daniel Newman [ Steve Marson ], Rosalind March [ Mrs Marson ], Andrew Wilde [ Cavendish ], Marston Bloom [ Capt Ward ], John Light [ Pte Meredith ], Jake Wood [ Pte Kemp ], Mark Letheren [ Lance Cpl Morison ], Benedict Sandiford [ Pte Richards ], Harmage Singh Kalirai [ Said ], Ciaran O'Doherty [ Det Const Stevenson ], Luke Morgan Oliver [ Harry James ], Sarah Oliver [ Julie James ], Badi Uzzaman [ Old Indian man ], Francis Lee [ Soldier at gate ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, WPC Jane Brent, PC Craven
Frost is held at gunpoint by a teenage drugs dealer, a Territorial soldier is shot dead on an exercise, and a security van of a local company is robbed by a sawn-off shotgun-wielding gang. Frost investigates the three incidents, suspecting that the soldier's death was not an accident, and that the robbery was an inside job, and tries to find any links between them. His intrusions onto the army base stir up hostility from the commanding officer, Major Harvey, but he manages to get on better with the Military Police investigating officer, Capt Carlisle.
gs: Neil Stuke [ Det Sgt Frank Nash ], Michael Kitchen [ Jonathan Meyerbridge ], David Ryall [ Edward Gull ], Belinda Sinclair [ Ruth Meyerbridge ], Sara Stevens [ Milly Atkinson ], Malcolm Terris [ Sykes ], Maggie Shevlin [ Gwen Holland ], Lill Roughley [ Mrs Charteris ], Glyn Grain [ Boris Ivanovich ], Sally Rogers [ Vicky Philips ], Kacey Ainsworth [ Carole Nash ], Joanne Wootton [ Helen ], Anthony Lewis [ Barnabas Meyerbridge ], Adam Scourfield [ Matthew Meyerbridge ], Sarah Doubery/Dubery(?) [ Sarah Meyerbridge ], Tim Barker [ Newsagent at ram raid ], Lorraine Sass [ Female patient ], Dan Armour [ Committee member ], Kittie Prince [ Betty Gunner ], Craig Pocknell [ PC Heaton ], Brendan Gore [ Big Dave ], Ruth Regan [ Woman at ram raid ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Ch Insp Peters, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, PC Simms, Det Const Lambert, WPC Jane Brent, PC Craven
When a beautiful young woman physiotherapist, Vicky Philips, is found viciously stabbed to death in her car in a car park, Frost consults the victim's personal organiser, from which a trail leads him to the religious community of the New Union Church, and their solicitor. But when progress is slow, he and his new assistant from London, DS Nash, are assigned to help DCI Peters investigate a series of ram raids.
b: 21 Jan 96 w: Robert Smith d: Peter Smith
gs: Russell Hunter [ Det Sgt Prentice ], Mel Martin [ Jane Fanshawe ], Joanna David [ Prue Hastings ], Martin Jarvis [ Harvey Wade ], Rebecca Lacey [ Anne-Marie Pearce ], Jan Harvey [ Yvonne Newbiggin ], Peter Wight [ Cyril Pearce ], James Faulkner [ Clifford Hastings ], Judith Paris [ Florence Allott & Barbara Dutton ], David Dixon [ Barry Curzon ], Jonathan Phillips [ Damien Law aka Frankie Barton ], Tilly Vosburgh [ Joy Barton ], Christopher Driscoll [ Bob Bowker ], Helen Pearson [ Addie Parsons ], Eric Mallett [ Ron ], Anthony Schaeffer [ Lawyer ], Gordon Banks [ Himself ], Simon Cunningham [ Colin Barton ], Frances Shergold [ Katie Barton ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Rosalie Martin, Sandy Longford, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, WPC Jane Brent, Det Ch Insp Peters, Sgt Don Brady, PC Craven
A woman commits suicide naked in public, and Frost connects her death with the later death of a gigolo. He discovers that the dead man had business with several women in Denton. Meanwhile there appears to be a series of break-ins at the local cricket pavilion, and Supt Mullett, who is a member, orders Frost to investigate them as well as the murder.
gs: Tamzin Malleson [ Helen Tudor ], Charlotte Bellamy [ Jamie Merrick ], Damian Lewis [ Adam Weston ], Darren Tighe [ Tony Jarvis ], Jonathan Hyde [ Dr Keith Michaelson ], Gillian Bevan [ Suzanne Michaelson ], Simon Coates [ Simon Marsh ], Stephanie Turner [ Mrs Jarvis ], Jay Simpson [ Peter Bainbridge ], Francis Magee [ Rod Bainbridge ], Katrina Levon [ WPC Lindsey Hunter ], Martin Walsh [ Richard ], Rachel Lumberg [ Laura ], Amerjit Deu [ Anil Chandani ], Ian Curtis [ Gareth King ], Paul Alexander [ Ken Tudor ], Peter Needham [ Caretaker ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Sgt Clive Barnard, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Const Ketley, PC Simms
A sub-postmistress is fatally stabbed in a small-scale robbery, and Frost wastes a lot of time questioning the leading suspects. Then, Helen Tudor, a beautiful first-year psychology student and keen swimmer at Denton University, is attacked on the campus, and suspicion initially falls on her psychology tutor, Keith Michaelson, but Frost's investigations uncover a link with the death of another beautiful young girl swimmer two years earlier, in another town.
gs: Philip Stone [ Finch ], Miles Anderson [ Sir Richard Cordwell ], Stephen Moyer [ Det Const Burton ], Michael Angelis [ Reggie Stansfield ], Carol Harrison [ Susie Stansfield ], Gwyneth Powell [ Kitty Rayford ], Damian Warren [ PC Packer ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Helena McCarthy [ Mrs Way ], Sarah Smart [ Carol Stansfield ], Daniel Casey [ Gratin ], Jean Marie Coffey [ Julie Kirkby ], Laura Strachan [ Tracey Neal ], Jake Nightingale [ Terry Green ], Tony Curran [ Craig Hudson ], Fiona Dolman [ Fiona ], Bruce Jones [ Tommy Dunstan ], Stephanie Putson [ Joy Anderton ], Francesco Bruno [ Bobby Kirkby ], Sam Townend [ Dean Anderton ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt Liz Maud, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, Det Const Collier, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Const Lambert
A ruthless kidnapper holds a supermarket chain to ransom by threatening the life of a young boy.
gs: Peter Gunn [ Sydney Snell ], Gwyneth Powell [ Kitty Rayford ], Emer Gillespie [ Nurse Julie Fleming ], Norman Tyrrell [ Harbin ], Tom Radcliffe [ Mark Grover ], Melanie Jessop [ Caroline Fleming/Evans ], Ian Peck [ Phil Collard ], Caroline O'Neill [ Maggie Hoxton ], Shelagh Fraser [ Mrs Hinkley ], Grant Masters [ Den Milton ], Virginia Fiol [ Lily Turner ], Amanda Garwood [ Lady GP ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Dermot Heaney [ Dougie Cooper ], Polly Kemp [ Dr Hamilton ], Myles Hoyle [ Maltby ], Shelley Willetts [ Mrs Milton ], Peter Geddis [ Neighbour ], Peter Waddington [ Rail inspector ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Sandy Longford, Det Ch Insp Peters, Det Sgt Liz Maud, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Const Collier, PC Ernie Trigg
The body of Lemmy Hoxton, a small-time burglar, is found at an abandoned farm. There is a spate of break-ins where the intruder gives the sleeping children injections, which reminds Frost of a similar series a few years earlier. A man returns home late one night to find his children dead and his wife missing. Frost's investigations make as many demands on his compassion as on his professional expertise, and he makes a serious error of judgement.
gs: Anthony Calf [ James Barr ], David Beames [ Alex Barr ], Eoin McCarthy [ Father Sullivan ], Gwyneth Strong [ Det Supt Bailey ], Gwyneth Powell [ Kitty Rayford ], Yolanda Vazquez [ Jeanette Barr ], Noel Johnson [ Father Clark ], Jason Riddington [ Richard Sheridan ], Jane Wymark [ Fiona Barr ], Kenneth Cope [ Charlie Fairclough ], Alexandra Gilbreath [ Jackie Sheridan ], Angela Lonsdale [ WPC Harman ], David MacCreedy [ Det Insp Moore ], Sally Adams [ Penny ]
rc: Rosalie Martin, Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A man's church confession provides an insight into what appears to be a straightforward murder. But before Frost can make an arrest, he is suspended over the outcome of a related case 10 years earlier.
gs: Anthony Bate [ Charlie Lawson ], Dean Harris [ Terry Wilson ], Jean Rimmer [ Dr Stone ], Luisa Bradshaw-White [ Joanna ], Edward Purver [ Matthew Lawson ], Laura Crossley [ Rachel Lawson ], Ashlie Walker [ Suzanne Lawson ], Stacey Winfield [ Melanie (Blackpool waitress) ], Mark Lambert [ Peter Lawson ], Jean Heywood [ Olive ], Charles Simon [ Harry ], Diana Payan [ Eva ], Diane Keen [ Janet ], Dave Fishley [ Lee Wilson (Matthew's workmate) ]
rc: Rosalie Martin, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Ch Insp Peters, Sgt Don Brady, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Sgt Clive Barnard, WPC Holland, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost investigates two domestic cases. The first is the tragically straightforward murder of a cantankerous old man by his wife. The other is a more cruelly deceptive one, in which a man is killed, and his son and one of his daughters go missing: Frost tracks them down to Blackpool, where she has gone for an abortion - but who was the father? The answer leads him and DS Barnard into a tragic confrontation with an armed and dangerous paedophile.
gs: Cheryl Campbell [ Diana Grey ], Dominic Letts [ Lester Bryce-Jones ], Suzan Sylvester [ Debbie Viner ], Kate McEnery [ Leonie Viner ], Peter Kelly [ Brian ], Ian Driver [ Det Const Chris Jordan ], David Blair [ PC Martins ], Thomas Wheatley [ Chief Constable ], Simone Bendix [ Joanna Kenworthy ], Jane Wheldon [ Mrs Dale ], Judy Browne [ Staff nurse ], Alison Lintott [ Miss Dill ], Joseph Kpobie [ Darren Matthews ], Phil Atkinson [ Petrol attendant ], Chris Armstrong [ Fisherman ], Rupert Degas [ Insurance rep ], Bev Willis [ Barman ], Paul Williamson [ Chairman ], David Summer [ TV journalist ], Peter Glancy [ Hospital porter ], Christopher Grimes [ Shop assistant ], Nick Wilkinson [ Ian Priest (Appendix man) ], The Lydian String Quartet [ Musicians ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Sandy Longford, Det Sgt Hazel Wallace, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Hazel Wallace returns from her training, as the new Detective Sergeant, and is put to work by Supt Mullett sorting out the mess of paperwork left behind by DI Frost, while Frost is on extended compassionate leave, as Mullett is up for promotion. Meanwhile Frost takes posession of his house upon completion of the repairs and refurbishment paid for by the insurance company following the earlier fire. Before long Wallace is called upon, when a man is found hanged in his home, and she suspects it was not suicide. Routine investigations show that a fresh set of fingerprints at the scene belong to an unidentified man, naed 'Appendix Man', who had been found drowned a year previously in Denton's river. Frost is summoned back by Supt Mullett to sort things out, and he connects a painting that appears to have been stolen from the hanged man with an art robbery & murder eight years before at the local Black Farm.
gs: Emma Kay [ WPC Roberts ], Niall O'Brien [ Gerry Ryan ], Tom Georgeson [ Jim Scott ], Cyril Nri [ Warren Barber ], Ginny Holder [ Naomi Barber ], Martin Gower [ Geoff Owens ], Eluned Jones [ Christine Owens ], Daniel Betts [ Mark Owens ], Victoria Allen [ Jane Owens ], Thomas Jamerson [ Rickie Bayley ], Linda Armstrong [ Det Insp Alice Beale ], James Barriscale [ PC Tom Haliday ], Trevor Sellers [ Allen Deering ], Elizabeth Downes [ Marjorie Deering ], Gilly Coman [ Julia Ryan ], Steve Osbourne [ Harry Radcliffe ], Howard Crossley [ Dave Hurley ], Jenny Howe [ Anne Waldron ], Joe Montana [ Joop ], Liam Barr [ Boy ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady
Frost has trouble remembering to pay his household bills, and offers to take in a junior colleague, who is a trainee dog handler, and his trainee dog. Frost has to investigate two deaths simultaneously: a homeless teenage girl, Jane Owens, found beaten up and drowned in Denton's river; and that of an environmental health officer, Warren Barber, after a dismembered arm is washed up on the shoreline on the other side of England, near Hull. The first investigation takes him into the world of Denton's homeless; the second leads to the investigation of a local meat processing factory.
gs: Philip Jackson [ Det Sgt Sharpe ], Peter Egan [ Richard Darrow ], Paloma Baeza [ Rachel Darrow ], Maureen O'Brien [ Marion ], Ross Boatman [ Owen Kimble ], Rachel Power [ Emily Kimble ], Tom Chadbon [ Graham Rutherford ], David Blair [ PC Martins ], Lesley Clare O'Neill [ Paula ], Paul Brightwell [ Leo Armfield ], Jerome Willis [ Walker ], Sidney Livingstone [ Security guard ], Timothy Davies [ Dr Jones ], Jane Snowden [ Sister ], Nick Lucas [ Don ], Philip Bowen [ Charlie ], Timothy Kightley [ Jeff ], John Arthur [ Pub landlord ], Peter Benson [ Bernard Elliott ], David J Nicholls [ Garmon ], Caroline Woodruff [ Alison ], Tracey Leigh Hunt [ Bryony Darrow ]
rc: Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg, WPC Holland
A woman is found in a critical condition in a quiet village on the outskirts of Denton, a victim of an apparent hit-and-run incident. Her husband and daughter are distraught. Frost's investigation exposes the secret life of a corner of rural England.
gs: Melanie Thaw [ Asst Chief Const Anne Cremond ], Alexi Kaye Campbell [ Richie Dearne ], Danny Nussbaum [ Luke Hands ], John Warnaby [ Warrinder ], Anthony Smee [ Teddy Joyner ], Manouk van der Meulen [ Marijke Hoogenbloem ], Jonathan Coy [ Ben Pecksmith ], Hannah Yelland [ Philly Williams ], Michele Winstanley [ Nicky ], David Gillies [ Det Insp Holmes ], Liz May Brice [ WPC Clarke ], Hetty Baynes [ Amanda ], Dallas Campbell [ Simon Renfrew ], Richard Hampton [ Dr Hart ], Arthur Kelly [ Pain-Bartender ], Tim Hans [ Golf Pro ], Charles McCurdy [ Magistrate ], Keith Ladd [ Usher ], Joseph Kerr [ Drugs officer ], James King [ PC #1 ], Adam Riches [ PC #2 ], Andy Reece [ PC #3 ], Craig Pocknell [ PC Heaton (PC at Fulford Woods) ]
rc: Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Sgt Dorridge, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost is called upon by Supt Mullett to investigate the theft of his friend's car from their golf club by a confidence trickster, who leaves behind a trail of satisfied golfing widows, unpaid bar bills and stolen cars. It gets complicated when the car is recovered with the body of a local drugs dealer in the boot. What are the connections between the car owner, the con-man and the dead drug dealer?
gs: Nicky Henson [ Det Supt Larry Finlay ], Beth Goddard [ Helen Fox ], Georgia Mackenzie [ WPC Susan Kavanagh ], Christopher Hollis [ Det Insp Mark Newcombe ], Daniel Caltagirone [ Ray English ], Ben Caplan [ Sam Goodwin ], Emma Cooke [ Sally Wainwright ], Amanda Haberland [ Tracy Cockroft ], Tara Moran [ Anne Moore ], Martina Laird [ Miriam Madikane ], David Spinx [ Dick Rycroft ], Trevor Byfield [ George English ], Ryan Leigh [ Keith ], Sally Knyvette [ Mrs Harper ], Michael Simkins [ Mr Harper ], Ian Embleton [ Dennis Tanner ], Osmund Bullock [ Peter Davidson ], Bernard Holley [ Chief Constable ], Ali Bastion /Bastian [ Lisa Harper ], Heather Phoenix [ Bank cashier ], Jack Chissick [ Man with cat ], Lesley Nicol [ Mrs Cockroft ], Joan Campion [ Mrs Lampkin ], Justin Burrows [ DC Tim Fox ], Graeme Hawley [ RCS Det 1 ], Sarah Niles [ WPC 1 ], Kati Williamson [ RCS Det ], Paula Masdon [ Canteen lady ], Andrew Norris [ Barman ], Christine Brennan [ WPC 2 ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt Dorridge, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost's Christmas is overshadowed by a local power station worker falling to his death in a mysterious accident, shortly after he was burgled. Then a young police detective, Tim Fox, is murdered, and Frost wonders if it really is related to the large investigation he was working on to uncover a car theft gang.
gs: Nicky Henson [ Det Supt Larry Finlay ], Beth Goddard [ Helen Fox ], Georgia Mackenzie [ WPC Susan Kavanagh ], Christopher Hollis [ Det Insp Mark Newcombe ], Daniel Caltagirone [ Ray English ], Ben Caplan [ Sam Goodwin ], Emma Cooke [ Sally Wainwright ], Amanda Haberland [ Tracy Cockroft ], Tara Moran [ Anne Moore ], Martina Laird [ Miriam Madikane ], David Spinx [ Dick Rycroft ], Trevor Byfield [ George English ], Ryan Leigh [ Keith ], Heather Phoenix [ Bank cashier ], Lesley Nicol [ Mrs Cockroft ], Joan Campion [ Mrs Lampkin ], Andrew Norris [ Barman ], Christine Brennan [ WPC 2 ], James Telfer [ Menzies Hamilton ], Andrew Reece [ Marksman ], Adrian Schiller [ Solicitor ], Nicholas Hutchinson [ Vicar ], Richard Stone [ Security guard ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Sgt Dorridge, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost continues to try to identify the detective's killer. The task is complicated by a bizarre series of pet shootings, about which he is reluctantly forced to seek help from a computer system run by a seconded new junior WPC. His pursuit leads to a confrontation high above a power station.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Joanne Froggatt [ Anne ], David Horovitch [ Jameson ], Arkie Whiteley [ Dr Helena Gibson ], Dermot Crowley [ Dr Bennet ], Frank Kovacs [ Dr Retnik ], Dominic West [ Dr Bill Hughes ], Colin Mace [ Anderson ], Michael Moreland [ PC Prentice ], Colin Farrell [ Lawrence Dale Brewer ], Bill Fellows [ James Ingram ], Sophie Thursfield [ Louise Ingram ], Peter Benedict [ Pinkley ], Peter Edbrook [ Rollo ], Sophie Walker [ Miss Redmond ], Paul Mari [ Track manager ], Clive Hayward [ Paul Hobday ], Sheila Ruskin [ Mrs Royden ], Eamon Geoghehan [ Site manager ], Brigid Zengeni [ Night nurse ], David Durham [ Maintenance man ], Heidi Monsen [ Mrs Stevenson ], Bella Hamblin [ Woman #1 ], Judith Davis [ Woman #2 ], Sue Huggins [ Customer ], Reece Andrews [ PC #1 ], Anthony Fox [ Security manager ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A woman's body is found on a railway line, but was she dead before she was hit by the train? A highly skilled surgeon is reported missing by her colleagues at the local hospital, where there have been an unusually high number of post-operative deaths recently. To cap it all, someone is going around impersonating Frost to commit indecent assaults. Supt Mullett then assigns Frost a new assistant, DS Reid, who has had a chequered career in the police force.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Joanne Froggatt [ Anne ], David Horovitch [ Jameson ], Arkie Whiteley [ Dr Helena Gibson ], Dermot Crowley [ Dr Bennet ], Frank Kovacs [ Dr Retnik ], Dominic West [ Dr Bill Hughes ], Colin Mace [ Anderson ], Michael Moreland [ PC Prentice ], Colin Farrell [ Lawrence Dale Brewer ], Bill Fellows [ James Ingram ], Sophie Thursfield [ Louise Ingram ], Sophie Walker [ Miss Redmond ], Sheila Ruskin [ Mrs Royden ], Jeremy Child [ Hamilton, Snr ], Matyelock Gibbs [ Mrs Brandon ], Vass Anderson [ Mr Brandon ], David Birkin [ Tim Hamilton ], Gabriel Crosse [ Robbie Jensen ], John Ashton [ Ridley ], Chloe Buswell [ Madelane ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Gordon Salkilld [ Patient ], Janet Behan [ Mother ], Philip Cumbus [ Teenager #1 ], Rupert Mealing [ Teenager #2 ], Brigid Zengeni [ ICU night nurse ], David Blair [ Policeman #4 ], Flo Wilson [ Nursing sister ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
While investigating the source of a supply of contraband cigarettes, DS Reid finds the impersonator, but is seriously assaulted before he can arrest him, and is taken to the hospital, coincidentally to the ward that has been suffering the post-operative deaths, the cause of which Frost realises before it is too late for Reid. Frost's continuing investigations into the death of the surgeon lead him into extreme danger, when he is cornered by the callous murderer.
gs: Susan Penhaligon [ Pam Hartley ], Michelle Joseph [ Det Const Ronni Lonnegan ], Michael Cochrane [ HMI Babcock ], Barrie Ingham [ Arnold Harris ], Jason Merrells [ Michael Patterson ], Julian Wadham [ Harry Monkton ], Annette Ekblom [ Fiona Monkton ], Gerrard McArthur [ Paul Harris ], Sherry Baines [ Jean Harris ], Barry Jackson [ Walter ], Jonjo O'Neill [ Jeffrey Meadows ], James Flynn [ Paul Matthews ], Kate Maberly [ Melanie Monkton ], Sidney Kean [ Fabriani ], Ben McCosker [ Stevie Nesbit ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Natalie Morse [ Rita ], Sarah Nash [ Mrs Pomeroy ], Martin Oldfield [ Speaker ], Andrew French [ Engineer ], Colin Meredith [ Canoe instructor ], Reece Andrews [ Officer ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg, Sgt Don Brady
A body with no identification is found in a local reservoir, and a couple fall victim to a brutal killer in their own home. Frost is assigned a new, female, West Indian detective constable, Ronni Lonnegan, and gets off to a bad start with a few racially-insensitive remarks. He then reluctantly accepts the help of a psychological profiler, psychiatrist Pam Hartley, who he met at a conference. Meanwhile, there is an inspection of Denton Police underway, and Frost's old-fashioned methods are not endearing him to the inspector, so Supt Mullett is forced to give him more support than usual.
gs: Susan Penhaligon [ Pam Hartley ], Michelle Joseph [ Det Const Ronni Lonnegan ], Michael Cochrane [ HMI Babcock ], Barrie Ingham [ Arnold Harris ], Jason Merrells [ Michael Patterson ], Julian Wadham [ Harry Monkton ], Annette Ekblom [ Fiona Monkton ], Barry Jackson [ Walter ], Jonjo O'Neill [ Jeffrey Meadows ], James Flynn [ Paul Matthews ], Kate Maberly [ Melanie Monkton ], Ben McCosker [ Stevie Nesbit ], Michael Bertenshaw [ Tony Chalmers ], Muriel Barker [ Evelyn Post ], Liam Noble [ Lionel Grange ], Joanna Bacon [ Tessa Meadows ], Elliott Young [ Billy Simpson ], Joanne Allen [ Susan Talbot ], Reece Andrews [ Officer ], Steve Weston [ Engineer ], Phyllis McMahon [ Irene Malloy ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg, Sgt Don Brady
Background enquiries turn up two previous deaths, which appear related to the case. But their initial suspect, armed bank-robber Charlie Lehman, turns out to have died in prison over a year earlier. As they work to profile the killer they are hunting, Frost starts to get close to Hartley personally as well as professionally, though neither realises just how closely she is linked to the case until it is almost too late. Frost has a race against time to find where she is being held.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Beatie Edney [ Sheila Hadley ], Sean Blowers [ Sgt Alan Hadley ], Sophie Stanton [ Cathy Thompson ], Leagh Conwell [ Robbie Thompson ], Helen Masters [ Eileen Cleary ], Michael McKell [ Jack Flynn ], John Harding [ Sullivan ], Donald Sumpter [ Maynard ], Gary Powell [ George Starkey ], Simon Meacock [ Gary Tinley ], Stuart Bowman [ PC Kenny Russell ], Sarah Kirkman [ Det Const Giles ], Robert Horwell [ Det Const Malcolm Chandler ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Danielle Lydon [ Tracy Miller ], Adrian Preater [ Surgeon ], Jeremy Peters [ Senior prison officer ], Reece Andrews [ Team leader ], Julie Higginson [ Patricia ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost is protecting Cathy Thompson, a vital witness to a murder committed by Jack Flynn, who has hired a hit-man to eliminate her. He requests the help again of DS Reid, because of his contacts in the London underworld, where Flynn comes from. But with the hit-man finding the safe house easily, it's obvious that there's a leak coming from someone inside the protection team. Then one of the armed team is shot dead while trying to apprehend a second hit-man. Meanwhile Frost has mislaid his jackpot-winning lottery ticket, and has to get Ernie Trigg to search the station for it.
gs: Jimmy Yuill [ Charles Lightfoot ], Maurice Roëves [ Stuart Mackintosh ], Jane Gurnett [ Janet Carter ], Jim Sturgess [ Laurence Burrell ], Rob Spendlove [ Martin Burrell ], Elizabeth Rider [ Helen Burrell ], Paterson Joseph [ Colin Stokes ], Sheila Whitfield [ Sally Stokes ], Samuel Graham [ Ben Stokes ], Andy De La Tour [ Oscar Manning ], Wayne Foskett [ Les Jameson ], Mike Savage [ Bill Duggan ], Michael Jenn [ Alec McGuiness ], Stephen Rashbrook [ Police doctor ], Ian Barritt [ Mr Weston ], Cate Fowler [ Mrs Weston ], Norman Beg [ Takeaway delivery man ], Liam Fox [ Removal firm guard ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Sgt Hazel Wallace, Sgt Don Brady
Laurence Burrell, an autistic young man, is the only witness to an attack on a security guard at Denton Quarry, but he claims that aliens were responsible. Superintendent Mullett asks Frost to investigate a series of burglaries on homes that have been recently occupied, and drafts him in some help, in the form of Det Sgt Hazel Wallace, who sometimes has to bring her new baby Emma into work. Frost is also suspicious about the link between a local takeaway delivery service and another series of burglaries. Then a seven-year old child of divorced parents goes missing, and the father is unable to account convincingly for his whereabouts in the hours afterwards. Frost wonders if there is a coincidental link between him and the first series of burglaries. Meanwhile, his suspicions are growing about what is happening behind the scenes at the quarry, and how it relates to a proposed large development in the area that would include it.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Alastair Galbraith [ John Palmer ], Emma Amos [ Emma Palmer ], Ryan Watson [ Bobby Palmer ], Heather Louise Cameron [ Helen Palmer ], Nigel Hastings [ Martin Drew ], Jennifer Hennessy [ Elizabeth Drew ], Jamie Knox [ Alan Drew ], Nicholas Woodeson [ Anton Caldwell ], Elizabeth Bennett [ Psychiatrist ], Emma Pierson [ Alice Thompson ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Julia St John [ Amanda Chase ], Anna Keaveney [ Phyliss Morgan ], Dylan Brown [ Phil Stevens ], Amanda Horlock [ Cheryl Stevens ], Richard Vanstone [ Jimmy Holborn ], Huw David Thomas [ Security guard ], Mark Penfold [ Superintendant ], Julie Teal [ Det Const Slater ], Jonathan McGuinness [ Det Const Wilson ], Eileen Dunwoodie [ Det Const Marsden ], Eilis Hetherington [ Asst Chief Const #2 ], Debby Bishop [ Josie Metcalf ], David Slack [ Peter Johnson ], Katherine Tozer [ Young mum ], Caroline Woodruff [ Doctor #1 ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A 10-year-old boy, Bobby Palmer, disappears from the terraces at Denton Football Club in the middle of a match, while his father is distracted. A man's body is found by a roadside, having been hit by a vehicle, but the patholgist suspects he was battered first. Frost finds out that the man was a known pedophile, who was living in Denton without registering with the police. A boy's body is then discovered on a local rubbish tip, but it turns out to be someone other than Bobby Palmer. Soon, Frost realises that there is a pedophile ring operating in Denton, and the race is on to identify them and catch them before more children fall into their clutches. Superintendant Mullett persuades Frost to apply for promotion to Chief Inspector, even though it will result in a transfer away from his beloved CID work to a desk job. And there is the distraction of a secret admirer who is showering Frost with gifts, causing the whole station to wonder who it is, and why.
gs: Sally Dexter [ Det Sgt Maureen Lawson ], Amanda Root [ Delores Delmonte ], Nigel Betts [ Reginald Muldane ], Ken Drury [ Oscar Belmont ], David Cardy [ Len Morrison ], Julia StJohn [ Amanda Chase ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Bernard Holley [ Chief Constable ], Rosie Thomson [ Jenny Burrows ], Hazel Ellerby [ Jay Burrows ], Simon Scott [ Dr Patrick Knight ], Lucy Robinson [ Antonia Knight ], Mona Hammond [ Mrs Chalmers ], Joanna Van Gyseghem [ Mrs Burnley ], Francis Middleditch [ Senior manager ], Taryn Kay [ Shelley Warner ], Sam Dastor [ Ruanda Majendie ], Matthew Cullum [ Dentist ], Adam Deacon [ Darryl Stephens ], Stephen Wight [ Ritchie Mason ], Richard Lloyd [ Stationery shop owner ], Adrian McLoughlin [ Shoe repair man ], Richard A Jones [ Dr Knight's lawyer ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg
Returning from his seven months suspension, Frost is immediately plunged into two parallel murder investigations, despite a defective police lollipop causing him the need for major, painful dentistry. A man's body is pulled from the canal, with £6000 in cash on him, but no identifying papers. Frost's investigations reveal not one, but two, separate lives that he led, and how he financed them. Meanwhile, at a local fridge recycling holding site, a dismembered man's body is found in one of fridges. All the body parts fit together, except that he has two left feet - could he be linked to the local ballroom dancing scene?
gs: Nicholas Burns [ Det Const Jasper Tranter ], Clive Wood [ Stephen Richford ], Jill Baker [ Elizabeth Richford ], Louisa Gilpin [ Sarah Richford ], Claire Cox [ Julie Brown ], Amber Sainsbury [ Heather Wills ], Sandy McDade [ Dianne Hawkins ], Andrew Dunford [ Colin Bayliss ], Patrick Baladi [ Edward D'Arblay ], Ania Dykczak [ Renata ], Julian Rivett [ Terry Hirst ], Zoë Henry [ DC Victoria Cook ], Renny Krupinsky [ Frank Wills ], Peter Forbes [ Morgan ], Jeremy Gittins [ Marcus ], Noel Clarke [ Kenny ], Andy Quine [ Tony Pember ], Simeon Truby [ Peter Lacy ], Sue Ellen Koczwara [ Interpreter ], Simona Dumitrescu-Armstrong [ Ivanna ], Vicky Dobravolski [ Ania ], Reece Andrews [ ARU Commander ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost gets a new assistant, outstanding geography graduate and computer expert DC Jasper Tranter. After fetching Frost an egg sandwich from the canteen, he has to help investigate a man who is found dead at a bottle bank having recently won thousands of pounds on a bet. The trail leads to a pole dancing club, illegal foreign migrants, an escort agency and a gang of people smugglers, and then there is another suspicious death. Meanwhile Frost is being indecisive about whether to join a local gym.
gs: Philip Jackson [ Det Sgt Sharpe ], Sara Stewart [ Martine Phillips ], Jeff Rawle [ Steve Markham ], Danny Webb [ Fr David Rose ], Lia Williams [ Sylvia Ford ], Mick Ford [ Bill Ford ], Julia Dalkin [ Det Const Bennett ], Julia StJohn [ Dr Amanda Chase ], Amanda Royle [ Helen Croft ], Katie Gale [ Lucy Croft ], Rosie Timpson [ Mary Toolan ], Adam Allfrey [ Larry Arnold ], Cornelius Macarthy [ Dr Howell ], Carol Ackerty [ Adele Metcalfe ], Joanna Ingram [ Phillippa Murray ], Simon Hedger [ ICU doctor ], Martin Jones [ Officer ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
DS Toolan is severely injured while assisting Frost prevent a suicide, so Frost gets a temporary new assistant, DS Sharpe. A widow and her teenage daughter are viciously attacked in their own home by an intruder who leaves no trace. Frost's team soon find that the crime matches several others committed in the previous few years, and a psychological profiler, Martine Phillips, is brought in to assist. The killer strikes again far more quickly than expected, so they know that they are close to him, and they have to race against time to identify him from amongst their suspects before he can strike again.
gs: Blake Ritson [ DC Robert Presley ], David Calder [ Kenneth Shaw ], Anton Lesser [ Dennis Prior ], Ruth Gemmell [ Christine Harris ], Gary Sefton [ Kevin Flannagan ], Claire Cox [ Julie Brown ], Sian Brooke [ Carol Haymarsh ], Nila Aalia [ Kiran Desai ], Tim Treloar [ Gerald Harris ], Jonathan Burt [ Malcolm ], Campbell Morrison [ Colin Edwards ], Emily Corrie [ WPC Harmison ], Michael Morgan [ Adam Harris ], Robert Reina [ Solicitor ], Simon Tcherniak [ DI Peter Falco ], James Larkin [ Headmaster ], Ashley Artus [ Zoo man ], Ben Lloyd-Hughes [ Student ], John Draycott [ Security guard ], Richard Avery [ Art shop owner ], Diana O'Hara [ Mrs Shaw ], Laurie Briggs [ Forensic officer ], Kampol Nirawan [ Lahn Loc ], Seamus O'Neill [ Dr Goodwin ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost is called in to investigate when a couple, the Harrises, return home from a caravan holiday to find the naked body of a strange man in their bed. While tackling an unrelated case of the murder of a Vietnamese man, Lahn Loc, he accidentally discovers a cache of rare and exotic animals, which leads him and Scotland Yard to a gang of international illegal animal smugglers.
gs: Keith Barron [ David Crewes ], Jonathan Slinger [ Carl Meyer ], Julia Watson [ Rev Lucy Daniels ], John Castle [ Charlie Collingham ], Paula Wilcox [ Gloria Collingham ], Nicholas Farrell [ Simon Slater ], Elizabeth Berrington [ Babs Sellwood ], Ariyon Bakare [ Jason Cohu ], Joseph Marcell [ Joshua Ray ], Vincent Leigh [ Tom Brody ], Dhafer L'Abidine [ Roman Cassell ], Sarah-Jayne Steed [ Kate McGreavy ], Juliet Howland [ Rachel Munro ], Amber Agar [ Susan Hepworth ], Julian Forsyth [ Chief Constable ], Reece Andrews [ Sgt Compton ], Glenn Cunningham [ Shop manager ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg
Having always maintained his innocence, Carl Meyer is released from prison after serving time for murdering a young girl, who had gone missing but whose body was never discovered. The body of a 14-year-old girl is then unearthed in the locality, and the missing girl's parents, David Crewes and Gloria Collingham, have mixed hopes about whether it will prove to be the body of their daughter. Meanwhile the body of motivational guru Roman Cassell is found in his office budgeoned to death, after a night in which he and a colleague were the objects of a prank by a group of their former trainees in revenge for having been taken advantage of.
gs: Cherie Lunghi [ Det Supt Annie Marsh ], Dearbhla Molloy [ Linda Heal ], Stephen Kennedy [ Andy Heal ], Sarah Ball [ Sarah Heal ], Jason Maza [ John Heal ], Vick Hopps [ Jessica Green ], Daren Elliott Holmes [ Mark Harrison ], Joe Renton [ Tony Woods ], Brett Allen [ Robert Trusham ], Vincent Riotta [ Philip Townsend ], Julia St John [ Amanda Chase ], Daniel Anthony [ Lewis ], Jack Cheyette [ Palmer ], Richard Clews [ Lofty Parker ], Joanne Mitchell [ Joan Atkins ], Sally Hurst [ Trish Monroe ], Rachel Ferjani [ Helen Campbell ], Sagar Arya [ Forensic Officer Nahmad ], James Albrecht [ Brock ], Kenneth Hadley [ Gas company supervisor ], Josephine Cook [ Forecourt woman ], Rupert Mason [ Forecourt man ], Alex Hardy [ Pool manager ], Jacob Krichefsky [ Doctor ], Naomi Capron [ Solicitor ], Don Crann [ Homeless man ], Ann Aris [ Elderly passenger ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost finds himself working again with Det Supt Annie Marsh, a former colleague how got him suspended after making a formal complaint about his handling of a case. They have two cases to work on. A clown is found murdered in an alleyway in Denton town center, after he has robbed a couple of the houses where he has been entertaining children's parties, and where he inadvertantly terrified a child's mother with a phobia of clowns - she later bumps into him in the town center, but can't remember what she did after that. Two people are abducted from a bus late at night: the driver and a female bus company employee. The driver is released, but a search is instigated to find the woman, made more urgent as she is a diabetic and did not have her insulin with her. This latter investigation leads Frost to try a dangerous rescue in a lift shaft, against Marsh's misgivings.
gs: Adrian Lukis [ James Callum ], Tam Williams [ Michael Kahn ], Mel Martin [ Deputy editor ], Sarah Matravers [ Rosemary Ann Morrow ], Paul Shane [ Diesel Bob ], Lauren Ward [ Miriam Walker ], Julia Dalkin [ PC Bennett ], Lucy Jane Bowen [ PC Collins ], Julia St John [ Amanda Chase ], Dwayne Ryan Brown [ Marlon Peters ], Jane Wood [ Margaret Lebouski ], Patrick Marlowe [ Simon Cook ], Andrew Havill [ Howard Gellman ], Aoife McMahon [ Vanessa Allen ], Piotr Baumann [ Toma ], Marina Fedko-Blake [ Elena ], Ash Varrez [ Mr Patel ], Keith Ladd [ Prof Watkins ], Rowe David McClelland [ Councillor ], Susan McArdle [ Waitress ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A shallow grave with three bodies is uncovered, and there is talk of it being a ritual killing, or at least a ritual burial, talked up by Miriam Walker, a visiting North American antiquarian. Separately, a young woman is found murdered in the canal houseboat where she lived alone, and her trail leads to local businessman James Callum.
| Jack Frost |
Which other car company owns Ferrari? | A Touch of Frost (an Episode Guide)
A Touch of Frost
Thu, 14 Jan 2010 01:00
aired from: Dec 1992
David Jason as Detective Inspector William Edward "Jack" Frost
Bruce Alexander as Superintendent Norman "Hornrimmed Harry" Mullett
recurring characters:
Bill Stewart as Sandy Longford
David Gooderson as Derek Simpkins, the pathologist
David McKail as Dr McKenzie
Neil Phillips as Detective Chief Inspector Jim Allen
Nigel Harrison as Detective Chief Inspector Peters
Paul Jesson as Detective Sergeant Dorridge
John Lyons as Detective Sergeant George Toolan
Susannah Doyle as Detective Sergeant Liz Maud
Caroline Harker as Woman Police Constable (later Detective Sergeant) Hazel Wallace
Bill Rourke as Sergeant Arthur Hanlon
Jon Sotherton as Detective Constable Mark Howard
Matt Bardock as Detective Constable (later Detective Sergeant) Clive Barnard
John Webber as Detective Constable Lambert
Jan Graveson as Woman Police Constable Jane Brent
Miranda Pleasance as Woman Police Constable Holland
Arthur White as Police Constable Ernie Trigg
George Thompson as Police Constable Simms
Christopher Rickwood as Police Constable Keith Stringer
Colin Buchanan as Police Constable Mike Austin
production credits:
Simon Lewis , producer [ Series 4 ]
Martyn Auty , producer [ Series 5 & Episodes 38-39 ]
Lars MacFarlane , producer [ Episodes 25-26 ]
Richard Bates , producer [ Episodes 27-36 & 40 ], & executive producer
David Reynolds , producer [ Episodes 27-36 & 40 ], & executive producer
"Care and Protection"
gs: Claire Hackett [ Linda Uphill ], Ralph Nossek [ Gerald Powell ], Helen Blatch [ Annie Stephanopolous ], Sion Tudor Owen [ Barry James Farnham (Brian Farnham in credits) ], Tim Wylton [ Ronald Garwood ], Arbel Jones [ Tricia Harding ], Rachel Victoria Roberts [ Mary-Louise Harding ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Martin Moss [ PC Lambert ], Irene Skillington [ Forensic technician ], Martin Pearson [ Darren Brennand (Sean Brennand in credits) ], Phil Croft [ Young Felton ], Peter Quilter [ Young Garwood ], Katy Landis [ Bank clerk ], Janet George [ Nurse ], Tricia Thorns [ Miss Grey (pathologist's secretary) ], Otis Munyangiri [ Boy in church hall ], Olive Pendleton [ Mrs Powell ], Rebecca Ricketts [ Tracy Uphill ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Sandy Longford, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Const Clive Barnard, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Const Mark Howard, WPC Hazel Wallace, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
Det Insp William Edward, "Jack", Frost alternates his police duties in Denton, a town in southern England near Bristol, with nursing his terminally-ill wife, Mary, leaving her in the care of nurse Shirley Fisher during the day. He is assigned a new Detective Constable, Clive Barnard, the nephew of the chief constable, to assist him in the investigation of a missing young child, Tracy Uphill. Barnard incidentally discovers that Frost has been awarded the George Cross not long before, for trying to disarm a man, being shot twice in the incident. While looking for the missing girl in local woods, the police uncover a man's severed arm chained to a locked strong box, which turns out to be empty. Checking with Sandy Longford, the editor of the local Denton Evening News, identifies it with the robbery of two men making a bank transfer that occurred 30 years previously. Soon after Frost interviews the survivor of the robbery, Ronald Garwood, he is found shot dead, by the same gun that killed the other man at the time. Frost's wife finally dies, at Denton Hospital, leaving him bemused and with just his work to occupy his life now. He correctly identifies the person behind the robbery and killings, though this involves him with another face-down with an armed person, and the girl is handed in to the hospital.
gs: Tony Haygarth [ Det Sgt Gilmore ], Diane Bull [ Cheryl Bartlett ], Charles Dale [ Colin Fletcher ], John Vine [ Michael Bell ], Amanda Elwes [ Alex Compton ], Dominic Jephcott [ George Compton ], Annabel Leventon [ Marion ], Denise Black [ Jen Hamilton ], Steve Swinscoe [ Sean Hamilton ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Fred Pearson [ Church warden ], John Bleasdale [ Bernard Hicks ], Sean Carnegie [ Damien Cooper ], Janet Kay [ Mrs Cooper ], Merelina Kendall [ Mrs Blakiston ], Bunny May [ Geoffrey Rickman ], Edward Pinner [ Forensic operative ], Tricia Thorns [ Miss Grey (pathologist's secretary) ], Robert Whelan [ Fire officer ], Ian Taylor [ Undertaker ], Lee Whitlock [ Apprentice ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Det Const Mark Howard, WPC Hazel Wallace, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
Frost's sister-in-law, Marion, has come over from the US for his wife's funeral, but her staying at his house leads to friction, and she returns home prematurely. Frost is assigned another assistant, Det Sgt Gilmore. As DCI Allen is still on medical leave, Denton's incoming cases fall to Frost. These are a missing teenage girl, Paula Bartlett, and the case of a woman who has been receiving threatening phone calls and suffering malicious pranks. In addition to the staff shortage, the police station's central heating has broken down. While investigating an unrelated complaint about vandalism in a churchyard, Frost discovers the body of the missing girl, and the ensuing murder hunt focuses on the paper round that she failed to complete on the morning of her disappearance and death. Frost cannot do much to protect Alex Compton, the victim of the threats, and that night the police are called to her house, to find it engulfed in flames, with her husband dead inside and her unconscious on the lawn. The fire officers detect the petrol that shows it to have been arson, and Frost has his own ideas on who started it.
gs: George Anton [ Det Const Webster ], Vincent Regan [ PC David Shelby ], Sue Johnston [ Phyllis Bowman ], Ben Daniels [ Roger Massie ], Norma West [ Stella Massie ], Rowena King [ Julia King ], Douglas McFerran [ Ronald Arthur Eustace ], Caroline Paterson [ Diana Webster ], Jane Hazlegrove [ Maureen Shelby ], Tony Armatrading [ Leslie Russell ], Dominique Barnes [ Sophie Hamilton ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Martin Moss [ PC Lambert ], Joan Scott [ Mrs Lee ], Geraldine Griffith [ Bett ], Peter Harlow [ Massie's solicitor ], Colin McCormack [ Caretaker ], Alex Leppard [ Mr Darbon ], Elizabeth Hunt [ Mrs Hickman ], Tara Shaw [ Woman in launderette ], Alan Gear [ Bouncer ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Const Mark Howard, WPC Hazel Wallace, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
A hit and run driver kills an elderly man, after deliberately drawing attention by wild driving on a residential estate. On the same evening the local private casino, the Sherwood Club, is violently robbed of its night's takings. It is immediately apparent that the car belongs to the local MP's son, Roger Massie, whom Frost has charged with motoring offences on more than one occasion, but whose excellent legal team have got him cleared. Frost gets a humorless new partner, DC Webster, to assist him in the investigations. Then a dangerous armed robber, Ronnie Eustace, seeks refuge in the Denton area, and a police officer is shot dead while on patrol. An armed hunt for the fugitive tracks him down, and he takes a pair of hostages, but Frost is persuaded to substitute himself for them.
gs: Lennie James [ Det Const Carl Tanner ], Anya Phillips [ Natalie Bell ], Valentine Nonyela [ Ritchie Gibbs ], Sheila Kelley [ Doreen Gilbert ], Billy Hartman [ Dave Cowden ], Corinne Skinner Carter [ Mrs Lansdale ], Ray Emmet Brown [ Mark Landsdale ], Michael Buffong [ Ian Purcell ], Steve Nicolson [ Det Const Cottam ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Andrew Ballm [ Philip Aspinall ], Paul McKenzie [ Errol Baker ], Alexander Newland [ Davis Clark ], Melanie Sylvester [ Woman up ladder ], Rodney Litchfield [ Norman ], Karen Meagher [ Lab liaison officer ], Amjad Saleem [ Dr Shakir ], Gabrielle O'Brien [ Hospital receptionist ], Jane Wall [ Baker's girlfriend ], Karel da Costa [ Matthew Bell ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, WPC Hazel Wallace, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Mike Austin, PC Simms, PC Ernie Trigg, PC Keith Stringer
Frost is assigned a new, black detective constable, Carl Tanner, transferred in to help him investigate a string of commercial burglaries, which lead them to a group of families on the local Eastdean estate that Frost calls "the crime academy". It doesn't come naturally to him to tread carefully to avoid accusations of police racism there and at Denton Police Station. Then one of his informants from the estate, Natalie Bell, is murdered, and he feels guilty for possibly compromising her. Tanner uncovers an interesting aspect of the information she had passed to Frost over the years. As Frost's team close in on the robbery suspects, the woman's child is abducted, and Frost sets off in single pursuit, resulting in a confrontation in an abandoned warehouse, while Tanner interviews and arrests the killer.
gs: Sally Dexter [ Det Sgt Maureen Lawson ], Christopher Fulford [ Ronald Gould ], Margery Mason [ Mrs Archer ], Steven Mackintosh [ Dean Hoskins ], Clara Salaman [ Kathy Reynolds ], Graham Turner [ Vicar ], Peter Benson [ Bernard Elliott ], Pamela Cundell [ Mrs Barrett ], Valerie Lush [ Mrs Mary Haynes ], Richard Beale [ Mr Proctor ], Isabelle Amyes [ Angela Newcombe ], Michael Hadley [ John Newcombe ], Rose Hill [ Mrs Alice Ryder ], Max Mason [ Desmond Ryder ], Ian Driver [ PC Chris Jordan ], Ian Dunn [ Mr Bright ], Louise Yates [ Mrs Miriam Bright ], Linda Dobell [ Mrs Speight ], Tom Harrison [ Mr Maskell ], Chris Brailsford [ Maskell's neighbor ], Anthony Milner [ Sound technician ], Richard Maplecroft [ Barman ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Sgt Bill Wells, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Mark Howard
Frost is assigned to investigate a series of non-violent break-ins at the homes of elderly people for the purpose of theft, which does not excite his enthusiasm. Then there are a couple of brutal attacks on elderly women for seemingly no reason, which does get him energised. He knows that he has to catch the culprit before he kills again. WPC Wallace uncovers similarities with a series of attacks in Plymouth two years previously. Frost is helped by a newly-assigned female detective, DS Maureen Lawson, who also offers him advice on his personal life, as a consequence of which he invites Shirley Fisher out for dinner when they run into each other again at the hospital.
gs: Neil Dudgeon [ Det Const Costello ], Felicity Montagu [ Anne Butler ], Gerard Horan [ Ray Butler ], Barry Jackson [ Walter Peters ], Albert Welling [ Dr Royce Patten ], Vivienne Ritchie [ Linda Patten ], Marion Bailey [ Eileen Grant ], Michael Feast [ Trevor Hine ], Linda Bassett [ Mrs Cornish ], Ewen Bremner [ Gordon Hicks ], Christopher Penney [ Ben Cornish ], James Saxon [ Mortuary attendant ], Tony Bluto [ Security guard ], Sue Cleaver [ Patten's receptionist ], Lorraine Peters [ Butler's neighbor ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Mike Austin, PC Simms, PC Keith Stringer
Frost is assigned a new Detective Constable, Costello, who has been demoted from Inspector for assaulting a senior police officer, and who has an attitude problem with his new role in the police force, not helped by the junior ranks of Denton Police rubbing his face in it. Frost is called out when a dead body is discovered in a flooded public conveniences, which he recognises as a long-time drug addict, Ben Cornish. He and Dr McKenzie assume the death was accidental and drug-related, but the post-mortem surprisingly shows that he was beaten and kicked to death. The trail to the culprit involves raking up a local doctor's past, tracing the people with whom Cornish was sharing a squat, and dealing with his family, who have mixed emotions about his death. Frost also decides to confront an aspect of his own past, and tries to renew his friendship with Eileen Grant, the woman with whom he was having an affair before his wife became ill.
gs: Amelda Brown [ Pauline Cook ], Terence Budd [ Martin Cook ], Vanessa Hadaway [ Joanne ], Gavin Richards [ Les Wingham ], Bill Leadbitter [ Gordon Perryman ], Len Collin [ Nick Daish ], Melsada Pantry [ Clare Bamtema ], Brian Bovell [ Terry Bamtema ], Angela Clarke [ Tara Holdsworth ], Emma Jane Lavin [ Kelly Power ], Dougal Davis [ Stephen Galloway ], Zoe Hilson [ Emma Fox ], James Bowers [ Shaun Pascoe ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Gerardean McHugh [ Josie ], Neale Goodrum [ Minicab controller ], Jean Ainslie [ Mrs Collings ], Sharon Akerboom [ Mrs Daish ], Owen Aaronovitch [ Man with dog ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Sandy Longford, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Ch Insp Jim Allen, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Det Const Ketley, PC Simms, PC Mike Austin
Frost is invited to a reunion of fellow George Cross recipients in London, but he finds every excuse to avoid it, until he asks Shirley Fisher to accompany him, though he still forgets to turn up for her. A teenage girl, Alison Cook, goes missing after coming home from school early, and Frost fears she may have been a victim of a serial rapist who has been active in Denton in recent months. Frost has been at pains to help the victims, and revisits some of them to try to find a new lead, and uncovers a connection with the father of the missing teenager. Higher authorities in the police force add to the pressure by threatening to replace him on the case, which leads him to try a desperate measure of using WPC Hazel Wallace as a decoy, but it exposes her to serious danger.
gs: Matthew Marsh [ Det Ch Insp Charlie Hawkes ], Rupert Holliday-Evans [ Richard Martin ], Harriet Bagnall [ Sally Martin ], Timmy Lang [ Billy Conrad ], Vilma Hollingbery [ Jeanette Conrad ], Arthur Whybrow [ Dave Conrad ], Elizabeth Estensen [ Susan Mackintosh ], Nick Reding [ John Parker ], Heather Canning [ Mrs Tenant ], Mandy Hoskins [ Jane Kennedy ], Rob Edwards [ Dr Drabble ], Karen Lewis [ Maddie Knight ], Susan Colverd [ Mrs Prentice ], David Killick [ Pathologist ], Sam Graham [ Simon Carter ], Helena Little [ Alison Curtis ], Tristan Maguire [ Bradshaw ], Alex Wilkinshaw [ Pearce ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Melanie Ramsey [ WPC Morgan ], Peter Mair [ Magistrate ], Steve Yule [ Man outside court ], Tony Westrope [ Officer in van ], Katie Scales [ Tricia Martin ], Ricky-Lee Mays [ Daryl ]
rc: Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, PC Simms
Tricia Martin, an 8-year-old girl is missing, and the last person to have seen her is Billy Conrad, a gentle young man with Down's syndrome, but who appears to be hiding something. Frost's superior, DCI Hawkes, believes Conrad is guilty, but Frost pursues other lines of enquiry, leading him to question a London officer, who has been visiting the Denton police social club, about a motorcyclist who has been photographing joyriders in Beningfield Woods, where Martin's body is subsequently found.
gs: Michael Byrne [ Alex Ormrod ], Allie Byrne [ Ruth Ormrod ], Nathaniel Parker [ Stephen Milmore ], Richard Graham [ Tony Walder ], Jean Leppard [ Pam Walder ], Tat Whalley [ Nick Walder ], Sean Pertwee [ Darren Michael "Dazza" Scott ], Mary Healy [ Kate ], Del Henney [ John Kerns ], Duncan Bell [ Peter Winrow ], Phillip Joseph [ Stratton ], Malcolm Sinclair [ Chief Constable ], Rachael Weaver [ Diane Cooper ], Peter McNamara [ Trevor Cooper ], Derren Litten [ PC Hobbs ], Mark Burdis [ PC Naylor ], Nimmy March [ Mrs Pardoe ], David Killick [ Pathologist ], Constance Byrne [ Female protester ], Sally Cassin [ A & E nurse ], Joanna Dolan [ Girl at takeaway ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Clive Barnard, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Ernie Trigg, PC Simms
An odd group of animal rights advocates attempting to sabotage a foxhunt at Denton Lacey includes a working-class teenager, Nick Walder, who is murdered by a severe blow to the head. Then another person associated with the anti-hunt protesters, a landscape gardener named Tom Cody, is found in the local woods dead by a shotgun blast. Frost is re-assigned the chief constable's nephew, DC Clive Barnard. Frost's investigations into the two deaths and any possible links take him to tea with the local squire and leading huntsman, Alex Ormrod, though Supt Mullett is apprehensive lest he upset the gentry. Meanwhile he fears his new housekeeper, Kate, is trying to get her feet under the table, and he strikes up his relationship with Shirley Fisher again.
b: 15 Jan 95 w: Christopher Russell d: UNCREDITED
gs: Larry Lamb [ Mike Ross ], Jon Morrison [ Ron Bignall ], Berwick Kaler [ Dave Leecroft ], Jason Cheater [ Adie Carr ], Craig Kelly [ Paul Gower ], Sekai Matimba [ Jamie Todd ], Alan Hunter [ Colin Drysdale ], Annie Tyson [ Wendy Drysdale ], Joseph Kpobie [ Darren Matthews ], Melissa Wilson [ Nicola Balmer ], Jane Wall [ Tonia Reece ], Joe Duttine [ Terry Blakeway ], Ismail Taylor-Kamara [ Vince Tyson ], Danny Dyer [ Shaun Everett ], James Ottaway [ Mr Adams ], Margaret Kinnon [ Kirsty Adams ], Kenny Baker-Brown [ Dean Wilks ], Karl Haynes [ Ray Walsh ], Caroline Harding [ A & E sister ], Paul Slack [ Tenant ], Amjad Saleen [ Hospital doctor ], Glenn Cunningham [ Fisherman ], Richard Sinnott [ Estate agent ], Tracey Booth [ Reception nurse ], Steve Ryan [ Football steward ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Sandy Longford, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Ernie Trigg, Det Const Ketley
Frost's Saturday afternoon is disrupted by the discovery of a man's body floating in the river, and it turns out that he is not who he claimed to be, which was Colin Drysdale, a local headteacher. The mystery man is only ever known as 'Dead Male One' or 'Appendix Man'. Events become more intriguing when Adie Carr, the star player of the local soccer team, Denton Athletic, collapses during a press conference, following an incident on the pitch in which he received head injuries, but it turns out he had been poisoned. Two other members are being harrassed in various ways. Despite further missed dates, Frost decides to sell his house and move in with Shirley Fisher.
gs: Sally Dexter [ Det Sgt Maureen Lawson ], Billy Murray [ Bill Boxley ], Susan Brown [ Stella Boxley ], Dorian MacDonald [ Kevin Boxley ], Charlotte Cornwell [ Marion Parfitt ], Amanda Harris [ Liz Kelsey ], Rachel Robertson [ Rachel Mostyn ], Stephen Jameson [ Stuart Penrice ], David Carr [ Michael Heathfield ], Huggy Leaver [ Des Conrad ], Shirin Taylor [ Helen Cartwright ], James Hayes [ Jimmy Dunne ], Charlie Creed-Miles [ Alan Teal ], Kate Maravan [ Jamie Webster ], Craig Pocknell [ PC Heaton ], Alice MacDonald [ Receptionist ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Arthur Hanlon, Det Const Mark Howard, PC Ernie Trigg, PC Simms
There is an armed payroll snatch at the local family-run Boxley glassworks, during which an employee is shot dead. The owner, Bill Boxley, who is one of the witnesses, is then threatened, and goes into hiding. The family has a tangled web of personal relationships, which Frost has to understand, in order to find who is doing the threatening. Meanwhile, Shirley Fisher's mother dies, and Frost fails to attend the funeral. When DS Lawson investigates a case of a "live-in burglar", she lets business and personal relationships mix, with serious consequences.
gs: Marc Warren [ Graham McCardy ], Linda Henry [ Sue Venables ], Danny Webb [ Karl Edwards ], Ysobel Gonzalez [ Linda Brook ], Colette Brown [ WPC Claire Toms ], Juanne Fuller [ Jo Thorn ], Emma Cunniffe [ Michelle Robins ], Olwen May [ Doctor ], Richard Stone [ Store manager ], Owen Aaronovitch [ Fire officer ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Const Mark Howard, Sgt Don Brady, PC Simms, Det Const Ketley
Frost's house is burned down, and he moves in with a colleague temporarily. A mysterious, ruthless kidnapper on a motorcycle tests Frost's skills to the limit. It proves a tough case to crack, and for the abducted woman, time is running out.
gs: Nicholas Jones [ Major Harvey ], Ralph Brown [ Capt Carlisle ], Saira Todd [ Sgt Donovan ], Cherith Mellor [ Mrs Meredith ], Ian Flintoff [ Mr Meredith ], Sam Kelly [ Scully ], Will Knightley [ Barry Hockey ], David Bradley [ Les James ], Matthew Scurfield [ Dave Chaplin ], Eileen O'Brien [ Mrs Hockey ], Diana Davies [ Mrs James ], Daniel Newman [ Steve Marson ], Rosalind March [ Mrs Marson ], Andrew Wilde [ Cavendish ], Marston Bloom [ Capt Ward ], John Light [ Pte Meredith ], Jake Wood [ Pte Kemp ], Mark Letheren [ Lance Cpl Morison ], Benedict Sandiford [ Pte Richards ], Harmage Singh Kalirai [ Said ], Ciaran O'Doherty [ Det Const Stevenson ], Luke Morgan Oliver [ Harry James ], Sarah Oliver [ Julie James ], Badi Uzzaman [ Old Indian man ], Francis Lee [ Soldier at gate ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, WPC Jane Brent, PC Craven
Frost is held at gunpoint by a teenage drugs dealer, a Territorial soldier is shot dead on an exercise, and a security van of a local company is robbed by a sawn-off shotgun-wielding gang. Frost investigates the three incidents, suspecting that the soldier's death was not an accident, and that the robbery was an inside job, and tries to find any links between them. His intrusions onto the army base stir up hostility from the commanding officer, Major Harvey, but he manages to get on better with the Military Police investigating officer, Capt Carlisle.
gs: Neil Stuke [ Det Sgt Frank Nash ], Michael Kitchen [ Jonathan Meyerbridge ], David Ryall [ Edward Gull ], Belinda Sinclair [ Ruth Meyerbridge ], Sara Stevens [ Milly Atkinson ], Malcolm Terris [ Sykes ], Maggie Shevlin [ Gwen Holland ], Lill Roughley [ Mrs Charteris ], Glyn Grain [ Boris Ivanovich ], Sally Rogers [ Vicky Philips ], Kacey Ainsworth [ Carole Nash ], Joanne Wootton [ Helen ], Anthony Lewis [ Barnabas Meyerbridge ], Adam Scourfield [ Matthew Meyerbridge ], Sarah Doubery/Dubery(?) [ Sarah Meyerbridge ], Tim Barker [ Newsagent at ram raid ], Lorraine Sass [ Female patient ], Dan Armour [ Committee member ], Kittie Prince [ Betty Gunner ], Craig Pocknell [ PC Heaton ], Brendan Gore [ Big Dave ], Ruth Regan [ Woman at ram raid ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Ch Insp Peters, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, PC Simms, Det Const Lambert, WPC Jane Brent, PC Craven
When a beautiful young woman physiotherapist, Vicky Philips, is found viciously stabbed to death in her car in a car park, Frost consults the victim's personal organiser, from which a trail leads him to the religious community of the New Union Church, and their solicitor. But when progress is slow, he and his new assistant from London, DS Nash, are assigned to help DCI Peters investigate a series of ram raids.
b: 21 Jan 96 w: Robert Smith d: Peter Smith
gs: Russell Hunter [ Det Sgt Prentice ], Mel Martin [ Jane Fanshawe ], Joanna David [ Prue Hastings ], Martin Jarvis [ Harvey Wade ], Rebecca Lacey [ Anne-Marie Pearce ], Jan Harvey [ Yvonne Newbiggin ], Peter Wight [ Cyril Pearce ], James Faulkner [ Clifford Hastings ], Judith Paris [ Florence Allott & Barbara Dutton ], David Dixon [ Barry Curzon ], Jonathan Phillips [ Damien Law aka Frankie Barton ], Tilly Vosburgh [ Joy Barton ], Christopher Driscoll [ Bob Bowker ], Helen Pearson [ Addie Parsons ], Eric Mallett [ Ron ], Anthony Schaeffer [ Lawyer ], Gordon Banks [ Himself ], Simon Cunningham [ Colin Barton ], Frances Shergold [ Katie Barton ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Rosalie Martin, Sandy Longford, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, WPC Jane Brent, Det Ch Insp Peters, Sgt Don Brady, PC Craven
A woman commits suicide naked in public, and Frost connects her death with the later death of a gigolo. He discovers that the dead man had business with several women in Denton. Meanwhile there appears to be a series of break-ins at the local cricket pavilion, and Supt Mullett, who is a member, orders Frost to investigate them as well as the murder.
gs: Tamzin Malleson [ Helen Tudor ], Charlotte Bellamy [ Jamie Merrick ], Damian Lewis [ Adam Weston ], Darren Tighe [ Tony Jarvis ], Jonathan Hyde [ Dr Keith Michaelson ], Gillian Bevan [ Suzanne Michaelson ], Simon Coates [ Simon Marsh ], Stephanie Turner [ Mrs Jarvis ], Jay Simpson [ Peter Bainbridge ], Francis Magee [ Rod Bainbridge ], Katrina Levon [ WPC Lindsey Hunter ], Martin Walsh [ Richard ], Rachel Lumberg [ Laura ], Amerjit Deu [ Anil Chandani ], Ian Curtis [ Gareth King ], Paul Alexander [ Ken Tudor ], Peter Needham [ Caretaker ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Sgt Clive Barnard, Sgt Johnnie Johnson, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Const Ketley, PC Simms
A sub-postmistress is fatally stabbed in a small-scale robbery, and Frost wastes a lot of time questioning the leading suspects. Then, Helen Tudor, a beautiful first-year psychology student and keen swimmer at Denton University, is attacked on the campus, and suspicion initially falls on her psychology tutor, Keith Michaelson, but Frost's investigations uncover a link with the death of another beautiful young girl swimmer two years earlier, in another town.
gs: Philip Stone [ Finch ], Miles Anderson [ Sir Richard Cordwell ], Stephen Moyer [ Det Const Burton ], Michael Angelis [ Reggie Stansfield ], Carol Harrison [ Susie Stansfield ], Gwyneth Powell [ Kitty Rayford ], Damian Warren [ PC Packer ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Helena McCarthy [ Mrs Way ], Sarah Smart [ Carol Stansfield ], Daniel Casey [ Gratin ], Jean Marie Coffey [ Julie Kirkby ], Laura Strachan [ Tracey Neal ], Jake Nightingale [ Terry Green ], Tony Curran [ Craig Hudson ], Fiona Dolman [ Fiona ], Bruce Jones [ Tommy Dunstan ], Stephanie Putson [ Joy Anderton ], Francesco Bruno [ Bobby Kirkby ], Sam Townend [ Dean Anderton ]
rc: Sandy Longford, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt Liz Maud, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, Det Const Collier, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Const Lambert
A ruthless kidnapper holds a supermarket chain to ransom by threatening the life of a young boy.
gs: Peter Gunn [ Sydney Snell ], Gwyneth Powell [ Kitty Rayford ], Emer Gillespie [ Nurse Julie Fleming ], Norman Tyrrell [ Harbin ], Tom Radcliffe [ Mark Grover ], Melanie Jessop [ Caroline Fleming/Evans ], Ian Peck [ Phil Collard ], Caroline O'Neill [ Maggie Hoxton ], Shelagh Fraser [ Mrs Hinkley ], Grant Masters [ Den Milton ], Virginia Fiol [ Lily Turner ], Amanda Garwood [ Lady GP ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Dermot Heaney [ Dougie Cooper ], Polly Kemp [ Dr Hamilton ], Myles Hoyle [ Maltby ], Shelley Willetts [ Mrs Milton ], Peter Geddis [ Neighbour ], Peter Waddington [ Rail inspector ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Sandy Longford, Det Ch Insp Peters, Det Sgt Liz Maud, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Bill Wells, Det Const Collier, PC Ernie Trigg
The body of Lemmy Hoxton, a small-time burglar, is found at an abandoned farm. There is a spate of break-ins where the intruder gives the sleeping children injections, which reminds Frost of a similar series a few years earlier. A man returns home late one night to find his children dead and his wife missing. Frost's investigations make as many demands on his compassion as on his professional expertise, and he makes a serious error of judgement.
gs: Anthony Calf [ James Barr ], David Beames [ Alex Barr ], Eoin McCarthy [ Father Sullivan ], Gwyneth Strong [ Det Supt Bailey ], Gwyneth Powell [ Kitty Rayford ], Yolanda Vazquez [ Jeanette Barr ], Noel Johnson [ Father Clark ], Jason Riddington [ Richard Sheridan ], Jane Wymark [ Fiona Barr ], Kenneth Cope [ Charlie Fairclough ], Alexandra Gilbreath [ Jackie Sheridan ], Angela Lonsdale [ WPC Harman ], David MacCreedy [ Det Insp Moore ], Sally Adams [ Penny ]
rc: Rosalie Martin, Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A man's church confession provides an insight into what appears to be a straightforward murder. But before Frost can make an arrest, he is suspended over the outcome of a related case 10 years earlier.
gs: Anthony Bate [ Charlie Lawson ], Dean Harris [ Terry Wilson ], Jean Rimmer [ Dr Stone ], Luisa Bradshaw-White [ Joanna ], Edward Purver [ Matthew Lawson ], Laura Crossley [ Rachel Lawson ], Ashlie Walker [ Suzanne Lawson ], Stacey Winfield [ Melanie (Blackpool waitress) ], Mark Lambert [ Peter Lawson ], Jean Heywood [ Olive ], Charles Simon [ Harry ], Diana Payan [ Eva ], Diane Keen [ Janet ], Dave Fishley [ Lee Wilson (Matthew's workmate) ]
rc: Rosalie Martin, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Ch Insp Peters, Sgt Don Brady, WPC Hazel Wallace, Det Sgt Clive Barnard, WPC Holland, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost investigates two domestic cases. The first is the tragically straightforward murder of a cantankerous old man by his wife. The other is a more cruelly deceptive one, in which a man is killed, and his son and one of his daughters go missing: Frost tracks them down to Blackpool, where she has gone for an abortion - but who was the father? The answer leads him and DS Barnard into a tragic confrontation with an armed and dangerous paedophile.
gs: Cheryl Campbell [ Diana Grey ], Dominic Letts [ Lester Bryce-Jones ], Suzan Sylvester [ Debbie Viner ], Kate McEnery [ Leonie Viner ], Peter Kelly [ Brian ], Ian Driver [ Det Const Chris Jordan ], David Blair [ PC Martins ], Thomas Wheatley [ Chief Constable ], Simone Bendix [ Joanna Kenworthy ], Jane Wheldon [ Mrs Dale ], Judy Browne [ Staff nurse ], Alison Lintott [ Miss Dill ], Joseph Kpobie [ Darren Matthews ], Phil Atkinson [ Petrol attendant ], Chris Armstrong [ Fisherman ], Rupert Degas [ Insurance rep ], Bev Willis [ Barman ], Paul Williamson [ Chairman ], David Summer [ TV journalist ], Peter Glancy [ Hospital porter ], Christopher Grimes [ Shop assistant ], Nick Wilkinson [ Ian Priest (Appendix man) ], The Lydian String Quartet [ Musicians ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Sandy Longford, Det Sgt Hazel Wallace, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Hazel Wallace returns from her training, as the new Detective Sergeant, and is put to work by Supt Mullett sorting out the mess of paperwork left behind by DI Frost, while Frost is on extended compassionate leave, as Mullett is up for promotion. Meanwhile Frost takes posession of his house upon completion of the repairs and refurbishment paid for by the insurance company following the earlier fire. Before long Wallace is called upon, when a man is found hanged in his home, and she suspects it was not suicide. Routine investigations show that a fresh set of fingerprints at the scene belong to an unidentified man, naed 'Appendix Man', who had been found drowned a year previously in Denton's river. Frost is summoned back by Supt Mullett to sort things out, and he connects a painting that appears to have been stolen from the hanged man with an art robbery & murder eight years before at the local Black Farm.
gs: Emma Kay [ WPC Roberts ], Niall O'Brien [ Gerry Ryan ], Tom Georgeson [ Jim Scott ], Cyril Nri [ Warren Barber ], Ginny Holder [ Naomi Barber ], Martin Gower [ Geoff Owens ], Eluned Jones [ Christine Owens ], Daniel Betts [ Mark Owens ], Victoria Allen [ Jane Owens ], Thomas Jamerson [ Rickie Bayley ], Linda Armstrong [ Det Insp Alice Beale ], James Barriscale [ PC Tom Haliday ], Trevor Sellers [ Allen Deering ], Elizabeth Downes [ Marjorie Deering ], Gilly Coman [ Julia Ryan ], Steve Osbourne [ Harry Radcliffe ], Howard Crossley [ Dave Hurley ], Jenny Howe [ Anne Waldron ], Joe Montana [ Joop ], Liam Barr [ Boy ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady
Frost has trouble remembering to pay his household bills, and offers to take in a junior colleague, who is a trainee dog handler, and his trainee dog. Frost has to investigate two deaths simultaneously: a homeless teenage girl, Jane Owens, found beaten up and drowned in Denton's river; and that of an environmental health officer, Warren Barber, after a dismembered arm is washed up on the shoreline on the other side of England, near Hull. The first investigation takes him into the world of Denton's homeless; the second leads to the investigation of a local meat processing factory.
gs: Philip Jackson [ Det Sgt Sharpe ], Peter Egan [ Richard Darrow ], Paloma Baeza [ Rachel Darrow ], Maureen O'Brien [ Marion ], Ross Boatman [ Owen Kimble ], Rachel Power [ Emily Kimble ], Tom Chadbon [ Graham Rutherford ], David Blair [ PC Martins ], Lesley Clare O'Neill [ Paula ], Paul Brightwell [ Leo Armfield ], Jerome Willis [ Walker ], Sidney Livingstone [ Security guard ], Timothy Davies [ Dr Jones ], Jane Snowden [ Sister ], Nick Lucas [ Don ], Philip Bowen [ Charlie ], Timothy Kightley [ Jeff ], John Arthur [ Pub landlord ], Peter Benson [ Bernard Elliott ], David J Nicholls [ Garmon ], Caroline Woodruff [ Alison ], Tracey Leigh Hunt [ Bryony Darrow ]
rc: Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg, WPC Holland
A woman is found in a critical condition in a quiet village on the outskirts of Denton, a victim of an apparent hit-and-run incident. Her husband and daughter are distraught. Frost's investigation exposes the secret life of a corner of rural England.
gs: Melanie Thaw [ Asst Chief Const Anne Cremond ], Alexi Kaye Campbell [ Richie Dearne ], Danny Nussbaum [ Luke Hands ], John Warnaby [ Warrinder ], Anthony Smee [ Teddy Joyner ], Manouk van der Meulen [ Marijke Hoogenbloem ], Jonathan Coy [ Ben Pecksmith ], Hannah Yelland [ Philly Williams ], Michele Winstanley [ Nicky ], David Gillies [ Det Insp Holmes ], Liz May Brice [ WPC Clarke ], Hetty Baynes [ Amanda ], Dallas Campbell [ Simon Renfrew ], Richard Hampton [ Dr Hart ], Arthur Kelly [ Pain-Bartender ], Tim Hans [ Golf Pro ], Charles McCurdy [ Magistrate ], Keith Ladd [ Usher ], Joseph Kerr [ Drugs officer ], James King [ PC #1 ], Adam Riches [ PC #2 ], Andy Reece [ PC #3 ], Craig Pocknell [ PC Heaton (PC at Fulford Woods) ]
rc: Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Sgt Dorridge, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost is called upon by Supt Mullett to investigate the theft of his friend's car from their golf club by a confidence trickster, who leaves behind a trail of satisfied golfing widows, unpaid bar bills and stolen cars. It gets complicated when the car is recovered with the body of a local drugs dealer in the boot. What are the connections between the car owner, the con-man and the dead drug dealer?
gs: Nicky Henson [ Det Supt Larry Finlay ], Beth Goddard [ Helen Fox ], Georgia Mackenzie [ WPC Susan Kavanagh ], Christopher Hollis [ Det Insp Mark Newcombe ], Daniel Caltagirone [ Ray English ], Ben Caplan [ Sam Goodwin ], Emma Cooke [ Sally Wainwright ], Amanda Haberland [ Tracy Cockroft ], Tara Moran [ Anne Moore ], Martina Laird [ Miriam Madikane ], David Spinx [ Dick Rycroft ], Trevor Byfield [ George English ], Ryan Leigh [ Keith ], Sally Knyvette [ Mrs Harper ], Michael Simkins [ Mr Harper ], Ian Embleton [ Dennis Tanner ], Osmund Bullock [ Peter Davidson ], Bernard Holley [ Chief Constable ], Ali Bastion /Bastian [ Lisa Harper ], Heather Phoenix [ Bank cashier ], Jack Chissick [ Man with cat ], Lesley Nicol [ Mrs Cockroft ], Joan Campion [ Mrs Lampkin ], Justin Burrows [ DC Tim Fox ], Graeme Hawley [ RCS Det 1 ], Sarah Niles [ WPC 1 ], Kati Williamson [ RCS Det ], Paula Masdon [ Canteen lady ], Andrew Norris [ Barman ], Christine Brennan [ WPC 2 ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt Dorridge, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost's Christmas is overshadowed by a local power station worker falling to his death in a mysterious accident, shortly after he was burgled. Then a young police detective, Tim Fox, is murdered, and Frost wonders if it really is related to the large investigation he was working on to uncover a car theft gang.
gs: Nicky Henson [ Det Supt Larry Finlay ], Beth Goddard [ Helen Fox ], Georgia Mackenzie [ WPC Susan Kavanagh ], Christopher Hollis [ Det Insp Mark Newcombe ], Daniel Caltagirone [ Ray English ], Ben Caplan [ Sam Goodwin ], Emma Cooke [ Sally Wainwright ], Amanda Haberland [ Tracy Cockroft ], Tara Moran [ Anne Moore ], Martina Laird [ Miriam Madikane ], David Spinx [ Dick Rycroft ], Trevor Byfield [ George English ], Ryan Leigh [ Keith ], Heather Phoenix [ Bank cashier ], Lesley Nicol [ Mrs Cockroft ], Joan Campion [ Mrs Lampkin ], Andrew Norris [ Barman ], Christine Brennan [ WPC 2 ], James Telfer [ Menzies Hamilton ], Andrew Reece [ Marksman ], Adrian Schiller [ Solicitor ], Nicholas Hutchinson [ Vicar ], Richard Stone [ Security guard ]
rc: Shirley Fisher, Det Sgt Dorridge, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost continues to try to identify the detective's killer. The task is complicated by a bizarre series of pet shootings, about which he is reluctantly forced to seek help from a computer system run by a seconded new junior WPC. His pursuit leads to a confrontation high above a power station.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Joanne Froggatt [ Anne ], David Horovitch [ Jameson ], Arkie Whiteley [ Dr Helena Gibson ], Dermot Crowley [ Dr Bennet ], Frank Kovacs [ Dr Retnik ], Dominic West [ Dr Bill Hughes ], Colin Mace [ Anderson ], Michael Moreland [ PC Prentice ], Colin Farrell [ Lawrence Dale Brewer ], Bill Fellows [ James Ingram ], Sophie Thursfield [ Louise Ingram ], Peter Benedict [ Pinkley ], Peter Edbrook [ Rollo ], Sophie Walker [ Miss Redmond ], Paul Mari [ Track manager ], Clive Hayward [ Paul Hobday ], Sheila Ruskin [ Mrs Royden ], Eamon Geoghehan [ Site manager ], Brigid Zengeni [ Night nurse ], David Durham [ Maintenance man ], Heidi Monsen [ Mrs Stevenson ], Bella Hamblin [ Woman #1 ], Judith Davis [ Woman #2 ], Sue Huggins [ Customer ], Reece Andrews [ PC #1 ], Anthony Fox [ Security manager ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A woman's body is found on a railway line, but was she dead before she was hit by the train? A highly skilled surgeon is reported missing by her colleagues at the local hospital, where there have been an unusually high number of post-operative deaths recently. To cap it all, someone is going around impersonating Frost to commit indecent assaults. Supt Mullett then assigns Frost a new assistant, DS Reid, who has had a chequered career in the police force.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Joanne Froggatt [ Anne ], David Horovitch [ Jameson ], Arkie Whiteley [ Dr Helena Gibson ], Dermot Crowley [ Dr Bennet ], Frank Kovacs [ Dr Retnik ], Dominic West [ Dr Bill Hughes ], Colin Mace [ Anderson ], Michael Moreland [ PC Prentice ], Colin Farrell [ Lawrence Dale Brewer ], Bill Fellows [ James Ingram ], Sophie Thursfield [ Louise Ingram ], Sophie Walker [ Miss Redmond ], Sheila Ruskin [ Mrs Royden ], Jeremy Child [ Hamilton, Snr ], Matyelock Gibbs [ Mrs Brandon ], Vass Anderson [ Mr Brandon ], David Birkin [ Tim Hamilton ], Gabriel Crosse [ Robbie Jensen ], John Ashton [ Ridley ], Chloe Buswell [ Madelane ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Gordon Salkilld [ Patient ], Janet Behan [ Mother ], Philip Cumbus [ Teenager #1 ], Rupert Mealing [ Teenager #2 ], Brigid Zengeni [ ICU night nurse ], David Blair [ Policeman #4 ], Flo Wilson [ Nursing sister ]
rc: Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
While investigating the source of a supply of contraband cigarettes, DS Reid finds the impersonator, but is seriously assaulted before he can arrest him, and is taken to the hospital, coincidentally to the ward that has been suffering the post-operative deaths, the cause of which Frost realises before it is too late for Reid. Frost's continuing investigations into the death of the surgeon lead him into extreme danger, when he is cornered by the callous murderer.
gs: Susan Penhaligon [ Pam Hartley ], Michelle Joseph [ Det Const Ronni Lonnegan ], Michael Cochrane [ HMI Babcock ], Barrie Ingham [ Arnold Harris ], Jason Merrells [ Michael Patterson ], Julian Wadham [ Harry Monkton ], Annette Ekblom [ Fiona Monkton ], Gerrard McArthur [ Paul Harris ], Sherry Baines [ Jean Harris ], Barry Jackson [ Walter ], Jonjo O'Neill [ Jeffrey Meadows ], James Flynn [ Paul Matthews ], Kate Maberly [ Melanie Monkton ], Sidney Kean [ Fabriani ], Ben McCosker [ Stevie Nesbit ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Natalie Morse [ Rita ], Sarah Nash [ Mrs Pomeroy ], Martin Oldfield [ Speaker ], Andrew French [ Engineer ], Colin Meredith [ Canoe instructor ], Reece Andrews [ Officer ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg, Sgt Don Brady
A body with no identification is found in a local reservoir, and a couple fall victim to a brutal killer in their own home. Frost is assigned a new, female, West Indian detective constable, Ronni Lonnegan, and gets off to a bad start with a few racially-insensitive remarks. He then reluctantly accepts the help of a psychological profiler, psychiatrist Pam Hartley, who he met at a conference. Meanwhile, there is an inspection of Denton Police underway, and Frost's old-fashioned methods are not endearing him to the inspector, so Supt Mullett is forced to give him more support than usual.
gs: Susan Penhaligon [ Pam Hartley ], Michelle Joseph [ Det Const Ronni Lonnegan ], Michael Cochrane [ HMI Babcock ], Barrie Ingham [ Arnold Harris ], Jason Merrells [ Michael Patterson ], Julian Wadham [ Harry Monkton ], Annette Ekblom [ Fiona Monkton ], Barry Jackson [ Walter ], Jonjo O'Neill [ Jeffrey Meadows ], James Flynn [ Paul Matthews ], Kate Maberly [ Melanie Monkton ], Ben McCosker [ Stevie Nesbit ], Michael Bertenshaw [ Tony Chalmers ], Muriel Barker [ Evelyn Post ], Liam Noble [ Lionel Grange ], Joanna Bacon [ Tessa Meadows ], Elliott Young [ Billy Simpson ], Joanne Allen [ Susan Talbot ], Reece Andrews [ Officer ], Steve Weston [ Engineer ], Phyllis McMahon [ Irene Malloy ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg, Sgt Don Brady
Background enquiries turn up two previous deaths, which appear related to the case. But their initial suspect, armed bank-robber Charlie Lehman, turns out to have died in prison over a year earlier. As they work to profile the killer they are hunting, Frost starts to get close to Hartley personally as well as professionally, though neither realises just how closely she is linked to the case until it is almost too late. Frost has a race against time to find where she is being held.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Beatie Edney [ Sheila Hadley ], Sean Blowers [ Sgt Alan Hadley ], Sophie Stanton [ Cathy Thompson ], Leagh Conwell [ Robbie Thompson ], Helen Masters [ Eileen Cleary ], Michael McKell [ Jack Flynn ], John Harding [ Sullivan ], Donald Sumpter [ Maynard ], Gary Powell [ George Starkey ], Simon Meacock [ Gary Tinley ], Stuart Bowman [ PC Kenny Russell ], Sarah Kirkman [ Det Const Giles ], Robert Horwell [ Det Const Malcolm Chandler ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Danielle Lydon [ Tracy Miller ], Adrian Preater [ Surgeon ], Jeremy Peters [ Senior prison officer ], Reece Andrews [ Team leader ], Julie Higginson [ Patricia ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost is protecting Cathy Thompson, a vital witness to a murder committed by Jack Flynn, who has hired a hit-man to eliminate her. He requests the help again of DS Reid, because of his contacts in the London underworld, where Flynn comes from. But with the hit-man finding the safe house easily, it's obvious that there's a leak coming from someone inside the protection team. Then one of the armed team is shot dead while trying to apprehend a second hit-man. Meanwhile Frost has mislaid his jackpot-winning lottery ticket, and has to get Ernie Trigg to search the station for it.
gs: Jimmy Yuill [ Charles Lightfoot ], Maurice Roëves [ Stuart Mackintosh ], Jane Gurnett [ Janet Carter ], Jim Sturgess [ Laurence Burrell ], Rob Spendlove [ Martin Burrell ], Elizabeth Rider [ Helen Burrell ], Paterson Joseph [ Colin Stokes ], Sheila Whitfield [ Sally Stokes ], Samuel Graham [ Ben Stokes ], Andy De La Tour [ Oscar Manning ], Wayne Foskett [ Les Jameson ], Mike Savage [ Bill Duggan ], Michael Jenn [ Alec McGuiness ], Stephen Rashbrook [ Police doctor ], Ian Barritt [ Mr Weston ], Cate Fowler [ Mrs Weston ], Norman Beg [ Takeaway delivery man ], Liam Fox [ Removal firm guard ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Det Sgt Hazel Wallace, Sgt Don Brady
Laurence Burrell, an autistic young man, is the only witness to an attack on a security guard at Denton Quarry, but he claims that aliens were responsible. Superintendent Mullett asks Frost to investigate a series of burglaries on homes that have been recently occupied, and drafts him in some help, in the form of Det Sgt Hazel Wallace, who sometimes has to bring her new baby Emma into work. Frost is also suspicious about the link between a local takeaway delivery service and another series of burglaries. Then a seven-year old child of divorced parents goes missing, and the father is unable to account convincingly for his whereabouts in the hours afterwards. Frost wonders if there is a coincidental link between him and the first series of burglaries. Meanwhile, his suspicions are growing about what is happening behind the scenes at the quarry, and how it relates to a proposed large development in the area that would include it.
gs: Robert Glenister [ Det Sgt Terrence Reid ], Alastair Galbraith [ John Palmer ], Emma Amos [ Emma Palmer ], Ryan Watson [ Bobby Palmer ], Heather Louise Cameron [ Helen Palmer ], Nigel Hastings [ Martin Drew ], Jennifer Hennessy [ Elizabeth Drew ], Jamie Knox [ Alan Drew ], Nicholas Woodeson [ Anton Caldwell ], Elizabeth Bennett [ Psychiatrist ], Emma Pierson [ Alice Thompson ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Julia St John [ Amanda Chase ], Anna Keaveney [ Phyliss Morgan ], Dylan Brown [ Phil Stevens ], Amanda Horlock [ Cheryl Stevens ], Richard Vanstone [ Jimmy Holborn ], Huw David Thomas [ Security guard ], Mark Penfold [ Superintendant ], Julie Teal [ Det Const Slater ], Jonathan McGuinness [ Det Const Wilson ], Eileen Dunwoodie [ Det Const Marsden ], Eilis Hetherington [ Asst Chief Const #2 ], Debby Bishop [ Josie Metcalf ], David Slack [ Peter Johnson ], Katherine Tozer [ Young mum ], Caroline Woodruff [ Doctor #1 ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A 10-year-old boy, Bobby Palmer, disappears from the terraces at Denton Football Club in the middle of a match, while his father is distracted. A man's body is found by a roadside, having been hit by a vehicle, but the patholgist suspects he was battered first. Frost finds out that the man was a known pedophile, who was living in Denton without registering with the police. A boy's body is then discovered on a local rubbish tip, but it turns out to be someone other than Bobby Palmer. Soon, Frost realises that there is a pedophile ring operating in Denton, and the race is on to identify them and catch them before more children fall into their clutches. Superintendant Mullett persuades Frost to apply for promotion to Chief Inspector, even though it will result in a transfer away from his beloved CID work to a desk job. And there is the distraction of a secret admirer who is showering Frost with gifts, causing the whole station to wonder who it is, and why.
gs: Sally Dexter [ Det Sgt Maureen Lawson ], Amanda Root [ Delores Delmonte ], Nigel Betts [ Reginald Muldane ], Ken Drury [ Oscar Belmont ], David Cardy [ Len Morrison ], Julia StJohn [ Amanda Chase ], Bill Riddoch [ Duncan Hammond (forensic examiner) ], Bernard Holley [ Chief Constable ], Rosie Thomson [ Jenny Burrows ], Hazel Ellerby [ Jay Burrows ], Simon Scott [ Dr Patrick Knight ], Lucy Robinson [ Antonia Knight ], Mona Hammond [ Mrs Chalmers ], Joanna Van Gyseghem [ Mrs Burnley ], Francis Middleditch [ Senior manager ], Taryn Kay [ Shelley Warner ], Sam Dastor [ Ruanda Majendie ], Matthew Cullum [ Dentist ], Adam Deacon [ Darryl Stephens ], Stephen Wight [ Ritchie Mason ], Richard Lloyd [ Stationery shop owner ], Adrian McLoughlin [ Shoe repair man ], Richard A Jones [ Dr Knight's lawyer ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg
Returning from his seven months suspension, Frost is immediately plunged into two parallel murder investigations, despite a defective police lollipop causing him the need for major, painful dentistry. A man's body is pulled from the canal, with £6000 in cash on him, but no identifying papers. Frost's investigations reveal not one, but two, separate lives that he led, and how he financed them. Meanwhile, at a local fridge recycling holding site, a dismembered man's body is found in one of fridges. All the body parts fit together, except that he has two left feet - could he be linked to the local ballroom dancing scene?
gs: Nicholas Burns [ Det Const Jasper Tranter ], Clive Wood [ Stephen Richford ], Jill Baker [ Elizabeth Richford ], Louisa Gilpin [ Sarah Richford ], Claire Cox [ Julie Brown ], Amber Sainsbury [ Heather Wills ], Sandy McDade [ Dianne Hawkins ], Andrew Dunford [ Colin Bayliss ], Patrick Baladi [ Edward D'Arblay ], Ania Dykczak [ Renata ], Julian Rivett [ Terry Hirst ], Zoë Henry [ DC Victoria Cook ], Renny Krupinsky [ Frank Wills ], Peter Forbes [ Morgan ], Jeremy Gittins [ Marcus ], Noel Clarke [ Kenny ], Andy Quine [ Tony Pember ], Simeon Truby [ Peter Lacy ], Sue Ellen Koczwara [ Interpreter ], Simona Dumitrescu-Armstrong [ Ivanna ], Vicky Dobravolski [ Ania ], Reece Andrews [ ARU Commander ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost gets a new assistant, outstanding geography graduate and computer expert DC Jasper Tranter. After fetching Frost an egg sandwich from the canteen, he has to help investigate a man who is found dead at a bottle bank having recently won thousands of pounds on a bet. The trail leads to a pole dancing club, illegal foreign migrants, an escort agency and a gang of people smugglers, and then there is another suspicious death. Meanwhile Frost is being indecisive about whether to join a local gym.
gs: Philip Jackson [ Det Sgt Sharpe ], Sara Stewart [ Martine Phillips ], Jeff Rawle [ Steve Markham ], Danny Webb [ Fr David Rose ], Lia Williams [ Sylvia Ford ], Mick Ford [ Bill Ford ], Julia Dalkin [ Det Const Bennett ], Julia StJohn [ Dr Amanda Chase ], Amanda Royle [ Helen Croft ], Katie Gale [ Lucy Croft ], Rosie Timpson [ Mary Toolan ], Adam Allfrey [ Larry Arnold ], Cornelius Macarthy [ Dr Howell ], Carol Ackerty [ Adele Metcalfe ], Joanna Ingram [ Phillippa Murray ], Simon Hedger [ ICU doctor ], Martin Jones [ Officer ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Derek Simpkins (pathologist), Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
DS Toolan is severely injured while assisting Frost prevent a suicide, so Frost gets a temporary new assistant, DS Sharpe. A widow and her teenage daughter are viciously attacked in their own home by an intruder who leaves no trace. Frost's team soon find that the crime matches several others committed in the previous few years, and a psychological profiler, Martine Phillips, is brought in to assist. The killer strikes again far more quickly than expected, so they know that they are close to him, and they have to race against time to identify him from amongst their suspects before he can strike again.
gs: Blake Ritson [ DC Robert Presley ], David Calder [ Kenneth Shaw ], Anton Lesser [ Dennis Prior ], Ruth Gemmell [ Christine Harris ], Gary Sefton [ Kevin Flannagan ], Claire Cox [ Julie Brown ], Sian Brooke [ Carol Haymarsh ], Nila Aalia [ Kiran Desai ], Tim Treloar [ Gerald Harris ], Jonathan Burt [ Malcolm ], Campbell Morrison [ Colin Edwards ], Emily Corrie [ WPC Harmison ], Michael Morgan [ Adam Harris ], Robert Reina [ Solicitor ], Simon Tcherniak [ DI Peter Falco ], James Larkin [ Headmaster ], Ashley Artus [ Zoo man ], Ben Lloyd-Hughes [ Student ], John Draycott [ Security guard ], Richard Avery [ Art shop owner ], Diana O'Hara [ Mrs Shaw ], Laurie Briggs [ Forensic officer ], Kampol Nirawan [ Lahn Loc ], Seamus O'Neill [ Dr Goodwin ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost is called in to investigate when a couple, the Harrises, return home from a caravan holiday to find the naked body of a strange man in their bed. While tackling an unrelated case of the murder of a Vietnamese man, Lahn Loc, he accidentally discovers a cache of rare and exotic animals, which leads him and Scotland Yard to a gang of international illegal animal smugglers.
gs: Keith Barron [ David Crewes ], Jonathan Slinger [ Carl Meyer ], Julia Watson [ Rev Lucy Daniels ], John Castle [ Charlie Collingham ], Paula Wilcox [ Gloria Collingham ], Nicholas Farrell [ Simon Slater ], Elizabeth Berrington [ Babs Sellwood ], Ariyon Bakare [ Jason Cohu ], Joseph Marcell [ Joshua Ray ], Vincent Leigh [ Tom Brody ], Dhafer L'Abidine [ Roman Cassell ], Sarah-Jayne Steed [ Kate McGreavy ], Juliet Howland [ Rachel Munro ], Amber Agar [ Susan Hepworth ], Julian Forsyth [ Chief Constable ], Reece Andrews [ Sgt Compton ], Glenn Cunningham [ Shop manager ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, PC Ernie Trigg
Having always maintained his innocence, Carl Meyer is released from prison after serving time for murdering a young girl, who had gone missing but whose body was never discovered. The body of a 14-year-old girl is then unearthed in the locality, and the missing girl's parents, David Crewes and Gloria Collingham, have mixed hopes about whether it will prove to be the body of their daughter. Meanwhile the body of motivational guru Roman Cassell is found in his office budgeoned to death, after a night in which he and a colleague were the objects of a prank by a group of their former trainees in revenge for having been taken advantage of.
gs: Cherie Lunghi [ Det Supt Annie Marsh ], Dearbhla Molloy [ Linda Heal ], Stephen Kennedy [ Andy Heal ], Sarah Ball [ Sarah Heal ], Jason Maza [ John Heal ], Vick Hopps [ Jessica Green ], Daren Elliott Holmes [ Mark Harrison ], Joe Renton [ Tony Woods ], Brett Allen [ Robert Trusham ], Vincent Riotta [ Philip Townsend ], Julia St John [ Amanda Chase ], Daniel Anthony [ Lewis ], Jack Cheyette [ Palmer ], Richard Clews [ Lofty Parker ], Joanne Mitchell [ Joan Atkins ], Sally Hurst [ Trish Monroe ], Rachel Ferjani [ Helen Campbell ], Sagar Arya [ Forensic Officer Nahmad ], James Albrecht [ Brock ], Kenneth Hadley [ Gas company supervisor ], Josephine Cook [ Forecourt woman ], Rupert Mason [ Forecourt man ], Alex Hardy [ Pool manager ], Jacob Krichefsky [ Doctor ], Naomi Capron [ Solicitor ], Don Crann [ Homeless man ], Ann Aris [ Elderly passenger ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
Frost finds himself working again with Det Supt Annie Marsh, a former colleague how got him suspended after making a formal complaint about his handling of a case. They have two cases to work on. A clown is found murdered in an alleyway in Denton town center, after he has robbed a couple of the houses where he has been entertaining children's parties, and where he inadvertantly terrified a child's mother with a phobia of clowns - she later bumps into him in the town center, but can't remember what she did after that. Two people are abducted from a bus late at night: the driver and a female bus company employee. The driver is released, but a search is instigated to find the woman, made more urgent as she is a diabetic and did not have her insulin with her. This latter investigation leads Frost to try a dangerous rescue in a lift shaft, against Marsh's misgivings.
gs: Adrian Lukis [ James Callum ], Tam Williams [ Michael Kahn ], Mel Martin [ Deputy editor ], Sarah Matravers [ Rosemary Ann Morrow ], Paul Shane [ Diesel Bob ], Lauren Ward [ Miriam Walker ], Julia Dalkin [ PC Bennett ], Lucy Jane Bowen [ PC Collins ], Julia St John [ Amanda Chase ], Dwayne Ryan Brown [ Marlon Peters ], Jane Wood [ Margaret Lebouski ], Patrick Marlowe [ Simon Cook ], Andrew Havill [ Howard Gellman ], Aoife McMahon [ Vanessa Allen ], Piotr Baumann [ Toma ], Marina Fedko-Blake [ Elena ], Ash Varrez [ Mr Patel ], Keith Ladd [ Prof Watkins ], Rowe David McClelland [ Councillor ], Susan McArdle [ Waitress ]
rc: Dr McKenzie, Det Sgt George Toolan, Sgt Don Brady, PC Ernie Trigg
A shallow grave with three bodies is uncovered, and there is talk of it being a ritual killing, or at least a ritual burial, talked up by Miriam Walker, a visiting North American antiquarian. Separately, a young woman is found murdered in the canal houseboat where she lived alone, and her trail leads to local businessman James Callum.
| i don't know |
Which treaty, signed in May 1902, ended the Boer War? | The Boer War ends - May 31, 1902 - HISTORY.com
The Boer War ends
Publisher
A+E Networks
In Pretoria, representatives of Great Britain and the Boer states sign the Treaty of Vereeniging, officially ending the three-and-a-half-year South African Boer War.
The Boers, also known as Afrikaners, were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa. Britain took possession of the Dutch Cape colony in 1806 during the Napoleonic wars, sparking resistance from the independence-minded Boers, who resented the Anglicization of South Africa and Britain’s anti-slavery policies. In 1833, the Boers began an exodus into African tribal territory, where they founded the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The two new republics lived peaceably with their British neighbors until 1867, when the discovery of diamonds and gold in the region made conflict between the Boer states and Britain inevitable.
Minor fighting with Britain began in the 1890s and in 1899 full-scale war ensued. By mid-June of 1900, British forces had captured most major Boer cities and formally annexed their territories, but the Boers launched a guerrilla war that frustrated the British occupiers. Beginning in 1901, the British began a strategy of systematically searching out and destroying these guerrilla units, while herding the families of the Boer soldiers into concentration camps. By 1902, the British had crushed the Boer resistance, and on May 31 of that year, the Peace of Vereeniging was signed, ending hostilities.
The treaty recognized the British military administration over Transvaal and the Orange Free State, and authorized a general amnesty for Boer forces. In 1910, the autonomous Union of South Africa was established by the British. It included Transvaal, the Orange Free State, the Cape of Good Hope, and Natal as provinces.
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| Vereeniging |
'Touchstone', a court jester, features in which Shakespeare comedy? | Treaty of Vereeniging
Treaty of Vereeniging
Treaty of Vereeniging
The Treaty of Vereeniging (commonly referred to as Peace of Vereeniging) was the peace treaty, signed on 31 May 1902, that ended the South African War (Second Anglo-Boer War) between the alliance of the South African Republic and the Republic of the Orange Free State and the British Empire on the other.
This settlement provided for the end of hostilities and eventual self-government to the Transvaal (South African Republic) and the Orange Free State as colonies of the British Empire. The Boer republics agreed to come under the sovereignty of the British Crown and the British government agreed on various details.
Signatories
For the United Kingdom, His Excellency Lord Milner, High Commissioner and Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, who signed the treaty as "Kitchener of Khartoum".
For the Government of the South African Republic, Messrs Schalk W. Burger, F.W. Reitz, Louis Botha, J. H. de la Rey, L.J. Meyer, and J.C. Krogh.
For the Government of the Orange Free State, Messrs C.R. de Wet, J.B.M. Hertzog, C.H. Olivier and WCJ Bebner.
The signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging at Melrose House, Pretoria, on 31 May 1902 by Douglas Macpherson
The Treaty in Summary
This settlement entailed the end of hostilities and the surrender of all Boer forces and their arms to the British, with the promise of eventual self-government to the Transvaal (South African Republic) and the Orange Free State as colonies of the British Empire. The Boer republics agreed to come under the sovereignty of the British Crown and the British government agreed on various details including the following:
All Boer fighters of both republics had to give themselves up
All combatants would be disarmed
Everyone had to swear allegiance to the Crown
No death penalties would be dealt out
A general amnesty would apply
The use of Dutch (later Afrikaans) would be allowed in the schools and law courts.
To eventually give the Transvaal and the Orange Free State self-government (civil government was granted in 1906 and 1907, respectively).
To avoid discussing the native (Black) enfranchisement issue until self-government had been given.
To pay the Afrikaners £3,000,000 in reconstruction aid.
Property rights of Boers would be respected
No land taxes would be introduced
Registered private guns would be allowed
Subsequent to the British government giving the Boer colonies self-government, the Union of South Africa was created on 31 May 1910. The Union gained relative independence under the 1926 Imperial Conference and the 1931 Statute of Westminster. The country became a republic in 1961 therefore severing all connections with Great Britain.
Although the treaty is named after the town of Vereeniging in Transvaal, where the peace negotiations took place, the document was actually signed at Melrose House in Pretoria.
| i don't know |
Na is the chemical symbol for which element? | Chemical Elements.com - Sodium (Na)
Contains an "Introduction to Tungsten", among other things
If you know of any other links for Sodium, please let me know
Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Sodium.
<http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/na.html>.
For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website .
This page was created by Yinon Bentor.
Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement .
Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.
| Sodium |
Which is the oldest college at Oxford University? | BBC - KS3 Bitesize Science - Atoms and elements : Revision, Page 3
MG
Symbols and names
Sometimes it is easy to tell which element a symbol stands for. For example, O stands for oxygen and Li stands for lithium.
But sometimes the symbol comes from a name for the element that is not an English word.For example, W stands for tungsten (from the word wolfram) and Na stands for sodium (from the word natrium).
The reason is that the same chemical symbols are used all over the world, no matter which language is spoken, which makes them most useful.
Page
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'Sean Dillon' is an ex-IRA terrorist created by which author? | JACK HIGGINS on DILLON
JACK HIGGINS on DILLON
Written by Georgina Burns
Sean Dillon Is Back!
Jack Higgins has tried his hand at a vast range of different occupations, from circus roustabout to truck driver and, after taking an honours degree in sociology and social psychology, teacher and university lecturer. But the publication of The Eagle Has Landed turned him into an international bestselling author practically overnight. His novels have since sold over 150 million copies and been translated into fifty-five languages; many of them have also been made into successful films. Midnight Runner is Jack Higgins' brand new novel.
This is your eight novel featuring Sean Dillon, former IRA terrorist turned Government enforcer. What’s the secret of the character’s success?
Well, he’s on the side of right, most of the time. And people have forgotten, because Dillon’s become so successful, that in the first book, The Eye of the Storm, he was an absolute villain of the first order. He was the man who tried to mortar bomb 10 Downing Street, and I did the novel as a kind of Day of the Jackal -type novel where the main protagonist was this terrorist who was lining up this job, was going to takeout the British war Cabinet and so on. And you followed it step by step: how he organised it, how he treated people and, I mean, he killed a few people and he did behave pretty disgracefully.
However, at the end of the book, the good guys pursued him to a French chateau where he was shot dead. When my wife read the final chapter, when I said, "hey, it’s finished. What do you think?" she threw it back at me and said, "The readers will hate you because you’ve created this very unusual character: very strong, very interesting, full of humour and wit and Irishness and so on, and they’re going to be angry with you". I said, "Well, what are you suggesting?" She said, "let him survive and just walk away in the snow in the night".
So I went and rewrote the final chapter, so when he was shot he was wearing a titanium waistcoat, which, of course, stops rounds going through but knocks you out. He was lying on the floor unconscious, the good guys left him there for French intelligence to do the cleaning up and, of course, Dillon came to. And he walked away through the snow into the night. The result was, that when I was doing another book, I hadn’t intended using Dillon: it was the book about Martin Bormann’s U-Boat being found on the reef in the Virgin Islands. The U-Boat that Bormann had, supposedly, escaped him.
Now Dillon, besides being a villain of the first water, also flies a plane and has done a lot of scuba diving, and speaks languages. So the brigadier running the Prime Minister’s private army decided that what he needed was somebody to work for him who could be worse than the bad guys; and he sprung Dillon from jail and said, "I’ll wipe your IRA slate clean but you work for me from now on." That book, Thunder Point, was extremely successful, and that was the beginning of the saga, really. Obviously, with Dillon now fighting for right, as it were, it’s softened him, to a certain degree. As I say, as he was working on the side of right, maybe a lot of readers discovered him and found him acceptable.
I was once at a signing session in London, in a large store, and there was a queue of people and this very old lady, who turned out to be eighty-eight, came up the side of the queue on sticks and one of the security men gave her a chair, and everybody let it happen, you know, and she said to me, "Are you Mr Higgins?" and I said, "Yes." And she said, "Is this book about Mr Dillon?" and I said, "Yes." She said, "That’s good. I’ll have three." She said, "I like Mr Dillon" and I said, "What’s the secret? He shoots people in the kneecaps and he’s very ruthless." And she said, "Oh, he only shoots rotten people." Maybe that’s part of it.
Do you find that he takes on a life of his own, he dictates where the story goes?
Yes, what I start with is simply an idea for the story happening; the plot grows out of that. And the, how does Dillon react to it? And how do other characters react? You see, for example, in one of the earlier books, by sheer chance - and this growth process happens in books - I invented the American, Blake Johnson, who runs the basement, downstairs in the White House. It’s supposed to be a sort of General Affairs department, but is, in effect, the President’s private Headquarters. I introduced this character, Blake Johnson, in the book, and there was great response, not only from the readers, but the publishers, particularly in America, and they said "he’s too good a character to let go". Therefore, in the later books, her often joins forces with Dillon because they’re different sides of the same coin.
And there are after examples of people who grow: Harry Salter and his nephew, Billy, the ex-big London gangsters. They’ve grown in stature a lot, particularly Billy. Billy has become a very well liked character with the readers. The young gangster who is suddenly discovering himself and is capable of much more than he ever thought of; he worships Dillon because he has learned all this from Dillon.
You’ve tried a lot of different lines of work before you turned professional as a writer. Was it always in the back of your mind that you would write novels?
Yes, because I’d been writing from my teenage years. It’s just that it was years before I actually sold anything. Then when I was thirty I got published, and I spent ten or eleven years doing crime stories, detective stories, police stories. The major way in which I changed was this idea that one was laying plots out just like everybody else, really, and what was needed was something different. The Irish troubles, particularly, helped me a lot in the early seventies. Because as I came from Belfast and I knew the background and had been raised on it, and I was therefore able to see into the heart of it in a way a journalist just going to Northern Ireland missed.
I went over to see how things were happening and I got this idea of a book in which a Dillon-like character, though he was English - a Paratroop Major called Vaughan who had been eased out of the army for killing terrorists in Malaya - ended up being given this job of going into Northern Ireland proposing to be a gun runner. His job was really was to hunt down a certain IRA leader. And it’s a very atmospheric book and it detailed the really bad times that were happening in Ireland at this stage: flames in the street, burning vehicles, street battles with the soldiers. The interesting thing was that when that came out – before that, I don’t suppose I’d sold more than about three thousand, three and a half thousand copies – it got in to the top ten, just at the lower end of the top ten. Before we knew where we were we had sold 12,000 copies of hardcover. That was a considerable move forward.
That turned me into a serious player. I did one more Irish book, A Prayer For The Dying, which became a very controversial film with Bob Hoskins and Mickey Rourke, and then came The Eagle Has Landed. Well, of course, that’s history and there’s not much more that one can say about it except that when Collins brought it out it stayed in the Top Ten for 36 weeks and was an enormous bestseller, a huge bestseller in America. It was bought all over the world, in masses of languages. We reckon over the years that it’s sold over fifty million copies worldwide.
Which writers have inspired you?
There are writers I’ve read, at a literary level, who write different kinds of books than me. I suppose that when I was trying to hone my skills, I very much admired Graham Greene. I admired classic writers, like F. Scott Fitzgerald. I was never a Hemingway fan. But, in terms of thriller writers I always admired Alistair Maclean at hisbest - HMS Ulysses, The Guns of Navarone, Where Eagles Dare. Years later when his health wasn’t good, a few of the novels became shorter and thinner, but that was because at that stage he found it more convenient to write them as film scripts.
He was very good to me because once I was coming out of the Collins offices and my name was shouted; I turned around and it was Maclean, and he’d been in the building and he’d asked the receptionist who I was. So he came out and called to me and insisted that we had a drink, and we sat in the pub. He simply said, "I’ve read your book and you’ve really got big potential. I think you’re going to make it in a big way". Then we had a general chat about life and publishing, where he made a few points that I’ll always remember: that he’d giving up reading reviews, that people will put you down because you’re not writing a Booker Prize book, you’re writing a thriller.
And he said, "after all I have an MA in English Literature from Glasgow University." So he said, "I’m hardly a fool." He said to me, "What about you?" "Well yes, in fact, I’m a Senior Lecturer at a university." I saw him again quite a long time later, and he liked The Eagle Has Landed so much he gave us a great puff, which stayed on the cover for years. Nice man. His work at his best was definitely an inspiration.
Can you tell us a little on Midnight Runner?
Now I hope it’s very good: a sensational villain, an English Earl from a very ancient medieval family, who through his mother who was an Earl’s daughter, so he’s the heir, and he becomes the Earl but his father was an Omani General, so he’s half Arab, as are his sister and brother. They’ve got this tremendous pride in their family, going back to medieval times and having fought in Bosworth for Richard III and all that. But they’re just as proud of being Bedu.
They’re very rich, so there’s a lot of skulduggery in England, the usual incursion into Ireland. I have a nice Irish villain who’s one of the few protestants in the IRA and who’s now working as a mercenary. I have a very interesting attempt on the life of the President one weekend when he’s down at his beach house. All the usual ingredients.
© Harper Collins website 2002 http://www.fireandwater.com
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| Jack Higgins |
Who composed the opera 'Lakme'? | The White House Connection by Jack Higgins · OverDrive: eBooks, audiobooks and videos for libraries
Fiction Suspense Thriller
The Irish Peace Process is about to be blown sky-high and the fates of two governments hang in the balance, as the crack team of the THE PRESIDENT'S DAUGHTER is reunited in this explosive thriller.
New York: a woman waits in the shadows, a Colt .25 in her elegant hand. Her target: Senator Michael Cohan, member of an extremist organization dedicated to destroying the peace talks. Run by Britain's most wanted terrorist, Jack Barry, its secret links stretch all the way to the Oval Office.
Washington: The President calls Blake Johnson, head of secret White House department, 'the Basement'. He needs to see him now.
London: Brigadier Ferguson of Special Forces brings in the only man who can hold it together and stop all hell breaking loose -- ex-IRA enforcer Sean Dillon, their most lethal operative, and Jack Barry's deadliest enemy...
United States, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom
Format
Adobe EPUB eBook 1.8 MB
Jack Higgins (Author)
Jack Higgins was a soldier and then a teacher before becoming a full-time writer. 'The Eagle Has Landed' turned him into an international bestselling author and his novels have since sold over 250 million copies and been translated into fifty-five...
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"The song, ""Food, Glorious Food"" comes from which musical?" | Oliver! (The Musical) (1968) Food Glorious Food - YouTube
Oliver! (The Musical) (1968) Food Glorious Food
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Uploaded on Oct 13, 2011
Oliver! (The Musical) (1968) This is just a small clip from the movie Oliver!
Food Glorious Food
Is it worth the waiting for,
If we live till eighty-four
All we ever get is gruel,
Every day we say our prayers
Will they change the bill of fair?
Still we get the same old gruel
There's not a crust not a crumb
Can we find can we beg can we borrow or cadge,
But there's nothing to stop us from getting a thrill,
When we all close our eyes and imagine,
Food glorious food
While we're in the mood cold jelly and custard
Pease pudding and saveloys
What next is the question?
Rich gentlemen have it boys
IN-DI-GESTION
What is there more handsome
Gulped swallowed or chewed
Still worth a kings ransom
What is it we dream about?
What brings on a sigh?
Piled peaches and cream about six feet high
Food glorious food
Were anxious to try it
3 banquets a day
Just picture a great big steak fried, roasted or chewed
For food marvelous food wonderful food magical food fabulous food beautiful food
GLORIOUS FOOD
| Oliver |
Which model of Ford car was introduced in 1989 and discontinued in 1997? | 12 Musical Works About "Food, Glorious Food" | On WFMT
12 Musical Works About “Food, Glorious Food”
Wednesday, July 22, 2015 by Hannah Edgar
Shakespeare once said, “If music be the food of love, than put some whipped cream and a cherry on top of it.” Or, something to that effect… Good music and good food harmonize so well together. It’s no surprise that countless composers from Bach to Bernstein have written works about their favorite foods. Check out this list of delicious works of music, and tell us your favorite scrumptious songs in the comments.
“La Bonne Cuisine” (Bernstein)
Bernstein composed La bonne cuisine – a delightful, four-minute-long morsel of a song cycle – in 1947. His text? Four recipes from Emile Dumont’s 1890 cookbook of the same name. Scored for voice and piano, the cycle includes recipes for plum pudding, oxtails, chicken breast with Turkish pudding, and rabbit stew.
Act II, Scene 1 banquet scene from Albert Herring (Britten)
When there’s no girl virtuous enough to be elected May Queen in a small village in East Suffolk, the May Queen committee selects Albert Herring as King instead. At the May Day banquet, the attendees enjoy a sumptuous feast. Three children, Emmy, Cis, and Harry marvel and all of the treats laid before them, which include: jelly, pink blancmange, “seedy cake with icing on,” treacle tart, “sausagey rolls,” chicken and ham, “cheesey straws,” marzipan, and more! The three children are getting hangry for all the food before them, though their teacher, Miss Wordsworth, tells them they can’t feast quite yet.
“Vanilla Ice Cream” from She Loves Me (Joe Masteroff)
One of many adaptations of Hungarian playwright Miklos Laszlo’s Parfumerie, She Loves Me is centered on bickering coworkers Georg and Amalia, both of whom find solace in their beloved pen pals. What Georg and Amalia don’t know is that they are each other’s pen pals – a fact Georg discovers before Amalia does. As a peace offering, he brings her vanilla ice cream when she is sick, cuing this number – and a new beginning for the couple.
“The Italian Cook and the English Maid” from Casa guidi (Argento)
Composed for Frederica von Stade and the Minnesota Orchestra, Dominick Argento’s Casa guidi is a song cycle set to letters written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning to her sister Henrietta. At the time, Browning and her husband were in the process of moving to Casa guidi, an apartment in Florence. In this song – the second in the five-song cycle – Browning describes the feud between her pretentious (but gifted) cook, Alessandro, and her maid, Wilson.
“From beef-steak pies up to fricassees Alessandro is a master.
And from bread and butter puddings to boiled apple-dumplings,
An artist. Only — he doesn’t like Wilson to interfere.
She declares that he repeats so many times a day:
“I’ve been to Paris — I’ve been to London —
I have been to Germany — I must Know.”
Also he offends her by being of opinion that:
“London is by far the most immoral place in the world.”
(He was there for a month once.)
“He had been to Paris, and been to London” and so on ‘da capo’-
So poor Wilson’s head goes round she declares, and she
Leaves the field of battle from absolute exhaustion.”
“This Was a Real Nice Clambake” from Carousel (Rodgers and Hammerstein)
Years after its 1945 premiere, composer Richard Rodgers admitted that Carousel was his favorite of his 43 musicals. Carousel kicks off when Billy Bigelow, a carousel barker, falls in love with the millworker Julie. Their relationship gets Billy fired, and as the rest of his New England town looks forward to their big June clambake, Billy finds himself worrying about how to support Julie and their future daughter. “This Was a Real Nice Clambake” opens Act II, with the townspeople reminiscing about the clambake they just enjoyed. The song describes the perfect seaside potluck, complete with a recipe for codfish chowder. But, it was actually originally written into Rodgers’ and Hammerstein’s first musical, Oklahoma!, as “This Was a Real Nice Hayride.”
“Food, glorious food” from Oliver! (Lionel Bart)
Based on Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist, Oliver! opens with “Food, glorious food,” and the number sets the stage for one of its most famous scenes. The musical opens in a workhouse which employs orphaned boys. They fantasize about the real food they want to eat instead of the paltry amounts of gruel they’re fed, and when his turn in the dinner line comes, Oliver works up the courage to ask for more.
“Is it worth the waiting for?
If we live for eighty four
All we ever get is gruel!
Every day we say our prayer —
Will they change the bill of fare?
Still we get the same old gruel!
Food, glorious food!
| i don't know |
In the USA during World War I, any reference to things German was considered unpatriotic, in order to avoid this problem which common foodstuff was called a 'Salisbury Steak'? | COMBAT MilTerms: M
Marine Amphibious Brigade.
MAC :
(mack) Military Airlift Command, redesignated from Military Air Transport Service (MATS) on 1 Jan 1966, which is Uncle Sugar's no-frills airline for "Space Available" travel by dependents and retirees; often interpreted as "Maybe Airplane Come". See ATC, MATS, ATS, AMC, MASQ, SPACE A, DEADHEAD; compare MSC. Also, Military Assistance Command, as in MACV and MACTHAI.
MACADAM / MACADAMIZED :
a road or airfield base made of broken stone, oil, tar, pitch, or bituminous composition, creating a stable, all-weather surface, that's easily maintained; also called "tarmacadam" or simply "tarmac" (after its inventor J.L. McAdam), as distinguished from cobblestone and corduroy, and also known by the Briticism "road metal". See TAXIWAY, APRON, RAMP, RUNWAY, PSP, MARSDEN MATTING, MOBI-MAT. [v: blacktop; cf: laterite road, two-track]
MACCOC :
Military Assistance Command (Vietnam) Combat Operations Center; see OPN.
MACH :
a number indicating the ratio of the speed of an object relative to the speed of sound in the medium through which the object is moving; being an eponym (Ernst Mach) that's abbreviated "M". MACH is not a measure of the speed of an object but of the speed of sound from that object passing through a particular medium, as effected by atmospheric pressure and temperature, which is not constant; most modern jets fly at about 420 to 580 miles per hour (mph), or at about 75 percent of the speed of sound. See SONIC BOOM, SUPERSONIC, HYPERSONIC, SCRAMJET, JET PROPULSION, FAE. [nb: the velocity and distance that sound travels in either air or water depends upon atmospheric pressure, medium temperature, molecular density, and turbulence; such that under equivalent conditions, sound moves faster in salt water than in fresh, faster in fresh water than in air. The audible range of sound wave frequencies for humans is 20 - 20,000 Hz; above which ultrasonic waves may be felt, instead of heard.]
MACHETE :
a heavy utilitarian implement for slashing and chopping, and also used as a weapon in sword-like cutting; this Spanish-American knife derives its name from "macho sledgehammer". Consisting of a painted 16-18 inch carbon steel blade with a straight back, its single-edge curves deeply from the tip and tapers to the handle without a crossguard. Formerly the handle was unfinished wood, but during the VIETNAM WAR, the handle was changed to black plastic, making it harder to grasp. The wrist thong, drilled or molded, is a valuable safety feature for this tool. The pattern of the blade tip and curve have altered over the decades, but the MACHETE is not an axe nor a sickle, neither is it a sword, although it has been so used when nothing else was available. A MACHETE, having a simple beveled edge of mild steel (or of low hardness), is designed to chop woody stalks, reeds, canes, and vines, and is intended to be resharpened often with a rasp or whetstone. Earlier models also included a leather or canvas sheath, but that too became a plastic scabbard, making its carry and use much noisier. See BANANA BOLO, BOLO, ASTRONAUT SURVIVAL KNIFE, SMATCHET, V-44 MARINE RAIDER KNIFE, KNIFE. [v: gollock, kukri; cf: secateurs, pruners, loppers, shears, scissors] [v: Knife Terms ; The Language of Swordplay ]
MACHINEGUNNER :
see LMG, SAW, PIG, NUMBER SIXTY, HEAVY MG, FIFTY, MA DEUCE, QUAD 50, MINIGUN, LOADER, DOOR GUNNER, COOK-OFF, KICK, COAX, PINTLE, SPONSON, FPL, SPRAY, HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, MOAN 'n' GROAN, MAD MINUTE, FIREPOWER, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS. [nb: Vietnamese term: Xa Thu Lien Thanh] [nb: an MG fires RIFLE ammunition, but an SMG fires PISTOL ammunition] [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MACHO :
an assertive or domineering male, especially an arrogant specimen exhibiting exaggerated hypermasculine characteristics out of ignorance, inexperience, or immaturity; a misbegotten attitude that virility and strength, as masculine concomitants, confer social standing as an entitlement. Machismo embodies a mistaken sense of manliness; it is a contrapositive of "effeminate / effeminacy". Such a poseur is often known as a "mouth fighter", braggart, TOY SOLDIER, or WHISKEY WARRIOR. See GUTS, MOXIE, ONIONS, HERO, WATCH MY SMOKE, BITE THE BULLET, BRAGGING RIGHTS, BTDT, COUNT COUP, PISSING CONTEST, COLD WAR, FLOWER WAR, SHOW THE FLAG. [v: "chest bump", being a short-lived fad between the Vietnam-era and the Gulf-era where MACHO males expressed their solidarity and camaraderie by jumping at each other so as to slam their chests together ... requiring a modicum of coordination and strength, this theatrical gesture probably dissipated with the occurrence of 'nose bumps' and the onset of potbellies; nb: not to be confused with the MACHO contest commonly known as "Texas Chest Slapping", wherein two men (typically drunk) stand facing within arm's length of one another, alternately exchanging open-handed slaps to each other's chest in a DUEL to determine who will forfeit (alpha male) primacy by being made to stagger or fall from his position] [cf: wight, mensch / menschen; brio, élan vital]
MACI :
Military Adaptable Commercial Item; see LOGISTICS. [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MACOI :
Military Assistance Command (Vietnam) Office of Information; see PIO, PAO, WIEU, FIVE O'CLOCK FOLLIES, DOG 'n' PONY SHOW, SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS.
MAC-SOG / MACSOG :
Military Assistance Command - Studies and Observations Group; see MACV-SOG, SOG.
MACT :
(mack-tee) Military Assistance Command (Vietnam) Training directorate; see TRNG, TRAIN.
MACTHAI :
(mack-tie) Military Assistance Command THAIland; properly abbreviated as USMACTHAI.
MACV :
MACV
(mack-vee, not "m-a-c-v") Military Assistance Command Vietnam, from 8 Feb 1962, through 16 May 1964 reorganization after MAAG-VN deactivation, to 29 Mar 1973 disbandment. The crenelated yellow wall depicted fess on the MACV shoulder insignia (SSI) represents the Great Wall of China (CHINESE WALL), while the crusader's sword symbolically stops the gap of invasion.
MACV-SOG / MACVSOG :
unofficial
SOG emblem
COVER name for the interservice project known as "Military Assistance Command Vietnam - Studies and Observations Group" or 'Special Operations Group' (SOG); also known as MAC-SOG / MACSOG. [nb: personnel assigned to SOG / MACV-SOG wore the insignia of their parent unit (eg: Army personnel were assigned by Special Forces, MACV, or USARV) whenever not in a sterile uniform, but the unofficial patch for this covert organization was sometimes worn on a pocket, inside a blouse, inside a hat, or displayed as a "beer can" emblem on a plaque; although this unofficial design had many variants, it essentially consisted of pilot's wings and a fouled anchor surmounted by a shellburst with a grinning ("death's-head") skull and banner, the whole emblazoned on a shield; designed by MAJ Malcolm Vere "Mack" Fites, a Marine Corps officer assigned to OP-31 during 1965-66, its symbology represents an interservice project that was born on the battlefield]
MAD :
Magnetic Anomaly Detector, being a device trailed from a fuselage extension to about 3000ft in Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) searches; also called "MAD gear"; see GUPPY, ORION; compare LITTLE BUDDY. Also, acronym for Mutually Assured Destruction, being a US strategic policy of deterrence through irrevocable retaliation; compare GRADUATED RESPONSE, FLEXIBLE RESPONSE; see BRINKMANSHIP, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK, OVERKILL, UP-GUN, OUTGUN, TOTAL WAR, DOOMSDAY, KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT, KILL 'EM ALL, GENOCIDE. [v: vernichtungsgedanken] Also, abbreviation for Marine Aviation Detachment; compare MCAS, NAS.
MA DEUCE / FIFTY :
informal designation for the 1919 Browning M-2 .5O-caliber machinegun with heavy-barrel (@84#), being a belt-fed, recoil-operated, and air-cooled automatic weapon, 65" long, tripod or pedestal mounted, firing with a "butterfly" TRIGGER from the open-bolt position at a rate of 450-555rpm at a range of 7460 yards. See HEAVY MG, QUAD 50, MG, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS. [nb: the Browning M-3P .5O-caliber machinegun is remotely-controlled and electrically-fired, as designed for use in ground vehicles, watercraft, and aircraft] [nb: in 1983, the MK19-3 40mm grenade machinegun (@72.5#), being a belt-fed, blowback-operated, and air-cooled automatic weapon for delivering decisive firepower against enemy personnel and lightly armored vehicles to an effective range of 2200m, replaced the M-2 heavy machinegun as the primary suppressive weapon in vehicle-mounted combat support operations]
MADHOUSE :
slang for MACV headquarters, located at Ton Son Nhut (TSN) airport, and staffed by MAD MONKEYS; also called "Pentagon East", Fort Fumble, or Fudge Factory; compare PUZZLE PALACE, IMPERIAL PALACE, PINK PALACE, GROUND ZERO; see FIVE O'CLOCK FOLLIES, DOG 'n' PONY SHOW, JCS, HEADQUARTERISM. Also, slang for that place where the psycho or weirdo, nut or nutso, freak or wacko is taken after a psychotic episode, after a crack-up or breakdown, to go overboard or off the edge, to wig-out or freak-out, be bonkers or loopy; variously known as asylum, sanatorium, psychotherapeutic hospital, psychiatric hospital, insane asylum, mental health clinic, mental hygiene ward, psych ward, mental ward, bedlam, booby hatch, nuthouse, crazy house, cuckoo's nest, funny farm, funny house, loony bin, ding wing, hatchery, flight deck, or wack sack; see PTSD, FLASHBACK, THOUSAND-YARD STARE, TELESCOPING, BLACKOUT, ZOMBIE, WATERWORKS, DISSOCIATION, OBJECTIFICATION, CONVERSION SYMPTOMS. [nb: "basket-case" is a term for multiple amputee; now meaning an incapacitated or dysfunctional person, anyone or anything totally impaired]
MAD MINUTE :
concentrated fire of all weapons on perimeter for a brief period of time at optimum rate, set to coincide with STAND-TO or previously scheduled attack, so as to interrupt any enemy plans; also called MIKE-MIKE, "mad-mike", or "red splash", and formerly known as "morning concert". See HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, BUSTING CAPS, SPRAY, FLOCK SHOOT, BLIND FIRE, HAPPY FIRE; compare FPL, ENFILADE, RECON BY FIRE, RING OF FIRE.
MAD MONKEYS :
MACV staffers occupying the MADHOUSE (qv).
MAE WEST :
inflatable life vest. Also, parachute malfunction where suspension lines divide the main canopy into two sections, like a gigantic brassiere, as derived from allusion to famous full-breasted actress as namesake; properly called "lineover", but also resembles a "partial inversion".
MAF :
Marine Amphibious Force; see III MAF.
MAFFIA :
an exclusive set, in-group, coterie, or clique; see BOY'S CLUB, KHAKI MAFIA, RING-KNOCKER, CASTE.
MAFIA ROSARY :
see GARROTE.
MAG :
short for MAGazine; being the metal receptacle where ammunition is stored after being loaded from cartons, CLIPs, or BANDOLEERs until placed in the "magazine well" or "...housing" of an autoloading SMALL ARM. Magazine-fed weapons are distinguished from single-shot (eg: M-79 grenade launcher) and from belt-fed (eg: M-60 light machinegun). See DRUM, BANANA CLIP, C-CLIP, RIFLE, PISTOL, SMG, SAW, STONER; compare BLOOPER, MG, LINK AMMO, AMMO CAN, ARMS ROOM. [v: Firearms Glossary ] Also, abbreviation for Marine Air Group.
MAGAZINE :
a metal receptacle containing a number of CARTRIDGEs that's inserted into certain types of autoloading weapons, which, when empty, is removed and replaced by a full receptacle in order to continue firing; often shortened to 'MAG' (qv). Also, a room or separated place used for keeping GUNPOWDER and other EXPLOSIVEs, as in a FORT or on a WARSHIP. Also, a building or other separate place (eg: storehouse, warehouse) used for keeping military stores, such as arms, ammunition, or provisions; see ARSENAL, compare ARMS ROOM, ARMORY. [v: arming chest] Also, a collection of war MUNITIONS.
MAGEN DAVID ADOM :
the Red Star of David has been used since 1935 to represent Israel's national disaster, ambulance, emergency medical, and blood bank services, but this symbol is not recognized as a protective sign by the Geneva Conventions, and it has been rejected by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, arguing that a proliferation of designs would detract from the mission, until 22 June 2006 when a non-religious icon (red crystal or red diamond) was substituted. Although the Red Star of David is still displayed inside the country (sometimes surrounded by the generic red lozenge), only the RED CRYSTAL is recognized worldwide. [nb: RED CRYSTAL is officially identified as the Third Protocol Emblem or Protocol III] [nb: an attack upon a marked vehicle or facility, and the capture or injury of an unarmed aid worker at such a site is legally a 'war crime']
MAGGIE'S DRAWERS :
a firing range signal indicating that the shooter completely missed the target; originating with flag signals to score shooting accuracy. This is an obsolete expression (shooting has been scored electronically since the GULF WAR) but modern MIL-PERS have mistakenly used it as a synonym for FLYING BRAVO, especially in the sense of menstruation and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS); however the MAGGIE'S DRAWERS firing range signal was white, evocative of the color of women's panties of the era, while the FLYING BRAVO range warning flag is solid red in color. See BOLO, GROUP TIGHTENER, BULL'S-EYE, POINT-BLANK, RED FLAG; compare WIGWAG, GUIDON, WAVE OFF, DAP.
MAGGOT :
person assigned or serving with any MAAG element; may be spelled "MAAGgot". Also, Marine slang for a DUD, based upon classic definition of "soft-bodied legless larva"; compare SMACK, BOOT, PYHOOYA, see TADPOLE. Also, the larva of certain flies; see RICE KRISPIES, CRISPY CRITTER, TADPOLE, CREATURE FEATURE, FLOATER, BODY BAG. Also, an odd whim or fancy.
MAGICAL MYSTERY TOUR :
a catch-phrase for someone's next duty assignment, with implications of a quest involving unknown adventures and unexpected hazards; so-called after the 1967 Beatles' experimental (unscripted) film and six song (later expanded) soundtrack; see TDY, PCS, HOMESTEADER, TOUR BABY, DOG'S YEAR, HARDSHIP TOUR, GARDEN SPOT, BACKWASH, BUMFUCK, JUNKET.
MAGIC BULLET :
a lucky shot that finds a critical vulnerability out of sheer chance, being a constant risk of happenstance in war; see GOLDEN BB, ACHILLES HEEL, HAMSTRING, CHINK. Also, a contrived cure-all or concocted remedy to a problem or predicament; compare SILVER BULLET, BULLETPROOF, FAIRY DUST, VULCANIZE. [nb: the concept of a 'magic bullet' seemingly derives from the biochemical treatment of diseases that has been known as 'chemotherapy' since 1891, as coined by the research physician Paul Ehrlich]
MAGIC DUST :
see ANGEL DUST.
MAGIC KINGDOM :
a facetious reference to big government, being that monolithic edifice that represents its rapacious indifference as utopian; as derived from the many imaginative fantasies represented in myth and legend, such as C.S. Lewis' Narnia; see THE G, THE ESTABLISHMENT, ALPHABET CITY, SOG, FOGGY BOTTOM, GREEN ACRES, OLYMPUS, THE HILL, MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, UNCLE SAM. Also, by extension, any unrealistic scenario or fantastic construct; see THEME PARK, EXERCISE, WAR GAMES, CLOUD-CUCKOO-LAND, HOUSE OF CARDS, RABBIT HOLE.
MAGIC POTION :
slang for any powerful liquid, especially a drink that enchants or enthralls; also called "witches' brew" or "devil's brew". Also, slang for any liquid concoction, especially one used as a medium or carrier for some diagnostic or therapeutic treatment; a medicinal elixir. Also, slang for any volatile fluid used as an explosive; also called COCKTAIL, SOUP, HEAVY WATER.
MAGIC SHOP :
slang for an ARMORY, being a place (S-4 annex) where arms and armor are made by an ARMORER; so-called from the technical fabrication and experimental modification of SMALL ARMS, and the sophisticated results. Compare ARSENAL, MAGAZINE.
MAGINOT LINE :
a zone of heavy defensive fortifications erected along France's eastern border after WWI, which was outflanked by a German BLITZKRIEG invasion through Belgium in 1940; named after Andre Maginot, the French Minister of War. Compare SIEGFRIED LINE, STAR WARS, SMEZ, BERLIN WALL, IRON CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, McNAMARA'S WALL, McNAMARA LINE, MARETH LINE, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [v: Atlantic Wall] [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
MAGISTRAL LINE :
the principal or main line from which the position of the other lines of fieldworks is determined; as derived from 'master', being the baseline when developing fortifications. [v: Military Earthworks Terms ]
MAGTF :
Marine Air Ground Task Force, being a temporary COMBINED ARMS unit composed of USMC land forces and air support, but not Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) or Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB); compare ATF, see TF. [nb: a "composite MAGTF" is formed using forces from two or more other MAGTF's]
MAHDI :
a corruption of the designation for the Muslim savior or messiah [anointed], being any Muhammadan enemy, but especially an Islamic martyr; see MUJ, HAJJI, ALI BABA, RAGHEAD, TERRORIST, BAD GUYS.
MAIDEN VOYAGE :
the first CRUISE or initial FLOAT of a newly built boat or ship, typically following the sea trials from the shipyard that tests its seaworthiness. Also, the first FLOAT or initial CRUISE of a sailor (ie: SWABBY, SQUID, etc); see DRYBACK, NEWBEE, CHERRY, FRESH CATCH, CHUM, NUGGET, SHOWER SHOE, FNG.
MAIL :
letters, correspondence, communiqués, documents, and the like that's distributed to individuals and commands; see MAIL CALL, SUGAR REPORT, V-MAIL, FREE, TRADE ENVELOPES, MWR LINE, CARE, ASH 'n' TRASH, COMM SHACK, MARS, DB, POOP, CIRCULAR LETTER, HATE MAIL, RED TAPE, FINDING, REPORT, WHITE PAPER; compare MALE CALL, DEAD LETTER, BREADCRUMBING, GRAYMAIL, OUTGOING MAIL, MERCHANT MARINE. [v: airmail / air-mail / air mail, airgram / aerogram, priority mail, express mail, surface mail / s-mail, snail mail; cf: Mailgram, radiogram / radiotelegram / marconigram, cablegram, telegram / fast telegram / overnight telegram / personal-opinion telegram, electronic mail / e-mail] Also, the interstices in a NET, being the origin of flexible body armor; see FLAK JACKET, FLAK VEST, CHICKEN PLATE, HAPPY SUIT, OTV, IOTV; compare FARADAY POUCH.
MAIL BUOY :
a nonexistent object that a novice or tyro is required to attend in the same manner as any other SNIPE HUNT objective; compare MERMAID, DRAGON.
MAIL CALL :
the hierarchical distribution of correspondence and parcels, particularly official communications or formal communiqués, passed to the appropriate or designated recipient for his information or attention, including ORDERs and other POOP (eg: Daily Bulletin), but most especially, the personal and private letters addressed to individuals and handed-out in a formation, often daily, similar to SICK CALL, POLICE CALL, OFFICER'S CALL, or other BUGLE CALLs. See SUGAR REPORT, V-MAIL, FREE, TRADE ENVELOPES, CARE, ASH 'n' TRASH, COMM SHACK, MARS, CIRCULAR LETTER, HATE MAIL; compare MALE CALL, DEAD LETTER, BREADCRUMBING, GRAYMAIL, OUTGOING MAIL, MERCHANT MARINE. [nb: a "mail buoy" is a nonexistent navigational aid, where mail packets from passing vessels have supposedly been posted for collection by another vessel, used as mild harassment by OLD SALTs for FRESH CATCH when standing watch; compare MERMAID, DRAGON, PROP WASH, SNIPE HUNT]
MAILMAN :
(forthcoming); courier; compare RUNNER, BAGMAN.
MAIL-ORDER :
see WISH BOOK.
MAIM / MAIMED :
to impair or cripple by a physical injury; to deprive of the use of some part of the body by wounding or the like; see MILLION DOLLAR WOUND, PROFILE, ZULU, WHOLE MAN. Also, to make essentially defective or imperfect, as in the tactical effect of sacrificing a part for the whole; see LAST STAND, SUICIDE SQUAD, DECOY, AUTOTOMY. [v: mangle, deform, deface, mayhem; cf: xenomelia, body dysmorphic disorder, bodily image integrity disorder]
MAIN FORCE :
fully trained and equipped Viet Cong and regular North Vietnamese military units; Vietnamese term CHU LUC. Compare LOCAL FORCE; see B-5 FRONT, NLF, PRG, PLA, NVA, VC.
MAIN-GUN :
the primary or principal gun of a vehicle/vessel or crew, variously from machineguns to flamethrowers, including cannons; see BORESIGHT, MUZZLE, KICK, HANG FIRE, FLAREBACK, FIREPOWER, WILD SHOT, TURRET, TRAVERSE, ELEVATION, NLOS-C, SQUIRREL GUN, TANK, MUZZLE-BRAKE, KILL RING, ARTY, TUBE, TUBE MONKEY. [nb: "The King's Final Argument" is a phrase that was routinely incised into European cannon barrels from the Renaissance until World War I; typically inscribed in Latin ("Ultima Ratio Regis"; "Utema Rasio Regum"), it means that the greatest weaponry ultimately settles any dispute (ie: MIGHT MAKES RIGHT)]
MAINSIDE :
MarSpeak reference to the principal or primary portion of a base or installation, where the headquarters (HQ) are located along with the base exchange, theater, and other amenities; as opposed to being "in the field". Compare BOONDOCKS / BOONIES, INDIAN COUNTRY, THULE, BANJO COUNTRY, FRONT LINE, DOWN RANGE.
MAINSTAY :
anything that serves as chief part or primary support; including an essential person, such as the "anchorman" or "right-hand man". Specific naval use as the stay that secures the mainmast forward. [v: sine qua non, causa sine qua non]
MAI TAI / MAI-TAI :
(forthcoming); see "tiki culture" at TIKI
MAJ :
the abbreviation for MAJor (O-4), a field grade rank in the Army, Air Force, and Marines, that's equivalent to Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) in the Navy; see RANK, RATING, LDR, OFFICER.
MAJOR :
MAJ
the field-grade officer RANK (MAJ) or RATING (O-4) intermediate between Captain (CPT) and Lieutenant Colonel (LTC), and equivalent to Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) in the Navy; being one of superior ability or power, as derived from large or great, and related to majesty. The first officer so designated in the U.S. Army was Thomas Knowlton, commander of a Connecticut militia unit known as "Congress' Own Knowlton Rangers", who was mortally wounded 16 September 1776 during a skirmish with the Black Watch in the Battle of Harlem Heights. See OFFICER, RANK.
MAKEE LEARN / MAKEE LEARNEE :
a PIDGIN expression for practical instruction, such as 'on the job training'; also represented as "make-ye learn-ye". Also, in NavSpeak, informal designation for a pupil or student, apprentice or understudy (protégé); also, an alternate or substitute, stand-in or pinch hitter. See KISS, OJT, POI, CROSS-TRAINING, TICKET, TRNG, MIL-CRAFT, COUNTERINTUITIVE, Q-COURSE, CHARM SCHOOL, TRADE SCHOOL.
MAKE MY DAY :
a post-Vietnam catch-phrase that invites transgression so that RETALIATION or RETRIBUTION can follow; also expressed as "Go ahead, make my day!" This phrase was made notorious by the Inspector "Dirty Harry" Callahan character (Clint Eastwood) in the 1983 film Sudden Impact, but was previously used by the Tom Walsh character (Gary Swanson) in the 1982 film Vice Squad. This line ["Go ahead scumbag, make my day!" uttered by Tom Walsh, or "Go on punk, make my day!" uttered by Dirty Harry] has been attributed to screenwriters Dean "Dinky" Riesner and Joseph Stinson.
MAKE WAY :
an injunction or interjection calling for clear passage, as to "make way" for RANK, or to "give way" for urgency; also expressed as GANGWAY. Also, to desist or relinquish.
MALARIA :
a group of intermittent or remittent diseases that are characterized by attacks of chills, fever, aches, and sweating, and are caused by a parasitic protozoan transferred to the human bloodstream by an anopheles [literally: "good for nothing"] mosquito; usually treated with quinine, quinacrine (Atabrine/Atebrin), amodiaquin, chloroquine, chloroquine-primaquine, acedapsone, and sulfadiazine. Inherited resistance and genetic immunity (eg: sickle-cell anemia, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, etc) to MALARIA poses other physiological deficiencies. Term means "bad air" since the disease was supposed to derive from unwholesome or poisonous air; has also been called ague, bilious fever, congestive fever, intermittent fever. Although there are not supposed to be any mosquitos above the approximate 3,000 foot level, altitude is less of a barrier than cold. See HORSE PILL, FUO, BLACKWATER, BONE BREAK FEVER, YELLOW JACK, CHIKUNGUNYA; compare DAPSONE, CORK. [nb: an antipyretic medicine (Warburg's Tincture) consisting of quinine and other herbs was invented (1834) by Carl Warburg, a German physician, in British Guiana; after experimental testing, this proprietary remedy was officially adopted (1847) by the Austrian Empire, and was also supplied to troops in India and other colonies by the British government]
MALAYAN GATE :
a BOOBY-TRAP consisting of a spike-mounted sapling positioned to swing upon release and sweep an arc area at groin height; also called "Malayan Whip". Compare PUNJI STAKE, FRAISE; see TU DAI.
MALE CALL :
(forthcoming); comic strip featuring Miss Lace by Milton Caniff; spin-off from "Terry and the Pirates"; later created STEVE CANYON; compare GI JOE, SAD SACK; see COMICS, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.
MALFUNCTION :
see FOUL-UP / FOULED-UP, GLITCH, SNIVITZ, SNARK, BUG, GREMLIN, STANDARD ERROR, PROBABLE ERROR, PLAN B, SEAT OF THE PANTS. [nb: it's a Murphy Law of Combat that: "Everything breaks, breaks-down, or wears-out."]
MALINGER / MALINGERER :
to pretend illness or infirmity in order to shirk assigned work; someone (eg: skulk, laggard, sluggard, underworker, no-goodnik, etc) who shirks his DUTY. See CAPE HORN FEVER, FUO / FOUO; compare DUD, GOLDBRICK, FEATHER MERCHANT, SLACKER, TAP-DANCER, SOLDIERing, HALF-ASSED, GHOST, SKATE, REST ON OARS.
MAMA-SAN / MAMA-SAHN :
any mature Asian woman; term borrowed from Japanese. Compare BA, CO; see PAPA-SAN, BABY-SAN. [cf: grandam, nana, nanny, amah, ayah]
MAMELUKE SWORD :
the ceremonial sword of the U.S. Marine Corps that's worn by warrant and commissioned officers, as derived from such a sword presented by Prince Hamet Bey, an Ottoman pasha, to Marine lieutenant Presley N. O'Bannon, who successfully led Arabs in an attack on pirates during the 1804-5 "shores of Tripoli" campaign; the Mamluks/Mamelukes were former slaves who became an Egyptian military class, influential from about 1250 until 1811. See LEATHERNECK; compare LONG KNIFE, OLD WRIST BREAKER. [v: Knife Terms ; The Language of Swordplay ]
MAMLUK / MAMELUKE :
a warrior caste that was dominant in Egypt and influential in the Middle East for over seven hundred years (from AD800); the word is Arabic for 'slave'. Islamic rulers created this warrior caste by collecting non-Muslim slave boys and training them as cavalry soldiers who were especially loyal to their owner and to each other; converting to Islam in the course of their training. They defeated the last of the Crusaders, repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria (1260), conquered the Christian-held island of Cyprus (1424-26), and at times, they held all Palestine and the holy places of Arabia. The Ottomans skillfully used artillery and their slave infantry, the Janissaries, to defeat the Mamluks / Mamelukes, but did not destroy them as a class. When Ottoman power began to decline in the 18th century, the Mamluks / Mamelukes regained some autonomy and self-rule; they were defeated by Napoleon I during his invasion of Egypt in 1798, but their power as a class was ended only in 1811 by Muhammad Ali. See CASTE.
MANDARIN :
an influential government official or powerful bureaucrat, also called a "suit"; see CLUB FED, POLITICIAN, POTUS, VP, CZAR, WISE MEN, BEST AND BRIGHTEST, BRAIN TRUST, KITCHEN CABINET, WHIZ KID, BRASS HAT, MILICRAT, RING-KNOCKER, KHAKI MAFIA. Also, a member of an influential or preeminent group, of a dominant or elite class (SECOND ESTATE); white-shoe, bluestocking, Brahmin, Oxbridge, gentry, nobility, aristocracy. [v: mandarinate; cf: apparatchik, nomenklatura, eunuch, nabob, nibs] [nb: the personal representatives of the G8 (ie: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) Heads of State and Government, who arrange the annual summit meeting in a series of pre-/post-meeting sessions, are commonly called "sherpas", and their assistants are known as "sous-sherpas", named after the Nepalese porters who assist Himalayan climbers]
MANDATORY FUN :
the requirement to "make nice" at a picnic or party with other people who are also obliged to attend ... some of whom work together, where one's social performance will be evaluated as a prerequisite for promotion; such compulsory social interaction, which any normal person would rather spend with their family and friends, is probably a characterization that should be reserved for the privacy of one's own home ... boldly asking "if anyone is having any fun yet?" is not recommended for career advancement! [nb: "As dates, diplomats, and every other abused associate knows all too well ... compulsory amiability and enforced conviviality can lead to unpredictable, if not disastrous consequences; anyone intent upon having a good time at some gathering can make Hell into a very small place for the rest of the party!"]
MANEUVER :
(forthcoming); offensive mobility vs defensive conservation of force; wrong-footed; "tricks of agility" (Clausewitz)
MANEUVERS :
(forthcoming); see EXERCISE, OPLAN.
MAN FRIDAY :
any BLACK GI who BROWN NOSES his white superior to retain a good job or to avoid combat; a factotum, comprador, horse-holder, shield-bearer, spear-carrier, water-hauler, stamp-licker, or henchman. Compare ATTABOY, BROWN NOSER, DOGSBODY, HACK, RING-KNOCKER, CANDY-ASS, HOUSE MOUSE, RUNNER.
MANGO SHOWER :
a brief but intense rainstorm that occurs anomalously during the dry season in southeast Asia; it's so-called because its occurrence signals when the mangoes (a sweet tropical fruit) are ripe enough to be picked. Compare MONSOON; see WIND, GUMBO.
MANG YANG PASS :
a highland pass on Highway 19 (STREET WITHOUT JOY), between An Khe and Pleiku; site of a decisive ambush of French troops (Groupe Mobile 100) by VIET MINH forces in 1954. Compare HAI VAN PASS, AN KHE PASS.
MANHATTAN PROJECT :
Manhattan Engineer District
the CODENAME for the WWII program to develop the A-BOMB as a weapon; the discovery of fission in 1939 persuaded scientists that certain radioactive materials could be used to make a bomb of unprecedented power. The Uranium Committee investigated the possibilities until the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction (nuclear pile) was achieved on 2 December 1942 at the metallurgical laboratory of the University of Chicago under the leadership of Enrico Fermi. Formed in August 1942, the Army's "Manhattan Engineer District", under the command of General Leslie R. Groves, then obtained sufficient amounts of the two necessary isotopes to assemble the devices. Uranium-235 was separated from the much more abundant uranium-238 by the gaseous diffusion process at Oak Ridge, TN; and nonfissionable uranium-238 was transmuted into plutonium-239 in reactors at Hanford, WA. The actual design and building of the plutonium and uranium bombs was undertaken by a group of American and European-refugee scientists under the leadership of J. Robert Oppenheimer in a remote laboratory at Los Alamos, NM. Due to a tactical scarcity of resources and a strategic urgency of the war, only one nuclear test explosion, CODENAMEd "Trinity", of a plutonium device was conducted on 16 July 1945 near Alamogordo, NM. An untested uranium bomb ("Little Boy") was dropped from a B-29 SUPER FORTRESS over Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, killing at least 70,000 inhabitants. On 9 August 1945, a plutonium bomb ("Fat Man"), which was virtually identical to the Trinity device, was dropped over Nagasaki (the primary target of Kohara was obscured by clouds), killing at least 35,000 inhabitants. See BIKINI, ENIWETOK, SCRAM, FALLOUT, NUKE, OVERKILL, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK, CBR. [nb: the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb in August 1949]
MANIFEST :
a list of passengers and cargo carried by an airplane, ship, truck, or train; as derived from 'evident' or "detected in the act". See FORM, LOG, ANNEX, PAPER TRAIL, RED TAPE, STRAP-HANGER, SUPERCARGO, TICKET-PUNCHER.
MANIFEST DESTINY :
an imperialistic belief in expansion, both cultural and geographical, which expression was coined by John L. O'Sullivan (1839); along with the MONROE DOCTRINE (which had remained in effect from the WAR OF 1812 until WWI), this philosophy was formally refuted as a national policy option in 2013; see FOREIGN AFFAIRS, FOREIGN POLICY, GEOPOLITICS, PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE.
MANIFOLD SET :
a thin sheet of typing paper with a flimsy page of carbon paper already attached, available in pale colors and with the word "copy" preprinted in outline block letters as a watermark; also called "manifold carbon set", "copy set", or "flimsy setup". This "second sheet" configuration was ideal for CLERKS 'n' JERKS since it was practically foolproof. Although the pull-apart flimsy sets could be recycled, the carbon pages were not expected to be re-used. Carbon paper, which had originally been invented (1803) to help blind people write, was (by all evidence) fairly complicated, mandating that the correct side be properly layered in the paper "sandwich", and that it be offset from its previous placement so as to utilize the unexposed portions of the page ... a situation fraught with numerous pitfalls, typically resulting in several retyping jobs when the text inevitably appeared in reverse on the back of the original! A marvel of technology known as No Carbon Required [NCR paper], a special paper first marketed in 1954, which actually contained minute beads of ink throughout the whole sheet of carbonless paper, such that any untoward pressure would immediately mark the pristine paper in an unsightly manner, proved to be even more complicated than carbon paper! ... at least carbon paper had alternate dull and shiny sides, but NCR paper just smelled good and messed everything up no matter how many layers were added or removed. It's axiomatic that everything committed to paper in the Armed Forces must be generated in CYA duplicates or circulation multiples, such that the extensive paperwork necessary to operate any military organization will collapse it by sheer volume and cripple its leaders with writer's cramp! The only thing that kept America's enemies "beyond the pale" during the COLD WAR was MANIFOLD SETs! ... and in the latest Global War On Terror (GWOT), computer driven jet propelled printers have come to the rescue! As long as there's paper and ink to document the battles, our great nation will triumph! See FORM, REPORT, ANNEX, PAPER BULLET, SNOWFLAKE, RED TAPE, CC, TYPEWRITER, MIMEOGRAPH, ORIFICE. [cf: true or fair copy] [nb: multiple-part form 1882] [nb: "If it isn't documented then it doesn't exist!"]
MANLY ARTS :
those strenuous activities which exemplify manliness and develop good character traits; in ancient Greece, the manly arts included athletics (eg: running, tumbling, wrestling, etc), combat arts (eg: weapons, horsemanship, leadership, etc), and rhetoric (eg: composition, recitation, acting, etc), but by the 18th century in England, the "manly arts of self-defense" had dwindled to swordplay, cudgeling, and boxing. In the modern era the "manly arts" include contact sports (eg: FOOTBALL, rugby, hockey, etc), extreme sports (eg: MARATHON, TRIATHLON, PENTATHLON, etc), and simulated or actual combat (v: PAINTBALL, WAR GAMES, MOCK-COMBAT, DUEL, WAR). The "profession of arms" has been characterized as "Doing manly things in a manly manner with other men.", which experience of combat forever distinguishes and distances the veteran from the non-veteran. See MARTIAL ART, TWO-FISTED, FIELD HOUSE, A FINE AND PLEASANT MISERY, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, SWEAT HOG, HANG TOUGH, GUNG-HO, WETSU, HARD CHARGER, RED-BLOODED, ROOT HOG OR DIE, WARRIOR, QUIET PROFESSIONAL, WINTER SOLDIER. [cf: polite arts] [nb: Jean Piaget classifies children's games into three categories: games of make-believe and fantasy, games of skill and mastery, and games with rules and conditions ... this latter group includes war games, such as hide-and-seek] [cf: Trivial Pursuit (1983)] [nb: because Lee knew Hooker's cardplaying style (impetuous but irresolute), he was confident of victory at Chancellorsville in 1863, despite being vastly outnumbered] [nb: "To my way of thinking, there really are only three sports: baseball, basketball, and football ... everything else is either a game or an activity." by George Carlin; "There are only three sports -- mountain climbing, bullfighting, and motor racing -- all others being games." by Ernest Hemingway; "This is a place with only three pastimes: politics, sports, and revenge." paraphrase of Lawrence C. Moulter; "Any pastime that has no chance for serious injury or that leaves all the participants alive at the end of the activity isn't a true sport ... and if spectators bet on the outcome, then it's just a match or game."; "Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence: in other words, it is war minus the shooting." by George Orwell; "Sport in the sense of a mass-spectacle, with death to add to the underlying excitement, comes into existence when a population has been drilled and regimented and depressed to such an extent that it needs at least a vicarious participation in difficult feats of strength or skill or heroism in order to sustain its waning life-sense." by Lewis Mumford; "For man, maximum excitement is the confrontation of death and the skillful defiance of it by watching others fed to it as he survives transfixed with rapture." by Ernest Becker; "For when the One Great Scorer comes to mark against your name, He writes -- not that you won or lost -- but how you played the game." by Grantland Rice; "The point of the game is not how well the individual does but whether the team wins. That is the beautiful heart of the game, the blending of personalities, the mutual sacrifices for group success." by Bill Bradley; "Our tools for the pursuit of wildlife improve faster than we do, and sportsmanship is a voluntary limitation in the use of these armaments. It is aimed to augment the role of skill and shrink the role of gadgets in the pursuit of wild things." by Aldo Leopold; "It was hard to say, about football as about games in general, which was more impressive, the violence or the rationality." by Howard Nemerov; "Football combines the two worst features of modern American life: it's violence punctuated by committee meetings." by George Will; "In America, it is sport that is the opiate of the masses." by Russell Baker; "It ain't over till it's over." by Yogi Berra]
MANNERS / MANNERLY :
(forthcoming); [nb: until recently, an OFFICER was simultaneously designated a "gentleman" when appointed by an ACT OF CONGRESS, which not only inspired further intellectual development but also encouraged cultural sophistication, which refinements were mocked as being 'suave and debonair' (deliberately mispronounced as "soo-wave" and "dee-boner")]
MAN-OF-WAR :
a BATTLE WAGON or WARSHIP; also known as "man o' war".
THE MAN ON HORSEBACK :
a military leader who presents himself as the savior of the country during a period of crisis and either assumes or threatens to assume dictatorial powers; an allusion to any strongman or dictator, tyrant or autocrat.
MANPADS :
Man-Portable Air Defense System, being a generic term used to encapsulate the general type of shoulder-fired Surface-to-Air MISSILEs (SAM) employed against U.S. components without specifying an exact model or version (eg: "sortie interdicted by MANPADS"); see CORKSCREW.
MAN THE BARRICADES :
a catch-phrase inviting volunteers to reinforce the barriers (social or spiritual, moral or physical) against assault or incursion; see CALL TO ARMS, CALL TO THE COLORS, RALLY 'ROUND THE FLAG.
MAN-TRAP :
any snare or springe, deadfall or deathtrap, gin or drop trap, entoil or entrap; see BOOBY-TRAP, PUNJI STAKE, FRAISE, ABATIS, TROU-DE-LOUP, TIGER PIT, TIGER TRAP, PITFALL, MALAYAN GATE, TRICK, DECOY, RUSE DE GUERRE. Also, a secure PASSAGEWAY that has restricted access and may be locked down in case of emergency; used as either a double-barrier VESTIBULE for the protection of classified materials, or as a double-control corridor for the safe movement of people, especially inmates; a MAN-TRAP is designed so that only one door may be opened at a time, and arranged so that all interior areas are available for inspection from the exterior ... ingress and egress are regulated from outside the MAN-TRAP.
MANUAL :
see FM, TM, TC, DASH TEN, CIRCULAR, MANUAL OF ARMS, THE BIBLE, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, BY THE BOOK, SCRIPTURES.
MANUAL OF ARMS :
the prescribed orders and drill for handling a weapon, such as Inspection Arms, Port Arms, Order Arms, STACK ARMS, and so forth. See CARRY ARMS, CARRY SWORDS, SALUTE, HIGH BALL, CLOSE ORDER, DISMISS, THE BIBLE, DRILL, SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER, SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, BY THE BOOK, SCRIPTURES. [cf: vade mecum (Latin: handbook, guide (literally: "go with me")]
A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO :
a misquote that has become a catch-phrase for obligatory action, especially that which is distasteful or unpleasant, bothersome or vexatious; a moral debt or personal responsibility, deontological onus or answerability. See DUTY, PROMISE, OATH, CREED, HONOR CODE, CODE OF CONDUCT, LITMUS TEST, LOYALTY UP - LOYALTY DOWN, WINTER SOLDIER, BRASS-COLLAR, DUE DILIGENCE, STRAIGHT ARROW, TOE THE LINE, BITE THE BULLET, ROOT HOG OR DIE, ONCE MORE UNTO THE BREACH, TAKE IT ON THE CHIN, LAST STAND, HOLD ONE'S FEET TO THE FIRE, STAND ONE'S GROUND, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, KISS, SCAR. [nb: "A man's got to do what a man's got to do." by Charlton Heston in "Three Violent People" film (1956); "I couldn't do what I gotta do if I hadn't always knowed that I could trust ya.", "A man has to be what he is." by Alan Ladd in "Shane" film (1953); "A man ought'a do what he thinks is best." by John Wayne (Marion Michael Morrison) in "Hondo" film] [nb: this phrase has become an anthem ("I gotta do what I gotta do!") for defying the interference of do-gooders and meddlers, a self-justification for resisting intrusive authority] [v: numinous, deontology, eudemonism; cf: meliorism, Solomonic compromise] [cf: "Having done what men could, they suffered what men must." by Thucydides]
MAN-UP :
(forthcoming); compare "buck-up" at BUCK, BITE THE BULLET, FIDO, WHITE-KNUCKLE, SUCK IT UP, MANLY ARTS, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, SHIT HAPPENS, BAD-MOUTH, BITCH, MOAN 'n' GROAN, FANG, EMBRACE THE SUCK, TS CARD. [nb: "Men were only made into 'men' with great difficulty even in primitive society: the male is not naturally a 'man' any more than the woman. He has to be propped up into that position with some ingenuity, and is always likely (sic: liable) to collapse." by Wyndham Lewis; "Not only is it harder to be a man, it is also harder to become one." by Arianna Stassinopoulos; "A woman simply is, but a man must become. Masculinity is risky and elusive. It is achieved by a revolt from woman, and it is confirmed only by other men .... Manhood coerced into sensitivity is no manhood at all." by Camille Paglia; "Masculinity is not something given to you, but something you gain. And you gain it by winning small battles with honor." by Norman Mailer; "The things a man has to have are hope and confidence in himself against (the) odds, and sometimes he needs somebody, his pal or his mother or his wife or God, to give him that confidence. He's got to have some inner standards worth fighting for or there won't be any way to bring him into conflict. And he must be ready to choose death before dishonor without making too much song and dance about it. That's all there is to it." by Clark Gable]
MAP :
topographic map; see COMICS, TOPO, AZIMUTH, GRID COORDINATES, GRID LINES, CONTOUR LINES, DEAD-RECKONING, SLANT DISTANCE, UTM, GPS, CHART, MOSAIC MAP, ATLAS, MGRS, NIMA, MUX, PINS IN THE MAP SYNDROME. [nb: clay relief maps were used in Mesopotamia around 3000BC. The first carved stone relief map of a Chinese district was sent to the Emperor in 210BC, and it was so impressive as to scale and detail that all administrators were commissioned to similarly survey and map their districts, until the entire Empire was represented. To offset the inconvenience of stone and wooden maps, China began making silk maps around 266BC. Chinese archives document terrain modeling with rice, sawdust, and melted wax by various military commands in AD32. Scale-model relief maps were made portable by hinged folding and by segmental disassembly ca421-466 ... which inspired the creation of "jigsaw puzzles".] [nb: the Army Corps of Engineers was assigned the responsibility for surveying America's borders and features in 1831, resulting in a separate Topographic Corps in 1838] [nb: during WWII, the OSS issued a playing card deck to some teams that, when laid out in a particular order, formed an operational map detailing the assignments for a specific mission; furthermore, escape maps hidden on playing cards in a deck were also provided to assist downed crewmembers evade capture in select areas] [nb: the source for military maps was changed from US Geologic Survey to Nat'l Imaging and Mapping Agency in Oct 1996 due to downlink satellite profiles, then renamed National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)] Also, USAF Military Advisory Project oriented to training Vietnamese pilots and aircrew, being separate from MAAG. Also, Military Air Program. Also, Military Assistance Program. Also, Marine Assistance Program.
MAP OF THE EARTH :
misrepresentation of 'Nap of the Earth'; see NOE.
MAP PROJECTION :
a systematic construction of corresponding lines drawn on a plane surface that are representative of the meridians and parallels of the curved face of the earth (or some other celestial sphere); see AZIMUTH, RHUMB / RHUMB LINE, BEARING, HEADING, COMPASS, UTM, GPS, COMICS, MAP, CHART, ATLAS. [v: Mercator projection, transverse Mercator projection, gnomonic projection, rectilinear projection, conformal projection, polyconic projection, etc; cf: cartography, coordinate systems]
MAP REFERENCE :
a means of identifying any point on the surface of the earth by relating it to information appearing on a TOPO map, generally the overlaid graticule or GRID LINES, by using a standardized map reference code of GRID COORDINATES.
MAP SHEET :
an individual map or chart that's either complete in itself or is part of a series having the same scale and cartographic specifications, including explanatory marginal data and numeric sequencing system; also called a topographic (TOPO) map.
MARATHON :
a long-distance footrace, typically extending over a course measuring 26 miles (42km), in honor of the 490BC run made by Pheidippides, when the Athenians requested aid from Sparta before the battle at Marathon plain against the Persians; see EXERCISE, AIRBORNE SHUFFLE, TRUSCOTT TROT, OBSTACLE COURSE, BIATHLON, PENTATHLON, DECATHLON, TRIATHLON, FIELD HOUSE, WAR GAMES. [cf: ultra-marathon] Also, any endurance event or grueling ordeal, as anything arduous or exhausting; a formidable tribulation; compare GAUNTLET, HOLD ONE'S FEET TO THE FIRE, SNAKE PIT, CUTTHROAT. [nb: "With all our technology, we should never forget that soldiering is first and foremost an outdoor sport." by David Petraeus (2009)]
MARAUDER :
Douglas B-26 twin-engined medium bomber used as counter-invader during WWII against Germany and Japan; see BIRD.
MARBLE GARDEN :
see GARDEN OF STONES. [nb: "long home" is slang for gravesite; v: graveyard, boneyard, boot hill, God's acre, churchyard, catacomb, necropolis, cist, dolmen, chamber tomb, cenotaph, columbarium, sepulcher; cf: "whited sepulcher" (Matthew 23:27)]
MARBLE MOUNTAIN :
(forthcoming); Buddhist shrine, Radio Relay (RR) site near DaNang compare MONKEY MOUNTAIN, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN.
MARCENT :
(mar-cent) Marine Forces Central Command; see CENTCOM.
MARCH :
to walk with regular and measured tread, as soldiers on PARADE who advance in step as an organized body; as derived from 'to pace out a mark'; see CLOSE ORDER, QUICK TIME, DOUBLE TIME, FUNERAL PACE, PARADE, MARK TIME, PACE, HALF STEP, SIDE STEP, BACK STEP, JODY CALL, HEP, CADENCE, COUNTERMARCH, FORCE MARCH, ROAD MARCH, ROUTE STEP, STUTTER-STEP, WALK LIKE A PUSSY, DITTY-BOP, FROGMARCH, DUCK-WALK, DEATH MARCH. Also, the act or course of marching, by execution of this command. Also, the course or distance covered in a single period of marching. Also, to walk in a deliberate manner, as to 'march-past' or 'march toward'; see PARADE, PASS IN REVIEW. Also, to go forward; to advance, proceed, progress, or prepare. Also, to secretly gain an advantage over, as to slyly STEAL A MARCH on an opponent or goal. Also, a tract of land along the border of a country, as a frontier or border district; also known as "marches" or "marchland", as derived from 'mark'. [nb: mush, the command urging or spurring a dogsled team to travel, is a corruption of 'march' as spoken by French voyageurs]
MARCH FRACTURE :
a hairline crack in a bone, especially in the foot or leg, caused by repeated impact or prolonged tension, and usually occurring with runners, dancers, and soldiers; properly called a "stress fracture".
MARCHING FIRE :
an artillery (ARTY) barrage that "walks" forward from a line of advancing troops, or moves in an incremental line over enemy positions until concentrated or LIFTed; compare SCREEN, see SHOT IN, RUNNING FIRE. Also, small arms fire delivered from the hip or shoulder of troops advancing toward an enemy position; not precision shooting, but fire upon an area by moving riflemen and other elements; compare SNIPER'S TRIANGLE, RECON BY FIRE.
MARCHING ORDERS :
orders to begin a march or other troop movement. Also, an informal request to start moving or to proceed with some activity. Also, a euphemism for dismissal or discharge, often used to conceal reproach or disgrace; also called "walking papers". [nb: a "march order" is differentiated from an "order of march", which denotes a position in line, an ordered sequence by unit or element; cf: order of battle (OB)]
MARDET :
MARine DIVision, such as the 1st MarDiv or 3rd MarDiv.
MARETH LINE :
(forthcoming); a zone of heavy defensive fortifications erected in southern Tunisia, which was circumvented by a surprise attack. Compare STAR WARS, SMEZ, BERLIN WALL, IRON CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, McNAMARA'S WALL, McNAMARA LINE, MAGINOT LINE, SIEGFRIED LINE, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [v: Atlantic Wall] [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
MARGARITA :
a Vietnam-era cocktail made of tequila, lime or lemon juice, an orange-flavored liqueur, and served (like a SALTY DOG) in a salt-rimmed glass; eponymously derived from Margarita Sames. See BREW, HOOCH, GROG, JUICE, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, GUSTO.
MARINE :
a member of the separate corps of "naval infantry" within the U.S. Navy; elsewhere known as "naval assault commando"; see GYRENE, LEATHERNECK, SNUFFY, RAIDER, FORCE RECON, AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT, GUNNY, BULLDOG, MILITARY ORDER OF THE DEVIL DOGS, SEAGOING MARINE, HORSE MARINE, CHINA MARINE, JARHEAD, THE CROTCH, TELL IT TO THE MARINES, GUNG-HO, OORAH, YUT, MAMELUKE SWORD, USMC; compare KMC, VNMC. [nb: Vietnamese term: Thuy Quan Luc Chien] [nb: the word Marine has been converted into an acronym meaning: Muscles Are Required, Intelligence Not Essential; also referred to as "Uncle Sam's Misguided Children", "Unlimited Shit and Mass Confusion", or "seagoing bellhop"] [nb: the first standing body of marines or "fleet soldiers" in the Western world were posted by ancient Rome (Milites Classiarii)] [nb: the doctrine of amphibious assault by waterborne forces was developed by John Archer Lejeune (LTG USMC) after studying the Gallipoli Peninsula landing in WWI, and this specialization prevented the Marine Corps from being disbanded between the World Wars; Marines then taught amphibious doctrine during 1941-2 to soldiers of the Army's 1st and 3rd Infantry Divisions at both New River NC and Cape Henry VA in preparation for the North African landing] [nb: President Harry S. Truman planned to abolish the Marine Corps after WWII because "the Navy does not need its own army", but the Marines' conduct as a FIRE BRIGADE in the Pusan Perimeter during the KOREAN WAR persuaded him that they should be retained; however, the Supreme Allied Commander Douglas ("El Supremo") MacArthur refused to approve a Presidential Unit Citation for the Marines, saying that "they have enough medals", when every other engaged unit was so recognized]
MARINELAND :
slang for Anbar province in Iraq, which is primarily patrolled by U.S. Marines. Also, by extension of the THEME PARK concept (eg: "Camel Land" in the SANDBOX), anywhere that Marines predominate, from expeditionary or amphibious forces to beaches or waterfront bars.
MARINE RAIDER :
see V-44 MARINE RAIDER KNIFE.
MARINES :
an acronym used by ground troops in Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF) meaning "Many Americans Running Into Never Ending Shit"; compare MARINE, USMC.
MARINE SHOWER :
facetious reference to the practice of changing into clean clothes without bathing at all; see PT SHOWER, NAVY SHOWER, GI SHOWER, WHORE'S BATH, MONKEY BUTT.
THE MARINE WAY :
see THE ARMY WAY, FOR THE HELL OF IT, MIL-SPEC, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, PARTY LINE. [nb: "They know what they know, and what they don't know, they don't want to know." by Peter Bowen]
MARK :
a model in a series, usually accompanied by a number and abbreviated "Mk". Also, a sign or symbol, a standard or measure, a device or imprint, an object or target, an indelible trace, an enduring effect, or a distinctive characteristic. Also, a basic monetary unit of Germany (Deutsche Mark) and Finland (Markka), and a former monetary unit of England; as derived from a former European unit of weight for gold and silver that was generally equal to 8 ounces; see LEGAL TENDER.
MARKER ROUND :
the initial artillery (ARTY) round fired to mark the target for adjustment; also called SPOTTER or "spotter round". See REGISTRATION.
MARKET TIME :
Market Time
combined US/VN Navy Coastal Surveillance Force program using small fast patrol BOATs to prevent seaborne entry by the enemy into South Vietnam; see NAD, SWIFT BOAT, NASTY BOAT, PBR, DAGGER THRUST.
MARK I :
designation for the first in a series or set; also identified as "Mark 1", and abbreviated as MK I / MK1 / M-1; compare M1A1. Also, informal reference to the M-1917 or M-1918 KNUCKLE KNIFE (v: KNUCKLE-DUSTER); see TRENCH KNIFE, compare BAYONET. Also, any initial or prototypical product; an informal and unofficial designation of smaller or simpler commercial items (as opposed to the more elaborate or refined Mark II, Mark III, Mark IV, Mark V, Mark VI, or Mark VII versions); see BOOT KNIFE. [eg: Gerber Mark I, Command I, Tac I, and Guardian I knives]
MARK II :
Vietnam-era Gerber Mark II
Gulf War-era Gerber Mark II
a privately purchased dagger introduced (1966) during the VIETNAM WAR by Gerber Legendary Blades; it featured a leaf-shaped 6.65" double-edged blade of L6 tool steel with a fencing-style haft of highly textured (non-slip) "cat's tongue" aluminum molded onto a 1.75" stub tang, fitted with a crossguard of forward-curving quillions and a pommel with wrist-thong hole ... it was revised (2005) with S30V or 420HC stainless steel for the GULF WAR. Ostensibly patterned on the ancient Roman short sword ('mainz gladius') by Bud Holzman, a retired U.S. Army captain, this knife is essentially a variant of the classic COMMANDO DAGGER, which derives from the parrying stiletto and the artillerist's bodkin. First issued with a canted blade (to improve vital penetration during a deadly thrust), it underwent many other alterations, including "Armorhide" grip, wasp-waisted recurve, double serrations, stainless steel (440C or 154CM), and blade blackening. During the anti-war hysteria of the late-Vietnam era, the exchange concessions (PX / BX / NEX) refused to sell this "fighting" knife, so Al Mar, a Gerber designer at the time, added two inches of serrations to each side of the blade (1971) so this knife could be marketed as a "survival" knife. A batch of fifty Mark IIs were purchased (1968) by Project Sigma (B-56, 5th SFGAbn), which were etched and issued as presentation gifts to team members. Limited editions, anniversary editions, and presentation editions of the Mark II have been produced, including stag and exotic wood versions; furthermore, the Mark II has inspired similar designs, including Command II, Tac II, Guardian II knives. See KNIFE. [nb: Gerber 'steel grip' ("cat's tongue") handle treatment was created by spraying molten stainless steel droplets onto the surface of the aluminum handle, which momentarily melted the aluminum, embedding the fused particles into a solidified handle with a permanently rough sandpaper-like texture that's extremely secure and extraordinarily slip-resistant] [nb: Gerber's gray 'Armorhide' handle treatment is a textured coating of vinyl dispersion resins, being a plasticizer that resists abrasion and improves slip-resistance better than paint, which treatment was later changed to an electrostatic dry-powder baked-on black coating] [nb: according to Gerber, the original canted or bent blade design was supposed to offset the angle of the blade level when held in the traditional fencing grip, and to enable the knife to be carried closer to the body ... not to assist the thrust of an attack, whether from the front or rear ... but the initial intent became immaterial, since so many "defective" knives were returned to the factory that Gerber discontinued the canted design (except for replicas) during the second year of manufacture of the Mark II]
MARK 1 :
MARKSMAN :
marksman
designation for the lowest class of riflemen (ranked below SHARPSHOOTER and Expert); in conventional usage, 'marksman' and 'sharpshooter' are simply employed interchangeably to refer to someone who shoots well. See BULL'S-EYE, DEADEYE, KISS THE MISTRESS, KNOCK THEIR SPOTS OFF, MAGGIE'S DRAWERS, BOLO BADGE, TRASH, MIL-CRAFT.
MARKSMANSHIP :
the skill demonstrated by someone when shooting at an object or target; in conventional usage, 'marksman' and 'sharpshooter' are simply employed interchangeably to refer to someone who shoots well. See DEADEYE, BULL'S-EYE, KISS THE MISTRESS, KNOCK THEIR SPOTS OFF, BOLO BADGE, TRASH, MIL-CRAFT.
MARK TIME :
the command to march in place at the same tempo; by extension, any busy-work or make-work activity. See CADENCE, ROUTE STEP, HEP, BOONDOGGLE, HURRY-UP AND WAIT, NERVOUS IN THE SERVICE. Also, by reference to its primary meaning, to act busy and occupied with work while actually accomplishing little or nothing; hence a "mark-timer" is the same as a time-server or coffee-cooler, a SLACKER or GHOST, GOLDBRICK or FEATHER MERCHANT, TAP-DANCER or other MILICRAT.
MARK 2 :
MARine PATtern digital camouflage uniform for USMC; compare UTILITIES, see DIGITALS, CAMMIES, DRESS.
MARS :
Military Affiliate Radio System, or Military Auxiliary Radio System; being the unofficial radio transmissions sent by OFF-DUTY MIL-PERS, who are using military communications apparatus during low traffic intervals to call civilians in the United States, by linking to volunteer amateur radio (HAM) operators to complete a toll-free connection with a local telephone call patched into the radio. Technology has overcome the drawbacks (eg: inconvenience, unavailability, lack of privacy) of this modality with worldwide e-mail of text, voice, and image for all servicemembers at no personal cost. Also, identifies the "Mars Task Force", or 5332nd Brigade, formed from the 475th Inf Rgt and 124th Cav Rgt, together with the lineage of the 5307th Composite Unit, to operate along the LEDO ROAD from October 1944 until being disbanded in July 1945; see MERRILL'S MARAUDERS, RANGER.
MARSDEN MATTING :
roll of steel mesh or metal net used for aircraft landing strip and vehicular road base constructions during WWII; also provided access for military tactical mobility in sand, mud, and other rough terrain. Compare PSP, MOBI-MAT, MACADAM. [v: blacktop, tarmac or tarmacadam; cf: laterite road]
MARSH :
see GUMBO, QUICKSAND, QUAGMIRE.
MARSHAL :
an administrative officer of a U.S. judicial district with duties similar to those of a sheriff. Also, a high ranking officer of a royal court or of a military organization (eg: field marshal), especially in foreign countries. Also, to arrange or array in proper order; to gather together for dispatch or use, as before or after an operation or battle; also called "marshal area" or RALLY POINT. Also, to usher ceremoniously, or to escort ceremonially.
MARSHALING BATON :
the safety wand, used in pairs by a GROUND GUIDE, to direct vehicles and aircraft in parking areas; brightly colored and luminous, these wands are waved in conventional HAND SIGN patterns by the "follow me" functionary when directing the safe movement of vehicles or aircraft in congested spaces. [v: usher, marshaler]
MARSHALL PLAN :
the beginning of America's foreign aid program in 1948 that was not aimed at any ideology or nation, but "against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos", and was advanced as a method of "waging peace" ... this program, which was formally designated the 'European Recovery Program', earning George C. Marshall the Nobel Prize, was the basis for Lyndon B. Johnson's offer to give North Vietnam foreign aid in an amount equivalent to America's military expenditure if the DRV/NVN would cease and desist its aggression against RVN/SVN. See PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE, LODGE-PHILBIN ACT, CLIENT STATE, NATION BUILDING. [nb: foreign aid was called "dollar diplomacy" during the William Howard Taft administration to characterize the policies of Secretary of State Philander C. Knox] [nb: "We have tried since the birth of our nation to promote our love of peace by a display of weakness. This course has failed us utterly." by George Catlett Marshall (1945)]
MARTIAL ART :
a form, either traditional or scientific, of close combat or self-defense that utilizes disciplined coordination and physical skill, with or without weapons, and may be practiced as a physical fitness regimen or as a rated sport (eg: t'ai chi chuan); although unarmed fighting techniques, recognized by degrees of proficiency with colored belts (dan), are the most common modes, practices with specific armaments are also recognized. MARTIAL ARTs (budo) include capoeira, shintaido, t'ai chi chuan, choi kwang do, stav, hwa rang do, hapkido, taido, wrestling, sumo, judo / jujitsu, aikido, shorinji kempo, jeet kune do, karate (shotokan, shito ryu, goju ryu, wado ryu), kalaripayattu, soo bahk do, tae kwon do, tang soo do, kung fu (hung-gar, wu shu, wing chun), vovinam viet vo dao, boxing / pugilism, kickboxing, muay thai (Thai boxing), savate (boxe Francais), krav maga, kuk sool won, bando thaing, kali silat, daito ryu aiki bujutsu, kajukenbo, mowie di do, gatka, chanbara / goshindo, iaido, haidong gumdo, kumdo, kendo, fencing, kyudo, archery, naginata, ninjutsu, kobudo, truncheon or stick-fighting. See JAP SLAPPER, MMA, ONE-TWO, KNUCKLE SANDWICH, BOK-BOK, TWO-FISTED, BEAT HIM TO THE PUNCH, COUNTERPUNCH, BATS 'n' HATS, RUBBER DUCK, WASTER, WOODEN SWORD, ON GUARD, EQUALIZER, WEAPON / WPN, AT CLOSE QUARTERS, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE, PULL ONE'S PUNCHES. [v: Japanese gijutsu (technique, art); Japanese bushido (the way of the military gentleman)]
MARTIAL LAW :
(forthcoming); see CURFEW, CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER, DOUBTFULS, DETAINEE, RENDITION, BATS 'n' HATS, WE DON'T NEED NO STINKIN' BADGES, DRUMHEAD, SOFA, ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, UCMJ, MCM, JUDGE LYNCH, PROVOST COURT, PROVOST GUARD, PROVOST MARSHAL, SNOW DROP, MP, SP, AP, CONSTABULARY, POLICE. [nb: the Supreme Court established (Ex parte Milligan 1866) that civilians could not be legally tried by military tribunals in areas where regular courts continued to function during wartime; nonetheless, if a state of war exists (declared or not), the writ of habeas corpus may be suspended (with suspects imprisoned without trial for the duration) under martial law]
MARTINET :
a strict disciplinarian, a severe taskmaster, or an exacting drillmaster; eponymously after General Jean Martinet, the French inventor of a system of DRILL. Also, someone who stubbornly adheres to rules or methods, regardless of the circumstances; see LITTLE PRICK, SHAKE 'n' BAKE, RAMROD, HARD-SET, BRASS EAR, HARD-NOSE, HARD-ASS, HELL ON WHEELS, BALL BUSTER, BRASS-COLLAR, HEADQUARTERISM; compare HARD-ASS. [nb: known as "pannikin boss" by AUSSIE and KIWI troops]
MARTYR :
someone who willingly dies for his belief or convictions, such as a TRUE BELIEVER; see CAM TU, TERRORIST, BAD GUYS, MASSACRE, ATROCITY. Also, someone who undergoes torment or suffering, scourging or torture because of his belief; someone who is put to death on behalf of his commitment to a particular cause; compare BELIEVER.
MARTYR'S VEST :
the explosive undergarment, often packed with anti-personnel SHRAPNEL, which is worn by a suicide BOMBER or fanatical TERRORIST when wreaking havoc upon the "enemy" ... generally unarmed civilians. See CAM TU, MASSACRE, ATROCITY.
MARVIN THE ARVN :
dismissive reference by rhyming to any soldier serving in the Army of the Republic of VietNam; as HERMAN THE GERMAN was used during World War Two. Compare CHARLIE, GOMER, IVAN, BAD GUYS.
MASCOT :
an animal or object that's been adopted by a group as its representative symbol, which is intended to engender influence or advantage; as derived from talisman or charm; see BULLDOG, MULE, GOAT, THE BIRD, BLACK DEVIL, "Tony the Tiger" at LLDB and VNSF, "Screaming Eagles" at PUKING BUZZARDS and SCREAMING CHICKENS, MEAT MARKER, JOSS STICK, ANTHROPOMORPHISM. [nb: the mascot of a bulldog, called "Rocky the Marne Dog", was contributed (1942) by Walt Disney after serving in the 3rd Inf Div] [v: Moe the Kangaroo at Virginia Military Institute, General and Boo V bulldogs at The Citadel, Cadets at Norwich]
MASH :
Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, supporting military actions at brigade and higher levels; has been superseded by the Forward Surgical Team (FST). See SICK CALL, AID STATION, EVAC, CSH, FLD HOSP, MEDEVAC, AGONY WAGON, CHOP SHOP.
MASHER :
American operation in Bihn Dinh province during 1966
MASK :
a screen, as of earth or brush, used for concealing or obscuring an observation post (OP), a weapons' mount (EMPLACEMENT or BARBETTE), or any military operation; see CONCEALMENT, SCREEN, ANTI-THERMAL CLOAK, HIDE, CAMO.
MASKING :
the employment of additional transmitters in electronic warfare (EW) so as to obscure or conceal the location or purpose of a particular source of electromagnetic radiation; see ELINT, COUNTERMEASURES.
MASK OF COMMAND :
see FLINT FACE, QUARTERDECK FACE, DEADPAN, HALF-MAST, WAR FACE, FACE, BEARD THE LION, COMMAND PRESENCE.
MASOCHIST :
someone who endures the infliction of cruelty, anguish or degradation, in order to obtain emotional satisfaction or physical gratification; this trait is considered to be a psychosexual aberration that's an essential component (to one degree or another) of every soldier, who are often proud of this capacity. See PAIN, SUFFERING, THEATER OF CRUELTY; compare SADIST.
MASQ :
Military Airlift Squadron; see MATS, MAC, ATC, ATS, AMC, SPACE A.
MASSACRE :
commonly misused to mean "a general slaughter of opponents" or "to inflict a great defeat", it has a specific and limited application in the deliberate killing of unarmed and unresisting persons. As with the term "decimate" [to reduce by one-tenth, from the ancient Roman (and Chinese) practice of punishing every tenth man], the accuracy of a term's usage distinguishes its political value from its military correctness. The usual reference during the VIETNAM WAR is the 1968 "My Lai MASSACRE", with its political connotations; but historical revisionists are ignoring PAVN atrocities, such as at Dak Son (1967), at Hue (1968), and at Cai Lay District School (1974). See BODY COUNT, KILL 'EM ALL, OVERKILL, KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT, HEADHUNTING, TURKEY SHOOT, HOLOCAUST, APOCALYPSE, GENOCIDE, ATROCITY, WAR CRIMES TRIAL. [cf: blood feud; v: bloodbath, carnage, slaughter, hecatomb, mass murder, vernichtungsgedanken, pogrom/pogróm (destructive thunder)] [nb: "Attack them everywhere and shake the ground beneath them." by Abu Muhammad al-Adnani; "Most of the world's ills would be cured with one three-day open season on people." by Ernest M. Hemingway] [v: Myths of the Vietnam War ] [eg: Albi, Atlanta, Baharestan Square, Beziers, Carthage, Chatham Islands, Columbia, Covington, Dresden, Glencoe, Guernica, Hiroshima, Katyn, Lidice, Meroë, Nagasaki, Nanking/Nanjing, Shanghai, Sybaris, Tiananmen Square, Veii] [re: decimate is a culture-specific term that cannot be modified to properly reflect its modern sense of "only one-tenth remains" or of "nine-tenths destroyed"; v: decuple, cf: duple, triple, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple, sevenfold, octuple, ninefold]
MASS CASUALTIES :
any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time by armed attack, vast accident, or natural disaster, which overwhelms the available medical & logistic support capabilities; see TRIAGE, LUGGAGE TAG, WALKING GHOST, ZERO WARD, ZERO-ZERO WARD.
MAST :
a structure rising above the HULL of a ship for holding spars, rigging, and associated equipment. Also, any upright pole, post, or support, as for a radio aerial. Also, the support for a crane or derrick, BOOM or YARDARM; see DAVIT, BLOCK, TACKLE. Also, short for CAPTAIN'S MAST; see ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, OFFICE HOURS, BLUE BOOK.
MAST CRANK :
the ostensible tool for lowering the mast of a ship so as to clear an overpass when entering port, or to dip the flag as a sign of mutual respect when passing another vessel; a nonexistent object that a novice or tyro is required to obtain in the same manner as any other SNIPE HUNT objective; compare MERMAID, DRAGON.
MASTER-AT-ARMS :
a Naval petty officer (PO) responsible for maintaining discipline and determining accountability in each department on-board ship; the MAA serves as a parttime deputy to the Chief Master-At-Arms (CMAA). See SHERIFF, SP, POLICE, CAPTAIN'S MAST, ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, BRIG.
MASTER BLASTER :
nickname for a Master Parachutist or JUMPMASTER; compare BLAST, CHERRY BLAST; see ABN, AIRBORNE, PARACHUTE, PARATROOPER, CENTURY WINGS, WINGS.
MASTER SERGEANT / MSG :
being the non-commissioned officer (NCO) grade (E-8) between Sergeant First Class (E-7) and Sergeant Major or Command Sergeant Major (E-9), and represented by three chevrons above three ROCKERs as sleeve rank insignia; this rank is rated equal to First Sergeant (1SG / FSG). See SARGE, BUCK, RIGHT ARM, FIRST SHIRT, TOP, NCO, SUPER GRADE, RATING, GRADE, RANK.
MASTER-SLAVE MANIPULATOR :
any of various devices that are guided by the hand of the operator so as to imitate the motions and tactile sensitivity of the human hand, to a greater or lesser extent, as used in situations in which direct handling of the objects or materials involved would be dangerous or impossible. See BLUE SUIT. [cf: remote mechanical agents or servo-manipulation systems for use in sterile, hazardous, or contaminated environments began during WWII with the handling of radioactive materials; initially in the form of insulated gripper arms named "Waldo" (being a cognate of 'rule' or 'command', after the 1942 novel by Robert A. Heinlein), later known as the "Waldo F. Jones Synchronous Reduplicating Pantograph", and now as a telefactoring device, useful in bomb disposal and extraterrestrial maintenance]
MAT :
Mobile Advisory Team. Usually a six-member team of two U.S. Army officers, three enlisted men, and an interpreter responsible for training territorial forces (RF/PF). See MTT, ADV.
MATA :
Military Assistance and Training Advisory course, being a 6-week program of orientation and instruction, including 120-hours of Vietnamese language, taught in the Special Warfare Center and School (SWC&S) at Fort Bragg beginning in 1962; see MATS, ADV, CAP, COUNTERPART, SHEEP-DIPPED, CO VAN MY, INDIG, LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, UGLY AMERICAN.
MATERIEL / MATÉRIEL :
aggregate of military equipment and supplies used by any organizational unit. Compare Personnel.
MATING MOSQUITOES :
CPL
slang for the sleeve RANK insignia of a Corporal (CPL/E-4), the lowest GRADE non-commissioned officer (NCO), showing two chevrons ... that is, one MOSQUITO WING coupled to another! See SWINE LOG, EM, RATING, GRADE, RANK.
MATS :
Military Air Transport Service, redesignated Military Airlift Command (MAC) on 1 Jan 1966, which is Uncle Sugar's no-frills airline for "Space Available" travel by dependents and retirees; often interpreted as "Maybe Airplane Take-off Soon". See MAC, ATC, ATS, AMC, MASQ, SPACE A, DEADHEAD. Also, abbreviation for Military Advisor Training School, being a 2-week course at Di-Anh after 1968 that oriented and instructed ADVISORs dispatched to ARVN units; see MATA, ADV, COUNTERPART, CAP, SHEEP-DIPPED, CO VAN MY, INDIG, LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, UGLY AMERICAN.
M-ATV :
Mine-resistant ambush-protected All Terrain Vehicle, being a smaller lighter-weight TRUCK used for off-road patrolling, as manufactured from 30 June 2009 by Oshkosh Defense; this model is categorized as a Mine-Resistant Utility Vehicle (MRUV). Compare ATV, LSV, FAV, MULE.
MAU :
Marine Amphibious Unit.
MAUNDY / MAUNDY MONEY :
money distributed as ALMS, especially as part of the ceremonial observance of Maundy Thursday during Holy Week; as derived from Jesus' mandate to His disciples after washing their feet and sharing the Last Supper with them. Compare ALMS, BEGGING BOWL, SCROUNGE, CUMSHAW.
MAVERICK :
an OFFICER promoted from the ranks, as by OCS or direct commission; see MUSTANG, UP THE HAWSEPIPE, BLUE BLOOD, COCKTAIL, OFFICER'S COUNTRY. Also, any independent-minded or non-conformist person, such as an OFFICER with enlisted experience, who cares more about the welfare of his troops than about being a "good organization man" [cf: ROGUE, imp, scamp, rascal, scalawag, scapegrace, miscreant, rake, roué, knave, scoundrel, villain, whoreson]. Also, designation for the AGM-65 Air-to-Ground MISSILE. Also, designation for the AGM-86D Air-to-Ground television-guided MISSILE. Also, a misappropriated or misused government vehicle, as one "branded" for personal use; compare POV. [nb: the eponymous maverick is comparable to "cleanskin" in Australia, where any standard or generic product could be marked or branded for sale or distribution by another, as a house label or customized gift; both terms originally referred to unmarked or untagged cattle]
MAW :
Marine Air/Aircraft Wing. Also, abbreviation for Mission Adaptive Wing, being aircraft wings that can change the shape of their upper, leading, and trailing edge surfaces so as to improve flight performance without the use of hanging devices, such as FLAPs.
MAWTS :
Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron.
MAYAQUEZ OPERATION :
(forthcoming); 15 May 1975 off Cambodia.
MAYDAY :
an international RADIO/TELEPHONE distress call used by ships and aircraft that involves the imminent loss of life or property; origin "m'aider" (Venez) "Come help me!". Compare SECURITE, PAN; see SOS, CSEL, GUARD, BLIND TRANSMISSION, RTP, PROWORD.
MBT :
heavily armored Main Battle Tank, such as SHERMAN, PERSHING, PATTON, ABRAMS; also called "heavy" or "heavy metal"; see TANK, TRACK. [nb: WWII Sherman was 9ft wide weighing 38tons, while GULF WAR Abrams is 11ft wide weighing 70tons; fuel rate: 0.5mpg; the logistics tail "rule of thumb" for armored vehicles is: for each ton of vehicle weight, move 4 tons of supplies (fuel, parts, ammo, etc)]
MC :
(em-see) abbreviation for Mission Commander, principally used by USAF, for the specific and limited designation of a unit or operational leader with the most experience or best proficiency, regardless of RANK. This is a common practice in training scenarios, but special operations forces (SOF) also use it in combat, when the technically qualified ranking officer is untested, becoming a STRAP-HANGER observer until "approved" by his subordinates to his superiors. See COMMANDER, CO, COMMAND ELEMENT, CHAIN-OF-COMMAND, LDR, OLD MAN, SKIPPER, TOP DOG, MOTHER HEN, HONCHO, 10, WALLAH, DCO, XO, OVERSIGHT. Also, abbreviation for Medical Corps; see BONE CUTTER, SAWBONES, BABY DOC, DOC, ANGEL, FUZZY-WUZZY ANGEL, RAMP TRAMP, ORDERLY, PECKER-CHECKER, MEDIC, CORPSMEN, BAC SI, Y SI, BAND-AID, CHOP SHOP, HOSP, LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE. [nb: Vietnamese term: Nguoi Giai Phau] [nb: a separate medical department was established in the U.S. Army in 1818, and in the U.S. Navy (BuMed) in 1842; the Army established a corps for nurses (ANC) in 1901, and the Navy accepted nurses in 1908; the medical branch also includes dentists, veterinarians, pharmacists, and other specialists]
MCAS :
Marine Corps Air Station; compare MAD, NAS.
MCATF :
Mechanized Combined Arms Task Force.
MCB :
Marine Corps Base.
McCARTHYISM :
the practice of making unsupported accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-communist activity, based on slight or irrelevant evidence; also referred to as the "Second Red Scare"; named after the Congressional hearings (HUAC) conducted by J.R. "Tailgunner Joe" McCarthy. Also, the practice of making accusations or allegations in order to restrict criticism or suppress dissent.
MCCDC :
Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico, Virginia.
MCCM :
the Modular Crowd Control Munition (M-5) is a "less than lethal" anti-personnel device that's used to incapacitate a large group of persons with a FLASHBANG and the impact of rubber ball projectiles. The MCCM can be selectively, serially, or cluster discharged by electrically ignited TRIGGERs, and deployed by mounted or dismounted troops. This directional munition has an effective range of 5-30 meters in a 60-degree semicircular arc of coverage. Used at American embassies since 2006, its similar resemblance to the CLAYMORE (M-18A1) mine serves as a deterrence to riot and other mob lawlessness.
MCCWTC :
Marine Corps Cold Weather Training Center; see MWTC.
McGUIRE RIG :
devised by SGM Charles T. McGuire, an SF sergeant serving with Project Delta (see GREEKS); this is an extraction method for when helicopters cannot land, which utilizes the same equipment for a RAPPEL insertion. Originally the RIG "string" was conceived as a stirrup LINE or sling EYE; it was later refined by MSG Norman Donny as a quick connect for the integral Swiss seats to be converted into body loops over existing field gear. Lifted and moved like sling-loaded cargo, the team had to secure the ropes during landing to prevent fowling of the helicopter rotors. Adaptations to the basic technique occurred, such as safety wrist straps and linking arms to prevent spinning. The major defect of the McGUIRE RIG was for wounded or unconscious team members, who were liable to fall out of their hookup. The STABO (QV) full-body harness, invented at the MACV RECONDO School, remedied this problem. [nb: called "suspended rope extraction" by Australian and New Zealand SAS]
MCI :
Mission Capability Inspection.
MCM :
Manual for Courts Martial, which stipulates the standard procedures, unified among the services in 1951, for the proper conduct of a trial; see EXECUTIVE SESSION, UCMJ.
McNAMARA LINE :
a theoretical line, extending from the DMZ through Laos to Thailand, involving high-tech surveillance equipment and space-age munitions, as a barrier to North Vietnamese infiltration of South Vietnam. Considered for implementation as late as Operation Lam Son 719; an eponymous phrase after Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara. See HO CHI MINH TRAIL; compare McNAMARA'S WALL, STAR WARS, MAGINOT LINE, SIEGFRIED LINE, MARETH LINE, SMEZ, IRON CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
McNAMARA'S HUNDRED THOUSAND :
a draft quota to be achieved by lowering the minimum score of the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), as established by DoD to meet force requirements of the VIETNAM WAR, Korea, Germany, Panama, and elsewhere. See DRAFT, DRAFT LOTTERY, DRAFTEE, MUSTER, AFEES, CALL TO THE COLORS. [eg: 1994 "Forrest Gump" movie]
McNAMARA'S WALL :
a scheme to construct a 25-mile barrier along the northern border of South Vietnam (SVN) to block North Vietnamese Army (NVA) infiltration across the DMZ; officially designated "Operation Die Marker", and eponymously named after Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara, but also known as "McNamara's Folly". Perhaps inspired by the 660 yards wide by 8.2 mile long "fire break" erected by Marines from Con Thien through Gio Linh, but "McNamara's Wall" was a more ambitious project, consisting of land mines and barbed wire, as well as acoustic sensors and infrared intrusion detectors. The project began in April 1967, but was preempted by the relief efforts for the siege of Khe Sanh in 1968, remaining incomplete. Compare STAR WARS, MAGINOT LINE, SIEGFRIED LINE, MARETH LINE, SMEZ, IRON CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, McNAMARA LINE, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
McNAMera :
a coinage eponymously attributing wartime policies to Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara ... the McNamara era of the VIETNAM WAR ... which he later repudiated.
MCW/LRP :
Meal Cold Weather / Long Range Patrol [ration], being the nutritious successor (2004) to LRRP-RATIONS and Ration Cold Weather (RCW); the dehydrated contents of this long shelf-life food packet, packaged in white camouflage, will not freeze. This lightweight and compact meal, designed for cold weather feeding, may be issued at the rate of three per day per person (1540kcal/meal, 4620kcal/day) for a complete winter diet. The menues include chicken w/rice, beef stroganoff w/noodles, beef terriyaki w/rice, Western omelet, lasagna w/meat sauce, beef stew, spaghetti w/meat sauce, seafood chowder, scrambled eggs w/bacon, pork w/rice, chili macaroni w/beef, turkey tetrazzini; and these main courses are supplemented by Ramen noodle soup, peanut butter, cheese spread, crackers, toaster pastry, granola bar, fruit bar, chocolate sports bar, fudge brownie, banana walnut dessert bar, peanut brittle bar, nut raisin mix, roasted nuts, shortbread cookies, chocolate covered cookie, chocolate disks, chocolate toffee roll, cocoa beverage powder, lemon-lime beverage base, orange beverage base, and extra drink mixes for countering dehydration ... Corn Nuts, Walnettos, and a freeze-dried ice cream sandwich are the latest commercial items that have been added, while chocolate-covered coffee beans, energy fruit chews, and caffeinated chewing gum are being evaluated for inclusion. Although the sodium and protein content of the MCW/LRP is controlled to decrease the consumer's need for water, each meal requires an average of 34oz of potable water for its rehydration [nb: the Army Food Lab claims that the liquid required to hydrate these meals is not "extra", but is the normal allotment essential to prevent dehydration and hypothermia; water requirements don't change with dried foods: "There's a misconception that you need extra water for dehydrated rations. You need a given amount of water per day depending on activity and temperature. Whether some of that comes in the food or is consumed separately, the water requirement is the same."]. Weighing less than Meals Ready-to-Eat (MRE) but providing more sustenance, the MCW/LRP ration is best suited for MIL-PERS who are not easily resupplied. Most soldiers say that this ration makes them feel full, and some complain that it's too much food. See RATIONS.
M-DAY :
Mobilization-Day; the term used to designate the unnamed day on which full mobilization commences or is due to commence. The M-DAY materiel inventory objective is the quantity of things needed on or before operational commencement by active or reserve forces with delivery through the prescribed operational period. See TIME.
MEACONING :
a system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the same frequency, causing inaccurate bearings to be obtained, so as to confuse navigation by air and ground stations; see BEAM, VECTOR. Also, a system of receiving broadcast signals and rebroadcasting them back, creating DECOY or DECEPTIVE readouts, such as GHOST or SHADOW images, confusing electronic guidance systems with a multiplicity of false (and a single true choice) options; see MIJI, RED HERRING. Also, a system of spoofing a microwave base station so as to decoy cellular telephone traffic and deceive the transmitter with the intent of capturing or altering data; see MIJI, NETRUSION.
MEA CULPA :
a classic Latin phrase that literally means "through my fault" or "(it's) my responsibility", but this expression has been widely misused to beg forgiveness or seek pardon; it is not the equivalent of 'excuse me', nor does it request allowance, amnesty, apology, or condonation, neither to forbear, forgo, condone, overlook, or absolve. See NO EXCUSE, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESPONSIBILITY, ZERO TOLERANCE, save face at FACE; compare XIN LOI, SORRY ABOUT THAT, sumimasen at ITTY-WA DESKA.
MEALY-MOUTHED / MEALYMOUTHED :
avoiding the use of direct and plain language, as from timidity, excessive delicacy, or hypocrisy; inclined to mince words, to dissemble or dissimulate; insincere, devious, or compromising. See NO EVIL, RESPECT, JUDGMENT CALL, BEARING, TACT.
MEANDER :
to proceed by taking a winding course or indirect route, a circuitous path or roundabout journey; to progress by twists and turns. Also, to wander aimlessly; ramble or amble. Compare SQUARE CORNERS, EYE-BALL; see ACCORDION, CATERPILLAR, CROCODILE, JITTERBUG, SCUTTLE, BUTTERFLY, CLOVERLEAF, LEAP FROG, HOPSCOTCH, CORKSCREW, ZIGZAG, SNAKE, SLACKER, TAP-DANCER, ROMPER, STRAGGLER. [v: meandrous, meander line]
MEANS :
the resources or expenditures needed to accomplish something, as "by any means" or "at all costs"; a method or manner, process or procedure, way or practice, which is typically represented as THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, except that the means are the ends!
MEASURE SWORDS :
to test one's strength or ability, courage or fortitude against that of someone else; a comparison preliminary to a competition, a check before contending in a contest. This phrase derives from the close examination of weapons made by the seconds to ensure that they both match in every detail before commencing a DUEL. [nb: a 'stickler' was the second in single combat, and so was very punctilious about the minutest points of etiquette, then later becoming an umpire or referee in competitive tournaments, and finally being any person who persistently demands absolute adherence or unyielding conformity] [nb: "So we measured swords and parted." by William Shakespeare in As You Like It (1599)] [cf: to take someone's measure; v: to Measure up]
MEATBALL :
Japan
in Naval aviation, informal designation for the glowing signals that provide glideslope reference while an airplane is on landing approach to an aircraft carrier (FLATTOP); the term for the red ball of light seen in the old mirror landing system which predated the current Fresnel lens guidance system. Also, an Imperial Japanese, or an Imperial Japanese engine of war so emblazoned, with specific reference to the "Rising Sun" motif, and by extension of the informal slur (ie: stupid, ineffectual, etc); also called "burning asshole", "fiery asshole", "flaming asshole", "shining asshole", "radiant-" or "radiating asshole" (with the latter pertaining to the wartime flag). See NIP, JAPE, BAD GUYS.
MEAT EATER / MEAT-EATER / MEATEATER :
antonomastic descriptor for a fearsome brute or ferocious savage, especially a marauder or raider; being a consumer of flesh (typically raw and bloody) with other base or gross appetites; an indelicate carnivore, and not a refined or cultivated vegetarian. See KNUCKLE-DRAGGER, BRUTE, HUMAN ZOO, SHAVED MONKEY, SILENT MAJORITY, BUBBA EFFECT, BANJO COUNTRY, REACTIONARY, CONSERVATIVE, ANTI-FEDERALIST, WHITE TRASH, THIRD ESTATE.
MEAT GRINDER :
see LEATHERNECK SQUARE, HAMBURGER HILL.
MEAT MARKER :
an indelible mark or sign, specific to a particular unit and often personalized, that's tattooed onto a MIL-PERS body in a unique location, for the purpose of identifying the individual's corpse after dismemberment on the battlefield; also called a "torso tattoo", "devil's mark" or "witch's mark". Specimen MEAT MARKERs have included unit logos or mascots, with a unit number or personal name, however these special markings are not ornamental TATTOOs. Even though some MEAT MARKERs are placed in obscure locations, not ordinarily visible, the standard restrictions regarding inappropriate legends or depictions remain in effect. The MEAT MARKER probably originated (out of gallows humor) by imitation of the purple dye stamp applied by USDA inspectors when grading the quality of butchered meat sold in the COMMISSARY. See CONTINUATION TATTOO, SAT CONG, EARRING, DOG TAGS, ID CARD, BRACELET, COINING, CLEAN, STERILE. [nb: Tom Custer, twice awarded the Medal of Honor, was so badly mutilated at the Battle of the Little Bighorn (26 June 1876) that his body could only be identified by a distinctive tattoo] [nb: members of the Nazi Schutzstaffel (SS) were purportedly marked with a personalized fraternal tattoo near their armpit, which served as both identification and authentication]
MEAT WAGON :
slang for any motorized wheeled ambulance (CRACKER BOX) or motorized TRACKed ambulance (BAND-AID) that's used on roadways and in the field; see MEDEVAC, DUSTOFF, AIR AMBULANCE, LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE. [cf: ambulette]
MEB :
Marine Expeditionary Brigade, being the designation for the first USMC force sent to RVN in March 1965, with the mission of protecting the AIRFIELDS; as more assets arrived IN-COUNTRY, became Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF).
MECH :
MECHanized infantry (designated blue), as derived from mounted rifles (designated green) or dragoons (designated orange), who rode to battle but fought on foot; see CHECKERBOARD, HERRINGBONE, LAAGER; compare CAV, ACR, AIR CAV, AIR ASSAULT, AIRMOBILE, HELIBORNE, YELLOWLEG, DRAGOON, PONY SOLDIER, DOG SOLDIER, LONG KNIFE, BLUELEG, INF, DOZER INFANTRY. [nb: Vietnamese term: Bo Binh Co Van (motorized infantry)] Also, short for MECHanic (who was originally identified as "mechanician"), who was also called 'artificer', but was often nicknamed GREASE MONKEY; see RAMROD, SNIPE, BLACK GANG. [nb: Vietnamese term: Co Khi, Tho May]
THE MED :
NavSpeak slang for the general area of the Mediterranean Sea, being the inland sea surrounded by Africa, Europe, and the Near East of Asia; See THE GULF, FIVE SEAS, POND, FLOAT, THE MOG, ABSURDISTAN, THE STANS, SANDBOX; compare THE ROOT, THE NAM.
MEDAL :
a piece of metal, cast or struck, variously shaped (eg: disk, cross, star, etc) and mounted (eg: rosette, pendant, etc), bearing an inscription or decoration in relief, which is designed for specific issue as a token of commemoration or as a reward for bravery, merit, service, or other civil or military distinction; see GONG, IMPACT AWARD, FRUIT SALAD, DEVICE, V-DEVICE, OLC, BATTLE STAR, CORD, UNIT CITATION, CAMPAIGN MEDAL, TRASH, BOLO BADGE, Q-TAB, SCRAP METAL COLLECTOR, REVOCATION. [nb: an insignia emblematic of the honors and lineage of a military organization, unlike familial "coats of arms", may be individually enhanced but not personally heritable; v: Heraldry ] [nb: Any person convicted of misconduct or a criminal charge by a U.S. military tribunal, or who receives a less than honorable discharge based upon actions while serving on active duty, or whose acts do not accord with the Code of Conduct, and whose actions are documented by U.S. military records is ineligible for the award of medals. Any found or recovered medals (or any other U.S. military items) remain the property of the U.S. government, and should be returned with a letter of explanation to: The Secretary of Defense; The Pentagon (Room 3E880); Washington, DC 20301]
MEDAL OF FREEDOM :
the highest civilian award in recognition of an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors; also known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom". Established by President Harry Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II, but in 1963, after falling into disuse, President John F. Kennedy revived and expanded the medal's purpose. The MEDAL OF FREEDOM is awarded annually, and at other times as directed, to recognize recipients selected by the president, either on his own initiative or based on the recommendations of the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board. In common with the highest grades of the LEGION OF MERIT, the MEDAL OF FREEDOM may be presented to non-citizens for their outstanding contributions to America. The medal can be awarded to an individual more than once, and may be awarded posthumously. The badge of the MEDAL OF FREEDOM is taken from the crest of the United States Coat of Arms, having the form of a golden star with white enamel, with a red enamel pentagon behind it; the central disc bears thirteen white enamel stars on a blue enamel background within a golden ring; golden American eagles with spread wings stand between the arms of the star; with the whole suspended on a blue neck ribbon with white edge stripes. A special grade of the medal, known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction", has the abovementioned medal worn as a star on the left chest; or is worn as a sash on the right shoulder, with its rosette (blue with white edge, bearing the central disc of the badge at its centre) resting on the left hip. Another special grade of the medal, known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom with Military Distinction, has the abovementioned medal worn from a ribbon differenced by a series of white stars. See PRESIDENTIAL CITIZENS MEDAL, DSM, LOM, MSM, GREEN WEENIE, AAM, GONG.
MEDAL OF HONOR / MOH :
1862 Medal of Honor
1896 Medal of Honor
the nation's highest award for valor; it was created by an Act of Congress and signed into law in December 1861 (first presented 25 March 1863) during the American CIVIL WAR as a pendant medal, and was the only award for gallantry until WWI. An act of Congress designated 25 March as "National Medal of Honor Day" in remembrance of the courage and sacrifice of the recipients. The MOH is widely misrepresented as the "Congressional Medal of Honor" (CMH, or "Coffin with Metal Handles"), but it is awarded by the President in the name of Congress (hence Douglas MacArthur's second award without review); it's sometimes called "Blue Max". Each branch of service has its own unique version. All awards are presented to recipients to recognize their accomplishment; no medal can "make" a HERO, and no medal is "won" by a 'contestant'. See BREVET, PURPLE HEART (PH) medal, GONG.
MEDALLION :
the proper designation for a metallic token resembling a 'coin' but intended to be used in non-monetary applications or non-commercial exchanges; anything resembling a medal (GONG) in form or function, especially an ornamental object or device, such as a token that's been surface shaped by striking metal between two dies. See CHALLENGE COIN, COINING, HARD TIMES TOKEN, CHIT. [cf: Australian brass razoo, British handsel; v: obverse/reverse, cross/pile, ornament, bijou, bauble, gewgaw, gimcrack, trinket, bagatelle, knickknack, bric-a-brac, trifle, notion] [nb: it's illegal to deface, disfigure, or deform U.S. currency; furthermore, the size and weight of commemorative medallions or commercial tokens (slugs) must be other than that of U.S. coinage]
MED BAG :
either the M-3, M-5, or M-17 medical supply bag, or the USN "Unit 1" ("Unit One") field medical kit bag, that's packed from a recommendation list by the Army medic or Navy corpsman carrying and using it, who could alter or augment as required, and was slung by strap or lashing; also called the "med kit bag" or "field med kit bag". Compare FIELD SURGICAL KIT, FIRST AID KIT, IFAK; see MUSETTE, CLS, COMPRESS, ASA, APC, SYRETTE, BLOOD EXPANDER, ABO, DOG BITE, SPILL THE GROCERIES, STRETCHER, AGONY WAGON, BAND-AID, MEDEVAC, MEDIC, DOC. [nb: "rucksack" = back-sack; "knapsack" = bite/snap-up/eat, food sack; "kit-bag" = soldier's small bag/knapsack; "haversack" = single-strapped feed bag worn over one shoulder; musette = single-strapped small bag worn over one shoulder] [cf: bundle, bindle/bindlea, swag, bluey, dilly bag, tucker-bag, bag, pouch, tote, sack, traps, pack, grip, gripsack, overnighter, weekender, holdall, carpetbag, B-4 bag, suitcase, one-suiter, single-suiter, two-suiter, three-suiter, portmanteau, Gladstone bag, traveling case, garment bag, Val-Pack, luggage; v: "scrip" wayfarer's bag or wallet; "viaticum" traveler's money and necessities]
MEDCAP :
Medical Civic Action Program; military physicians and medical assistants provided public health treatment in many remote VILLEs. See CA, CAP, DENTCAP, ICAP, WINNING HEARTS AND MINDS.
MEDEVAC :
(med-ee-vack) a contraction of MEDical EVACuation, being primarily associated with the helicopter transport of casualties from the field to a HOSPITAL; also called DUSTOFF (1964 radio CALL-SIGN of LT Paul B. Kelley) or AIR AMBULANCE. The term MEDEVAC, which may also be spelled "med-evac", refers to both the mission and the vehicle, with any capable aircraft without a higher priority serving the role whenever necessary. The UH-1 HUEY utility helicopter (SLICK), with its wide doors, excelled at this mission, but transport by any type of AIR AMBULANCE improved a soldier's chance of survival. The sound of a helicopter, probably the most ubiquitous memory of the VIETNAM WAR, is almost universally associated with some form of assistance or relief, and therefore an important factor in troop morale, which made pilots and aircrew more willing to take risks on behalf of beleaguered elements. With nearly 98% of WIAs evacuated alive from the battlefield, and no IN COUNTRY battlefield being more than an hour's travel time distant from medical care, the VIETNAM WAR had the highest casualty survival rate of any American conflict to date. See CRACKER BOX, BAND-AID, CASEVAC, CIVCAS, NEO, EVAC. [nb: James Webb has aptly called the MEDEVAC a "deus ex machina"] [nb: during the Vietnam War, the Marine Corps did not have discrete helicopters assigned for medical evacuation] Also, by extension, any MEDical EVACuation from training or combat by any means; see LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE. [nb: Australian and New Zealand forces use the term "CasEvac" for casualty evacuation from the field]
MEDIC :
medical aidman or medical CORPSMAN, who's affectionately known as DOC by most troops; also called "shank mechanic" or "pill pusher". The symbolic color of the medical and medical service corps is maroon for blood. See BAC-SI, Y-SI, BABY DOC, BONE CUTTER, ANGEL, FUZZY-WUZZY ANGEL, RAMP TRAMP, PECKER-CHECKER, ORDERLY, SSTP, AIR AMBULANCE, MEDEVAC, DUSTOFF, CRACKER BOX, BAND-AID, SICK CALL, AID STATION, CHOP SHOP, MASH, EVAC, FST, CSH, FLD HOSP, HOSPITAL, LUGGAGE TAG, STRETCHER, COMPRESS, DOG BITE, MED BAG, ASA, APC, SYRETTE, ABO, BLOOD EXPANDER, TRIAGE. [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MEDICAL KIT BAG :
see MED BAG; compare FIRST AID KIT, FIELD SURGICAL KIT.
MEDICAL REVIEW BOARD :
see Physical Evaluation Board (PEB).
MEET 'n' GREET :
rhyming slang for a formal "hail 'n' farewell" or "mugs 'n' hugs" DINING-IN; see BLAST, FEATHERS, WITH BELLS ON; compare COMPANY PARTY, SIGG.
MEETING ENGAGEMENT :
the inadvertent collision between advancing forces, neither of which is deployed for BATTLE; an unanticipated combat action at an unexpected time and place by maneuvering elements. If the contact is not direct, the opposing forces will maneuver to make it so (assess the enemy strength and fix his assets) before attempting to exploit an opportunity to pivot or FLANK. Compare PITCHED BATTLE, SPOILING ATTACK, AMBUSH, FIREFIGHT, CONTACT, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE, SMACK DOWN, DOGFIGHT, PUNCH-OUT, FIREFIGHT, GROUP HUG, CHITTY CHITTY BANG BANG, FRONTAL ASSAULT, BATTLE, BATTLEFIELD, FORCE MULTIPLIER, GAMBLER'S FALLACY, LAW OF AVERAGES.
MEF :
Marine Expeditionary Force.
MEGATON :
an explosive force equivalent to one million tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT); compare KILOTON, GIGATON; see CHARGE, BURSTING CHARGE, BLAST, BLAST WAVE, SHOCK WAVE, EXPLOSIVE PRESSURE. [cf: Richter magnitude scale]
MEI :
Management Effectiveness Inspection.
MEKONG :
one of the principal rivers of Southeast Asia (SEA), flowing more than 3000 miles from its source in the mountains of Tibet, along the boundary between Thailand and Laos, and into the South China Sea through nine outlets ... hence its nickname of "the river of nine dragons"; see VTSZ, RSSZ, NAKED FANNY, DEATH RAILWAY, HUMP, INDOCHINA.
MEKONG DELTA :
an area covering more than 26,000 square miles, and generally raised less than ten feet above sea level, that begins at Phnom Penh (the capital of Cambodia) where the Song Hau Giang branches off of the Mekong River, this estuarial splitting continues throughout the southernmost region (designated IV CTZ / MR4) of Vietnam; alluvial silting has made the area very fertile, suitable for wetland rice cultivation, and host to mangrove swamps. See IIFFV, JUNK FORCE, MRF, BROWN WATER, PLAIN OF REEDS, HO BO WOODS, U MINH FOREST, DOG'S FACE, PARROT'S BEAK, FISHHOOK, ELEPHANT'S FOOT, ANGEL'S WING, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN, SEVEN MOUNTAINS, HOA HAO.
MEMCON :
(mem-khon) MEMorandum of CONversation, being a verbatim transcript of a dialogue, conversation, or discussion that's documented for safekeeping; compare MFR, MR.
MEME :
a construct that encapsulates cultural particulars and conveys these entities to others in an abbreviated form, such as a quip or cartoon, pastiche or caricature, gesture or signal, gesticulation or chironomia, bagatelle or film clip, including skillcrafts and linguistics. Coined in 1976 by a British biologist, R. Dawkins, from the ancient Greek word for 'imitate' or 'copy', it represents the repetitive manner by which all elements of culture are transmitted, analogous to the biological transmission of genes. The collection of all memes is the basis of culture. Shared exposure to fantastic allusions and pop-culture referents (eg: Mad Max, Conan the Barbarian, Star Trek, Star Wars, Jetsons, Flintstones, Simpsons, Twilight Zone, X-Files, etc) now substitute for social analyses and bridge disparities among interpersonal backgrounds. Since the proliferation of SHORT-SHOT witticisms has been exacerbated by the internet, the meme has become the most common form of expression in social networking, from jokes and buzzwords to slogans and flames, including parodies and visuals. [eg: gammadion / swastika (svastika)] [cf: morpheme, phoneme]
MEMENTO :
see SOUVENIR, TRENCH ART, TROPHY, INSIGNIA, CHALLENGE COIN, SHORT SNORTER, CHIT. [v: artifact, relic, vestige, emblem, keepsake, favor, memorabilia, commemorative, reminder, remembrancer, memento mori, handsel]
MEMO PAD :
a small ruled writing tablet for making notes; see BUCK SLIP, POCKET BRAINS, WHEEL BOOK. [cf: bout de papier, aide-memoire]
MEMORABILIA :
commemorative SOG coin
see SOUVENIR, TRENCH ART, TROPHY, INSIGNIA, CHALLENGE COIN, SHORT SNORTER, CHIT. [v: artifact, relic, vestige, emblem, keepsake, favor, commemorative, reminder, remembrancer, memento, memento mori, handsel]
MEMORIAL :
see TAPS, KNELL, TATTOO, DEAD MARCH, SOLDIER'S CROSS, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, NATIONAL CEMETERY, BONEYARD, GARDEN OF STONES, POW-MIA DAY, MISSING MAN FORMATION, MEMORIAL DAY. ["Their bodies are buried in peace; but their name liveth for evermore." Ecclesiasticus 44:14] [v: cenotaph]
MEMORIAL DAY :
proclaimed a holiday by MG John A. Logan in General Order 11 to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) on 5 May 1868, it was first observed as Decoration Day on 30 May 1868 to commemorate CIVIL WAR dead. The name of Decoration Day was changed in 1882 to MEMORIAL DAY; and extended to those killed in all wars after WWI. It was proclaimed a national holiday in 1971, and its date of observance was changed to coincide with the last Monday in May. It's known as "Remembrance Day" (or "Poppy Day") by AUSSIE, KIWI, and other UK veterans. See TAPS, TROPHY, ANZAC, BUGLE CALL, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, POW-MIA DAY, FLAG DAY, BRONZE BRUCE, GABRIEL, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, MISSING MAN FORMATION; compare VETERANS' DAY, PATRIOT DAY, PATRIOT'S DAY. [nb: more than twenty-five municipalities claim to have originated Memorial Day, from Boalsburg PA (1864) and Carbondale IL (29 April 1866) to Columbus MS (25 April 1866) and Columbus GA (29 April 1866), but Congress settled the dispute in 1966 by legislating Waterloo NY (5 May 1866) as the official birthplace; regardless of where or when it began, such tribute was a sincere and solemn sentiment that became a widespread observance] [nb: many civilians confuse the meaning of the principal national holidays, combining each and commemorating all together at each date; instead of according honors to military servicemembers on Armed Forces Day, honors to veterans on Veterans' Day, and honors to the war dead on Memorial Day] [nb: the Yasukuni (meaning "peaceful country") shrine, dedicated in 1869 to the remembrance of Japan's honorable military dead in battle and recognition of their dutiful loyalty, has become a national "peace" monument since the atomic bombings that concluded WWII]
MENSCH / MENSCHEN :
a decent, upright, responsible, and mature person; see BITE THE BULLET, DIEHARD, BEARING, RIGHT STUFF, WINTER SOLDIER. [v: wight; cf: macho]
MENTICIDE :
the systematic effort to undermine and destroy a person's values and beliefs, and to induce radically different ideas, as by the use of prolonged interrogation, the application of torture and other deprivations, the restriction of nourishment and medicine, the manipulation of rewards and punishments, the administration of psychotropic drugs, and so forth; a technique refined during the KOREAN WAR; see BRAINWASHING, REEDUCATION, STRUGGLE.
MENTOR :
see DI, RIGHT ARM, LDR, RABBI, SEA DADDY, PATRON SAINT, JUDGMENT CALL, POPULARITY CONTEST. [nb: it's a well established fact that a good Drill Sergeant will take the raw material of a civilian and turn him into a soldier in the same way that he would take a tangled mess of steel wool and knit it into a tank!]
MENU :
the series of secretive cross-border air operations, from March 1969 through the May-June 1970 Cambodian INCURSION, including Breakfast, Lunch, Snack, Dinner, Supper, and Dessert, as developed by Henry A. Kissinger.
MEO :
a member of a diverse tribal group of seminomadic farming peoples of the mountains of southeastern China and the adjacent areas of northern Vietnam, northern Thailand, and Laos; a disparaging referent (barbarian) that's sometimes used by Laotians and Vietnamese, these peoples are also called "Miao" or "Hmong". Like the MONTAGNARDs, these INDIGenous people served as STRIKERs in the Royal Laotian Army (RLA) and with American ADVISORs in special projects. Also, the Miao-Yao language spoken in parts of southern China and southeast Asia.
MEPS :
the Military Enlistment Processing Station, that's commonly called a RECEPTION STATION or "Reception Center". See PMOS, AIT, AFEES, ASVAB, AFQT, AFGCT, Q-COURSE, OJT, CROSS-TRAINING, BILLET, BERTH.
MERC :
(murk) short form of MERCENARY (qv).
MERCENARY :
any venal person working primarily for rewards, especially someone hired to serve in a private or foreign army; also called "soldier of fortune". Formerly, a class of professional soldiers who sold their skills to various sovereigns; but the modern era has drawn psychopaths, criminals, and other corrupt adventurers into this category. Some governmental agencies employ military professionals under contract for temporary assignments or deniability, but selection and supervision is stringent. A popular slogan during Vietnam was: "If you kill for pay, then you're a MERCENARY. If you kill for pleasure, then you're a sadist. If you kill for peace, then you're a fanatic. If you do it all, then you're a grunt!". See CIA, CIDG, PRU, LETTER OF MARQUE, SHEEP-DIPPED, SINGLETON, FREE COMPANION, HACK, HIRED GUN, BINH XUYEN, WHITE VC. [v: free lance / freelancer, soldier of fortune, condottiere, landsknecht, privateer, corsair, picaroon, pirate, buccaneer / boucanier, vendible, hack, hirling / hireling, hired gun / hired muscle, red-shanks, Atholl Highlanders (duke of Atholl ca1269), Hessian, Haiduk / Heiduk, rapparee, filibuster, freebooter, cateran, marauder, despoiler, depredator, rover, mosstrooper, Wild Geese, William Walker's army (Nicaragua 1856), Popski's Private Army (Vladimir Peniakoff), Binh Xuyen (Cao Dai), ninja, ronin, yakuza] [nb: the original "Wild Geese" were Irish patriots who served with Napoleon against England, but their notorious name is recurrent among "hired muscle" seeking prestige; because the legs of breeches- or kilt-wearing Scottish mercenaries were exposed and bare, not covered by trousers, they were called "red-shanks"] [nb: the official history of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) notes that Vietnamese communist forces acted as MERCENARY rebels across the border in southern China so as to monopolize elements of the Kuomintang army, enabling Maoist revolutionaries to elude the remainder, thus preventing a Nationalist Chinese (CHINAT) victory] [nb: just before the Boxer Rebellion, a 1895 coup attempt against the Manchu Dynasty failed because the mercenaries, who were supposed to disguise themselves as civilians and travel with their armamentarium freighted, began bickering over their prowess while awaiting the ferry, and became so involved that they actually missed the boat!] [nb:"When Rome went out and hired mercenary soldiers, Rome fell." by Dwight D. Eisenhower (1951)]
MERCHANT MARINE :
Merchant Marine
properly known as the U.S. Maritime Service, it was established as part of the U.S. Department of Commerce by the 1936 Merchant Marine Act; and like the Coast Guard under the Department of Transportation, is subject to call-up onto active service under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Navy during wartime or other emergency. Beginning with a 1874 Congressional act that directed the U.S. Navy to use its ships for "the instruction of navigation and seamanship", several training centers were created for the basic training of MERCHANT MARINE officers. Congress later mandated, by the 1891 Postal Aid Law and the 1928 Jones-White Act, that ships accepting U.S. Government mail subsidies should take CADETs to be "educated in the duties of seamanship", with these seamen to later be examined for certification. To fill the emergency need for MERCHANT MARINE officers during WWI, the United States Shipping Board established an OCS-type course called "Free Training Schools for Merchant Marine Officers", which trained eligible seamen for officer BERTHs from 1917 until 1921. On 15 March 1938, the Merchant Marine Cadet Corps was founded by the U.S. Maritime Commission, under the authority of the 1936 Merchant Marine Act. Instruction at other centers, such as the New York Nautical School (1874), was consolidated by the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy under the guidance of the Coast Guard and the War Shipping Administration; graduating the first USMMA class in 1942, and dedicating its campus on 30 September 1943. During WWII, the four-year undergraduate curriculum was condensed to 18 months, including an on-board practicum at sea. Unlike the Coast Guard Academy, but in common with the other service academies, USMMA placement is by congressional appointment. By virtue of its CADET at sea term of training during wartime, when seven CADET crewmembers earned the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM), which is the Maritime Service's highest award for valor, the USMMA is the only Federal Academy authorized to carry a Battle Standard. The motto of the MERCHANT MARINE is: "We'll Deliver" ... which they have. See USMS, INFORMING GUN; compare COASTIES, USCG, USCGA, TRADE SCHOOL, USN.
MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY :
see USMMA.
MERCHANTS OF DEATH :
catch-phrase coined during WWI to condemn the armaments industry, such as DuPont and other businesses that specialized in war materiel, and applied when indicting German production during WWII, then revived to excoriate American manufacturers, such as Dow Chemical, during the VIETNAM WAR ... anti-war PROTESTORs proclaimed that "War is good business, so invest your son!"
MERCY :
under the LAWS OF WAR, the discretionary power to be compassionate or benevolent; as by omission during wartime in an act of restraint or forbearance, and by commission during wartime in an act of tolerance or indulgence ... showing compassion or benevolence toward an enemy or other person who's in one's power, or granting QUARTER to somebody under one's control. [v: clemency, leniency, alleviative; cf: charity, grace] [nb: "Mercy must not be permitted to rob justice." proverbial]
MERITOCRACY :
a management system established to reward and advance the members of an organization or society who have proven themselves to be the most talented and capable, regardless of any other assets or preferments; a system that truly exemplifies the adage: "the cream rises to the top" ... historically, every such system has been compromised and corrupted, leading to the counter-dictum: "shit floats"! See RANK, RATING, GRADE, CHAIN-OF-COMMAND, GARRISON STATE; compare CAKE-EATER, BRASS HAT, RING-KNOCKER, MILICRAT, KHAKI MAFIA, MANDARIN, WISE MEN, KITCHEN CABINET, WHIZ KID, POWER ELITE, BEST AND BRIGHTEST, BRAIN TRUST, BOOJIE, CZAR, POLITICIAN.
MERITORIOUS SERVICE MEDAL / MSM :
MSM
created in 1969 to recognize non-combat meritorious service, including staff or support work in a combat zone. This was an attempt to restore the prestige of the BRONZE STAR medal for meritorious service, but became just another GONG for TICKET-PUNCHERs to collect ... it's regarded as the junior (or company-grade) officer's version of the 'Good Conduct' medal (GCM). This award ranks between the Bronze Star and the Army Commendation Medal. See BSM, LOM, DSM, GREEN WEENIE, AAM, OLC, DEVICE, GONG.
MERMAID :
a folkloric sea creature, half woman and half fish, that's representative of the class of nonexistent monsters, of mythic animals or legendary beasts; including glacier snake, sea serpent, sea monster, triton, kraken, siren, centaur, hydra, cerberus, typhoeus / typhon, echidna, orthos, Nemean lion, firedrake, wyvern, griffin, chimera, cockatrice, basilisk, manticore, ogre, afreet, satyr, lamia, sphinx, unicorn, werewolf, whangdoodle, sasquatch/yeti, or other teratoid. Compare DRAGON, PROP WASH, and other SNIPE HUNT objectives.
MERMITE CONTAINER :
an insulated, subdivided, sturdy container for transporting hot or cold food to troops in the field; military version of the portable "cooler" chest. The metal MERMITE has been succeeded by the "Insulated Food Container" (IFC), made of impact-resistant high-density polyethylene, which uses standardized steam-table inserts, is more convenient to handle, and is easier to clean.
MERRILL'S MARAUDERS :
Merrill's Marauders
popular name bestowed upon the 5307th Composite Unit by a journalist after its commander Frank D. Merrill, being a raiding unit formed as Galahad in Oct 1943 to train under Orde Wingate's CHINDIT force in the China-Burma-India (CBI) theater of WWII. After more than seven months of combat, the remnants of the 5307th Composite Unit were combined with replacements to form the 475th Inf Rgt, which was joined by the 124th Cav Rgt and other support elements to form the 5332nd Brigade, or "Mars Task Force", on 15 Oct 1944. The 5332nd Bde operated along the LEDO ROAD until its July 1945 disbandment. The MERRILL'S MARAUDERS heritage was briefly revived as the 75th Regimental Combat Team (RCT) during 1954-6, before being transferred to the 75th Airborne Ranger Infantry Regiment in January 1969 during the VIETNAM WAR. See MARS, RANGER, SPECIAL OPERATIONS; compare RAIDER.
MESH :
see NET, GP, DEBARKATION NET, CARGO NET, BAR, SCREEN, FARADAY POUCH, MAIL.
MESS / MESSHALL :
a regular meal served to a group; term derived from a course at a meal, being the quantity of food sufficient for one group serving. Also, a dining room or refectory where such meals are served; sometimes called "chow hall", and since redesignated as a Dining Facility (DFAC); known as a FIELD KITCHEN when setup in BIVOUAC. The hygiene inspections of MESSHALLs are conducted by veterinarians (DVM), not Public Health sanitarians or physicians. Compare GALLEY, DINING-IN, CANTEEN, ANNEX, O CLUB; see BEANS, CHOW, DOG, GI JOE, CHOW LINE, COMFORT STATION, KP, DRO, COOKIE. [aka: greasy spoon, eatery, beanery, hash house, coffee shop, cafeteria, luncheonette, automat, salad bar, snack bar, soda fountain, lunch counter, dining room, lunchroom, tearoom, tea garden, teahouse, sandwich shop, burger joint, fast-food establishment, drive-in, truck stop, pizzeria, diner, restaurant, chophouse, steakhouse, carvery, trattoria, inn, tavern, dinner theater, supper club, brasserie, coffeehouse, bistro, cafe/café, grillroom, bar and grill, rathskeller, nightclub, cabaret, nitery] [v: napery, serviette]
MESS DRESS :
military version of formal attire, similar to a dinnner jacket or tuxedo in its various colors and styles, worn with bow tie, cummerbund, gloves, miniature medals, cape (called "boat cloak" by Navy), and sometimes sword. The tuxedo-style uniform (eg: Mess Dress Blue or Mess Dress White) is required wear by all officers, but the cutaway-style uniform (eg: Dinner Dress Blue or Dinner Dress White), being the military version of "top hat and tails" (ie: tail coat or swallowtail coat), is only required of senior officers. The MESS DRESS dinner jacket uniform, usually called a "monkey suit" due to its decorative or theatrical appearance on an "ape man", as donning "dress blues and tennis shoes", is also called a "penguin outfit", and the white version is known as a "blizzard blazer" or "snow suit". The Army dress blue uniform sustains the tradition of the Continental Army, the lapel facings of which once changed by RANK and regiment. See DRESS, DRESS WHITES, ICE-CREAM SUIT, WITH BELLS ON, SPANKERS AND CLANKERS, CONTRAFOIL, CLASS-A, WAR PAINT, FEATHERS, MUFTI, CIVVIES, PARTY SUIT, DINING-IN. [v: glad rags] [nb: when the Navy specifies a sidearm and cape ("boat cloak") with formal evening wear, officers wear swords and petty officers wear cutlasses; v: Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist and Surface Warfare Officer (aka: WATER WINGS)]
MESSENGER LINE :
a "throw line" or HEAVING LINE (qv) used to pass across a heavier LINE.
MESSHALL / MESS HALL :
see MESS, FIELD KITCHEN, GALLEY, CANTEEN, ANNEX.
MESS KIT :
5-pc mess kit
a two-piece oblong metal tray, designed so the latching handle can serve as a support for the reciprocal cover so as to make two dishes; used as either a fry pan or covered sauce pan, the MESS KIT was suitable for individual cooking of C-RATIONS. Any utensils stowed inside had to be padded to prevent rattling. Most MESS KITs were field DX, because it was much easier and cleaner to simply cook in the C-RATION can itself. The best substitute for a MESS KIT is an extra CANTEEN CUP (qv). See CHOPSTICK, SPOON, PARTISAN'S SECRET WEAPON, KFS, COVER, P-38. Also, a metaphor for personal space or private property, due to individual usage; hence, the admonition "Don't SHIT in your own MESS KIT!" is a military axiom equivalent to "don't foul your nest" and "not in my backyard". [nb: when served SLOP or WAD from a field kitchen, the MESS KIT was commonly called a "slop bucket" or "slop pail", as the CANTEEN CUP was called a "slop bowl" or "slop jar" for the dirty liquid filling it ... a direct comparison to "thunder mugs" and "chamber pots", "honey buckets" and "commodes"]
MESSMATE :
a person with whom one regularly takes meals, typically a COMRADE in the same unit, or a SHIPMATE who works in the same specialty. Since the Army and Marine Corps feed by units, and the Air Force and Navy feed by schedules (sometimes in 24-hour galleys), the interactions and associations during meals is often unique. See ASSHOLE BUDDY, BAND OF BROTHERS, BUDDY SYSTEM, TRADE ENVELOPES.
MESS TRAY :
mess tray
a subsectioned dining tray, sized about 12" X 16", made of stainless steel or thermoplastic in various colors, used only in cafeteria-style food service, such as aboard ships or in GARRISON; replaced by personal MESS KIT on BIVOUAC or in the field. Due to soldiers DXing their MESS KITs in Vietnam, whenever hot CHOW was brought to troops on operation in the field, the cooks included paper plates to accommodate those without containers; disposable Styrofoam plates and Lucite trays have also been used since the VIETNAM WAR to save on the bulk and cleanup of MESS TRAYs.
METAL TEST :
informal term for a gunshot trace residue detection process that was used on Viet Cong suspects (VCS); this exam will generate a "false positive" for anyone who works around metal, machinery, and petroleum, including mechanics and farmers, who constitute a substantial portion of the Vietnamese population and a vast majority of the Montagnard population.
MET MESSAGE / MET MSG :
meteorological message, a weather conditions report sent from a meteorological unit. See WEATHER EYE, MONSOON, STORM WARNING, WIND, ZERO-ZERO. [nb: due to axial tilt during earth's rotation, the hemispheric seasons are not the same length, with the southern summer / northern winter being the shortest season, and northern summer / southern winter being the longest]
METTT :
(met-tea) a mnemonic abbreviation for Mission, Enemy, Troops, Terrain, and Time available.
MEU :
Marine Expeditionary Unit, being the smallest expeditionary organization of USMC assets consisting of a Battalion Landing Team (BLT), a composite aviation squadron (SQDN), and a logistics support element.
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR :
Mexican War
Service Medal
after the death toll rose and border violations multiplied, including the execution of 18 American mining engineers on 10 January 1916 and a raid into Columbus NM on 9 March 1916 that left 17 civilians dead, Congress compelled Woodrow Wilson to abandon his policy of "watchful waiting" to intervene on 15 March 1916 in Mexico, which was beset by freebooters and insurgents; although dispatched with the consent of the Mexican government, the 15,000-man punitive expedition, headed by John Joseph Pershing, unsuccessfully sought revolutionaries (like Pancho Villa) and other bandits, but only exacerbated anti-American sentiments. Wilson stationed an additional 150,000-man border guard along the boundary, but by 24 November, a bilateral proposal (v: ABC POWERS) for withdrawal and joint border guarding had reached an impasse. Wilson abandoned the campaign on 5 February, and extended de jure recognition to Mexico's new constitutional government on 11 March 1917. [nb: Mexican Revolution (1914-19): 35 battle deaths]
MEXICAN STANDOFF :
a confrontation that neither side can win, or a situation that cannot be resolved without alteration or re-alignment; as an impasse or stalemate, at loggerheads or discontinuance, dead-end or standstill; see DEADLOCK, SIAMESE INSURANCE; compare FALL ON DEAF EARS, BRINKMANSHIP.
MEXICAN REVOLUTION :
see MEXICAN BORDER CAMPAIGN.
MEXICAN WAR :
under the direction of President James K. Polk and the tenets of Manifest Destiny, those western and southwestern lands that could not be negotiated for purchase from Mexico by the United States were forceably annexed by this war. Hostilities began on 25 April 1846 over a border incident, so the U.S. declared war against Mexico on 13 May 1846, with several battles until the 24 August 1847 armistice, and the cessation of hostilities on 14 September 1847. About 13,000 U.S. troops died in the MEXICAN WAR, with only 1700 killed in actual combat; while Mexican losses are estimated at 25,000 dead. The 2 February 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ceded 40% of Mexican territory (including California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming), for which a $15million indemnity was paid. The MEXICAN WAR was fought over territorial borders, but it also served as a precursor of the lifestyle dispute over sovereign autonomy and religious expression later decided by the American CIVIL WAR. [nb: the MEXICAN WAR should not be confused with the 1835-6 Texas Revolution, culminating in the defeat of Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto, where the "Remember the Alamo!" motto (attributed to Colonel Sidney Sherman, 21 April 1836) became a BATTLE CRY; however, among the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was the establishment of the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo) border and the possession of Texas (annexed 29 December 1845) by the United States] [nb: Winfield Scott commanded the first amphibious landing of an invading army (12,000 troops), supported by a naval task force under David Conner and Matthew Perry, in March 1847 at Veracruz during the MEXICAN WAR] [nb: Mexican-American War (1846-48): 79,000 served; 1,733-13,283 battle deaths] [nb: the MEXICAN WAR changed American smoking habits, from a preference for pipes (typically clay) to cigars and cigarettes]
MEZ :
see MIKE FORCE, MAIN FORCE.
MFD :
Multi-Function Display, being an interactive computer monitor in the COCKPIT of an aircraft that depicts, in text or graphics, one or more flight, weapons, or surveillance functions, with options and checklists; the Super Multi-Function Display (SMFD) substitutes graphical icons for alphanumerics. The MFD has superseded the instrument panel with its analog readouts. See HUD, VD, PLASTIC BRAINS, SHARON, SIGHT PICTURE, PRIMROSE PATH, HOTAS.
MFF :
Army MFF
Military Free Fall vertical deployment; see FREE-FALL, AMFFPC, HARP, VWT, HAHO, HALO, LALO, JUMPMASTER, GABRIEL, AIRBORNE, PARACHUTE, JSD. [v: Parachuting Terms , and Parachuting History ]
MFF SIMULATOR :
Military Free-Fall Simulator; also known as the Vertical Wind Tower (VWT), and located at Ft. Bragg NC, this training facility was designed by SGM Santos Alfredo Matos Jr. to enable students to practice body positions and other skydiving techniques in a controlled environment. See AMFFPC, HARP, HAHO, HALO, LALO, FREE-FALL.
M-4 CARBINE :
the XM-177E2 / CAR-15 "Shorty-16" rifle, and the USAF Colt "Commando" Automatic Rifle, which later became the M-4 "Scout" carbine; compare M-6 "Scout" ASW.
M-14 RIFLE :
a gas-operated, air-cooled, shoulder-fired semi-automatic weapon chambered for 7.62mm NATO ammunition fed from a twenty round magazine (MAG), weighing about 14# when loaded, with a maximum effective range of 460m; like the M-1 GARAND (which it replaced), it is FIELD STRIPped for cleaning into three major components: the barrel and bolt group, the receiver and trigger group, and the stock and sling group. Adopted during the KOREAN WAR, it was displaced by the 5.56mm M-16 BLACK MAGIC early in the VIETNAM WAR, but was selectively re-introduced with a composite stock during OEF and OIF in the GULF WAR. See RIFLE. [nb: the plastic-housed version of the M-14A2 evolved into the Stoner AR-15]
MFR :
(em-eff-ar) abbreviation for Memorandum For the Record, being a formal date-stamped and signed objection, disagreement, or protest that's filed for the sake of accountability during any official review or investigation that may occur after the fact; such an exception by a subordinate will have repercussions, whether warranted or not. Compare MEMCON, MR; see TICKLER, SNOWFLAKE, RBI, PAPER BULLET, FORM, RAPPORTEUR, WHITE PAPER, REPORT, ANNEX, RED TAPE, 90-PAGE WONDER, FILE 13, CYA, PING-PONG, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT.
MG :
M-1919
MachineGun; being a magazine or belt fed fully automatic (continuous firing) weapon of various RIFLE calibers [nb: an MG fires RIFLE ammunition, but an SMG fires PISTOL ammunition] M-60: American-made 7.62mm (.308 cal) machinegun. aka: PIG, NUMBER SIXTY; design inspired by WWII German MG-42. M-1919 .30cal (water- / air- cooled) machinegun. M-240G 7.62mm medium mg 24lb M-2 .50cal mg (tripod / pedestal) blowback recoil opn 84lb c1919 See HEAVY MG, FIFTY, MA DEUCE, QUAD 50, COOK-OFF, COAX, LINK AMMO, MAGAZINE, DRUM, PINTLE, RAMROD, MUZZLE, MUZZLE-BRAKE, FLASH SUPPRESSOR, SILENCER, KICK, FIREPOWER, SPONSON, LMG, SAW, MINIGUN, FPL, SPRAY, HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, MOAN 'n' GROAN, MAD MINUTE, LOADER, DOOR GUNNER, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS; compare CAR, BAR, RIFLE, SMG, PISTOL, BLOOPER, STONER, UP-GUN. [nb: the first "machinegun" was a magazine-fed crossbow, repeating @200-bolts/15-seconds, with effective range of 80-180 yds, and able to penetrate two layers of body armor, as used by Chinese during AD 11th-12th century. The Gatling Gun, also called the "coffee grinder" due to its crank operation, which was introduced during the American CIVIL WAR, was developed as "a weapon too terrible to be used", in hopes that it would make war too violent to be practiced.] [v: Firearms Glossary ] [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MG / MAJ GEN :
abbreviation for Major General (O-8); see RANK, RATING, LDR, FLAG OFFICER.
MGF :
Mobile Guerrilla Force; also called MIKE FORCE or STRIKERS. See MSF, CSF, SF, BLACKJACK; compare UNPFK.
MGL :
M-32 MGL
Multiple-shot Grenade Launcher (M-32), being adopted in 2006 for infantry operations to supersede all versions of the single-shot 40mm grenade launcher. The prototype Milkor MGL-140, a shoulder fired six-shot revolver, is a modification of their earlier Milkor Mk-1S (stainless-steel) / Mk-1L (long-range) series MGL that was further adapted to MIL-SPEC after preliminary field testing. Barrel rifling is progressive, with a minimum safe arming distance of 98 feet. The M32 has a maximum range against area targets of 400m, and an effective range against point targets of 150m, and this new MGL configuration allows the grenadier to accurately place all six (6) 40mm rounds onto a target in under three (3) seconds. Aiming is accomplished through a parallax-free electro-optical night vision compatible holographic sight that can be adjusted to compensate for long-range shooting. The M32 foregrip is equipped with a MILSTD-1913 quad rail system to accommodate currently issued weapon accessories, such as grips, laser illuminators/designators, and flashlights. The MGL shoots the full array of special-purpose high- and low-velocity 40mm munitions, including the new DRACO (Direct Range Air Consuming Ordnance) thermobaric round, the high-explosive / breaching ("Hellhound") round, and the improved less-than-lethal (M433I) Low-Velocity crowd control round developed by Martin Electronics. See BLOOPER, THUMPER, OVER 'n' UNDER, DOVER DOG, BOFORS, DUSTER, compare SHOTGUN, GYROJET, FRAG, GRENADE, RPG.
MGRS :
Military Grid Reference System, being a standardized scale that's superimposed upon a TOPO map projection of the earth's surface for the accurate and consistent position of locations, or the computation of direction and distance between locations; this LAT-LONG overlay is an extension of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and is also known as "military grid", "grid", and GRID LINES.
MI :
Military Intelligence
Military Intelligence ... the classic oxymoron; their unofficial motto is "we bet YOUR life". See CIC, DLI, MIS, FLAPS 'n' SEALS, IR, PIR, CCIR, JIC, NIC, NIE, SNIE, PSYOPS, RUSE DE GUERRE, PSYWAR, ASA, CODE, COMICS, CHATTER, DECEPTION, SQUEEZE, GATOR, SWEAT, SLURPER, CONTROLLED INFORMATION, NEED TO KNOW, RUMOR, PROPAGANDA, INTEL. [nb: more tactical advantages have been acquired, and more battle casualties spared by good military intelligence than all the heroism on all the battlefields! ... INTEL isn't glamorous or dramatic, and proper implementation takes skill and courage, but MI is a vital component in winning wars, perhaps the most vital] [nb: the watchword of MI is not "It's better to know something than nothing." but rather is "It's better to know a little more than to be suspected of knowing too much."; "Intelligence is pseudoscience, like astrology; sometimes the outcome seems to prove that your methods and techniques are infallible ... other times, it proves the exact opposite." by Olen Steinhauer (2014)]
MIA :
Missing In Action; military personnel who are not known if alive or dead in a battle situation. See CIL, JPAC, RECOVERY, MEMORIAL DAY, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, POW-MIA DAY, POW-MIA BRACELET. [nb: approximately 78,000 servicemembers remain missing from WWII, 8100 from the Korean War, 1800 from the Vietnam War, and 120 from the Cold War] [nb: the first war memorial dedicated to the "unknown soldier" was proposed by British author J. Rudyard Kipling, who's son died in combat]
MIAO :
a member of a diverse tribal group of seminomadic farming peoples of the mountains of southeastern China and the adjacent areas of northern Vietnam, northern Thailand, and Laos; these peoples are also called "Hmong" or "Meo" [a disparaging referent (barbarian) that's sometimes used by Laotians and Vietnamese]. Like the MONTAGNARDs, these INDIGenous people served as STRIKERs in the Royal Laotian Army (RLA) and with American ADVISORs in special projects. Also, the Miao-Yao language spoken in parts of southern China and southeast Asia.
MIC :
MICrophone, as for RADIO transmission; see HOT MIC, BREAK SQUELCH, PTT, CROSS-TALK, NOISE.
MICKEY MOUSE :
anything insignificant or inconsequential that's given import or portent; something petty, niggling, trivial, or picayune; being a denigrating term applied to unrealistic training or to "make work" duties which waste resources and diminish morale; compare CHICKEN SHIT, SPEEDING TICKET, BOONDOGGLE, SKATE, SLACKER, REST ON OARS, SEAT OF THE PANTS, TAP-DANCER, BLOW SMOKE, FUCK-UP, FUCKED-UP, CLUSTER FUCK, WTFO, SOL, BOHICA. Also, an anthropomorphized cartoon character created by Walt Disney, characterized by white gloves, red shorts, and oversized shoes, it debuted in the 1928 animated short "Steamboat Willie", the 1940 feature "Fantasia", and dozens of other films; MICKEY MOUSE (originally conceived as "Mortimer") has a girlfriend ("Minnie"), a dog ("Pluto"), and symbolizes Disney productions, including the "Mickey Mouse Club" (c1955); compare TUNNEL RAT. [nb: the Disney Studio designed and executed (at no charge) scores of unofficial insignia during WWII, which contributed immeasurably to troop morale]
MICKEY MOUSE BATTLESHIP :
slang designation for a motor launch that was lightly armored and fitted with three .50cal machineguns (MG) as an improvised patrol vessel in the Pacific at the beginning of WWII; see PT BOAT, PBL, GUNBOAT, SKIMMER, BOAT.
MICKEY MOUSE BOOTS :
waterproof and insulated rubber boots, with traction sole and ventilation ports, worn over regular issue combat boots for protection in severe winter conditions; these are the military version of insulated overshoes or galoshes, so-called do to their exaggerated appearance. MICKEY MOUSE BOOTS, which were colored white for arctic camouflage, and were designed to readily fit onto cross-country (Nordic) skis, actually worked too well; causing the feet of an active soldier to overheat, and risk frostbite when the perspiration froze. This boot was developed after the experiences of WWII and Korea, when the military issued "shoepacs" as winter boots ... 'shoepacs' (or "shoepacks"), often called "pacs", were heavy waterproofed boots imitative of "double insole" moccasins originating with the Delaware Indians. Compare BUNNY BOOTS, see FOOTWEAR. [cf: mukluk, a high soft boot of sealskin or deerhide, usually double-soled and fur-lined, originally worn by Eskimos; also spelled "mucluc" or "muckluck", as derived from 'bearded seal' ("maklak"), misapplied to sealskin boots]
MICROAGGRESSION :
the expression of subtle forms of discrimination or bias; a form of socially acceptable hostility directed toward anyone representing the thoughts or ideas, observations or experiences, impressions or sensations that differ from those that are currently popular, conventional, or normative. See CONFLICT, LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT, THE LESSER OF EVILS, STRUGGLE, PLAY THE GAME, FLOWER WAR, COCKTAIL WARS.
MICROMANAGEMENT :
to manage or control with excessive attention to minor details; to direct people or procedures with unnecessary guidance; a person exhibits such compensatory behavior as an obsessive/compulsive adjustment to his powerlessness in larger affairs, whether consciously or subconsciously recognizing his impotence, so that his manifest preoccupation with minutia will grant him the impression of, if not actually bestow or restore, some level of reinforcing control over the conduct or disposition of events affecting his life, because he either lacks the strength of character to accept uncertainty, or is too psychicly frail to trust anyone else's judgment and competence. See WIGGLE ROOM, OFF THE RESERVATION, OUTSIDE THE WIRE, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, VFR DIRECT, UNODIR, SCRIPTURES, READ-BACK, PARTY LINE, EYE-CHECK, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, CASTRATION ANXIETY, REASSURANCE, MILICRAT, BRASS EAR, PINS IN THE MAP SYNDROME, HANDLER, BRIEF-BACK, COMPARTMENTALIZATION, HEADQUARTERISM, COMMAND RATIO, LOYALTY UP - LOYALTY DOWN, COMBAT EFFECTIVE, DON'T DO NOTHING, DON'T SWEAT THE SMALL STUFF, NO EXCUSE, ZERO TOLERANCE, OVERSIGHT; compare BIG PICTURE. [v: in loco parentis] [nb: a good leader cultivates competence; real life always transcends the rule book; "Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity." by George S. Patton Jr]
MID :
Military Intelligence Detachment; see MI, DET.
MIDDIE :
diminutive of midshipman, a student at the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA) in Annapolis, MD; also known as CRAB or SQUID; see CADET, COASTIES, SNOTTY, DOGSBODY, MISTER, GOAT, TRADE SCHOOL.
MIDDLE DISTANCE :
see THOUSAND-YARD STARE.
MIDDLE EAST :
the Mid-East / Near East operational area, including Afghanistan, Turkey, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the other countries of the Arabian peninsula (formerly extending to India, Burma and Tibet); see SANDBOX, FIVE SEAS.
MIDNIGHT REQUISITION :
misappropriation of government property, also called "midnight redistribution" and "moonlight requisition"; distinguished from "theft" (peculation) in that the goods are used for unit operations, and are not for personal enrichment or BLACK MARKET profit. Under-supplied GRUNTs with field skills regarded stealing from REMFs as "good practice" for enemy action. Compare SCROUNGE; see REDNECK CREDIT CARD. [v: "a nigger in the woodpile"]
MIDNIGHT SUN :
also known as WHITE NIGHT; see TIME.
MIDRATS :
in NavSpeak, a contraction of MIDnight RATionS, being a snack (typically composed of leftovers) that's prepared for the watchstanders who are coming on duty at midnight, but the remnants are often shared with the watchstanders of the departing section.
MIDWATCH :
the night shift, usually extending from midnight until dawn; also called "middle watch", and known as "sunrise watch", "graveyard shift", or "graveyard watch". In the Navy, this is the midnight to 0400 DUTY shift, which is also known as "00 to 4" or "balls to four". Compare DOGWATCH; see WATCH, TIME, O-DARK-THIRTY, WHITE NIGHT. [nb: people who work at night and sleep during the day tend to have a more negative or pessimistic attitude, to be more emotionally or mentally depressed, are more prone to becoming physically unfit, and are more susceptible to illness or disease than are daytime coworkers]
MIGHT MAKES RIGHT :
a catch-phrase denoting REALPOLITIK, and as ancient a concept as WAR itself, wherein force or power reigns; also represented as "might is right". Ideationally, it first appears in Hesiod's parable of Homer and the Hawk (vae victis), then in Thucydides' representation of The Melian Dialogue (the strong do what they can, the weak suffer what they must) during the Peloponnesian War. Furthermore, this phrase also connotes the rationale for whatever sociopolitical system that happens to dominate society, be it moral authority, religious zeal, legalistic conviction, genetic superiority, democratic plurality, or any other imperative. Prescriptively, the strongest or most dominant element always determines social policy, and therefore cultural norms, in the same way that the victors write the history ... whatever level of proscriptive control or punitive restraint is exercised over divergence or dissent is also a function of that same governance. History has shown that every such system, from ethnarchy and oligarchy to theocracy and gerontocracy, from plutocracy and stratocracy to timocracy and ochlocracy, inevitably becomes corrupt and oppressive, necessitating a change when itself also becomes dysfunctional and self-defeating. The latest iteration of "the will to power" (Nietzsche) is egalitarian technocracy, a pseudo-scientific social Darwinism, that only manifests humanity's obsession with self-delusion. [nb: "But now, instead of discussion and argument, brute force rises up to the rescue of discomfited error, and crushes truth and right into the dust. Might makes right, and hoary folly totters on in her mad career escorted by armies and navies." by Adin Ballou; "Where might is, the right is: / Long purses make strong swords. / Let weakness learn meekness: / God save the House of Lords!" by A.C. Swinburne; "Let us have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let us to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it." by Abraham Lincoln; "Soldiers have many faults, but they have one redeeming merit; they are never worshippers of force. Soldiers more than any other men are taught severely and systematically that might is not right. The fact is obvious. The might is in the hundred men who obey. The right (or what is held to be right) is in the one man who commands them." by G.K. Chesterton; "People believe whatever they want to believe. The sad truth is that being right has never changed anything. Because truth always requires substantiation or enforcement, convention is as good as conviction, plurality is as good as reality, and might is as good as right." anonymous] [nb: "The King's Final Argument" is a phrase that was routinely incised into European cannon barrels from the Renaissance until World War I; typically inscribed in Latin ("Ultima Ratio Regis"; "Utema Rasio Regum"), it means that the greatest weaponry ultimately settles any dispute]
MIGHTY MITE :
a high-powered blower used to force smoke or tear gas (CS) into BUNKER systems and tunnel complexes; sometimes called "mighty mike". See SMOKY BEAR, POP SMOKE.
MIHN OI :
sweetheart in Vietnamese; compare CO, SHACK-JOB, SLEEPING DICTIONARY, CAMPAIGN WIFE, SHORT-TIME, BUTTERFLY.
MIJI :
(mee-gee) acronym for Meaconing, Interference, Jamming, Intrusion, or for Messaging, Interference, Jamming, Intrusion; see MEACONING, TRICK, RUSE DE GUERRE, MUSIC, NOISE, ECM, DECEPTION.
MIKE :
the phonetic letter "M", representing minute (eg: "one-five mikes" = 15 minutes), meter (eg: "two-hundred mikes" = 200 meters), or millimeter (eg: "twenty mike-mike" = 20mm). Also, the word assigned to represent the letter "M" in the international phonetic alphabet; see ALPHABET SOUP, PHONETIC ALPHABET. [v: Alphabet Codes & Signal Flags ]
MIKE-MIKE :
phonetic representation of MAD MINUTE; also of millimeter (@0.001m or 0.03937").
MIKE FORCE :
Mike Force
Mike Force Command
either Mobile Strike Force (MSF) or Mobile Guerrilla Force (MGF), also called STRIKERS; composed of INDIGenous personnel trained as airborne infantry with Special Forces ADVISORs, and used as a reaction force or special mission unit. Headquarters under MIKE FORCE Command (MFC), DET B-55, 5th SFGA. See CSF, BLACKJACK, NECK SCARF; compare GCMA, UNPFK. [nb: not to be confused with RVN's Civillian Defense Force ("Nhan Dan Tu Ve") which was only a part-time MILITIA]
MIL :
abbreviation for MILitary or MILitia (qv). Also, a measurement equal to the angle subtended by 1/6400 of a circumference, or a one-thousandth degree, as derived from Latin "millesimus"; see AZIMUTH, BEARING, COMPASS, HEADING. [nb: the 4 cardinal points are subtended by 32 compass points, which are equivalent to 360 degrees or 6400 mils; as a rule of thumb: 1 mil subtends 1 meter at 1 kilometer] Also, a unit of length equal to 0.001 of an inch (0.0254 mm), or a one-thousandth inch; see PEEPERS, ZERO.
MIL-CRAFT :
expert
any vessel, vehicle, or craft, especially aircraft, meeting military specifications. Also, slang for the body of knowledge and skills necessary to perform in military situations; a talent or forte, knack or bent, and also known as "repertoire" or "skill-set", as derived by analogy to TRADECRAFT, priestcraft, kingcraft, statecraft, stagecraft, campcraft, woodcraft, fieldcraft, etc. See MOS, PMOS, BILLET, BERTH, POI, KISS, TRNG, PRESTRESS, OJT, Q-COURSE, BOLO BADGE, TRASH, OBSTACLE COURSE, CONFIDENCE COURSE, COUNTERINTUITIVE, CROSS-TRAINING, TICKET, RATING, PRO PAY, 3 R's, MIL-SPEAK, TICKET-PUNCHER, SCRAP METAL COLLECTOR.
MILE :
a unit of distance measured on land in English-speaking countries that's equal to 5280 feet, 1760 yards, or 1.609 kilometers; abbreviated 'mi', and formally known as "statute mile"; as derived from Latin (milia passuum) for "a thousand paces". Also, any of various other units of distance at different periods and in different countries, such as Roman mile (approximately 1620 yards or 1480 meters), geographical mile (a minute of longitude on the equator). Compare MIL, NAUTICAL MILE, KNOT, KLICK; see RANGER BEADS.
MILES :
Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System, being a casualty scoring method for use in WAR GAMES and other modern combat simulations. Compare SIM-AMMO, BLANK; see AMMO.
MILICRAT :
contraction of MILItary bureauCRAT, being a military manager who thinks that the Armed Forces [later: Uniformed Services] should operate like a corporation; also known as "gutless wonder" for unwillingness to take risks, and as "ladder monkey" for ambition for promotion by imitation; this "stuffed-shirt" or EMPTY SUIT is sometimes known as "buroid" as a contraction of bureaucratic android, or "militute" as a contraction of military prostitute. See HOMESTEADER, LIFER, OLD BREED, TICKET-PUNCHER, RING-KNOCKER, KHAKI MAFIA, FOLLOW THE DRUM, FAST TRACK, UP OR OUT, MIL-PERS, FLATHEAD, WONK, HONCHO, GADGET, ACTING JACK, BREVET, OFFICER, BRASS HAT, RHIP, SWINE LOG, MIL-SPEC, MIL-SPEAK, BRASS EAR, PARTY LINE, SCRIPTURES, HEADQUARTERISM, WIGGLE ROOM, TAP-DANCER, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, WANGLE, CYA, DODGE THE BULLET, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT, HIC, PYHOOYA, SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS, BLOW SMOKE, HOT AIR, SNOW, PING-PONG, SNOWFLAKE, CONFETTI, ORIFICE, RED TAPE, PAPER BULLET, FORM, REPORT, WHITE PAPER, PM, ZD, NO EXCUSE, VULCANIZE, BOOTSTRAP, PROFESSOR, THE UNHOLY TRINITY, RAINMAKER, WALLAH, SANTA CLAUS, BEAN-COUNTER, ACETATE COMMANDO, CHAIRBORNE, CHAIR FORCE, RHIP, BROWN NOSER, DOG ROBBER, DOGSBODY, PUKE, DELEGATOR, DRONE, AIDE, RAPPORTEUR, STAFF, TASK SATURATION, LOYALTY UP - LOYALTY DOWN, OVERSIGHT, ROUGHSHOD, DOUBLE-DIP. [cf: apparatchik, nomenklatura, eunuch, nabob, nibs; placeholder, chair warmer, time-server, coffee-cooler; checkbook gardener, gentleman farmer, patron of the arts, white knight, fairy godmother, benefactor; meritocrat, technocrat, bureaucrat, theocrat] [nb: "Algerism", an eponym for the politico who was probably the worst Secretary of War in American history, became the national byword for bureaucratic sloath, cronyism, and incompetence, becoming a synonym for venality and ineptitude; after Russell A. Alger, attorney and capitalist, Michigan governor and U.S. Senator, CIVIL WAR Major General and Spanish American War Secretary of War] [nb: every MILICRAT knows that the most dangerous people in the military are not HEROes, but are disgruntled MIL-PERS who are frustrated by MICKEY MOUSE and CHICKEN SHIT, by SNOW and RED TAPE, and having been passed over twice for promotion, are serving their terminal assignment, and because they are honorable men who have not STACKed ARMS, they know that there is nothing that the TICKET-PUNCHERs and RING-KNOCKERs of the KHAKI MAFIA can do to them!]
MILITARISM :
a national policy of maintaining a large military establishment; a policy advocating a strong military. Also, a principle that regards military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state, subordinating all other interests to those of the military.
MILITARIZE / MILITARIZATION :
to equip with armed forces, military supplies, or the like. Also, to imbue with MILITARISM; to make military.
MILITARY :
pertaining to the ARMED FORCES, or "the military establishment", especially when distinguishing the army from the navy; often abbreviated MIL (qv). Also, pertaining to or characteristic of a soldier, the BEARING or DUTY of a MIL-PERS; as derived from MILE (qv). Also, pertaining to WAR or COMBAT.
MILITARY ACADEMY :
a school organized in a manner somewhat resembling the procedures of military life; also known as a "military school". Also, a school that trains prospective officers for military careers, usually as part of a college education; see TRADE SCHOOL. [v: Siwash ("At Good Old Siwash" by George Helgeson Fitch (1911)] [v: kriegsakademie, kriegsschule] [v: "What happens in school stays in school!"] [v: West Point slang ; Military Schools ]
MILITARY ATTACHÉ :
see ATTACHÉ.
MILITARY BRUSH :
one of a pair of matched hairbrushes without handles, which men use in personal grooming; a component of a gentleman's DOPP KIT or DITTY BAG.
MILITARY BUREAUCRAT :
see MILICRAT.
MILITARY CREST :
the distance below the top of a hill or ridge, which varies depending upon the terrain, where personnel or vehicles can move without being silhouetted, and from which the other side can be observed. Sometimes called "shoulder", as distinct from the brink, brim, or brow. See SKYLINE, REVERSE SLOPE. [v: Climbing Terms ]
MILITARY CURRENCY :
a form of 'fiat money' (scrip) that is issued by competent authority as the sole type of LEGAL TENDER circulated for the exchange of goods and services during a specified period, including "invasion currency" and "occupation currency". See MPC, FUNNY MONEY, CANDY, JUICE, THE EAGLE SHITS; compare BAD PAPER, SPIRIT MONEY. [nb: "banana notes", so-called due to the banana tree depicted on its face, were issued by Imperial Japan in countries occupied as part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]
MILITARY DANCES :
the oldest of all dances (eg: Corybantic dances), executed with swords, javelins, and bucklers; and said to have been invented by Minerva to celebrate the victory of the gods over the Titans [in Greek mythology, any of a race of gods (the children of Uranus and Gaea), who lost their supremacy over the world after a great battle with the Olympian gods]. See MORRIS DANCE, WITH BELLS ON, COUNT COUP.
MILITARY FREE-FALL :
see VWT.
MILITARY GRID :
two sets of parallel lines that intersect at right angles so as to form standard-scaled squares, which are superimposed on maps, charts, and other similar representations of the surface of the earth in an accurate and consistent manner, permitting ground locations to be identified, compared, and differentiated as to calculated direction and computed distance; also called 'graticule' or GRID LINES, and forming the basis of the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS).
MILITARY GOVERNMENT :
the administrative rule under MARTIAL LAW of defeated peoples in an OCCUPIED TERRITORY by the military commander of a conquering nation; the practices of MILITARY GOVERNMENT were standardized before WWI at the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907, and form a part of the LAWS OF WAR. See MILITARY GOVERNOR, CONSTABULARY, GARRISON STATE. [nb: Nazi Germany administered occupied countries (such as France, Belgium, Norway, Greece, and Serbia) through a hierarchy of military government headquarters (Kommandaturen); Allied Military Government (AMG) began to function (in Sicily and Italy) in 1943, then was incorporated into the MARSHALL PLAN through CIVIL AFFAIRS AGREEMENTs, which occupations were ended by treaty with Japan in 1951 and Germany in 1955; a new convention covering military occupation was signed in Geneva in 1949]
MILITARY GOVERNOR :
the military commander of a conquering nation who administers MARTIAL LAW for the rule of defeated peoples in an OCCUPIED TERRITORY; the military officer in command of a MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
MILITARY GRADE :
an informal referent that implies a certain level of toughness or ruggedness, durability or reliability; an unofficial qualifier that is supposed to signify "battle-worthiness"; see MIL-SPEC, SNUFF, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK. [nb: "A brontosaurus is a salamander designed to Mil-Spec."] [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX :
the network of a nation's military force together with all of the industries that support it; the collective influence of the Armed Forces, the industries that supply them, and the government entities that regulate them; from a 1961 precautionary speech by Dwight David Eisenhower. See BELTWAY CLERK, SAND CRAB, BELTWAY BANDIT, PORK BARREL, POLITICAL ENGINEERING, YANKEE, UNCLE SAM, SOG, THE ESTABLISHMENT, THE G, POLITICIAN, ACT OF CONGRESS, THE HILL, FOGGY BOTTOM. [nb: "Over grown military establishments are, under any form of government, inauspicious to liberty, and are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty." by George Washington; "In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist." by Dwight D. Eisenhower]
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE :
see MI, INTEL.
MILITARY LAW :
the body of laws relating to the governance of the Armed Forces; the system of rules and regulations that have been established for the control and discipline of military personnel, or any other persons under the jurisdiction of the military, which are administered by military officers or their representative subordinates. See PUNITIVE ARTICLES, ORDER, SOFA, OFFICE HOURS, CAPTAIN'S MAST, ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, UCMJ, MCM, COURT MARTIAL, MARTIAL LAW, MILITARY GOVERNMENT, LAWS OF WAR.
MILITARY MARCH :
a brisk MARCH, especially a rousing one that's suitable for a military procession or pageant; see PARADE, PASS IN REVIEW, NATIONAL MARCH.
MILITARY MIND :
common expression for the professional mind-set that unemotionally evaluates every issue affecting the accomplishment of a crucial mission; a reasonable or rational mind, a trained or mastermind, as "There's no doubt in my military mind that ....". See THE PLAN, COURSE OF ACTION, CAPABILITY, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, FIELD EXPEDIENT, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, EYE-CHECK, HOUSE OF CARDS, RAIN ON PARADE, CONFUSION, SEAT OF THE PANTS, HELMET FIRE, FLAK, STATIC, NOISE, CONFETTI, SNOW, MIND CANDY, HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, BOX HEAD, WHITE ELEPHANT, DANCE CARD, ELEPHANT DANCE, ABSTRACTION, BOYDLOOP, OODALOOP, LAW OF AVERAGES, GAMBLER'S FALLACY, UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, PRINCIPLE OF LEAST FORCE, LEAST RESISTANCE, LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS, LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, LORENTZ CONTRACTION, LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION, PARADIGM SHIFT, OUTSIDE THE BOX.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE COOTIES :
conceived as a "fun and honor society" for the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the USA (VFW) in late 1919 by several members of the Imperial Order of the Dragon (IOD), a higher degree of the United Spanish-American War Veterans (USAWV), it was first opened for membership on 17 September 1920, and made part of the VFW on 24 September 1921. Utilizing a secret three-degree initiation ritual, members are inducted into Pup Tents under the leadership of the Supreme Seam Squirrel, and are kept informed by the Supreme Scratch in a newsletter entitled "Cootie Tickle". See BOY'S CLUB, VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, COOTIE, GRAYBACK, CRAB, COMFORT STATION.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE DEVIL DOGS :
conceived as a "fun and honor society" for members of the Marine Corps League in 1937, with applicant Pups sponsored by two Pedigreed Devil Dogs and interviewed at a Pound Growl; if accepted, the inductee undergoes an initiation ritual. Members wear dog tags on a ribbon (black = Pup, red = Devil Dog, gold = Pedigreed Devil Dog) around their neck, and are organized in Pounds (under a Poundkeeper), Packs (under a Pack Leader), and a Kennel (under the Chief Devil Dog). The Military Order of the Devil Dogs promotes good fellowship among League detachments, and is active in fund-raising for children's hospitals and charities. The name ["teufelhunden"] derives from the Imperial German characterization of the courage and tenacity of the American Marines at the 1918 Battle of Belleau Wood. See BOY'S CLUB, VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, BULLDOG, SNUFFY, LEATHERNECK, MARINE, USMC.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE PURPLE HEART :
a Congressionally chartered association of veterans who have been wounded in action (WIA) and earned at least one Purple Heart (PH) medal; this organization employs service officers to counsel and represent veterans in pension claims with the Veterans Administration (USDVA); see VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, MILLION DOLLAR WOUND, BROKEN-WING SYNDROME, PROFILE, LINE OF DUTY, WHOLE MAN, PAY DUES, PROFESSIONAL VETERAN.
MILITARY PACE :
a single step or stride that's used to coordinate the marching of soldiers in formation, being a distance equal to thirty inches (30"/76cm) for quick time, and three feet (36"/91cm) for double time; see DRILL, THE BIBLE, CADENCE, BY THE NUMBERS.
MILITARY PENTATHLON :
see PENTATHLON.
MILITARY POLICE :
servicemembers who perform regulatory and investigative police duties within the military, especially soldiers in the Army; compare SP, SHORE PATROL, MASTER-AT-ARMS; see MP, AP, POLICE.
MILITARY PRESS :
a sharp horizontal crease at the yoke, with bisecting vertical creases descending, ironed into a military dress shirt or BLOUSE, now only worn by performance drill teams; called "military creases" by Marines, they were sometimes sewn-in for an even more dramatic effect; see CHROME-DOME, SAM BROWNE BELT, MILITARY TUCK, TOY SOLDIER, ASU, DRESS. Also, a physical training exercise for increasing upper-body strength; see PT. [nb: this phrase does not refer to RUMOR, PARTY LINE, PROPAGANDA, or publications, such as YANK or STARS AND STRIPES]
MILITARY SCHOOL :
see MILITARY ACADEMY, TRADE SCHOOL.
MILITARY SCIENCE :
an academic classification for the disciplined course of study on the causative factors and tactical principles of warfare that's undertaken as preparation for military service; a misnomer for military arts and their practices; see DRILL, BY THE BOOK, BY THE NUMBERS, SCHOOL SOLUTION, PRIMROSE PATH, PARTY LINE, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, BRASS EAR, BOX HEAD, MILITARY MIND, TOE THE LINE, ROUTINE, SCRIPTURES. [cf: social science, political science, library science, information science, computer science, domestic science, etc]
MILITARY TAN :
the pattern of tanned skin obtained by outdoorsmen (eg: soldiers, foresters, farmers, etc) who are compelled to wear uniforms or protective clothing; being a sun-tan only on the face, neck, throat, forearms, and hands, leaving the rest of the body untanned. This tan pattern becomes amusingly obvious when the individual changes attire, or is naked. Compare TOC TAN, SAFE HOUSE TAN. [nb: a civilian version of this phenomenon is the "slam tan", which is produced by extended outdoor exposure while wearing protective gear, such as pads for the knees, elbows, and wrists, while engaged in various extreme sports activities]
MILITARY TUCK :
the tightly folded side seams of the uniform shirt that are held in place by properly aligned and buckled trousers, which presents a smooth taut appearance, because military clothing sizes are only approximate at best. The MILITARY TUCK is performed on all uniforms for a good appearance, but tailoring should only be performed on dress uniforms due to diminished range of motion. See GIG LINE, MILITARY PRESS, SAM BROWNE BELT, SPIT 'n' POLISH, CHROME-DOME, TOY SOLDIER.
MILITIA :
that venerable body of "citizen soldiers" (including sailors and airmen) who are enrolled for military service, called out periodically for drill, but serving full time only during war and in declared emergencies; the National Guard or reserve component, as distinguished from a "standing army" of professional soldiers. A "cornstalk" or "broomstick" MILITIA is one without weapons, using simulated arms for drill and training, but otherwise acting as a deterrent by its mere existence or presence. An early prototype was the national militia developed by Philip of Macedon; however, the modern concept of the militia as a defensive organization against invaders grew out of the Anglo-Saxon fyrd, wherein civilians served in times of crisis and then returned to their occupations when the emergency was over. Militias continued through the Middle Ages, declining after the rise of large standing armies, but persist as a philosophical alternative ("citizen soldier") to military careerists (MILICRAT); they're also known as the "territorial reserve" or "special reserve". Also, in the broadest sense, all able-bodied males eligible by law for military service. See WEEKEND WARRIOR, MINUTEMAN, PARAMILITARY, STRIKER, MUSTER DAY, TRAINBAND, DRAFT, DRAFTEE, THE RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS. [cf: fyrd, landsturm; v: pandour] [nb: during WWII, the term "militiaitis" was coined by USMC MG Holland "Howling Mad" Smith to summarize the contemptible condition of reserve units composed of incompetent socialites with obsolete skills, that were oriented toward style over substance and reputation over mission, which needed almost as much (re-)training and (re-)organization as brand new units]
MILITIAMAN / MILITIAMEN :
a person serving in the MILITIA.
MILK RUN :
any ordinary event or routine procedure, especially a safe or secure undertaking in an area otherwise designated as 'hostile' or 'hazardous'; see NO SWEAT, LAUGH A MINUTE, PIECE OF CAKE, WALK IN THE PARK, CAKEWALK, DUCK SOUP, BLUE BALL, ASH 'n' TRASH.
MILLION DOLLAR WOUND :
any combat injury severe enough for medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) but not permanently disfiguring or totally disabling; a means to obtain convalescent LEAVE for recovery, which is why this wound was also called a "hometowner". This wound often elicits a temporary PROFILE for a "light duty" reassignment. The wartime rule for anyone who's earned three PURPLE HEARTs prohibits reassignment to a combat role, but serious professionals subvert this dictum. See LINE OF DUTY, GI BILL, WIA, GSW-TTH, TBI, PINK, PH, DUSTOFF, MEDEVAC, PTSD, CONVERSION SYMPTOMS, PROFILE, MAIM, MUTILATE, WHOLE MAN, DOUBLE-DIP, THE EAGLE SHITS; compare SIW, DOW, KIA. [nb: the MILLION DOLLAR WOUND is often mistaken for acquiring an injury that "hits the benefits' jackpot" or "breaks the VA bank", but it is actually synonymous with a "minor wound", one that can be recuperated from ... a permanent handicap is not something to willingly seek!]
MILLPOND :
a 17-point program, approved by President John F. Kennedy on 9 March 1961, to prepare or improve the US military posture in Laos; also known as OPN MILLPOND. See PEO, WHITE STAR.
MILPER :
MILitary PERsonnel; a servicemember in the Armed Forces or Uniformed Services, a MIL-PERS.
MIL-PERS :
MILitary PERSonnel, or MILitary PERSon; anyone serving in uniform with the Armed Forces [later, Uniformed Services], a servicemember or MILPER; compare SHEEP-DIPPED, see MILICRAT, SWINE LOG, BRASS HAT, BOOT, BIRDMAN, ZOOMIE, GROUND HOG, SQUID, SWABBY, SNUFFY, DOGFACE, CRUNCHY, LEG, SKIRT, GI JANE, GI JOE, WARM BODY, KNUCKLE-DRAGGER, GI. [nb: persons or groups engaged in violent conduct against a duly constituted authority or its designated adherents are not entitled to the protective provisions of domestic or international laws; see MILITIA, MINUTEMAN, PARAMILITARY, MERCENARY, GUERRILLA, INSURGENT, TERRORIST]
MILS / MISLS :
Military Intelligence (Service) Language School, operated at Fort Snelling MN during WWII; see DLI, MI, CIC, YANKEE SAMURAI.
MIL-SPEAK :
military slang and jargon, military lingo. Such bureaucratese or officialese may be compared to Orwellian "doublespeak", and subdivided into "NavSpeak" or "ArSpeak" as a hierarchically multiplex mode of convoluted symbolic parameters and indecipherable synergistic algorithms representative of the transpersonal colloquies and interfaced confirmations essential for redundant bureaucratic authorizations. See TALK TRASH, CONFETTI, SNOW, BLOW SMOKE, RED TAPE, TALK THE TALK, VERNACULAR, BAMBOO ENGLISH, PIDGIN, CREOLE, LINGUA FRANCA, JARGON, ALPHABET SOUP, PIG LATIN, DOG LATIN, POLYGLOT, AAAAAAA. [v: drivel, obfuscation, double-talk, nonsense, bombast, malarkey, claptrap, bunkum, gibber jabber, gibble-gabble, bosh, twaddle, flummery, bafflegab, gobbledygook, tommyrot, balderdash] [nb: Zipf's Law of Linguistics asserts that while a few words in any natural language are used quite often, most words are used infrequently, which statistical observation was first made by George Kingsley Zipf] [nb: "After all, when you come right down to it, how many people speak the same language even when they speak the same language?" by Russell Hoban]
MIL-SPEC :
conforming to MILitary SPECifications for minimum performance or standard quality. The "good enough for government issue" criterion is based upon the lowest cost for all the required features of any procurement. See HALF-ASSED, NSN, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, 100 MPH TAPE, 1000 MPH TAPE, FLASHLIGHT, LIGHT STICK, HOOLIGAN, FLASHBANG, GPS, MUGR, ENVIS, VIPER. [nb: "A brontosaurus is a salamander designed to mil-spec."] [nb: the combat zone is, by definition, a destructive area, so whatever exists there is either disposable, replaceable, or made as cheaply as possible to do the required job; 'superiority' is a shifting objective, a changeable goal that must be factored by time and resources, which is always competing with 'sufficiency'] [cf: faute de mieux (French: for want of something better)] [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MIMEOGRAPH :
formerly a trademark for a small printing machine with an ink-fed drum, around which a cut waxed stencil was placed so that successive sheets of paper could be fed into it for reproduction; available for electrical or manual operation, and readily portable, all ORDERs and CIRCULARs were reproduced by mimeography before computerization. [cf: silkscreen process, xerography, offset lithography]
MIND-BENDER :
see HEADSHRINKER.
MIND CANDY :
slang expression for an improbable course, an absurd proposal, or an unworkable solution; as a vision, prospect, proposition, aspiration, scheme, notion, desire, fancy, dream, fantasy, phantasm, concoction, figment, contrivance, illusion, mirage, chimera, hallucination, reverie, daydream, musing, wishful thinking, brown study, delusion, pipe dream, castles in the air, pie in the sky, will-o'-the-wisp, wisp, ignis fatuus. See COURSE OF ACTION, PLAN B, BAND-AID, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, WIGGLE ROOM, HOUSE OF CARDS, WET DREAM, MAGGOT, WHITE ELEPHANT, BELL THE CAT, WANGLE, FAIRY DUST, MILITARY MIND, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, McNAMARA'S WALL, RAIN ON PARADE.
MINDER :
by shortening of reminder, being someone who serves as an attendant or acts as an escort, especially for civilians or other guests while they're visiting secure facilities or military installations; compare AIDE. Also, slang for a personal protector or BODYGUARD; see PDS, PSD.
MIND-SET :
see THE ARMY WAY, MIL-SPEC, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, PARTY LINE, ZOMBIE, ZERO TOLERANCE, LAW OF AVERAGES, GAMBLER'S FALLACY, UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, PRINCIPLE OF LEAST FORCE, LEAST RESISTANCE, LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS, LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, PARADIGM SHIFT, BOYDLOOP, SCHOOL SOLUTION, BOX HEAD, HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, MILITARY MIND, NIH (Not Invented Here), REINVENT THE WHEEL, DOUBLE STANDARD.
MINE :
usually subdivided into automatic and command detonated, then further categorized as Anti-Personnel (aP) and Anti-Tank (AT) or Anti-Vehicle, and classified as standardized or improvised construction; also known as an "egg", as well as CLAYMORE, BOUNCING BETTY, TOE-POPPER, PETARD, CAMOUFLET, CAISSON, DEVIL'S GARDEN, LSM, CAPTOR, FISH. See EOD, EFP, UDT, IED, MOTHER OF SATAN, LO DUN, TU DAI, INFLUENCE MINE, ALPHA-ALPHA, BOOBY-TRAP, DET CORD, CLACKER, TRIPWIRE, TRIGGER, EXPLODER, INFLUENCE PISTOL, SAPPER, COCKTAIL, SOUP, CHARGE, EXPLOSIVE, BOMB, FANFARE, PARAVANE, RAMICS, MUSETTE, MINEFIELD, MINESWEEPER, COUNTER-MINE. [nb: the Chinese first used iron-cased land mines in AD 1277, modified the casement to bamboo and converted the "ground thunder" mines to self-tripping automatic triggers by 1412, and self-detonating mines were made by 1573 ... mine craft arrived in Europe by technomigration in 1403.]
MINE DETECTOR :
(forthcoming); aka: metal detector; AN/PRS-4 - Mine detector used by combat engineers; compare FALL GUY [nb: "Every foot soldier can be a mine detector ... once."]
MINEFIELD :
(forthcoming); see GUINEA-PIG [nb: "Any ship can be a mine sweeper ... once."]
MINIGUN :
a light (85#; complete assembly weighs a third less than one M-2 heavy MG) but effective six-barrel machinegun (MG) of 7.62mm caliber that's able to fire by barrel rotation (similar to old Gatling Gun) at rates of 2,000-4,000 rounds per minute; first made by General Electric in 1960. Because the MINIGUN (variously M-134, GAU-17/A, GAU-2B) is electrically operated, it is almost always mounted on-board a vessel, aircraft, or assault vehicle, such as SPOOKY, SPECTRE, DRAGON SHIP, GO-GO SHIP, COBRA, etc. Firing the MINIGUN produces a distinctive MOAN 'n' GROAN sound, so it is also known as a MOANING MINI. See HOSE, VULCAN, DUSTER, DOVER DOG, BOFORS. [v: "gat", slang derived from Gatling gun, referred to any machinegun, then any portable or compact machinegun, and finally to a pistol]
MINI-POUNDER :
small RADAR transmitter used to mark locations on the ground for radar-carrying aircraft.
MINISUB :
a small submarine, holding only one or a few persons, as used in naval special operations, underwater explorations, or when conducting underwater experiments; a contraction of MINIature SUBmarine, and also called "midget sub". See GIGGLES 'n' BANGS, PRESSURE HULL, MOTHER SHIP, SUBMARINE; compare SDV,AUV, ROV. [nb: a 2-man version, sized about 6' by 70', used during WWII by the Imperial Japanese Navy was identified as a Special Purpose Submarine, and was transported (PIGGYBACKed) on deck behind the CONNING TOWER of a full sized sub (MOTHER SHIP), before being occupied and launched into action] [cf: bathyscape/bathyscaphe]
MINUTEMAN :
an American intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) with three stages that's powered by solid-propellant rocket engines; see MISSILE. Also, a member of a group of American militiamen just before and during the Revolutionary War who held themselves in readiness for instant military service; see AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Also, a member of a small, secretive, ultraconservative organization that formed into armed groups for the declared purpose of conducting GUERRILLA WARFARE against a communist invasion of the United States; compare MILITIA, WEEKEND WARRIOR, PARAMILITARY, COUNTER-GUERRILLA, COUNTERINSURGENCY. [cf: fyrd, landsturm]
MIRV :
(murv) acronym for Multiple Independently-targetable Reentry Vehicle, being the WAR NOSE on a MISSILE that carries several nuclear WARHEADs, each of which can be directed to a different target during the return of the ROCKET from outer space into the earth's atmosphere; also represented as "M.I.R.V."
MIS :
(m-i-s) Military Intelligence Service, established September 1941 in cooperation with the Defense Language School (later redesignated the Military Intelligence Language School) for training INTEL specialists who could translate documents and interrogate prisoners in order to acquire and assess military information. Military Intelligence Service members, called "MISers" (m-i-s-ers), comprised about 6,000 Japanese-American interpreters, being Neisei, Kibei, and Sansei citizens, who were attached for temporary duty (TDY) to combat units in the Pacific, China-Burma-India, and European theaters of operation. The MIS translation / interrogation intel element assigned to OSS Det 101 operating in the CBI theater with "rebel" GUERRILLAs was nicknamed "Dixie" for this association with "confederates" for shared objectives. During the final year of WWII in the Pacific theater, the MIS published a Japanese language newspaper that was called "Parachute News" because it was delivered to Imperial forces and civilians by AIRDROP from B-29s in an effort to counter the anti-American PARTY LINE with WHITE PROPAGANDA and encouragements to surrender. See DLI, CIC, MI, PURPLE HEART BATTALION, LOST BATTALION.
MISANTHROPY :
the detestation, dislike, or distrust of humankind ... a not unreasonable viewpoint, albeit pessimistic, for adherents of the warrior ethos; see KILL 'EM ALL, MASSACRE, BUTCHER'S BILL, WARMONGER, TRIGGER-HAPPY, BOUNCE THE RUBBLE, BOMB 'EM BACK TO THE STONE AGE, DOOMSDAY, OVERKILL, KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT, GENOCIDE, ATROCITY. [v: misogyny, misandry, phobia, -ophobe (zenophobe); cf: counterphobic]
MISERY INDEX :
an unofficial indication of the nation's economic health, a sum derived by adding the percentage rate of inflation to the percentage of unemployed workers; being a catch-phrase used by free-enterprisers to characterize the repressive taxation and obstructive policies of the Carter Administration during the post-Vietnam era.
MISFIRE :
the failure to properly fire or explode, as a primer or propellant that malfunctions in whole or in part; see DUD, FIZZLE, DEACTIVATE, EOD, CARTRIDGE, SHELL, CHARGE, EXPLOSIVE. [nb: this term has often been misused to indicate the accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm] [v: Firearms Glossary ] Also, the failure of an internal-combustion engine to ignite properly or to run consistently. Also, a failure to achieve the intended result or the desired effect. Also, a euphemism for inadvertent or premature ejaculation during foreplay, thus inhibiting the consummation of sexual intercourse; an analogy based upon the incapacity of a CARTRIDGE or SHELL.
MISREP :
the Joint Tactical Air Reconnaissance/Surveillance MISsion REPort, being a preliminary report of information from tactical reconnaissance aircrews rendered by designated debriefing personnel immediately after landing, and dispatched prior to the compilation of the Initial Photo Interpretation Report; providing a summary of the route conditions, observations, and aircrew actions, identifying sensor products. See SITREP, SPOT REPORT.
MISS LACE :
see MALE CALL, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.
MISSILE :
any weapon that's thrown, shot, launched, or otherwise propelled at a target, such as a GRENADE, bullet, torpedo (FISH), guided ROCKET (steer after launch), or ballistic ROCKET (no power or no guidance after launch); including AAM, ABM, AGM, ALCM, AMRAAM, ASRAAM, ATGM, Atlas, AVENGER, CHAPARRAL, CORKSCREW, CRUISE, FOG-M, HARM, Harpoon, HAWK (HA), Hellfire, Hercules (HE), Honest John (HJ), Hound Dog, ICBM, IDAS, JASSM, JAVELIN, Jupiter, LAW, LGM, Little John (LJ), MANPADS, MAVERICK, MINUTEMAN, MIRV, MLRS, MOAB, Nike-Hercules (NH), PATRIOT, Peacekeeper, PERSHING (PE), PGM, PHOENIX, POLARIS, POSEIDON, PREDATOR, Quail, RED EYE, RPG, RR, SAM, SCORPION, Sergeant (SG), SHILLELAGH, SHRIKE, SIDEWINDER, SKY STREAK, SLAM, SNARK, SPARROW, SPARTAN, SRAM, STEALTH HAWK, STINGER, STRIKER, TACIT RAINBOW, Thor, Titan, TLAM, TOMAHAWK, TOW, TRIDENT, WOLVERINE, ZUNI, and 2.75 "rocket" (diameter of the side- or pod-mounted MISSILEs carried on all older "B" model HUEY gunships and the newer Cobras). Enemy large-caliber "rockets" at 122mm, 140mm. "Stalin's Organ" was nickname for WWII mobile "rocket" launchers [cf: "Screaming MeMe" and "Moaning Mini" at WHIZ BANG and WHISTLER]. See AA, AAA, ATACMS, DDG, DRONE, DOODLEBUG, BOXCAR CHARLIE, SHERIDAN, WARHEAD, E-WARHEAD, PAYLOAD, DOGHOUSE, DRUMFIRE, SALVO, VOLLEY, SLBM, CWI, CATAPULT, SHERWOOD FOREST, SILO, BLOCKHOUSE, IRON HAND, WILD WEASEL, EGADS BUTTON, MISSILE GAP. [nb: The Chinese invented a two-stage ignition rocket in AD 1150, which achieved increased thrust and velocity by choking the exhaust (later called the "Venturi Effect"), with a range of over 1800yds, and was used during battle in 1206. On 16 March 1926, Robert Hutchings Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket.] [nb: "What's the sense of sending $2million missiles to hit a $10 tent that's empty?" by George W. Bush (13 September 2001)]
MISSILE GAP :
a pre-Vietnam era catch-phrase for a lag in the technical sophistication or productive development between one nation's defensive armamentarium relative to that of competing countries.
MISSILEMAN :
someone who works on, launches, or operates guided MISSILEs; also known as "missileer". [nb: INDIGenous peoples have nicknamed the shoulder-fired version of this weapon an "arrow", and designate the missileer who fires it as "archer" or "bowman"]
MISSILE PLOT :
the missile system fire control computer room aboard ship; see GUN PLOT.
MISSING MAN FORMATION :
a symbolic PARADE formation of marching soldiers or flying aircraft where a prominent gap in the arrangement represents a comrade who has died on active duty service to his country. This overflight or passing formation also represents the enduring commitment of the others to continue to march, to CARRY ON the mission. The accountability FLYOVER first became a tribute when performed for the funeral of King George V by the RAF in 1935, and in 1938 at the funeral of MG Oscar Westover by the USAAC, but the first MISSING MAN FORMATION was flown at Japan's Johnson Field in Nov 1951 to recognize the death of a fighter pilot in the KOREAN WAR. As with the burial of USAF GEN Hoyt Vandenberg in April 1954, the KOREAN WAR had made this a new "traditional" practice to be observed by militaries worldwide. "The McConnell Story", a Warner Brothers movie about the death of test pilot Captain Joseph McConnell in 1954, prominently featured the MISSING MAN FORMATION overflight, both the simple vacancy and the dramatic vertical pull-out, captivating an even larger audience. Paramilitary and civilian usurpation of this practice includes parachutists in Canopy Relative Work (CRW) or FREE-FALL formations, antique aircraft and classic automobiles paraded past the mourners, sometimes using colored smoke or lights for special effects, which celebratory display is never done at military funerals. See TAPS, MEMORIAL DAY, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, POW-MIA DAY, TROOP THE LINE, PASS IN REVIEW; compare VETERANS' DAY.
MISSION :
a specific task that one or more persons is assigned to accomplish, often in a limited time; an operation that's designed to carry out the goals of a particular plan or program; see OBJ, OPN, BALL GAME, DUTY, RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE), LAWS OF WAR, THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, WATCH MY SMOKE, FOLLOW ME, CHARGE, STORM. Also, a group of persons sent to a foreign country to conduct negotiations, establish relations, provide technical assistance, or the like, especially the establishment of a diplomatic embassy abroad. [v: portfolio]
MISSION CREEP :
the tendency to extend the purpose of a program, to expand the intent of a project, or to exceed the original boundaries of an operation, putting the participants into difficult or unforeseen circumstances, and causing the goals to change; it is the process by which military operations morph into paramilitary operations, such as combat elements performing civic action and humanitarian aid, or vice versa. Although this expression was first used (1993) to describe the multiplication of military projects for each overseas peacekeeping commitment (eg: Somalia, Bosnia, Iraq, etc), it has since been retroactively applied to earlier interventions (eg: Vietnam, Haiti, El Salvador, etc) when describing similar expansions of assignment. Among ambitious politicians and enterprising directors, there's an understandable tendency to attempt a redoubling of success by adding extra or compound commitments, but this maximization effort generally spirals out of control, making the objectives unattainable, often jeopardizing the original achievement. This tendency to widen or deepen the scope of any task is a regrettable reflection of the super-utilization concept that confuses specialized success with generalized success ... not only is a jack-of-all-trades not a master, but penny wise is pound foolish ... the proper way to expand the mission is to expand the performance base. See GRADUATED RESPONSE, FLEXIBLE RESPONSE, SWEEP, COMBINED ARMS; compare CONTAINMENT. [v: optimum treatment versus negative relapse]
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE :
the modern equivalent of 'forlorn hope' as performed by 'enfants perdus' ("lost children"), being a highly romanticized depiction that was represented by the popular Vietnam-era namesake TV program featuring fantastic resolutions to extraordinary scenarios; such fiction was formerly represented as "in like Flynn" (after Errol Flynn, the swashbuckling Australian actor) for those emphatic or dramatic feats of derring-do that were staged for WWII-era adventure films. See BELL THE CAT, BITTER END, SNOWBALL, SUICIDE SQUAD, AUTOTOMY, MOCK-HEROIC, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.
MISSION READY :
synonym for COMBAT LOADED, and sometimes known as "mission capable", being briefed and equipped for a specific operation; frequently applied to helicopters and their crew, but universally understood as GOOD TO GO for each OP TEMPO period; see CHAMP AT THE BIT, SPIN-UP, LOADOUT, BATTAILOUS.
MISTAKE :
see FOUL-UP / FOULED-UP, GLITCH, SNIVITZ, SNARK, BUG, GREMLIN, STANDARD ERROR, PROBABLE ERROR, PLAN B, SEAT OF THE PANTS. [nb: it's a Murphy Law of Combat that: "Everything breaks, breaks-down, or wears-out."]
MISTER :
the proper title of address for Warrant Officers (WO) in all branches, and for Naval officers below the RANK of Commander (O-5), as derived from master, as an indication of skill; see CHIEF, OFFICER. Also used informally or pejoratively when addressing a CRUIT or CADET about his unmilitary or unskillful performance; thus categorizing him with other nugatory civilians. [nb: similar contranym is SOLDIER as either fugleman or shirker]
MISTER CLEAN :
designation for jet Forward Air Controllers; see FAC, CAS.
MITCHELL :
B-25 twin-engined light bomber flown in all theaters during WWII, and still used during the VIETNAM WAR; sixteen B-25 light bombers took-off from the flight deck of an aircraft carrier on 18 April 1942 under the command of James H. Doolittle to strike Tokyo in reprisal for the Pearl Harbor raid by Imperial Japan. See AIR COMMANDO, compare LIBERATOR.
MITE :
any of various small to microscopic arachnids, including species that are parasitic on animals and plants or that feed on decaying matter and stored foods; see FLEA, COOTIE, GRAYBACK, CRAB, BEDBUG, COMFORT STATION [cf: chigoe, chigger, jigger, sand flea, beach flea]. Also, any very small creature or thing. Also, any very small sum of money; as derived from an ancient copper coin [myte] of very little value; see LEGAL TENDER.
MITIGATE / MITIGATION :
to make milder or more gentle; to lessen in severity; to mollify. Also, to lessen in force or intensity, as when making a harsh punishment less severe; derived from 'calm', 'soften', or 'soothe'. Compare NO EXCUSE; see COURT MARTIAL.
MIXMASTER :
nickname of the Kaman HH-43 heavy-lift HUSKY helicopter. Also, nickname of the Cessna O-2 SKYMASTER, a fixed-wing STOL aircraft. Also, nickname of the Douglas XB-42 experimental bomber.
MK1 / M-1 :
see Mark 1 / Mark I.
MK19-3 :
a belt-fed, blowback-operated, and air-cooled automatic 40mm grenade machinegun (@72.5#) that was developed (1983) to deliver decisive firepower against enemy personnel and lightly armored vehicles to an effective range of 2200m, replacing the Browning M-2 heavy machinegun as the primary suppressive weapon in vehicle-mounted combat support operations. Compare DOVER DOG.
MK2 / M-2 KNIFE :
designation (Mark 2 / Mark II) for the clip-pointed, single-edged, bowie-style, fighting utility knife issued by the U.S. Navy from 1942 as a more practical replacement for the Mk1 / M-1 TRENCH KNIFE; commonly called a KABAR (qv), regardless of manufacturer. [ie: USMC Mark 2 Knife, Fighting Utility; and U.S. Navy Utility Knife, Mark 2]
MLG :
Marine Logistics Group.
MLR :
Main Line of Resistance; also known as "main line of defense"; being a standard term in conventional warfare for a FRONT LINE or FLOT designated at the Forward Edge of the Battle Area (FEBA) for the purpose of coordinating all mutually supporting fire, including TAC-AIR and naval gunfire; but does not include the areas utilized by COVERing or SCREENing forces. It's use in a COUNTERINSURGENCY combat zone without static borders or defensive boundaries is indicative of a counterproductive military mind-set See FCSL, TIED-IN, ANCHOR, REFUSE, OBJECTIVE AREA, DMZ, UW; compare MSR.
MLRS :
Multiple Launch Rocket System; see ROCKET, MISSILE.
MMA :
abbreviation for Mixed Martial Arts, being a sanctioned fighting style of hand-to-hand combat that is less doctrinaire than the traditional disciplines, combining techniques from several schools in order to maximize the effectiveness of "no holds barred" close combat ... a methodology developed in the post-Vietnam era as a competitive sport (involving aspects of boxing and wrestling, karate and judo) but primarily focused on surviving (if not besting) a deadly threat in real life situations. See MARTIAL ART, JAP SLAPPER, TWO-FISTED, KNUCKLE SANDWICH, BOK-BOK, BATS 'n' HATS, ON GUARD, EQUALIZER, AT CLOSE QUARTERS, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE (CQB), ALL'S FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR.
M-9 PISTOL :
M-9 9mm pistol
the standard military sidearm, known as a "Personal Defense Weapon", issued to aviators, policemen, and crew-served weapons crewmen, replacing the M-1911A1 (.45cal) pistol and the Smith & Wesson (.38cal) revolver; it's basically a Beretta model 92F pistol firing the 9mm NATO round. A lightweight, semiautomatic, double-action pistol, with redundant safety features, the M-9 is reputedly more lethal and safer than its predecessors; but its adoption was principally spawned by the need to accommodate female marksmen (eg: smaller frame, less recoil, lighter weight, more ammo), in a mandatory initiative to standardize DoD with NATO, and to field one handgun for all United States armed services. The M-9 pistol has a staggered 15-round magazine, may be fired double or single action without a magazine inserted, and can be unloaded or decocked without activating the trigger. See UP-GUN, PISTOL. [nb: "The M-9 is the ultimate in feminine protection!"] [nb: although the 9mm cartridge is alleged to be "as good" or "better" than the older calibers (.38spl / .45ACP), bullet size and ballistic performance do not substantiate this claim; the 9mm (.35433cal) is smaller than both the .38spl (.355cal) and .357mag (.357 - .361 depending upon manufacturer), and much more under powered than either the special or magnum loads; the .45cal remains the best ammo for close combat, and either .22LR or .22mag is still preferred for execution / assassination ... it has been said that the underpowered 9mm is just a .45cal set on stun!]
MNVD :
Monocular Night Vision Device; see VIPER.
MOA :
Military Operations Area, or Military Operational Area, being a restricted zone or region that is exclusive to military forces for the period of an exercise or test, with civilian access prohibited by land, sea, or air for the duration; compare AO, TO, AOR, OA, TAOR, CHOP LINE, UA.
MOAB :
(mow-ab) Massive Ordnance Airburst Bomb, or Massive Ordnance Air Blast; being a satellite-guided MISSILE that generates a mushroom cloud; with the acronym widely re-interpreted as the "Mother Of All Bombs".
MOAFU :
literally "Mother Of All Fuck Ups", or more euphemistically as "... foul ups"; see FUCK-UP, FUCKED-UP, CLUSTER FUCK, WTFO, SOL, BOHICA.
MOAN 'n' GROAN :
the distinctive sound of MINIGUN or VULCAN machinegun firing; see SPRAY, HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, MAD MINUTE. Also, the incessant complaints of wimps and whiners, of thumbsuckers and wusses, of crybabies and weaklings; see REMF, CLERKS 'n' JERKS, WANNABE, CANDY-ASS, POGUE, PENCIL PUSHER, ACETATE COMMANDO, CHAIRBORNE, FOBBIT, TOCROACH, BARRACKS LAWYER, SEA LAWYER, YARDBIRD, DUD; compare SUCK IT UP.
MOANING MINI :
see MOAN 'n' GROAN, MINIGUN, VULCAN; WHIZ BANG, WHISTLER, BOXCAR CHARLIE, DOODLEBUG. [nb: hysteria is also known as the "screaming-meemies"]
THE MOG :
(maug) slang phrase referring to Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia (Somali Democratic Republic), where the multinational peacekeeping mission was headquartered during 1992-5. See RESTORE HOPE, SKINNY, AD HOC, THE MED, THE GULF, ABSURDISTAN, THE STANS; compare THE ROOT, THE NAM.
MOB :
Main Operations Base; being a joint special operations command and support facility established in FRIENDLY territory by a component commander to provide sustained administrative and logistical support to special operations activities in designated areas; compare FOB, AOB, FSB, CP, JUMP CP, CAMP, BASE CAMP, BASE.
MOBI-MAT :
a portable (removable and re-usable) rollout access pathway for vehicles and pedestrians that's relatively lightweight and maintenance-free; it has a rigid corrugated surface that provides a safe, flexible and visible pathway that's very durable and "environmentally friendly". The MOBI-MAT, a brand name that's also spelled "Mobi Mat", is used by agriculture and construction, public utilities and emergency services, as well as by forward deployed units of the military as a passageway to vulnerable, inappropriate, or otherwise inaccessible areas, including mud and bog areas, boat ramps and riverbeds, glaciers and beaches, snow and sand fencing, aircraft recovery and portable landing pads, and access for military tactical mobility. The MOBI-MAT can rapidly create a durable roadway that's impervious to weather and will not cause erosion. Available in three configurations, each pegged into place, specific to vehicular or foot traffic; twelve MOBI-MATs, weighing just over two tons, can be arranged to form a helicopter landing pad in a couple of hours. See FARP, PETROL, POL, DEPOT, DUMP, TREADWAY BRIDGE; compare MARSDEN MATTING, PSP, HELIPAD, RUNWAY, GANGWAY, DUCKBOARDS.
MOCHA :
slang for military coffee, also known as joe, mud, sludge, washy, belly-wash, jamoke, java, espresso, brew, black water, brown blood, boiler acid, battery acid, and nectar of the gods; see GI JOE.
MOCK CHICKEN :
minced veal, pork, or other "mystery meat", molded onto a stick or skewer so that it somewhat resembles a chicken leg, then breaded and braised; also called "city chicken". See SLIDER, CAMEL BURGER, BOXED NASTY, HORSE COCK, CRITTER FRITTER, CAVALRY STEAK, SEA LEGS, SLOP, GUT BOMB, WASH, WAD, CHOW, BEANS, RATIONS.
MOCK-COMBAT / MOCK-BATTLE :
a structured competition that tests and measures both individual proficiency and unit effectiveness by staging simulated battlefield scenarios with stipulated time and space restrictions; such a realistic (albeit non-lethal) examination differs from a field training exercise in both its complexity and intensity ... and in its purposeful application, is the only relatively "safe arena" where the textbook or "school solution" may be practically refined or experimentally challenged without disastrous consequences. See DRY RUN, EXERCISE, THE PLAN, FIELD EXPEDIENT, PLAN B, WIGGLE ROOM, GAMBIT, DOUBLE DUTCH, PARTY LINE, BOX HEAD, PRIMROSE PATH, MILITARY MIND, TOE THE LINE, SCRIPTURES, FTX, JRTC, NTC, RED FLAG, PAINTBALL, WAR GAMES, UMPIRE, REFEREE, TRAIN HARD - FIGHT EASY, PLAY THE GAME, SNAKE PIT, DUEL, ORDEAL, OPFOR, CAPABILITY, COMBAT EFFECTIVE, COURSE OF ACTION, SHOW THE FLAG, FLOWER WAR, BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. [nb: such contests, formerly known as festivals or fiestas, have existed since the medieval era to demonstrate common skills and to exemplify social values; v: joust, tournament]
MOCK-HEROIC :
to burlesque or parody heroic acts or manners by an amplified imitation thereof, so as to ridicule the character of heroes and the traits of heroism; a counterfeit or caricature of heroism, being a literary form in which minor players, insignificant subjects, or trivial events are satirized by exaggeration and elevation, as when treated with false solemnity and sham ceremony. See TRAINED KILLER, BTDT; compare VALOR, BRAVERY, COURAGE, WINTER SOLDIER, QUIET PROFESSIONAL, HERO.
MOCKTAIL / MOCK-TAIL :
a mixed drink containing no booze or liquor, especially those served in establishments where the prevailing community standard opposes alcoholic beverages; derived as a truncation of mock-cocktail. Compare SAIGON TEA, IRISH SODA POP; see WASH, HOOCH, GROG, BREW, THE DRINK. [v: Virgin Mary, Cinderella, Shirley Temple, Davy Crockett, Roy Rogers, Pilgrim's Punch, etc]
MOCK-UP :
a testing or teaching model, usually full-size, such as an aircraft fuselage or prison camp building; see TRAIN HARD - FIGHT EASY, DON'T DO NOTHING, KILL HOUSE, WAR GAMES, DUMMY. [cf: "folly" as a useless structure built as an extravagance or indulgence]
MODES 'n' CODES :
rhyming slang for the Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) transponder codes broadcast (SQUAWK) by aircraft; the transponder code settings for radios that identify different aircraft in flight.
MOGAS :
MOtor vehicle GASoline, supplied as low-octane military-grade fuel; see PETROL, POL, JUICE, TOP-OFF, REDNECK CREDIT CARD.
MOHAWK :
a twin turboprop, two-seat U.S. Army aircraft fitted with cameras, RADAR, and infrared (IR) sensors and designed to monitor enemy operations; the Grumman OV-1 observation / RV-1 radio/RADAR reconnaissance aircraft; see BIRD. Also, a haircut in which the head is shaved bare, except for a brush-like strip of blunt hair running down the center of the scalp from the forehead to the nape of the neck; also called "roach" or "hog", being a hairstyle made famous by a tribe of the Iroquoian Five Nations, and commonly worn during training exercises (FTX) by members of the opposition force (OPFOR); see BUZZ, WHITE WALLS, HIGH 'n' TIGHT, FLATTOP, FLATHEAD; compare RELAXED GROOMING STANDARDS.
MOHINGA :
a popular Burmese breakfast food available from street vendors and in restaurants, whose ingredients vary with the season, being a thick fish and rice noodle soup that's seasoned with Garlic, onions, lemon grass, cilantro (coriander), ginger, fish sauce, crumbled chickpea fritters, crushed dried chillies, and a squirt of lime juice.
MOIRA :
as the personification of fate among ancient Greeks, a person's destiny. [v: fate, fortune, destiny, joss, karma, kismet, predestination, weird; che sarà sarà ("what will be, will be"); que sera, sera ("whatever will be, will be"); cf: appointment in Samarra] [v: alea jacta est (Latin: the die is cast)] [nb: "You only live twice -- once when you are born, once when you look death in the face." by Ian Fleming (1964)]
MOJITO :
a Cuban highball of white rum and sparkling water that's accented by lime juice, mint, and sugar cane syrup; its origin is attributed to Francis Drake, and the name purportedly derives from either 'mojado' (little wet, as with sparkling water) or 'mojo' (magic spell) ... a Marine Corps tradition has any available alcohol that's mixed with fruit juice and soda water as being so-called. See BREW, HOOCH, GROG, JUICE, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, GUSTO.
MOJO :
intuition or extrasensory perception, a prescient or presentiment feeling; a foreknowledge of danger or a foreboding of harm; as derived from the word for the personal magnetism of a VOODOO medicine man, practiced in the art of divination, casting spells, or creating magic charms (amulet or talisman). Term also spelled "mo-jo", and also known as "juju" or "grigri"; but not to be confused with getting a "combat itch" or "battle twitch", or becoming "nervous in the service", which are forms of anxiety, jitters, or fright. A person with MOJO is often calm, composed, and calculating. Its conjuring is sometimes dismissed as 'experience', except that MOJO is not quantifiable ... a person knows, but usually does not know how he knows what he knows. See HOODOO, SPIDER SENSE, COLD ZERO, ABRACADABRA, JOSS STICK, TIGER BALM, PASSWORD, FAIRY DUST, SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS. Also, an alcoholic concoction that's intended to be powerful rather than tasteful; an extemporaneous drink designed to alter consciousness; see HOOCH, BREW, GROG, SPLICE THE MAINBRACE, GROUP TIGHTENER, SUNDOWNER, HATCH, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, JUICE. [v: mojito]
MOLE :
undercover operative or espionage agent; see SECRET AGENT, SPOOK, CREEP, CRYPTO, SLEEPER, INVISIBLE, PROVOCATEUR, FIX, THROW-AWAY, STOOGE. [v: intelligencer] Also, a BREAKWATER, groyne/groin, or jetty used to form or protect an anchorage or harbor, to reinforce or protect a pier or quay; see WHARF.
MOLLE :
(mollie) acronym for MOdular Lightweight Load-bearing Equipment, or MOdular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment, which was introduced in 1997, deriving its modularity from the grid-work system of straps that permits various pouch and gear arrangements, including load-bearing vest (LBV) and CamelBak-style CANTEEN (with sipping tube) built into the backpack (RUCK / RUCKSACK). Although MOLLE is proprietary to Natick research labs, any load-bearing arrangement that incorporates a modular grid-work system, regardless of manufacture or application, employs MOLLE and PALS generically ... non-military designs are proliferating in the civilian market. See ALICE, PALS, ILBE, CLIP, WEB GEAR.
MOLOTOV COCKTAIL :
a crude incendiary device, usually consisting of a petrol-filled bottle corked by a wick, which is ignited just before throwing; also called a "bush cocktail". The combustible contents may be made adhesive or jellied by various additives, such as detergent or oil. Eponymous derivation from Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (Skryabin) Molotov, the Russian commissar of foreign affairs. See IED, GAMMON GRENADE, NAPALM, FLAMETHROWER, SOUP, COCKTAIL.
M-1 / MK1 :
see Mark 1 / Mark I.
M1A1 / M-1A1 :
universal designation for the first revised or improved version of the basic issue of some (unspecified) military materiel, weapon or vehicle, implement or instrument, gear or clothing, device or other item; see EYE-BALL.
M-1941 LMG :
the .30cal Johnson model light machinegun, or JOHNNY-GUN.
M-1911A1 PISTOL :
see JOHN WAYNE RIFLE, PISTOL.
MONASTERY :
see WAT, ANGKOR WAT, NHA THO, JOSS STICK, FOO DOG.
MONEY :
see LEGAL TENDER, MPC, CANDY, JUICE, BLACK BAG, HONEY POT, SLUSH FUND, CUMSHAW, FUNNY MONEY, BAD PAPER, SPIRIT MONEY, BENSON SILK, CHARGE, CHIT, HARD TIMES TOKEN, THE EAGLE SHITS, SALARY, BP, PRO PAY, FIELD ALLOWANCE, UA, BAQ, BAH, SEPARATE RATS, SDP, TSP, DOUBLE-DIP, GOLDEN SHOWER, PORK BARREL.
MONEY SHOT :
a catch-phrase meaning "on the spot" or "on the target", as used when shooting indirect fire MORTARs or artillery (ARTY); this expression is applied to the final marking round or the last ranging shot in a FIRE MISSION before ordering the Fire Direction Center (FDC) to fire for effect (FFE) ... this expression is used because artillery fire missions are very expensive (about $150,000 each) so getting on target as quickly as possible is cost-effective. The MONEY SHOT is also expressed as "on the money", "right on the money", "dead on the money", and is derived from the practice of marking the BULL'S-EYE in archery prize competitions with a coin. Although this phrase also enjoys currency in photography where it represents the most lucrative image ("money-making shot") due to being most impressive or memorable, its application to pornographic "blue movies" (aka: cum shot) is lately being devulgarized for use in all media ... which is unrelated to its MIL-SPEAK sense. [nb: MONEY SHOT is not a gambling allusion] [cf: sweet spot]
MONGO :
a basic monetary unit of currency for the Mongolian People's Republic, equal to one-hundredth part of the TUGRIK; see LEGAL TENDER.
MONGOLIAN FOLD :
(epicanthus / epicanthic fold) see SLANT-EYE.
MONGOLIAN HOT POT :
a stew-like dish of sliced meat, seafood, and vegetables cooked together in hot broth and seasoned with a hot sauce, often prepared in a clay pot; compare CHOW MEIN, CHOP SUEY, LO MEIN, GENERAL TSO'S CHICKEN; see CHOW, BEANS, RATIONS.
MONGOLIAN SPOT :
a developmental birthmark, both benign and transient, of irregular shape and variously colored (ie: blue, blue-gray, bluish green, blue-black, or reddish brown), which is present in both sexes but usually disappears between infancy and puberty; a pigmented sacral spot (dermal melanocytosis) that denotes genetic lineage among the Mongols, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Siamese, Malay, Polynesian, Micronesian, Indonesian, Indian, Turkish, East African, Spanish, Caribbean, MesoAmerican, mestizo Indian, Eskimo, Inuit, Inupiak, AmerIndian, Mayan, Peruvian, and other non-European peoples. Having a "blue butt" ('shiri ga aoi') is a Japanese idiom for immaturity or inexperience; and the Koreans attribute the mark to a bruise caused by the slap given by a shamanic spirit ('samshin halmi') to the baby's behind as an incentive to leave the mother's womb.
MONGOOSE :
CODENAME for overt military plans and covert operations scheduled by the Kennedys against Castro and Cuba during the early Vietnam-era, formulated between the failed Bay of Pigs INVASION (April 1961) and the Cuban Missile Crisis (22 Oct - 20 Nov 1962).
MONKEY BRIDGE :
see FLYING BRIDGE. Also, see FLYING GANGWAY.
MONKEY BUTT :
slang for the sore irritated condition in the private or nether region of one's anatomy when compelled to persistently perform activities with inadequate hygiene; an equal opportunity malady that plagues men and women, walkers and riders, sitters and standers, regardless of race or creed, color or national origin, especially when CREATURE COMFORTS are complicated by climate and rationing. This inflammatory condition (chafing) produces an itchy redness that causes the victim to walk straddle or bowlegged, reminiscent of a chimpanzee or baboon; this uncomfortable malaise is also called "swamp ass", "dookie booty", "bleacher butt", "roseate fundament", "red ass", "crotch rot", and so forth. See GOYA, BUTT, FOURTH POINT OF CONTACT, EXERCISE, DOUCHE BAG, MARINE SHOWER, PT SHOWER, NAVY SHOWER, GI SHOWER, RAINROOM, WHORE'S BATH, LATRINE, HEAD, COMFORT STATION.
MONKEY CORD :
slang for the safety tether worn by an aircraft crewmember when required to move around the interior of the FUSELAGE while the exit doors are open and the aircraft is aloft; a shorter restraint (sometimes called a "leash") is worn by DOOR GUNNERs and JUMPMASTERs who may be wounded or become unconscious while occupying their post at the airplane's open door; this expression is probably so-called by a fancied resemblance to the leash worn by an organ-grinder's monkey.
MONKEY DICKS :
see ANGEL DUST.
MONKEY FIST / MONKEY'S FIST :
a casting knot (often a figure-8 on a bight) added to the trailing-end of a ROPE or LINE to lend weight and direction for throwing; a ball-like knot used as an ornament or as a throwing weight at the end of a line, which is sometimes called "monkey paw" or "monkey's paw" by a fancied resemblance; see KNOT, LIFELINE, ROPE, LINE, HAWSER, TURK'S HEAD. [nb: may also be made by tying a bag of lead shot to the end of a rope]
MONKEY HOUSE :
Asian slang for a jail or prison, probably by analogy with the caged condition of the prisoners, but possibly by allusion to the antics of the immured captives; see BRIG, STOCKADE, GUARDHOUSE, CROSSBAR HOTEL, LBJ, TANK, CLUB FED, ADULT DAY CARE CENTER, THE CASTLE, HOT HOUSE, USDB.
MONKEY ISLAND :
slang for a FLYING BRIDGE on top of a PILOTHOUSE or chart house.
MONKEY JACKET :
denigrating reference to the short, close-fitting UNIFORM blouse worn by soldiers and sailors before and during the WWII-era, being an allusion to the jacket costuming an organ-grinder's monkey; compare MONKEY SUIT, see DRESS. Also, disparaging reference to the short jacket worn by a Navy waiter/steward and Army dining room orderly (DRO), who was formerly (before DESEGREGATION) a contract employee of the government (not an enlistee); see LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, SALT AND PEPPER, WARDROOM, GLORY HOLE, KP, COOKIE.
MONKEY MEAT :
WWI slang for a squad-sized canned ration (B-RATIONS) of beef and carrots that was unappealing and unpalatable, which phrase has since been applied to any "mystery meat"; see CAMEL BURGER, SANDWICH, BOXED NASTY, SPAM, HORSE COCK, SLIDER, CRITTER FRITTER, CAVALRY STEAK, MIDRATS, SLOP, GUT BOMB, WASH, WAD, BEANS, CHOW, RATIONS.
MONKEY MOUNTAIN :
(forthcoming); Radio Relay (RR) site near CCN/FOB#4 compare MARBLE MOUNTAIN, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN.
MONKEY SEE - MONKEY DO :
an act of imitation or mimicry, usually with limited knowledge or understanding, and little apprehension or appreciation for any potential consequences; typically being a slavish gesture of conformity; also represented as copycat, ape/aping, follow in another's footsteps (sequacious). Also, as part of the larger educational model (represented as: "monkey see, monkey do; monkey hear, monkey say"), this methodology restricts learning to rote imitation without emphasizing understanding or encouraging exploration. Such mechanistic repetition is dogmatic or doctrinaire, not heuristic or hortative; it represents the learning of a process without an understanding of why or how it works. The capacity for social learning acquired by demonstration was considered to be an indicator of genetic development and/or intellectual achievement when 19th century biologists began to establish the phylogeny of all the species comprising the animal kingdom. When it does not laud ("Imitation is the finest form of flattery."), imitation devalues its model with spurious duplication or counterfeit reproduction, or trivializes its subject with mockery or parody. Compare KISS, OJT, POI, LESSONS LEARNED. [v: emulate, replicate; socialization, aculturation; evolution, eugenics; "fair use" copyright]
MONKEY'S SWING / MONKEY SWING :
see AIGUILLETTE, FOURRAGERE, CORD, CORDON, CONTRAFOIL, LANYARD.
MONKEY SUIT :
slang for any uniform; see DRESS. Also, slang for any full-dress suit, such as a tuxedo, by reference to dressing an "ape man" in socially acceptable attire; see DRESS WHITES, ICE-CREAM SUIT, SPANKERS AND CLANKERS, MESS DRESS, WITH BELLS ON, FEATHERS, CUMMERBUND, BLACK TIE, WHITE TIE, DRESS.
MONKEY TAIL :
in NavSpeak, slang for any of various short ropes or light lines.
MONKEY VOICES :
in Asian cultures, the ceaseless chattering and relentless nagging that disturbs the quiet focus of mental concentration or spiritual meditation; a personification of the background noise or static that disturbs and disquiets someone's affairs. See GOOKANESE, DOUBLE DUTCH, BAMBOO ENGLISH, CREOLE, PIDGIN, HOBSON-JOBSON, VERNACULAR, POLYGLOT, LINGUA FRANCA. [cf: monkeyshines, monkey business]
MONKEY WRENCH / MONKEY-WRENCH :
a wrench having an adjustable jaw permitting it to grasp fittings or fixtures of different sizes; eponymously derived from Charles Moncky, and also called "adjustable spanner". Also, a universally accessible object that may be readily used to interfere with normal functions; a metaphoric obstacle that unavoidably halts progress, or a hypothetical hindrance that compels a change in plans. Also, to deliberately prevent or delay, ruin or sabotage development, especially technological or industrial advancement, as by vandalism or wrecking; see SABOTAGE, SUBVERSION. Also, in its left-handed incarnation, a nonexistent object that a novice or tyro is required to obtain in the same manner as any other SNIPE HUNT objective; compare MERMAID, DRAGON.
MONOPLANE :
in AvnSpeak, an airplane with one main sustaining surface, or with one set of wings; compare BIPLANE, TRIPLANE, FLYING WING, BLIMP. Also, in NavSpeak, a planing craft, the bottom of which is in an unbroken fore-and-aft line.
MONROE DOCTRINE :
the precept, promulgated by James Monroe on 2 December 1823, that the United States opposed further European colonization of or intervention in the western hemisphere; this unilateral tenet reciprocated for this "hands'-off" policy with a non-interference policy that echoed George Washington's warning against foreign entanglements; being the first foreign policy of the United States, it remained in effect until WWI. See ISOLATIONISM, ROOSEVELT COROLLARY, GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY, PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE, CONTAINMENT, INTERVENTIONISM, NATION BUILDING. [nb: "We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those [European] powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety." by James Monroe (2 Dec 1823)] [v: "manifest Destiny" was coined by John L. O'Sullivan (1839); "White Man's Burden" was coined by J. Rudyard Kipling (1899)]
MONSOON :
the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and the nearby lands of southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter, commonly marked by heavy rains; often called the "rainy season" or the "wet". See MANGO SHOWER, WIND, BEAUFORT SCALE, SAFFiR-SIMPSON SCALE, STORM WARNING, WINDSOCK, TELLTALE, GUMBO. [v: brisa/briza, churada, elephanta, sumatra] [nb: due to irresponsible pollution and waste disposal practices on our over-populated globe, it is dangerous to drink unfiltered or untreated water anywhere on earth, but especially in "under developed" countries where livestock is not sequestered from human habitation; these contaminating conditions are complicated in some regions, like Southeast Asia, by MONSOON rains and other inclement weather conditions; see WATER PURIFICATION TABLET] [nb: due to axial tilt during earth's rotation, the hemispheric seasons are not the same length, with the southern summer / northern winter being the shortest season, and northern summer / southern winter being the longest]
MONSTER :
nickname for the relatively large and heavy, backpack portable, field RADIO (AN/PRC-77) equipped with a "secure net" SCRAMBLEr; also called PRICK-77.
MONTAGNARD :
the non-Chinese ethnic tribal peoples who inhabit the remote uplands of Southeast Asia, affectionately known as YARDs or LITTLE BROWN BROTHERs by their ADVISORs; this French term means "mountain people", and is widely misspelled (eg: 'Montaignard'). See BAJARHAKO, DEGA, FULRO, INDIG, CIDG, STRIKER, RF/PF, Y SI, BUDDHAHEAD, LONG HOUSE, BRACELET, WHITE ELEPHANT; compare ADV, COUNTERPART, GONE NATIVE. [nb: extremists or radicals in French politics are also called "Montagnards" by association with those who occupied the upper tiers in the assembly during the French Revolution]
MONTAGNARD BRACELET :
a metal circlet, appropriately marked with the animistic symbols specific to each tribe, that's ceremonially presented to each man and woman after passing through their secret puberty rites; such a distinctive wristband cuff is also presented during the marriage ceremony, and when adopting friends (eg: neighbors, medicos, and civil affairs advisors) into the tribe. See BRACELET.
MONUMENT :
any megalith, statue, or other great work erected as a reminder of some worthy attainment or noteworthy event; a symbolic representation serving as enduring evidence of occurrence or accomplishment; see TROPHY, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, NATIONAL CEMETERY, BONEYARD, GARDEN OF STONES, MEMORIAL DAY, POW-MIA DAY, TAPS, MISSING MAN FORMATION. [eg: Arundelian marbles, London's Column, Nelson's Column, the Antonine Column / Column of Marcus Aurelius, the Column of July (1830), the Column of the Grand Army / Column at Boulogne, the Column of the Place Vendôme, the Duke of York's Column, Trajan's Arch, Trajan's Column] [nb: "For those who achieve, no monument is necessary; for those who admire the achievement, the monument is a respectful echo of the attainment; and for those who will never accomplish anything, sordid graffiti defacing the monument is their secret pride."; "A society that does not value the sacrifices of its native sons will not long endure."; "A civilization that builds monuments to itself has ceased to develop."; "The more aggrandizement, the greater the decline."]
MOONBEAM :
nighttime name of ABCCC HILLSBORO; MOONBEAM was a nighttime command and control aircraft that flew with big searchlights at fairly low altitudes, illuminating the ground for targets of opportunity. Also, slang for a FLASHLIGHT.
MOONLIGHT :
sunlight reflected from the surface of the moon, the earth's natural orbital satellite, during its several phases, except new and eclipse, including the incidence of moonrise and moonset; before artificial illumination (ILLUM) and night vision devices (NVD), the amount of moonlight was an important consideration when planning military operations, especially the gibbous phase of the harvest moon and hunter's moon. Compare LOOM, PINK TIME; see FRESNEL UNIT, FLARE, TIME, SHADOW. [nb: in WWII, during the fall of 1944 and the winter of 1945, when the Allies were advancing into Germany, spotlights aimed at the underside of low cloud cover were used to bounce off light beams that created "artificial moonlight", being a diffuse ambient illumination similar to that produced during a full moon, which supplemental light was adequate to sustain night operations without exposing or highlighting the ploy, as does a flare] [cf: snowblink, iceblink] Also, to work at an additional part-time job after finishing a regular full-time period of employment, as at night or after-hours to supplement income; see OFF-DUTY, SUDS ROW, MIDNIGHT REQUISITION.
MOONSHINE :
a flare-carrying helicopter GUNSHIP; see FIREFLY, SMOKY BEAR. Also, natural or artificial illumination at night; compare FLARE, SLAP-FLARE, VERY PISTOL, BASKETBALL, FLASHLIGHT, LIGHT STICK, BUD LIGHT, NVG, BLINKER. Also, slang for illicit or homemade alcoholic liquors that are clear or without color after manufacture (like gin, vodka, or tequila); also called "white goods", "white mule", or "white lightning"; see HOOCH, BREW, GROG, JUICE, IRISH SODA POP, GROUP TIGHTENER, MOJO, BYOB, DEAD-SOLDIER, TOAST, SPLICE THE MAINBRACE, SOAK, HOIST, HATCH, DUTCH COURAGE, WHISKEY WARRIOR. [nb: "A sudden violent jolt of moonshine has been known to stop the victim's watch, snap his suspenders, and crack his glass eye right across." attributed to Irvin S. Cobb] Also, slang for exaggerated tales or fabricated stories, without the opprobrium of pernicious lies; see TALK TRASH, SHOOT THE SHIT, GAS BAG, WAR STORY, SEA STORY, MIL-SPEAK, RUMOR.
MOON SUIT :
slang reference to any of the several styles of whole-body protective coveralls, typically self-contained, that's worn as a barrier against exposure to contaminants and hazardous materials (HAZMAT); so-called due to its resemblance to a closed environment outer-spacesuit, especially in its awkwardness of movement. See CBR, MOPP, JSLIST, CPOG, BUNNY SUIT, BLUE SUIT, H-GEAR, GAS MASK, DEMILITARIZE.
MOOR'S KNOT :
informal reference to a cryptographic book code, being a simple method of enciphering and deciphering a secret message by identifying the desired words in a particular book (by selecting the page, line, and word count), each party to the transaction having ready access to the identical edition; a method of coding that's both relatively secure and convenient. Compare ONE-TIME PAD; see CODE, KEY, TRADECRAFT.
MOOSE :
acronym for Move Out Of Saigon Expeditiously; for unit decentralization and displacement. See MOOT.
MOOT :
acronym for Move Out Of Town; being a program to reduce troop concentrations in developed or built-up city areas. See MOOSE.
MOPP :
Mission Oriented Protective Posture; especially a CBR or HAZMAT protective suit, mask and related gear that's designed to shield against contamination from chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. The MOPP suit is commonly called a "body bag with a window". See BUNNY SUIT, MOON SUIT, BLUE SUIT, JSLIST, CPOG, H-GEAR, GAS MASK; compare COFFIN, PRO KIT. [cf: remote mechanical agents or servo-manipulation systems for use in sterile, hazardous, or contaminated environments began during WWII with the handling of radioactive materials; initially in the form of insulated gripper arms named "Waldo" (being a cognate of 'rule' or 'command', after the 1942 novel by Robert A. Heinlein), later known as the "Waldo F. Jones Synchronous Reduplicating Pantograph", and now as a telefactoring device, useful in bomb disposal and extraterrestrial maintenance]
MOPPING-UP :
in military parlance, the final reduction of isolated pockets of enemy resistance; also expressed as "mop-up"; see SEARCH AND CLEAR or CLEAR AND HOLD operations.
MORAL COURAGE :
a personal commitment to the ethical principles of right conduct; dedicated or conforming to the established principles of virtue; behavior that's based on fundamental principles of proper thought and action, rather than on law or fashion, regardless of difficulty or resistance. While morality and immorality can be instilled by psychosocial reinforcements, the human animal is predisposed by its physiology to imbue righteous behavior due to psychophysical rewards, from paliatives to homiostasis, contributing to a positive sense of well being for doing "good" (whatever that may be in any particular time and place), hence being in control of one's mental and emotional state, such that one's conduct is self-disciplined, exhibiting good character and proper judgment, probity and dedication as an impersonal commitment to social betterment. See A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, HONOR CODE, CODE OF CONDUCT, HONOR, TRADITION, DUTY, TOE THE LINE, STAND-ALONE, ABOVE BOARD, DUE DILIGENCE, PROMISE, FORTITUDE, GUTS, MOXIE, DIEHARD, ROOT HOG OR DIE, HOLD ONE'S FEET TO THE FIRE, CREED, OATH, KEEP THE FAITH, FOXHOLE CONVERSION, ARMY CHRISTIAN, STRAIGHT ARROW, QUIET PROFESSIONAL, WINTER SOLDIER, PATRIOTISM, SILENT MAJORITY, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT, BEST AND BRIGHTEST, WISE MEN, MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, DECENT INTERVAL, DOMINO THEORY, KNOW YOUR ENEMY, APOCALYPSE. [v: numinous, deontology, eudemonism; cf: meliorism, Solomonic compromise, opportunism] [nb: "No man is justified in doing evil on the grounds of expediency." by Theodore Roosevelt; "You can always count on Americans to do the right thing – after they've tried everything else!" by Winston L.S. Churchill; "There is no man so dangerous as a disillusioned idealist." by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; "There is but little virtue in the action of masses of men." by Henry David Thoreau]
MORALE :
the mental attitude or emotional condition of people contending with opposition or hardship, especially their indwelling confidence or abiding determination; its a measure of the psychological strength of a unit, and bears upon its endurance and willingness to encounter risks. Some factors affecting MORALE include food and resupply, rest and refit, the status of operations, and conditions on the HOME FRONT, especially mail delivery ... but the most important factor is the estimate of worth ascribed to their service and sacrifice by their leaders and countrymen. See DOUGHNUT DOLLY, CAMPAIGN WIFE, SALLY, USO, AFR, AFRTN, MAIL CALL, SUGAR REPORT, CARE, MARS, SPECIAL SERVICES, FIELD HOUSE, PASS, LIBERTY, R&R, LEAVE, ATTABOY, PRO PAY, RESPECT, PAY DUES, I WAS THERE, FRUIT SALAD, GONG, TRASH, BOLO BADGE, PATCH, V-CAMPAIGN, VICTORY TASK FORCE, WAKE UP, BATTLE CRY, JODY CALL, ESPRIT DE CORPS, THE EDGE, FORCE MULTIPLIER, BLOOD CHIT, DEATH CARD, MEDEVAC, I&I, H&I, PSYOPS, WAR OF NERVES, PSYWAR, MUSHROOM, SUBVERSION, WHITE PROPAGANDA, BULLSHIT BOMB, PROPAGANDA, DISINFORMATION, SOAP CHIPS, SCRIPTURES, WIGGLE ROOM, OFF THE RESERVATION, RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE), NFZ, COLLATERAL DAMAGE, HEADQUARTERISM, BRASS EAR, MICROMANAGEMENT, CYA, CHICKEN SHIT, MICKEY MOUSE, BITCH, BAD-MOUTH, MOAN 'n' GROAN, PECKER CHECK, SUCK IT UP, SWEAT HOG, GUNG-HO, WETSU, HARD CHARGER, FIDO, WATCH MY SMOKE, DIEHARD, ROOT HOG OR DIE, BITE THE BULLET, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, GUSTO, A FINE AND PLEASANT MISERY. [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MORALE PATCH :
unofficial emblems, often of local manufacture, that are worn with or without authorization, as for expressing esprit (eg: PATRIOTISM, GUSTO, HOOAH, OORAH, YUT, GUNG-HO, WETSU, UCGC, SEMPER FI, KEEP THE FAITH, ESPRIT DE CORPS), as for celebrating achievement (eg: skill rating, class graduation, combat missions completed, promotion), and for commemorating an event (eg: deployment or assignment, training exercise participation, unit or weapon activation, retirement of weapon or vehicle, unit deactivation, heritage or lineage, milestone or anniversary); when the COMMAND ELEMENT does not permit these novelty items to be openly displayed, they are typically concealed by mounting inside a hat or helmet, inside a BLOUSE or FLIGHT SUIT, as an informal protest against political-correctness or censorship.
MORALITY :
see MORAL COURAGE, MORAL VICTORY, HONOR, HONOR CODE, CODE OF CONDUCT, CREED, OATH, PROMISE, TRADITION, DUTY, TOE THE LINE, ABOVE BOARD, SUMMUM BONUM, DUE DILIGENCE, CORE VALUES, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, KEEP THE FAITH, STRAIGHT ARROW, PATRIOTISM, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, WINTER SOLDIER. [nb: "Morality is contraband in war." by Mohandas K. Gandhi (vol 1 ch 268 Non-Violence in Peace and War 1942); "For morality life is a war, and the service of the highest is a sort of cosmic patriotism which also calls for volunteers." by William James ("Circumscription of the Topic", The Varieties of Religious Experience 1902); "Our whole life is startlingly moral. There is never an instant's truce between virtue and vice. Goodness is the only investment that never fails. ... the laws of the universe are not indifferent, but are forever on the side of the most sensitive. Listen to every zephyr for some reproof, for it is surely there, and he is unfortunate who does not hear it." by Henry David Thoreau (Walden 1854); "Of all the habits and dispositions which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports." by George Washington (Farewell Address 17 Sep 1796); "The moral difference between a soldier and a civilian is that the soldier accepts personal responsibility for the safety of the body politic of which he is a member. The civilian does not." by Robert A. Heinlein; "Introspection is the price of morality, and morality is the price of civilization."] [v: synderesis / synteresis] [cf: debaucher/debauchee: one who has been seduced from duty or virtue; one who subverts or corrupts another's virtue]
MORALITY PLAY :
an allegorical dramatic form that was in vogue during the late medieval era, wherein the vices (ie: seven deadly sins) and the virtues (ie: seven cardinal virtues) were personified so that manifest good could be shown to triumph over encroaching evil. Developed from the ancient Greek and Roman hero tales, these portrayals presented the conflicts confronting people in their everyday lives, and established civilized solutions to common dilemmas. Some of the better known compositions include: Langland's Piers Plowman, Spenser's Faerie Queene, Dante's Divine Comedy, Dunbar's "The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis" in Fasternis Evin in Hell, Chaucer's "Parson's Tale" in The Canterbury Tales, Everyman, Mankind, The Castle of Perseverance, Lindsay's Ane Pleasant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis, Skelton's Magnyfycence, Bale's King John. [v: miracle play, No / Noh theatre]
MORAL VICTORY :
(forthcoming); see LAST STAND. [nb: an adage addressing the unanticipated consequences of "right" or "proper" action: "The breeze from the flutter of a butterfly's wings will create a storm in the next valley."; "Though the youth at last grows indifferent, the laws of the universe are not indifferent, but are forever on the side of the most sensitive. Listen to every zephyr for some reproof, for it is surely there, and he is unfortunate who does not hear it." by Henry David Thoreau; "Military power wins battles, but spiritual power wins wars." by George Catlett Marshall; "My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure." by Alfred Lord Tennyson; "What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?" by William Shakespeare; cf: BIG PICTURE, RIGHT STUFF]
MORAL WATERSHED :
a point of division or transition between morality and immorality, between rectitude and turpitude, especially when designating the last bastion of probity. [v: moral sense]
MORE HONORED IN THE BREACH THAN THE OBSERVANCE :
now meaning an admirable custom that's too often neglected, this catch-phrase has reversed its meaning since its inception, where it formerly identified deplorable practices that should be avoided or abandoned in favor of more enlightened mannerisms ... the reference is to celebrations that are so boorish that they detract from the achievements that prompted them. See CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES OF THE SERVICE, INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY, IF IT WEREN'T FOR THE HONOR OF THE THING, ESPRIT DE CORPS, TRADITION. [nb: "But to my mind, though I am native here And to the manner born, it is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance." by William Shakespeare, act 1 sc 4 Hamlet (1602)]
MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SKIN A CAT :
see CAT SKINNER. [cf: "There's more than one way to kill a cat than to choke it with cream." adage]
MORNING PRAYERS :
see OFFICER'S CALL (aka: "Captain's Call" on-board ships); compare EVENING PRAYERS.
MORNING REPORT :
the military considers the MORNING REPORT to be its most important form, hence it is designated Form 1, listing the status (ie: present, hospitalized, incarcerated, on leave, etc) of all assigned personnel, while the most common is Form 1049 for requests of all kinds to senior authority; such time-consuming FORMS and REPORTS were derisively called PAPER BULLETs during the American CIVIL WAR. Compare SWINE LOG; see FORM, 201 FILE, LOG, WAR DIARY. [nb: "If it isn't documented then it doesn't exist!"]
MORPHINE :
a narcotic alkaloid (C17H19NO3H2O) extracted from opium for use as a pain reliever and sedative; also called "morphia" and named after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams; when administered in the field (directly through clothing in an emergency), the empty SYRETTE was supposed to be attached to the patient's collar, with a capital letter 'M' marking (in grease pencil, blood, or iodine / thimerosal) his forehead, so that intake medicos would be aware of the field treatment when receiving the (often undocumented) casualty from the combat zone. [v: "First Aid for Soldiers" (FM 21-11 dtd 7 April 1943)]
MORRILL ACT :
a law providing for the distribution of public lands to the states with the proviso that at least one college in each state be dedicated to the study of agricultural and industrial arts; introduced by Justin S. Morrill, this bill was vetoed by James Buchanan in 1859 before being signed into law by Abraham Lincoln in 1862. Educational funding for these schools was augmented by the 1887 Hatch Act, and 69 land-grant colleges were established by this legislation. Also known as the Land-Grant College Act, this law provides for the training of citizen soldiers under the Reserve Officer's Training Corps (ROTC).
MORRIS DANCE :
a corruption of "Moors' dance" from which the traditional military cotillion derives; see WITH BELLS ON.
MORSE CODE :
an arbitrary alphanumeric system of short and long sounds or flashes, separated by spaces, that's used to signal messages; also known as "Morse's alphabet" or "telegrapher's signs". [nb: in standardizing the transmission speed of the International Code, the following relationships exist between the elements: 1) the "dit" (dot) is the basic unit of length; 2) the "dah" (dash) is equal in length to three dits; 3) the space (pause) between dits and dahs within a character (letter) is equal to one dit; 4) the space between characters (letters) in a word is equal to three dits; 5) the space between words is equal to seven dits. (TM-11-459/TO 31-3-16 - Sept 1957) Operator transmission speed rating, measured in words-per-minute (WPM), is established by counting the number of times the 5-letter word 'PARIS' is sent in one minute] See CW, EOT, GA, HAND, II, ROGER, SOS, RADIO, SALTING, TWX, ALDIS LAMP, HELIOGRAPH, WIGWAG / WIGWAGGER, TAP CODE, NIGHT WRITING, BAMBOO TELEGRAPH. [v: Alphabet Codes & Signal Flags ] [nb: in 1832, Samuel F.B. Morse was intrigued by the idea, propounded by André Marie Ampère, of transmitting code electrically, so set about developing it with the aid of Leonard Gale, Joseph Henry, and Alfred Vail; the first message ("successful experiment with telegraph") was sent on 4 Sept 1837, and was patented on 20 June 1840 with the demonstration test message: "What hath God wrought"] [nb: the original American Morse Code included pauses within some letters, but in 1920 the simplified International Morse Code (aka: Continental Code) eliminated them, and changed some letter patterns (11 letters, 9 numbers, and punctuation)]
MORTAR :
81mm mortar
a large bore, muzzle-loading, indirect high-angle fire weapon, with either a rifled- or SMOOTHBORE short-barreled cannon, and usually of shorter range than a HOWITZER that a skilled crew can discharge every 4-6 seconds; including the 60mm (M-224) ranging to 2000m, the 81mm (M-29, M-252, M-291) ranging to 3500m, and the 4.2-inch (M-30) ranging to 6000m. MORTAR is abbreviated "mtr", and is also called "vest-pocket artillery", "mortie", STOVEPIPE, and PISS TUBE. See FOUR DEUCE, PETARD, BARBETTE, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS, LOADER, SHOT OUT, FDC, FIRE MISSION, MONEY SHOT, HIGH ANGLE HELL, IN-COMING, DANGER CLOSE, DEVIATION, DELIVERY ERROR, CEP, DISPERSION ERROR, HORIZONTAL ERROR, BIPOD, BASEPLATE, HANG FIRE, DONKEY DICK, NLOS-C, FIRE FINDER, APC, UP-GUN. [cf: bombard as the earliest type of indirect cannon launching stones, from "noise" (bomb) and "stone-throwing engine" (bombarda)] [v: ship mounted "carronade" ca1779] [nb: the surplus propellant from mortar and artillery fire can be ignited to sterilize the contents of a cesspool [eg: SLIT TRENCH, CAT HOLE], and thus maintain local sanitation]
MORTARMAN :
a combat arms soldier (11C) trained as a member of a crew to operate and maintain a MORTAR that will fire in support of platoon (PLT) or company (CO) operations, including bombs, illumination, or devices (eg: sensors, LIFELINEs, etc). See CREW-SERVED WEAPONS.
MORTUARY AFFAIRS :
covers the search for, recovery, identification, preparation, and disposition of remains of persons for whom the Armed Services are responsible by status and Executive Order. The joint Mortuary Affairs Office is a theater-level command responsible for planning, monitoring, and executing programs while maintaining pertinent data on the recovery, identification, and disposition of all US dead and missing in the assigned theater. See NOK, KIA, DOW, PERSONAL EFFECTS, KINFORMING, HUG SQUAD, GHOUL, BODY BAG, RICE KRISPIES, CRISPY CRITTER, FLOATER, CREATURE FEATURE, PICNIC, GRAVES REGISTRATION, BODY-SNATCHER, PRP, RECOVERY, CIL, JPAC, LAID BY THE WALL, FUNERAL PACE, PALL, PALLBEARER, NATIONAL CEMETERY, BOX JOB, BONEYARD, GARDEN OF STONES, TOMB, CATAFALQUE, DAVY JONES'S LOCKER. [nb: funeral (disposal) versus funeral ritual (memorial); about a third of veteran burials in NATIONAL CEMETERYs are unattended, and veteran family burials are stacked in the same gravesite; while graveyards in America are relocated whenever the public requires the space (eminent domain), the gravesites in European cemeteries have long been exchanged for replacement occupancy, sometimes stacked, sometimes vacated; mortuary options include: (burial) decomposition, (immolation) cremation, (predatory) digestion, (transplant/dissection) medical research,(lime) water reduction, in line (ph neutral) composting, or freezedry pulverization] [nb: although the immolation of a corpse on a pyre was used in ancient Europe (eg: Vikings, Greeks) and is a Hindu tradition, cremation was not employed as a method of corpse disposal in America until 1874, but is now the preferred mode, with cremains either scattered or vaulted in a columbarium; the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not regulate crematoria, because the public does not want the reduction of human remains to be treated like the disposal of "solid waste" (incinerators are regulated by the Clean Air Act)]
MOS :
Military Occupational Specialty; the military job designation for one's duty assignment or job title. The process of induction begins with a mental and physical assessment, and supplemental training will augment each person's service. To qualify for promotion, a serviceman usually had to do the job, to get the rating, to get the pay. The basic MOS could be modified by prefix or suffix skill indicators (eg: ASI, SQI) to indicate further qualification. See PMOS, AIT, AFEES, RECEPTION STATION, MEPS, ASVAB, AFQT, AFGCT, Q-COURSE, OJT, CROSS-TRAINING, SHEEP-DIPPED, MIL-CRAFT, DOG TAG, BILLET, BERTH, DUTY, POST, ON STATION, WATCH, HARDSHIP TOUR, BUMFUCK, TDY / TAD, PCS. [nb: USAF term is Specialty Code (AFSC)] [nb: "War, by its very nature, is a time of meager fare and unusual occupations."]
MOSAIC MAP :
photos or illustrations pieced together from other elements to create a composite image, also called a "mosaic pattern map"; especially a "photomosaic" or "aerial mosaic", which is an assembly of aerial photographs matched in such a way as to show a continuous photographic representation of an area. See MAP, COMICS, COMPOSITE; compare TOPO, CHART.
MOSCOW MULE :
see MULE.
MOSQUITO :
designated the F-8 and called "The Wooden Wonder" or "The Timber Terror", this twin-engined (V-12 liquid-cooled 1710hp) military aircraft, with the pilot and navigator seated abreast, relied on speed (415mph at 28,000 alt) and agility (without defensive armaments) to act as a fighter-bomber, tactical bomber, intruder, photo-recon or pathfinder as used by the USAAF, RAF, RAAF, and other allied air forces from 1941 until 1956. It was developed as a prototype by the manufacturer, DeHavilland in Hertfordshire UK, to utilize available resources when metals were scarce, but the government was disinterested until the test flights proved its superior performance, being one of the fastest and most maneuverable aircraft of WWII, due to its balsa and birch plywood construction (44ft L by 54ft W by 17ft H). It proved to be the most effective fighter-bomber of WWII, and various models were equipped with machineguns, rockets, cannons, bombs, flares, chaff, and RADAR, giving rise to rumors of "cat-eyed" pilots with superior eyesight. Compare HORNET; see BIRD. Also, nickname of the North American T-6 Texan, being the liaison version of the AT-6 known as the OLD GROWLER. Also, any of numerous bloodsucking winged insects that transmit diseases (eg: MALARIA, BONE BREAK FEVER, YELLOW JACK, CHIKUNGUNYA), which is commonly called SKEETER; see BAR, FUO, HORSE PILL. [cf: gnat, midge, punkie, no-see-um]
MOSQUITO BAR :
(aka: insect bar) see BAR, NET. [nb: the word "canopy" originally meant net, as a gauze mosquito barrier; cf: sparver]
MOSQUITO FLEET :
mosquito boat
any group of small armed BOATs. Also, the assemblage of wooden hulled civilian BOATs (converted yachts) that have served as armed patrol boats during wartime; also known as "suicide fleet". See GUNNBOAT, PT BOAT, CUTTER, SWIFT BOAT, TANGO BOAT, ZIPPO BOAT, WARSHIP.
MOSQUITO SMILE :
slang for the sleeve RANK insignia of a Lance Corporal (LCPL) during the Vietnam-era showing one chevron (MOSQUITO WING) and one ROCKER (smile). See SWINE LOG, EM, RATING, GRADE, RANK; compare NCO.
MOSQUITO WING :
PFC
a single chevron of RANK representing a Private First Class (PFC) during the Vietnam-era, formerly an E-3 but now, since the elimination of the two SLICK SLEEVE ratings and the introduction of Lance Corporal (LCPL) RANK, an E-2 Private (PVT); so-called for seeming small and forlorn in its solitary state, and for the fact that there is usually a multitude whenever any single individual is found. See MOSQUITO SMILE, MATING MOSQUITOES, SWINE LOG, EM; compare NCO.
MOSS :
MObile Submarine Simulator, being a sonar DECOY (MK70) developed by Gould in 1976 and manufactured by Westinghouse through the mid-1990s; this 10" submersible (without an explosive warhead) was able to generate both an active SONAR echo and a passive sound SIGNATURE represented as extremely similar to that of the launching SUBMARINE, with the purpose of creating multiple targets, each with the same profile, whether for training or defense.
MOSSBACK :
reactionary; a person holding antiquated notions. Sometimes called "mossy horn", and derived from a reference to a large old fish or turtle. See OLD BREED, OLD SALT, SALTY DOG, SHELLBACK, DINOSAUR, MAVERICK, BROWN SHOE / BOOT, CONSERVATIVE, ANTI-FEDERALIST, SILENT MAJORITY. [nb: a pompous old reactionary, "Colonel Blimp", was a post-WWI cartoon character conjured by David Low that satirized resistance to progressive change]
MOTHBALL :
to inactivate something disused for preserved storage as a reserve; by extension of the protective storage process for textiles with balls of naphthalene or camphor; see BONEYARD, TOMB, DUMP, CANNIBALIZE; compare STANDBY. Also, to place an idea or plan in abeyance; removed from further consideration, suspend from implementation.
MOTHER ARMY :
see GREEN MACHINE.
MOTHER HEN :
slang for the leader (LDR) of a CHALK or STICK, who is functioning as a team, squad, or section leader to get "all the little chicks in a row"; properly known as the STICK COMMANDER or CHALK COMMANDER, which is independent of RANK. See HONCHO, TOP DOG, 10, MC, OVERSIGHT. [nb: a female unit commander is not called the OLD MAN nor "old lady", not "chieftain" nor "chieftess", not the HONCHO nor "honchette", not TOP DOG nor "top bitch", but is rather antonomastically identified by the generic "boss" or "boss lady", or by her designated NICKNAME or CODENAME; also see "GI Jane", "Jane Bond", "Acting Jane", "Swinging Dickless", "Dear Jane", SKIRT, ANGEL]
THE MOTHER-IN-LAW OF THE ARMY :
sardonic reference to Fort Leavenworth and its environs, due to its importance, both historically and in career development, from the fact that many families remained there while husbands were posted farther west during and after the period of westward expansion, and from all the Army daughters who made "good marriages" to bachelors with excellent prospects for promotion. See C&GS, JEDI KNIGHT, USDB, MONROE DOCTRINE, OFFICER'S WIFE, DISTAFF, PETTICOAT COMMAND, COW, THE DAUGHTER OF THE REGIMENT, RING THE BELL, DRAG, CLASS-B DEPENDENT, SLEEPING DICTIONARY, CAMPAIGN WIFE, SHACK-JOB. [nb: "You promised me my answer to-night." "Well, you can't have it, Ben," Helen said, "until you have fought the Yankees." "What heart will I have for fighting," he said, "if you give me no promise?" "I'll not be engaged to any man," she said, "until he has fought the Yankees. You distinguish yourself in the war, and then see what I'll have to say to you." "But suppose I don't come back at all!" exclaimed Ben. "Oh, then I'll acknowledge an engagement and be good to your mother – and wear mourning all the same – provided – your wounds are all in the front." Later, when Ben leaned out the window of his departing train, he whispered as she gazed up at him, "Can't I have the promise now, Helen?" "Yes!" Helen exclaimed. "Yes, Ben – dear Ben, I promise!" As the train cars gathered speed and rolled away, Helen turned an calmly announced to the others, "Girls, I'm engaged to Ben Shepard." "I'm engaged to half a dozen of them," said one. "That's nothing," said another, "I'm engaged to the whole regiment."]
MOTHER OF ALL :
a phrase most often associated with Saddam Hussein's threatened "mother of all battles" (APOCALYPSE) during the Persian Gulf War, but the expression exists as a comparison to precedence in numerous other phrases (eg: "The name, in its outer aspect, is the mother of all created things."; "The numeral one is the mother of all numbers."; "Vedanta is the mother of all philosophies."; "Philosophy is the mother of all science.") and not just in exaggerated allusions (eg: "the mother of all leaps" / ...explosions" / ...mountains") to great achievements, tremendous acts, or monumental things, including ridiculous assertions (eg: "the mother of all hangovers!"). See MOAB, MOAFU.
MOTHER OF SATAN :
white crystalline organic compounds [eg: acetone peroxide, tri-cyclic acetone peroxide (TCAP), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), tetrameric acetone peroxide, peroxyacetone] that are used explosively due to the ready availability and low cost of their precursors; although not readily soluble in water, they are susceptible to heat, friction, and shock, which instability is greatly altered by impurities, including their own oligomers, and they slowly sublime into larger unstable crystals at room temperature ... these are among the few high explosives not containing nitrogen, so can pass through scanners designed to detect nitrogenous compounds. Acetone peroxides, as bleaching agents, phenol synthesizers, and polymerization initiators, are common industrial by-products that can become hazardous when mishandled. See IED, APNC, BOOBY-TRAP, MINE, EXPLOSIVE.
MOTHER SHIP :
slang for a supply or maintenance ship (eg: TENDER) or delivery ship (eg: SUBMARINE) that provides combat support to other vessels; see SRV, MINISUB, PIGGYBACK, DUMP, NSD, DEPOT, GODOWN, PRE-POS, LOGISTICS. [cf: a large resupply submarine, called "Milch Cow", provided fuel, ammunition, and provisions to patrolling Nazi U-boats during WWII, enabling them to remain on station in their sector for extended periods]
MOTHER'S MILK :
a colloquialism for any precious possession, especially liquid sustenance (ie: oil or fuel, beer or liquor, coffee or water), from that essential foodstuff generated in a parturient woman's breasts for feeding to an infant; see POL, PETROL, HOOCH, BREW, MOONSHINE, JUICE, THE DRINK, IRISH SODA POP, SAIGON TEA, WASH, BUG JUICE, GI JOE, NUOC, GASPER, PIGTAIL, BUTT, FAG, SOLDIER'S BREAKFAST, CHEW, SNUFF.
MOTHER WEARS ARMY BOOTS :
see YOUR MOTHER WEARS COMBAT BOOTS.
MOTORIZED DANDRUFF :
slang for head lice; also called "cootie garage"; see COOTIE, GRAYBACK, CRAB, BEDBUG, COMFORT STATION.
MOTOR MOUTH :
someone who talks too much (if not incessantly) and works too little (v: HALF-ASSED), always trying to offer an excuse (v: NO EXCUSE) for substandard or failed performance instead of making the extra effort to accomplish the mission; a typically fast talking and glib TAP-DANCER using SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS. Compare SILENT INSOLENCE; see SCUTTLEBUTT, SHOOT THE SHIT, TALK TRASH, VERBAL DIARRHEA, BLOW SMOKE, WOOF, BAD-MOUTH, RUMOR, BACK CHANNEL.
MOTOR POOL :
a fleet of motor vehicles made available for temporary use by assigned military personnel. Also, the designated lot or yard where such military vehicles are parked and maintained; sometimes called "vehicle depot" or "motor park". See JEEP, HUMVEE, TRUCK, TRACK, TANK, DUCK/DUKW, GAMMA GOAT, CANNIBALIZE, PM, TANK PARK; compare BIRD FARM.
MOTTO :
(forthcoming); compare NICKNAME, CODENAME, COVER, PASSWORD, CALL-SIGN, BATTLE CRY, GUSTO, HOOAH, OORAH, GUNG-HO, ESPRIT DE CORPS, WETSU, DIEHARD, WAKE UP, TOAST, SIGNATURE, CREST, PATCH. [nb: the term 'slogan' is derived from the Scottish words ('sluagh' + 'gairm') meaning "army cry" or "war cry"; cf: misnomer "slughorn"] [nb: Imperial Japanese "banzai" (ten-thousand years; not "bonsai" gardening) similar to Chinese "wàn-sue"] [cf: warison; v: clarion call] [nb: the "thin red line" was applied to the British ("Redcoats") in the Crimean War because they did not form into a defensive square when engaged, making their line weak, which impugned their military prowess; likewise, the Scottish bagpipers accompanying British troops in WWI were labeled "ladies from hell" for wearing kilts into battle while playing an instrument instead of carrying a weapon ... each attribution was initially offensive, but both were later adopted as proud distinctions] [v: mottoes and nicknames of military units ; Names of Foreigners or Foes ]
MOUNTAIN :
nickname for Xa Dao Tru (geo: 21 31 39N 105 31 52E; UTM: 48QWJ55008040), site of major NVN prison camp for captive allied population; also known as [nb: some names only refer to sections within this prison] Mountain Retreat, K.77 or K.71, D.1, Vinh Quang B, Vinh Ninh, Duong Ke. Dates US POWs present: 24 Aug 68 to 25 Nov 70. Located about 60 kilometers northwest of Hanoi, this camp was dismantled after the war. The Ministry of Public Security apparently ran this camp until LTC Ben Purcell escaped, but the military seemingly assumed camp administration afterwards. USAF Captain Robert N. Daughtrey, who was captured on 02 Aug 65 after his F105 went down in NVN, called this site "Camp D.1", because this legend appeared on the building in which he was detained; however "D.1" could be an abbreviation for "Doanh Trai No. 1", meaning "Barracks No. 1". Captain Daughtrey recalled that the American POWs from this camp were moved to the CITADEL / PLANTATION (17 Pho Ly Nam De) about two days after the American raid on SON TAY in November 1970. See POW.
MOUNTAINEER :
10th Mtn Div
a person skilled in mountaineering; able to conduct military operations in the severe climate and rugged terrain of various uplands. The Mountain Warfare training course is a challenging two-week program conducted under tactical conditions at Camp Ethan Allen in Jericho Vermont. The Mountain Warfare school develops and conducts resident training under both summer and winter conditions, emphasizing survival and mobility techniques. The WWII Mountain and Winter Warfare Board commenced training in 1942 at Fort Lewis (Mount Rainier and Mount Bryce), in 1943 at Elkins Maneuver Area (Seneca Rocks), and in 1943 at Camp Hale (Aspen, Vail, Mount Albert, Sawatch Range). The volunteers who formed the 10th Mountain Division (officially activated August 1943) received training in skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, tobogganing, and climbing with related snow shovel, ice axe, and rope work. Their infantry and recon elements were augmented by heavy weapons, including 81mm mortar and 75mm pack howitzer. The Mountain and Winter Warfare Board was assisted by members of the Sierra Club in developing specialized equipment, including boots, mummy-style sleeping bags, mountain stoves and rations, a rucksack that converted skis into a toboggan, and the first operational snowmobile (IRON DOG). The mountaineering phase of both RANGER and SPECIAL FORCES qualification has been conducted in some sector of the Appalachian range since their inception, with only occasional treks to more rugged or severe or higher ranges, to "real mountains". See RAPPEL, BELAY, SNAP-LINK, BIGHT, KNOT, LINE, ROPE, ROPE BRIDGE, TYROLEAN TRAVERSE, SNOWSHOE, BUNNY BOOTS, MICKEY MOUSE BOOTS, X-C, OSV, WEASEL, CAT-TRAIN, LRRP-RATIONS; compare WINTER WARRIOR, NWTC, MWS, MWTC, JUNGLE EXPERT. [v: Climbing Terms ]
MOUNTAIN TENT :
(forthcoming); experimental waterproof neoprene tent developed for alpine operations during WWII was uncomfortable and unhealthy for occupancy see TENT
MOUNTED INFANTRY :
also called "mounted rifles"; see MECH, BLUELEG, INF, DOZER INFANTRY, DRAGOON, PONY SOLDIER, LONG KNIFE, YELLOWLEG, CAV, ACR, AIR CAV, AIR ASSAULT, AIRMOBILE, HELIBORNE.
MOURNING BAND :
a black-colored cloth or ribbon (crepe) displayed as a symbol of grief or sorrow, mourning or lamentation for a period after a loved one's death; may be coincident with flying the flag at HALF-MAST. Wear is restricted to individual display on CLASS-A and dressier uniforms for personal (not unit) expressions of grief for only the period lasting from the time of death to the funeral or memorial; such MOURNING BANDs were intermittently conspicuous on all uniforms during the American CIVIL WAR. See YELLOW RIBBON.
MOUSE EARS :
slang for the oversized head-mounted hearing protection worn by aviation support personnel who work around idling aircraft on the APRON or RUNWAY; also called EARS.
MOUSE HOLE :
a one-man SPIDER HOLE situated in an urban area; see MOUT, FIBUA, HOUSEWARMING.
MOUSTACHE :
(mustache/mustachio) commonly called a "cookie duster", "soup strainer", "snot mop", "womb broom", or simply 'stache; which, by regulation in the modern era, could not extend beyond the fullest part of the upper-lip or below the corner of the mouth, so the drooping gunfighter and mandarin styles worn OFF-DUTY were waxed upwards into walrus and kaiser, bull's horn and handlebar style for duty display; see FACE FUZZ, RELAXED GROOMING STANDARDS. [v: Zapata-style, Daliesque, Hitlerian toothbrush, etc]
MOUSY DUNG :
a play on words for Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong), also called "Chairman Mao" and the "Great Helmsman", who was then premier of Red China, as used by KOREAN WAR prisoners subjected to BRAINWASHING during their captivity; a clever homophone that represented the POW's opinion of their opposition: drab and timid (mousy) shit (dung), which is also spelled "mousey dung". See THE LITTLE RED BOOK, PAPER TIGER, CIVILIAN, PRC, CHICOM; compare UNCLE HO, UNCLE JOE, BUTCHER OF BAGHDAD, UNCLE SAM, VINEGAR JOE.
MOUT :
Military Operations in Urban Terrain; commonly called "urban combat" or "house-to-house fighting". See FIBUA, BREACHER, SQUAD, FIRE TEAM, STACK, WAY POINT, MOUSE HOLE, CORDON AND KNOCK, HOUSE CALL, HOUSEWARMING, KILL HOUSE.
MOVCON :
MOVement CONtrol; the command and control element for a convoy.
A MOVEABLE FEAST :
an ideal period of youthful discovery that may be experienced anywhere in the great variety of life's multitude; being a metaphor for joyous satisfaction or unbridled repletion, as is also expressed by "heyday", "salad days", or "halcyon days"; this expression was popularized during the Vietnam-era by Hemingway's usage: "If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast." ... this epigraph [from Papa Hemingway edited by A.E. Hotchner (1966)] headed the posthumously published collection of Hemingway's Paris memoirs. [cf: "The world's mine oyster, which I with sword will open." as boasted in The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare (1597)]
MOVE OUT :
the informal command used by a leader to commence or continue an operation; see CHARGE, SADDLE-UP, FOLLOW ME, WATCH MY SMOKE, STORM, JUMP-START, GOYA, HOOPLA, BATTAILOUS. [nb: "Anticipate enemy action and move quickly before the shooting starts, then keep moving once it's started, and don't take cover until the firing stops." anonymous]
MOVE OUT 'n' DRAW FIRE :
an injunction to stop dithering inconclusively (like a civilian) and take decisive action, even if it's dangerous; this admonition is also represented as "Get with the program!" and "Get off the dime!", and is often used to motivate indolent slackers and play-it-safe survivors. See CROSSROADS, PUSH COMES TO SHOVE, CUT THE GORDIAN KNOT, CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER, DON'T SWEAT THE SMALL STUFF, DON'T DO NOTHING, CLUTCH-UP, PING-PONG, KEEP A STIFF UPPER LIP, RISKY-SHIFT EFFECT, DOESN'T KNOW SHIT FROM SHINOLA, PIG LOOKING AT A WRISTWATCH, HOLLOW BUNNY, DRONE, BRASS EAR, EMPTY SUIT, DELEGATOR, CYA, MILICRAT, GOYA, HAUL-ASS, BUSTER, PULL PITCH, SCRAMBLE, JUICE, ASAP, PDQ, STAT, CHOGI, CHOP CHOP, RIKI TIK, FORTHWITH.
MOVERS 'n' SHAKERS :
see RING-KNOCKER, BOY'S CLUB, KHAKI MAFIA, RABBI, PATRON SAINT, SEA DADDY, RAINMAKER, THE UNHOLY TRINITY, MILICRAT, THE ESTABLISHMENT, CASTE, FAMILISM.
MOWING THE LAWN :
slang description of the typically repetitive search pattern used during surveillance or rescue operations by air or sea, whether by sight or by device, so as not to skip any of the designated area; like SENTRY duty, such grid-work repetition, also called "cutting the grass", becomes boring when extended over time, which increases the likelihood of missing the objective by inattention, even when supplemented by automation. Compare SWEEP; see SAR, SCREEN, GRASS.
MOXIE :
bold vigor and courage, fortitude and endurance; derived from the trademark for "Moxie Nerve Food", an invigorating temperance tonic widely sold as a refreshing beverage since 1876, being more popular than "CocaCola" until the Depression Era. See V-DEVICE, GUTS, ONIONS, BRAGGING RIGHTS, WATCH MY SMOKE, BITE THE BULLET, PAIN, SCAR, DIEHARD, BEARING, MACHO, HERO, SLOW MATCH, WINTER SOLDIER. [nb: "We also glory in tribulations, knowing that tribulations produce perseverance." Romans 5:3; "Grace under pressure." by Ernest M. Hemingway]
MOX NIX :
deliberate misspelling of the German expression ('es macht nichts') meaning "it doesn't matter"; and also used by post-WWII occupation troops to express 'no worries', in the manner of the "What me worry?" proposition posed by the cartoon character Alfred E. Newman. See LO AND BEHOLD, ATTENTION.
MOX NIX STICKS :
slang reference to the mechanical turn-signal indicators that lifted out of the door post in many economical foreign automobiles (eg: Fiat, Simca, Lancia, Renault, Peugeot, Citroën, English Ford, Austin, Austin-Healey, Morris, Hillman, Saab, Subaru, Opel, Volkswagen, etc) from the pre- to the post-WWII era; predating the electrical turn-signal indicator, this device (engaged and disengaged by a lever on the steering column) permitted the driver to signal a turn without steering with only one hand and without extending his arm outside the vehicle during inclement weather. Although too small to be as obvious as the driver's protruding arm, this clever device was soon displaced by signal lights, which automatically shut-off after completing the turn. The name for these turn-signals probably derives from the fact that they had to be mechanically disengaged after finishing the turn, so were often forgotten ... left out so that nobody knew when the signal was intentional or just an exposed oversight.
MOZAMBIQUE DRILL :
alternative designation for the practical shooting tactic called TRIPLE TAP (qv), wherein the controlled technique of rapid semi-automatic fire is used to effectively and positively terminate the opposing target; this referent derives from the close-quarters combat experience of Mike Rousseau, a Rhodesian mercenary fighting FRELIMO guerrillas in the Mozambican War of Independence, which LESSONS LEARNED were shared with Jeff Cooper, who formalized and disseminated them.
MP :
Military Police
Military Police, also known as SNOWDROP; while their official motto is "Assist, Protect, and Defend", their unofficial motto is "Kick Ass and Take Names!". See KATN, PM, AP, SP, QC, BATS 'n' HATS, CHIMPS, CID, OSI, NIS, FBI, CONSTABULARY, PROVOST GUARD. [aka: police, policeman, police officer, peace officer, sheriff, shrieve, bailiff, beadle, reeve, tipstaff, catchpole, marshal, lawman, patrolman, cop, bluecoat, copper, pig, narc, fuzz, bear / Smoky Bear, bull, flatfoot, heat, The Man, The Law, John Law, law dog, Deputy Dog, long arm of the law, state trooper, Texas Ranger, plainclothesman, inspector, gumshoe, dick, detective, constable, rookie, meter maid, security guard, square badge, nab, peeler, bobby, mountie, flic, gendarme, carabiniere, Cheka, Gestapo] [nb: a multi-generational lineage of police service is expressed by "tin in the blood", "tin blood", and "silver blood"; cf: GREEN BLOOD]
MPC :
MPC $1 (1964)
MPC $5 (1964)
Military Payment Certificate, or Military Payment Currency, also called FUNNY MONEY for its resemblance to gaming "play money"; a form of color-coded scrip [paper; not "script"] (also called "shinplaster") used by MIL-PERS stationed overseas during the period from WWII through the VIETNAM WAR, in lieu of American dollars (USD/US$), to help control inflation in the local economy. Technically known as "fiat money", it has no intrinsic value and is not convertible to any specie or commodity, being based only on the "trust" of the government. See CANDY, SLUSH FUND, CUMSHAW, SCROUNGE, MIDNIGHT REQUISITION, SPIRIT MONEY, BAD PAPER, BENSON SILK, CHARGE, CHIT, HARD TIMES TOKEN, LEGAL TENDER. [v: flying money, credit money, spirit money] Also, the abbreviation for Message Processing Center.
MPS :
Maritime Pre-positioning Ship, stocked with Roll-On / Roll-Off containerized military weapons and equipment to speed operational deployment; see PRE-POS, CONTAINERIZATION.
MR :
Military Region; being the redesignated regional Corps Tactical Zone (CTZ) areas: MR1 - MR4; see I CORPS, II CORPS, III CORPS, IV CORPS. Also, Memorandum for Record or Memorandum of Record; compare MFR, MEMCON; see TICKLER, SNOWFLAKE, RBI, PAPER BULLET, FORM, RAPPORTEUR, WHITE PAPER, REPORT, ANNEX, RED TAPE, 90-PAGE WONDER, FILE 13, CYA, PING-PONG, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT. [v: dossier; cf: bout de papier, aide-memoire] [nb: "If it isn't documented then it doesn't exist!"]
MRAP :
Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected category of wheeled vehicles that're protected by an armored V-shaped hull to withstand improvised explosive devices (IED) and land mines while carrying personnel and cargo; this 2004 program includes versions of the COUGAR, BUFFALO, and CAIMAN, with some models configured for patrol and others as ambulances. MRAPs are scheduled to be superseded by the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) when it enters service in 2016, but will continue to be used until 2022, when the inventory of JLTVs will be sufficient to displace them. [nb: at 14-24 tons each, MRAPs are too heavy to cross more than 72% of bridges around the world, and their top-heavy profile makes them vulnerable to roll-over on the narrow crude roads prevalent in most countries]
MR. CLEAN / MISTER CLEAN :
the personification of a powerful GENIE (jinn) used as the advertising mascot for an all-purpose household cleaning product [Procter & Gamble (1958)], which archetype has come to symbolize a strong champion who obliterates immorality and evil; a superhero who rids society of its disgusting dirt and slimy filth. See STRAIGHT ARROW, FICTIONAL CHARACTER. [nb: because this cleanser was originally developed to remove grease and grime from ships, the original model was a well muscled sailor, tanned and dressed in white with an earring]
MRE :
MRE package
Meal Ready-to-Eat, also called "Meals Rejected by Everyone", "Meals Refusing to Exit", or "Meals Refused by the Enemy"; which apportionment replaced the three meals per day per person C-RATIONS with an MRE issue of four meals per day per person to obtain the same caloric value. This "new and improved" thermostabilized field food is neither "wet packed" (like C-RATIONS) nor "dry packed" (like LRRP-RATIONS), but is 'moist' packed in a microwavable package that includes a great deal of rubbish for pre-/postprandial disposal. Although microwave ovens are now available in many modern military vehicles, the MREs are not amenable to conventional heating from flame, mandating use of the chemical heat pack (if not eliminated during mission prep) or necessitating 'cold' consumption in remote or survival situations. Pre-operational field stripping typically reduces three MREs to the normal area of one MRE; a "sustainment pouch" holds three MREs, and can be mounted on belt or harness. Because most modern units are "light", "mobile", or "mechanized", the field troops find that the MRE diet is excessive, and many give away their extra rations to children and other needy civilians in their operational area. Compare HDR, FIRST-STRIKE RATION; see RATIONS. [nb: "We never repent having eaten too little." by Thomas Jefferson (1825)]
MRF :
MRF Mekong Delta
Mobile Riverine Force; sometimes called "BROWN WATER Navy". In 1968, a combined US Navy/Army command assembled to combat the Viet Cong forces in the Mekong Delta, involving 2nd Brigade 9th Infantry Division and River Assault Flotilla 1. See CCB, ALPHA BOAT, TANGO BOAT, SEALORDS; compare JUNK FORCE, NAG.
MRRF :
Mobile Road Reaction Force
MRUV :
Mine-Resistant Utility Vehicle, a smaller and lighter version of the wheeled Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicle with an armored V-hull that's designed for use in constricted urban areas (CAIMAN) or off-road patrolling (M-ATV).
MSC :
Medical Service Corps, the administrative department for medical combat service support; known by the Navy as the Medical Administration Office; see REGISTRAR. Also, abbreviation for Military Sealift Command; compare MAC.
MSEAADR :
Mainland SouthEast Asia Air Defense Region.
MSF :
Mobile Strike Force, also called MIKE FORCE or STRIKERS; operating under the Mobile Strike Force Command (MSFC). See MGF, CSF, SF, BLACKJACK; compare UNPFK.
MSG :
abbreviation for Master SerGeant, being the non-commissioned officer (NCO) grade (E-8) between Sergeant First Class (E-7) and Sergeant Major or Command Sergeant Major (E-9), and represented by three chevrons above three ROCKERs as sleeve rank insignia; formerly abbreviated "MSgt", this rank is rated equal to First Sergeant (1SG / FSG). See SARGE, BUCK, RIGHT ARM, FIRST SHIRT, TOP, NCO, SUPER GRADE, RATING, GRADE, RANK.
M-6 SCOUT :
see SCOUT, ASW, OVER 'n' UNDER. [cf: the LeMat revolver was a double-barreled nine-shot pistol that was developed by Jean A.F. LeMat, a New Orleans physician, in 1856 for close combat by naval and cavalrymen; chambered for .40 caliber and 18 gauge, it was preferred by Confederate generals J.E.B. Stuart and P.G.T. Beauregard]
M-16 RIFLE :
an assault rifle (AR) used by the military since the Vietnam-era; see BLACK MAGIC, WIDOW MAKER, OVER 'n' UNDER, POODLE SHOOTER, TUPPERWARE, AR-15, UP-GUN.
M-60 MG :
the 7.62mm machinegun; see NUMBER SIXTY, PIG, MG.
MSL :
Mean Sea Level, being the average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide, and used as a reference for elevations. Compare AGL; see G [gravity]. [cf: geoid]
MSOS :
Marine Special Operations School; established 27 June 2007 with the stated intent by USMC of becoming the premier Foreign Internal Defense (FID) and Unconventional Warfare (UW) university in the entire Special Operations Forces (SOF) community. Compare Joint Special Operations University at USSOC, SWS, SWC&S.
MSQ :
RADAR (qv).
MSR :
Military Supply Route; also "Main Supply Route"; see COMBAT LOADED, RED BALL, BLUE BALL, LOG; compare MLR.
MTB :
Motor Torpedo Boat; compare PT BOAT, GUNBOAT, MICKEY MOUSE BATTLESHIP; see BOAT.
M-3 TRENCH KNIFE :
see TRENCH KNIFE; compare BAYONET. [nb: "The Trench Knife M-3 has been developed to fill the need in modern warfare for hand-to-hand fighting. While designated for issue to soldiers not armed with the bayonet, it was especially designed for such shock units as parachute troops and rangers." U.S. Catalog of Standard Ordnance Items (1943)]
MTO :
abbreviation for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, being the WWII designation for the area encompassing Italy, Sicily, Greece, Crete, Turkey, and the Balkans; the MTO supplanted the North African Theater of Operations, US Army (NATOUSA); see ETO, NATO.
MTOE :
Modified Table of Organization and Equipment; see TO&E/TOE, TO, SPAGHETTI CHART.
MTR :
81mm mortar
abbreviation for MorTaR (qv), also called "vest-pocket artillery" and "mortie", but informally known as STOVEPIPE or PISS TUBE. Also, abbreviation for motor.
MTT :
Mobile Training Team, an advisory element operating within a district or region to improve defenses and enhance skills of local forces; often a TDY assignment. See MAT.
MTV :
(forthcoming); Medium Tactical Vehicle; compare LMTV, see TRUCK.
M-2 / MK2 KNIFE :
designation (Mark 2 / Mark II) for the clip-pointed, single-edged, bowie-style, fighting utility knife issued by the U.S. Navy from 1942 as a more practical replacement for the Mk1 / M-1 TRENCH KNIFE; the 1219C2 is commonly called a KABAR, regardless of manufacturer. [ie: USMC Mark 2 Knife, Fighting Utility; and U.S. Navy Utility Knife, Mark 2]
M-2 MG :
the Browning .50cal machinegun of blowback recoil operation with heavy-barrel (c1919); see FIFTY, MA DEUCE, QUAD 50, HEAVY MG.
M-203 :
see OVER 'n' UNDER; compare BLOOPER, THUMPER, MGL, DOVER DOG, BOFORS, DUSTER.
MTX :
Mountain Training eXercise, or simply MounTain eXercise; see MOUNTAINEER, WINTER WARRIOR, EXERCISE.
MUC :
1944 MUC
1947 MUC
Meritorious Unit Commendation, effective 1 Jan 1944 for combat related service; initially existed as a laurel wreath worn on the sleeve cuff, with subsequent awards designated by numerals within the wreath, but the award was redesigned in 1947 as a red ribbon framed by laurel leaves. Due to military procurement, there were so many of the sleeve-style awards remaining in inventory that the revised breast-style was not issued until 1967. The MUC is issued in an Army (red) version, in Navy / Marine Corps (blue, gold stripes) version, or in Coast Guard (blue, green, white stripes) version. The Army designates that UNIT CITATIONs (and foreign awards) shall be worn opposite individual decorations, but the Navy and Marine Corps integrate them in their order of precedence. Compare OUA, JMUA; see UNIT CITATION, GONG.
MUD :
slang for military coffee, also known as joe, sludge, washy, java, mocha, espresso, brew, black water, brown blood, boiler acid, battery acid, and nectar of the gods; see GI JOE. Also, the natural and normal operational environment of real soldiers; see GRUNT, SNUFFY, ATLAS; compare TOY SOLDIER, WHISKEY WARRIOR.
MUD DUCK :
slang for any shallow water sailor, including Marines and COASTIES; also known as a BROWN WATER SAILOR serving in the Mobile Riverine Force (MRF) or "Brown Water Navy". See JUNK FORCE, SEALORDS, NAG.
MUD-FOOT :
slang for infantryman; see GRUNT, SNUFFY, CRUNCHY, BOONIE RAT, DOUGHBOY, GI JOE.
MUD MOVER :
slang for any low-level attack aircraft providing close air support (CAS) to ground elements, such as A-6 INTRUDER or A-10 WARTHOG; also called "mud pounder" or GROUND POUNDER.
MUD ON YOUR BOOTS :
a suggestion to put theory into practice, to put concepts into action, to put ideas to the test of actuality, as in "Let's try it by getting a little mud on our boots." or "Go out and get some mud on your boots."; a recommendation (if not an admonition) to get out of the classroom and into the field, to get out of the office and into the dirt, to get off the parade field and into the mud!
MUDPUPPY :
slang for infantryman; see GRUNT, SNUFFY, CRUNCHY, BOONIE RAT, DOUGHBOY, GI JOE.
MUFF DIVER :
muff diver para
a mock qualification badge ironically presented to paratroopers for sexual performance, especially cunnilingus; badge depicts a fully exposed naked woman spread across Army or Marine parachutist's WINGS. A similar Navy or Air Force pilot's badge was "awarded" to BUSH PILOTS. See CHOWING DOWN, LOVE HANDLES, HEAD, HUMMER, DAISY CHAIN, HAT TRICK, WINGS, BIB, TRICK, BUTTERFLY, FUCK, DIDDLY, HOOKUP, CHURNING BUTTER, BOOM-BOOM, SHORT-TIME, SHACK-JOB. [nb: a "red wing" variant is "awarded" for performing cunnilingus during menstruation] [aka: 60, 69, oral sex, oral copulation, cunnilingus, cunny-delicious, rug / carpet muncher, eat / eating out, lickety-splitter, cunt licker, pussy eater, pussy chewer, cunt chomper, tongue 'n' groove, lip sucker, lick the cat, eat the beaver, taste tuna taco, go down / -on, pearl diver, deep dive, Aussie kiss (a French kiss down under)] [nb: 'lecher' derives from "to lick gluttonously"]
MUFTI :
civilian clothes worn by someone usually in uniform; the implication being that the clothes cannot hide the man, or that the man wears casual attire like a uniform would be worn. Origin obscure, but probably derived from the similarity of deportment between Muslim counselors and off-duty military officers. See DOG ROBBER, BEARING, CIVVIES, T-SHIRT, SKIVVIES, PARTY SUIT, FEATHERS, DRESS.
MUGR :
(mugger) Miniature Underwater Global positioning system Receiver; a waterproof tactical locator/plotter selectively issued to SEALs and other SOF elements; see GPS. [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MUHAMMADAN :
of or pertaining to Islam or the prophet Muhammad, as a follower or adherent thereof; a Muslim; see MUJ, SANDY, HAJJI, ALI BABA, SKINNY, STREET ARAB, BAD GUYS, ISLAMOFASCISM, INSURGENT, TERRORIST, ALLAH'S WAITING ROOM. [nb: the argument about the efficacy of discouraging Muslim fanatics by tainting them with pork (ie: bullets coated with lard, corpses sprinkled with pig's blood, body parts buried inside pig carcasses, corpses buried with pig entrails and offal) has been revived since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, claiming continuity with John J. "Blackjack" pershing's (restrained) treatment of the Moros on Mindanao (cf: Mount Dajo campaigns by Blackjack Pershing vs Leonard Wood), when the association should properly be made with the British in colonial India during the Sepoy Rebellion (aka: Indian Mutiny 1857-8) when the atrocities were profoundly savage; Muslims scorn these scare tactics, noting that the body of a martyr who dies for the faith is so pure that his body is exempt from the usual practices, and that his soul goes directly to paradise, regardless of any enemy mistreatment] [v: "It was Colonel Alexander Rodgers of the 6th Cavalry who accomplished by taking advantage of religious prejudice what the bayonets and Krags had been unable to accomplish (on Mindanao). Rodgers inaugurated a system of burying all dead juramentados in a common grave with the carcasses of slaughtered pigs. The Mohammedan religion forbids contact with pork; and this relatively simple device resulted in the withdrawal of juramentados to sections not containing a Rodgers. Other officers took up the principle, adding new refinements to make it additionally unattractive to the Moros. In some sections the Moro juramentado was beheaded after death and the head sewn inside the carcass of a pig. And so the rite of running juramentado, at least semi-religious in character, ceased to be in Sulu. The last cases of this religious mania occurred in the early decades of the (20th) century. The juramentados were replaced by the amucks ... who were simply homicidal maniacs with no religious significance attaching to their acts." Jungle Patrol: The Story of the Philippine Constabulary by Victor Hurley (E.P. Dutton, New York 1938)]
MUJ :
(mooge) contraction of Mujahideen / Mujahedin / Mujaheddin, being a Muslim GUERRILLA fighting in and around the region of Afghanistan; also called "The Muj", as derived from "one who wages jihad". This term is more descriptive than derogatory, with its usage dependent upon tone and context, and upon which side the MUJ is fighting; it should be noted that these fighters take credit for toppling the USSR as a religious triumph, while America is given credit for causing the collapse of Soviet communism by economic means. See GULF WAR, ABSURDISTAN, RAGHEAD, SANDY, HAJJI, STREET ARAB, LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, INDIG. [aka: camel jockey, camel cowboy, goat roper, snake charmer, carpet pilot, rug rider, sand flea, sand monkey, sand nigger, desert darky, dune coon, tarsh, ali baba, ahab, aladdin, habib, zalama, zol]
MULE :
Army mule mascot
a small, lightweight, low-profile, open-frame, four-wheel drive utility vehicle that was used in Vietnam to rapidly transport up to a ton of equipment, weapons, and men over difficult terrain; probably inspired by the "dune buggy", and developed before the later military imitations of the All Terrain Vehicle (ATV), namely the Light Surveillance Vehicle (LSV) and Fast Attack Vehicle (FAV). The MULE, designated M-274 half-ton truck, was operated by an opposed two-cylinder pull-cord (Tecumseh) engine, and could be propelled while the driver was prone. It could transport men and their equipment, or mount a 60mm mortar, a 90mm recoilless rifle, or 75mm pack howitzer. The MULE was withdrawn from inventory due to inadequate wheel and axle performance; the lack of protection for the driver and passengers compromised its function when later redesigned. Compare CHAPARRAL, GAMMA GOAT, IRON DOG. Also, Air Force slang for a towing tractor (tug) that's used to maneuver maintenance or cargo loads, and to move airplanes into and out of HANGARs or REVETMENTs; see PUSHBACK. Also, the sterile offspring of a female horse and a male donkey (as distinguished from 'hinny'); being the mascot of the U.S. Army that's traditionally maintained at West Point (USMA); see BULLDOG, GOAT, THE BIRD, BLACK DEVIL, MEAT MARKER. [nb: the "Black Knight" is the mascot of the U.S. Military Academy] [nb: although the mule has been designated as the Army mascot since 1899 (to counter the Navy goat), the first Army mascot mule to be named was "Mister Jackson" (after Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson) in 1936; others have included "Poncho" (or "Skippy"), "Hannibal I" (or "Bud"), "K.C. Mo", "Trotter", "Hannibal II" (or "Jack"), "Buckshot", "Spartacus" (or "Frosty"), "Ranger I", "Black Jack", "Traveler" (or "Dan"), "Trooper" (or "Ernie"), "Raider" (or "Joker"), "Ranger II" (or "George"), "General Scott" (or "Scotty"), "Ranger III" (or "Jack"), "Stryker" (or "Abe")] Also, a stubbornly determined person; someone mulish, headstrong, willful, obdurate, obstinate, intractable, or fractious; see HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, BRASS EAR, HARD-SET. [nb: "Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass ...." Isaiah 48:4 KJV Bible] Also, a mixed drink made with vodka, ginger beer, and lime juice that's traditionally served over ice in a copper mug garnished with a slice of lime or a sprig of mint; also known as a "buck" or "Moscow mule", this cocktail was created during WWII to demonstrate solidarity with America's Russian allies, but after the onset of the COLD WAR, its popularity diminished, as did all vodka drinks; see BREW, HOOCH, GROG, JUICE, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, GUSTO.
MULTIPLE UTILITY BUILDING :
a modular arched-roof building, also known as a "Multiple Building", that could be expanded in both directions; sized 82' X 102' that could be extended in width by 61.5' increments and extended in length by 100' increments. According to the Multiple Building manual [National Steel Products], it was possible to add an endless number of segmented sections, since the design allowed for expansion in both directions. Using many of the same parts fabricated for the UTILITY BUILDING, it accomplished larger spans by introducing a rectilinear steel frame upon which arched roof segments were joined, one to the other, with low sloping valley gutters. The largest assemblage of Multiple Buildings was said to have been a 54,000-square-foot warehouse in Guam that was nicknamed the "Multiple Mae West". Compare STEELDROME, ELEPHANT HUT; see DEPOT, GODOWN, BLDG, BILLET. [v: British Nissen hut]
MULTIPRONG / MULTIPRONGED :
coined during the KOREAN WAR-era as a COMBINED ARMS tactic wherein separately projecting subdivisions coalesce upon the target, or several separate elements converge and coincide from different directions as a concentrated force upon the objective; see FORCE MAJEURE, compare FRONTAL ASSAULT. Also, a concept used figuratively to represent the approach of several points of view from different perspectives in systems analysis or problem solving; also represented as "multidisciplinary" or "heterodox".
MUM :
silenced or concealed, suppressed or quashed; see HUSH-HUSH, QT; compare CLASSIFIED, NEED TO KNOW. [nb: "hush-hush" and "mum" mean 'silent' (don't talk about it), rather than 'secret']
MUNITIONS :
Ordnance
war materials, weapons and ammunition; derived from fortify or defend. Ordnance is marked blue (mock, dummy) for training, and white (live) for "war shot". Emptied munitions' cases were often recycled or re-used, as in FORTIFICATION, BUNKER, REVETMENT, or SANDBAG. See AMMO, LINK AMMO, TRACER, COFRAM, HARDBALL, DUMDUM, HOT SHOT, CARTRIDGE, SHELL, CALIBER, BURSTING CHARGE, BEEHIVE, CANISTER, HE, HEAT, APHE, API, SABOT, WP, ICM, BOOBY-TRAP, HME, IED, EFP, MOLOTOV COCKTAIL, SOUP, COCKTAIL, TOE-POPPER, MINE, MCCM, CLAYMORE, GRENADE, FRAG, BLOOPER, RIFLE GRENADE, POP SMOKE, FUZE, FUSE, EXPLODER, TRIGGER, C-4, IRON BOMB, BUTTERFLY BOMB, BUNKER BUSTER, FAE, CBU, SUBMUNITION, GBU, LGB, JDAM, SNAKE, SNAKES 'n' NAPES, NAPALM, WMD, NUKE, BIG STUFF, HEAVY STUFF, STABALLOY, DU, STAND-OFF, FLAK, AIRBURST, DAISY CUTTER, COOK-OFF, WARHEAD, BRING SMOKE, LOCK 'n' LOAD, SILENCER, MAGAZINE / MAG, DRUM, BANDOLEER, MUSETTE, RACK, HARDPOINT, SUMP, DUMP, TOMB, BOMB FARM, CACHE, BB STACKER, HEAVY DROP, DROPMASTER, LOADMASTER, SHORT-SHOT, COLLATERAL DAMAGE, LETHAL RADIUS, EOD, UXO, DUD, ELDEST SON, CONTRABAND.
MURDER BOARD :
slang for a committee of questioners assembled to prepare a candidate for a qualification test; an informal review board that's been convened to scrutinize the qualifications of the candidate, exposing their deficiencies and delinquencies in hopes of preventing failure at the actual test. This preliminary panel prepares both enlisted and commissioned servicemembers for a rating. Originating in the military, these preparation panels are now widely used in academics and politics for their efficacy, with this descriptor based upon the severity of their questions and the detailed knowledge expected for approval. See BOARD, MIL-CRAFT, RATING, STRIKER, OJT, 3 R's, CROSS-TRAINING, MOS, PMOS; compare BAYONET, BAYONET SHEET, ARTICLE 32. [cf: oral comprehensives] [nb: not 'murder' as constituting a group ("murder of crows") but anything extremely difficult or unpleasant]
MURPHY's LAW :
any concise aphorism or succinct maxim, often representing some universal experience by an anonymous composer; often subdivided into variations (eg: Sarge's Corollary to MURPHY's LAW, or Doc's Contamination Theorem of MURPHY's LAW). Ostensibly derived from a fictitious bungling mechanic in the USN educational cartoons of 1950s; but actually originating with USAF Captain Edward A. Murphy Jr, who discovered that the deceleration gauges on Major John P. Stapp's rocket-sled test in December 1954 at Edwards AFB were installed wrong, and he proclaimed the first law: "if something can go wrong, it will" ["If there's more than one way to do a job, and one of those ways will end in disaster, then someone will do it that way."]. Over the next decade, MURPHY's Fundamental LAWs were created by scientists and engineers; but the VIETNAM WAR generated a new version: Murphy's Laws of Combat . Compare GREMLIN, BUG, PLAN B, SEAT OF THE PANTS, CATCH-22; see PARKINSON'S LAW, PETER PRINCIPLE, OCCAM'S RAZOR, LESSONS LEARNED. [v: "An order that can be misunderstood will be misunderstood." attributed to Helmut von Moltke] [cf: 'Finagle's Law' or 'Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives' has been rendered as "Anything that can go wrong, will." or "If something can go wrong, it will go wrong at the worst possible moment.", which is a generalized version of Murphy's Law, but is not eponymous ... 'finagle' (derived from renege) means to trick, scheme, manipulate, deceive, defraud, swindle, cheat] [cf: 'Hanlon's Razor' is a corollary of Finagle's Law, asserting "Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity." and has been alternatively stated "Never invoke conspiracy when ignorance and incompetence will adequately suffice, since conspiracy implies intelligence."] [v: graffiti, samizdat, pasquinade ... political jokes were called "tiny revolutions" by George Orwell] [v: "Murphy" by Samuel Beckett (1938)]
MUSETTE / MUSETTE BAG :
a small bag or satchel with a shoulder strap, used for medical or military sundries; also known as haversack. Until the grenadier's vest for the M-79 was developed, this bag was primarily used for carrying grenades and mines. Compare MED BAG, AWOL BAG, FLIGHT BAG, WAR BAG, DUFFEL BAG, BIVY. [nb: "rucksack" = back-sack; "knapsack" = bite/snap-up/eat, food sack; "kit-bag" = soldier's small bag/knapsack; "haversack" = single-strapped feed bag worn over one shoulder; musette = single-strapped small bag worn over one shoulder] [cf: bundle, bindle/bindlea, swag, bluey, dilly bag, tucker-bag, bag, pouch, tote, sack, traps, pack, grip, gripsack, overnighter, weekender, holdall, carpetbag, B-4 bag, suitcase, one-suiter, single-suiter, two-suiter, three-suiter, portmanteau, Gladstone bag, traveling case, garment bag, Val-Pack, luggage; v: "scrip" wayfarer's bag or wallet; "viaticum" traveler's money and necessities]
MUSHROOM :
KITD-FOHS
nickname for a pawn, tool, CAT'S-PAW, foil, stooge, or other clandestine operative, who was subject to NEED TO KNOW cutouts, being "kept in the dark and fed on horse shit" (KITD-FOHS), or "Watch 'em grow like MUSHROOMs when kept in the dark and fed a lot of shit!"; such is known as a "toadstool" in the Navy; see RUMOR, BRAVO SIERRA, BURY ONE'S HEAD IN THE SAND, SPOOK. [nb: mushroom is the general class of fleshy fungi, among which the toadstool is poisonous] Also, slang for a parabolic or round-top PARACHUTE. Also, slang for a civilian victim of COLLATERAL DAMAGE, so-called for their tendency to suddenly pop-up in TARGET areas thought to be vacant or clear of noncombatants; see CIVCAS, SOFT TARGET, SURGICAL STRIKE. [cf: "kindermorde" (slaughter of the innocent); nb: it is an irony of war that more civilians die during combat than do soldiers, sailors, and airmen; not just COLLATERAL DAMAGE from inadvertent propinquity, but due to starvation, disease, exposure and other mortal adversities]
MUSHROOM CLOUD :
a large mushroom-shaped cloud that forms rapidly from the smoke and debris dispersed into the atmosphere after an explosion, which shortly dissipates; this formation is especially characteristic of a nuclear explosion. See GENIE, DRAGON'S BREATH, FLASH BURN, NUKE, ZERO POINT, GROUND ZERO, MOAB, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK. [cf: pother]
MUSIC :
slang for RADAR jamming, BUG masking, or other ECM techniques, as "loud MUSIC" or "heavy MUSIC"; see NOISE, MIJI, FANFARE, CHAFF. Also, organized sound having the forms of rhythm, melody, harmony, and dynamics; see BEATERS 'n' BLEATERS, TOOTER, BUGLE CALL, TATTOO, SALUTE, RUFFLES 'n' FLOURISHES, REVEILLE, RETREAT, TAPS, NO-DOZE, FACE THE MUSIC. Also, any of the "normal" sounds of the conduct of military activity, including training and operations, such as sounding JODY CALLs, shooting MAIN-GUNs, firing RIFLEs or machineguns, detonating MINEs or EXPLOSIVEs, the rotor noise of flying CHOPPERs, the TRACK squeak of TANKs or SP artillery, the passage of CONVOYs, the CADENCE of footsteps MARCHing together, BUGLE CALL announcements ... any of the sounds that stir the heart of a WARRIOR ("That's music to my ears!") and "speak" to the lifestyle of uniformed MIL-PERS.
MUST :
Medical Unit Self-contained Transportable; also abbreviated "MUSCT"; see HOSPITAL.
MUSTANG :
originally any Naval Petty Officer advanced to commissioned officer RANK, as "promoted up through the hatch", but universally adopted for any commissioned officer having prior enlisted service, having been promoted by any means; see MAVERICK, UP THE HAWSEPIPE, BLUE BLOOD, COCKTAIL, OFFICER'S COUNTRY. Also, the North American P-51 fighter-bomber that succeeded the THUNDERBOLT, and was later designated F-51 / F-6 for close air support (CAS); compare TWIN MUSTANG, see BIRD.
MUSTER :
to summon, gather, collect, or assemble a military unit for inspection or duty, sometimes jocularly referred to as "cluster muster"; see FALL-IN / FALL-OUT, CALL TO THE COLORS, FOLLOW THE DRUM, RA, VOLUNTEER, TOTAL FORCE. Derived from show, display, demonstrate; related to "MUSTER roll" for roster, to "MUSTER out" for DISCHARGE, and to "pass MUSTER" for approval (used in the same sense of being found worthy as "cut the mustard"). [cf: warison; v: clarion call]
MUSTER DAY :
historically, the annual day for enrollment in the MILITIA of all able-bodied men, aged 18 to 45, according to a law established in 1792, remaining in effect until after the American CIVIL WAR.
MUTILATE / MUTILATION :
to disfigure or make imperfect by irreparably damaging or removing parts thereof, especially when permanently injuring the configuration of a person. Also, to deprive a person or other animal of a necessary or essential part, as by impairing or crippling; derived from 'cut off' or 'maim'. See MILLION DOLLAR WOUND, PROFILE, ZULU, WHOLE MAN. Also, made essentially defective or imperfect, as in the tactical result of sacrificing a part for the whole; see LAST STAND, SUICIDE SQUAD, DECOY, AUTOTOMY.
MUTINEER :
a soldier or sailor who rebels against duly constituted authority; that is, someone who commits MUTINY. See RIOT ACT, BATS 'n' HATS, CALL ON THE CARPET, PETITION, DRUMHEAD. [v: sedition, misprision, lese / lèse-majesté, barratry]
MUTINY :
an insurrection or rebellion, such as a takeover to overthrow a duly constituted authority; compare INSURGENCY, REVOLUTION, COUP D'ETAT, STRUGGLE, CONFLICT, TREASON. [v: sedition, misprision, lese / lèse-majesté, barratry] [cf: 1783 Newburgh conspiracy]
MUTT :
(forthcoming); acronym for the 4WD, quarter-ton, M-151 Military Utility Tactical Truck; see HUMVEE, GAMMA GOAT, DUCK/DUKW, FAV, ORV, MULE. [nb: in 1970, the M-151A2 revised the rear (semi-trailing arm) suspension, which improved safety and fast cornering, but also added combination turn signals and blackout lights to its reworked fenders]
MUTUAL ADMIRATION SOCIETY :
an informal syndicate setup to benefit its members; a form of the "self-promotion and mutual-protection league" or the "old-boy network"; see BOY'S CLUB, GOOD OLD BOY, RING-KNOCKER, KHAKI MAFIA, THE ESTABLISHMENT, BROWNIE / BROWN NOSE, VET / VETERAN, PROFESSIONAL VETERAN, MILICRAT, RHIP, FAST TRACK, TICKET-PUNCHER, VULCANIZE. [nb: every MILICRAT knows that the most dangerous people in the military are not HEROes, but are disgruntled MIL-PERS who are frustrated by MICKEY MOUSE and CHICKEN SHIT, by SNOW and RED TAPE, and having been passed over twice for promotion, are serving their terminal assignment, and because they are honorable men who have not STACKed ARMS, they know that there is nothing that the TICKET-PUNCHERs and RING-KNOCKERs of the KHAKI MAFIA can do to them!]
MUX :
MUltipleXor, also spelled "multiplexer"; being a transmitter, or system of transmission, that simultaneously sends two or more signals or messages over a single channel or circuit. Also, a stereoscopic device used in mapping that makes it possible to view pairs of aerial photographs in three dimensions.
MUZZLE :
the discharge end, or mouth, of a firearm, PISTOL, RIFLE, cannon, or gun; derived from snout. Many soldiers formed the habit of covering the MUZZLE of their RIFLES with a cap of 100 MPH TAPE, later replaced by a condom after the open-prong FLASH SUPPRESSOR on the AR-15/M-16 was modified, which helped to keep the RIFLE barrel clean and dry; and this "muzzle capping" unwittingly imitated the practice of soldiers in previous centuries who plugged (tampion) their gun barrels when not in use. See BORESIGHT, SUPPRESSOR, MUZZLE-BRAKE, BLANK ADAPTER, MG, SMG, MAIN-GUN, SILENCER. [nb: when condoms were requisitioned during WWII, the reason given was for muzzle capping of SMALL ARMS rather than prophylaxis] [nb: the 1795 Springfield Arsenal musket (smoothbore, flintlock, .69 caliber muzzleloader) was the first official shoulder-firearm to use standardized interchangeable parts] [v: Firearms Glossary ]
MUZZLE-BRAKE :
the modification, by porting or attachment, of a firearm barrel that reduces recoil, stabilizes rotation, and compensates for climb during discharge by deflecting the explosive exit of the propellent gases; also called a "recoil compensator" or simply "compensator". While a SMALL ARMS compensator will reduce muzzle climb during automatic fire, it greatly increases the muzzle flash and discharge report of the weapon. Although this deflector may superficially resemble (at least on SMALL ARMS) a FLASH SUPPRESSOR, its purpose is very different and its function is directional: sending the muzzle blast upwards on submachineguns (SMG) and RIFLEs, while porting the blast sideways (for improved viewing) on the MAIN-GUN of cannon and TANKs. Compare SILENCER. [v: "Cutts Compensator" on Thompson submachinegun]
MUZZLE-RING :
fixed bayonet
a circular opening inlet into the crossguard of a detachable BAYONET that fits over the MUZZLE or FLASH SUPPRESSOR of a RIFLE to enhance alignment and reinforcement of the KNIFE when attached to the mounting lug. [v: Knife Terms ; The Language of Swordplay ]
MWI :
Mountain Warfare Instructor, being the RED HATS cadre at the USMC Mountain Warfare Training Center (MWTC) located near Bridgeport California.
MWR :
Morale, Welfare, and Recreation; being those activities and facilities provided to servicemembers, retirees, and their families, sometimes subsidized with no charge to the user, but often at rates lower than commercial prices.
MWR LINE :
long-distance FONECON or E-MAIL provided to all unit members on a schedule at low charge (domestic) or no cost (overseas) as a perquisite of the subsidized Morale, Welfare, and Recreation program; see MAIL, TELEPHONE, SKYPE.
MWS :
Mountain Warfare School; conducts a challenging two-week program under tactical conditions at Camp Ethan Allen in Jericho Vermont; see MOUNTAINEER, WINTER WARRIOR.
MWTC :
Mountain Warfare Training Center, being the Marine Corps school for individuals and units undertaking cold weather operations in alpine terrain that's been situated northwest of Bridgeport (Toiyabe National Forest, California, south of Lake Tahoe in the Sierra Nevadas); this installation originated as the Cold Weather Battalion in 1951 for training replacements sent to the KOREAN WAR, with its role and doctrine expanded in 1963 to encompass high altitude and mountain warfare, then oriented to Norway and the northern flank of Europe, but lately as pre-deployment preparation for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan. Like the Army's RANGER school, students attending the USMC's MWTC begin with the Mountain Endurance Test on Training Day One: a five mile ruck run with 50lb pack completed within 75 minutes or less while wearing the camouflage uniform and boots, immediately followed by at least ten pull-ups, then finishing with a 30 foot rope climb. The MWTC offers training in leadership and management, survival and skillcrafts (eg: scout/sniper, ropework and rappelling, rock and ice, snow and avalanches, snowshoeing and skiing, vehicle operation, animal transport, high altitude cooking, cold weather medicine and rescue, navigation and hazards, etc), which facilities also include a gym, climbing wall, ski lift, airfield, displays, maneuver areas, and firing ranges. See RED HATS, MOUNTAINEER, WINTER WARRIOR. [v: Climbing Terms ]
MYSTERY MEAT :
any ground or smothered entree that's disguised to conceal its inferiority as a palatable foodstuff (eg: mock chicken, mock turtle soup, sea legs / surimi, Bombay duck, Welsh rabbit, golden buck). Also, dismissive reference to any unknown or unknowable entree/entrée, especially in a foreign cuisine or with wild game, including varmints and arthropods, amphibians and avifauna. See HARDTACK, RICE BALL, PITA, CAMEL BURGER, SANDWICH, BOXED NASTY, HORSE COCK, SLIDER, CRITTER FRITTER, CAVALRY STEAK, SPAM, MIDRATS, SLOP, GUT BOMB, WASH, WAD, IRON RATIONS, STONE SOUP, BEANS, CHOW, RATIONS. [cf: tube steak, cheese steak, minute steak, Swiss steak, Salisbury steak; v: porterhouse steak (ie: sirloin steak and New York strip steak), club steak, skirt steak, round steak, shell steak, T-bone steak, cube steak]
MYTH :
an invented story or fictitious person; as a contrivance, fabrication, fantasy, falsehood, tall tale, prevarication, canard, hearsay, anecdote, yarn, poseur, faker, pretender, fraud, imitator, sham, counterfeit, spurious, bogus, specious; see COUNT COUP, WAR STORY, CHITTY CHITTY BANG BANG, SEA STORY, TELL IT TO THE MARINES, TALK TRASH, SHOOT THE SHIT, MACHO, WHISKEY WARRIOR, TOY SOLDIER, WANNABE. [v: Myths of the Vietnam War ] Also, a belief or set of beliefs, often unproven or false, that have accrued around a person or people, institution or phenomenon, such as the "myth of moral authority", the "myth of intellectual superiority", or the "myth of sexual endowment"; see BEST AND BRIGHTEST, WHIZ KID, WISE MEN, MANDARIN, CZAR, POLITICIAN. Also, a traditional story, involving gods and heroes, that explains cultural beliefs and practices, natural objects and phenomena, supernatural forces and events; the underlying system of beliefs that are characteristic of a particular cultural group; also known as 'mythos', and collected into 'mythology', as derived from story (Greek 'word'). [nb: a LEGEND is usually concerned with a real person or event, which story is associated with a particular people and is believed to have some basis in fact; a MYTH is a purportedly historical story that attempts to explain some belief, practice, or phenomenon, with its characters being gods or heroes; a FABLE is a fictitious story that intends to teach a moral lesson, with its characters being anthropomorphized animals or magical creatures; cf: homily, allegory, parable, apologue, tale, folk tale, fairy tale] [nb: "Heroes are long remembered, but legends never die."; "The great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the clichés of our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought." by John F. Kennedy (11 June 1962); "From the perspective of our old age, the reckless adventures of our impetuous youth begin to take-on the aura of fantastic mythology!" paraphrase of Craig Johnson (2015)]
| Hamburger |
Who played the title role in the film 'Dr. No'? | COMBAT MilTerms: M
Marine Amphibious Brigade.
MAC :
(mack) Military Airlift Command, redesignated from Military Air Transport Service (MATS) on 1 Jan 1966, which is Uncle Sugar's no-frills airline for "Space Available" travel by dependents and retirees; often interpreted as "Maybe Airplane Come". See ATC, MATS, ATS, AMC, MASQ, SPACE A, DEADHEAD; compare MSC. Also, Military Assistance Command, as in MACV and MACTHAI.
MACADAM / MACADAMIZED :
a road or airfield base made of broken stone, oil, tar, pitch, or bituminous composition, creating a stable, all-weather surface, that's easily maintained; also called "tarmacadam" or simply "tarmac" (after its inventor J.L. McAdam), as distinguished from cobblestone and corduroy, and also known by the Briticism "road metal". See TAXIWAY, APRON, RAMP, RUNWAY, PSP, MARSDEN MATTING, MOBI-MAT. [v: blacktop; cf: laterite road, two-track]
MACCOC :
Military Assistance Command (Vietnam) Combat Operations Center; see OPN.
MACH :
a number indicating the ratio of the speed of an object relative to the speed of sound in the medium through which the object is moving; being an eponym (Ernst Mach) that's abbreviated "M". MACH is not a measure of the speed of an object but of the speed of sound from that object passing through a particular medium, as effected by atmospheric pressure and temperature, which is not constant; most modern jets fly at about 420 to 580 miles per hour (mph), or at about 75 percent of the speed of sound. See SONIC BOOM, SUPERSONIC, HYPERSONIC, SCRAMJET, JET PROPULSION, FAE. [nb: the velocity and distance that sound travels in either air or water depends upon atmospheric pressure, medium temperature, molecular density, and turbulence; such that under equivalent conditions, sound moves faster in salt water than in fresh, faster in fresh water than in air. The audible range of sound wave frequencies for humans is 20 - 20,000 Hz; above which ultrasonic waves may be felt, instead of heard.]
MACHETE :
a heavy utilitarian implement for slashing and chopping, and also used as a weapon in sword-like cutting; this Spanish-American knife derives its name from "macho sledgehammer". Consisting of a painted 16-18 inch carbon steel blade with a straight back, its single-edge curves deeply from the tip and tapers to the handle without a crossguard. Formerly the handle was unfinished wood, but during the VIETNAM WAR, the handle was changed to black plastic, making it harder to grasp. The wrist thong, drilled or molded, is a valuable safety feature for this tool. The pattern of the blade tip and curve have altered over the decades, but the MACHETE is not an axe nor a sickle, neither is it a sword, although it has been so used when nothing else was available. A MACHETE, having a simple beveled edge of mild steel (or of low hardness), is designed to chop woody stalks, reeds, canes, and vines, and is intended to be resharpened often with a rasp or whetstone. Earlier models also included a leather or canvas sheath, but that too became a plastic scabbard, making its carry and use much noisier. See BANANA BOLO, BOLO, ASTRONAUT SURVIVAL KNIFE, SMATCHET, V-44 MARINE RAIDER KNIFE, KNIFE. [v: gollock, kukri; cf: secateurs, pruners, loppers, shears, scissors] [v: Knife Terms ; The Language of Swordplay ]
MACHINEGUNNER :
see LMG, SAW, PIG, NUMBER SIXTY, HEAVY MG, FIFTY, MA DEUCE, QUAD 50, MINIGUN, LOADER, DOOR GUNNER, COOK-OFF, KICK, COAX, PINTLE, SPONSON, FPL, SPRAY, HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, MOAN 'n' GROAN, MAD MINUTE, FIREPOWER, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS. [nb: Vietnamese term: Xa Thu Lien Thanh] [nb: an MG fires RIFLE ammunition, but an SMG fires PISTOL ammunition] [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MACHO :
an assertive or domineering male, especially an arrogant specimen exhibiting exaggerated hypermasculine characteristics out of ignorance, inexperience, or immaturity; a misbegotten attitude that virility and strength, as masculine concomitants, confer social standing as an entitlement. Machismo embodies a mistaken sense of manliness; it is a contrapositive of "effeminate / effeminacy". Such a poseur is often known as a "mouth fighter", braggart, TOY SOLDIER, or WHISKEY WARRIOR. See GUTS, MOXIE, ONIONS, HERO, WATCH MY SMOKE, BITE THE BULLET, BRAGGING RIGHTS, BTDT, COUNT COUP, PISSING CONTEST, COLD WAR, FLOWER WAR, SHOW THE FLAG. [v: "chest bump", being a short-lived fad between the Vietnam-era and the Gulf-era where MACHO males expressed their solidarity and camaraderie by jumping at each other so as to slam their chests together ... requiring a modicum of coordination and strength, this theatrical gesture probably dissipated with the occurrence of 'nose bumps' and the onset of potbellies; nb: not to be confused with the MACHO contest commonly known as "Texas Chest Slapping", wherein two men (typically drunk) stand facing within arm's length of one another, alternately exchanging open-handed slaps to each other's chest in a DUEL to determine who will forfeit (alpha male) primacy by being made to stagger or fall from his position] [cf: wight, mensch / menschen; brio, élan vital]
MACI :
Military Adaptable Commercial Item; see LOGISTICS. [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MACOI :
Military Assistance Command (Vietnam) Office of Information; see PIO, PAO, WIEU, FIVE O'CLOCK FOLLIES, DOG 'n' PONY SHOW, SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS.
MAC-SOG / MACSOG :
Military Assistance Command - Studies and Observations Group; see MACV-SOG, SOG.
MACT :
(mack-tee) Military Assistance Command (Vietnam) Training directorate; see TRNG, TRAIN.
MACTHAI :
(mack-tie) Military Assistance Command THAIland; properly abbreviated as USMACTHAI.
MACV :
MACV
(mack-vee, not "m-a-c-v") Military Assistance Command Vietnam, from 8 Feb 1962, through 16 May 1964 reorganization after MAAG-VN deactivation, to 29 Mar 1973 disbandment. The crenelated yellow wall depicted fess on the MACV shoulder insignia (SSI) represents the Great Wall of China (CHINESE WALL), while the crusader's sword symbolically stops the gap of invasion.
MACV-SOG / MACVSOG :
unofficial
SOG emblem
COVER name for the interservice project known as "Military Assistance Command Vietnam - Studies and Observations Group" or 'Special Operations Group' (SOG); also known as MAC-SOG / MACSOG. [nb: personnel assigned to SOG / MACV-SOG wore the insignia of their parent unit (eg: Army personnel were assigned by Special Forces, MACV, or USARV) whenever not in a sterile uniform, but the unofficial patch for this covert organization was sometimes worn on a pocket, inside a blouse, inside a hat, or displayed as a "beer can" emblem on a plaque; although this unofficial design had many variants, it essentially consisted of pilot's wings and a fouled anchor surmounted by a shellburst with a grinning ("death's-head") skull and banner, the whole emblazoned on a shield; designed by MAJ Malcolm Vere "Mack" Fites, a Marine Corps officer assigned to OP-31 during 1965-66, its symbology represents an interservice project that was born on the battlefield]
MAD :
Magnetic Anomaly Detector, being a device trailed from a fuselage extension to about 3000ft in Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) searches; also called "MAD gear"; see GUPPY, ORION; compare LITTLE BUDDY. Also, acronym for Mutually Assured Destruction, being a US strategic policy of deterrence through irrevocable retaliation; compare GRADUATED RESPONSE, FLEXIBLE RESPONSE; see BRINKMANSHIP, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK, OVERKILL, UP-GUN, OUTGUN, TOTAL WAR, DOOMSDAY, KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT, KILL 'EM ALL, GENOCIDE. [v: vernichtungsgedanken] Also, abbreviation for Marine Aviation Detachment; compare MCAS, NAS.
MA DEUCE / FIFTY :
informal designation for the 1919 Browning M-2 .5O-caliber machinegun with heavy-barrel (@84#), being a belt-fed, recoil-operated, and air-cooled automatic weapon, 65" long, tripod or pedestal mounted, firing with a "butterfly" TRIGGER from the open-bolt position at a rate of 450-555rpm at a range of 7460 yards. See HEAVY MG, QUAD 50, MG, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS. [nb: the Browning M-3P .5O-caliber machinegun is remotely-controlled and electrically-fired, as designed for use in ground vehicles, watercraft, and aircraft] [nb: in 1983, the MK19-3 40mm grenade machinegun (@72.5#), being a belt-fed, blowback-operated, and air-cooled automatic weapon for delivering decisive firepower against enemy personnel and lightly armored vehicles to an effective range of 2200m, replaced the M-2 heavy machinegun as the primary suppressive weapon in vehicle-mounted combat support operations]
MADHOUSE :
slang for MACV headquarters, located at Ton Son Nhut (TSN) airport, and staffed by MAD MONKEYS; also called "Pentagon East", Fort Fumble, or Fudge Factory; compare PUZZLE PALACE, IMPERIAL PALACE, PINK PALACE, GROUND ZERO; see FIVE O'CLOCK FOLLIES, DOG 'n' PONY SHOW, JCS, HEADQUARTERISM. Also, slang for that place where the psycho or weirdo, nut or nutso, freak or wacko is taken after a psychotic episode, after a crack-up or breakdown, to go overboard or off the edge, to wig-out or freak-out, be bonkers or loopy; variously known as asylum, sanatorium, psychotherapeutic hospital, psychiatric hospital, insane asylum, mental health clinic, mental hygiene ward, psych ward, mental ward, bedlam, booby hatch, nuthouse, crazy house, cuckoo's nest, funny farm, funny house, loony bin, ding wing, hatchery, flight deck, or wack sack; see PTSD, FLASHBACK, THOUSAND-YARD STARE, TELESCOPING, BLACKOUT, ZOMBIE, WATERWORKS, DISSOCIATION, OBJECTIFICATION, CONVERSION SYMPTOMS. [nb: "basket-case" is a term for multiple amputee; now meaning an incapacitated or dysfunctional person, anyone or anything totally impaired]
MAD MINUTE :
concentrated fire of all weapons on perimeter for a brief period of time at optimum rate, set to coincide with STAND-TO or previously scheduled attack, so as to interrupt any enemy plans; also called MIKE-MIKE, "mad-mike", or "red splash", and formerly known as "morning concert". See HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, BUSTING CAPS, SPRAY, FLOCK SHOOT, BLIND FIRE, HAPPY FIRE; compare FPL, ENFILADE, RECON BY FIRE, RING OF FIRE.
MAD MONKEYS :
MACV staffers occupying the MADHOUSE (qv).
MAE WEST :
inflatable life vest. Also, parachute malfunction where suspension lines divide the main canopy into two sections, like a gigantic brassiere, as derived from allusion to famous full-breasted actress as namesake; properly called "lineover", but also resembles a "partial inversion".
MAF :
Marine Amphibious Force; see III MAF.
MAFFIA :
an exclusive set, in-group, coterie, or clique; see BOY'S CLUB, KHAKI MAFIA, RING-KNOCKER, CASTE.
MAFIA ROSARY :
see GARROTE.
MAG :
short for MAGazine; being the metal receptacle where ammunition is stored after being loaded from cartons, CLIPs, or BANDOLEERs until placed in the "magazine well" or "...housing" of an autoloading SMALL ARM. Magazine-fed weapons are distinguished from single-shot (eg: M-79 grenade launcher) and from belt-fed (eg: M-60 light machinegun). See DRUM, BANANA CLIP, C-CLIP, RIFLE, PISTOL, SMG, SAW, STONER; compare BLOOPER, MG, LINK AMMO, AMMO CAN, ARMS ROOM. [v: Firearms Glossary ] Also, abbreviation for Marine Air Group.
MAGAZINE :
a metal receptacle containing a number of CARTRIDGEs that's inserted into certain types of autoloading weapons, which, when empty, is removed and replaced by a full receptacle in order to continue firing; often shortened to 'MAG' (qv). Also, a room or separated place used for keeping GUNPOWDER and other EXPLOSIVEs, as in a FORT or on a WARSHIP. Also, a building or other separate place (eg: storehouse, warehouse) used for keeping military stores, such as arms, ammunition, or provisions; see ARSENAL, compare ARMS ROOM, ARMORY. [v: arming chest] Also, a collection of war MUNITIONS.
MAGEN DAVID ADOM :
the Red Star of David has been used since 1935 to represent Israel's national disaster, ambulance, emergency medical, and blood bank services, but this symbol is not recognized as a protective sign by the Geneva Conventions, and it has been rejected by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, arguing that a proliferation of designs would detract from the mission, until 22 June 2006 when a non-religious icon (red crystal or red diamond) was substituted. Although the Red Star of David is still displayed inside the country (sometimes surrounded by the generic red lozenge), only the RED CRYSTAL is recognized worldwide. [nb: RED CRYSTAL is officially identified as the Third Protocol Emblem or Protocol III] [nb: an attack upon a marked vehicle or facility, and the capture or injury of an unarmed aid worker at such a site is legally a 'war crime']
MAGGIE'S DRAWERS :
a firing range signal indicating that the shooter completely missed the target; originating with flag signals to score shooting accuracy. This is an obsolete expression (shooting has been scored electronically since the GULF WAR) but modern MIL-PERS have mistakenly used it as a synonym for FLYING BRAVO, especially in the sense of menstruation and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS); however the MAGGIE'S DRAWERS firing range signal was white, evocative of the color of women's panties of the era, while the FLYING BRAVO range warning flag is solid red in color. See BOLO, GROUP TIGHTENER, BULL'S-EYE, POINT-BLANK, RED FLAG; compare WIGWAG, GUIDON, WAVE OFF, DAP.
MAGGOT :
person assigned or serving with any MAAG element; may be spelled "MAAGgot". Also, Marine slang for a DUD, based upon classic definition of "soft-bodied legless larva"; compare SMACK, BOOT, PYHOOYA, see TADPOLE. Also, the larva of certain flies; see RICE KRISPIES, CRISPY CRITTER, TADPOLE, CREATURE FEATURE, FLOATER, BODY BAG. Also, an odd whim or fancy.
MAGICAL MYSTERY TOUR :
a catch-phrase for someone's next duty assignment, with implications of a quest involving unknown adventures and unexpected hazards; so-called after the 1967 Beatles' experimental (unscripted) film and six song (later expanded) soundtrack; see TDY, PCS, HOMESTEADER, TOUR BABY, DOG'S YEAR, HARDSHIP TOUR, GARDEN SPOT, BACKWASH, BUMFUCK, JUNKET.
MAGIC BULLET :
a lucky shot that finds a critical vulnerability out of sheer chance, being a constant risk of happenstance in war; see GOLDEN BB, ACHILLES HEEL, HAMSTRING, CHINK. Also, a contrived cure-all or concocted remedy to a problem or predicament; compare SILVER BULLET, BULLETPROOF, FAIRY DUST, VULCANIZE. [nb: the concept of a 'magic bullet' seemingly derives from the biochemical treatment of diseases that has been known as 'chemotherapy' since 1891, as coined by the research physician Paul Ehrlich]
MAGIC DUST :
see ANGEL DUST.
MAGIC KINGDOM :
a facetious reference to big government, being that monolithic edifice that represents its rapacious indifference as utopian; as derived from the many imaginative fantasies represented in myth and legend, such as C.S. Lewis' Narnia; see THE G, THE ESTABLISHMENT, ALPHABET CITY, SOG, FOGGY BOTTOM, GREEN ACRES, OLYMPUS, THE HILL, MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, UNCLE SAM. Also, by extension, any unrealistic scenario or fantastic construct; see THEME PARK, EXERCISE, WAR GAMES, CLOUD-CUCKOO-LAND, HOUSE OF CARDS, RABBIT HOLE.
MAGIC POTION :
slang for any powerful liquid, especially a drink that enchants or enthralls; also called "witches' brew" or "devil's brew". Also, slang for any liquid concoction, especially one used as a medium or carrier for some diagnostic or therapeutic treatment; a medicinal elixir. Also, slang for any volatile fluid used as an explosive; also called COCKTAIL, SOUP, HEAVY WATER.
MAGIC SHOP :
slang for an ARMORY, being a place (S-4 annex) where arms and armor are made by an ARMORER; so-called from the technical fabrication and experimental modification of SMALL ARMS, and the sophisticated results. Compare ARSENAL, MAGAZINE.
MAGINOT LINE :
a zone of heavy defensive fortifications erected along France's eastern border after WWI, which was outflanked by a German BLITZKRIEG invasion through Belgium in 1940; named after Andre Maginot, the French Minister of War. Compare SIEGFRIED LINE, STAR WARS, SMEZ, BERLIN WALL, IRON CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, McNAMARA'S WALL, McNAMARA LINE, MARETH LINE, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [v: Atlantic Wall] [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
MAGISTRAL LINE :
the principal or main line from which the position of the other lines of fieldworks is determined; as derived from 'master', being the baseline when developing fortifications. [v: Military Earthworks Terms ]
MAGTF :
Marine Air Ground Task Force, being a temporary COMBINED ARMS unit composed of USMC land forces and air support, but not Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) or Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB); compare ATF, see TF. [nb: a "composite MAGTF" is formed using forces from two or more other MAGTF's]
MAHDI :
a corruption of the designation for the Muslim savior or messiah [anointed], being any Muhammadan enemy, but especially an Islamic martyr; see MUJ, HAJJI, ALI BABA, RAGHEAD, TERRORIST, BAD GUYS.
MAIDEN VOYAGE :
the first CRUISE or initial FLOAT of a newly built boat or ship, typically following the sea trials from the shipyard that tests its seaworthiness. Also, the first FLOAT or initial CRUISE of a sailor (ie: SWABBY, SQUID, etc); see DRYBACK, NEWBEE, CHERRY, FRESH CATCH, CHUM, NUGGET, SHOWER SHOE, FNG.
MAIL :
letters, correspondence, communiqués, documents, and the like that's distributed to individuals and commands; see MAIL CALL, SUGAR REPORT, V-MAIL, FREE, TRADE ENVELOPES, MWR LINE, CARE, ASH 'n' TRASH, COMM SHACK, MARS, DB, POOP, CIRCULAR LETTER, HATE MAIL, RED TAPE, FINDING, REPORT, WHITE PAPER; compare MALE CALL, DEAD LETTER, BREADCRUMBING, GRAYMAIL, OUTGOING MAIL, MERCHANT MARINE. [v: airmail / air-mail / air mail, airgram / aerogram, priority mail, express mail, surface mail / s-mail, snail mail; cf: Mailgram, radiogram / radiotelegram / marconigram, cablegram, telegram / fast telegram / overnight telegram / personal-opinion telegram, electronic mail / e-mail] Also, the interstices in a NET, being the origin of flexible body armor; see FLAK JACKET, FLAK VEST, CHICKEN PLATE, HAPPY SUIT, OTV, IOTV; compare FARADAY POUCH.
MAIL BUOY :
a nonexistent object that a novice or tyro is required to attend in the same manner as any other SNIPE HUNT objective; compare MERMAID, DRAGON.
MAIL CALL :
the hierarchical distribution of correspondence and parcels, particularly official communications or formal communiqués, passed to the appropriate or designated recipient for his information or attention, including ORDERs and other POOP (eg: Daily Bulletin), but most especially, the personal and private letters addressed to individuals and handed-out in a formation, often daily, similar to SICK CALL, POLICE CALL, OFFICER'S CALL, or other BUGLE CALLs. See SUGAR REPORT, V-MAIL, FREE, TRADE ENVELOPES, CARE, ASH 'n' TRASH, COMM SHACK, MARS, CIRCULAR LETTER, HATE MAIL; compare MALE CALL, DEAD LETTER, BREADCRUMBING, GRAYMAIL, OUTGOING MAIL, MERCHANT MARINE. [nb: a "mail buoy" is a nonexistent navigational aid, where mail packets from passing vessels have supposedly been posted for collection by another vessel, used as mild harassment by OLD SALTs for FRESH CATCH when standing watch; compare MERMAID, DRAGON, PROP WASH, SNIPE HUNT]
MAILMAN :
(forthcoming); courier; compare RUNNER, BAGMAN.
MAIL-ORDER :
see WISH BOOK.
MAIM / MAIMED :
to impair or cripple by a physical injury; to deprive of the use of some part of the body by wounding or the like; see MILLION DOLLAR WOUND, PROFILE, ZULU, WHOLE MAN. Also, to make essentially defective or imperfect, as in the tactical effect of sacrificing a part for the whole; see LAST STAND, SUICIDE SQUAD, DECOY, AUTOTOMY. [v: mangle, deform, deface, mayhem; cf: xenomelia, body dysmorphic disorder, bodily image integrity disorder]
MAIN FORCE :
fully trained and equipped Viet Cong and regular North Vietnamese military units; Vietnamese term CHU LUC. Compare LOCAL FORCE; see B-5 FRONT, NLF, PRG, PLA, NVA, VC.
MAIN-GUN :
the primary or principal gun of a vehicle/vessel or crew, variously from machineguns to flamethrowers, including cannons; see BORESIGHT, MUZZLE, KICK, HANG FIRE, FLAREBACK, FIREPOWER, WILD SHOT, TURRET, TRAVERSE, ELEVATION, NLOS-C, SQUIRREL GUN, TANK, MUZZLE-BRAKE, KILL RING, ARTY, TUBE, TUBE MONKEY. [nb: "The King's Final Argument" is a phrase that was routinely incised into European cannon barrels from the Renaissance until World War I; typically inscribed in Latin ("Ultima Ratio Regis"; "Utema Rasio Regum"), it means that the greatest weaponry ultimately settles any dispute (ie: MIGHT MAKES RIGHT)]
MAINSIDE :
MarSpeak reference to the principal or primary portion of a base or installation, where the headquarters (HQ) are located along with the base exchange, theater, and other amenities; as opposed to being "in the field". Compare BOONDOCKS / BOONIES, INDIAN COUNTRY, THULE, BANJO COUNTRY, FRONT LINE, DOWN RANGE.
MAINSTAY :
anything that serves as chief part or primary support; including an essential person, such as the "anchorman" or "right-hand man". Specific naval use as the stay that secures the mainmast forward. [v: sine qua non, causa sine qua non]
MAI TAI / MAI-TAI :
(forthcoming); see "tiki culture" at TIKI
MAJ :
the abbreviation for MAJor (O-4), a field grade rank in the Army, Air Force, and Marines, that's equivalent to Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) in the Navy; see RANK, RATING, LDR, OFFICER.
MAJOR :
MAJ
the field-grade officer RANK (MAJ) or RATING (O-4) intermediate between Captain (CPT) and Lieutenant Colonel (LTC), and equivalent to Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) in the Navy; being one of superior ability or power, as derived from large or great, and related to majesty. The first officer so designated in the U.S. Army was Thomas Knowlton, commander of a Connecticut militia unit known as "Congress' Own Knowlton Rangers", who was mortally wounded 16 September 1776 during a skirmish with the Black Watch in the Battle of Harlem Heights. See OFFICER, RANK.
MAKEE LEARN / MAKEE LEARNEE :
a PIDGIN expression for practical instruction, such as 'on the job training'; also represented as "make-ye learn-ye". Also, in NavSpeak, informal designation for a pupil or student, apprentice or understudy (protégé); also, an alternate or substitute, stand-in or pinch hitter. See KISS, OJT, POI, CROSS-TRAINING, TICKET, TRNG, MIL-CRAFT, COUNTERINTUITIVE, Q-COURSE, CHARM SCHOOL, TRADE SCHOOL.
MAKE MY DAY :
a post-Vietnam catch-phrase that invites transgression so that RETALIATION or RETRIBUTION can follow; also expressed as "Go ahead, make my day!" This phrase was made notorious by the Inspector "Dirty Harry" Callahan character (Clint Eastwood) in the 1983 film Sudden Impact, but was previously used by the Tom Walsh character (Gary Swanson) in the 1982 film Vice Squad. This line ["Go ahead scumbag, make my day!" uttered by Tom Walsh, or "Go on punk, make my day!" uttered by Dirty Harry] has been attributed to screenwriters Dean "Dinky" Riesner and Joseph Stinson.
MAKE WAY :
an injunction or interjection calling for clear passage, as to "make way" for RANK, or to "give way" for urgency; also expressed as GANGWAY. Also, to desist or relinquish.
MALARIA :
a group of intermittent or remittent diseases that are characterized by attacks of chills, fever, aches, and sweating, and are caused by a parasitic protozoan transferred to the human bloodstream by an anopheles [literally: "good for nothing"] mosquito; usually treated with quinine, quinacrine (Atabrine/Atebrin), amodiaquin, chloroquine, chloroquine-primaquine, acedapsone, and sulfadiazine. Inherited resistance and genetic immunity (eg: sickle-cell anemia, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, etc) to MALARIA poses other physiological deficiencies. Term means "bad air" since the disease was supposed to derive from unwholesome or poisonous air; has also been called ague, bilious fever, congestive fever, intermittent fever. Although there are not supposed to be any mosquitos above the approximate 3,000 foot level, altitude is less of a barrier than cold. See HORSE PILL, FUO, BLACKWATER, BONE BREAK FEVER, YELLOW JACK, CHIKUNGUNYA; compare DAPSONE, CORK. [nb: an antipyretic medicine (Warburg's Tincture) consisting of quinine and other herbs was invented (1834) by Carl Warburg, a German physician, in British Guiana; after experimental testing, this proprietary remedy was officially adopted (1847) by the Austrian Empire, and was also supplied to troops in India and other colonies by the British government]
MALAYAN GATE :
a BOOBY-TRAP consisting of a spike-mounted sapling positioned to swing upon release and sweep an arc area at groin height; also called "Malayan Whip". Compare PUNJI STAKE, FRAISE; see TU DAI.
MALE CALL :
(forthcoming); comic strip featuring Miss Lace by Milton Caniff; spin-off from "Terry and the Pirates"; later created STEVE CANYON; compare GI JOE, SAD SACK; see COMICS, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.
MALFUNCTION :
see FOUL-UP / FOULED-UP, GLITCH, SNIVITZ, SNARK, BUG, GREMLIN, STANDARD ERROR, PROBABLE ERROR, PLAN B, SEAT OF THE PANTS. [nb: it's a Murphy Law of Combat that: "Everything breaks, breaks-down, or wears-out."]
MALINGER / MALINGERER :
to pretend illness or infirmity in order to shirk assigned work; someone (eg: skulk, laggard, sluggard, underworker, no-goodnik, etc) who shirks his DUTY. See CAPE HORN FEVER, FUO / FOUO; compare DUD, GOLDBRICK, FEATHER MERCHANT, SLACKER, TAP-DANCER, SOLDIERing, HALF-ASSED, GHOST, SKATE, REST ON OARS.
MAMA-SAN / MAMA-SAHN :
any mature Asian woman; term borrowed from Japanese. Compare BA, CO; see PAPA-SAN, BABY-SAN. [cf: grandam, nana, nanny, amah, ayah]
MAMELUKE SWORD :
the ceremonial sword of the U.S. Marine Corps that's worn by warrant and commissioned officers, as derived from such a sword presented by Prince Hamet Bey, an Ottoman pasha, to Marine lieutenant Presley N. O'Bannon, who successfully led Arabs in an attack on pirates during the 1804-5 "shores of Tripoli" campaign; the Mamluks/Mamelukes were former slaves who became an Egyptian military class, influential from about 1250 until 1811. See LEATHERNECK; compare LONG KNIFE, OLD WRIST BREAKER. [v: Knife Terms ; The Language of Swordplay ]
MAMLUK / MAMELUKE :
a warrior caste that was dominant in Egypt and influential in the Middle East for over seven hundred years (from AD800); the word is Arabic for 'slave'. Islamic rulers created this warrior caste by collecting non-Muslim slave boys and training them as cavalry soldiers who were especially loyal to their owner and to each other; converting to Islam in the course of their training. They defeated the last of the Crusaders, repulsed the Mongol invasion of Syria (1260), conquered the Christian-held island of Cyprus (1424-26), and at times, they held all Palestine and the holy places of Arabia. The Ottomans skillfully used artillery and their slave infantry, the Janissaries, to defeat the Mamluks / Mamelukes, but did not destroy them as a class. When Ottoman power began to decline in the 18th century, the Mamluks / Mamelukes regained some autonomy and self-rule; they were defeated by Napoleon I during his invasion of Egypt in 1798, but their power as a class was ended only in 1811 by Muhammad Ali. See CASTE.
MANDARIN :
an influential government official or powerful bureaucrat, also called a "suit"; see CLUB FED, POLITICIAN, POTUS, VP, CZAR, WISE MEN, BEST AND BRIGHTEST, BRAIN TRUST, KITCHEN CABINET, WHIZ KID, BRASS HAT, MILICRAT, RING-KNOCKER, KHAKI MAFIA. Also, a member of an influential or preeminent group, of a dominant or elite class (SECOND ESTATE); white-shoe, bluestocking, Brahmin, Oxbridge, gentry, nobility, aristocracy. [v: mandarinate; cf: apparatchik, nomenklatura, eunuch, nabob, nibs] [nb: the personal representatives of the G8 (ie: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) Heads of State and Government, who arrange the annual summit meeting in a series of pre-/post-meeting sessions, are commonly called "sherpas", and their assistants are known as "sous-sherpas", named after the Nepalese porters who assist Himalayan climbers]
MANDATORY FUN :
the requirement to "make nice" at a picnic or party with other people who are also obliged to attend ... some of whom work together, where one's social performance will be evaluated as a prerequisite for promotion; such compulsory social interaction, which any normal person would rather spend with their family and friends, is probably a characterization that should be reserved for the privacy of one's own home ... boldly asking "if anyone is having any fun yet?" is not recommended for career advancement! [nb: "As dates, diplomats, and every other abused associate knows all too well ... compulsory amiability and enforced conviviality can lead to unpredictable, if not disastrous consequences; anyone intent upon having a good time at some gathering can make Hell into a very small place for the rest of the party!"]
MANEUVER :
(forthcoming); offensive mobility vs defensive conservation of force; wrong-footed; "tricks of agility" (Clausewitz)
MANEUVERS :
(forthcoming); see EXERCISE, OPLAN.
MAN FRIDAY :
any BLACK GI who BROWN NOSES his white superior to retain a good job or to avoid combat; a factotum, comprador, horse-holder, shield-bearer, spear-carrier, water-hauler, stamp-licker, or henchman. Compare ATTABOY, BROWN NOSER, DOGSBODY, HACK, RING-KNOCKER, CANDY-ASS, HOUSE MOUSE, RUNNER.
MANGO SHOWER :
a brief but intense rainstorm that occurs anomalously during the dry season in southeast Asia; it's so-called because its occurrence signals when the mangoes (a sweet tropical fruit) are ripe enough to be picked. Compare MONSOON; see WIND, GUMBO.
MANG YANG PASS :
a highland pass on Highway 19 (STREET WITHOUT JOY), between An Khe and Pleiku; site of a decisive ambush of French troops (Groupe Mobile 100) by VIET MINH forces in 1954. Compare HAI VAN PASS, AN KHE PASS.
MANHATTAN PROJECT :
Manhattan Engineer District
the CODENAME for the WWII program to develop the A-BOMB as a weapon; the discovery of fission in 1939 persuaded scientists that certain radioactive materials could be used to make a bomb of unprecedented power. The Uranium Committee investigated the possibilities until the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction (nuclear pile) was achieved on 2 December 1942 at the metallurgical laboratory of the University of Chicago under the leadership of Enrico Fermi. Formed in August 1942, the Army's "Manhattan Engineer District", under the command of General Leslie R. Groves, then obtained sufficient amounts of the two necessary isotopes to assemble the devices. Uranium-235 was separated from the much more abundant uranium-238 by the gaseous diffusion process at Oak Ridge, TN; and nonfissionable uranium-238 was transmuted into plutonium-239 in reactors at Hanford, WA. The actual design and building of the plutonium and uranium bombs was undertaken by a group of American and European-refugee scientists under the leadership of J. Robert Oppenheimer in a remote laboratory at Los Alamos, NM. Due to a tactical scarcity of resources and a strategic urgency of the war, only one nuclear test explosion, CODENAMEd "Trinity", of a plutonium device was conducted on 16 July 1945 near Alamogordo, NM. An untested uranium bomb ("Little Boy") was dropped from a B-29 SUPER FORTRESS over Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, killing at least 70,000 inhabitants. On 9 August 1945, a plutonium bomb ("Fat Man"), which was virtually identical to the Trinity device, was dropped over Nagasaki (the primary target of Kohara was obscured by clouds), killing at least 35,000 inhabitants. See BIKINI, ENIWETOK, SCRAM, FALLOUT, NUKE, OVERKILL, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK, CBR. [nb: the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb in August 1949]
MANIFEST :
a list of passengers and cargo carried by an airplane, ship, truck, or train; as derived from 'evident' or "detected in the act". See FORM, LOG, ANNEX, PAPER TRAIL, RED TAPE, STRAP-HANGER, SUPERCARGO, TICKET-PUNCHER.
MANIFEST DESTINY :
an imperialistic belief in expansion, both cultural and geographical, which expression was coined by John L. O'Sullivan (1839); along with the MONROE DOCTRINE (which had remained in effect from the WAR OF 1812 until WWI), this philosophy was formally refuted as a national policy option in 2013; see FOREIGN AFFAIRS, FOREIGN POLICY, GEOPOLITICS, PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE.
MANIFOLD SET :
a thin sheet of typing paper with a flimsy page of carbon paper already attached, available in pale colors and with the word "copy" preprinted in outline block letters as a watermark; also called "manifold carbon set", "copy set", or "flimsy setup". This "second sheet" configuration was ideal for CLERKS 'n' JERKS since it was practically foolproof. Although the pull-apart flimsy sets could be recycled, the carbon pages were not expected to be re-used. Carbon paper, which had originally been invented (1803) to help blind people write, was (by all evidence) fairly complicated, mandating that the correct side be properly layered in the paper "sandwich", and that it be offset from its previous placement so as to utilize the unexposed portions of the page ... a situation fraught with numerous pitfalls, typically resulting in several retyping jobs when the text inevitably appeared in reverse on the back of the original! A marvel of technology known as No Carbon Required [NCR paper], a special paper first marketed in 1954, which actually contained minute beads of ink throughout the whole sheet of carbonless paper, such that any untoward pressure would immediately mark the pristine paper in an unsightly manner, proved to be even more complicated than carbon paper! ... at least carbon paper had alternate dull and shiny sides, but NCR paper just smelled good and messed everything up no matter how many layers were added or removed. It's axiomatic that everything committed to paper in the Armed Forces must be generated in CYA duplicates or circulation multiples, such that the extensive paperwork necessary to operate any military organization will collapse it by sheer volume and cripple its leaders with writer's cramp! The only thing that kept America's enemies "beyond the pale" during the COLD WAR was MANIFOLD SETs! ... and in the latest Global War On Terror (GWOT), computer driven jet propelled printers have come to the rescue! As long as there's paper and ink to document the battles, our great nation will triumph! See FORM, REPORT, ANNEX, PAPER BULLET, SNOWFLAKE, RED TAPE, CC, TYPEWRITER, MIMEOGRAPH, ORIFICE. [cf: true or fair copy] [nb: multiple-part form 1882] [nb: "If it isn't documented then it doesn't exist!"]
MANLY ARTS :
those strenuous activities which exemplify manliness and develop good character traits; in ancient Greece, the manly arts included athletics (eg: running, tumbling, wrestling, etc), combat arts (eg: weapons, horsemanship, leadership, etc), and rhetoric (eg: composition, recitation, acting, etc), but by the 18th century in England, the "manly arts of self-defense" had dwindled to swordplay, cudgeling, and boxing. In the modern era the "manly arts" include contact sports (eg: FOOTBALL, rugby, hockey, etc), extreme sports (eg: MARATHON, TRIATHLON, PENTATHLON, etc), and simulated or actual combat (v: PAINTBALL, WAR GAMES, MOCK-COMBAT, DUEL, WAR). The "profession of arms" has been characterized as "Doing manly things in a manly manner with other men.", which experience of combat forever distinguishes and distances the veteran from the non-veteran. See MARTIAL ART, TWO-FISTED, FIELD HOUSE, A FINE AND PLEASANT MISERY, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, SWEAT HOG, HANG TOUGH, GUNG-HO, WETSU, HARD CHARGER, RED-BLOODED, ROOT HOG OR DIE, WARRIOR, QUIET PROFESSIONAL, WINTER SOLDIER. [cf: polite arts] [nb: Jean Piaget classifies children's games into three categories: games of make-believe and fantasy, games of skill and mastery, and games with rules and conditions ... this latter group includes war games, such as hide-and-seek] [cf: Trivial Pursuit (1983)] [nb: because Lee knew Hooker's cardplaying style (impetuous but irresolute), he was confident of victory at Chancellorsville in 1863, despite being vastly outnumbered] [nb: "To my way of thinking, there really are only three sports: baseball, basketball, and football ... everything else is either a game or an activity." by George Carlin; "There are only three sports -- mountain climbing, bullfighting, and motor racing -- all others being games." by Ernest Hemingway; "This is a place with only three pastimes: politics, sports, and revenge." paraphrase of Lawrence C. Moulter; "Any pastime that has no chance for serious injury or that leaves all the participants alive at the end of the activity isn't a true sport ... and if spectators bet on the outcome, then it's just a match or game."; "Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence: in other words, it is war minus the shooting." by George Orwell; "Sport in the sense of a mass-spectacle, with death to add to the underlying excitement, comes into existence when a population has been drilled and regimented and depressed to such an extent that it needs at least a vicarious participation in difficult feats of strength or skill or heroism in order to sustain its waning life-sense." by Lewis Mumford; "For man, maximum excitement is the confrontation of death and the skillful defiance of it by watching others fed to it as he survives transfixed with rapture." by Ernest Becker; "For when the One Great Scorer comes to mark against your name, He writes -- not that you won or lost -- but how you played the game." by Grantland Rice; "The point of the game is not how well the individual does but whether the team wins. That is the beautiful heart of the game, the blending of personalities, the mutual sacrifices for group success." by Bill Bradley; "Our tools for the pursuit of wildlife improve faster than we do, and sportsmanship is a voluntary limitation in the use of these armaments. It is aimed to augment the role of skill and shrink the role of gadgets in the pursuit of wild things." by Aldo Leopold; "It was hard to say, about football as about games in general, which was more impressive, the violence or the rationality." by Howard Nemerov; "Football combines the two worst features of modern American life: it's violence punctuated by committee meetings." by George Will; "In America, it is sport that is the opiate of the masses." by Russell Baker; "It ain't over till it's over." by Yogi Berra]
MANNERS / MANNERLY :
(forthcoming); [nb: until recently, an OFFICER was simultaneously designated a "gentleman" when appointed by an ACT OF CONGRESS, which not only inspired further intellectual development but also encouraged cultural sophistication, which refinements were mocked as being 'suave and debonair' (deliberately mispronounced as "soo-wave" and "dee-boner")]
MAN-OF-WAR :
a BATTLE WAGON or WARSHIP; also known as "man o' war".
THE MAN ON HORSEBACK :
a military leader who presents himself as the savior of the country during a period of crisis and either assumes or threatens to assume dictatorial powers; an allusion to any strongman or dictator, tyrant or autocrat.
MANPADS :
Man-Portable Air Defense System, being a generic term used to encapsulate the general type of shoulder-fired Surface-to-Air MISSILEs (SAM) employed against U.S. components without specifying an exact model or version (eg: "sortie interdicted by MANPADS"); see CORKSCREW.
MAN THE BARRICADES :
a catch-phrase inviting volunteers to reinforce the barriers (social or spiritual, moral or physical) against assault or incursion; see CALL TO ARMS, CALL TO THE COLORS, RALLY 'ROUND THE FLAG.
MAN-TRAP :
any snare or springe, deadfall or deathtrap, gin or drop trap, entoil or entrap; see BOOBY-TRAP, PUNJI STAKE, FRAISE, ABATIS, TROU-DE-LOUP, TIGER PIT, TIGER TRAP, PITFALL, MALAYAN GATE, TRICK, DECOY, RUSE DE GUERRE. Also, a secure PASSAGEWAY that has restricted access and may be locked down in case of emergency; used as either a double-barrier VESTIBULE for the protection of classified materials, or as a double-control corridor for the safe movement of people, especially inmates; a MAN-TRAP is designed so that only one door may be opened at a time, and arranged so that all interior areas are available for inspection from the exterior ... ingress and egress are regulated from outside the MAN-TRAP.
MANUAL :
see FM, TM, TC, DASH TEN, CIRCULAR, MANUAL OF ARMS, THE BIBLE, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, BY THE BOOK, SCRIPTURES.
MANUAL OF ARMS :
the prescribed orders and drill for handling a weapon, such as Inspection Arms, Port Arms, Order Arms, STACK ARMS, and so forth. See CARRY ARMS, CARRY SWORDS, SALUTE, HIGH BALL, CLOSE ORDER, DISMISS, THE BIBLE, DRILL, SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER, SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, BY THE BOOK, SCRIPTURES. [cf: vade mecum (Latin: handbook, guide (literally: "go with me")]
A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO :
a misquote that has become a catch-phrase for obligatory action, especially that which is distasteful or unpleasant, bothersome or vexatious; a moral debt or personal responsibility, deontological onus or answerability. See DUTY, PROMISE, OATH, CREED, HONOR CODE, CODE OF CONDUCT, LITMUS TEST, LOYALTY UP - LOYALTY DOWN, WINTER SOLDIER, BRASS-COLLAR, DUE DILIGENCE, STRAIGHT ARROW, TOE THE LINE, BITE THE BULLET, ROOT HOG OR DIE, ONCE MORE UNTO THE BREACH, TAKE IT ON THE CHIN, LAST STAND, HOLD ONE'S FEET TO THE FIRE, STAND ONE'S GROUND, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, KISS, SCAR. [nb: "A man's got to do what a man's got to do." by Charlton Heston in "Three Violent People" film (1956); "I couldn't do what I gotta do if I hadn't always knowed that I could trust ya.", "A man has to be what he is." by Alan Ladd in "Shane" film (1953); "A man ought'a do what he thinks is best." by John Wayne (Marion Michael Morrison) in "Hondo" film] [nb: this phrase has become an anthem ("I gotta do what I gotta do!") for defying the interference of do-gooders and meddlers, a self-justification for resisting intrusive authority] [v: numinous, deontology, eudemonism; cf: meliorism, Solomonic compromise] [cf: "Having done what men could, they suffered what men must." by Thucydides]
MAN-UP :
(forthcoming); compare "buck-up" at BUCK, BITE THE BULLET, FIDO, WHITE-KNUCKLE, SUCK IT UP, MANLY ARTS, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, SHIT HAPPENS, BAD-MOUTH, BITCH, MOAN 'n' GROAN, FANG, EMBRACE THE SUCK, TS CARD. [nb: "Men were only made into 'men' with great difficulty even in primitive society: the male is not naturally a 'man' any more than the woman. He has to be propped up into that position with some ingenuity, and is always likely (sic: liable) to collapse." by Wyndham Lewis; "Not only is it harder to be a man, it is also harder to become one." by Arianna Stassinopoulos; "A woman simply is, but a man must become. Masculinity is risky and elusive. It is achieved by a revolt from woman, and it is confirmed only by other men .... Manhood coerced into sensitivity is no manhood at all." by Camille Paglia; "Masculinity is not something given to you, but something you gain. And you gain it by winning small battles with honor." by Norman Mailer; "The things a man has to have are hope and confidence in himself against (the) odds, and sometimes he needs somebody, his pal or his mother or his wife or God, to give him that confidence. He's got to have some inner standards worth fighting for or there won't be any way to bring him into conflict. And he must be ready to choose death before dishonor without making too much song and dance about it. That's all there is to it." by Clark Gable]
MAP :
topographic map; see COMICS, TOPO, AZIMUTH, GRID COORDINATES, GRID LINES, CONTOUR LINES, DEAD-RECKONING, SLANT DISTANCE, UTM, GPS, CHART, MOSAIC MAP, ATLAS, MGRS, NIMA, MUX, PINS IN THE MAP SYNDROME. [nb: clay relief maps were used in Mesopotamia around 3000BC. The first carved stone relief map of a Chinese district was sent to the Emperor in 210BC, and it was so impressive as to scale and detail that all administrators were commissioned to similarly survey and map their districts, until the entire Empire was represented. To offset the inconvenience of stone and wooden maps, China began making silk maps around 266BC. Chinese archives document terrain modeling with rice, sawdust, and melted wax by various military commands in AD32. Scale-model relief maps were made portable by hinged folding and by segmental disassembly ca421-466 ... which inspired the creation of "jigsaw puzzles".] [nb: the Army Corps of Engineers was assigned the responsibility for surveying America's borders and features in 1831, resulting in a separate Topographic Corps in 1838] [nb: during WWII, the OSS issued a playing card deck to some teams that, when laid out in a particular order, formed an operational map detailing the assignments for a specific mission; furthermore, escape maps hidden on playing cards in a deck were also provided to assist downed crewmembers evade capture in select areas] [nb: the source for military maps was changed from US Geologic Survey to Nat'l Imaging and Mapping Agency in Oct 1996 due to downlink satellite profiles, then renamed National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)] Also, USAF Military Advisory Project oriented to training Vietnamese pilots and aircrew, being separate from MAAG. Also, Military Air Program. Also, Military Assistance Program. Also, Marine Assistance Program.
MAP OF THE EARTH :
misrepresentation of 'Nap of the Earth'; see NOE.
MAP PROJECTION :
a systematic construction of corresponding lines drawn on a plane surface that are representative of the meridians and parallels of the curved face of the earth (or some other celestial sphere); see AZIMUTH, RHUMB / RHUMB LINE, BEARING, HEADING, COMPASS, UTM, GPS, COMICS, MAP, CHART, ATLAS. [v: Mercator projection, transverse Mercator projection, gnomonic projection, rectilinear projection, conformal projection, polyconic projection, etc; cf: cartography, coordinate systems]
MAP REFERENCE :
a means of identifying any point on the surface of the earth by relating it to information appearing on a TOPO map, generally the overlaid graticule or GRID LINES, by using a standardized map reference code of GRID COORDINATES.
MAP SHEET :
an individual map or chart that's either complete in itself or is part of a series having the same scale and cartographic specifications, including explanatory marginal data and numeric sequencing system; also called a topographic (TOPO) map.
MARATHON :
a long-distance footrace, typically extending over a course measuring 26 miles (42km), in honor of the 490BC run made by Pheidippides, when the Athenians requested aid from Sparta before the battle at Marathon plain against the Persians; see EXERCISE, AIRBORNE SHUFFLE, TRUSCOTT TROT, OBSTACLE COURSE, BIATHLON, PENTATHLON, DECATHLON, TRIATHLON, FIELD HOUSE, WAR GAMES. [cf: ultra-marathon] Also, any endurance event or grueling ordeal, as anything arduous or exhausting; a formidable tribulation; compare GAUNTLET, HOLD ONE'S FEET TO THE FIRE, SNAKE PIT, CUTTHROAT. [nb: "With all our technology, we should never forget that soldiering is first and foremost an outdoor sport." by David Petraeus (2009)]
MARAUDER :
Douglas B-26 twin-engined medium bomber used as counter-invader during WWII against Germany and Japan; see BIRD.
MARBLE GARDEN :
see GARDEN OF STONES. [nb: "long home" is slang for gravesite; v: graveyard, boneyard, boot hill, God's acre, churchyard, catacomb, necropolis, cist, dolmen, chamber tomb, cenotaph, columbarium, sepulcher; cf: "whited sepulcher" (Matthew 23:27)]
MARBLE MOUNTAIN :
(forthcoming); Buddhist shrine, Radio Relay (RR) site near DaNang compare MONKEY MOUNTAIN, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN.
MARCENT :
(mar-cent) Marine Forces Central Command; see CENTCOM.
MARCH :
to walk with regular and measured tread, as soldiers on PARADE who advance in step as an organized body; as derived from 'to pace out a mark'; see CLOSE ORDER, QUICK TIME, DOUBLE TIME, FUNERAL PACE, PARADE, MARK TIME, PACE, HALF STEP, SIDE STEP, BACK STEP, JODY CALL, HEP, CADENCE, COUNTERMARCH, FORCE MARCH, ROAD MARCH, ROUTE STEP, STUTTER-STEP, WALK LIKE A PUSSY, DITTY-BOP, FROGMARCH, DUCK-WALK, DEATH MARCH. Also, the act or course of marching, by execution of this command. Also, the course or distance covered in a single period of marching. Also, to walk in a deliberate manner, as to 'march-past' or 'march toward'; see PARADE, PASS IN REVIEW. Also, to go forward; to advance, proceed, progress, or prepare. Also, to secretly gain an advantage over, as to slyly STEAL A MARCH on an opponent or goal. Also, a tract of land along the border of a country, as a frontier or border district; also known as "marches" or "marchland", as derived from 'mark'. [nb: mush, the command urging or spurring a dogsled team to travel, is a corruption of 'march' as spoken by French voyageurs]
MARCH FRACTURE :
a hairline crack in a bone, especially in the foot or leg, caused by repeated impact or prolonged tension, and usually occurring with runners, dancers, and soldiers; properly called a "stress fracture".
MARCHING FIRE :
an artillery (ARTY) barrage that "walks" forward from a line of advancing troops, or moves in an incremental line over enemy positions until concentrated or LIFTed; compare SCREEN, see SHOT IN, RUNNING FIRE. Also, small arms fire delivered from the hip or shoulder of troops advancing toward an enemy position; not precision shooting, but fire upon an area by moving riflemen and other elements; compare SNIPER'S TRIANGLE, RECON BY FIRE.
MARCHING ORDERS :
orders to begin a march or other troop movement. Also, an informal request to start moving or to proceed with some activity. Also, a euphemism for dismissal or discharge, often used to conceal reproach or disgrace; also called "walking papers". [nb: a "march order" is differentiated from an "order of march", which denotes a position in line, an ordered sequence by unit or element; cf: order of battle (OB)]
MARDET :
MARine DIVision, such as the 1st MarDiv or 3rd MarDiv.
MARETH LINE :
(forthcoming); a zone of heavy defensive fortifications erected in southern Tunisia, which was circumvented by a surprise attack. Compare STAR WARS, SMEZ, BERLIN WALL, IRON CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, McNAMARA'S WALL, McNAMARA LINE, MAGINOT LINE, SIEGFRIED LINE, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [v: Atlantic Wall] [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
MARGARITA :
a Vietnam-era cocktail made of tequila, lime or lemon juice, an orange-flavored liqueur, and served (like a SALTY DOG) in a salt-rimmed glass; eponymously derived from Margarita Sames. See BREW, HOOCH, GROG, JUICE, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, GUSTO.
MARINE :
a member of the separate corps of "naval infantry" within the U.S. Navy; elsewhere known as "naval assault commando"; see GYRENE, LEATHERNECK, SNUFFY, RAIDER, FORCE RECON, AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT, GUNNY, BULLDOG, MILITARY ORDER OF THE DEVIL DOGS, SEAGOING MARINE, HORSE MARINE, CHINA MARINE, JARHEAD, THE CROTCH, TELL IT TO THE MARINES, GUNG-HO, OORAH, YUT, MAMELUKE SWORD, USMC; compare KMC, VNMC. [nb: Vietnamese term: Thuy Quan Luc Chien] [nb: the word Marine has been converted into an acronym meaning: Muscles Are Required, Intelligence Not Essential; also referred to as "Uncle Sam's Misguided Children", "Unlimited Shit and Mass Confusion", or "seagoing bellhop"] [nb: the first standing body of marines or "fleet soldiers" in the Western world were posted by ancient Rome (Milites Classiarii)] [nb: the doctrine of amphibious assault by waterborne forces was developed by John Archer Lejeune (LTG USMC) after studying the Gallipoli Peninsula landing in WWI, and this specialization prevented the Marine Corps from being disbanded between the World Wars; Marines then taught amphibious doctrine during 1941-2 to soldiers of the Army's 1st and 3rd Infantry Divisions at both New River NC and Cape Henry VA in preparation for the North African landing] [nb: President Harry S. Truman planned to abolish the Marine Corps after WWII because "the Navy does not need its own army", but the Marines' conduct as a FIRE BRIGADE in the Pusan Perimeter during the KOREAN WAR persuaded him that they should be retained; however, the Supreme Allied Commander Douglas ("El Supremo") MacArthur refused to approve a Presidential Unit Citation for the Marines, saying that "they have enough medals", when every other engaged unit was so recognized]
MARINELAND :
slang for Anbar province in Iraq, which is primarily patrolled by U.S. Marines. Also, by extension of the THEME PARK concept (eg: "Camel Land" in the SANDBOX), anywhere that Marines predominate, from expeditionary or amphibious forces to beaches or waterfront bars.
MARINE RAIDER :
see V-44 MARINE RAIDER KNIFE.
MARINES :
an acronym used by ground troops in Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF) meaning "Many Americans Running Into Never Ending Shit"; compare MARINE, USMC.
MARINE SHOWER :
facetious reference to the practice of changing into clean clothes without bathing at all; see PT SHOWER, NAVY SHOWER, GI SHOWER, WHORE'S BATH, MONKEY BUTT.
THE MARINE WAY :
see THE ARMY WAY, FOR THE HELL OF IT, MIL-SPEC, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, PARTY LINE. [nb: "They know what they know, and what they don't know, they don't want to know." by Peter Bowen]
MARK :
a model in a series, usually accompanied by a number and abbreviated "Mk". Also, a sign or symbol, a standard or measure, a device or imprint, an object or target, an indelible trace, an enduring effect, or a distinctive characteristic. Also, a basic monetary unit of Germany (Deutsche Mark) and Finland (Markka), and a former monetary unit of England; as derived from a former European unit of weight for gold and silver that was generally equal to 8 ounces; see LEGAL TENDER.
MARKER ROUND :
the initial artillery (ARTY) round fired to mark the target for adjustment; also called SPOTTER or "spotter round". See REGISTRATION.
MARKET TIME :
Market Time
combined US/VN Navy Coastal Surveillance Force program using small fast patrol BOATs to prevent seaborne entry by the enemy into South Vietnam; see NAD, SWIFT BOAT, NASTY BOAT, PBR, DAGGER THRUST.
MARK I :
designation for the first in a series or set; also identified as "Mark 1", and abbreviated as MK I / MK1 / M-1; compare M1A1. Also, informal reference to the M-1917 or M-1918 KNUCKLE KNIFE (v: KNUCKLE-DUSTER); see TRENCH KNIFE, compare BAYONET. Also, any initial or prototypical product; an informal and unofficial designation of smaller or simpler commercial items (as opposed to the more elaborate or refined Mark II, Mark III, Mark IV, Mark V, Mark VI, or Mark VII versions); see BOOT KNIFE. [eg: Gerber Mark I, Command I, Tac I, and Guardian I knives]
MARK II :
Vietnam-era Gerber Mark II
Gulf War-era Gerber Mark II
a privately purchased dagger introduced (1966) during the VIETNAM WAR by Gerber Legendary Blades; it featured a leaf-shaped 6.65" double-edged blade of L6 tool steel with a fencing-style haft of highly textured (non-slip) "cat's tongue" aluminum molded onto a 1.75" stub tang, fitted with a crossguard of forward-curving quillions and a pommel with wrist-thong hole ... it was revised (2005) with S30V or 420HC stainless steel for the GULF WAR. Ostensibly patterned on the ancient Roman short sword ('mainz gladius') by Bud Holzman, a retired U.S. Army captain, this knife is essentially a variant of the classic COMMANDO DAGGER, which derives from the parrying stiletto and the artillerist's bodkin. First issued with a canted blade (to improve vital penetration during a deadly thrust), it underwent many other alterations, including "Armorhide" grip, wasp-waisted recurve, double serrations, stainless steel (440C or 154CM), and blade blackening. During the anti-war hysteria of the late-Vietnam era, the exchange concessions (PX / BX / NEX) refused to sell this "fighting" knife, so Al Mar, a Gerber designer at the time, added two inches of serrations to each side of the blade (1971) so this knife could be marketed as a "survival" knife. A batch of fifty Mark IIs were purchased (1968) by Project Sigma (B-56, 5th SFGAbn), which were etched and issued as presentation gifts to team members. Limited editions, anniversary editions, and presentation editions of the Mark II have been produced, including stag and exotic wood versions; furthermore, the Mark II has inspired similar designs, including Command II, Tac II, Guardian II knives. See KNIFE. [nb: Gerber 'steel grip' ("cat's tongue") handle treatment was created by spraying molten stainless steel droplets onto the surface of the aluminum handle, which momentarily melted the aluminum, embedding the fused particles into a solidified handle with a permanently rough sandpaper-like texture that's extremely secure and extraordinarily slip-resistant] [nb: Gerber's gray 'Armorhide' handle treatment is a textured coating of vinyl dispersion resins, being a plasticizer that resists abrasion and improves slip-resistance better than paint, which treatment was later changed to an electrostatic dry-powder baked-on black coating] [nb: according to Gerber, the original canted or bent blade design was supposed to offset the angle of the blade level when held in the traditional fencing grip, and to enable the knife to be carried closer to the body ... not to assist the thrust of an attack, whether from the front or rear ... but the initial intent became immaterial, since so many "defective" knives were returned to the factory that Gerber discontinued the canted design (except for replicas) during the second year of manufacture of the Mark II]
MARK 1 :
MARKSMAN :
marksman
designation for the lowest class of riflemen (ranked below SHARPSHOOTER and Expert); in conventional usage, 'marksman' and 'sharpshooter' are simply employed interchangeably to refer to someone who shoots well. See BULL'S-EYE, DEADEYE, KISS THE MISTRESS, KNOCK THEIR SPOTS OFF, MAGGIE'S DRAWERS, BOLO BADGE, TRASH, MIL-CRAFT.
MARKSMANSHIP :
the skill demonstrated by someone when shooting at an object or target; in conventional usage, 'marksman' and 'sharpshooter' are simply employed interchangeably to refer to someone who shoots well. See DEADEYE, BULL'S-EYE, KISS THE MISTRESS, KNOCK THEIR SPOTS OFF, BOLO BADGE, TRASH, MIL-CRAFT.
MARK TIME :
the command to march in place at the same tempo; by extension, any busy-work or make-work activity. See CADENCE, ROUTE STEP, HEP, BOONDOGGLE, HURRY-UP AND WAIT, NERVOUS IN THE SERVICE. Also, by reference to its primary meaning, to act busy and occupied with work while actually accomplishing little or nothing; hence a "mark-timer" is the same as a time-server or coffee-cooler, a SLACKER or GHOST, GOLDBRICK or FEATHER MERCHANT, TAP-DANCER or other MILICRAT.
MARK 2 :
MARine PATtern digital camouflage uniform for USMC; compare UTILITIES, see DIGITALS, CAMMIES, DRESS.
MARS :
Military Affiliate Radio System, or Military Auxiliary Radio System; being the unofficial radio transmissions sent by OFF-DUTY MIL-PERS, who are using military communications apparatus during low traffic intervals to call civilians in the United States, by linking to volunteer amateur radio (HAM) operators to complete a toll-free connection with a local telephone call patched into the radio. Technology has overcome the drawbacks (eg: inconvenience, unavailability, lack of privacy) of this modality with worldwide e-mail of text, voice, and image for all servicemembers at no personal cost. Also, identifies the "Mars Task Force", or 5332nd Brigade, formed from the 475th Inf Rgt and 124th Cav Rgt, together with the lineage of the 5307th Composite Unit, to operate along the LEDO ROAD from October 1944 until being disbanded in July 1945; see MERRILL'S MARAUDERS, RANGER.
MARSDEN MATTING :
roll of steel mesh or metal net used for aircraft landing strip and vehicular road base constructions during WWII; also provided access for military tactical mobility in sand, mud, and other rough terrain. Compare PSP, MOBI-MAT, MACADAM. [v: blacktop, tarmac or tarmacadam; cf: laterite road]
MARSH :
see GUMBO, QUICKSAND, QUAGMIRE.
MARSHAL :
an administrative officer of a U.S. judicial district with duties similar to those of a sheriff. Also, a high ranking officer of a royal court or of a military organization (eg: field marshal), especially in foreign countries. Also, to arrange or array in proper order; to gather together for dispatch or use, as before or after an operation or battle; also called "marshal area" or RALLY POINT. Also, to usher ceremoniously, or to escort ceremonially.
MARSHALING BATON :
the safety wand, used in pairs by a GROUND GUIDE, to direct vehicles and aircraft in parking areas; brightly colored and luminous, these wands are waved in conventional HAND SIGN patterns by the "follow me" functionary when directing the safe movement of vehicles or aircraft in congested spaces. [v: usher, marshaler]
MARSHALL PLAN :
the beginning of America's foreign aid program in 1948 that was not aimed at any ideology or nation, but "against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos", and was advanced as a method of "waging peace" ... this program, which was formally designated the 'European Recovery Program', earning George C. Marshall the Nobel Prize, was the basis for Lyndon B. Johnson's offer to give North Vietnam foreign aid in an amount equivalent to America's military expenditure if the DRV/NVN would cease and desist its aggression against RVN/SVN. See PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE, LODGE-PHILBIN ACT, CLIENT STATE, NATION BUILDING. [nb: foreign aid was called "dollar diplomacy" during the William Howard Taft administration to characterize the policies of Secretary of State Philander C. Knox] [nb: "We have tried since the birth of our nation to promote our love of peace by a display of weakness. This course has failed us utterly." by George Catlett Marshall (1945)]
MARTIAL ART :
a form, either traditional or scientific, of close combat or self-defense that utilizes disciplined coordination and physical skill, with or without weapons, and may be practiced as a physical fitness regimen or as a rated sport (eg: t'ai chi chuan); although unarmed fighting techniques, recognized by degrees of proficiency with colored belts (dan), are the most common modes, practices with specific armaments are also recognized. MARTIAL ARTs (budo) include capoeira, shintaido, t'ai chi chuan, choi kwang do, stav, hwa rang do, hapkido, taido, wrestling, sumo, judo / jujitsu, aikido, shorinji kempo, jeet kune do, karate (shotokan, shito ryu, goju ryu, wado ryu), kalaripayattu, soo bahk do, tae kwon do, tang soo do, kung fu (hung-gar, wu shu, wing chun), vovinam viet vo dao, boxing / pugilism, kickboxing, muay thai (Thai boxing), savate (boxe Francais), krav maga, kuk sool won, bando thaing, kali silat, daito ryu aiki bujutsu, kajukenbo, mowie di do, gatka, chanbara / goshindo, iaido, haidong gumdo, kumdo, kendo, fencing, kyudo, archery, naginata, ninjutsu, kobudo, truncheon or stick-fighting. See JAP SLAPPER, MMA, ONE-TWO, KNUCKLE SANDWICH, BOK-BOK, TWO-FISTED, BEAT HIM TO THE PUNCH, COUNTERPUNCH, BATS 'n' HATS, RUBBER DUCK, WASTER, WOODEN SWORD, ON GUARD, EQUALIZER, WEAPON / WPN, AT CLOSE QUARTERS, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE, PULL ONE'S PUNCHES. [v: Japanese gijutsu (technique, art); Japanese bushido (the way of the military gentleman)]
MARTIAL LAW :
(forthcoming); see CURFEW, CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER, DOUBTFULS, DETAINEE, RENDITION, BATS 'n' HATS, WE DON'T NEED NO STINKIN' BADGES, DRUMHEAD, SOFA, ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, UCMJ, MCM, JUDGE LYNCH, PROVOST COURT, PROVOST GUARD, PROVOST MARSHAL, SNOW DROP, MP, SP, AP, CONSTABULARY, POLICE. [nb: the Supreme Court established (Ex parte Milligan 1866) that civilians could not be legally tried by military tribunals in areas where regular courts continued to function during wartime; nonetheless, if a state of war exists (declared or not), the writ of habeas corpus may be suspended (with suspects imprisoned without trial for the duration) under martial law]
MARTINET :
a strict disciplinarian, a severe taskmaster, or an exacting drillmaster; eponymously after General Jean Martinet, the French inventor of a system of DRILL. Also, someone who stubbornly adheres to rules or methods, regardless of the circumstances; see LITTLE PRICK, SHAKE 'n' BAKE, RAMROD, HARD-SET, BRASS EAR, HARD-NOSE, HARD-ASS, HELL ON WHEELS, BALL BUSTER, BRASS-COLLAR, HEADQUARTERISM; compare HARD-ASS. [nb: known as "pannikin boss" by AUSSIE and KIWI troops]
MARTYR :
someone who willingly dies for his belief or convictions, such as a TRUE BELIEVER; see CAM TU, TERRORIST, BAD GUYS, MASSACRE, ATROCITY. Also, someone who undergoes torment or suffering, scourging or torture because of his belief; someone who is put to death on behalf of his commitment to a particular cause; compare BELIEVER.
MARTYR'S VEST :
the explosive undergarment, often packed with anti-personnel SHRAPNEL, which is worn by a suicide BOMBER or fanatical TERRORIST when wreaking havoc upon the "enemy" ... generally unarmed civilians. See CAM TU, MASSACRE, ATROCITY.
MARVIN THE ARVN :
dismissive reference by rhyming to any soldier serving in the Army of the Republic of VietNam; as HERMAN THE GERMAN was used during World War Two. Compare CHARLIE, GOMER, IVAN, BAD GUYS.
MASCOT :
an animal or object that's been adopted by a group as its representative symbol, which is intended to engender influence or advantage; as derived from talisman or charm; see BULLDOG, MULE, GOAT, THE BIRD, BLACK DEVIL, "Tony the Tiger" at LLDB and VNSF, "Screaming Eagles" at PUKING BUZZARDS and SCREAMING CHICKENS, MEAT MARKER, JOSS STICK, ANTHROPOMORPHISM. [nb: the mascot of a bulldog, called "Rocky the Marne Dog", was contributed (1942) by Walt Disney after serving in the 3rd Inf Div] [v: Moe the Kangaroo at Virginia Military Institute, General and Boo V bulldogs at The Citadel, Cadets at Norwich]
MASH :
Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, supporting military actions at brigade and higher levels; has been superseded by the Forward Surgical Team (FST). See SICK CALL, AID STATION, EVAC, CSH, FLD HOSP, MEDEVAC, AGONY WAGON, CHOP SHOP.
MASHER :
American operation in Bihn Dinh province during 1966
MASK :
a screen, as of earth or brush, used for concealing or obscuring an observation post (OP), a weapons' mount (EMPLACEMENT or BARBETTE), or any military operation; see CONCEALMENT, SCREEN, ANTI-THERMAL CLOAK, HIDE, CAMO.
MASKING :
the employment of additional transmitters in electronic warfare (EW) so as to obscure or conceal the location or purpose of a particular source of electromagnetic radiation; see ELINT, COUNTERMEASURES.
MASK OF COMMAND :
see FLINT FACE, QUARTERDECK FACE, DEADPAN, HALF-MAST, WAR FACE, FACE, BEARD THE LION, COMMAND PRESENCE.
MASOCHIST :
someone who endures the infliction of cruelty, anguish or degradation, in order to obtain emotional satisfaction or physical gratification; this trait is considered to be a psychosexual aberration that's an essential component (to one degree or another) of every soldier, who are often proud of this capacity. See PAIN, SUFFERING, THEATER OF CRUELTY; compare SADIST.
MASQ :
Military Airlift Squadron; see MATS, MAC, ATC, ATS, AMC, SPACE A.
MASSACRE :
commonly misused to mean "a general slaughter of opponents" or "to inflict a great defeat", it has a specific and limited application in the deliberate killing of unarmed and unresisting persons. As with the term "decimate" [to reduce by one-tenth, from the ancient Roman (and Chinese) practice of punishing every tenth man], the accuracy of a term's usage distinguishes its political value from its military correctness. The usual reference during the VIETNAM WAR is the 1968 "My Lai MASSACRE", with its political connotations; but historical revisionists are ignoring PAVN atrocities, such as at Dak Son (1967), at Hue (1968), and at Cai Lay District School (1974). See BODY COUNT, KILL 'EM ALL, OVERKILL, KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT, HEADHUNTING, TURKEY SHOOT, HOLOCAUST, APOCALYPSE, GENOCIDE, ATROCITY, WAR CRIMES TRIAL. [cf: blood feud; v: bloodbath, carnage, slaughter, hecatomb, mass murder, vernichtungsgedanken, pogrom/pogróm (destructive thunder)] [nb: "Attack them everywhere and shake the ground beneath them." by Abu Muhammad al-Adnani; "Most of the world's ills would be cured with one three-day open season on people." by Ernest M. Hemingway] [v: Myths of the Vietnam War ] [eg: Albi, Atlanta, Baharestan Square, Beziers, Carthage, Chatham Islands, Columbia, Covington, Dresden, Glencoe, Guernica, Hiroshima, Katyn, Lidice, Meroë, Nagasaki, Nanking/Nanjing, Shanghai, Sybaris, Tiananmen Square, Veii] [re: decimate is a culture-specific term that cannot be modified to properly reflect its modern sense of "only one-tenth remains" or of "nine-tenths destroyed"; v: decuple, cf: duple, triple, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple, sevenfold, octuple, ninefold]
MASS CASUALTIES :
any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time by armed attack, vast accident, or natural disaster, which overwhelms the available medical & logistic support capabilities; see TRIAGE, LUGGAGE TAG, WALKING GHOST, ZERO WARD, ZERO-ZERO WARD.
MAST :
a structure rising above the HULL of a ship for holding spars, rigging, and associated equipment. Also, any upright pole, post, or support, as for a radio aerial. Also, the support for a crane or derrick, BOOM or YARDARM; see DAVIT, BLOCK, TACKLE. Also, short for CAPTAIN'S MAST; see ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, OFFICE HOURS, BLUE BOOK.
MAST CRANK :
the ostensible tool for lowering the mast of a ship so as to clear an overpass when entering port, or to dip the flag as a sign of mutual respect when passing another vessel; a nonexistent object that a novice or tyro is required to obtain in the same manner as any other SNIPE HUNT objective; compare MERMAID, DRAGON.
MASTER-AT-ARMS :
a Naval petty officer (PO) responsible for maintaining discipline and determining accountability in each department on-board ship; the MAA serves as a parttime deputy to the Chief Master-At-Arms (CMAA). See SHERIFF, SP, POLICE, CAPTAIN'S MAST, ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, BRIG.
MASTER BLASTER :
nickname for a Master Parachutist or JUMPMASTER; compare BLAST, CHERRY BLAST; see ABN, AIRBORNE, PARACHUTE, PARATROOPER, CENTURY WINGS, WINGS.
MASTER SERGEANT / MSG :
being the non-commissioned officer (NCO) grade (E-8) between Sergeant First Class (E-7) and Sergeant Major or Command Sergeant Major (E-9), and represented by three chevrons above three ROCKERs as sleeve rank insignia; this rank is rated equal to First Sergeant (1SG / FSG). See SARGE, BUCK, RIGHT ARM, FIRST SHIRT, TOP, NCO, SUPER GRADE, RATING, GRADE, RANK.
MASTER-SLAVE MANIPULATOR :
any of various devices that are guided by the hand of the operator so as to imitate the motions and tactile sensitivity of the human hand, to a greater or lesser extent, as used in situations in which direct handling of the objects or materials involved would be dangerous or impossible. See BLUE SUIT. [cf: remote mechanical agents or servo-manipulation systems for use in sterile, hazardous, or contaminated environments began during WWII with the handling of radioactive materials; initially in the form of insulated gripper arms named "Waldo" (being a cognate of 'rule' or 'command', after the 1942 novel by Robert A. Heinlein), later known as the "Waldo F. Jones Synchronous Reduplicating Pantograph", and now as a telefactoring device, useful in bomb disposal and extraterrestrial maintenance]
MAT :
Mobile Advisory Team. Usually a six-member team of two U.S. Army officers, three enlisted men, and an interpreter responsible for training territorial forces (RF/PF). See MTT, ADV.
MATA :
Military Assistance and Training Advisory course, being a 6-week program of orientation and instruction, including 120-hours of Vietnamese language, taught in the Special Warfare Center and School (SWC&S) at Fort Bragg beginning in 1962; see MATS, ADV, CAP, COUNTERPART, SHEEP-DIPPED, CO VAN MY, INDIG, LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, UGLY AMERICAN.
MATERIEL / MATÉRIEL :
aggregate of military equipment and supplies used by any organizational unit. Compare Personnel.
MATING MOSQUITOES :
CPL
slang for the sleeve RANK insignia of a Corporal (CPL/E-4), the lowest GRADE non-commissioned officer (NCO), showing two chevrons ... that is, one MOSQUITO WING coupled to another! See SWINE LOG, EM, RATING, GRADE, RANK.
MATS :
Military Air Transport Service, redesignated Military Airlift Command (MAC) on 1 Jan 1966, which is Uncle Sugar's no-frills airline for "Space Available" travel by dependents and retirees; often interpreted as "Maybe Airplane Take-off Soon". See MAC, ATC, ATS, AMC, MASQ, SPACE A, DEADHEAD. Also, abbreviation for Military Advisor Training School, being a 2-week course at Di-Anh after 1968 that oriented and instructed ADVISORs dispatched to ARVN units; see MATA, ADV, COUNTERPART, CAP, SHEEP-DIPPED, CO VAN MY, INDIG, LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, UGLY AMERICAN.
M-ATV :
Mine-resistant ambush-protected All Terrain Vehicle, being a smaller lighter-weight TRUCK used for off-road patrolling, as manufactured from 30 June 2009 by Oshkosh Defense; this model is categorized as a Mine-Resistant Utility Vehicle (MRUV). Compare ATV, LSV, FAV, MULE.
MAU :
Marine Amphibious Unit.
MAUNDY / MAUNDY MONEY :
money distributed as ALMS, especially as part of the ceremonial observance of Maundy Thursday during Holy Week; as derived from Jesus' mandate to His disciples after washing their feet and sharing the Last Supper with them. Compare ALMS, BEGGING BOWL, SCROUNGE, CUMSHAW.
MAVERICK :
an OFFICER promoted from the ranks, as by OCS or direct commission; see MUSTANG, UP THE HAWSEPIPE, BLUE BLOOD, COCKTAIL, OFFICER'S COUNTRY. Also, any independent-minded or non-conformist person, such as an OFFICER with enlisted experience, who cares more about the welfare of his troops than about being a "good organization man" [cf: ROGUE, imp, scamp, rascal, scalawag, scapegrace, miscreant, rake, roué, knave, scoundrel, villain, whoreson]. Also, designation for the AGM-65 Air-to-Ground MISSILE. Also, designation for the AGM-86D Air-to-Ground television-guided MISSILE. Also, a misappropriated or misused government vehicle, as one "branded" for personal use; compare POV. [nb: the eponymous maverick is comparable to "cleanskin" in Australia, where any standard or generic product could be marked or branded for sale or distribution by another, as a house label or customized gift; both terms originally referred to unmarked or untagged cattle]
MAW :
Marine Air/Aircraft Wing. Also, abbreviation for Mission Adaptive Wing, being aircraft wings that can change the shape of their upper, leading, and trailing edge surfaces so as to improve flight performance without the use of hanging devices, such as FLAPs.
MAWTS :
Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron.
MAYAQUEZ OPERATION :
(forthcoming); 15 May 1975 off Cambodia.
MAYDAY :
an international RADIO/TELEPHONE distress call used by ships and aircraft that involves the imminent loss of life or property; origin "m'aider" (Venez) "Come help me!". Compare SECURITE, PAN; see SOS, CSEL, GUARD, BLIND TRANSMISSION, RTP, PROWORD.
MBT :
heavily armored Main Battle Tank, such as SHERMAN, PERSHING, PATTON, ABRAMS; also called "heavy" or "heavy metal"; see TANK, TRACK. [nb: WWII Sherman was 9ft wide weighing 38tons, while GULF WAR Abrams is 11ft wide weighing 70tons; fuel rate: 0.5mpg; the logistics tail "rule of thumb" for armored vehicles is: for each ton of vehicle weight, move 4 tons of supplies (fuel, parts, ammo, etc)]
MC :
(em-see) abbreviation for Mission Commander, principally used by USAF, for the specific and limited designation of a unit or operational leader with the most experience or best proficiency, regardless of RANK. This is a common practice in training scenarios, but special operations forces (SOF) also use it in combat, when the technically qualified ranking officer is untested, becoming a STRAP-HANGER observer until "approved" by his subordinates to his superiors. See COMMANDER, CO, COMMAND ELEMENT, CHAIN-OF-COMMAND, LDR, OLD MAN, SKIPPER, TOP DOG, MOTHER HEN, HONCHO, 10, WALLAH, DCO, XO, OVERSIGHT. Also, abbreviation for Medical Corps; see BONE CUTTER, SAWBONES, BABY DOC, DOC, ANGEL, FUZZY-WUZZY ANGEL, RAMP TRAMP, ORDERLY, PECKER-CHECKER, MEDIC, CORPSMEN, BAC SI, Y SI, BAND-AID, CHOP SHOP, HOSP, LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE. [nb: Vietnamese term: Nguoi Giai Phau] [nb: a separate medical department was established in the U.S. Army in 1818, and in the U.S. Navy (BuMed) in 1842; the Army established a corps for nurses (ANC) in 1901, and the Navy accepted nurses in 1908; the medical branch also includes dentists, veterinarians, pharmacists, and other specialists]
MCAS :
Marine Corps Air Station; compare MAD, NAS.
MCATF :
Mechanized Combined Arms Task Force.
MCB :
Marine Corps Base.
McCARTHYISM :
the practice of making unsupported accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-communist activity, based on slight or irrelevant evidence; also referred to as the "Second Red Scare"; named after the Congressional hearings (HUAC) conducted by J.R. "Tailgunner Joe" McCarthy. Also, the practice of making accusations or allegations in order to restrict criticism or suppress dissent.
MCCDC :
Marine Corps Combat Development Command, Quantico, Virginia.
MCCM :
the Modular Crowd Control Munition (M-5) is a "less than lethal" anti-personnel device that's used to incapacitate a large group of persons with a FLASHBANG and the impact of rubber ball projectiles. The MCCM can be selectively, serially, or cluster discharged by electrically ignited TRIGGERs, and deployed by mounted or dismounted troops. This directional munition has an effective range of 5-30 meters in a 60-degree semicircular arc of coverage. Used at American embassies since 2006, its similar resemblance to the CLAYMORE (M-18A1) mine serves as a deterrence to riot and other mob lawlessness.
MCCWTC :
Marine Corps Cold Weather Training Center; see MWTC.
McGUIRE RIG :
devised by SGM Charles T. McGuire, an SF sergeant serving with Project Delta (see GREEKS); this is an extraction method for when helicopters cannot land, which utilizes the same equipment for a RAPPEL insertion. Originally the RIG "string" was conceived as a stirrup LINE or sling EYE; it was later refined by MSG Norman Donny as a quick connect for the integral Swiss seats to be converted into body loops over existing field gear. Lifted and moved like sling-loaded cargo, the team had to secure the ropes during landing to prevent fowling of the helicopter rotors. Adaptations to the basic technique occurred, such as safety wrist straps and linking arms to prevent spinning. The major defect of the McGUIRE RIG was for wounded or unconscious team members, who were liable to fall out of their hookup. The STABO (QV) full-body harness, invented at the MACV RECONDO School, remedied this problem. [nb: called "suspended rope extraction" by Australian and New Zealand SAS]
MCI :
Mission Capability Inspection.
MCM :
Manual for Courts Martial, which stipulates the standard procedures, unified among the services in 1951, for the proper conduct of a trial; see EXECUTIVE SESSION, UCMJ.
McNAMARA LINE :
a theoretical line, extending from the DMZ through Laos to Thailand, involving high-tech surveillance equipment and space-age munitions, as a barrier to North Vietnamese infiltration of South Vietnam. Considered for implementation as late as Operation Lam Son 719; an eponymous phrase after Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara. See HO CHI MINH TRAIL; compare McNAMARA'S WALL, STAR WARS, MAGINOT LINE, SIEGFRIED LINE, MARETH LINE, SMEZ, IRON CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
McNAMARA'S HUNDRED THOUSAND :
a draft quota to be achieved by lowering the minimum score of the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), as established by DoD to meet force requirements of the VIETNAM WAR, Korea, Germany, Panama, and elsewhere. See DRAFT, DRAFT LOTTERY, DRAFTEE, MUSTER, AFEES, CALL TO THE COLORS. [eg: 1994 "Forrest Gump" movie]
McNAMARA'S WALL :
a scheme to construct a 25-mile barrier along the northern border of South Vietnam (SVN) to block North Vietnamese Army (NVA) infiltration across the DMZ; officially designated "Operation Die Marker", and eponymously named after Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara, but also known as "McNamara's Folly". Perhaps inspired by the 660 yards wide by 8.2 mile long "fire break" erected by Marines from Con Thien through Gio Linh, but "McNamara's Wall" was a more ambitious project, consisting of land mines and barbed wire, as well as acoustic sensors and infrared intrusion detectors. The project began in April 1967, but was preempted by the relief efforts for the siege of Khe Sanh in 1968, remaining incomplete. Compare STAR WARS, MAGINOT LINE, SIEGFRIED LINE, MARETH LINE, SMEZ, IRON CURTAIN, BAMBOO CURTAIN, BAR LEV LINE, CACTUS CURTAIN, McNAMARA LINE, CHINESE WALL, DEW LINE, PHASE LINE. [cf: Hadrian's Wall, Antonine Wall, Great Wall of China] [nb: the Dutch built Wall Street (1652-98) as a defense against the British in New York] [nb: "The strength of a wall is neither greater nor less than the men who defend it." by Genghis Khan; "Whoever loves a quarrel loves sin; whoever builds a high gate invites destruction." Proverbs 17:19 NIV Bible]
McNAMera :
a coinage eponymously attributing wartime policies to Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara ... the McNamara era of the VIETNAM WAR ... which he later repudiated.
MCW/LRP :
Meal Cold Weather / Long Range Patrol [ration], being the nutritious successor (2004) to LRRP-RATIONS and Ration Cold Weather (RCW); the dehydrated contents of this long shelf-life food packet, packaged in white camouflage, will not freeze. This lightweight and compact meal, designed for cold weather feeding, may be issued at the rate of three per day per person (1540kcal/meal, 4620kcal/day) for a complete winter diet. The menues include chicken w/rice, beef stroganoff w/noodles, beef terriyaki w/rice, Western omelet, lasagna w/meat sauce, beef stew, spaghetti w/meat sauce, seafood chowder, scrambled eggs w/bacon, pork w/rice, chili macaroni w/beef, turkey tetrazzini; and these main courses are supplemented by Ramen noodle soup, peanut butter, cheese spread, crackers, toaster pastry, granola bar, fruit bar, chocolate sports bar, fudge brownie, banana walnut dessert bar, peanut brittle bar, nut raisin mix, roasted nuts, shortbread cookies, chocolate covered cookie, chocolate disks, chocolate toffee roll, cocoa beverage powder, lemon-lime beverage base, orange beverage base, and extra drink mixes for countering dehydration ... Corn Nuts, Walnettos, and a freeze-dried ice cream sandwich are the latest commercial items that have been added, while chocolate-covered coffee beans, energy fruit chews, and caffeinated chewing gum are being evaluated for inclusion. Although the sodium and protein content of the MCW/LRP is controlled to decrease the consumer's need for water, each meal requires an average of 34oz of potable water for its rehydration [nb: the Army Food Lab claims that the liquid required to hydrate these meals is not "extra", but is the normal allotment essential to prevent dehydration and hypothermia; water requirements don't change with dried foods: "There's a misconception that you need extra water for dehydrated rations. You need a given amount of water per day depending on activity and temperature. Whether some of that comes in the food or is consumed separately, the water requirement is the same."]. Weighing less than Meals Ready-to-Eat (MRE) but providing more sustenance, the MCW/LRP ration is best suited for MIL-PERS who are not easily resupplied. Most soldiers say that this ration makes them feel full, and some complain that it's too much food. See RATIONS.
M-DAY :
Mobilization-Day; the term used to designate the unnamed day on which full mobilization commences or is due to commence. The M-DAY materiel inventory objective is the quantity of things needed on or before operational commencement by active or reserve forces with delivery through the prescribed operational period. See TIME.
MEACONING :
a system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the same frequency, causing inaccurate bearings to be obtained, so as to confuse navigation by air and ground stations; see BEAM, VECTOR. Also, a system of receiving broadcast signals and rebroadcasting them back, creating DECOY or DECEPTIVE readouts, such as GHOST or SHADOW images, confusing electronic guidance systems with a multiplicity of false (and a single true choice) options; see MIJI, RED HERRING. Also, a system of spoofing a microwave base station so as to decoy cellular telephone traffic and deceive the transmitter with the intent of capturing or altering data; see MIJI, NETRUSION.
MEA CULPA :
a classic Latin phrase that literally means "through my fault" or "(it's) my responsibility", but this expression has been widely misused to beg forgiveness or seek pardon; it is not the equivalent of 'excuse me', nor does it request allowance, amnesty, apology, or condonation, neither to forbear, forgo, condone, overlook, or absolve. See NO EXCUSE, ACCOUNTABILITY, RESPONSIBILITY, ZERO TOLERANCE, save face at FACE; compare XIN LOI, SORRY ABOUT THAT, sumimasen at ITTY-WA DESKA.
MEALY-MOUTHED / MEALYMOUTHED :
avoiding the use of direct and plain language, as from timidity, excessive delicacy, or hypocrisy; inclined to mince words, to dissemble or dissimulate; insincere, devious, or compromising. See NO EVIL, RESPECT, JUDGMENT CALL, BEARING, TACT.
MEANDER :
to proceed by taking a winding course or indirect route, a circuitous path or roundabout journey; to progress by twists and turns. Also, to wander aimlessly; ramble or amble. Compare SQUARE CORNERS, EYE-BALL; see ACCORDION, CATERPILLAR, CROCODILE, JITTERBUG, SCUTTLE, BUTTERFLY, CLOVERLEAF, LEAP FROG, HOPSCOTCH, CORKSCREW, ZIGZAG, SNAKE, SLACKER, TAP-DANCER, ROMPER, STRAGGLER. [v: meandrous, meander line]
MEANS :
the resources or expenditures needed to accomplish something, as "by any means" or "at all costs"; a method or manner, process or procedure, way or practice, which is typically represented as THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, except that the means are the ends!
MEASURE SWORDS :
to test one's strength or ability, courage or fortitude against that of someone else; a comparison preliminary to a competition, a check before contending in a contest. This phrase derives from the close examination of weapons made by the seconds to ensure that they both match in every detail before commencing a DUEL. [nb: a 'stickler' was the second in single combat, and so was very punctilious about the minutest points of etiquette, then later becoming an umpire or referee in competitive tournaments, and finally being any person who persistently demands absolute adherence or unyielding conformity] [nb: "So we measured swords and parted." by William Shakespeare in As You Like It (1599)] [cf: to take someone's measure; v: to Measure up]
MEATBALL :
Japan
in Naval aviation, informal designation for the glowing signals that provide glideslope reference while an airplane is on landing approach to an aircraft carrier (FLATTOP); the term for the red ball of light seen in the old mirror landing system which predated the current Fresnel lens guidance system. Also, an Imperial Japanese, or an Imperial Japanese engine of war so emblazoned, with specific reference to the "Rising Sun" motif, and by extension of the informal slur (ie: stupid, ineffectual, etc); also called "burning asshole", "fiery asshole", "flaming asshole", "shining asshole", "radiant-" or "radiating asshole" (with the latter pertaining to the wartime flag). See NIP, JAPE, BAD GUYS.
MEAT EATER / MEAT-EATER / MEATEATER :
antonomastic descriptor for a fearsome brute or ferocious savage, especially a marauder or raider; being a consumer of flesh (typically raw and bloody) with other base or gross appetites; an indelicate carnivore, and not a refined or cultivated vegetarian. See KNUCKLE-DRAGGER, BRUTE, HUMAN ZOO, SHAVED MONKEY, SILENT MAJORITY, BUBBA EFFECT, BANJO COUNTRY, REACTIONARY, CONSERVATIVE, ANTI-FEDERALIST, WHITE TRASH, THIRD ESTATE.
MEAT GRINDER :
see LEATHERNECK SQUARE, HAMBURGER HILL.
MEAT MARKER :
an indelible mark or sign, specific to a particular unit and often personalized, that's tattooed onto a MIL-PERS body in a unique location, for the purpose of identifying the individual's corpse after dismemberment on the battlefield; also called a "torso tattoo", "devil's mark" or "witch's mark". Specimen MEAT MARKERs have included unit logos or mascots, with a unit number or personal name, however these special markings are not ornamental TATTOOs. Even though some MEAT MARKERs are placed in obscure locations, not ordinarily visible, the standard restrictions regarding inappropriate legends or depictions remain in effect. The MEAT MARKER probably originated (out of gallows humor) by imitation of the purple dye stamp applied by USDA inspectors when grading the quality of butchered meat sold in the COMMISSARY. See CONTINUATION TATTOO, SAT CONG, EARRING, DOG TAGS, ID CARD, BRACELET, COINING, CLEAN, STERILE. [nb: Tom Custer, twice awarded the Medal of Honor, was so badly mutilated at the Battle of the Little Bighorn (26 June 1876) that his body could only be identified by a distinctive tattoo] [nb: members of the Nazi Schutzstaffel (SS) were purportedly marked with a personalized fraternal tattoo near their armpit, which served as both identification and authentication]
MEAT WAGON :
slang for any motorized wheeled ambulance (CRACKER BOX) or motorized TRACKed ambulance (BAND-AID) that's used on roadways and in the field; see MEDEVAC, DUSTOFF, AIR AMBULANCE, LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE. [cf: ambulette]
MEB :
Marine Expeditionary Brigade, being the designation for the first USMC force sent to RVN in March 1965, with the mission of protecting the AIRFIELDS; as more assets arrived IN-COUNTRY, became Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF).
MECH :
MECHanized infantry (designated blue), as derived from mounted rifles (designated green) or dragoons (designated orange), who rode to battle but fought on foot; see CHECKERBOARD, HERRINGBONE, LAAGER; compare CAV, ACR, AIR CAV, AIR ASSAULT, AIRMOBILE, HELIBORNE, YELLOWLEG, DRAGOON, PONY SOLDIER, DOG SOLDIER, LONG KNIFE, BLUELEG, INF, DOZER INFANTRY. [nb: Vietnamese term: Bo Binh Co Van (motorized infantry)] Also, short for MECHanic (who was originally identified as "mechanician"), who was also called 'artificer', but was often nicknamed GREASE MONKEY; see RAMROD, SNIPE, BLACK GANG. [nb: Vietnamese term: Co Khi, Tho May]
THE MED :
NavSpeak slang for the general area of the Mediterranean Sea, being the inland sea surrounded by Africa, Europe, and the Near East of Asia; See THE GULF, FIVE SEAS, POND, FLOAT, THE MOG, ABSURDISTAN, THE STANS, SANDBOX; compare THE ROOT, THE NAM.
MEDAL :
a piece of metal, cast or struck, variously shaped (eg: disk, cross, star, etc) and mounted (eg: rosette, pendant, etc), bearing an inscription or decoration in relief, which is designed for specific issue as a token of commemoration or as a reward for bravery, merit, service, or other civil or military distinction; see GONG, IMPACT AWARD, FRUIT SALAD, DEVICE, V-DEVICE, OLC, BATTLE STAR, CORD, UNIT CITATION, CAMPAIGN MEDAL, TRASH, BOLO BADGE, Q-TAB, SCRAP METAL COLLECTOR, REVOCATION. [nb: an insignia emblematic of the honors and lineage of a military organization, unlike familial "coats of arms", may be individually enhanced but not personally heritable; v: Heraldry ] [nb: Any person convicted of misconduct or a criminal charge by a U.S. military tribunal, or who receives a less than honorable discharge based upon actions while serving on active duty, or whose acts do not accord with the Code of Conduct, and whose actions are documented by U.S. military records is ineligible for the award of medals. Any found or recovered medals (or any other U.S. military items) remain the property of the U.S. government, and should be returned with a letter of explanation to: The Secretary of Defense; The Pentagon (Room 3E880); Washington, DC 20301]
MEDAL OF FREEDOM :
the highest civilian award in recognition of an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors; also known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom". Established by President Harry Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II, but in 1963, after falling into disuse, President John F. Kennedy revived and expanded the medal's purpose. The MEDAL OF FREEDOM is awarded annually, and at other times as directed, to recognize recipients selected by the president, either on his own initiative or based on the recommendations of the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board. In common with the highest grades of the LEGION OF MERIT, the MEDAL OF FREEDOM may be presented to non-citizens for their outstanding contributions to America. The medal can be awarded to an individual more than once, and may be awarded posthumously. The badge of the MEDAL OF FREEDOM is taken from the crest of the United States Coat of Arms, having the form of a golden star with white enamel, with a red enamel pentagon behind it; the central disc bears thirteen white enamel stars on a blue enamel background within a golden ring; golden American eagles with spread wings stand between the arms of the star; with the whole suspended on a blue neck ribbon with white edge stripes. A special grade of the medal, known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction", has the abovementioned medal worn as a star on the left chest; or is worn as a sash on the right shoulder, with its rosette (blue with white edge, bearing the central disc of the badge at its centre) resting on the left hip. Another special grade of the medal, known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom with Military Distinction, has the abovementioned medal worn from a ribbon differenced by a series of white stars. See PRESIDENTIAL CITIZENS MEDAL, DSM, LOM, MSM, GREEN WEENIE, AAM, GONG.
MEDAL OF HONOR / MOH :
1862 Medal of Honor
1896 Medal of Honor
the nation's highest award for valor; it was created by an Act of Congress and signed into law in December 1861 (first presented 25 March 1863) during the American CIVIL WAR as a pendant medal, and was the only award for gallantry until WWI. An act of Congress designated 25 March as "National Medal of Honor Day" in remembrance of the courage and sacrifice of the recipients. The MOH is widely misrepresented as the "Congressional Medal of Honor" (CMH, or "Coffin with Metal Handles"), but it is awarded by the President in the name of Congress (hence Douglas MacArthur's second award without review); it's sometimes called "Blue Max". Each branch of service has its own unique version. All awards are presented to recipients to recognize their accomplishment; no medal can "make" a HERO, and no medal is "won" by a 'contestant'. See BREVET, PURPLE HEART (PH) medal, GONG.
MEDALLION :
the proper designation for a metallic token resembling a 'coin' but intended to be used in non-monetary applications or non-commercial exchanges; anything resembling a medal (GONG) in form or function, especially an ornamental object or device, such as a token that's been surface shaped by striking metal between two dies. See CHALLENGE COIN, COINING, HARD TIMES TOKEN, CHIT. [cf: Australian brass razoo, British handsel; v: obverse/reverse, cross/pile, ornament, bijou, bauble, gewgaw, gimcrack, trinket, bagatelle, knickknack, bric-a-brac, trifle, notion] [nb: it's illegal to deface, disfigure, or deform U.S. currency; furthermore, the size and weight of commemorative medallions or commercial tokens (slugs) must be other than that of U.S. coinage]
MED BAG :
either the M-3, M-5, or M-17 medical supply bag, or the USN "Unit 1" ("Unit One") field medical kit bag, that's packed from a recommendation list by the Army medic or Navy corpsman carrying and using it, who could alter or augment as required, and was slung by strap or lashing; also called the "med kit bag" or "field med kit bag". Compare FIELD SURGICAL KIT, FIRST AID KIT, IFAK; see MUSETTE, CLS, COMPRESS, ASA, APC, SYRETTE, BLOOD EXPANDER, ABO, DOG BITE, SPILL THE GROCERIES, STRETCHER, AGONY WAGON, BAND-AID, MEDEVAC, MEDIC, DOC. [nb: "rucksack" = back-sack; "knapsack" = bite/snap-up/eat, food sack; "kit-bag" = soldier's small bag/knapsack; "haversack" = single-strapped feed bag worn over one shoulder; musette = single-strapped small bag worn over one shoulder] [cf: bundle, bindle/bindlea, swag, bluey, dilly bag, tucker-bag, bag, pouch, tote, sack, traps, pack, grip, gripsack, overnighter, weekender, holdall, carpetbag, B-4 bag, suitcase, one-suiter, single-suiter, two-suiter, three-suiter, portmanteau, Gladstone bag, traveling case, garment bag, Val-Pack, luggage; v: "scrip" wayfarer's bag or wallet; "viaticum" traveler's money and necessities]
MEDCAP :
Medical Civic Action Program; military physicians and medical assistants provided public health treatment in many remote VILLEs. See CA, CAP, DENTCAP, ICAP, WINNING HEARTS AND MINDS.
MEDEVAC :
(med-ee-vack) a contraction of MEDical EVACuation, being primarily associated with the helicopter transport of casualties from the field to a HOSPITAL; also called DUSTOFF (1964 radio CALL-SIGN of LT Paul B. Kelley) or AIR AMBULANCE. The term MEDEVAC, which may also be spelled "med-evac", refers to both the mission and the vehicle, with any capable aircraft without a higher priority serving the role whenever necessary. The UH-1 HUEY utility helicopter (SLICK), with its wide doors, excelled at this mission, but transport by any type of AIR AMBULANCE improved a soldier's chance of survival. The sound of a helicopter, probably the most ubiquitous memory of the VIETNAM WAR, is almost universally associated with some form of assistance or relief, and therefore an important factor in troop morale, which made pilots and aircrew more willing to take risks on behalf of beleaguered elements. With nearly 98% of WIAs evacuated alive from the battlefield, and no IN COUNTRY battlefield being more than an hour's travel time distant from medical care, the VIETNAM WAR had the highest casualty survival rate of any American conflict to date. See CRACKER BOX, BAND-AID, CASEVAC, CIVCAS, NEO, EVAC. [nb: James Webb has aptly called the MEDEVAC a "deus ex machina"] [nb: during the Vietnam War, the Marine Corps did not have discrete helicopters assigned for medical evacuation] Also, by extension, any MEDical EVACuation from training or combat by any means; see LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE. [nb: Australian and New Zealand forces use the term "CasEvac" for casualty evacuation from the field]
MEDIC :
medical aidman or medical CORPSMAN, who's affectionately known as DOC by most troops; also called "shank mechanic" or "pill pusher". The symbolic color of the medical and medical service corps is maroon for blood. See BAC-SI, Y-SI, BABY DOC, BONE CUTTER, ANGEL, FUZZY-WUZZY ANGEL, RAMP TRAMP, PECKER-CHECKER, ORDERLY, SSTP, AIR AMBULANCE, MEDEVAC, DUSTOFF, CRACKER BOX, BAND-AID, SICK CALL, AID STATION, CHOP SHOP, MASH, EVAC, FST, CSH, FLD HOSP, HOSPITAL, LUGGAGE TAG, STRETCHER, COMPRESS, DOG BITE, MED BAG, ASA, APC, SYRETTE, ABO, BLOOD EXPANDER, TRIAGE. [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MEDICAL KIT BAG :
see MED BAG; compare FIRST AID KIT, FIELD SURGICAL KIT.
MEDICAL REVIEW BOARD :
see Physical Evaluation Board (PEB).
MEET 'n' GREET :
rhyming slang for a formal "hail 'n' farewell" or "mugs 'n' hugs" DINING-IN; see BLAST, FEATHERS, WITH BELLS ON; compare COMPANY PARTY, SIGG.
MEETING ENGAGEMENT :
the inadvertent collision between advancing forces, neither of which is deployed for BATTLE; an unanticipated combat action at an unexpected time and place by maneuvering elements. If the contact is not direct, the opposing forces will maneuver to make it so (assess the enemy strength and fix his assets) before attempting to exploit an opportunity to pivot or FLANK. Compare PITCHED BATTLE, SPOILING ATTACK, AMBUSH, FIREFIGHT, CONTACT, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE, SMACK DOWN, DOGFIGHT, PUNCH-OUT, FIREFIGHT, GROUP HUG, CHITTY CHITTY BANG BANG, FRONTAL ASSAULT, BATTLE, BATTLEFIELD, FORCE MULTIPLIER, GAMBLER'S FALLACY, LAW OF AVERAGES.
MEF :
Marine Expeditionary Force.
MEGATON :
an explosive force equivalent to one million tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT); compare KILOTON, GIGATON; see CHARGE, BURSTING CHARGE, BLAST, BLAST WAVE, SHOCK WAVE, EXPLOSIVE PRESSURE. [cf: Richter magnitude scale]
MEI :
Management Effectiveness Inspection.
MEKONG :
one of the principal rivers of Southeast Asia (SEA), flowing more than 3000 miles from its source in the mountains of Tibet, along the boundary between Thailand and Laos, and into the South China Sea through nine outlets ... hence its nickname of "the river of nine dragons"; see VTSZ, RSSZ, NAKED FANNY, DEATH RAILWAY, HUMP, INDOCHINA.
MEKONG DELTA :
an area covering more than 26,000 square miles, and generally raised less than ten feet above sea level, that begins at Phnom Penh (the capital of Cambodia) where the Song Hau Giang branches off of the Mekong River, this estuarial splitting continues throughout the southernmost region (designated IV CTZ / MR4) of Vietnam; alluvial silting has made the area very fertile, suitable for wetland rice cultivation, and host to mangrove swamps. See IIFFV, JUNK FORCE, MRF, BROWN WATER, PLAIN OF REEDS, HO BO WOODS, U MINH FOREST, DOG'S FACE, PARROT'S BEAK, FISHHOOK, ELEPHANT'S FOOT, ANGEL'S WING, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN, SEVEN MOUNTAINS, HOA HAO.
MEMCON :
(mem-khon) MEMorandum of CONversation, being a verbatim transcript of a dialogue, conversation, or discussion that's documented for safekeeping; compare MFR, MR.
MEME :
a construct that encapsulates cultural particulars and conveys these entities to others in an abbreviated form, such as a quip or cartoon, pastiche or caricature, gesture or signal, gesticulation or chironomia, bagatelle or film clip, including skillcrafts and linguistics. Coined in 1976 by a British biologist, R. Dawkins, from the ancient Greek word for 'imitate' or 'copy', it represents the repetitive manner by which all elements of culture are transmitted, analogous to the biological transmission of genes. The collection of all memes is the basis of culture. Shared exposure to fantastic allusions and pop-culture referents (eg: Mad Max, Conan the Barbarian, Star Trek, Star Wars, Jetsons, Flintstones, Simpsons, Twilight Zone, X-Files, etc) now substitute for social analyses and bridge disparities among interpersonal backgrounds. Since the proliferation of SHORT-SHOT witticisms has been exacerbated by the internet, the meme has become the most common form of expression in social networking, from jokes and buzzwords to slogans and flames, including parodies and visuals. [eg: gammadion / swastika (svastika)] [cf: morpheme, phoneme]
MEMENTO :
see SOUVENIR, TRENCH ART, TROPHY, INSIGNIA, CHALLENGE COIN, SHORT SNORTER, CHIT. [v: artifact, relic, vestige, emblem, keepsake, favor, memorabilia, commemorative, reminder, remembrancer, memento mori, handsel]
MEMO PAD :
a small ruled writing tablet for making notes; see BUCK SLIP, POCKET BRAINS, WHEEL BOOK. [cf: bout de papier, aide-memoire]
MEMORABILIA :
commemorative SOG coin
see SOUVENIR, TRENCH ART, TROPHY, INSIGNIA, CHALLENGE COIN, SHORT SNORTER, CHIT. [v: artifact, relic, vestige, emblem, keepsake, favor, commemorative, reminder, remembrancer, memento, memento mori, handsel]
MEMORIAL :
see TAPS, KNELL, TATTOO, DEAD MARCH, SOLDIER'S CROSS, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, NATIONAL CEMETERY, BONEYARD, GARDEN OF STONES, POW-MIA DAY, MISSING MAN FORMATION, MEMORIAL DAY. ["Their bodies are buried in peace; but their name liveth for evermore." Ecclesiasticus 44:14] [v: cenotaph]
MEMORIAL DAY :
proclaimed a holiday by MG John A. Logan in General Order 11 to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) on 5 May 1868, it was first observed as Decoration Day on 30 May 1868 to commemorate CIVIL WAR dead. The name of Decoration Day was changed in 1882 to MEMORIAL DAY; and extended to those killed in all wars after WWI. It was proclaimed a national holiday in 1971, and its date of observance was changed to coincide with the last Monday in May. It's known as "Remembrance Day" (or "Poppy Day") by AUSSIE, KIWI, and other UK veterans. See TAPS, TROPHY, ANZAC, BUGLE CALL, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, POW-MIA DAY, FLAG DAY, BRONZE BRUCE, GABRIEL, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, MISSING MAN FORMATION; compare VETERANS' DAY, PATRIOT DAY, PATRIOT'S DAY. [nb: more than twenty-five municipalities claim to have originated Memorial Day, from Boalsburg PA (1864) and Carbondale IL (29 April 1866) to Columbus MS (25 April 1866) and Columbus GA (29 April 1866), but Congress settled the dispute in 1966 by legislating Waterloo NY (5 May 1866) as the official birthplace; regardless of where or when it began, such tribute was a sincere and solemn sentiment that became a widespread observance] [nb: many civilians confuse the meaning of the principal national holidays, combining each and commemorating all together at each date; instead of according honors to military servicemembers on Armed Forces Day, honors to veterans on Veterans' Day, and honors to the war dead on Memorial Day] [nb: the Yasukuni (meaning "peaceful country") shrine, dedicated in 1869 to the remembrance of Japan's honorable military dead in battle and recognition of their dutiful loyalty, has become a national "peace" monument since the atomic bombings that concluded WWII]
MENSCH / MENSCHEN :
a decent, upright, responsible, and mature person; see BITE THE BULLET, DIEHARD, BEARING, RIGHT STUFF, WINTER SOLDIER. [v: wight; cf: macho]
MENTICIDE :
the systematic effort to undermine and destroy a person's values and beliefs, and to induce radically different ideas, as by the use of prolonged interrogation, the application of torture and other deprivations, the restriction of nourishment and medicine, the manipulation of rewards and punishments, the administration of psychotropic drugs, and so forth; a technique refined during the KOREAN WAR; see BRAINWASHING, REEDUCATION, STRUGGLE.
MENTOR :
see DI, RIGHT ARM, LDR, RABBI, SEA DADDY, PATRON SAINT, JUDGMENT CALL, POPULARITY CONTEST. [nb: it's a well established fact that a good Drill Sergeant will take the raw material of a civilian and turn him into a soldier in the same way that he would take a tangled mess of steel wool and knit it into a tank!]
MENU :
the series of secretive cross-border air operations, from March 1969 through the May-June 1970 Cambodian INCURSION, including Breakfast, Lunch, Snack, Dinner, Supper, and Dessert, as developed by Henry A. Kissinger.
MEO :
a member of a diverse tribal group of seminomadic farming peoples of the mountains of southeastern China and the adjacent areas of northern Vietnam, northern Thailand, and Laos; a disparaging referent (barbarian) that's sometimes used by Laotians and Vietnamese, these peoples are also called "Miao" or "Hmong". Like the MONTAGNARDs, these INDIGenous people served as STRIKERs in the Royal Laotian Army (RLA) and with American ADVISORs in special projects. Also, the Miao-Yao language spoken in parts of southern China and southeast Asia.
MEPS :
the Military Enlistment Processing Station, that's commonly called a RECEPTION STATION or "Reception Center". See PMOS, AIT, AFEES, ASVAB, AFQT, AFGCT, Q-COURSE, OJT, CROSS-TRAINING, BILLET, BERTH.
MERC :
(murk) short form of MERCENARY (qv).
MERCENARY :
any venal person working primarily for rewards, especially someone hired to serve in a private or foreign army; also called "soldier of fortune". Formerly, a class of professional soldiers who sold their skills to various sovereigns; but the modern era has drawn psychopaths, criminals, and other corrupt adventurers into this category. Some governmental agencies employ military professionals under contract for temporary assignments or deniability, but selection and supervision is stringent. A popular slogan during Vietnam was: "If you kill for pay, then you're a MERCENARY. If you kill for pleasure, then you're a sadist. If you kill for peace, then you're a fanatic. If you do it all, then you're a grunt!". See CIA, CIDG, PRU, LETTER OF MARQUE, SHEEP-DIPPED, SINGLETON, FREE COMPANION, HACK, HIRED GUN, BINH XUYEN, WHITE VC. [v: free lance / freelancer, soldier of fortune, condottiere, landsknecht, privateer, corsair, picaroon, pirate, buccaneer / boucanier, vendible, hack, hirling / hireling, hired gun / hired muscle, red-shanks, Atholl Highlanders (duke of Atholl ca1269), Hessian, Haiduk / Heiduk, rapparee, filibuster, freebooter, cateran, marauder, despoiler, depredator, rover, mosstrooper, Wild Geese, William Walker's army (Nicaragua 1856), Popski's Private Army (Vladimir Peniakoff), Binh Xuyen (Cao Dai), ninja, ronin, yakuza] [nb: the original "Wild Geese" were Irish patriots who served with Napoleon against England, but their notorious name is recurrent among "hired muscle" seeking prestige; because the legs of breeches- or kilt-wearing Scottish mercenaries were exposed and bare, not covered by trousers, they were called "red-shanks"] [nb: the official history of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) notes that Vietnamese communist forces acted as MERCENARY rebels across the border in southern China so as to monopolize elements of the Kuomintang army, enabling Maoist revolutionaries to elude the remainder, thus preventing a Nationalist Chinese (CHINAT) victory] [nb: just before the Boxer Rebellion, a 1895 coup attempt against the Manchu Dynasty failed because the mercenaries, who were supposed to disguise themselves as civilians and travel with their armamentarium freighted, began bickering over their prowess while awaiting the ferry, and became so involved that they actually missed the boat!] [nb:"When Rome went out and hired mercenary soldiers, Rome fell." by Dwight D. Eisenhower (1951)]
MERCHANT MARINE :
Merchant Marine
properly known as the U.S. Maritime Service, it was established as part of the U.S. Department of Commerce by the 1936 Merchant Marine Act; and like the Coast Guard under the Department of Transportation, is subject to call-up onto active service under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Navy during wartime or other emergency. Beginning with a 1874 Congressional act that directed the U.S. Navy to use its ships for "the instruction of navigation and seamanship", several training centers were created for the basic training of MERCHANT MARINE officers. Congress later mandated, by the 1891 Postal Aid Law and the 1928 Jones-White Act, that ships accepting U.S. Government mail subsidies should take CADETs to be "educated in the duties of seamanship", with these seamen to later be examined for certification. To fill the emergency need for MERCHANT MARINE officers during WWI, the United States Shipping Board established an OCS-type course called "Free Training Schools for Merchant Marine Officers", which trained eligible seamen for officer BERTHs from 1917 until 1921. On 15 March 1938, the Merchant Marine Cadet Corps was founded by the U.S. Maritime Commission, under the authority of the 1936 Merchant Marine Act. Instruction at other centers, such as the New York Nautical School (1874), was consolidated by the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy under the guidance of the Coast Guard and the War Shipping Administration; graduating the first USMMA class in 1942, and dedicating its campus on 30 September 1943. During WWII, the four-year undergraduate curriculum was condensed to 18 months, including an on-board practicum at sea. Unlike the Coast Guard Academy, but in common with the other service academies, USMMA placement is by congressional appointment. By virtue of its CADET at sea term of training during wartime, when seven CADET crewmembers earned the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM), which is the Maritime Service's highest award for valor, the USMMA is the only Federal Academy authorized to carry a Battle Standard. The motto of the MERCHANT MARINE is: "We'll Deliver" ... which they have. See USMS, INFORMING GUN; compare COASTIES, USCG, USCGA, TRADE SCHOOL, USN.
MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY :
see USMMA.
MERCHANTS OF DEATH :
catch-phrase coined during WWI to condemn the armaments industry, such as DuPont and other businesses that specialized in war materiel, and applied when indicting German production during WWII, then revived to excoriate American manufacturers, such as Dow Chemical, during the VIETNAM WAR ... anti-war PROTESTORs proclaimed that "War is good business, so invest your son!"
MERCY :
under the LAWS OF WAR, the discretionary power to be compassionate or benevolent; as by omission during wartime in an act of restraint or forbearance, and by commission during wartime in an act of tolerance or indulgence ... showing compassion or benevolence toward an enemy or other person who's in one's power, or granting QUARTER to somebody under one's control. [v: clemency, leniency, alleviative; cf: charity, grace] [nb: "Mercy must not be permitted to rob justice." proverbial]
MERITOCRACY :
a management system established to reward and advance the members of an organization or society who have proven themselves to be the most talented and capable, regardless of any other assets or preferments; a system that truly exemplifies the adage: "the cream rises to the top" ... historically, every such system has been compromised and corrupted, leading to the counter-dictum: "shit floats"! See RANK, RATING, GRADE, CHAIN-OF-COMMAND, GARRISON STATE; compare CAKE-EATER, BRASS HAT, RING-KNOCKER, MILICRAT, KHAKI MAFIA, MANDARIN, WISE MEN, KITCHEN CABINET, WHIZ KID, POWER ELITE, BEST AND BRIGHTEST, BRAIN TRUST, BOOJIE, CZAR, POLITICIAN.
MERITORIOUS SERVICE MEDAL / MSM :
MSM
created in 1969 to recognize non-combat meritorious service, including staff or support work in a combat zone. This was an attempt to restore the prestige of the BRONZE STAR medal for meritorious service, but became just another GONG for TICKET-PUNCHERs to collect ... it's regarded as the junior (or company-grade) officer's version of the 'Good Conduct' medal (GCM). This award ranks between the Bronze Star and the Army Commendation Medal. See BSM, LOM, DSM, GREEN WEENIE, AAM, OLC, DEVICE, GONG.
MERMAID :
a folkloric sea creature, half woman and half fish, that's representative of the class of nonexistent monsters, of mythic animals or legendary beasts; including glacier snake, sea serpent, sea monster, triton, kraken, siren, centaur, hydra, cerberus, typhoeus / typhon, echidna, orthos, Nemean lion, firedrake, wyvern, griffin, chimera, cockatrice, basilisk, manticore, ogre, afreet, satyr, lamia, sphinx, unicorn, werewolf, whangdoodle, sasquatch/yeti, or other teratoid. Compare DRAGON, PROP WASH, and other SNIPE HUNT objectives.
MERMITE CONTAINER :
an insulated, subdivided, sturdy container for transporting hot or cold food to troops in the field; military version of the portable "cooler" chest. The metal MERMITE has been succeeded by the "Insulated Food Container" (IFC), made of impact-resistant high-density polyethylene, which uses standardized steam-table inserts, is more convenient to handle, and is easier to clean.
MERRILL'S MARAUDERS :
Merrill's Marauders
popular name bestowed upon the 5307th Composite Unit by a journalist after its commander Frank D. Merrill, being a raiding unit formed as Galahad in Oct 1943 to train under Orde Wingate's CHINDIT force in the China-Burma-India (CBI) theater of WWII. After more than seven months of combat, the remnants of the 5307th Composite Unit were combined with replacements to form the 475th Inf Rgt, which was joined by the 124th Cav Rgt and other support elements to form the 5332nd Brigade, or "Mars Task Force", on 15 Oct 1944. The 5332nd Bde operated along the LEDO ROAD until its July 1945 disbandment. The MERRILL'S MARAUDERS heritage was briefly revived as the 75th Regimental Combat Team (RCT) during 1954-6, before being transferred to the 75th Airborne Ranger Infantry Regiment in January 1969 during the VIETNAM WAR. See MARS, RANGER, SPECIAL OPERATIONS; compare RAIDER.
MESH :
see NET, GP, DEBARKATION NET, CARGO NET, BAR, SCREEN, FARADAY POUCH, MAIL.
MESS / MESSHALL :
a regular meal served to a group; term derived from a course at a meal, being the quantity of food sufficient for one group serving. Also, a dining room or refectory where such meals are served; sometimes called "chow hall", and since redesignated as a Dining Facility (DFAC); known as a FIELD KITCHEN when setup in BIVOUAC. The hygiene inspections of MESSHALLs are conducted by veterinarians (DVM), not Public Health sanitarians or physicians. Compare GALLEY, DINING-IN, CANTEEN, ANNEX, O CLUB; see BEANS, CHOW, DOG, GI JOE, CHOW LINE, COMFORT STATION, KP, DRO, COOKIE. [aka: greasy spoon, eatery, beanery, hash house, coffee shop, cafeteria, luncheonette, automat, salad bar, snack bar, soda fountain, lunch counter, dining room, lunchroom, tearoom, tea garden, teahouse, sandwich shop, burger joint, fast-food establishment, drive-in, truck stop, pizzeria, diner, restaurant, chophouse, steakhouse, carvery, trattoria, inn, tavern, dinner theater, supper club, brasserie, coffeehouse, bistro, cafe/café, grillroom, bar and grill, rathskeller, nightclub, cabaret, nitery] [v: napery, serviette]
MESS DRESS :
military version of formal attire, similar to a dinnner jacket or tuxedo in its various colors and styles, worn with bow tie, cummerbund, gloves, miniature medals, cape (called "boat cloak" by Navy), and sometimes sword. The tuxedo-style uniform (eg: Mess Dress Blue or Mess Dress White) is required wear by all officers, but the cutaway-style uniform (eg: Dinner Dress Blue or Dinner Dress White), being the military version of "top hat and tails" (ie: tail coat or swallowtail coat), is only required of senior officers. The MESS DRESS dinner jacket uniform, usually called a "monkey suit" due to its decorative or theatrical appearance on an "ape man", as donning "dress blues and tennis shoes", is also called a "penguin outfit", and the white version is known as a "blizzard blazer" or "snow suit". The Army dress blue uniform sustains the tradition of the Continental Army, the lapel facings of which once changed by RANK and regiment. See DRESS, DRESS WHITES, ICE-CREAM SUIT, WITH BELLS ON, SPANKERS AND CLANKERS, CONTRAFOIL, CLASS-A, WAR PAINT, FEATHERS, MUFTI, CIVVIES, PARTY SUIT, DINING-IN. [v: glad rags] [nb: when the Navy specifies a sidearm and cape ("boat cloak") with formal evening wear, officers wear swords and petty officers wear cutlasses; v: Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist and Surface Warfare Officer (aka: WATER WINGS)]
MESSENGER LINE :
a "throw line" or HEAVING LINE (qv) used to pass across a heavier LINE.
MESSHALL / MESS HALL :
see MESS, FIELD KITCHEN, GALLEY, CANTEEN, ANNEX.
MESS KIT :
5-pc mess kit
a two-piece oblong metal tray, designed so the latching handle can serve as a support for the reciprocal cover so as to make two dishes; used as either a fry pan or covered sauce pan, the MESS KIT was suitable for individual cooking of C-RATIONS. Any utensils stowed inside had to be padded to prevent rattling. Most MESS KITs were field DX, because it was much easier and cleaner to simply cook in the C-RATION can itself. The best substitute for a MESS KIT is an extra CANTEEN CUP (qv). See CHOPSTICK, SPOON, PARTISAN'S SECRET WEAPON, KFS, COVER, P-38. Also, a metaphor for personal space or private property, due to individual usage; hence, the admonition "Don't SHIT in your own MESS KIT!" is a military axiom equivalent to "don't foul your nest" and "not in my backyard". [nb: when served SLOP or WAD from a field kitchen, the MESS KIT was commonly called a "slop bucket" or "slop pail", as the CANTEEN CUP was called a "slop bowl" or "slop jar" for the dirty liquid filling it ... a direct comparison to "thunder mugs" and "chamber pots", "honey buckets" and "commodes"]
MESSMATE :
a person with whom one regularly takes meals, typically a COMRADE in the same unit, or a SHIPMATE who works in the same specialty. Since the Army and Marine Corps feed by units, and the Air Force and Navy feed by schedules (sometimes in 24-hour galleys), the interactions and associations during meals is often unique. See ASSHOLE BUDDY, BAND OF BROTHERS, BUDDY SYSTEM, TRADE ENVELOPES.
MESS TRAY :
mess tray
a subsectioned dining tray, sized about 12" X 16", made of stainless steel or thermoplastic in various colors, used only in cafeteria-style food service, such as aboard ships or in GARRISON; replaced by personal MESS KIT on BIVOUAC or in the field. Due to soldiers DXing their MESS KITs in Vietnam, whenever hot CHOW was brought to troops on operation in the field, the cooks included paper plates to accommodate those without containers; disposable Styrofoam plates and Lucite trays have also been used since the VIETNAM WAR to save on the bulk and cleanup of MESS TRAYs.
METAL TEST :
informal term for a gunshot trace residue detection process that was used on Viet Cong suspects (VCS); this exam will generate a "false positive" for anyone who works around metal, machinery, and petroleum, including mechanics and farmers, who constitute a substantial portion of the Vietnamese population and a vast majority of the Montagnard population.
MET MESSAGE / MET MSG :
meteorological message, a weather conditions report sent from a meteorological unit. See WEATHER EYE, MONSOON, STORM WARNING, WIND, ZERO-ZERO. [nb: due to axial tilt during earth's rotation, the hemispheric seasons are not the same length, with the southern summer / northern winter being the shortest season, and northern summer / southern winter being the longest]
METTT :
(met-tea) a mnemonic abbreviation for Mission, Enemy, Troops, Terrain, and Time available.
MEU :
Marine Expeditionary Unit, being the smallest expeditionary organization of USMC assets consisting of a Battalion Landing Team (BLT), a composite aviation squadron (SQDN), and a logistics support element.
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR :
Mexican War
Service Medal
after the death toll rose and border violations multiplied, including the execution of 18 American mining engineers on 10 January 1916 and a raid into Columbus NM on 9 March 1916 that left 17 civilians dead, Congress compelled Woodrow Wilson to abandon his policy of "watchful waiting" to intervene on 15 March 1916 in Mexico, which was beset by freebooters and insurgents; although dispatched with the consent of the Mexican government, the 15,000-man punitive expedition, headed by John Joseph Pershing, unsuccessfully sought revolutionaries (like Pancho Villa) and other bandits, but only exacerbated anti-American sentiments. Wilson stationed an additional 150,000-man border guard along the boundary, but by 24 November, a bilateral proposal (v: ABC POWERS) for withdrawal and joint border guarding had reached an impasse. Wilson abandoned the campaign on 5 February, and extended de jure recognition to Mexico's new constitutional government on 11 March 1917. [nb: Mexican Revolution (1914-19): 35 battle deaths]
MEXICAN STANDOFF :
a confrontation that neither side can win, or a situation that cannot be resolved without alteration or re-alignment; as an impasse or stalemate, at loggerheads or discontinuance, dead-end or standstill; see DEADLOCK, SIAMESE INSURANCE; compare FALL ON DEAF EARS, BRINKMANSHIP.
MEXICAN REVOLUTION :
see MEXICAN BORDER CAMPAIGN.
MEXICAN WAR :
under the direction of President James K. Polk and the tenets of Manifest Destiny, those western and southwestern lands that could not be negotiated for purchase from Mexico by the United States were forceably annexed by this war. Hostilities began on 25 April 1846 over a border incident, so the U.S. declared war against Mexico on 13 May 1846, with several battles until the 24 August 1847 armistice, and the cessation of hostilities on 14 September 1847. About 13,000 U.S. troops died in the MEXICAN WAR, with only 1700 killed in actual combat; while Mexican losses are estimated at 25,000 dead. The 2 February 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ceded 40% of Mexican territory (including California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming), for which a $15million indemnity was paid. The MEXICAN WAR was fought over territorial borders, but it also served as a precursor of the lifestyle dispute over sovereign autonomy and religious expression later decided by the American CIVIL WAR. [nb: the MEXICAN WAR should not be confused with the 1835-6 Texas Revolution, culminating in the defeat of Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto, where the "Remember the Alamo!" motto (attributed to Colonel Sidney Sherman, 21 April 1836) became a BATTLE CRY; however, among the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was the establishment of the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo) border and the possession of Texas (annexed 29 December 1845) by the United States] [nb: Winfield Scott commanded the first amphibious landing of an invading army (12,000 troops), supported by a naval task force under David Conner and Matthew Perry, in March 1847 at Veracruz during the MEXICAN WAR] [nb: Mexican-American War (1846-48): 79,000 served; 1,733-13,283 battle deaths] [nb: the MEXICAN WAR changed American smoking habits, from a preference for pipes (typically clay) to cigars and cigarettes]
MEZ :
see MIKE FORCE, MAIN FORCE.
MFD :
Multi-Function Display, being an interactive computer monitor in the COCKPIT of an aircraft that depicts, in text or graphics, one or more flight, weapons, or surveillance functions, with options and checklists; the Super Multi-Function Display (SMFD) substitutes graphical icons for alphanumerics. The MFD has superseded the instrument panel with its analog readouts. See HUD, VD, PLASTIC BRAINS, SHARON, SIGHT PICTURE, PRIMROSE PATH, HOTAS.
MFF :
Army MFF
Military Free Fall vertical deployment; see FREE-FALL, AMFFPC, HARP, VWT, HAHO, HALO, LALO, JUMPMASTER, GABRIEL, AIRBORNE, PARACHUTE, JSD. [v: Parachuting Terms , and Parachuting History ]
MFF SIMULATOR :
Military Free-Fall Simulator; also known as the Vertical Wind Tower (VWT), and located at Ft. Bragg NC, this training facility was designed by SGM Santos Alfredo Matos Jr. to enable students to practice body positions and other skydiving techniques in a controlled environment. See AMFFPC, HARP, HAHO, HALO, LALO, FREE-FALL.
M-4 CARBINE :
the XM-177E2 / CAR-15 "Shorty-16" rifle, and the USAF Colt "Commando" Automatic Rifle, which later became the M-4 "Scout" carbine; compare M-6 "Scout" ASW.
M-14 RIFLE :
a gas-operated, air-cooled, shoulder-fired semi-automatic weapon chambered for 7.62mm NATO ammunition fed from a twenty round magazine (MAG), weighing about 14# when loaded, with a maximum effective range of 460m; like the M-1 GARAND (which it replaced), it is FIELD STRIPped for cleaning into three major components: the barrel and bolt group, the receiver and trigger group, and the stock and sling group. Adopted during the KOREAN WAR, it was displaced by the 5.56mm M-16 BLACK MAGIC early in the VIETNAM WAR, but was selectively re-introduced with a composite stock during OEF and OIF in the GULF WAR. See RIFLE. [nb: the plastic-housed version of the M-14A2 evolved into the Stoner AR-15]
MFR :
(em-eff-ar) abbreviation for Memorandum For the Record, being a formal date-stamped and signed objection, disagreement, or protest that's filed for the sake of accountability during any official review or investigation that may occur after the fact; such an exception by a subordinate will have repercussions, whether warranted or not. Compare MEMCON, MR; see TICKLER, SNOWFLAKE, RBI, PAPER BULLET, FORM, RAPPORTEUR, WHITE PAPER, REPORT, ANNEX, RED TAPE, 90-PAGE WONDER, FILE 13, CYA, PING-PONG, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT.
MG :
M-1919
MachineGun; being a magazine or belt fed fully automatic (continuous firing) weapon of various RIFLE calibers [nb: an MG fires RIFLE ammunition, but an SMG fires PISTOL ammunition] M-60: American-made 7.62mm (.308 cal) machinegun. aka: PIG, NUMBER SIXTY; design inspired by WWII German MG-42. M-1919 .30cal (water- / air- cooled) machinegun. M-240G 7.62mm medium mg 24lb M-2 .50cal mg (tripod / pedestal) blowback recoil opn 84lb c1919 See HEAVY MG, FIFTY, MA DEUCE, QUAD 50, COOK-OFF, COAX, LINK AMMO, MAGAZINE, DRUM, PINTLE, RAMROD, MUZZLE, MUZZLE-BRAKE, FLASH SUPPRESSOR, SILENCER, KICK, FIREPOWER, SPONSON, LMG, SAW, MINIGUN, FPL, SPRAY, HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, MOAN 'n' GROAN, MAD MINUTE, LOADER, DOOR GUNNER, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS; compare CAR, BAR, RIFLE, SMG, PISTOL, BLOOPER, STONER, UP-GUN. [nb: the first "machinegun" was a magazine-fed crossbow, repeating @200-bolts/15-seconds, with effective range of 80-180 yds, and able to penetrate two layers of body armor, as used by Chinese during AD 11th-12th century. The Gatling Gun, also called the "coffee grinder" due to its crank operation, which was introduced during the American CIVIL WAR, was developed as "a weapon too terrible to be used", in hopes that it would make war too violent to be practiced.] [v: Firearms Glossary ] [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MG / MAJ GEN :
abbreviation for Major General (O-8); see RANK, RATING, LDR, FLAG OFFICER.
MGF :
Mobile Guerrilla Force; also called MIKE FORCE or STRIKERS. See MSF, CSF, SF, BLACKJACK; compare UNPFK.
MGL :
M-32 MGL
Multiple-shot Grenade Launcher (M-32), being adopted in 2006 for infantry operations to supersede all versions of the single-shot 40mm grenade launcher. The prototype Milkor MGL-140, a shoulder fired six-shot revolver, is a modification of their earlier Milkor Mk-1S (stainless-steel) / Mk-1L (long-range) series MGL that was further adapted to MIL-SPEC after preliminary field testing. Barrel rifling is progressive, with a minimum safe arming distance of 98 feet. The M32 has a maximum range against area targets of 400m, and an effective range against point targets of 150m, and this new MGL configuration allows the grenadier to accurately place all six (6) 40mm rounds onto a target in under three (3) seconds. Aiming is accomplished through a parallax-free electro-optical night vision compatible holographic sight that can be adjusted to compensate for long-range shooting. The M32 foregrip is equipped with a MILSTD-1913 quad rail system to accommodate currently issued weapon accessories, such as grips, laser illuminators/designators, and flashlights. The MGL shoots the full array of special-purpose high- and low-velocity 40mm munitions, including the new DRACO (Direct Range Air Consuming Ordnance) thermobaric round, the high-explosive / breaching ("Hellhound") round, and the improved less-than-lethal (M433I) Low-Velocity crowd control round developed by Martin Electronics. See BLOOPER, THUMPER, OVER 'n' UNDER, DOVER DOG, BOFORS, DUSTER, compare SHOTGUN, GYROJET, FRAG, GRENADE, RPG.
MGRS :
Military Grid Reference System, being a standardized scale that's superimposed upon a TOPO map projection of the earth's surface for the accurate and consistent position of locations, or the computation of direction and distance between locations; this LAT-LONG overlay is an extension of Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and is also known as "military grid", "grid", and GRID LINES.
MI :
Military Intelligence
Military Intelligence ... the classic oxymoron; their unofficial motto is "we bet YOUR life". See CIC, DLI, MIS, FLAPS 'n' SEALS, IR, PIR, CCIR, JIC, NIC, NIE, SNIE, PSYOPS, RUSE DE GUERRE, PSYWAR, ASA, CODE, COMICS, CHATTER, DECEPTION, SQUEEZE, GATOR, SWEAT, SLURPER, CONTROLLED INFORMATION, NEED TO KNOW, RUMOR, PROPAGANDA, INTEL. [nb: more tactical advantages have been acquired, and more battle casualties spared by good military intelligence than all the heroism on all the battlefields! ... INTEL isn't glamorous or dramatic, and proper implementation takes skill and courage, but MI is a vital component in winning wars, perhaps the most vital] [nb: the watchword of MI is not "It's better to know something than nothing." but rather is "It's better to know a little more than to be suspected of knowing too much."; "Intelligence is pseudoscience, like astrology; sometimes the outcome seems to prove that your methods and techniques are infallible ... other times, it proves the exact opposite." by Olen Steinhauer (2014)]
MIA :
Missing In Action; military personnel who are not known if alive or dead in a battle situation. See CIL, JPAC, RECOVERY, MEMORIAL DAY, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, POW-MIA DAY, POW-MIA BRACELET. [nb: approximately 78,000 servicemembers remain missing from WWII, 8100 from the Korean War, 1800 from the Vietnam War, and 120 from the Cold War] [nb: the first war memorial dedicated to the "unknown soldier" was proposed by British author J. Rudyard Kipling, who's son died in combat]
MIAO :
a member of a diverse tribal group of seminomadic farming peoples of the mountains of southeastern China and the adjacent areas of northern Vietnam, northern Thailand, and Laos; these peoples are also called "Hmong" or "Meo" [a disparaging referent (barbarian) that's sometimes used by Laotians and Vietnamese]. Like the MONTAGNARDs, these INDIGenous people served as STRIKERs in the Royal Laotian Army (RLA) and with American ADVISORs in special projects. Also, the Miao-Yao language spoken in parts of southern China and southeast Asia.
MIC :
MICrophone, as for RADIO transmission; see HOT MIC, BREAK SQUELCH, PTT, CROSS-TALK, NOISE.
MICKEY MOUSE :
anything insignificant or inconsequential that's given import or portent; something petty, niggling, trivial, or picayune; being a denigrating term applied to unrealistic training or to "make work" duties which waste resources and diminish morale; compare CHICKEN SHIT, SPEEDING TICKET, BOONDOGGLE, SKATE, SLACKER, REST ON OARS, SEAT OF THE PANTS, TAP-DANCER, BLOW SMOKE, FUCK-UP, FUCKED-UP, CLUSTER FUCK, WTFO, SOL, BOHICA. Also, an anthropomorphized cartoon character created by Walt Disney, characterized by white gloves, red shorts, and oversized shoes, it debuted in the 1928 animated short "Steamboat Willie", the 1940 feature "Fantasia", and dozens of other films; MICKEY MOUSE (originally conceived as "Mortimer") has a girlfriend ("Minnie"), a dog ("Pluto"), and symbolizes Disney productions, including the "Mickey Mouse Club" (c1955); compare TUNNEL RAT. [nb: the Disney Studio designed and executed (at no charge) scores of unofficial insignia during WWII, which contributed immeasurably to troop morale]
MICKEY MOUSE BATTLESHIP :
slang designation for a motor launch that was lightly armored and fitted with three .50cal machineguns (MG) as an improvised patrol vessel in the Pacific at the beginning of WWII; see PT BOAT, PBL, GUNBOAT, SKIMMER, BOAT.
MICKEY MOUSE BOOTS :
waterproof and insulated rubber boots, with traction sole and ventilation ports, worn over regular issue combat boots for protection in severe winter conditions; these are the military version of insulated overshoes or galoshes, so-called do to their exaggerated appearance. MICKEY MOUSE BOOTS, which were colored white for arctic camouflage, and were designed to readily fit onto cross-country (Nordic) skis, actually worked too well; causing the feet of an active soldier to overheat, and risk frostbite when the perspiration froze. This boot was developed after the experiences of WWII and Korea, when the military issued "shoepacs" as winter boots ... 'shoepacs' (or "shoepacks"), often called "pacs", were heavy waterproofed boots imitative of "double insole" moccasins originating with the Delaware Indians. Compare BUNNY BOOTS, see FOOTWEAR. [cf: mukluk, a high soft boot of sealskin or deerhide, usually double-soled and fur-lined, originally worn by Eskimos; also spelled "mucluc" or "muckluck", as derived from 'bearded seal' ("maklak"), misapplied to sealskin boots]
MICROAGGRESSION :
the expression of subtle forms of discrimination or bias; a form of socially acceptable hostility directed toward anyone representing the thoughts or ideas, observations or experiences, impressions or sensations that differ from those that are currently popular, conventional, or normative. See CONFLICT, LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT, THE LESSER OF EVILS, STRUGGLE, PLAY THE GAME, FLOWER WAR, COCKTAIL WARS.
MICROMANAGEMENT :
to manage or control with excessive attention to minor details; to direct people or procedures with unnecessary guidance; a person exhibits such compensatory behavior as an obsessive/compulsive adjustment to his powerlessness in larger affairs, whether consciously or subconsciously recognizing his impotence, so that his manifest preoccupation with minutia will grant him the impression of, if not actually bestow or restore, some level of reinforcing control over the conduct or disposition of events affecting his life, because he either lacks the strength of character to accept uncertainty, or is too psychicly frail to trust anyone else's judgment and competence. See WIGGLE ROOM, OFF THE RESERVATION, OUTSIDE THE WIRE, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, VFR DIRECT, UNODIR, SCRIPTURES, READ-BACK, PARTY LINE, EYE-CHECK, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, CASTRATION ANXIETY, REASSURANCE, MILICRAT, BRASS EAR, PINS IN THE MAP SYNDROME, HANDLER, BRIEF-BACK, COMPARTMENTALIZATION, HEADQUARTERISM, COMMAND RATIO, LOYALTY UP - LOYALTY DOWN, COMBAT EFFECTIVE, DON'T DO NOTHING, DON'T SWEAT THE SMALL STUFF, NO EXCUSE, ZERO TOLERANCE, OVERSIGHT; compare BIG PICTURE. [v: in loco parentis] [nb: a good leader cultivates competence; real life always transcends the rule book; "Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity." by George S. Patton Jr]
MID :
Military Intelligence Detachment; see MI, DET.
MIDDIE :
diminutive of midshipman, a student at the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA) in Annapolis, MD; also known as CRAB or SQUID; see CADET, COASTIES, SNOTTY, DOGSBODY, MISTER, GOAT, TRADE SCHOOL.
MIDDLE DISTANCE :
see THOUSAND-YARD STARE.
MIDDLE EAST :
the Mid-East / Near East operational area, including Afghanistan, Turkey, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the other countries of the Arabian peninsula (formerly extending to India, Burma and Tibet); see SANDBOX, FIVE SEAS.
MIDNIGHT REQUISITION :
misappropriation of government property, also called "midnight redistribution" and "moonlight requisition"; distinguished from "theft" (peculation) in that the goods are used for unit operations, and are not for personal enrichment or BLACK MARKET profit. Under-supplied GRUNTs with field skills regarded stealing from REMFs as "good practice" for enemy action. Compare SCROUNGE; see REDNECK CREDIT CARD. [v: "a nigger in the woodpile"]
MIDNIGHT SUN :
also known as WHITE NIGHT; see TIME.
MIDRATS :
in NavSpeak, a contraction of MIDnight RATionS, being a snack (typically composed of leftovers) that's prepared for the watchstanders who are coming on duty at midnight, but the remnants are often shared with the watchstanders of the departing section.
MIDWATCH :
the night shift, usually extending from midnight until dawn; also called "middle watch", and known as "sunrise watch", "graveyard shift", or "graveyard watch". In the Navy, this is the midnight to 0400 DUTY shift, which is also known as "00 to 4" or "balls to four". Compare DOGWATCH; see WATCH, TIME, O-DARK-THIRTY, WHITE NIGHT. [nb: people who work at night and sleep during the day tend to have a more negative or pessimistic attitude, to be more emotionally or mentally depressed, are more prone to becoming physically unfit, and are more susceptible to illness or disease than are daytime coworkers]
MIGHT MAKES RIGHT :
a catch-phrase denoting REALPOLITIK, and as ancient a concept as WAR itself, wherein force or power reigns; also represented as "might is right". Ideationally, it first appears in Hesiod's parable of Homer and the Hawk (vae victis), then in Thucydides' representation of The Melian Dialogue (the strong do what they can, the weak suffer what they must) during the Peloponnesian War. Furthermore, this phrase also connotes the rationale for whatever sociopolitical system that happens to dominate society, be it moral authority, religious zeal, legalistic conviction, genetic superiority, democratic plurality, or any other imperative. Prescriptively, the strongest or most dominant element always determines social policy, and therefore cultural norms, in the same way that the victors write the history ... whatever level of proscriptive control or punitive restraint is exercised over divergence or dissent is also a function of that same governance. History has shown that every such system, from ethnarchy and oligarchy to theocracy and gerontocracy, from plutocracy and stratocracy to timocracy and ochlocracy, inevitably becomes corrupt and oppressive, necessitating a change when itself also becomes dysfunctional and self-defeating. The latest iteration of "the will to power" (Nietzsche) is egalitarian technocracy, a pseudo-scientific social Darwinism, that only manifests humanity's obsession with self-delusion. [nb: "But now, instead of discussion and argument, brute force rises up to the rescue of discomfited error, and crushes truth and right into the dust. Might makes right, and hoary folly totters on in her mad career escorted by armies and navies." by Adin Ballou; "Where might is, the right is: / Long purses make strong swords. / Let weakness learn meekness: / God save the House of Lords!" by A.C. Swinburne; "Let us have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let us to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it." by Abraham Lincoln; "Soldiers have many faults, but they have one redeeming merit; they are never worshippers of force. Soldiers more than any other men are taught severely and systematically that might is not right. The fact is obvious. The might is in the hundred men who obey. The right (or what is held to be right) is in the one man who commands them." by G.K. Chesterton; "People believe whatever they want to believe. The sad truth is that being right has never changed anything. Because truth always requires substantiation or enforcement, convention is as good as conviction, plurality is as good as reality, and might is as good as right." anonymous] [nb: "The King's Final Argument" is a phrase that was routinely incised into European cannon barrels from the Renaissance until World War I; typically inscribed in Latin ("Ultima Ratio Regis"; "Utema Rasio Regum"), it means that the greatest weaponry ultimately settles any dispute]
MIGHTY MITE :
a high-powered blower used to force smoke or tear gas (CS) into BUNKER systems and tunnel complexes; sometimes called "mighty mike". See SMOKY BEAR, POP SMOKE.
MIHN OI :
sweetheart in Vietnamese; compare CO, SHACK-JOB, SLEEPING DICTIONARY, CAMPAIGN WIFE, SHORT-TIME, BUTTERFLY.
MIJI :
(mee-gee) acronym for Meaconing, Interference, Jamming, Intrusion, or for Messaging, Interference, Jamming, Intrusion; see MEACONING, TRICK, RUSE DE GUERRE, MUSIC, NOISE, ECM, DECEPTION.
MIKE :
the phonetic letter "M", representing minute (eg: "one-five mikes" = 15 minutes), meter (eg: "two-hundred mikes" = 200 meters), or millimeter (eg: "twenty mike-mike" = 20mm). Also, the word assigned to represent the letter "M" in the international phonetic alphabet; see ALPHABET SOUP, PHONETIC ALPHABET. [v: Alphabet Codes & Signal Flags ]
MIKE-MIKE :
phonetic representation of MAD MINUTE; also of millimeter (@0.001m or 0.03937").
MIKE FORCE :
Mike Force
Mike Force Command
either Mobile Strike Force (MSF) or Mobile Guerrilla Force (MGF), also called STRIKERS; composed of INDIGenous personnel trained as airborne infantry with Special Forces ADVISORs, and used as a reaction force or special mission unit. Headquarters under MIKE FORCE Command (MFC), DET B-55, 5th SFGA. See CSF, BLACKJACK, NECK SCARF; compare GCMA, UNPFK. [nb: not to be confused with RVN's Civillian Defense Force ("Nhan Dan Tu Ve") which was only a part-time MILITIA]
MIL :
abbreviation for MILitary or MILitia (qv). Also, a measurement equal to the angle subtended by 1/6400 of a circumference, or a one-thousandth degree, as derived from Latin "millesimus"; see AZIMUTH, BEARING, COMPASS, HEADING. [nb: the 4 cardinal points are subtended by 32 compass points, which are equivalent to 360 degrees or 6400 mils; as a rule of thumb: 1 mil subtends 1 meter at 1 kilometer] Also, a unit of length equal to 0.001 of an inch (0.0254 mm), or a one-thousandth inch; see PEEPERS, ZERO.
MIL-CRAFT :
expert
any vessel, vehicle, or craft, especially aircraft, meeting military specifications. Also, slang for the body of knowledge and skills necessary to perform in military situations; a talent or forte, knack or bent, and also known as "repertoire" or "skill-set", as derived by analogy to TRADECRAFT, priestcraft, kingcraft, statecraft, stagecraft, campcraft, woodcraft, fieldcraft, etc. See MOS, PMOS, BILLET, BERTH, POI, KISS, TRNG, PRESTRESS, OJT, Q-COURSE, BOLO BADGE, TRASH, OBSTACLE COURSE, CONFIDENCE COURSE, COUNTERINTUITIVE, CROSS-TRAINING, TICKET, RATING, PRO PAY, 3 R's, MIL-SPEAK, TICKET-PUNCHER, SCRAP METAL COLLECTOR.
MILE :
a unit of distance measured on land in English-speaking countries that's equal to 5280 feet, 1760 yards, or 1.609 kilometers; abbreviated 'mi', and formally known as "statute mile"; as derived from Latin (milia passuum) for "a thousand paces". Also, any of various other units of distance at different periods and in different countries, such as Roman mile (approximately 1620 yards or 1480 meters), geographical mile (a minute of longitude on the equator). Compare MIL, NAUTICAL MILE, KNOT, KLICK; see RANGER BEADS.
MILES :
Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System, being a casualty scoring method for use in WAR GAMES and other modern combat simulations. Compare SIM-AMMO, BLANK; see AMMO.
MILICRAT :
contraction of MILItary bureauCRAT, being a military manager who thinks that the Armed Forces [later: Uniformed Services] should operate like a corporation; also known as "gutless wonder" for unwillingness to take risks, and as "ladder monkey" for ambition for promotion by imitation; this "stuffed-shirt" or EMPTY SUIT is sometimes known as "buroid" as a contraction of bureaucratic android, or "militute" as a contraction of military prostitute. See HOMESTEADER, LIFER, OLD BREED, TICKET-PUNCHER, RING-KNOCKER, KHAKI MAFIA, FOLLOW THE DRUM, FAST TRACK, UP OR OUT, MIL-PERS, FLATHEAD, WONK, HONCHO, GADGET, ACTING JACK, BREVET, OFFICER, BRASS HAT, RHIP, SWINE LOG, MIL-SPEC, MIL-SPEAK, BRASS EAR, PARTY LINE, SCRIPTURES, HEADQUARTERISM, WIGGLE ROOM, TAP-DANCER, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, WANGLE, CYA, DODGE THE BULLET, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT, HIC, PYHOOYA, SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS, BLOW SMOKE, HOT AIR, SNOW, PING-PONG, SNOWFLAKE, CONFETTI, ORIFICE, RED TAPE, PAPER BULLET, FORM, REPORT, WHITE PAPER, PM, ZD, NO EXCUSE, VULCANIZE, BOOTSTRAP, PROFESSOR, THE UNHOLY TRINITY, RAINMAKER, WALLAH, SANTA CLAUS, BEAN-COUNTER, ACETATE COMMANDO, CHAIRBORNE, CHAIR FORCE, RHIP, BROWN NOSER, DOG ROBBER, DOGSBODY, PUKE, DELEGATOR, DRONE, AIDE, RAPPORTEUR, STAFF, TASK SATURATION, LOYALTY UP - LOYALTY DOWN, OVERSIGHT, ROUGHSHOD, DOUBLE-DIP. [cf: apparatchik, nomenklatura, eunuch, nabob, nibs; placeholder, chair warmer, time-server, coffee-cooler; checkbook gardener, gentleman farmer, patron of the arts, white knight, fairy godmother, benefactor; meritocrat, technocrat, bureaucrat, theocrat] [nb: "Algerism", an eponym for the politico who was probably the worst Secretary of War in American history, became the national byword for bureaucratic sloath, cronyism, and incompetence, becoming a synonym for venality and ineptitude; after Russell A. Alger, attorney and capitalist, Michigan governor and U.S. Senator, CIVIL WAR Major General and Spanish American War Secretary of War] [nb: every MILICRAT knows that the most dangerous people in the military are not HEROes, but are disgruntled MIL-PERS who are frustrated by MICKEY MOUSE and CHICKEN SHIT, by SNOW and RED TAPE, and having been passed over twice for promotion, are serving their terminal assignment, and because they are honorable men who have not STACKed ARMS, they know that there is nothing that the TICKET-PUNCHERs and RING-KNOCKERs of the KHAKI MAFIA can do to them!]
MILITARISM :
a national policy of maintaining a large military establishment; a policy advocating a strong military. Also, a principle that regards military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state, subordinating all other interests to those of the military.
MILITARIZE / MILITARIZATION :
to equip with armed forces, military supplies, or the like. Also, to imbue with MILITARISM; to make military.
MILITARY :
pertaining to the ARMED FORCES, or "the military establishment", especially when distinguishing the army from the navy; often abbreviated MIL (qv). Also, pertaining to or characteristic of a soldier, the BEARING or DUTY of a MIL-PERS; as derived from MILE (qv). Also, pertaining to WAR or COMBAT.
MILITARY ACADEMY :
a school organized in a manner somewhat resembling the procedures of military life; also known as a "military school". Also, a school that trains prospective officers for military careers, usually as part of a college education; see TRADE SCHOOL. [v: Siwash ("At Good Old Siwash" by George Helgeson Fitch (1911)] [v: kriegsakademie, kriegsschule] [v: "What happens in school stays in school!"] [v: West Point slang ; Military Schools ]
MILITARY ATTACHÉ :
see ATTACHÉ.
MILITARY BRUSH :
one of a pair of matched hairbrushes without handles, which men use in personal grooming; a component of a gentleman's DOPP KIT or DITTY BAG.
MILITARY BUREAUCRAT :
see MILICRAT.
MILITARY CREST :
the distance below the top of a hill or ridge, which varies depending upon the terrain, where personnel or vehicles can move without being silhouetted, and from which the other side can be observed. Sometimes called "shoulder", as distinct from the brink, brim, or brow. See SKYLINE, REVERSE SLOPE. [v: Climbing Terms ]
MILITARY CURRENCY :
a form of 'fiat money' (scrip) that is issued by competent authority as the sole type of LEGAL TENDER circulated for the exchange of goods and services during a specified period, including "invasion currency" and "occupation currency". See MPC, FUNNY MONEY, CANDY, JUICE, THE EAGLE SHITS; compare BAD PAPER, SPIRIT MONEY. [nb: "banana notes", so-called due to the banana tree depicted on its face, were issued by Imperial Japan in countries occupied as part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]
MILITARY DANCES :
the oldest of all dances (eg: Corybantic dances), executed with swords, javelins, and bucklers; and said to have been invented by Minerva to celebrate the victory of the gods over the Titans [in Greek mythology, any of a race of gods (the children of Uranus and Gaea), who lost their supremacy over the world after a great battle with the Olympian gods]. See MORRIS DANCE, WITH BELLS ON, COUNT COUP.
MILITARY FREE-FALL :
see VWT.
MILITARY GRID :
two sets of parallel lines that intersect at right angles so as to form standard-scaled squares, which are superimposed on maps, charts, and other similar representations of the surface of the earth in an accurate and consistent manner, permitting ground locations to be identified, compared, and differentiated as to calculated direction and computed distance; also called 'graticule' or GRID LINES, and forming the basis of the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS).
MILITARY GOVERNMENT :
the administrative rule under MARTIAL LAW of defeated peoples in an OCCUPIED TERRITORY by the military commander of a conquering nation; the practices of MILITARY GOVERNMENT were standardized before WWI at the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907, and form a part of the LAWS OF WAR. See MILITARY GOVERNOR, CONSTABULARY, GARRISON STATE. [nb: Nazi Germany administered occupied countries (such as France, Belgium, Norway, Greece, and Serbia) through a hierarchy of military government headquarters (Kommandaturen); Allied Military Government (AMG) began to function (in Sicily and Italy) in 1943, then was incorporated into the MARSHALL PLAN through CIVIL AFFAIRS AGREEMENTs, which occupations were ended by treaty with Japan in 1951 and Germany in 1955; a new convention covering military occupation was signed in Geneva in 1949]
MILITARY GOVERNOR :
the military commander of a conquering nation who administers MARTIAL LAW for the rule of defeated peoples in an OCCUPIED TERRITORY; the military officer in command of a MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
MILITARY GRADE :
an informal referent that implies a certain level of toughness or ruggedness, durability or reliability; an unofficial qualifier that is supposed to signify "battle-worthiness"; see MIL-SPEC, SNUFF, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK. [nb: "A brontosaurus is a salamander designed to Mil-Spec."] [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX :
the network of a nation's military force together with all of the industries that support it; the collective influence of the Armed Forces, the industries that supply them, and the government entities that regulate them; from a 1961 precautionary speech by Dwight David Eisenhower. See BELTWAY CLERK, SAND CRAB, BELTWAY BANDIT, PORK BARREL, POLITICAL ENGINEERING, YANKEE, UNCLE SAM, SOG, THE ESTABLISHMENT, THE G, POLITICIAN, ACT OF CONGRESS, THE HILL, FOGGY BOTTOM. [nb: "Over grown military establishments are, under any form of government, inauspicious to liberty, and are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty." by George Washington; "In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist." by Dwight D. Eisenhower]
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE :
see MI, INTEL.
MILITARY LAW :
the body of laws relating to the governance of the Armed Forces; the system of rules and regulations that have been established for the control and discipline of military personnel, or any other persons under the jurisdiction of the military, which are administered by military officers or their representative subordinates. See PUNITIVE ARTICLES, ORDER, SOFA, OFFICE HOURS, CAPTAIN'S MAST, ROCKS 'n' SHOALS, UCMJ, MCM, COURT MARTIAL, MARTIAL LAW, MILITARY GOVERNMENT, LAWS OF WAR.
MILITARY MARCH :
a brisk MARCH, especially a rousing one that's suitable for a military procession or pageant; see PARADE, PASS IN REVIEW, NATIONAL MARCH.
MILITARY MIND :
common expression for the professional mind-set that unemotionally evaluates every issue affecting the accomplishment of a crucial mission; a reasonable or rational mind, a trained or mastermind, as "There's no doubt in my military mind that ....". See THE PLAN, COURSE OF ACTION, CAPABILITY, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, FIELD EXPEDIENT, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, EYE-CHECK, HOUSE OF CARDS, RAIN ON PARADE, CONFUSION, SEAT OF THE PANTS, HELMET FIRE, FLAK, STATIC, NOISE, CONFETTI, SNOW, MIND CANDY, HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, BOX HEAD, WHITE ELEPHANT, DANCE CARD, ELEPHANT DANCE, ABSTRACTION, BOYDLOOP, OODALOOP, LAW OF AVERAGES, GAMBLER'S FALLACY, UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, PRINCIPLE OF LEAST FORCE, LEAST RESISTANCE, LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS, LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, LORENTZ CONTRACTION, LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION, PARADIGM SHIFT, OUTSIDE THE BOX.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE COOTIES :
conceived as a "fun and honor society" for the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the USA (VFW) in late 1919 by several members of the Imperial Order of the Dragon (IOD), a higher degree of the United Spanish-American War Veterans (USAWV), it was first opened for membership on 17 September 1920, and made part of the VFW on 24 September 1921. Utilizing a secret three-degree initiation ritual, members are inducted into Pup Tents under the leadership of the Supreme Seam Squirrel, and are kept informed by the Supreme Scratch in a newsletter entitled "Cootie Tickle". See BOY'S CLUB, VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, COOTIE, GRAYBACK, CRAB, COMFORT STATION.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE DEVIL DOGS :
conceived as a "fun and honor society" for members of the Marine Corps League in 1937, with applicant Pups sponsored by two Pedigreed Devil Dogs and interviewed at a Pound Growl; if accepted, the inductee undergoes an initiation ritual. Members wear dog tags on a ribbon (black = Pup, red = Devil Dog, gold = Pedigreed Devil Dog) around their neck, and are organized in Pounds (under a Poundkeeper), Packs (under a Pack Leader), and a Kennel (under the Chief Devil Dog). The Military Order of the Devil Dogs promotes good fellowship among League detachments, and is active in fund-raising for children's hospitals and charities. The name ["teufelhunden"] derives from the Imperial German characterization of the courage and tenacity of the American Marines at the 1918 Battle of Belleau Wood. See BOY'S CLUB, VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, BULLDOG, SNUFFY, LEATHERNECK, MARINE, USMC.
MILITARY ORDER OF THE PURPLE HEART :
a Congressionally chartered association of veterans who have been wounded in action (WIA) and earned at least one Purple Heart (PH) medal; this organization employs service officers to counsel and represent veterans in pension claims with the Veterans Administration (USDVA); see VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, MILLION DOLLAR WOUND, BROKEN-WING SYNDROME, PROFILE, LINE OF DUTY, WHOLE MAN, PAY DUES, PROFESSIONAL VETERAN.
MILITARY PACE :
a single step or stride that's used to coordinate the marching of soldiers in formation, being a distance equal to thirty inches (30"/76cm) for quick time, and three feet (36"/91cm) for double time; see DRILL, THE BIBLE, CADENCE, BY THE NUMBERS.
MILITARY PENTATHLON :
see PENTATHLON.
MILITARY POLICE :
servicemembers who perform regulatory and investigative police duties within the military, especially soldiers in the Army; compare SP, SHORE PATROL, MASTER-AT-ARMS; see MP, AP, POLICE.
MILITARY PRESS :
a sharp horizontal crease at the yoke, with bisecting vertical creases descending, ironed into a military dress shirt or BLOUSE, now only worn by performance drill teams; called "military creases" by Marines, they were sometimes sewn-in for an even more dramatic effect; see CHROME-DOME, SAM BROWNE BELT, MILITARY TUCK, TOY SOLDIER, ASU, DRESS. Also, a physical training exercise for increasing upper-body strength; see PT. [nb: this phrase does not refer to RUMOR, PARTY LINE, PROPAGANDA, or publications, such as YANK or STARS AND STRIPES]
MILITARY SCHOOL :
see MILITARY ACADEMY, TRADE SCHOOL.
MILITARY SCIENCE :
an academic classification for the disciplined course of study on the causative factors and tactical principles of warfare that's undertaken as preparation for military service; a misnomer for military arts and their practices; see DRILL, BY THE BOOK, BY THE NUMBERS, SCHOOL SOLUTION, PRIMROSE PATH, PARTY LINE, CHECKING THE DICTIONARY, HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, BRASS EAR, BOX HEAD, MILITARY MIND, TOE THE LINE, ROUTINE, SCRIPTURES. [cf: social science, political science, library science, information science, computer science, domestic science, etc]
MILITARY TAN :
the pattern of tanned skin obtained by outdoorsmen (eg: soldiers, foresters, farmers, etc) who are compelled to wear uniforms or protective clothing; being a sun-tan only on the face, neck, throat, forearms, and hands, leaving the rest of the body untanned. This tan pattern becomes amusingly obvious when the individual changes attire, or is naked. Compare TOC TAN, SAFE HOUSE TAN. [nb: a civilian version of this phenomenon is the "slam tan", which is produced by extended outdoor exposure while wearing protective gear, such as pads for the knees, elbows, and wrists, while engaged in various extreme sports activities]
MILITARY TUCK :
the tightly folded side seams of the uniform shirt that are held in place by properly aligned and buckled trousers, which presents a smooth taut appearance, because military clothing sizes are only approximate at best. The MILITARY TUCK is performed on all uniforms for a good appearance, but tailoring should only be performed on dress uniforms due to diminished range of motion. See GIG LINE, MILITARY PRESS, SAM BROWNE BELT, SPIT 'n' POLISH, CHROME-DOME, TOY SOLDIER.
MILITIA :
that venerable body of "citizen soldiers" (including sailors and airmen) who are enrolled for military service, called out periodically for drill, but serving full time only during war and in declared emergencies; the National Guard or reserve component, as distinguished from a "standing army" of professional soldiers. A "cornstalk" or "broomstick" MILITIA is one without weapons, using simulated arms for drill and training, but otherwise acting as a deterrent by its mere existence or presence. An early prototype was the national militia developed by Philip of Macedon; however, the modern concept of the militia as a defensive organization against invaders grew out of the Anglo-Saxon fyrd, wherein civilians served in times of crisis and then returned to their occupations when the emergency was over. Militias continued through the Middle Ages, declining after the rise of large standing armies, but persist as a philosophical alternative ("citizen soldier") to military careerists (MILICRAT); they're also known as the "territorial reserve" or "special reserve". Also, in the broadest sense, all able-bodied males eligible by law for military service. See WEEKEND WARRIOR, MINUTEMAN, PARAMILITARY, STRIKER, MUSTER DAY, TRAINBAND, DRAFT, DRAFTEE, THE RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS. [cf: fyrd, landsturm; v: pandour] [nb: during WWII, the term "militiaitis" was coined by USMC MG Holland "Howling Mad" Smith to summarize the contemptible condition of reserve units composed of incompetent socialites with obsolete skills, that were oriented toward style over substance and reputation over mission, which needed almost as much (re-)training and (re-)organization as brand new units]
MILITIAMAN / MILITIAMEN :
a person serving in the MILITIA.
MILK RUN :
any ordinary event or routine procedure, especially a safe or secure undertaking in an area otherwise designated as 'hostile' or 'hazardous'; see NO SWEAT, LAUGH A MINUTE, PIECE OF CAKE, WALK IN THE PARK, CAKEWALK, DUCK SOUP, BLUE BALL, ASH 'n' TRASH.
MILLION DOLLAR WOUND :
any combat injury severe enough for medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) but not permanently disfiguring or totally disabling; a means to obtain convalescent LEAVE for recovery, which is why this wound was also called a "hometowner". This wound often elicits a temporary PROFILE for a "light duty" reassignment. The wartime rule for anyone who's earned three PURPLE HEARTs prohibits reassignment to a combat role, but serious professionals subvert this dictum. See LINE OF DUTY, GI BILL, WIA, GSW-TTH, TBI, PINK, PH, DUSTOFF, MEDEVAC, PTSD, CONVERSION SYMPTOMS, PROFILE, MAIM, MUTILATE, WHOLE MAN, DOUBLE-DIP, THE EAGLE SHITS; compare SIW, DOW, KIA. [nb: the MILLION DOLLAR WOUND is often mistaken for acquiring an injury that "hits the benefits' jackpot" or "breaks the VA bank", but it is actually synonymous with a "minor wound", one that can be recuperated from ... a permanent handicap is not something to willingly seek!]
MILLPOND :
a 17-point program, approved by President John F. Kennedy on 9 March 1961, to prepare or improve the US military posture in Laos; also known as OPN MILLPOND. See PEO, WHITE STAR.
MILPER :
MILitary PERsonnel; a servicemember in the Armed Forces or Uniformed Services, a MIL-PERS.
MIL-PERS :
MILitary PERSonnel, or MILitary PERSon; anyone serving in uniform with the Armed Forces [later, Uniformed Services], a servicemember or MILPER; compare SHEEP-DIPPED, see MILICRAT, SWINE LOG, BRASS HAT, BOOT, BIRDMAN, ZOOMIE, GROUND HOG, SQUID, SWABBY, SNUFFY, DOGFACE, CRUNCHY, LEG, SKIRT, GI JANE, GI JOE, WARM BODY, KNUCKLE-DRAGGER, GI. [nb: persons or groups engaged in violent conduct against a duly constituted authority or its designated adherents are not entitled to the protective provisions of domestic or international laws; see MILITIA, MINUTEMAN, PARAMILITARY, MERCENARY, GUERRILLA, INSURGENT, TERRORIST]
MILS / MISLS :
Military Intelligence (Service) Language School, operated at Fort Snelling MN during WWII; see DLI, MI, CIC, YANKEE SAMURAI.
MIL-SPEAK :
military slang and jargon, military lingo. Such bureaucratese or officialese may be compared to Orwellian "doublespeak", and subdivided into "NavSpeak" or "ArSpeak" as a hierarchically multiplex mode of convoluted symbolic parameters and indecipherable synergistic algorithms representative of the transpersonal colloquies and interfaced confirmations essential for redundant bureaucratic authorizations. See TALK TRASH, CONFETTI, SNOW, BLOW SMOKE, RED TAPE, TALK THE TALK, VERNACULAR, BAMBOO ENGLISH, PIDGIN, CREOLE, LINGUA FRANCA, JARGON, ALPHABET SOUP, PIG LATIN, DOG LATIN, POLYGLOT, AAAAAAA. [v: drivel, obfuscation, double-talk, nonsense, bombast, malarkey, claptrap, bunkum, gibber jabber, gibble-gabble, bosh, twaddle, flummery, bafflegab, gobbledygook, tommyrot, balderdash] [nb: Zipf's Law of Linguistics asserts that while a few words in any natural language are used quite often, most words are used infrequently, which statistical observation was first made by George Kingsley Zipf] [nb: "After all, when you come right down to it, how many people speak the same language even when they speak the same language?" by Russell Hoban]
MIL-SPEC :
conforming to MILitary SPECifications for minimum performance or standard quality. The "good enough for government issue" criterion is based upon the lowest cost for all the required features of any procurement. See HALF-ASSED, NSN, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, 100 MPH TAPE, 1000 MPH TAPE, FLASHLIGHT, LIGHT STICK, HOOLIGAN, FLASHBANG, GPS, MUGR, ENVIS, VIPER. [nb: "A brontosaurus is a salamander designed to mil-spec."] [nb: the combat zone is, by definition, a destructive area, so whatever exists there is either disposable, replaceable, or made as cheaply as possible to do the required job; 'superiority' is a shifting objective, a changeable goal that must be factored by time and resources, which is always competing with 'sufficiency'] [cf: faute de mieux (French: for want of something better)] [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MIMEOGRAPH :
formerly a trademark for a small printing machine with an ink-fed drum, around which a cut waxed stencil was placed so that successive sheets of paper could be fed into it for reproduction; available for electrical or manual operation, and readily portable, all ORDERs and CIRCULARs were reproduced by mimeography before computerization. [cf: silkscreen process, xerography, offset lithography]
MIND-BENDER :
see HEADSHRINKER.
MIND CANDY :
slang expression for an improbable course, an absurd proposal, or an unworkable solution; as a vision, prospect, proposition, aspiration, scheme, notion, desire, fancy, dream, fantasy, phantasm, concoction, figment, contrivance, illusion, mirage, chimera, hallucination, reverie, daydream, musing, wishful thinking, brown study, delusion, pipe dream, castles in the air, pie in the sky, will-o'-the-wisp, wisp, ignis fatuus. See COURSE OF ACTION, PLAN B, BAND-AID, RUN IT UP THE FLAGPOLE, WIGGLE ROOM, HOUSE OF CARDS, WET DREAM, MAGGOT, WHITE ELEPHANT, BELL THE CAT, WANGLE, FAIRY DUST, MILITARY MIND, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, McNAMARA'S WALL, RAIN ON PARADE.
MINDER :
by shortening of reminder, being someone who serves as an attendant or acts as an escort, especially for civilians or other guests while they're visiting secure facilities or military installations; compare AIDE. Also, slang for a personal protector or BODYGUARD; see PDS, PSD.
MIND-SET :
see THE ARMY WAY, MIL-SPEC, GOOD ENOUGH FOR GOVERNMENT WORK, PARTY LINE, ZOMBIE, ZERO TOLERANCE, LAW OF AVERAGES, GAMBLER'S FALLACY, UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, PRINCIPLE OF LEAST FORCE, LEAST RESISTANCE, LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS, LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, PARADIGM SHIFT, BOYDLOOP, SCHOOL SOLUTION, BOX HEAD, HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, MILITARY MIND, NIH (Not Invented Here), REINVENT THE WHEEL, DOUBLE STANDARD.
MINE :
usually subdivided into automatic and command detonated, then further categorized as Anti-Personnel (aP) and Anti-Tank (AT) or Anti-Vehicle, and classified as standardized or improvised construction; also known as an "egg", as well as CLAYMORE, BOUNCING BETTY, TOE-POPPER, PETARD, CAMOUFLET, CAISSON, DEVIL'S GARDEN, LSM, CAPTOR, FISH. See EOD, EFP, UDT, IED, MOTHER OF SATAN, LO DUN, TU DAI, INFLUENCE MINE, ALPHA-ALPHA, BOOBY-TRAP, DET CORD, CLACKER, TRIPWIRE, TRIGGER, EXPLODER, INFLUENCE PISTOL, SAPPER, COCKTAIL, SOUP, CHARGE, EXPLOSIVE, BOMB, FANFARE, PARAVANE, RAMICS, MUSETTE, MINEFIELD, MINESWEEPER, COUNTER-MINE. [nb: the Chinese first used iron-cased land mines in AD 1277, modified the casement to bamboo and converted the "ground thunder" mines to self-tripping automatic triggers by 1412, and self-detonating mines were made by 1573 ... mine craft arrived in Europe by technomigration in 1403.]
MINE DETECTOR :
(forthcoming); aka: metal detector; AN/PRS-4 - Mine detector used by combat engineers; compare FALL GUY [nb: "Every foot soldier can be a mine detector ... once."]
MINEFIELD :
(forthcoming); see GUINEA-PIG [nb: "Any ship can be a mine sweeper ... once."]
MINIGUN :
a light (85#; complete assembly weighs a third less than one M-2 heavy MG) but effective six-barrel machinegun (MG) of 7.62mm caliber that's able to fire by barrel rotation (similar to old Gatling Gun) at rates of 2,000-4,000 rounds per minute; first made by General Electric in 1960. Because the MINIGUN (variously M-134, GAU-17/A, GAU-2B) is electrically operated, it is almost always mounted on-board a vessel, aircraft, or assault vehicle, such as SPOOKY, SPECTRE, DRAGON SHIP, GO-GO SHIP, COBRA, etc. Firing the MINIGUN produces a distinctive MOAN 'n' GROAN sound, so it is also known as a MOANING MINI. See HOSE, VULCAN, DUSTER, DOVER DOG, BOFORS. [v: "gat", slang derived from Gatling gun, referred to any machinegun, then any portable or compact machinegun, and finally to a pistol]
MINI-POUNDER :
small RADAR transmitter used to mark locations on the ground for radar-carrying aircraft.
MINISUB :
a small submarine, holding only one or a few persons, as used in naval special operations, underwater explorations, or when conducting underwater experiments; a contraction of MINIature SUBmarine, and also called "midget sub". See GIGGLES 'n' BANGS, PRESSURE HULL, MOTHER SHIP, SUBMARINE; compare SDV,AUV, ROV. [nb: a 2-man version, sized about 6' by 70', used during WWII by the Imperial Japanese Navy was identified as a Special Purpose Submarine, and was transported (PIGGYBACKed) on deck behind the CONNING TOWER of a full sized sub (MOTHER SHIP), before being occupied and launched into action] [cf: bathyscape/bathyscaphe]
MINUTEMAN :
an American intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) with three stages that's powered by solid-propellant rocket engines; see MISSILE. Also, a member of a group of American militiamen just before and during the Revolutionary War who held themselves in readiness for instant military service; see AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Also, a member of a small, secretive, ultraconservative organization that formed into armed groups for the declared purpose of conducting GUERRILLA WARFARE against a communist invasion of the United States; compare MILITIA, WEEKEND WARRIOR, PARAMILITARY, COUNTER-GUERRILLA, COUNTERINSURGENCY. [cf: fyrd, landsturm]
MIRV :
(murv) acronym for Multiple Independently-targetable Reentry Vehicle, being the WAR NOSE on a MISSILE that carries several nuclear WARHEADs, each of which can be directed to a different target during the return of the ROCKET from outer space into the earth's atmosphere; also represented as "M.I.R.V."
MIS :
(m-i-s) Military Intelligence Service, established September 1941 in cooperation with the Defense Language School (later redesignated the Military Intelligence Language School) for training INTEL specialists who could translate documents and interrogate prisoners in order to acquire and assess military information. Military Intelligence Service members, called "MISers" (m-i-s-ers), comprised about 6,000 Japanese-American interpreters, being Neisei, Kibei, and Sansei citizens, who were attached for temporary duty (TDY) to combat units in the Pacific, China-Burma-India, and European theaters of operation. The MIS translation / interrogation intel element assigned to OSS Det 101 operating in the CBI theater with "rebel" GUERRILLAs was nicknamed "Dixie" for this association with "confederates" for shared objectives. During the final year of WWII in the Pacific theater, the MIS published a Japanese language newspaper that was called "Parachute News" because it was delivered to Imperial forces and civilians by AIRDROP from B-29s in an effort to counter the anti-American PARTY LINE with WHITE PROPAGANDA and encouragements to surrender. See DLI, CIC, MI, PURPLE HEART BATTALION, LOST BATTALION.
MISANTHROPY :
the detestation, dislike, or distrust of humankind ... a not unreasonable viewpoint, albeit pessimistic, for adherents of the warrior ethos; see KILL 'EM ALL, MASSACRE, BUTCHER'S BILL, WARMONGER, TRIGGER-HAPPY, BOUNCE THE RUBBLE, BOMB 'EM BACK TO THE STONE AGE, DOOMSDAY, OVERKILL, KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT, GENOCIDE, ATROCITY. [v: misogyny, misandry, phobia, -ophobe (zenophobe); cf: counterphobic]
MISERY INDEX :
an unofficial indication of the nation's economic health, a sum derived by adding the percentage rate of inflation to the percentage of unemployed workers; being a catch-phrase used by free-enterprisers to characterize the repressive taxation and obstructive policies of the Carter Administration during the post-Vietnam era.
MISFIRE :
the failure to properly fire or explode, as a primer or propellant that malfunctions in whole or in part; see DUD, FIZZLE, DEACTIVATE, EOD, CARTRIDGE, SHELL, CHARGE, EXPLOSIVE. [nb: this term has often been misused to indicate the accidental or negligent discharge of a firearm] [v: Firearms Glossary ] Also, the failure of an internal-combustion engine to ignite properly or to run consistently. Also, a failure to achieve the intended result or the desired effect. Also, a euphemism for inadvertent or premature ejaculation during foreplay, thus inhibiting the consummation of sexual intercourse; an analogy based upon the incapacity of a CARTRIDGE or SHELL.
MISREP :
the Joint Tactical Air Reconnaissance/Surveillance MISsion REPort, being a preliminary report of information from tactical reconnaissance aircrews rendered by designated debriefing personnel immediately after landing, and dispatched prior to the compilation of the Initial Photo Interpretation Report; providing a summary of the route conditions, observations, and aircrew actions, identifying sensor products. See SITREP, SPOT REPORT.
MISS LACE :
see MALE CALL, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.
MISSILE :
any weapon that's thrown, shot, launched, or otherwise propelled at a target, such as a GRENADE, bullet, torpedo (FISH), guided ROCKET (steer after launch), or ballistic ROCKET (no power or no guidance after launch); including AAM, ABM, AGM, ALCM, AMRAAM, ASRAAM, ATGM, Atlas, AVENGER, CHAPARRAL, CORKSCREW, CRUISE, FOG-M, HARM, Harpoon, HAWK (HA), Hellfire, Hercules (HE), Honest John (HJ), Hound Dog, ICBM, IDAS, JASSM, JAVELIN, Jupiter, LAW, LGM, Little John (LJ), MANPADS, MAVERICK, MINUTEMAN, MIRV, MLRS, MOAB, Nike-Hercules (NH), PATRIOT, Peacekeeper, PERSHING (PE), PGM, PHOENIX, POLARIS, POSEIDON, PREDATOR, Quail, RED EYE, RPG, RR, SAM, SCORPION, Sergeant (SG), SHILLELAGH, SHRIKE, SIDEWINDER, SKY STREAK, SLAM, SNARK, SPARROW, SPARTAN, SRAM, STEALTH HAWK, STINGER, STRIKER, TACIT RAINBOW, Thor, Titan, TLAM, TOMAHAWK, TOW, TRIDENT, WOLVERINE, ZUNI, and 2.75 "rocket" (diameter of the side- or pod-mounted MISSILEs carried on all older "B" model HUEY gunships and the newer Cobras). Enemy large-caliber "rockets" at 122mm, 140mm. "Stalin's Organ" was nickname for WWII mobile "rocket" launchers [cf: "Screaming MeMe" and "Moaning Mini" at WHIZ BANG and WHISTLER]. See AA, AAA, ATACMS, DDG, DRONE, DOODLEBUG, BOXCAR CHARLIE, SHERIDAN, WARHEAD, E-WARHEAD, PAYLOAD, DOGHOUSE, DRUMFIRE, SALVO, VOLLEY, SLBM, CWI, CATAPULT, SHERWOOD FOREST, SILO, BLOCKHOUSE, IRON HAND, WILD WEASEL, EGADS BUTTON, MISSILE GAP. [nb: The Chinese invented a two-stage ignition rocket in AD 1150, which achieved increased thrust and velocity by choking the exhaust (later called the "Venturi Effect"), with a range of over 1800yds, and was used during battle in 1206. On 16 March 1926, Robert Hutchings Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket.] [nb: "What's the sense of sending $2million missiles to hit a $10 tent that's empty?" by George W. Bush (13 September 2001)]
MISSILE GAP :
a pre-Vietnam era catch-phrase for a lag in the technical sophistication or productive development between one nation's defensive armamentarium relative to that of competing countries.
MISSILEMAN :
someone who works on, launches, or operates guided MISSILEs; also known as "missileer". [nb: INDIGenous peoples have nicknamed the shoulder-fired version of this weapon an "arrow", and designate the missileer who fires it as "archer" or "bowman"]
MISSILE PLOT :
the missile system fire control computer room aboard ship; see GUN PLOT.
MISSING MAN FORMATION :
a symbolic PARADE formation of marching soldiers or flying aircraft where a prominent gap in the arrangement represents a comrade who has died on active duty service to his country. This overflight or passing formation also represents the enduring commitment of the others to continue to march, to CARRY ON the mission. The accountability FLYOVER first became a tribute when performed for the funeral of King George V by the RAF in 1935, and in 1938 at the funeral of MG Oscar Westover by the USAAC, but the first MISSING MAN FORMATION was flown at Japan's Johnson Field in Nov 1951 to recognize the death of a fighter pilot in the KOREAN WAR. As with the burial of USAF GEN Hoyt Vandenberg in April 1954, the KOREAN WAR had made this a new "traditional" practice to be observed by militaries worldwide. "The McConnell Story", a Warner Brothers movie about the death of test pilot Captain Joseph McConnell in 1954, prominently featured the MISSING MAN FORMATION overflight, both the simple vacancy and the dramatic vertical pull-out, captivating an even larger audience. Paramilitary and civilian usurpation of this practice includes parachutists in Canopy Relative Work (CRW) or FREE-FALL formations, antique aircraft and classic automobiles paraded past the mourners, sometimes using colored smoke or lights for special effects, which celebratory display is never done at military funerals. See TAPS, MEMORIAL DAY, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, POW-MIA DAY, TROOP THE LINE, PASS IN REVIEW; compare VETERANS' DAY.
MISSION :
a specific task that one or more persons is assigned to accomplish, often in a limited time; an operation that's designed to carry out the goals of a particular plan or program; see OBJ, OPN, BALL GAME, DUTY, RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE), LAWS OF WAR, THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, WATCH MY SMOKE, FOLLOW ME, CHARGE, STORM. Also, a group of persons sent to a foreign country to conduct negotiations, establish relations, provide technical assistance, or the like, especially the establishment of a diplomatic embassy abroad. [v: portfolio]
MISSION CREEP :
the tendency to extend the purpose of a program, to expand the intent of a project, or to exceed the original boundaries of an operation, putting the participants into difficult or unforeseen circumstances, and causing the goals to change; it is the process by which military operations morph into paramilitary operations, such as combat elements performing civic action and humanitarian aid, or vice versa. Although this expression was first used (1993) to describe the multiplication of military projects for each overseas peacekeeping commitment (eg: Somalia, Bosnia, Iraq, etc), it has since been retroactively applied to earlier interventions (eg: Vietnam, Haiti, El Salvador, etc) when describing similar expansions of assignment. Among ambitious politicians and enterprising directors, there's an understandable tendency to attempt a redoubling of success by adding extra or compound commitments, but this maximization effort generally spirals out of control, making the objectives unattainable, often jeopardizing the original achievement. This tendency to widen or deepen the scope of any task is a regrettable reflection of the super-utilization concept that confuses specialized success with generalized success ... not only is a jack-of-all-trades not a master, but penny wise is pound foolish ... the proper way to expand the mission is to expand the performance base. See GRADUATED RESPONSE, FLEXIBLE RESPONSE, SWEEP, COMBINED ARMS; compare CONTAINMENT. [v: optimum treatment versus negative relapse]
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE :
the modern equivalent of 'forlorn hope' as performed by 'enfants perdus' ("lost children"), being a highly romanticized depiction that was represented by the popular Vietnam-era namesake TV program featuring fantastic resolutions to extraordinary scenarios; such fiction was formerly represented as "in like Flynn" (after Errol Flynn, the swashbuckling Australian actor) for those emphatic or dramatic feats of derring-do that were staged for WWII-era adventure films. See BELL THE CAT, BITTER END, SNOWBALL, SUICIDE SQUAD, AUTOTOMY, MOCK-HEROIC, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.
MISSION READY :
synonym for COMBAT LOADED, and sometimes known as "mission capable", being briefed and equipped for a specific operation; frequently applied to helicopters and their crew, but universally understood as GOOD TO GO for each OP TEMPO period; see CHAMP AT THE BIT, SPIN-UP, LOADOUT, BATTAILOUS.
MISTAKE :
see FOUL-UP / FOULED-UP, GLITCH, SNIVITZ, SNARK, BUG, GREMLIN, STANDARD ERROR, PROBABLE ERROR, PLAN B, SEAT OF THE PANTS. [nb: it's a Murphy Law of Combat that: "Everything breaks, breaks-down, or wears-out."]
MISTER :
the proper title of address for Warrant Officers (WO) in all branches, and for Naval officers below the RANK of Commander (O-5), as derived from master, as an indication of skill; see CHIEF, OFFICER. Also used informally or pejoratively when addressing a CRUIT or CADET about his unmilitary or unskillful performance; thus categorizing him with other nugatory civilians. [nb: similar contranym is SOLDIER as either fugleman or shirker]
MISTER CLEAN :
designation for jet Forward Air Controllers; see FAC, CAS.
MITCHELL :
B-25 twin-engined light bomber flown in all theaters during WWII, and still used during the VIETNAM WAR; sixteen B-25 light bombers took-off from the flight deck of an aircraft carrier on 18 April 1942 under the command of James H. Doolittle to strike Tokyo in reprisal for the Pearl Harbor raid by Imperial Japan. See AIR COMMANDO, compare LIBERATOR.
MITE :
any of various small to microscopic arachnids, including species that are parasitic on animals and plants or that feed on decaying matter and stored foods; see FLEA, COOTIE, GRAYBACK, CRAB, BEDBUG, COMFORT STATION [cf: chigoe, chigger, jigger, sand flea, beach flea]. Also, any very small creature or thing. Also, any very small sum of money; as derived from an ancient copper coin [myte] of very little value; see LEGAL TENDER.
MITIGATE / MITIGATION :
to make milder or more gentle; to lessen in severity; to mollify. Also, to lessen in force or intensity, as when making a harsh punishment less severe; derived from 'calm', 'soften', or 'soothe'. Compare NO EXCUSE; see COURT MARTIAL.
MIXMASTER :
nickname of the Kaman HH-43 heavy-lift HUSKY helicopter. Also, nickname of the Cessna O-2 SKYMASTER, a fixed-wing STOL aircraft. Also, nickname of the Douglas XB-42 experimental bomber.
MK1 / M-1 :
see Mark 1 / Mark I.
MK19-3 :
a belt-fed, blowback-operated, and air-cooled automatic 40mm grenade machinegun (@72.5#) that was developed (1983) to deliver decisive firepower against enemy personnel and lightly armored vehicles to an effective range of 2200m, replacing the Browning M-2 heavy machinegun as the primary suppressive weapon in vehicle-mounted combat support operations. Compare DOVER DOG.
MK2 / M-2 KNIFE :
designation (Mark 2 / Mark II) for the clip-pointed, single-edged, bowie-style, fighting utility knife issued by the U.S. Navy from 1942 as a more practical replacement for the Mk1 / M-1 TRENCH KNIFE; commonly called a KABAR (qv), regardless of manufacturer. [ie: USMC Mark 2 Knife, Fighting Utility; and U.S. Navy Utility Knife, Mark 2]
MLG :
Marine Logistics Group.
MLR :
Main Line of Resistance; also known as "main line of defense"; being a standard term in conventional warfare for a FRONT LINE or FLOT designated at the Forward Edge of the Battle Area (FEBA) for the purpose of coordinating all mutually supporting fire, including TAC-AIR and naval gunfire; but does not include the areas utilized by COVERing or SCREENing forces. It's use in a COUNTERINSURGENCY combat zone without static borders or defensive boundaries is indicative of a counterproductive military mind-set See FCSL, TIED-IN, ANCHOR, REFUSE, OBJECTIVE AREA, DMZ, UW; compare MSR.
MLRS :
Multiple Launch Rocket System; see ROCKET, MISSILE.
MMA :
abbreviation for Mixed Martial Arts, being a sanctioned fighting style of hand-to-hand combat that is less doctrinaire than the traditional disciplines, combining techniques from several schools in order to maximize the effectiveness of "no holds barred" close combat ... a methodology developed in the post-Vietnam era as a competitive sport (involving aspects of boxing and wrestling, karate and judo) but primarily focused on surviving (if not besting) a deadly threat in real life situations. See MARTIAL ART, JAP SLAPPER, TWO-FISTED, KNUCKLE SANDWICH, BOK-BOK, BATS 'n' HATS, ON GUARD, EQUALIZER, AT CLOSE QUARTERS, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE (CQB), ALL'S FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR.
M-9 PISTOL :
M-9 9mm pistol
the standard military sidearm, known as a "Personal Defense Weapon", issued to aviators, policemen, and crew-served weapons crewmen, replacing the M-1911A1 (.45cal) pistol and the Smith & Wesson (.38cal) revolver; it's basically a Beretta model 92F pistol firing the 9mm NATO round. A lightweight, semiautomatic, double-action pistol, with redundant safety features, the M-9 is reputedly more lethal and safer than its predecessors; but its adoption was principally spawned by the need to accommodate female marksmen (eg: smaller frame, less recoil, lighter weight, more ammo), in a mandatory initiative to standardize DoD with NATO, and to field one handgun for all United States armed services. The M-9 pistol has a staggered 15-round magazine, may be fired double or single action without a magazine inserted, and can be unloaded or decocked without activating the trigger. See UP-GUN, PISTOL. [nb: "The M-9 is the ultimate in feminine protection!"] [nb: although the 9mm cartridge is alleged to be "as good" or "better" than the older calibers (.38spl / .45ACP), bullet size and ballistic performance do not substantiate this claim; the 9mm (.35433cal) is smaller than both the .38spl (.355cal) and .357mag (.357 - .361 depending upon manufacturer), and much more under powered than either the special or magnum loads; the .45cal remains the best ammo for close combat, and either .22LR or .22mag is still preferred for execution / assassination ... it has been said that the underpowered 9mm is just a .45cal set on stun!]
MNVD :
Monocular Night Vision Device; see VIPER.
MOA :
Military Operations Area, or Military Operational Area, being a restricted zone or region that is exclusive to military forces for the period of an exercise or test, with civilian access prohibited by land, sea, or air for the duration; compare AO, TO, AOR, OA, TAOR, CHOP LINE, UA.
MOAB :
(mow-ab) Massive Ordnance Airburst Bomb, or Massive Ordnance Air Blast; being a satellite-guided MISSILE that generates a mushroom cloud; with the acronym widely re-interpreted as the "Mother Of All Bombs".
MOAFU :
literally "Mother Of All Fuck Ups", or more euphemistically as "... foul ups"; see FUCK-UP, FUCKED-UP, CLUSTER FUCK, WTFO, SOL, BOHICA.
MOAN 'n' GROAN :
the distinctive sound of MINIGUN or VULCAN machinegun firing; see SPRAY, HOSE, ROCK 'n' ROLL, MAD MINUTE. Also, the incessant complaints of wimps and whiners, of thumbsuckers and wusses, of crybabies and weaklings; see REMF, CLERKS 'n' JERKS, WANNABE, CANDY-ASS, POGUE, PENCIL PUSHER, ACETATE COMMANDO, CHAIRBORNE, FOBBIT, TOCROACH, BARRACKS LAWYER, SEA LAWYER, YARDBIRD, DUD; compare SUCK IT UP.
MOANING MINI :
see MOAN 'n' GROAN, MINIGUN, VULCAN; WHIZ BANG, WHISTLER, BOXCAR CHARLIE, DOODLEBUG. [nb: hysteria is also known as the "screaming-meemies"]
THE MOG :
(maug) slang phrase referring to Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia (Somali Democratic Republic), where the multinational peacekeeping mission was headquartered during 1992-5. See RESTORE HOPE, SKINNY, AD HOC, THE MED, THE GULF, ABSURDISTAN, THE STANS; compare THE ROOT, THE NAM.
MOB :
Main Operations Base; being a joint special operations command and support facility established in FRIENDLY territory by a component commander to provide sustained administrative and logistical support to special operations activities in designated areas; compare FOB, AOB, FSB, CP, JUMP CP, CAMP, BASE CAMP, BASE.
MOBI-MAT :
a portable (removable and re-usable) rollout access pathway for vehicles and pedestrians that's relatively lightweight and maintenance-free; it has a rigid corrugated surface that provides a safe, flexible and visible pathway that's very durable and "environmentally friendly". The MOBI-MAT, a brand name that's also spelled "Mobi Mat", is used by agriculture and construction, public utilities and emergency services, as well as by forward deployed units of the military as a passageway to vulnerable, inappropriate, or otherwise inaccessible areas, including mud and bog areas, boat ramps and riverbeds, glaciers and beaches, snow and sand fencing, aircraft recovery and portable landing pads, and access for military tactical mobility. The MOBI-MAT can rapidly create a durable roadway that's impervious to weather and will not cause erosion. Available in three configurations, each pegged into place, specific to vehicular or foot traffic; twelve MOBI-MATs, weighing just over two tons, can be arranged to form a helicopter landing pad in a couple of hours. See FARP, PETROL, POL, DEPOT, DUMP, TREADWAY BRIDGE; compare MARSDEN MATTING, PSP, HELIPAD, RUNWAY, GANGWAY, DUCKBOARDS.
MOCHA :
slang for military coffee, also known as joe, mud, sludge, washy, belly-wash, jamoke, java, espresso, brew, black water, brown blood, boiler acid, battery acid, and nectar of the gods; see GI JOE.
MOCK CHICKEN :
minced veal, pork, or other "mystery meat", molded onto a stick or skewer so that it somewhat resembles a chicken leg, then breaded and braised; also called "city chicken". See SLIDER, CAMEL BURGER, BOXED NASTY, HORSE COCK, CRITTER FRITTER, CAVALRY STEAK, SEA LEGS, SLOP, GUT BOMB, WASH, WAD, CHOW, BEANS, RATIONS.
MOCK-COMBAT / MOCK-BATTLE :
a structured competition that tests and measures both individual proficiency and unit effectiveness by staging simulated battlefield scenarios with stipulated time and space restrictions; such a realistic (albeit non-lethal) examination differs from a field training exercise in both its complexity and intensity ... and in its purposeful application, is the only relatively "safe arena" where the textbook or "school solution" may be practically refined or experimentally challenged without disastrous consequences. See DRY RUN, EXERCISE, THE PLAN, FIELD EXPEDIENT, PLAN B, WIGGLE ROOM, GAMBIT, DOUBLE DUTCH, PARTY LINE, BOX HEAD, PRIMROSE PATH, MILITARY MIND, TOE THE LINE, SCRIPTURES, FTX, JRTC, NTC, RED FLAG, PAINTBALL, WAR GAMES, UMPIRE, REFEREE, TRAIN HARD - FIGHT EASY, PLAY THE GAME, SNAKE PIT, DUEL, ORDEAL, OPFOR, CAPABILITY, COMBAT EFFECTIVE, COURSE OF ACTION, SHOW THE FLAG, FLOWER WAR, BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. [nb: such contests, formerly known as festivals or fiestas, have existed since the medieval era to demonstrate common skills and to exemplify social values; v: joust, tournament]
MOCK-HEROIC :
to burlesque or parody heroic acts or manners by an amplified imitation thereof, so as to ridicule the character of heroes and the traits of heroism; a counterfeit or caricature of heroism, being a literary form in which minor players, insignificant subjects, or trivial events are satirized by exaggeration and elevation, as when treated with false solemnity and sham ceremony. See TRAINED KILLER, BTDT; compare VALOR, BRAVERY, COURAGE, WINTER SOLDIER, QUIET PROFESSIONAL, HERO.
MOCKTAIL / MOCK-TAIL :
a mixed drink containing no booze or liquor, especially those served in establishments where the prevailing community standard opposes alcoholic beverages; derived as a truncation of mock-cocktail. Compare SAIGON TEA, IRISH SODA POP; see WASH, HOOCH, GROG, BREW, THE DRINK. [v: Virgin Mary, Cinderella, Shirley Temple, Davy Crockett, Roy Rogers, Pilgrim's Punch, etc]
MOCK-UP :
a testing or teaching model, usually full-size, such as an aircraft fuselage or prison camp building; see TRAIN HARD - FIGHT EASY, DON'T DO NOTHING, KILL HOUSE, WAR GAMES, DUMMY. [cf: "folly" as a useless structure built as an extravagance or indulgence]
MODES 'n' CODES :
rhyming slang for the Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) transponder codes broadcast (SQUAWK) by aircraft; the transponder code settings for radios that identify different aircraft in flight.
MOGAS :
MOtor vehicle GASoline, supplied as low-octane military-grade fuel; see PETROL, POL, JUICE, TOP-OFF, REDNECK CREDIT CARD.
MOHAWK :
a twin turboprop, two-seat U.S. Army aircraft fitted with cameras, RADAR, and infrared (IR) sensors and designed to monitor enemy operations; the Grumman OV-1 observation / RV-1 radio/RADAR reconnaissance aircraft; see BIRD. Also, a haircut in which the head is shaved bare, except for a brush-like strip of blunt hair running down the center of the scalp from the forehead to the nape of the neck; also called "roach" or "hog", being a hairstyle made famous by a tribe of the Iroquoian Five Nations, and commonly worn during training exercises (FTX) by members of the opposition force (OPFOR); see BUZZ, WHITE WALLS, HIGH 'n' TIGHT, FLATTOP, FLATHEAD; compare RELAXED GROOMING STANDARDS.
MOHINGA :
a popular Burmese breakfast food available from street vendors and in restaurants, whose ingredients vary with the season, being a thick fish and rice noodle soup that's seasoned with Garlic, onions, lemon grass, cilantro (coriander), ginger, fish sauce, crumbled chickpea fritters, crushed dried chillies, and a squirt of lime juice.
MOIRA :
as the personification of fate among ancient Greeks, a person's destiny. [v: fate, fortune, destiny, joss, karma, kismet, predestination, weird; che sarà sarà ("what will be, will be"); que sera, sera ("whatever will be, will be"); cf: appointment in Samarra] [v: alea jacta est (Latin: the die is cast)] [nb: "You only live twice -- once when you are born, once when you look death in the face." by Ian Fleming (1964)]
MOJITO :
a Cuban highball of white rum and sparkling water that's accented by lime juice, mint, and sugar cane syrup; its origin is attributed to Francis Drake, and the name purportedly derives from either 'mojado' (little wet, as with sparkling water) or 'mojo' (magic spell) ... a Marine Corps tradition has any available alcohol that's mixed with fruit juice and soda water as being so-called. See BREW, HOOCH, GROG, JUICE, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, GUSTO.
MOJO :
intuition or extrasensory perception, a prescient or presentiment feeling; a foreknowledge of danger or a foreboding of harm; as derived from the word for the personal magnetism of a VOODOO medicine man, practiced in the art of divination, casting spells, or creating magic charms (amulet or talisman). Term also spelled "mo-jo", and also known as "juju" or "grigri"; but not to be confused with getting a "combat itch" or "battle twitch", or becoming "nervous in the service", which are forms of anxiety, jitters, or fright. A person with MOJO is often calm, composed, and calculating. Its conjuring is sometimes dismissed as 'experience', except that MOJO is not quantifiable ... a person knows, but usually does not know how he knows what he knows. See HOODOO, SPIDER SENSE, COLD ZERO, ABRACADABRA, JOSS STICK, TIGER BALM, PASSWORD, FAIRY DUST, SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS. Also, an alcoholic concoction that's intended to be powerful rather than tasteful; an extemporaneous drink designed to alter consciousness; see HOOCH, BREW, GROG, SPLICE THE MAINBRACE, GROUP TIGHTENER, SUNDOWNER, HATCH, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, JUICE. [v: mojito]
MOLE :
undercover operative or espionage agent; see SECRET AGENT, SPOOK, CREEP, CRYPTO, SLEEPER, INVISIBLE, PROVOCATEUR, FIX, THROW-AWAY, STOOGE. [v: intelligencer] Also, a BREAKWATER, groyne/groin, or jetty used to form or protect an anchorage or harbor, to reinforce or protect a pier or quay; see WHARF.
MOLLE :
(mollie) acronym for MOdular Lightweight Load-bearing Equipment, or MOdular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment, which was introduced in 1997, deriving its modularity from the grid-work system of straps that permits various pouch and gear arrangements, including load-bearing vest (LBV) and CamelBak-style CANTEEN (with sipping tube) built into the backpack (RUCK / RUCKSACK). Although MOLLE is proprietary to Natick research labs, any load-bearing arrangement that incorporates a modular grid-work system, regardless of manufacture or application, employs MOLLE and PALS generically ... non-military designs are proliferating in the civilian market. See ALICE, PALS, ILBE, CLIP, WEB GEAR.
MOLOTOV COCKTAIL :
a crude incendiary device, usually consisting of a petrol-filled bottle corked by a wick, which is ignited just before throwing; also called a "bush cocktail". The combustible contents may be made adhesive or jellied by various additives, such as detergent or oil. Eponymous derivation from Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (Skryabin) Molotov, the Russian commissar of foreign affairs. See IED, GAMMON GRENADE, NAPALM, FLAMETHROWER, SOUP, COCKTAIL.
M-1 / MK1 :
see Mark 1 / Mark I.
M1A1 / M-1A1 :
universal designation for the first revised or improved version of the basic issue of some (unspecified) military materiel, weapon or vehicle, implement or instrument, gear or clothing, device or other item; see EYE-BALL.
M-1941 LMG :
the .30cal Johnson model light machinegun, or JOHNNY-GUN.
M-1911A1 PISTOL :
see JOHN WAYNE RIFLE, PISTOL.
MONASTERY :
see WAT, ANGKOR WAT, NHA THO, JOSS STICK, FOO DOG.
MONEY :
see LEGAL TENDER, MPC, CANDY, JUICE, BLACK BAG, HONEY POT, SLUSH FUND, CUMSHAW, FUNNY MONEY, BAD PAPER, SPIRIT MONEY, BENSON SILK, CHARGE, CHIT, HARD TIMES TOKEN, THE EAGLE SHITS, SALARY, BP, PRO PAY, FIELD ALLOWANCE, UA, BAQ, BAH, SEPARATE RATS, SDP, TSP, DOUBLE-DIP, GOLDEN SHOWER, PORK BARREL.
MONEY SHOT :
a catch-phrase meaning "on the spot" or "on the target", as used when shooting indirect fire MORTARs or artillery (ARTY); this expression is applied to the final marking round or the last ranging shot in a FIRE MISSION before ordering the Fire Direction Center (FDC) to fire for effect (FFE) ... this expression is used because artillery fire missions are very expensive (about $150,000 each) so getting on target as quickly as possible is cost-effective. The MONEY SHOT is also expressed as "on the money", "right on the money", "dead on the money", and is derived from the practice of marking the BULL'S-EYE in archery prize competitions with a coin. Although this phrase also enjoys currency in photography where it represents the most lucrative image ("money-making shot") due to being most impressive or memorable, its application to pornographic "blue movies" (aka: cum shot) is lately being devulgarized for use in all media ... which is unrelated to its MIL-SPEAK sense. [nb: MONEY SHOT is not a gambling allusion] [cf: sweet spot]
MONGO :
a basic monetary unit of currency for the Mongolian People's Republic, equal to one-hundredth part of the TUGRIK; see LEGAL TENDER.
MONGOLIAN FOLD :
(epicanthus / epicanthic fold) see SLANT-EYE.
MONGOLIAN HOT POT :
a stew-like dish of sliced meat, seafood, and vegetables cooked together in hot broth and seasoned with a hot sauce, often prepared in a clay pot; compare CHOW MEIN, CHOP SUEY, LO MEIN, GENERAL TSO'S CHICKEN; see CHOW, BEANS, RATIONS.
MONGOLIAN SPOT :
a developmental birthmark, both benign and transient, of irregular shape and variously colored (ie: blue, blue-gray, bluish green, blue-black, or reddish brown), which is present in both sexes but usually disappears between infancy and puberty; a pigmented sacral spot (dermal melanocytosis) that denotes genetic lineage among the Mongols, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Siamese, Malay, Polynesian, Micronesian, Indonesian, Indian, Turkish, East African, Spanish, Caribbean, MesoAmerican, mestizo Indian, Eskimo, Inuit, Inupiak, AmerIndian, Mayan, Peruvian, and other non-European peoples. Having a "blue butt" ('shiri ga aoi') is a Japanese idiom for immaturity or inexperience; and the Koreans attribute the mark to a bruise caused by the slap given by a shamanic spirit ('samshin halmi') to the baby's behind as an incentive to leave the mother's womb.
MONGOOSE :
CODENAME for overt military plans and covert operations scheduled by the Kennedys against Castro and Cuba during the early Vietnam-era, formulated between the failed Bay of Pigs INVASION (April 1961) and the Cuban Missile Crisis (22 Oct - 20 Nov 1962).
MONKEY BRIDGE :
see FLYING BRIDGE. Also, see FLYING GANGWAY.
MONKEY BUTT :
slang for the sore irritated condition in the private or nether region of one's anatomy when compelled to persistently perform activities with inadequate hygiene; an equal opportunity malady that plagues men and women, walkers and riders, sitters and standers, regardless of race or creed, color or national origin, especially when CREATURE COMFORTS are complicated by climate and rationing. This inflammatory condition (chafing) produces an itchy redness that causes the victim to walk straddle or bowlegged, reminiscent of a chimpanzee or baboon; this uncomfortable malaise is also called "swamp ass", "dookie booty", "bleacher butt", "roseate fundament", "red ass", "crotch rot", and so forth. See GOYA, BUTT, FOURTH POINT OF CONTACT, EXERCISE, DOUCHE BAG, MARINE SHOWER, PT SHOWER, NAVY SHOWER, GI SHOWER, RAINROOM, WHORE'S BATH, LATRINE, HEAD, COMFORT STATION.
MONKEY CORD :
slang for the safety tether worn by an aircraft crewmember when required to move around the interior of the FUSELAGE while the exit doors are open and the aircraft is aloft; a shorter restraint (sometimes called a "leash") is worn by DOOR GUNNERs and JUMPMASTERs who may be wounded or become unconscious while occupying their post at the airplane's open door; this expression is probably so-called by a fancied resemblance to the leash worn by an organ-grinder's monkey.
MONKEY DICKS :
see ANGEL DUST.
MONKEY FIST / MONKEY'S FIST :
a casting knot (often a figure-8 on a bight) added to the trailing-end of a ROPE or LINE to lend weight and direction for throwing; a ball-like knot used as an ornament or as a throwing weight at the end of a line, which is sometimes called "monkey paw" or "monkey's paw" by a fancied resemblance; see KNOT, LIFELINE, ROPE, LINE, HAWSER, TURK'S HEAD. [nb: may also be made by tying a bag of lead shot to the end of a rope]
MONKEY HOUSE :
Asian slang for a jail or prison, probably by analogy with the caged condition of the prisoners, but possibly by allusion to the antics of the immured captives; see BRIG, STOCKADE, GUARDHOUSE, CROSSBAR HOTEL, LBJ, TANK, CLUB FED, ADULT DAY CARE CENTER, THE CASTLE, HOT HOUSE, USDB.
MONKEY ISLAND :
slang for a FLYING BRIDGE on top of a PILOTHOUSE or chart house.
MONKEY JACKET :
denigrating reference to the short, close-fitting UNIFORM blouse worn by soldiers and sailors before and during the WWII-era, being an allusion to the jacket costuming an organ-grinder's monkey; compare MONKEY SUIT, see DRESS. Also, disparaging reference to the short jacket worn by a Navy waiter/steward and Army dining room orderly (DRO), who was formerly (before DESEGREGATION) a contract employee of the government (not an enlistee); see LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, SALT AND PEPPER, WARDROOM, GLORY HOLE, KP, COOKIE.
MONKEY MEAT :
WWI slang for a squad-sized canned ration (B-RATIONS) of beef and carrots that was unappealing and unpalatable, which phrase has since been applied to any "mystery meat"; see CAMEL BURGER, SANDWICH, BOXED NASTY, SPAM, HORSE COCK, SLIDER, CRITTER FRITTER, CAVALRY STEAK, MIDRATS, SLOP, GUT BOMB, WASH, WAD, BEANS, CHOW, RATIONS.
MONKEY MOUNTAIN :
(forthcoming); Radio Relay (RR) site near CCN/FOB#4 compare MARBLE MOUNTAIN, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN.
MONKEY SEE - MONKEY DO :
an act of imitation or mimicry, usually with limited knowledge or understanding, and little apprehension or appreciation for any potential consequences; typically being a slavish gesture of conformity; also represented as copycat, ape/aping, follow in another's footsteps (sequacious). Also, as part of the larger educational model (represented as: "monkey see, monkey do; monkey hear, monkey say"), this methodology restricts learning to rote imitation without emphasizing understanding or encouraging exploration. Such mechanistic repetition is dogmatic or doctrinaire, not heuristic or hortative; it represents the learning of a process without an understanding of why or how it works. The capacity for social learning acquired by demonstration was considered to be an indicator of genetic development and/or intellectual achievement when 19th century biologists began to establish the phylogeny of all the species comprising the animal kingdom. When it does not laud ("Imitation is the finest form of flattery."), imitation devalues its model with spurious duplication or counterfeit reproduction, or trivializes its subject with mockery or parody. Compare KISS, OJT, POI, LESSONS LEARNED. [v: emulate, replicate; socialization, aculturation; evolution, eugenics; "fair use" copyright]
MONKEY'S SWING / MONKEY SWING :
see AIGUILLETTE, FOURRAGERE, CORD, CORDON, CONTRAFOIL, LANYARD.
MONKEY SUIT :
slang for any uniform; see DRESS. Also, slang for any full-dress suit, such as a tuxedo, by reference to dressing an "ape man" in socially acceptable attire; see DRESS WHITES, ICE-CREAM SUIT, SPANKERS AND CLANKERS, MESS DRESS, WITH BELLS ON, FEATHERS, CUMMERBUND, BLACK TIE, WHITE TIE, DRESS.
MONKEY TAIL :
in NavSpeak, slang for any of various short ropes or light lines.
MONKEY VOICES :
in Asian cultures, the ceaseless chattering and relentless nagging that disturbs the quiet focus of mental concentration or spiritual meditation; a personification of the background noise or static that disturbs and disquiets someone's affairs. See GOOKANESE, DOUBLE DUTCH, BAMBOO ENGLISH, CREOLE, PIDGIN, HOBSON-JOBSON, VERNACULAR, POLYGLOT, LINGUA FRANCA. [cf: monkeyshines, monkey business]
MONKEY WRENCH / MONKEY-WRENCH :
a wrench having an adjustable jaw permitting it to grasp fittings or fixtures of different sizes; eponymously derived from Charles Moncky, and also called "adjustable spanner". Also, a universally accessible object that may be readily used to interfere with normal functions; a metaphoric obstacle that unavoidably halts progress, or a hypothetical hindrance that compels a change in plans. Also, to deliberately prevent or delay, ruin or sabotage development, especially technological or industrial advancement, as by vandalism or wrecking; see SABOTAGE, SUBVERSION. Also, in its left-handed incarnation, a nonexistent object that a novice or tyro is required to obtain in the same manner as any other SNIPE HUNT objective; compare MERMAID, DRAGON.
MONOPLANE :
in AvnSpeak, an airplane with one main sustaining surface, or with one set of wings; compare BIPLANE, TRIPLANE, FLYING WING, BLIMP. Also, in NavSpeak, a planing craft, the bottom of which is in an unbroken fore-and-aft line.
MONROE DOCTRINE :
the precept, promulgated by James Monroe on 2 December 1823, that the United States opposed further European colonization of or intervention in the western hemisphere; this unilateral tenet reciprocated for this "hands'-off" policy with a non-interference policy that echoed George Washington's warning against foreign entanglements; being the first foreign policy of the United States, it remained in effect until WWI. See ISOLATIONISM, ROOSEVELT COROLLARY, GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY, PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE, CONTAINMENT, INTERVENTIONISM, NATION BUILDING. [nb: "We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those [European] powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety." by James Monroe (2 Dec 1823)] [v: "manifest Destiny" was coined by John L. O'Sullivan (1839); "White Man's Burden" was coined by J. Rudyard Kipling (1899)]
MONSOON :
the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and the nearby lands of southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter, commonly marked by heavy rains; often called the "rainy season" or the "wet". See MANGO SHOWER, WIND, BEAUFORT SCALE, SAFFiR-SIMPSON SCALE, STORM WARNING, WINDSOCK, TELLTALE, GUMBO. [v: brisa/briza, churada, elephanta, sumatra] [nb: due to irresponsible pollution and waste disposal practices on our over-populated globe, it is dangerous to drink unfiltered or untreated water anywhere on earth, but especially in "under developed" countries where livestock is not sequestered from human habitation; these contaminating conditions are complicated in some regions, like Southeast Asia, by MONSOON rains and other inclement weather conditions; see WATER PURIFICATION TABLET] [nb: due to axial tilt during earth's rotation, the hemispheric seasons are not the same length, with the southern summer / northern winter being the shortest season, and northern summer / southern winter being the longest]
MONSTER :
nickname for the relatively large and heavy, backpack portable, field RADIO (AN/PRC-77) equipped with a "secure net" SCRAMBLEr; also called PRICK-77.
MONTAGNARD :
the non-Chinese ethnic tribal peoples who inhabit the remote uplands of Southeast Asia, affectionately known as YARDs or LITTLE BROWN BROTHERs by their ADVISORs; this French term means "mountain people", and is widely misspelled (eg: 'Montaignard'). See BAJARHAKO, DEGA, FULRO, INDIG, CIDG, STRIKER, RF/PF, Y SI, BUDDHAHEAD, LONG HOUSE, BRACELET, WHITE ELEPHANT; compare ADV, COUNTERPART, GONE NATIVE. [nb: extremists or radicals in French politics are also called "Montagnards" by association with those who occupied the upper tiers in the assembly during the French Revolution]
MONTAGNARD BRACELET :
a metal circlet, appropriately marked with the animistic symbols specific to each tribe, that's ceremonially presented to each man and woman after passing through their secret puberty rites; such a distinctive wristband cuff is also presented during the marriage ceremony, and when adopting friends (eg: neighbors, medicos, and civil affairs advisors) into the tribe. See BRACELET.
MONUMENT :
any megalith, statue, or other great work erected as a reminder of some worthy attainment or noteworthy event; a symbolic representation serving as enduring evidence of occurrence or accomplishment; see TROPHY, KOREAN WAR VETERANS MEMORIAL, VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL, TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS, NATIONAL CEMETERY, BONEYARD, GARDEN OF STONES, MEMORIAL DAY, POW-MIA DAY, TAPS, MISSING MAN FORMATION. [eg: Arundelian marbles, London's Column, Nelson's Column, the Antonine Column / Column of Marcus Aurelius, the Column of July (1830), the Column of the Grand Army / Column at Boulogne, the Column of the Place Vendôme, the Duke of York's Column, Trajan's Arch, Trajan's Column] [nb: "For those who achieve, no monument is necessary; for those who admire the achievement, the monument is a respectful echo of the attainment; and for those who will never accomplish anything, sordid graffiti defacing the monument is their secret pride."; "A society that does not value the sacrifices of its native sons will not long endure."; "A civilization that builds monuments to itself has ceased to develop."; "The more aggrandizement, the greater the decline."]
MOONBEAM :
nighttime name of ABCCC HILLSBORO; MOONBEAM was a nighttime command and control aircraft that flew with big searchlights at fairly low altitudes, illuminating the ground for targets of opportunity. Also, slang for a FLASHLIGHT.
MOONLIGHT :
sunlight reflected from the surface of the moon, the earth's natural orbital satellite, during its several phases, except new and eclipse, including the incidence of moonrise and moonset; before artificial illumination (ILLUM) and night vision devices (NVD), the amount of moonlight was an important consideration when planning military operations, especially the gibbous phase of the harvest moon and hunter's moon. Compare LOOM, PINK TIME; see FRESNEL UNIT, FLARE, TIME, SHADOW. [nb: in WWII, during the fall of 1944 and the winter of 1945, when the Allies were advancing into Germany, spotlights aimed at the underside of low cloud cover were used to bounce off light beams that created "artificial moonlight", being a diffuse ambient illumination similar to that produced during a full moon, which supplemental light was adequate to sustain night operations without exposing or highlighting the ploy, as does a flare] [cf: snowblink, iceblink] Also, to work at an additional part-time job after finishing a regular full-time period of employment, as at night or after-hours to supplement income; see OFF-DUTY, SUDS ROW, MIDNIGHT REQUISITION.
MOONSHINE :
a flare-carrying helicopter GUNSHIP; see FIREFLY, SMOKY BEAR. Also, natural or artificial illumination at night; compare FLARE, SLAP-FLARE, VERY PISTOL, BASKETBALL, FLASHLIGHT, LIGHT STICK, BUD LIGHT, NVG, BLINKER. Also, slang for illicit or homemade alcoholic liquors that are clear or without color after manufacture (like gin, vodka, or tequila); also called "white goods", "white mule", or "white lightning"; see HOOCH, BREW, GROG, JUICE, IRISH SODA POP, GROUP TIGHTENER, MOJO, BYOB, DEAD-SOLDIER, TOAST, SPLICE THE MAINBRACE, SOAK, HOIST, HATCH, DUTCH COURAGE, WHISKEY WARRIOR. [nb: "A sudden violent jolt of moonshine has been known to stop the victim's watch, snap his suspenders, and crack his glass eye right across." attributed to Irvin S. Cobb] Also, slang for exaggerated tales or fabricated stories, without the opprobrium of pernicious lies; see TALK TRASH, SHOOT THE SHIT, GAS BAG, WAR STORY, SEA STORY, MIL-SPEAK, RUMOR.
MOON SUIT :
slang reference to any of the several styles of whole-body protective coveralls, typically self-contained, that's worn as a barrier against exposure to contaminants and hazardous materials (HAZMAT); so-called due to its resemblance to a closed environment outer-spacesuit, especially in its awkwardness of movement. See CBR, MOPP, JSLIST, CPOG, BUNNY SUIT, BLUE SUIT, H-GEAR, GAS MASK, DEMILITARIZE.
MOOR'S KNOT :
informal reference to a cryptographic book code, being a simple method of enciphering and deciphering a secret message by identifying the desired words in a particular book (by selecting the page, line, and word count), each party to the transaction having ready access to the identical edition; a method of coding that's both relatively secure and convenient. Compare ONE-TIME PAD; see CODE, KEY, TRADECRAFT.
MOOSE :
acronym for Move Out Of Saigon Expeditiously; for unit decentralization and displacement. See MOOT.
MOOT :
acronym for Move Out Of Town; being a program to reduce troop concentrations in developed or built-up city areas. See MOOSE.
MOPP :
Mission Oriented Protective Posture; especially a CBR or HAZMAT protective suit, mask and related gear that's designed to shield against contamination from chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. The MOPP suit is commonly called a "body bag with a window". See BUNNY SUIT, MOON SUIT, BLUE SUIT, JSLIST, CPOG, H-GEAR, GAS MASK; compare COFFIN, PRO KIT. [cf: remote mechanical agents or servo-manipulation systems for use in sterile, hazardous, or contaminated environments began during WWII with the handling of radioactive materials; initially in the form of insulated gripper arms named "Waldo" (being a cognate of 'rule' or 'command', after the 1942 novel by Robert A. Heinlein), later known as the "Waldo F. Jones Synchronous Reduplicating Pantograph", and now as a telefactoring device, useful in bomb disposal and extraterrestrial maintenance]
MOPPING-UP :
in military parlance, the final reduction of isolated pockets of enemy resistance; also expressed as "mop-up"; see SEARCH AND CLEAR or CLEAR AND HOLD operations.
MORAL COURAGE :
a personal commitment to the ethical principles of right conduct; dedicated or conforming to the established principles of virtue; behavior that's based on fundamental principles of proper thought and action, rather than on law or fashion, regardless of difficulty or resistance. While morality and immorality can be instilled by psychosocial reinforcements, the human animal is predisposed by its physiology to imbue righteous behavior due to psychophysical rewards, from paliatives to homiostasis, contributing to a positive sense of well being for doing "good" (whatever that may be in any particular time and place), hence being in control of one's mental and emotional state, such that one's conduct is self-disciplined, exhibiting good character and proper judgment, probity and dedication as an impersonal commitment to social betterment. See A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, HONOR CODE, CODE OF CONDUCT, HONOR, TRADITION, DUTY, TOE THE LINE, STAND-ALONE, ABOVE BOARD, DUE DILIGENCE, PROMISE, FORTITUDE, GUTS, MOXIE, DIEHARD, ROOT HOG OR DIE, HOLD ONE'S FEET TO THE FIRE, CREED, OATH, KEEP THE FAITH, FOXHOLE CONVERSION, ARMY CHRISTIAN, STRAIGHT ARROW, QUIET PROFESSIONAL, WINTER SOLDIER, PATRIOTISM, SILENT MAJORITY, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT, BEST AND BRIGHTEST, WISE MEN, MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, DECENT INTERVAL, DOMINO THEORY, KNOW YOUR ENEMY, APOCALYPSE. [v: numinous, deontology, eudemonism; cf: meliorism, Solomonic compromise, opportunism] [nb: "No man is justified in doing evil on the grounds of expediency." by Theodore Roosevelt; "You can always count on Americans to do the right thing – after they've tried everything else!" by Winston L.S. Churchill; "There is no man so dangerous as a disillusioned idealist." by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; "There is but little virtue in the action of masses of men." by Henry David Thoreau]
MORALE :
the mental attitude or emotional condition of people contending with opposition or hardship, especially their indwelling confidence or abiding determination; its a measure of the psychological strength of a unit, and bears upon its endurance and willingness to encounter risks. Some factors affecting MORALE include food and resupply, rest and refit, the status of operations, and conditions on the HOME FRONT, especially mail delivery ... but the most important factor is the estimate of worth ascribed to their service and sacrifice by their leaders and countrymen. See DOUGHNUT DOLLY, CAMPAIGN WIFE, SALLY, USO, AFR, AFRTN, MAIL CALL, SUGAR REPORT, CARE, MARS, SPECIAL SERVICES, FIELD HOUSE, PASS, LIBERTY, R&R, LEAVE, ATTABOY, PRO PAY, RESPECT, PAY DUES, I WAS THERE, FRUIT SALAD, GONG, TRASH, BOLO BADGE, PATCH, V-CAMPAIGN, VICTORY TASK FORCE, WAKE UP, BATTLE CRY, JODY CALL, ESPRIT DE CORPS, THE EDGE, FORCE MULTIPLIER, BLOOD CHIT, DEATH CARD, MEDEVAC, I&I, H&I, PSYOPS, WAR OF NERVES, PSYWAR, MUSHROOM, SUBVERSION, WHITE PROPAGANDA, BULLSHIT BOMB, PROPAGANDA, DISINFORMATION, SOAP CHIPS, SCRIPTURES, WIGGLE ROOM, OFF THE RESERVATION, RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE), NFZ, COLLATERAL DAMAGE, HEADQUARTERISM, BRASS EAR, MICROMANAGEMENT, CYA, CHICKEN SHIT, MICKEY MOUSE, BITCH, BAD-MOUTH, MOAN 'n' GROAN, PECKER CHECK, SUCK IT UP, SWEAT HOG, GUNG-HO, WETSU, HARD CHARGER, FIDO, WATCH MY SMOKE, DIEHARD, ROOT HOG OR DIE, BITE THE BULLET, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, GUSTO, A FINE AND PLEASANT MISERY. [nb: the field occupations most often targeted in combat, because their loss so immediately influences unit effectiveness and morale, are the leader, pointman, signalman, machinegunner, and medic]
MORALE PATCH :
unofficial emblems, often of local manufacture, that are worn with or without authorization, as for expressing esprit (eg: PATRIOTISM, GUSTO, HOOAH, OORAH, YUT, GUNG-HO, WETSU, UCGC, SEMPER FI, KEEP THE FAITH, ESPRIT DE CORPS), as for celebrating achievement (eg: skill rating, class graduation, combat missions completed, promotion), and for commemorating an event (eg: deployment or assignment, training exercise participation, unit or weapon activation, retirement of weapon or vehicle, unit deactivation, heritage or lineage, milestone or anniversary); when the COMMAND ELEMENT does not permit these novelty items to be openly displayed, they are typically concealed by mounting inside a hat or helmet, inside a BLOUSE or FLIGHT SUIT, as an informal protest against political-correctness or censorship.
MORALITY :
see MORAL COURAGE, MORAL VICTORY, HONOR, HONOR CODE, CODE OF CONDUCT, CREED, OATH, PROMISE, TRADITION, DUTY, TOE THE LINE, ABOVE BOARD, SUMMUM BONUM, DUE DILIGENCE, CORE VALUES, A MAN'S GOTTA DO WHAT A MAN'S GOTTA DO, KEEP THE FAITH, STRAIGHT ARROW, PATRIOTISM, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, WINTER SOLDIER. [nb: "Morality is contraband in war." by Mohandas K. Gandhi (vol 1 ch 268 Non-Violence in Peace and War 1942); "For morality life is a war, and the service of the highest is a sort of cosmic patriotism which also calls for volunteers." by William James ("Circumscription of the Topic", The Varieties of Religious Experience 1902); "Our whole life is startlingly moral. There is never an instant's truce between virtue and vice. Goodness is the only investment that never fails. ... the laws of the universe are not indifferent, but are forever on the side of the most sensitive. Listen to every zephyr for some reproof, for it is surely there, and he is unfortunate who does not hear it." by Henry David Thoreau (Walden 1854); "Of all the habits and dispositions which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports." by George Washington (Farewell Address 17 Sep 1796); "The moral difference between a soldier and a civilian is that the soldier accepts personal responsibility for the safety of the body politic of which he is a member. The civilian does not." by Robert A. Heinlein; "Introspection is the price of morality, and morality is the price of civilization."] [v: synderesis / synteresis] [cf: debaucher/debauchee: one who has been seduced from duty or virtue; one who subverts or corrupts another's virtue]
MORALITY PLAY :
an allegorical dramatic form that was in vogue during the late medieval era, wherein the vices (ie: seven deadly sins) and the virtues (ie: seven cardinal virtues) were personified so that manifest good could be shown to triumph over encroaching evil. Developed from the ancient Greek and Roman hero tales, these portrayals presented the conflicts confronting people in their everyday lives, and established civilized solutions to common dilemmas. Some of the better known compositions include: Langland's Piers Plowman, Spenser's Faerie Queene, Dante's Divine Comedy, Dunbar's "The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis" in Fasternis Evin in Hell, Chaucer's "Parson's Tale" in The Canterbury Tales, Everyman, Mankind, The Castle of Perseverance, Lindsay's Ane Pleasant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis, Skelton's Magnyfycence, Bale's King John. [v: miracle play, No / Noh theatre]
MORAL VICTORY :
(forthcoming); see LAST STAND. [nb: an adage addressing the unanticipated consequences of "right" or "proper" action: "The breeze from the flutter of a butterfly's wings will create a storm in the next valley."; "Though the youth at last grows indifferent, the laws of the universe are not indifferent, but are forever on the side of the most sensitive. Listen to every zephyr for some reproof, for it is surely there, and he is unfortunate who does not hear it." by Henry David Thoreau; "Military power wins battles, but spiritual power wins wars." by George Catlett Marshall; "My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure." by Alfred Lord Tennyson; "What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?" by William Shakespeare; cf: BIG PICTURE, RIGHT STUFF]
MORAL WATERSHED :
a point of division or transition between morality and immorality, between rectitude and turpitude, especially when designating the last bastion of probity. [v: moral sense]
MORE HONORED IN THE BREACH THAN THE OBSERVANCE :
now meaning an admirable custom that's too often neglected, this catch-phrase has reversed its meaning since its inception, where it formerly identified deplorable practices that should be avoided or abandoned in favor of more enlightened mannerisms ... the reference is to celebrations that are so boorish that they detract from the achievements that prompted them. See CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES OF THE SERVICE, INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY, IF IT WEREN'T FOR THE HONOR OF THE THING, ESPRIT DE CORPS, TRADITION. [nb: "But to my mind, though I am native here And to the manner born, it is a custom More honored in the breach than the observance." by William Shakespeare, act 1 sc 4 Hamlet (1602)]
MORE THAN ONE WAY TO SKIN A CAT :
see CAT SKINNER. [cf: "There's more than one way to kill a cat than to choke it with cream." adage]
MORNING PRAYERS :
see OFFICER'S CALL (aka: "Captain's Call" on-board ships); compare EVENING PRAYERS.
MORNING REPORT :
the military considers the MORNING REPORT to be its most important form, hence it is designated Form 1, listing the status (ie: present, hospitalized, incarcerated, on leave, etc) of all assigned personnel, while the most common is Form 1049 for requests of all kinds to senior authority; such time-consuming FORMS and REPORTS were derisively called PAPER BULLETs during the American CIVIL WAR. Compare SWINE LOG; see FORM, 201 FILE, LOG, WAR DIARY. [nb: "If it isn't documented then it doesn't exist!"]
MORPHINE :
a narcotic alkaloid (C17H19NO3H2O) extracted from opium for use as a pain reliever and sedative; also called "morphia" and named after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams; when administered in the field (directly through clothing in an emergency), the empty SYRETTE was supposed to be attached to the patient's collar, with a capital letter 'M' marking (in grease pencil, blood, or iodine / thimerosal) his forehead, so that intake medicos would be aware of the field treatment when receiving the (often undocumented) casualty from the combat zone. [v: "First Aid for Soldiers" (FM 21-11 dtd 7 April 1943)]
MORRILL ACT :
a law providing for the distribution of public lands to the states with the proviso that at least one college in each state be dedicated to the study of agricultural and industrial arts; introduced by Justin S. Morrill, this bill was vetoed by James Buchanan in 1859 before being signed into law by Abraham Lincoln in 1862. Educational funding for these schools was augmented by the 1887 Hatch Act, and 69 land-grant colleges were established by this legislation. Also known as the Land-Grant College Act, this law provides for the training of citizen soldiers under the Reserve Officer's Training Corps (ROTC).
MORRIS DANCE :
a corruption of "Moors' dance" from which the traditional military cotillion derives; see WITH BELLS ON.
MORSE CODE :
an arbitrary alphanumeric system of short and long sounds or flashes, separated by spaces, that's used to signal messages; also known as "Morse's alphabet" or "telegrapher's signs". [nb: in standardizing the transmission speed of the International Code, the following relationships exist between the elements: 1) the "dit" (dot) is the basic unit of length; 2) the "dah" (dash) is equal in length to three dits; 3) the space (pause) between dits and dahs within a character (letter) is equal to one dit; 4) the space between characters (letters) in a word is equal to three dits; 5) the space between words is equal to seven dits. (TM-11-459/TO 31-3-16 - Sept 1957) Operator transmission speed rating, measured in words-per-minute (WPM), is established by counting the number of times the 5-letter word 'PARIS' is sent in one minute] See CW, EOT, GA, HAND, II, ROGER, SOS, RADIO, SALTING, TWX, ALDIS LAMP, HELIOGRAPH, WIGWAG / WIGWAGGER, TAP CODE, NIGHT WRITING, BAMBOO TELEGRAPH. [v: Alphabet Codes & Signal Flags ] [nb: in 1832, Samuel F.B. Morse was intrigued by the idea, propounded by André Marie Ampère, of transmitting code electrically, so set about developing it with the aid of Leonard Gale, Joseph Henry, and Alfred Vail; the first message ("successful experiment with telegraph") was sent on 4 Sept 1837, and was patented on 20 June 1840 with the demonstration test message: "What hath God wrought"] [nb: the original American Morse Code included pauses within some letters, but in 1920 the simplified International Morse Code (aka: Continental Code) eliminated them, and changed some letter patterns (11 letters, 9 numbers, and punctuation)]
MORTAR :
81mm mortar
a large bore, muzzle-loading, indirect high-angle fire weapon, with either a rifled- or SMOOTHBORE short-barreled cannon, and usually of shorter range than a HOWITZER that a skilled crew can discharge every 4-6 seconds; including the 60mm (M-224) ranging to 2000m, the 81mm (M-29, M-252, M-291) ranging to 3500m, and the 4.2-inch (M-30) ranging to 6000m. MORTAR is abbreviated "mtr", and is also called "vest-pocket artillery", "mortie", STOVEPIPE, and PISS TUBE. See FOUR DEUCE, PETARD, BARBETTE, CREW-SERVED WEAPONS, LOADER, SHOT OUT, FDC, FIRE MISSION, MONEY SHOT, HIGH ANGLE HELL, IN-COMING, DANGER CLOSE, DEVIATION, DELIVERY ERROR, CEP, DISPERSION ERROR, HORIZONTAL ERROR, BIPOD, BASEPLATE, HANG FIRE, DONKEY DICK, NLOS-C, FIRE FINDER, APC, UP-GUN. [cf: bombard as the earliest type of indirect cannon launching stones, from "noise" (bomb) and "stone-throwing engine" (bombarda)] [v: ship mounted "carronade" ca1779] [nb: the surplus propellant from mortar and artillery fire can be ignited to sterilize the contents of a cesspool [eg: SLIT TRENCH, CAT HOLE], and thus maintain local sanitation]
MORTARMAN :
a combat arms soldier (11C) trained as a member of a crew to operate and maintain a MORTAR that will fire in support of platoon (PLT) or company (CO) operations, including bombs, illumination, or devices (eg: sensors, LIFELINEs, etc). See CREW-SERVED WEAPONS.
MORTUARY AFFAIRS :
covers the search for, recovery, identification, preparation, and disposition of remains of persons for whom the Armed Services are responsible by status and Executive Order. The joint Mortuary Affairs Office is a theater-level command responsible for planning, monitoring, and executing programs while maintaining pertinent data on the recovery, identification, and disposition of all US dead and missing in the assigned theater. See NOK, KIA, DOW, PERSONAL EFFECTS, KINFORMING, HUG SQUAD, GHOUL, BODY BAG, RICE KRISPIES, CRISPY CRITTER, FLOATER, CREATURE FEATURE, PICNIC, GRAVES REGISTRATION, BODY-SNATCHER, PRP, RECOVERY, CIL, JPAC, LAID BY THE WALL, FUNERAL PACE, PALL, PALLBEARER, NATIONAL CEMETERY, BOX JOB, BONEYARD, GARDEN OF STONES, TOMB, CATAFALQUE, DAVY JONES'S LOCKER. [nb: funeral (disposal) versus funeral ritual (memorial); about a third of veteran burials in NATIONAL CEMETERYs are unattended, and veteran family burials are stacked in the same gravesite; while graveyards in America are relocated whenever the public requires the space (eminent domain), the gravesites in European cemeteries have long been exchanged for replacement occupancy, sometimes stacked, sometimes vacated; mortuary options include: (burial) decomposition, (immolation) cremation, (predatory) digestion, (transplant/dissection) medical research,(lime) water reduction, in line (ph neutral) composting, or freezedry pulverization] [nb: although the immolation of a corpse on a pyre was used in ancient Europe (eg: Vikings, Greeks) and is a Hindu tradition, cremation was not employed as a method of corpse disposal in America until 1874, but is now the preferred mode, with cremains either scattered or vaulted in a columbarium; the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not regulate crematoria, because the public does not want the reduction of human remains to be treated like the disposal of "solid waste" (incinerators are regulated by the Clean Air Act)]
MOS :
Military Occupational Specialty; the military job designation for one's duty assignment or job title. The process of induction begins with a mental and physical assessment, and supplemental training will augment each person's service. To qualify for promotion, a serviceman usually had to do the job, to get the rating, to get the pay. The basic MOS could be modified by prefix or suffix skill indicators (eg: ASI, SQI) to indicate further qualification. See PMOS, AIT, AFEES, RECEPTION STATION, MEPS, ASVAB, AFQT, AFGCT, Q-COURSE, OJT, CROSS-TRAINING, SHEEP-DIPPED, MIL-CRAFT, DOG TAG, BILLET, BERTH, DUTY, POST, ON STATION, WATCH, HARDSHIP TOUR, BUMFUCK, TDY / TAD, PCS. [nb: USAF term is Specialty Code (AFSC)] [nb: "War, by its very nature, is a time of meager fare and unusual occupations."]
MOSAIC MAP :
photos or illustrations pieced together from other elements to create a composite image, also called a "mosaic pattern map"; especially a "photomosaic" or "aerial mosaic", which is an assembly of aerial photographs matched in such a way as to show a continuous photographic representation of an area. See MAP, COMICS, COMPOSITE; compare TOPO, CHART.
MOSCOW MULE :
see MULE.
MOSQUITO :
designated the F-8 and called "The Wooden Wonder" or "The Timber Terror", this twin-engined (V-12 liquid-cooled 1710hp) military aircraft, with the pilot and navigator seated abreast, relied on speed (415mph at 28,000 alt) and agility (without defensive armaments) to act as a fighter-bomber, tactical bomber, intruder, photo-recon or pathfinder as used by the USAAF, RAF, RAAF, and other allied air forces from 1941 until 1956. It was developed as a prototype by the manufacturer, DeHavilland in Hertfordshire UK, to utilize available resources when metals were scarce, but the government was disinterested until the test flights proved its superior performance, being one of the fastest and most maneuverable aircraft of WWII, due to its balsa and birch plywood construction (44ft L by 54ft W by 17ft H). It proved to be the most effective fighter-bomber of WWII, and various models were equipped with machineguns, rockets, cannons, bombs, flares, chaff, and RADAR, giving rise to rumors of "cat-eyed" pilots with superior eyesight. Compare HORNET; see BIRD. Also, nickname of the North American T-6 Texan, being the liaison version of the AT-6 known as the OLD GROWLER. Also, any of numerous bloodsucking winged insects that transmit diseases (eg: MALARIA, BONE BREAK FEVER, YELLOW JACK, CHIKUNGUNYA), which is commonly called SKEETER; see BAR, FUO, HORSE PILL. [cf: gnat, midge, punkie, no-see-um]
MOSQUITO BAR :
(aka: insect bar) see BAR, NET. [nb: the word "canopy" originally meant net, as a gauze mosquito barrier; cf: sparver]
MOSQUITO FLEET :
mosquito boat
any group of small armed BOATs. Also, the assemblage of wooden hulled civilian BOATs (converted yachts) that have served as armed patrol boats during wartime; also known as "suicide fleet". See GUNNBOAT, PT BOAT, CUTTER, SWIFT BOAT, TANGO BOAT, ZIPPO BOAT, WARSHIP.
MOSQUITO SMILE :
slang for the sleeve RANK insignia of a Lance Corporal (LCPL) during the Vietnam-era showing one chevron (MOSQUITO WING) and one ROCKER (smile). See SWINE LOG, EM, RATING, GRADE, RANK; compare NCO.
MOSQUITO WING :
PFC
a single chevron of RANK representing a Private First Class (PFC) during the Vietnam-era, formerly an E-3 but now, since the elimination of the two SLICK SLEEVE ratings and the introduction of Lance Corporal (LCPL) RANK, an E-2 Private (PVT); so-called for seeming small and forlorn in its solitary state, and for the fact that there is usually a multitude whenever any single individual is found. See MOSQUITO SMILE, MATING MOSQUITOES, SWINE LOG, EM; compare NCO.
MOSS :
MObile Submarine Simulator, being a sonar DECOY (MK70) developed by Gould in 1976 and manufactured by Westinghouse through the mid-1990s; this 10" submersible (without an explosive warhead) was able to generate both an active SONAR echo and a passive sound SIGNATURE represented as extremely similar to that of the launching SUBMARINE, with the purpose of creating multiple targets, each with the same profile, whether for training or defense.
MOSSBACK :
reactionary; a person holding antiquated notions. Sometimes called "mossy horn", and derived from a reference to a large old fish or turtle. See OLD BREED, OLD SALT, SALTY DOG, SHELLBACK, DINOSAUR, MAVERICK, BROWN SHOE / BOOT, CONSERVATIVE, ANTI-FEDERALIST, SILENT MAJORITY. [nb: a pompous old reactionary, "Colonel Blimp", was a post-WWI cartoon character conjured by David Low that satirized resistance to progressive change]
MOTHBALL :
to inactivate something disused for preserved storage as a reserve; by extension of the protective storage process for textiles with balls of naphthalene or camphor; see BONEYARD, TOMB, DUMP, CANNIBALIZE; compare STANDBY. Also, to place an idea or plan in abeyance; removed from further consideration, suspend from implementation.
MOTHER ARMY :
see GREEN MACHINE.
MOTHER HEN :
slang for the leader (LDR) of a CHALK or STICK, who is functioning as a team, squad, or section leader to get "all the little chicks in a row"; properly known as the STICK COMMANDER or CHALK COMMANDER, which is independent of RANK. See HONCHO, TOP DOG, 10, MC, OVERSIGHT. [nb: a female unit commander is not called the OLD MAN nor "old lady", not "chieftain" nor "chieftess", not the HONCHO nor "honchette", not TOP DOG nor "top bitch", but is rather antonomastically identified by the generic "boss" or "boss lady", or by her designated NICKNAME or CODENAME; also see "GI Jane", "Jane Bond", "Acting Jane", "Swinging Dickless", "Dear Jane", SKIRT, ANGEL]
THE MOTHER-IN-LAW OF THE ARMY :
sardonic reference to Fort Leavenworth and its environs, due to its importance, both historically and in career development, from the fact that many families remained there while husbands were posted farther west during and after the period of westward expansion, and from all the Army daughters who made "good marriages" to bachelors with excellent prospects for promotion. See C&GS, JEDI KNIGHT, USDB, MONROE DOCTRINE, OFFICER'S WIFE, DISTAFF, PETTICOAT COMMAND, COW, THE DAUGHTER OF THE REGIMENT, RING THE BELL, DRAG, CLASS-B DEPENDENT, SLEEPING DICTIONARY, CAMPAIGN WIFE, SHACK-JOB. [nb: "You promised me my answer to-night." "Well, you can't have it, Ben," Helen said, "until you have fought the Yankees." "What heart will I have for fighting," he said, "if you give me no promise?" "I'll not be engaged to any man," she said, "until he has fought the Yankees. You distinguish yourself in the war, and then see what I'll have to say to you." "But suppose I don't come back at all!" exclaimed Ben. "Oh, then I'll acknowledge an engagement and be good to your mother – and wear mourning all the same – provided – your wounds are all in the front." Later, when Ben leaned out the window of his departing train, he whispered as she gazed up at him, "Can't I have the promise now, Helen?" "Yes!" Helen exclaimed. "Yes, Ben – dear Ben, I promise!" As the train cars gathered speed and rolled away, Helen turned an calmly announced to the others, "Girls, I'm engaged to Ben Shepard." "I'm engaged to half a dozen of them," said one. "That's nothing," said another, "I'm engaged to the whole regiment."]
MOTHER OF ALL :
a phrase most often associated with Saddam Hussein's threatened "mother of all battles" (APOCALYPSE) during the Persian Gulf War, but the expression exists as a comparison to precedence in numerous other phrases (eg: "The name, in its outer aspect, is the mother of all created things."; "The numeral one is the mother of all numbers."; "Vedanta is the mother of all philosophies."; "Philosophy is the mother of all science.") and not just in exaggerated allusions (eg: "the mother of all leaps" / ...explosions" / ...mountains") to great achievements, tremendous acts, or monumental things, including ridiculous assertions (eg: "the mother of all hangovers!"). See MOAB, MOAFU.
MOTHER OF SATAN :
white crystalline organic compounds [eg: acetone peroxide, tri-cyclic acetone peroxide (TCAP), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), tetrameric acetone peroxide, peroxyacetone] that are used explosively due to the ready availability and low cost of their precursors; although not readily soluble in water, they are susceptible to heat, friction, and shock, which instability is greatly altered by impurities, including their own oligomers, and they slowly sublime into larger unstable crystals at room temperature ... these are among the few high explosives not containing nitrogen, so can pass through scanners designed to detect nitrogenous compounds. Acetone peroxides, as bleaching agents, phenol synthesizers, and polymerization initiators, are common industrial by-products that can become hazardous when mishandled. See IED, APNC, BOOBY-TRAP, MINE, EXPLOSIVE.
MOTHER SHIP :
slang for a supply or maintenance ship (eg: TENDER) or delivery ship (eg: SUBMARINE) that provides combat support to other vessels; see SRV, MINISUB, PIGGYBACK, DUMP, NSD, DEPOT, GODOWN, PRE-POS, LOGISTICS. [cf: a large resupply submarine, called "Milch Cow", provided fuel, ammunition, and provisions to patrolling Nazi U-boats during WWII, enabling them to remain on station in their sector for extended periods]
MOTHER'S MILK :
a colloquialism for any precious possession, especially liquid sustenance (ie: oil or fuel, beer or liquor, coffee or water), from that essential foodstuff generated in a parturient woman's breasts for feeding to an infant; see POL, PETROL, HOOCH, BREW, MOONSHINE, JUICE, THE DRINK, IRISH SODA POP, SAIGON TEA, WASH, BUG JUICE, GI JOE, NUOC, GASPER, PIGTAIL, BUTT, FAG, SOLDIER'S BREAKFAST, CHEW, SNUFF.
MOTHER WEARS ARMY BOOTS :
see YOUR MOTHER WEARS COMBAT BOOTS.
MOTORIZED DANDRUFF :
slang for head lice; also called "cootie garage"; see COOTIE, GRAYBACK, CRAB, BEDBUG, COMFORT STATION.
MOTOR MOUTH :
someone who talks too much (if not incessantly) and works too little (v: HALF-ASSED), always trying to offer an excuse (v: NO EXCUSE) for substandard or failed performance instead of making the extra effort to accomplish the mission; a typically fast talking and glib TAP-DANCER using SMOKE 'n' MIRRORS. Compare SILENT INSOLENCE; see SCUTTLEBUTT, SHOOT THE SHIT, TALK TRASH, VERBAL DIARRHEA, BLOW SMOKE, WOOF, BAD-MOUTH, RUMOR, BACK CHANNEL.
MOTOR POOL :
a fleet of motor vehicles made available for temporary use by assigned military personnel. Also, the designated lot or yard where such military vehicles are parked and maintained; sometimes called "vehicle depot" or "motor park". See JEEP, HUMVEE, TRUCK, TRACK, TANK, DUCK/DUKW, GAMMA GOAT, CANNIBALIZE, PM, TANK PARK; compare BIRD FARM.
MOTTO :
(forthcoming); compare NICKNAME, CODENAME, COVER, PASSWORD, CALL-SIGN, BATTLE CRY, GUSTO, HOOAH, OORAH, GUNG-HO, ESPRIT DE CORPS, WETSU, DIEHARD, WAKE UP, TOAST, SIGNATURE, CREST, PATCH. [nb: the term 'slogan' is derived from the Scottish words ('sluagh' + 'gairm') meaning "army cry" or "war cry"; cf: misnomer "slughorn"] [nb: Imperial Japanese "banzai" (ten-thousand years; not "bonsai" gardening) similar to Chinese "wàn-sue"] [cf: warison; v: clarion call] [nb: the "thin red line" was applied to the British ("Redcoats") in the Crimean War because they did not form into a defensive square when engaged, making their line weak, which impugned their military prowess; likewise, the Scottish bagpipers accompanying British troops in WWI were labeled "ladies from hell" for wearing kilts into battle while playing an instrument instead of carrying a weapon ... each attribution was initially offensive, but both were later adopted as proud distinctions] [v: mottoes and nicknames of military units ; Names of Foreigners or Foes ]
MOUNTAIN :
nickname for Xa Dao Tru (geo: 21 31 39N 105 31 52E; UTM: 48QWJ55008040), site of major NVN prison camp for captive allied population; also known as [nb: some names only refer to sections within this prison] Mountain Retreat, K.77 or K.71, D.1, Vinh Quang B, Vinh Ninh, Duong Ke. Dates US POWs present: 24 Aug 68 to 25 Nov 70. Located about 60 kilometers northwest of Hanoi, this camp was dismantled after the war. The Ministry of Public Security apparently ran this camp until LTC Ben Purcell escaped, but the military seemingly assumed camp administration afterwards. USAF Captain Robert N. Daughtrey, who was captured on 02 Aug 65 after his F105 went down in NVN, called this site "Camp D.1", because this legend appeared on the building in which he was detained; however "D.1" could be an abbreviation for "Doanh Trai No. 1", meaning "Barracks No. 1". Captain Daughtrey recalled that the American POWs from this camp were moved to the CITADEL / PLANTATION (17 Pho Ly Nam De) about two days after the American raid on SON TAY in November 1970. See POW.
MOUNTAINEER :
10th Mtn Div
a person skilled in mountaineering; able to conduct military operations in the severe climate and rugged terrain of various uplands. The Mountain Warfare training course is a challenging two-week program conducted under tactical conditions at Camp Ethan Allen in Jericho Vermont. The Mountain Warfare school develops and conducts resident training under both summer and winter conditions, emphasizing survival and mobility techniques. The WWII Mountain and Winter Warfare Board commenced training in 1942 at Fort Lewis (Mount Rainier and Mount Bryce), in 1943 at Elkins Maneuver Area (Seneca Rocks), and in 1943 at Camp Hale (Aspen, Vail, Mount Albert, Sawatch Range). The volunteers who formed the 10th Mountain Division (officially activated August 1943) received training in skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, tobogganing, and climbing with related snow shovel, ice axe, and rope work. Their infantry and recon elements were augmented by heavy weapons, including 81mm mortar and 75mm pack howitzer. The Mountain and Winter Warfare Board was assisted by members of the Sierra Club in developing specialized equipment, including boots, mummy-style sleeping bags, mountain stoves and rations, a rucksack that converted skis into a toboggan, and the first operational snowmobile (IRON DOG). The mountaineering phase of both RANGER and SPECIAL FORCES qualification has been conducted in some sector of the Appalachian range since their inception, with only occasional treks to more rugged or severe or higher ranges, to "real mountains". See RAPPEL, BELAY, SNAP-LINK, BIGHT, KNOT, LINE, ROPE, ROPE BRIDGE, TYROLEAN TRAVERSE, SNOWSHOE, BUNNY BOOTS, MICKEY MOUSE BOOTS, X-C, OSV, WEASEL, CAT-TRAIN, LRRP-RATIONS; compare WINTER WARRIOR, NWTC, MWS, MWTC, JUNGLE EXPERT. [v: Climbing Terms ]
MOUNTAIN TENT :
(forthcoming); experimental waterproof neoprene tent developed for alpine operations during WWII was uncomfortable and unhealthy for occupancy see TENT
MOUNTED INFANTRY :
also called "mounted rifles"; see MECH, BLUELEG, INF, DOZER INFANTRY, DRAGOON, PONY SOLDIER, LONG KNIFE, YELLOWLEG, CAV, ACR, AIR CAV, AIR ASSAULT, AIRMOBILE, HELIBORNE.
MOURNING BAND :
a black-colored cloth or ribbon (crepe) displayed as a symbol of grief or sorrow, mourning or lamentation for a period after a loved one's death; may be coincident with flying the flag at HALF-MAST. Wear is restricted to individual display on CLASS-A and dressier uniforms for personal (not unit) expressions of grief for only the period lasting from the time of death to the funeral or memorial; such MOURNING BANDs were intermittently conspicuous on all uniforms during the American CIVIL WAR. See YELLOW RIBBON.
MOUSE EARS :
slang for the oversized head-mounted hearing protection worn by aviation support personnel who work around idling aircraft on the APRON or RUNWAY; also called EARS.
MOUSE HOLE :
a one-man SPIDER HOLE situated in an urban area; see MOUT, FIBUA, HOUSEWARMING.
MOUSTACHE :
(mustache/mustachio) commonly called a "cookie duster", "soup strainer", "snot mop", "womb broom", or simply 'stache; which, by regulation in the modern era, could not extend beyond the fullest part of the upper-lip or below the corner of the mouth, so the drooping gunfighter and mandarin styles worn OFF-DUTY were waxed upwards into walrus and kaiser, bull's horn and handlebar style for duty display; see FACE FUZZ, RELAXED GROOMING STANDARDS. [v: Zapata-style, Daliesque, Hitlerian toothbrush, etc]
MOUSY DUNG :
a play on words for Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong), also called "Chairman Mao" and the "Great Helmsman", who was then premier of Red China, as used by KOREAN WAR prisoners subjected to BRAINWASHING during their captivity; a clever homophone that represented the POW's opinion of their opposition: drab and timid (mousy) shit (dung), which is also spelled "mousey dung". See THE LITTLE RED BOOK, PAPER TIGER, CIVILIAN, PRC, CHICOM; compare UNCLE HO, UNCLE JOE, BUTCHER OF BAGHDAD, UNCLE SAM, VINEGAR JOE.
MOUT :
Military Operations in Urban Terrain; commonly called "urban combat" or "house-to-house fighting". See FIBUA, BREACHER, SQUAD, FIRE TEAM, STACK, WAY POINT, MOUSE HOLE, CORDON AND KNOCK, HOUSE CALL, HOUSEWARMING, KILL HOUSE.
MOVCON :
MOVement CONtrol; the command and control element for a convoy.
A MOVEABLE FEAST :
an ideal period of youthful discovery that may be experienced anywhere in the great variety of life's multitude; being a metaphor for joyous satisfaction or unbridled repletion, as is also expressed by "heyday", "salad days", or "halcyon days"; this expression was popularized during the Vietnam-era by Hemingway's usage: "If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast." ... this epigraph [from Papa Hemingway edited by A.E. Hotchner (1966)] headed the posthumously published collection of Hemingway's Paris memoirs. [cf: "The world's mine oyster, which I with sword will open." as boasted in The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare (1597)]
MOVE OUT :
the informal command used by a leader to commence or continue an operation; see CHARGE, SADDLE-UP, FOLLOW ME, WATCH MY SMOKE, STORM, JUMP-START, GOYA, HOOPLA, BATTAILOUS. [nb: "Anticipate enemy action and move quickly before the shooting starts, then keep moving once it's started, and don't take cover until the firing stops." anonymous]
MOVE OUT 'n' DRAW FIRE :
an injunction to stop dithering inconclusively (like a civilian) and take decisive action, even if it's dangerous; this admonition is also represented as "Get with the program!" and "Get off the dime!", and is often used to motivate indolent slackers and play-it-safe survivors. See CROSSROADS, PUSH COMES TO SHOVE, CUT THE GORDIAN KNOT, CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER, DON'T SWEAT THE SMALL STUFF, DON'T DO NOTHING, CLUTCH-UP, PING-PONG, KEEP A STIFF UPPER LIP, RISKY-SHIFT EFFECT, DOESN'T KNOW SHIT FROM SHINOLA, PIG LOOKING AT A WRISTWATCH, HOLLOW BUNNY, DRONE, BRASS EAR, EMPTY SUIT, DELEGATOR, CYA, MILICRAT, GOYA, HAUL-ASS, BUSTER, PULL PITCH, SCRAMBLE, JUICE, ASAP, PDQ, STAT, CHOGI, CHOP CHOP, RIKI TIK, FORTHWITH.
MOVERS 'n' SHAKERS :
see RING-KNOCKER, BOY'S CLUB, KHAKI MAFIA, RABBI, PATRON SAINT, SEA DADDY, RAINMAKER, THE UNHOLY TRINITY, MILICRAT, THE ESTABLISHMENT, CASTE, FAMILISM.
MOWING THE LAWN :
slang description of the typically repetitive search pattern used during surveillance or rescue operations by air or sea, whether by sight or by device, so as not to skip any of the designated area; like SENTRY duty, such grid-work repetition, also called "cutting the grass", becomes boring when extended over time, which increases the likelihood of missing the objective by inattention, even when supplemented by automation. Compare SWEEP; see SAR, SCREEN, GRASS.
MOXIE :
bold vigor and courage, fortitude and endurance; derived from the trademark for "Moxie Nerve Food", an invigorating temperance tonic widely sold as a refreshing beverage since 1876, being more popular than "CocaCola" until the Depression Era. See V-DEVICE, GUTS, ONIONS, BRAGGING RIGHTS, WATCH MY SMOKE, BITE THE BULLET, PAIN, SCAR, DIEHARD, BEARING, MACHO, HERO, SLOW MATCH, WINTER SOLDIER. [nb: "We also glory in tribulations, knowing that tribulations produce perseverance." Romans 5:3; "Grace under pressure." by Ernest M. Hemingway]
MOX NIX :
deliberate misspelling of the German expression ('es macht nichts') meaning "it doesn't matter"; and also used by post-WWII occupation troops to express 'no worries', in the manner of the "What me worry?" proposition posed by the cartoon character Alfred E. Newman. See LO AND BEHOLD, ATTENTION.
MOX NIX STICKS :
slang reference to the mechanical turn-signal indicators that lifted out of the door post in many economical foreign automobiles (eg: Fiat, Simca, Lancia, Renault, Peugeot, Citroën, English Ford, Austin, Austin-Healey, Morris, Hillman, Saab, Subaru, Opel, Volkswagen, etc) from the pre- to the post-WWII era; predating the electrical turn-signal indicator, this device (engaged and disengaged by a lever on the steering column) permitted the driver to signal a turn without steering with only one hand and without extending his arm outside the vehicle during inclement weather. Although too small to be as obvious as the driver's protruding arm, this clever device was soon displaced by signal lights, which automatically shut-off after completing the turn. The name for these turn-signals probably derives from the fact that they had to be mechanically disengaged after finishing the turn, so were often forgotten ... left out so that nobody knew when the signal was intentional or just an exposed oversight.
MOZAMBIQUE DRILL :
alternative designation for the practical shooting tactic called TRIPLE TAP (qv), wherein the controlled technique of rapid semi-automatic fire is used to effectively and positively terminate the opposing target; this referent derives from the close-quarters combat experience of Mike Rousseau, a Rhodesian mercenary fighting FRELIMO guerrillas in the Mozambican War of Independence, which LESSONS LEARNED were shared with Jeff Cooper, who formalized and disseminated them.
MP :
Military Police
Military Police, also known as SNOWDROP; while their official motto is "Assist, Protect, and Defend", their unofficial motto is "Kick Ass and Take Names!". See KATN, PM, AP, SP, QC, BATS 'n' HATS, CHIMPS, CID, OSI, NIS, FBI, CONSTABULARY, PROVOST GUARD. [aka: police, policeman, police officer, peace officer, sheriff, shrieve, bailiff, beadle, reeve, tipstaff, catchpole, marshal, lawman, patrolman, cop, bluecoat, copper, pig, narc, fuzz, bear / Smoky Bear, bull, flatfoot, heat, The Man, The Law, John Law, law dog, Deputy Dog, long arm of the law, state trooper, Texas Ranger, plainclothesman, inspector, gumshoe, dick, detective, constable, rookie, meter maid, security guard, square badge, nab, peeler, bobby, mountie, flic, gendarme, carabiniere, Cheka, Gestapo] [nb: a multi-generational lineage of police service is expressed by "tin in the blood", "tin blood", and "silver blood"; cf: GREEN BLOOD]
MPC :
MPC $1 (1964)
MPC $5 (1964)
Military Payment Certificate, or Military Payment Currency, also called FUNNY MONEY for its resemblance to gaming "play money"; a form of color-coded scrip [paper; not "script"] (also called "shinplaster") used by MIL-PERS stationed overseas during the period from WWII through the VIETNAM WAR, in lieu of American dollars (USD/US$), to help control inflation in the local economy. Technically known as "fiat money", it has no intrinsic value and is not convertible to any specie or commodity, being based only on the "trust" of the government. See CANDY, SLUSH FUND, CUMSHAW, SCROUNGE, MIDNIGHT REQUISITION, SPIRIT MONEY, BAD PAPER, BENSON SILK, CHARGE, CHIT, HARD TIMES TOKEN, LEGAL TENDER. [v: flying money, credit money, spirit money] Also, the abbreviation for Message Processing Center.
MPS :
Maritime Pre-positioning Ship, stocked with Roll-On / Roll-Off containerized military weapons and equipment to speed operational deployment; see PRE-POS, CONTAINERIZATION.
MR :
Military Region; being the redesignated regional Corps Tactical Zone (CTZ) areas: MR1 - MR4; see I CORPS, II CORPS, III CORPS, IV CORPS. Also, Memorandum for Record or Memorandum of Record; compare MFR, MEMCON; see TICKLER, SNOWFLAKE, RBI, PAPER BULLET, FORM, RAPPORTEUR, WHITE PAPER, REPORT, ANNEX, RED TAPE, 90-PAGE WONDER, FILE 13, CYA, PING-PONG, SHOOT YOURSELF IN THE FOOT. [v: dossier; cf: bout de papier, aide-memoire] [nb: "If it isn't documented then it doesn't exist!"]
MRAP :
Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected category of wheeled vehicles that're protected by an armored V-shaped hull to withstand improvised explosive devices (IED) and land mines while carrying personnel and cargo; this 2004 program includes versions of the COUGAR, BUFFALO, and CAIMAN, with some models configured for patrol and others as ambulances. MRAPs are scheduled to be superseded by the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) when it enters service in 2016, but will continue to be used until 2022, when the inventory of JLTVs will be sufficient to displace them. [nb: at 14-24 tons each, MRAPs are too heavy to cross more than 72% of bridges around the world, and their top-heavy profile makes them vulnerable to roll-over on the narrow crude roads prevalent in most countries]
MR. CLEAN / MISTER CLEAN :
the personification of a powerful GENIE (jinn) used as the advertising mascot for an all-purpose household cleaning product [Procter & Gamble (1958)], which archetype has come to symbolize a strong champion who obliterates immorality and evil; a superhero who rids society of its disgusting dirt and slimy filth. See STRAIGHT ARROW, FICTIONAL CHARACTER. [nb: because this cleanser was originally developed to remove grease and grime from ships, the original model was a well muscled sailor, tanned and dressed in white with an earring]
MRE :
MRE package
Meal Ready-to-Eat, also called "Meals Rejected by Everyone", "Meals Refusing to Exit", or "Meals Refused by the Enemy"; which apportionment replaced the three meals per day per person C-RATIONS with an MRE issue of four meals per day per person to obtain the same caloric value. This "new and improved" thermostabilized field food is neither "wet packed" (like C-RATIONS) nor "dry packed" (like LRRP-RATIONS), but is 'moist' packed in a microwavable package that includes a great deal of rubbish for pre-/postprandial disposal. Although microwave ovens are now available in many modern military vehicles, the MREs are not amenable to conventional heating from flame, mandating use of the chemical heat pack (if not eliminated during mission prep) or necessitating 'cold' consumption in remote or survival situations. Pre-operational field stripping typically reduces three MREs to the normal area of one MRE; a "sustainment pouch" holds three MREs, and can be mounted on belt or harness. Because most modern units are "light", "mobile", or "mechanized", the field troops find that the MRE diet is excessive, and many give away their extra rations to children and other needy civilians in their operational area. Compare HDR, FIRST-STRIKE RATION; see RATIONS. [nb: "We never repent having eaten too little." by Thomas Jefferson (1825)]
MRF :
MRF Mekong Delta
Mobile Riverine Force; sometimes called "BROWN WATER Navy". In 1968, a combined US Navy/Army command assembled to combat the Viet Cong forces in the Mekong Delta, involving 2nd Brigade 9th Infantry Division and River Assault Flotilla 1. See CCB, ALPHA BOAT, TANGO BOAT, SEALORDS; compare JUNK FORCE, NAG.
MRRF :
Mobile Road Reaction Force
MRUV :
Mine-Resistant Utility Vehicle, a smaller and lighter version of the wheeled Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicle with an armored V-hull that's designed for use in constricted urban areas (CAIMAN) or off-road patrolling (M-ATV).
MSC :
Medical Service Corps, the administrative department for medical combat service support; known by the Navy as the Medical Administration Office; see REGISTRAR. Also, abbreviation for Military Sealift Command; compare MAC.
MSEAADR :
Mainland SouthEast Asia Air Defense Region.
MSF :
Mobile Strike Force, also called MIKE FORCE or STRIKERS; operating under the Mobile Strike Force Command (MSFC). See MGF, CSF, SF, BLACKJACK; compare UNPFK.
MSG :
abbreviation for Master SerGeant, being the non-commissioned officer (NCO) grade (E-8) between Sergeant First Class (E-7) and Sergeant Major or Command Sergeant Major (E-9), and represented by three chevrons above three ROCKERs as sleeve rank insignia; formerly abbreviated "MSgt", this rank is rated equal to First Sergeant (1SG / FSG). See SARGE, BUCK, RIGHT ARM, FIRST SHIRT, TOP, NCO, SUPER GRADE, RATING, GRADE, RANK.
M-6 SCOUT :
see SCOUT, ASW, OVER 'n' UNDER. [cf: the LeMat revolver was a double-barreled nine-shot pistol that was developed by Jean A.F. LeMat, a New Orleans physician, in 1856 for close combat by naval and cavalrymen; chambered for .40 caliber and 18 gauge, it was preferred by Confederate generals J.E.B. Stuart and P.G.T. Beauregard]
M-16 RIFLE :
an assault rifle (AR) used by the military since the Vietnam-era; see BLACK MAGIC, WIDOW MAKER, OVER 'n' UNDER, POODLE SHOOTER, TUPPERWARE, AR-15, UP-GUN.
M-60 MG :
the 7.62mm machinegun; see NUMBER SIXTY, PIG, MG.
MSL :
Mean Sea Level, being the average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide, and used as a reference for elevations. Compare AGL; see G [gravity]. [cf: geoid]
MSOS :
Marine Special Operations School; established 27 June 2007 with the stated intent by USMC of becoming the premier Foreign Internal Defense (FID) and Unconventional Warfare (UW) university in the entire Special Operations Forces (SOF) community. Compare Joint Special Operations University at USSOC, SWS, SWC&S.
MSQ :
RADAR (qv).
MSR :
Military Supply Route; also "Main Supply Route"; see COMBAT LOADED, RED BALL, BLUE BALL, LOG; compare MLR.
MTB :
Motor Torpedo Boat; compare PT BOAT, GUNBOAT, MICKEY MOUSE BATTLESHIP; see BOAT.
M-3 TRENCH KNIFE :
see TRENCH KNIFE; compare BAYONET. [nb: "The Trench Knife M-3 has been developed to fill the need in modern warfare for hand-to-hand fighting. While designated for issue to soldiers not armed with the bayonet, it was especially designed for such shock units as parachute troops and rangers." U.S. Catalog of Standard Ordnance Items (1943)]
MTO :
abbreviation for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, being the WWII designation for the area encompassing Italy, Sicily, Greece, Crete, Turkey, and the Balkans; the MTO supplanted the North African Theater of Operations, US Army (NATOUSA); see ETO, NATO.
MTOE :
Modified Table of Organization and Equipment; see TO&E/TOE, TO, SPAGHETTI CHART.
MTR :
81mm mortar
abbreviation for MorTaR (qv), also called "vest-pocket artillery" and "mortie", but informally known as STOVEPIPE or PISS TUBE. Also, abbreviation for motor.
MTT :
Mobile Training Team, an advisory element operating within a district or region to improve defenses and enhance skills of local forces; often a TDY assignment. See MAT.
MTV :
(forthcoming); Medium Tactical Vehicle; compare LMTV, see TRUCK.
M-2 / MK2 KNIFE :
designation (Mark 2 / Mark II) for the clip-pointed, single-edged, bowie-style, fighting utility knife issued by the U.S. Navy from 1942 as a more practical replacement for the Mk1 / M-1 TRENCH KNIFE; the 1219C2 is commonly called a KABAR, regardless of manufacturer. [ie: USMC Mark 2 Knife, Fighting Utility; and U.S. Navy Utility Knife, Mark 2]
M-2 MG :
the Browning .50cal machinegun of blowback recoil operation with heavy-barrel (c1919); see FIFTY, MA DEUCE, QUAD 50, HEAVY MG.
M-203 :
see OVER 'n' UNDER; compare BLOOPER, THUMPER, MGL, DOVER DOG, BOFORS, DUSTER.
MTX :
Mountain Training eXercise, or simply MounTain eXercise; see MOUNTAINEER, WINTER WARRIOR, EXERCISE.
MUC :
1944 MUC
1947 MUC
Meritorious Unit Commendation, effective 1 Jan 1944 for combat related service; initially existed as a laurel wreath worn on the sleeve cuff, with subsequent awards designated by numerals within the wreath, but the award was redesigned in 1947 as a red ribbon framed by laurel leaves. Due to military procurement, there were so many of the sleeve-style awards remaining in inventory that the revised breast-style was not issued until 1967. The MUC is issued in an Army (red) version, in Navy / Marine Corps (blue, gold stripes) version, or in Coast Guard (blue, green, white stripes) version. The Army designates that UNIT CITATIONs (and foreign awards) shall be worn opposite individual decorations, but the Navy and Marine Corps integrate them in their order of precedence. Compare OUA, JMUA; see UNIT CITATION, GONG.
MUD :
slang for military coffee, also known as joe, sludge, washy, java, mocha, espresso, brew, black water, brown blood, boiler acid, battery acid, and nectar of the gods; see GI JOE. Also, the natural and normal operational environment of real soldiers; see GRUNT, SNUFFY, ATLAS; compare TOY SOLDIER, WHISKEY WARRIOR.
MUD DUCK :
slang for any shallow water sailor, including Marines and COASTIES; also known as a BROWN WATER SAILOR serving in the Mobile Riverine Force (MRF) or "Brown Water Navy". See JUNK FORCE, SEALORDS, NAG.
MUD-FOOT :
slang for infantryman; see GRUNT, SNUFFY, CRUNCHY, BOONIE RAT, DOUGHBOY, GI JOE.
MUD MOVER :
slang for any low-level attack aircraft providing close air support (CAS) to ground elements, such as A-6 INTRUDER or A-10 WARTHOG; also called "mud pounder" or GROUND POUNDER.
MUD ON YOUR BOOTS :
a suggestion to put theory into practice, to put concepts into action, to put ideas to the test of actuality, as in "Let's try it by getting a little mud on our boots." or "Go out and get some mud on your boots."; a recommendation (if not an admonition) to get out of the classroom and into the field, to get out of the office and into the dirt, to get off the parade field and into the mud!
MUDPUPPY :
slang for infantryman; see GRUNT, SNUFFY, CRUNCHY, BOONIE RAT, DOUGHBOY, GI JOE.
MUFF DIVER :
muff diver para
a mock qualification badge ironically presented to paratroopers for sexual performance, especially cunnilingus; badge depicts a fully exposed naked woman spread across Army or Marine parachutist's WINGS. A similar Navy or Air Force pilot's badge was "awarded" to BUSH PILOTS. See CHOWING DOWN, LOVE HANDLES, HEAD, HUMMER, DAISY CHAIN, HAT TRICK, WINGS, BIB, TRICK, BUTTERFLY, FUCK, DIDDLY, HOOKUP, CHURNING BUTTER, BOOM-BOOM, SHORT-TIME, SHACK-JOB. [nb: a "red wing" variant is "awarded" for performing cunnilingus during menstruation] [aka: 60, 69, oral sex, oral copulation, cunnilingus, cunny-delicious, rug / carpet muncher, eat / eating out, lickety-splitter, cunt licker, pussy eater, pussy chewer, cunt chomper, tongue 'n' groove, lip sucker, lick the cat, eat the beaver, taste tuna taco, go down / -on, pearl diver, deep dive, Aussie kiss (a French kiss down under)] [nb: 'lecher' derives from "to lick gluttonously"]
MUFTI :
civilian clothes worn by someone usually in uniform; the implication being that the clothes cannot hide the man, or that the man wears casual attire like a uniform would be worn. Origin obscure, but probably derived from the similarity of deportment between Muslim counselors and off-duty military officers. See DOG ROBBER, BEARING, CIVVIES, T-SHIRT, SKIVVIES, PARTY SUIT, FEATHERS, DRESS.
MUGR :
(mugger) Miniature Underwater Global positioning system Receiver; a waterproof tactical locator/plotter selectively issued to SEALs and other SOF elements; see GPS. [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]
MUHAMMADAN :
of or pertaining to Islam or the prophet Muhammad, as a follower or adherent thereof; a Muslim; see MUJ, SANDY, HAJJI, ALI BABA, SKINNY, STREET ARAB, BAD GUYS, ISLAMOFASCISM, INSURGENT, TERRORIST, ALLAH'S WAITING ROOM. [nb: the argument about the efficacy of discouraging Muslim fanatics by tainting them with pork (ie: bullets coated with lard, corpses sprinkled with pig's blood, body parts buried inside pig carcasses, corpses buried with pig entrails and offal) has been revived since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, claiming continuity with John J. "Blackjack" pershing's (restrained) treatment of the Moros on Mindanao (cf: Mount Dajo campaigns by Blackjack Pershing vs Leonard Wood), when the association should properly be made with the British in colonial India during the Sepoy Rebellion (aka: Indian Mutiny 1857-8) when the atrocities were profoundly savage; Muslims scorn these scare tactics, noting that the body of a martyr who dies for the faith is so pure that his body is exempt from the usual practices, and that his soul goes directly to paradise, regardless of any enemy mistreatment] [v: "It was Colonel Alexander Rodgers of the 6th Cavalry who accomplished by taking advantage of religious prejudice what the bayonets and Krags had been unable to accomplish (on Mindanao). Rodgers inaugurated a system of burying all dead juramentados in a common grave with the carcasses of slaughtered pigs. The Mohammedan religion forbids contact with pork; and this relatively simple device resulted in the withdrawal of juramentados to sections not containing a Rodgers. Other officers took up the principle, adding new refinements to make it additionally unattractive to the Moros. In some sections the Moro juramentado was beheaded after death and the head sewn inside the carcass of a pig. And so the rite of running juramentado, at least semi-religious in character, ceased to be in Sulu. The last cases of this religious mania occurred in the early decades of the (20th) century. The juramentados were replaced by the amucks ... who were simply homicidal maniacs with no religious significance attaching to their acts." Jungle Patrol: The Story of the Philippine Constabulary by Victor Hurley (E.P. Dutton, New York 1938)]
MUJ :
(mooge) contraction of Mujahideen / Mujahedin / Mujaheddin, being a Muslim GUERRILLA fighting in and around the region of Afghanistan; also called "The Muj", as derived from "one who wages jihad". This term is more descriptive than derogatory, with its usage dependent upon tone and context, and upon which side the MUJ is fighting; it should be noted that these fighters take credit for toppling the USSR as a religious triumph, while America is given credit for causing the collapse of Soviet communism by economic means. See GULF WAR, ABSURDISTAN, RAGHEAD, SANDY, HAJJI, STREET ARAB, LITTLE BROWN BROTHER, INDIG. [aka: camel jockey, camel cowboy, goat roper, snake charmer, carpet pilot, rug rider, sand flea, sand monkey, sand nigger, desert darky, dune coon, tarsh, ali baba, ahab, aladdin, habib, zalama, zol]
MULE :
Army mule mascot
a small, lightweight, low-profile, open-frame, four-wheel drive utility vehicle that was used in Vietnam to rapidly transport up to a ton of equipment, weapons, and men over difficult terrain; probably inspired by the "dune buggy", and developed before the later military imitations of the All Terrain Vehicle (ATV), namely the Light Surveillance Vehicle (LSV) and Fast Attack Vehicle (FAV). The MULE, designated M-274 half-ton truck, was operated by an opposed two-cylinder pull-cord (Tecumseh) engine, and could be propelled while the driver was prone. It could transport men and their equipment, or mount a 60mm mortar, a 90mm recoilless rifle, or 75mm pack howitzer. The MULE was withdrawn from inventory due to inadequate wheel and axle performance; the lack of protection for the driver and passengers compromised its function when later redesigned. Compare CHAPARRAL, GAMMA GOAT, IRON DOG. Also, Air Force slang for a towing tractor (tug) that's used to maneuver maintenance or cargo loads, and to move airplanes into and out of HANGARs or REVETMENTs; see PUSHBACK. Also, the sterile offspring of a female horse and a male donkey (as distinguished from 'hinny'); being the mascot of the U.S. Army that's traditionally maintained at West Point (USMA); see BULLDOG, GOAT, THE BIRD, BLACK DEVIL, MEAT MARKER. [nb: the "Black Knight" is the mascot of the U.S. Military Academy] [nb: although the mule has been designated as the Army mascot since 1899 (to counter the Navy goat), the first Army mascot mule to be named was "Mister Jackson" (after Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson) in 1936; others have included "Poncho" (or "Skippy"), "Hannibal I" (or "Bud"), "K.C. Mo", "Trotter", "Hannibal II" (or "Jack"), "Buckshot", "Spartacus" (or "Frosty"), "Ranger I", "Black Jack", "Traveler" (or "Dan"), "Trooper" (or "Ernie"), "Raider" (or "Joker"), "Ranger II" (or "George"), "General Scott" (or "Scotty"), "Ranger III" (or "Jack"), "Stryker" (or "Abe")] Also, a stubbornly determined person; someone mulish, headstrong, willful, obdurate, obstinate, intractable, or fractious; see HIDEBOUND, BRASSBOUND, BRASS EAR, HARD-SET. [nb: "Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass ...." Isaiah 48:4 KJV Bible] Also, a mixed drink made with vodka, ginger beer, and lime juice that's traditionally served over ice in a copper mug garnished with a slice of lime or a sprig of mint; also known as a "buck" or "Moscow mule", this cocktail was created during WWII to demonstrate solidarity with America's Russian allies, but after the onset of the COLD WAR, its popularity diminished, as did all vodka drinks; see BREW, HOOCH, GROG, JUICE, MOONSHINE, THE DRINK, HOIST, GUSTO.
MULTIPLE UTILITY BUILDING :
a modular arched-roof building, also known as a "Multiple Building", that could be expanded in both directions; sized 82' X 102' that could be extended in width by 61.5' increments and extended in length by 100' increments. According to the Multiple Building manual [National Steel Products], it was possible to add an endless number of segmented sections, since the design allowed for expansion in both directions. Using many of the same parts fabricated for the UTILITY BUILDING, it accomplished larger spans by introducing a rectilinear steel frame upon which arched roof segments were joined, one to the other, with low sloping valley gutters. The largest assemblage of Multiple Buildings was said to have been a 54,000-square-foot warehouse in Guam that was nicknamed the "Multiple Mae West". Compare STEELDROME, ELEPHANT HUT; see DEPOT, GODOWN, BLDG, BILLET. [v: British Nissen hut]
MULTIPRONG / MULTIPRONGED :
coined during the KOREAN WAR-era as a COMBINED ARMS tactic wherein separately projecting subdivisions coalesce upon the target, or several separate elements converge and coincide from different directions as a concentrated force upon the objective; see FORCE MAJEURE, compare FRONTAL ASSAULT. Also, a concept used figuratively to represent the approach of several points of view from different perspectives in systems analysis or problem solving; also represented as "multidisciplinary" or "heterodox".
MUM :
silenced or concealed, suppressed or quashed; see HUSH-HUSH, QT; compare CLASSIFIED, NEED TO KNOW. [nb: "hush-hush" and "mum" mean 'silent' (don't talk about it), rather than 'secret']
MUNITIONS :
Ordnance
war materials, weapons and ammunition; derived from fortify or defend. Ordnance is marked blue (mock, dummy) for training, and white (live) for "war shot". Emptied munitions' cases were often recycled or re-used, as in FORTIFICATION, BUNKER, REVETMENT, or SANDBAG. See AMMO, LINK AMMO, TRACER, COFRAM, HARDBALL, DUMDUM, HOT SHOT, CARTRIDGE, SHELL, CALIBER, BURSTING CHARGE, BEEHIVE, CANISTER, HE, HEAT, APHE, API, SABOT, WP, ICM, BOOBY-TRAP, HME, IED, EFP, MOLOTOV COCKTAIL, SOUP, COCKTAIL, TOE-POPPER, MINE, MCCM, CLAYMORE, GRENADE, FRAG, BLOOPER, RIFLE GRENADE, POP SMOKE, FUZE, FUSE, EXPLODER, TRIGGER, C-4, IRON BOMB, BUTTERFLY BOMB, BUNKER BUSTER, FAE, CBU, SUBMUNITION, GBU, LGB, JDAM, SNAKE, SNAKES 'n' NAPES, NAPALM, WMD, NUKE, BIG STUFF, HEAVY STUFF, STABALLOY, DU, STAND-OFF, FLAK, AIRBURST, DAISY CUTTER, COOK-OFF, WARHEAD, BRING SMOKE, LOCK 'n' LOAD, SILENCER, MAGAZINE / MAG, DRUM, BANDOLEER, MUSETTE, RACK, HARDPOINT, SUMP, DUMP, TOMB, BOMB FARM, CACHE, BB STACKER, HEAVY DROP, DROPMASTER, LOADMASTER, SHORT-SHOT, COLLATERAL DAMAGE, LETHAL RADIUS, EOD, UXO, DUD, ELDEST SON, CONTRABAND.
MURDER BOARD :
slang for a committee of questioners assembled to prepare a candidate for a qualification test; an informal review board that's been convened to scrutinize the qualifications of the candidate, exposing their deficiencies and delinquencies in hopes of preventing failure at the actual test. This preliminary panel prepares both enlisted and commissioned servicemembers for a rating. Originating in the military, these preparation panels are now widely used in academics and politics for their efficacy, with this descriptor based upon the severity of their questions and the detailed knowledge expected for approval. See BOARD, MIL-CRAFT, RATING, STRIKER, OJT, 3 R's, CROSS-TRAINING, MOS, PMOS; compare BAYONET, BAYONET SHEET, ARTICLE 32. [cf: oral comprehensives] [nb: not 'murder' as constituting a group ("murder of crows") but anything extremely difficult or unpleasant]
MURPHY's LAW :
any concise aphorism or succinct maxim, often representing some universal experience by an anonymous composer; often subdivided into variations (eg: Sarge's Corollary to MURPHY's LAW, or Doc's Contamination Theorem of MURPHY's LAW). Ostensibly derived from a fictitious bungling mechanic in the USN educational cartoons of 1950s; but actually originating with USAF Captain Edward A. Murphy Jr, who discovered that the deceleration gauges on Major John P. Stapp's rocket-sled test in December 1954 at Edwards AFB were installed wrong, and he proclaimed the first law: "if something can go wrong, it will" ["If there's more than one way to do a job, and one of those ways will end in disaster, then someone will do it that way."]. Over the next decade, MURPHY's Fundamental LAWs were created by scientists and engineers; but the VIETNAM WAR generated a new version: Murphy's Laws of Combat . Compare GREMLIN, BUG, PLAN B, SEAT OF THE PANTS, CATCH-22; see PARKINSON'S LAW, PETER PRINCIPLE, OCCAM'S RAZOR, LESSONS LEARNED. [v: "An order that can be misunderstood will be misunderstood." attributed to Helmut von Moltke] [cf: 'Finagle's Law' or 'Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives' has been rendered as "Anything that can go wrong, will." or "If something can go wrong, it will go wrong at the worst possible moment.", which is a generalized version of Murphy's Law, but is not eponymous ... 'finagle' (derived from renege) means to trick, scheme, manipulate, deceive, defraud, swindle, cheat] [cf: 'Hanlon's Razor' is a corollary of Finagle's Law, asserting "Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity." and has been alternatively stated "Never invoke conspiracy when ignorance and incompetence will adequately suffice, since conspiracy implies intelligence."] [v: graffiti, samizdat, pasquinade ... political jokes were called "tiny revolutions" by George Orwell] [v: "Murphy" by Samuel Beckett (1938)]
MUSETTE / MUSETTE BAG :
a small bag or satchel with a shoulder strap, used for medical or military sundries; also known as haversack. Until the grenadier's vest for the M-79 was developed, this bag was primarily used for carrying grenades and mines. Compare MED BAG, AWOL BAG, FLIGHT BAG, WAR BAG, DUFFEL BAG, BIVY. [nb: "rucksack" = back-sack; "knapsack" = bite/snap-up/eat, food sack; "kit-bag" = soldier's small bag/knapsack; "haversack" = single-strapped feed bag worn over one shoulder; musette = single-strapped small bag worn over one shoulder] [cf: bundle, bindle/bindlea, swag, bluey, dilly bag, tucker-bag, bag, pouch, tote, sack, traps, pack, grip, gripsack, overnighter, weekender, holdall, carpetbag, B-4 bag, suitcase, one-suiter, single-suiter, two-suiter, three-suiter, portmanteau, Gladstone bag, traveling case, garment bag, Val-Pack, luggage; v: "scrip" wayfarer's bag or wallet; "viaticum" traveler's money and necessities]
MUSHROOM :
KITD-FOHS
nickname for a pawn, tool, CAT'S-PAW, foil, stooge, or other clandestine operative, who was subject to NEED TO KNOW cutouts, being "kept in the dark and fed on horse shit" (KITD-FOHS), or "Watch 'em grow like MUSHROOMs when kept in the dark and fed a lot of shit!"; such is known as a "toadstool" in the Navy; see RUMOR, BRAVO SIERRA, BURY ONE'S HEAD IN THE SAND, SPOOK. [nb: mushroom is the general class of fleshy fungi, among which the toadstool is poisonous] Also, slang for a parabolic or round-top PARACHUTE. Also, slang for a civilian victim of COLLATERAL DAMAGE, so-called for their tendency to suddenly pop-up in TARGET areas thought to be vacant or clear of noncombatants; see CIVCAS, SOFT TARGET, SURGICAL STRIKE. [cf: "kindermorde" (slaughter of the innocent); nb: it is an irony of war that more civilians die during combat than do soldiers, sailors, and airmen; not just COLLATERAL DAMAGE from inadvertent propinquity, but due to starvation, disease, exposure and other mortal adversities]
MUSHROOM CLOUD :
a large mushroom-shaped cloud that forms rapidly from the smoke and debris dispersed into the atmosphere after an explosion, which shortly dissipates; this formation is especially characteristic of a nuclear explosion. See GENIE, DRAGON'S BREATH, FLASH BURN, NUKE, ZERO POINT, GROUND ZERO, MOAB, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK. [cf: pother]
MUSIC :
slang for RADAR jamming, BUG masking, or other ECM techniques, as "loud MUSIC" or "heavy MUSIC"; see NOISE, MIJI, FANFARE, CHAFF. Also, organized sound having the forms of rhythm, melody, harmony, and dynamics; see BEATERS 'n' BLEATERS, TOOTER, BUGLE CALL, TATTOO, SALUTE, RUFFLES 'n' FLOURISHES, REVEILLE, RETREAT, TAPS, NO-DOZE, FACE THE MUSIC. Also, any of the "normal" sounds of the conduct of military activity, including training and operations, such as sounding JODY CALLs, shooting MAIN-GUNs, firing RIFLEs or machineguns, detonating MINEs or EXPLOSIVEs, the rotor noise of flying CHOPPERs, the TRACK squeak of TANKs or SP artillery, the passage of CONVOYs, the CADENCE of footsteps MARCHing together, BUGLE CALL announcements ... any of the sounds that stir the heart of a WARRIOR ("That's music to my ears!") and "speak" to the lifestyle of uniformed MIL-PERS.
MUST :
Medical Unit Self-contained Transportable; also abbreviated "MUSCT"; see HOSPITAL.
MUSTANG :
originally any Naval Petty Officer advanced to commissioned officer RANK, as "promoted up through the hatch", but universally adopted for any commissioned officer having prior enlisted service, having been promoted by any means; see MAVERICK, UP THE HAWSEPIPE, BLUE BLOOD, COCKTAIL, OFFICER'S COUNTRY. Also, the North American P-51 fighter-bomber that succeeded the THUNDERBOLT, and was later designated F-51 / F-6 for close air support (CAS); compare TWIN MUSTANG, see BIRD.
MUSTER :
to summon, gather, collect, or assemble a military unit for inspection or duty, sometimes jocularly referred to as "cluster muster"; see FALL-IN / FALL-OUT, CALL TO THE COLORS, FOLLOW THE DRUM, RA, VOLUNTEER, TOTAL FORCE. Derived from show, display, demonstrate; related to "MUSTER roll" for roster, to "MUSTER out" for DISCHARGE, and to "pass MUSTER" for approval (used in the same sense of being found worthy as "cut the mustard"). [cf: warison; v: clarion call]
MUSTER DAY :
historically, the annual day for enrollment in the MILITIA of all able-bodied men, aged 18 to 45, according to a law established in 1792, remaining in effect until after the American CIVIL WAR.
MUTILATE / MUTILATION :
to disfigure or make imperfect by irreparably damaging or removing parts thereof, especially when permanently injuring the configuration of a person. Also, to deprive a person or other animal of a necessary or essential part, as by impairing or crippling; derived from 'cut off' or 'maim'. See MILLION DOLLAR WOUND, PROFILE, ZULU, WHOLE MAN. Also, made essentially defective or imperfect, as in the tactical result of sacrificing a part for the whole; see LAST STAND, SUICIDE SQUAD, DECOY, AUTOTOMY.
MUTINEER :
a soldier or sailor who rebels against duly constituted authority; that is, someone who commits MUTINY. See RIOT ACT, BATS 'n' HATS, CALL ON THE CARPET, PETITION, DRUMHEAD. [v: sedition, misprision, lese / lèse-majesté, barratry]
MUTINY :
an insurrection or rebellion, such as a takeover to overthrow a duly constituted authority; compare INSURGENCY, REVOLUTION, COUP D'ETAT, STRUGGLE, CONFLICT, TREASON. [v: sedition, misprision, lese / lèse-majesté, barratry] [cf: 1783 Newburgh conspiracy]
MUTT :
(forthcoming); acronym for the 4WD, quarter-ton, M-151 Military Utility Tactical Truck; see HUMVEE, GAMMA GOAT, DUCK/DUKW, FAV, ORV, MULE. [nb: in 1970, the M-151A2 revised the rear (semi-trailing arm) suspension, which improved safety and fast cornering, but also added combination turn signals and blackout lights to its reworked fenders]
MUTUAL ADMIRATION SOCIETY :
an informal syndicate setup to benefit its members; a form of the "self-promotion and mutual-protection league" or the "old-boy network"; see BOY'S CLUB, GOOD OLD BOY, RING-KNOCKER, KHAKI MAFIA, THE ESTABLISHMENT, BROWNIE / BROWN NOSE, VET / VETERAN, PROFESSIONAL VETERAN, MILICRAT, RHIP, FAST TRACK, TICKET-PUNCHER, VULCANIZE. [nb: every MILICRAT knows that the most dangerous people in the military are not HEROes, but are disgruntled MIL-PERS who are frustrated by MICKEY MOUSE and CHICKEN SHIT, by SNOW and RED TAPE, and having been passed over twice for promotion, are serving their terminal assignment, and because they are honorable men who have not STACKed ARMS, they know that there is nothing that the TICKET-PUNCHERs and RING-KNOCKERs of the KHAKI MAFIA can do to them!]
MUX :
MUltipleXor, also spelled "multiplexer"; being a transmitter, or system of transmission, that simultaneously sends two or more signals or messages over a single channel or circuit. Also, a stereoscopic device used in mapping that makes it possible to view pairs of aerial photographs in three dimensions.
MUZZLE :
the discharge end, or mouth, of a firearm, PISTOL, RIFLE, cannon, or gun; derived from snout. Many soldiers formed the habit of covering the MUZZLE of their RIFLES with a cap of 100 MPH TAPE, later replaced by a condom after the open-prong FLASH SUPPRESSOR on the AR-15/M-16 was modified, which helped to keep the RIFLE barrel clean and dry; and this "muzzle capping" unwittingly imitated the practice of soldiers in previous centuries who plugged (tampion) their gun barrels when not in use. See BORESIGHT, SUPPRESSOR, MUZZLE-BRAKE, BLANK ADAPTER, MG, SMG, MAIN-GUN, SILENCER. [nb: when condoms were requisitioned during WWII, the reason given was for muzzle capping of SMALL ARMS rather than prophylaxis] [nb: the 1795 Springfield Arsenal musket (smoothbore, flintlock, .69 caliber muzzleloader) was the first official shoulder-firearm to use standardized interchangeable parts] [v: Firearms Glossary ]
MUZZLE-BRAKE :
the modification, by porting or attachment, of a firearm barrel that reduces recoil, stabilizes rotation, and compensates for climb during discharge by deflecting the explosive exit of the propellent gases; also called a "recoil compensator" or simply "compensator". While a SMALL ARMS compensator will reduce muzzle climb during automatic fire, it greatly increases the muzzle flash and discharge report of the weapon. Although this deflector may superficially resemble (at least on SMALL ARMS) a FLASH SUPPRESSOR, its purpose is very different and its function is directional: sending the muzzle blast upwards on submachineguns (SMG) and RIFLEs, while porting the blast sideways (for improved viewing) on the MAIN-GUN of cannon and TANKs. Compare SILENCER. [v: "Cutts Compensator" on Thompson submachinegun]
MUZZLE-RING :
fixed bayonet
a circular opening inlet into the crossguard of a detachable BAYONET that fits over the MUZZLE or FLASH SUPPRESSOR of a RIFLE to enhance alignment and reinforcement of the KNIFE when attached to the mounting lug. [v: Knife Terms ; The Language of Swordplay ]
MWI :
Mountain Warfare Instructor, being the RED HATS cadre at the USMC Mountain Warfare Training Center (MWTC) located near Bridgeport California.
MWR :
Morale, Welfare, and Recreation; being those activities and facilities provided to servicemembers, retirees, and their families, sometimes subsidized with no charge to the user, but often at rates lower than commercial prices.
MWR LINE :
long-distance FONECON or E-MAIL provided to all unit members on a schedule at low charge (domestic) or no cost (overseas) as a perquisite of the subsidized Morale, Welfare, and Recreation program; see MAIL, TELEPHONE, SKYPE.
MWS :
Mountain Warfare School; conducts a challenging two-week program under tactical conditions at Camp Ethan Allen in Jericho Vermont; see MOUNTAINEER, WINTER WARRIOR.
MWTC :
Mountain Warfare Training Center, being the Marine Corps school for individuals and units undertaking cold weather operations in alpine terrain that's been situated northwest of Bridgeport (Toiyabe National Forest, California, south of Lake Tahoe in the Sierra Nevadas); this installation originated as the Cold Weather Battalion in 1951 for training replacements sent to the KOREAN WAR, with its role and doctrine expanded in 1963 to encompass high altitude and mountain warfare, then oriented to Norway and the northern flank of Europe, but lately as pre-deployment preparation for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan. Like the Army's RANGER school, students attending the USMC's MWTC begin with the Mountain Endurance Test on Training Day One: a five mile ruck run with 50lb pack completed within 75 minutes or less while wearing the camouflage uniform and boots, immediately followed by at least ten pull-ups, then finishing with a 30 foot rope climb. The MWTC offers training in leadership and management, survival and skillcrafts (eg: scout/sniper, ropework and rappelling, rock and ice, snow and avalanches, snowshoeing and skiing, vehicle operation, animal transport, high altitude cooking, cold weather medicine and rescue, navigation and hazards, etc), which facilities also include a gym, climbing wall, ski lift, airfield, displays, maneuver areas, and firing ranges. See RED HATS, MOUNTAINEER, WINTER WARRIOR. [v: Climbing Terms ]
MYSTERY MEAT :
any ground or smothered entree that's disguised to conceal its inferiority as a palatable foodstuff (eg: mock chicken, mock turtle soup, sea legs / surimi, Bombay duck, Welsh rabbit, golden buck). Also, dismissive reference to any unknown or unknowable entree/entrée, especially in a foreign cuisine or with wild game, including varmints and arthropods, amphibians and avifauna. See HARDTACK, RICE BALL, PITA, CAMEL BURGER, SANDWICH, BOXED NASTY, HORSE COCK, SLIDER, CRITTER FRITTER, CAVALRY STEAK, SPAM, MIDRATS, SLOP, GUT BOMB, WASH, WAD, IRON RATIONS, STONE SOUP, BEANS, CHOW, RATIONS. [cf: tube steak, cheese steak, minute steak, Swiss steak, Salisbury steak; v: porterhouse steak (ie: sirloin steak and New York strip steak), club steak, skirt steak, round steak, shell steak, T-bone steak, cube steak]
MYTH :
an invented story or fictitious person; as a contrivance, fabrication, fantasy, falsehood, tall tale, prevarication, canard, hearsay, anecdote, yarn, poseur, faker, pretender, fraud, imitator, sham, counterfeit, spurious, bogus, specious; see COUNT COUP, WAR STORY, CHITTY CHITTY BANG BANG, SEA STORY, TELL IT TO THE MARINES, TALK TRASH, SHOOT THE SHIT, MACHO, WHISKEY WARRIOR, TOY SOLDIER, WANNABE. [v: Myths of the Vietnam War ] Also, a belief or set of beliefs, often unproven or false, that have accrued around a person or people, institution or phenomenon, such as the "myth of moral authority", the "myth of intellectual superiority", or the "myth of sexual endowment"; see BEST AND BRIGHTEST, WHIZ KID, WISE MEN, MANDARIN, CZAR, POLITICIAN. Also, a traditional story, involving gods and heroes, that explains cultural beliefs and practices, natural objects and phenomena, supernatural forces and events; the underlying system of beliefs that are characteristic of a particular cultural group; also known as 'mythos', and collected into 'mythology', as derived from story (Greek 'word'). [nb: a LEGEND is usually concerned with a real person or event, which story is associated with a particular people and is believed to have some basis in fact; a MYTH is a purportedly historical story that attempts to explain some belief, practice, or phenomenon, with its characters being gods or heroes; a FABLE is a fictitious story that intends to teach a moral lesson, with its characters being anthropomorphized animals or magical creatures; cf: homily, allegory, parable, apologue, tale, folk tale, fairy tale] [nb: "Heroes are long remembered, but legends never die."; "The great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the clichés of our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought." by John F. Kennedy (11 June 1962); "From the perspective of our old age, the reckless adventures of our impetuous youth begin to take-on the aura of fantastic mythology!" paraphrase of Craig Johnson (2015)]
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