question
stringlengths 18
1.2k
| facts
stringlengths 44
500k
| answer
stringlengths 1
147
|
---|---|---|
The forerunner of the Meteorological Office, who in 1854 was appointed as Meteorological Statist to the Board of Trade? | Meteorology
Privacy & Advertising
Meteorology
Not to be confused with Metrology . For other uses of the root word “meteor”, see Meteor (disambiguation) . For the work by Aristotle, see Meteorology (Aristotle) .
Part of the nature series
Global warming (category) ·
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere . The study of meteorology dates back millennia , though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. It wasn’t until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and, more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved.
Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events that are explained by the science of meteorology. Meteorological phenomena are described and quantified by the variables of Earth’s atmosphere : temperature , air pressure , water vapor , mass flow , and the variations and interactions of those variables, and how they change over time. Different spatial scales are used to describe and predict weather on local, regional, and global levels.
Meteorology, climatology , atmospheric physics , and atmospheric chemistry are sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences . Meteorology and hydrology compose the interdisciplinary field of hydrometeorology . The interactions between Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans are part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production , transport, agriculture , and construction .
The word “meteorology” is from Greek μετέωρος metéōros “lofty; high (in the sky)” (from μετα- meta- “above” and ἀείρω aeiro “I lift up”) and -λογία -logia “-(o)logy”, i.e. “the study of things in the air”.
Contents
Parhelion (sundog) in Savoie
The beginnings of meteorology can be traced back to ancient India , [1] as the Upanishads contain serious discussion about the processes of cloud formation and rain and the seasonal cycles caused by the movement of Earth around the sun. Varāhamihira ‘s classical work Brihatsamhita, written about 500 AD, [1] provides clear evidence that a deep knowledge of atmospheric processes existed even in those times.
In 350 BC, Aristotle wrote Meteorology . [2] Aristotle is considered the founder of meteorology. [3] One of the most impressive achievements described in the Meteorology is the description of what is now known as the hydrologic cycle . [4]
The book De Mundo (composed before 250 BC or between 350 and 200 BC) noted [5]
If the flashing body is set on fire and rushes violently to the Earth it is called a thunderbolt; if it is only half of fire, but violent also and massive, it is called a meteor; if it is entirely free from fire, it is called a smoking bolt. They are all called ‘swooping bolts’ because they swoop down upon the Earth. Lightning is sometimes smoky, and is then called ‘smoldering lightning”; sometimes it darts quickly along, and is then said to be vivid. At other times, it travels in crooked lines, and is called forked lightning. When it swoops down upon some object it is called ‘swooping lightning’.
The Greek scientist Theophrastus compiled a book on weather forecasting, called the Book of Signs. The work of Theophrastus remained a dominant influence in the study of weather and in weather forecasting for nearly 2,000 years. [6] In 25 AD, Pomponius Mela , a geographer for the Roman Empire , formalized the climatic zone system. [7] According to Toufic Fahd, around the 9th century, Al-Dinawari wrote the Kitab al-Nabat (Book of Plants), in which he deals with the application of meteorology to agriculture during the Muslim Agricultural Revolution . He describes the meteorological character of the sky, the planets and constellations , the sun and moon , the lunar phases indicating seasons and rain, the anwa ( heavenly bodies of rain), and atmospheric phenomena such as winds, thunder, lightning, snow, floods, valleys, rivers, lakes. [8] [9]
Research of visual atmospheric phenomena
Twilight at Baker Beach
Ptolemy wrote on the atmospheric refraction of light in the context of astronomical observations. [10] In 1021, Alhazen showed that atmospheric refraction is also responsible for twilight ; he estimated that twilight begins when the sun is 19 degrees below the horizon , and also used a geometric determination based on this to estimate the maximum possible height of the Earth’s atmosphere as 52,000 passim (about 49 miles, or 79 km). [11]
St. Albert the Great was the first to propose that each drop of falling rain had the form of a small sphere, and that this form meant that the rainbow was produced by light interacting with each raindrop. [12] Roger Bacon was the first to calculate the angular size of the rainbow. He stated that a rainbow summit can not appear higher than 42 degrees above the horizon. [13] In the late 13th century and early 14th century, Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī and Theodoric of Freiberg were the first to give the correct explanations for the primary rainbow phenomenon. Theoderic went further and also explained the secondary rainbow. [14] In 1716, Edmund Halley suggested that aurorae are caused by “magnetic effluvia” moving along the Earth’s magnetic field lines.
Instruments and classification scales
A hemispherical cup anemometer
In 1441, King Sejong ‘s son, Prince Munjong, invented the first standardized rain gauge . These were sent throughout the Joseon Dynasty of Korea as an official tool to assess land taxes based upon a farmer’s potential harvest. In 1450, Leone Battista Alberti developed a swinging-plate anemometer , and was known as the first anemometer. [15] In 1607, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermoscope . In 1611, Johannes Kepler wrote the first scientific treatise on snow crystals: “Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (A New Year’s Gift of Hexagonal Snow)”. [16] In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli invented the mercury barometer . [15] In 1662, Sir Christopher Wren invented the mechanical, self-emptying, tipping bucket rain gauge. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit created a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. [17] In 1742, Anders Celsius , a Swedish astronomer, proposed the “centigrade” temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. [18] In 1783, the first hair hygrometer was demonstrated by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure . In 1802–1803, Luke Howard wrote On the Modification of Clouds, in which he assigns cloud types Latin names. [19] In 1806, Francis Beaufort introduced his system for classifying wind speeds . [20] Near the end of the 19th century the first cloud atlases were published, including the International Cloud Atlas , which has remained in print ever since. The April 1960 launch of the first successful weather satellite , TIROS-1 , marked the beginning of the age where weather information became available globally.
Atmospheric composition research
In 1648, Blaise Pascal rediscovered that atmospheric pressure decreases with height, and deduced that there is a vacuum above the atmosphere. [21] In 1738, Daniel Bernoulli published Hydrodynamics, initiating the Kinetic theory of gases and established the basic laws for the theory of gases. [22] In 1761, Joseph Black discovered that ice absorbs heat without changing its temperature when melting. In 1772, Black’s student Daniel Rutherford discovered nitrogen , which he called phlogisticated air, and together they developed the phlogiston theory . [23] In 1777, Antoine Lavoisier discovered oxygen and developed an explanation for combustion. [24] In 1783, in Lavoisier’s essay “Reflexions sur le phlogistique”, [25] he deprecates the phlogiston theory and proposes a caloric theory . [26] [27] In 1804, Sir John Leslie observed that a matte black surface radiates heat more effectively than a polished surface, suggesting the importance of black body radiation . In 1808, John Dalton defended caloric theory in A New System of Chemistry and described how it combines with matter, especially gases; he proposed that the heat capacity of gases varies inversely with atomic weight . In 1824, Sadi Carnot analyzed the efficiency of steam engines using caloric theory; he developed the notion of a reversible process and, in postulating that no such thing exists in nature, laid the foundation for the second law of thermodynamics .
Research into cyclones and air flow
General Circulation of the Earth’s Atmosphere: The westerlies and trade winds are part of the Earth’s atmospheric circulation
In 1494, Christopher Columbus experienced a tropical cyclone, which led to the first written European account of a hurricane. [28] In 1686, Edmund Halley presented a systematic study of the trade winds and monsoons and identified solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions. [29] In 1735, an ideal explanation of global circulation through study of the trade winds was written by George Hadley . [30] In 1743, when Benjamin Franklin was prevented from seeing a lunar eclipse by a hurricane , he decided that cyclones move in a contrary manner to the winds at their periphery. [31] Understanding the kinematics of how exactly the rotation of the Earth affects airflow was partial at first. Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis published a paper in 1835 on the energy yield of machines with rotating parts, such as waterwheels. [32] In 1856, William Ferrel proposed the existence of a circulation cell in the mid-latitudes, and the air within deflected by the Coriolis force resulting in the prevailing westerly winds. [33] Late in the 19th century, the motion of air masses along isobars was understood to be the result of the large-scale interaction of the pressure gradient force and the deflecting force. By 1912, this deflecting force was named the Coriolis effect. [34] Just after World War I, a group of meteorologists in Norway led by Vilhelm Bjerknes developed the Norwegian cyclone model that explains the generation, intensification and ultimate decay (the life cycle) of mid-latitude cyclones , and introduced the idea of fronts , that is, sharply defined boundaries between air masses . [35] The group included Carl-Gustaf Rossby (who was the first to explain the large scale atmospheric flow in terms of fluid dynamics ), Tor Bergeron (who first determined how rain forms) and Jacob Bjerknes .
Observation networks and weather forecasting
Cloud classification by altitude of occurrence
In 1654, Ferdinando II de Medici established the first weather observing network, that consisted of meteorological stations in Florence , Cutigliano , Vallombrosa , Bologna , Parma , Milan , Innsbruck , Osnabrück , Paris and Warsaw . The collected data were sent to Florence at regular time intervals. [36] In 1832, an electromagnetic telegraph was created by Baron Schilling . [37] The arrival of the electrical telegraph in 1837 afforded, for the first time, a practical method for quickly gathering surface weather observations from a wide area. [38] This data could be used to produce maps of the state of the atmosphere for a region near the Earth’s surface and to study how these states evolved through time. To make frequent weather forecasts based on these data required a reliable network of observations, but it was not until 1849 that the Smithsonian Institution began to establish an observation network across the United States under the leadership of Joseph Henry . [39] Similar observation networks were established in Europe at this time. The Reverend William Clement Ley was key in understanding of cirrus clouds and early understandings of Jet Streams . [40] Later after this Charles Kenneth Mackinnon Douglas known as ‘CKM’ Douglas read Ley’s papers after his death and carried on the early study of weather systems. [41] Nineteenth century researchers in meteorology were drawn from military or medical backgrounds, rather than trained as dedicated scientists. [42] In 1854, the United Kingdom government appointed Robert FitzRoy to the new office of Meteorological Statist to the Board of Trade with the task of gathering weather observations at sea. FitzRoy’s office became the United Kingdom Meteorological Office in 1854, the first national meteorological service in the world. The first daily weather forecasts made by FitzRoy’s Office were published in The Times newspaper in 1860. The following year a system was introduced of hoisting storm warning cones at principal ports when a gale was expected.
Over the next 50 years many countries established national meteorological services. The India Meteorological Department (1875) was established to follow tropical cyclone and monsoon . [43] The Finnish Meteorological Central Office (1881) was formed from part of Magnetic Observatory of Helsinki University . [44] Japan’s Tokyo Meteorological Observatory, the forerunner of the Japan Meteorological Agency , began constructing surface weather maps in 1883. [45] The United States Weather Bureau (1890) was established under the United States Department of Agriculture . The Australian Bureau of Meteorology (1906) was established by a Meteorology Act to unify existing state meteorological services. [46] [47]
Numerical weather prediction
A meteorologist at the console of the IBM 7090 in the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit. c. 1965
In 1904, Norwegian scientist Vilhelm Bjerknes first argued in his paper Weather Forecasting as a Problem in Mechanics and Physics that it should be possible to forecast weather from calculations based upon natural laws . [48] [49]
It was not until later in the 20th century that advances in the understanding of atmospheric physics led to the foundation of modern numerical weather prediction . In 1922, Lewis Fry Richardson published “Weather Prediction By Numerical Process”, [50] after finding notes and derivations he worked on as an ambulance driver in World War I. He described how small terms in the prognostic fluid dynamics equations that govern atmospheric flow could be neglected, and a numerical calculation scheme that could be devised to allow predictions. Richardson envisioned a large auditorium of thousands of people performing the calculations. However, the sheer number of calculations required was too large to complete without electronic computers, and the size of the grid and time steps used in the calculations led to unrealistic results. Though numerical analysis later found that this was due to numerical instability .
Starting in the 1950s, numerical forecasts with computers became feasible. [51] The first weather forecasts derived this way used barotropic (single-vertical-level) models, and could successfully predict the large-scale movement of midlatitude Rossby waves , that is, the pattern of atmospheric lows and highs . [52] In 1959, the UK Meteorological Office received its first computer, a Ferranti Mercury .
In the 1960s, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere was first observed and mathematically described by Edward Lorenz , founding the field of chaos theory . [53] These advances have led to the current use of ensemble forecasting in most major forecasting centers, to take into account uncertainty arising from the chaotic nature of the atmosphere. [54] Mathematical models used to predict the long term weather of the Earth ( Climate models ), have been developed that have a resolution today that are as coarse as the older weather prediction models. These climate models are used to investigate long-term climate shifts, such as what effects might be caused by human emission of greenhouse gases .
Meteorologists
Meteorologists are scientists who study meteorology. [55] The American Meteorological Society published and continually updates an authoritative electronic Meteorology Glossary. [56] Meteorologists work in government agencies , private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations , and in education . In the United States, meteorologists held about 9,400 jobs in 2009. [57]
Meteorologists are best known by the public for weather forecasting . Some radio and television weather forecasters are professional meteorologists, while others are reporters (weather specialist, weatherman, etc.) with no formal meteorological training. The American Meteorological Society and National Weather Association issue “Seals of Approval” to weather broadcasters who meet certain requirements.
Equipment
Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image.
Each science has its own unique sets of laboratory equipment. In the atmosphere, there are many things or qualities of the atmosphere that can be measured. Rain, which can be observed, or seen anywhere and anytime was one of the first atmospheric qualities measured historically. Also, two other accurately measured qualities are wind and humidity. Neither of these can be seen but can be felt. The devices to measure these three sprang up in the mid-15th century and were respectively the rain gauge , the anemometer, and the hygrometer. Many attempts had been made prior to the 15th century to construct adequate equipment to measure the many atmospheric variables. Many were faulty in some way or were simply not reliable. Even Aristotle noted this in some of his work; as the difficulty to measure the air.
Sets of surface measurements are important data to meteorologists. They give a snapshot of a variety of weather conditions at one single location and are usually at a weather station , a ship or a weather buoy . The measurements taken at a weather station can include any number of atmospheric observables. Usually, temperature, pressure , wind measurements, and humidity are the variables that are measured by a thermometer, barometer, anemometer, and hygrometer, respectively. [58] Professional stations may also include air quality sensors ( carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , methane , ozone , dust , and smoke ), ceilometer (cloud ceiling), falling precipitation sensor, flood sensor , lightning sensor , microphone ( explosions , sonic booms , thunder ), pyranometer / pyrheliometer / spectroradiometer (IR/Vis/UV photodiodes ), rain gauge / snow gauge , scintillation counter ( background radiation , fallout , radon ), seismometer ( earthquakes and tremors), transmissometer (visibility), and a GPS clock for data logging . Upper air data are of crucial importance for weather forecasting. The most widely used technique is launches of radiosondes . Supplementing the radiosondes a network of aircraft collection is organized by the World Meteorological Organization .
Remote sensing , as used in meteorology, is the concept of collecting data from remote weather events and subsequently producing weather information. The common types of remote sensing are Radar , Lidar , and satellites (or photogrammetry ). Each collects data about the atmosphere from a remote location and, usually, stores the data where the instrument is located. Radar and Lidar are not passive because both use EM radiation to illuminate a specific portion of the atmosphere. [59] Weather satellites along with more general-purpose Earth-observing satellites circling the earth at various altitudes have become an indispensable tool for studying a wide range of phenomena from forest fires to El Niño .
Spatial scales
The study of the atmosphere can be divided into distinct areas that depend on both time and spatial scales. At one extreme of this scale is climatology. In the timescales of hours to days, meteorology separates into micro-, meso-, and synoptic scale meteorology. Respectively, the geospatial size of each of these three scales relates directly with the appropriate timescale.
Other subclassifications are used to describe the unique, local, or broad effects within those subclasses.
Typical Scales of Atmospheric Motion Systems [60]
Type of motion
107
Microscale
Microscale meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena on a scale of about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) or less. Individual thunderstorms, clouds, and local turbulence caused by buildings and other obstacles (such as individual hills) are modeled on this scale. [61]
Mesoscale
Mesoscale meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena that has horizontal scales ranging from 1 km to 1000 km and a vertical scale that starts at the Earth’s surface and includes the atmospheric boundary layer, troposphere, tropopause , and the lower section of the stratosphere . Mesoscale timescales last from less than a day to weeks. The events typically of interest are thunderstorms , squall lines , fronts , precipitation bands in tropical and extratropical cyclones , and topographically generated weather systems such as mountain waves and sea and land breezes . [62]
Synoptic scale
NOAA : Synoptic scale weather analysis.
Synoptic scale meteorology predicts atmosperic changes at scales up to 1000 km and 105 sec (28 days), in time and space. At the synoptic scale, the Coriolis acceleration acting on moving air masses (outside of the tropics), plays a dominant role in predictions. The phenomena typically described by synoptic meteorology include events such as extratropical cyclones, baroclinic troughs and ridges, frontal zones , and to some extent jet streams . All of these are typically given on weather maps for a specific time. The minimum horizontal scale of synoptic phenomena is limited to the spacing between surface observation stations . [63]
Global scale
Annual mean sea surface temperatures.
Global scale meteorology is the study of weather patterns related to the transport of heat from the tropics to the poles . Very large scale oscillations are of importance at this scale. These oscillations have time periods typically on the order of months, such as the Madden–Julian oscillation , or years, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific decadal oscillation . Global scale meteorology pushes into the range of climatology. The traditional definition of climate is pushed into larger timescales and with the understanding of the longer time scale global oscillations, their effect on climate and weather disturbances can be included in the synoptic and mesoscale timescales predictions.
Numerical Weather Prediction is a main focus in understanding air–sea interaction, tropical meteorology, atmospheric predictability, and tropospheric/stratospheric processes. [64] The Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California, developed a global atmospheric model called Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). NOGAPS is run operationally at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center for the United States Military. Many other global atmospheric models are run by national meteorological agencies.
Some meteorological principles
Boundary layer meteorology
Boundary layer meteorology is the study of processes in the air layer directly above Earth’s surface, known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The effects of the surface – heating, cooling, and friction – cause turbulent mixing within the air layer. Significant movement of heat , matter , or momentum on time scales of less than a day are caused by turbulent motions. [65] Boundary layer meteorology includes the study of all types of surface–atmosphere boundary, including ocean, lake, urban land and non-urban land for the study of meteorology.
Dynamic meteorology
Dynamic meteorology generally focuses on the fluid dynamics of the atmosphere. The idea of air parcel is used to define the smallest element of the atmosphere, while ignoring the discrete molecular and chemical nature of the atmosphere. An air parcel is defined as a point in the fluid continuum of the atmosphere. The fundamental laws of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and motion are used to study the atmosphere. The physical quantities that characterize the state of the atmosphere are temperature, density, pressure, etc. These variables have unique values in the continuum. [66]
Applications
Weather forecasting
Forecast of surface pressures five days into the future for the north Pacific, North America, and north Atlantic Ocean
Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere at a future time and given location. Humans have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia and formally since at least the 19th century. [67] [68] Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how the atmosphere will evolve. [69]
Once an all-human endeavor based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure , current weather conditions, and sky condition, [70] [71] forecast models are now used to determine future conditions. Human input is still required to pick the best possible forecast model to base the forecast upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, teleconnections , knowledge of model performance, and knowledge of model biases. The chaotic nature of the atmosphere, the massive computational power required to solve the equations that describe the atmosphere, error involved in measuring the initial conditions, and an incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes mean that forecasts become less accurate as the difference in current time and the time for which the forecast is being made (the range of the forecast) increases. The use of ensembles and model consensus help narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome. [72] [73] [74]
There are a variety of end uses to weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property. [75] Forecasts based on temperature and precipitation are important to agriculture, [76] [77] [78] [79] and therefore to commodity traders within stock markets. Temperature forecasts are used by utility companies to estimate demand over coming days. [80] [81] [82] On an everyday basis, people use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day. Since outdoor activities are severely curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill , forecasts can be used to plan activities around these events, and to plan ahead and survive them.
Aviation meteorology
Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of weather on air traffic management . It is important for air crews to understand the implications of weather on their flight plan as well as their aircraft, as noted by the Aeronautical Information Manual : [83]
The effects of ice on aircraft are cumulative—thrust is reduced, drag increases, lift lessens, and weight increases. The results are an increase in stall speed and a deterioration of aircraft performance. In extreme cases, 2 to 3 inches of ice can form on the leading edge of the airfoil in less than 5 minutes. It takes but 1/2 inch of ice to reduce the lifting power of some aircraft by 50 percent and increases the frictional drag by an equal percentage. [84]
Agricultural meteorology
Meteorologists, soil scientists , agricultural hydrologists, and agronomists are persons concerned with studying the effects of weather and climate on plant distribution, crop yield , water-use efficiency, phenology of plant and animal development, and the energy balance of managed and natural ecosystems. Conversely, they are interested in the role of vegetation on climate and weather. [85]
Hydrometeorology
Hydrometeorology is the branch of meteorology that deals with the hydrologic cycle , the water budget, and the rainfall statistics of storms . [86] A hydrometeorologist prepares and issues forecasts of accumulating (quantitative) precipitation, heavy rain, heavy snow, and highlights areas with the potential for flash flooding. Typically the range of knowledge that is required overlaps with climatology, mesoscale and synoptic meteorology, and other geosciences. [87]
The multidisciplinary nature of the branch can result in technical challenges, since tools and solutions from each of the individual disciplines involved may behave slightly differently, be optimized for different hard- and software platforms and use different data formats. There are some initiatives – such as the DRIHM project [88] – that are trying to address this issue. [89]
Nuclear meteorology
Nuclear meteorology investigates the distribution of radioactive aerosols and gases in the atmosphere. [90]
Maritime meteorology
Maritime meteorology deals with air and wave forecasts for ships operating at sea. Organizations such as the Ocean Prediction Center , Honolulu National Weather Service forecast office, United Kingdom Met Office , and JMA prepare high seas forecasts for the world’s oceans.
Military meteorology
Military meteorology is the research and application of meteorology for military purposes. In the United States, the United States Navy ‘s Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command oversees meteorological efforts for the Navy and Marine Corps while the United States Air Force ‘s Air Force Weather Agency is responsible for the Air Force and Army .
Environmental meteorology
Environmental meteorology mainly analyzes industrial pollution dispersion physically and chemically based on meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind, and various weather conditions.
Renewable energy
Meteorology applications in renewable energy includes basic research, “exploration”, and potential mapping of wind power and solar radiation for wind and solar energy.
See also
“Meteorology Encyclopedia” . Central Weather Bureau.
External links
Please see weather forecasting for weather forecast sites.
Air Quality Meteorology – Online course that introduces the basic concepts of meteorology and air quality necessary to understand meteorological computer models. Written at a bachelor’s degree level.
The GLOBE Program – (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) An international environmental science and education program that links students, teachers, and the scientific research community in an effort to learn more about the environment through student data collection and observation.
Glossary of Meteorology – From the American Meteorological Society, an excellent reference of nomenclature, equations, and concepts for the more advanced reader.
| Robert FitzRoy |
In which US city is the independent broadcaster 'Peachtree TV'? | Explore Whipple Collections - Mapping Weather and Modern Meteorology
Explore Whipple Collections
Home » Meteorology » Mapping Weather
Mapping Weather and Modern Meteorology
Weather has important implications for trade, commerce and public activities. In the nineteenth century, ship wreckage not only lost valuable cargo but often the lives of its crew and passengers too, making forecasting and mapping weather patterns vital. In the twentieth century, the British Meteorological Office focused on how to improve forecasting for aviation, particularly during the Second World War. Early aircraft were particularly susceptible to wind, rain, and other forms of precipitation. After the War, advances in aviation technology continued to influence the activities of the Met. Office.
Image 1 Wh.5183.16. A hyterographic or rain map of Europe from Johnston's Physical Atlas (1849). Image © the Whipple Museum. .
Image 2 Wh.5183.8. A physical chart of the Indian Ocean showing the temperature of the water, the currents of the air and ocean, directions of the wind, as well as districts of hurricanes, regions of typhoons, and trade routes, from Johnston's Physical Atlas (1849). Image © the Whipple Museum .
Image 3 Wh.2695. A Skua meteorological rocketsonde commissioned by the British Meteorological Office, 1968. Image © the Whipple Museum .
Early Weather Mapping
In 1854, the Bristol Board of Trade established a meteorological department in order to reduce the number of shipwrecks and to improve navigation routes. Robert FitzRoy (1805-1865), who circumvented the globe with Charles Darwin on the second voyage of HMS Beagle, was appointed Meteorological Statist.
FitzRoy developed a system of forecasting storms based on barometric and cloud readings and implemented a network of storm-warning signals along the British coast. Weather maps greatly appealed to FitzRoy, who wanted to convey weather 'at a glace'. Francis Galton (1822-1911) produced several maps for FitzRoy that charted European weather over periods of months. In his Meteorographica (1863), Galton shared FitzRoy's approach to visualizing and representing meteorological phenomena. He wrote:
"When lists of observations are printed in line and column, they are in too crude a state for employment in weather investigations; after their contents have been sorted into Charts, it becomes possible to comprehend them; but it requires meteorographic Maps to make their meaning apparent at a glance." ( 1 )
Johnston's Physical Atlas
The geographer and cartographer Alexander Keith Johnston (1804-1871) produced his Physical Atlas in 1848, which mapped terrestrial physics, such as magnetic directions, as well as air currents, directions of the winds, trade routes, and districts of hurricanes, typhoons, and monsoons (Images 1 & 2).
Johnston's maps were based on the work of Heinrich Berghaus (1797-1884), a German geographer whose Physikalischer Atlas (1838-1848) was heavily influenced by Alexander von Humbolt's unified vision of Nature. Berghaus and Johnston had planned to produce an English volume of the atlas together, but it was Johnston who ended up realising the project.
This kind of 'at a glance' philosophy towards interpretations of weather continued to be championed by FitzRoy's successors at the Meteorological Office. In 1881, then Director Robert Scott (1833-1916) claimed that if out-stations "told us the appearance of the sky and landscape, in addition to sending up their instrumental readings" than the office would be better equipped to issue storm warnings.
Meteorological rocketsondes
After WWII, weather forecasts produced by the Meteorological Office began to be increasingly used for civil applications. During the 1950s, the Met Office produced specialised forecasts for pigeon races, seasonal forecasts for farmers, and predicted the likelihood of train disruption from ice on the conductor rail. In particular, problems and safety concerns in military and civil aviation determined a significant portion of the meteorological research conducted.
As aircraft were flown at increasingly higher elevations and for longer distances, understanding atmospheric conditions at these high altitudes was essential for the growing aviation industry. With the development of supersonic aircraft, some theorists originally believed that these planes could fly above the weather; however, it quickly became evident that meteorologists needed to better understand atmospheric conditions even in the upper stratosphere. During the 1950s and 1960s, rockets were developed to propel radiosondes 65km into the stratosphere to gather the required meteorological data.
The Whipple's Skua rocketsonde (Image 3) was launched at the South Uist site located in the Scottish Hebrides. Designed by Bristol Aerojet and R. P. E. Westcott, the meteorological rocket was five inches in diameter and employed a two-stage system.
At launch, the first section of the motor burned for 0.2 seconds and then separated from the main body when 20 metres above the ground. A second motor then burned for over half a minute and launched the rocketsonde 65km into the atmosphere. Just before the rocket began to drop back to Earth, a mechanism released the radiosonde fixed with a parachute.
On its descent, the radiosonde collected meteorological data. The Mullard Space Science Laboratory and The University College of Wales installed instruments to measure ion and electron densities on the re-designed Skua 2 radiosondes, which were launched in 1968. Between 1967 and 1980 more than 500 rockets were successfully deployed at the South Uist site.
References
F. Galton, Meteorographica, (1863), p. 3. ( Find in text ^ )
Allison Ksiazkiewicz
Allison Ksiazkiewicz, 'Mapping Weather and Modern Meteorology', Explore Whipple Collections, Whipple Museum of the History of Science, University of Cambridge, [http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/whipple/explore/meteorology/mappingweather/, accessed 18 January 2017]
| i don't know |
Who preceded Angela Merkel as Chancellor of Germany? | Who is Angela Merkel? - CNN.com
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has secured a third term in the office
Scientist-turned-politician came close to securing an absolute majority
Despite her popularity, she will have to govern at the head of a coalition
She is the first woman and the first former East German to take up the post
She may be unpopular in many of the troubled countries of the eurozone, but of Europe's leaders, Chancellor Angela Merkel is the one who managed to keep her sear throughout the crisis.
While voters in France, Spain, Italy and Greece her counterparts packing, Merkel has been reelected with one of the strongest mandates in the history of modern Germany.
As the leading figure in the fight against the region's financial crisis, Merkel is used to saying no.
She has blocked bailouts, rejected proposals, denied pleas and stood up to the rest of Europe. For her pains she has earned praise at home -- where she is nicknamed "Mutti" ("Mommy") -- and animosity abroad.
Photoshopped pictures of her with devil horns, or even worse, a Hitler-style moustache, became a regular feature during anti-austerity protests across Europe. She received threats and even a parcel bomb .
Opinion: Is Germany playing beggar-my-neighbor with the eurozone?
But Merkel, frequently dubbed Germany's "Iron Lady" and hailed as the country's answer to former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (a nickname she herself rejects firmly), isn't scared by the crowds.
She is the first woman to be elected German chancellor, and the first former East German to take up the post. She came second in the most recent Forbes Powerful People list , trailing just behind U.S. President Barack Obama.
Yet she is often attacked by her critics for being prone to indecision and cautious. So how did she become world's most powerful woman?
Merkel, 59, the daughter of a Protestant minister, was brought up in a little town in then-Communist East Germany. She trained as physicist before turning to politics as the spokesperson of former East Germany's opposition movement "Democratic Awakening" during the revolution.
She entered parliament in the first post-unification election, serving in various ministerial posts and as the leader of the opposition before she was finally elected chancellor in 2005.
Defterios: Style and substance of two leaders
Her rise to power has been governed by the same set of principles she enforced during the eurozone crisis: no shortcuts, no "big bazookas." Her way of doing things reflects her scientific background: systematic, analytical and step-by-step -- no surprises and definitely no extravagance.
JUST WATCHED
MUST WATCH
Merkel teaches German history at school 02:04
"If you say you are going to do something then you must do it," is her favourite maxim, according to her recently-published authorized biography -- a biography that admits Merkel's political profile is "almost dull."
Peer Steinbrueck: The man who stirred up German politics
Elsewhere in the Western world, such a "boring" approach to politics might not work. But commentators suggest her calm and methodical way of governing was precisely what Germans were looking for after several turbulent years under the extravagant Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder.
Her approach has worked so far: she was re-elected in 2009 and won her third term in the office, according to preliminary results released Monday.
And it is Merkel's popularity that pushed her party towards yet another election victory. It is no coincidence that most of the Christian Democrats' election posters featured a giant photo of Merkel and rather miniscule party logo. People are voting for "Angie," and not necessarily the CDU/CSU.
Germany's Schaeuble: Enthusiastic on campaign trail
In June's popularity rankings by Forsa Institute for German magazine Stern, Merkel ended up with the highest rank of all German political leaders, with 70% of voters saying they are satisfied with her work .
Despite her high profile, comparatively little is known about the Chancellor's private life. Her last name, now a political trademark, comes from her first husband Ulrich, whom she left, according to her biographies, almost overnight after four years of marriage.
Aides close to her say she never shouts. Instead, she turns to sarcasm. Her numerous biographies suggest she is a rather pragmatic boss, routinely getting rid of people she no longer needs.
She is terrified of dogs and horses, enjoys Wagner's operas, breaks in her weekend cottage, and watches football - she is known to be a keen fan of the German national side, often cheering on the team from the stadium.
Her second husband, Joachim Sauer, is a scientist who stays away from the cameras as much as possible. The couple has no children.
During Europe's debt crisis, she proved to be somewhat a reluctant leader, according to her biographer, Stefan Kornelius, who writes that she "did not seek the crisis, the crisis came to her."
Greece joining euro was a mistake: Merkel
She did not have a choice -- as the head of Europe's strongest economy, she was "catapulted into the leadership, constantly fending off the accusations that her sole aim is to make Europe more German," Kornelius says.
And while the likes of Jose Manuel Barroso or Herman van Rompuy are virtually unknown outside Europe, yet the Chancellor is instantly recognized.
Some of the most important negotiations about Europe's future took place not in Brussels, but in Berlin -- which earned her nicknames such as the "New Bismarck" or the "Queen of Europe." They are mostly a result of the German curse of power: first being asked to take action, then being accused of wanting to take over Europe.
Opinion: Angela Merkel's real nightmare
Angela Merkel is close to becoming the most successful female politician ever.
Besides political posts and academic titles, appraisals and international recognition, she has also had a Barbie modelled on her. The doll's message to girls? With determination and hard work they can become whatever they want. Just like Angela Merkel.
| Gerhard Schröder |
In which sport was Ivan Mauger (pron. Major) World Champion six times between 1968 and 1979? | The Astonishing Rise of Angela Merkel - The New Yorker
The astonishing rise of Angela Merkel, the most powerful woman in the world.
By
George Packer
Herlinde Koelbl has been photographing Merkel since 1991. Koelbl says that Merkel has always been “a bit awkward,” but “you could feel her strength at the beginning.”CreditPhotographs by Herlinde Koelbl / Agentur Focus / Contact Press Images
A summer afternoon at the Reichstag. Soft Berlin light filters down through the great glass dome, past tourists ascending the spiral ramp, and into the main hall of parliament. Half the members’ seats are empty. At the lectern, a short, slightly hunched figure in a fuchsia jacket, black slacks, and a helmet of no-color hair is reading a speech from a binder. Angela Merkel, the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany and the world’s most powerful woman, is making every effort not to be interesting.
“As the federal government, we have been carrying out a threefold policy since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis,” Merkel says, staring at the binder. Her delivery is toneless, as if she were trying to induce her audience into shifting its attention elsewhere. “Besides the first part of this triad, targeted support for Ukraine, is, second, the unceasing effort to find a diplomatic solution for the crisis in the dialogue with Russia.” For years, public speaking was visibly painful to Merkel, her hands a particular source of trouble; eventually, she learned to bring her fingertips together in a diamond shape over her stomach.
The Reichstag was constructed under Kaiser Wilhelm I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, in the eighteen-eighties, when a newly unified Germany was making its first rise to preëminence in Europe. Two days before the end of the First World War, with a Bolshevik revolution spreading across the country, a social-democratic politician interrupted his lunch inside the Reichstag, stood at a second-floor balcony, and declared the end of imperial Germany: “Long live the German republic!” The Reichstag was the turbulent seat of parliament through the Weimar era and into the start of Nazi rule, until, on the night of February 27, 1933, a suspicious fire broke out in the session chamber and nearly gutted the building. Germany’s new Chancellor, Adolf Hitler, rushed to the scene with his aide Joseph Goebbels and blamed the fire on the Communists, using the crisis to suspend civil liberties, crush the opposition, and consolidate all power into the Nazi Party. Parliament voted to render itself meaningless, and the Nazis never repaired the damaged building. At the end of the Second World War, the Soviets saw the Reichstag as the symbol of the Third Reich and made it a top target in the Battle for Berlin, laying heavy siege. A photograph of a Red Army soldier raising a Soviet flag amid the neoclassical statuary on the roof became the iconic image of German defeat.
During the Cold War, the Reichstag—its cupola wrecked, its walls bullet-pocked—was an abandoned relic in the no man’s land of central Berlin, just inside the British sector. The Wall, built in 1961, ran a few steps from the back of the building. A minimal renovation in the sixties kept out the elements, but the Reichstag was generally shunned until the Wall came down, in 1989. Then, at midnight on October 3, 1990, President Richard von Weizsäcker stood outside the Reichstag and announced to a crowd of a million people the reunification of Germany, in freedom and peace. Berlin became its capital.
For the next decade, until the Bundestag began convening there officially, the Reichstag was reconstructed in an earnestly debated, self-consciously symbolic manner that said as much about reunified Germany as its ruin had said about the totalitarian years. The magnificent dome, designed by Norman Foster, suggested transparency and openness. The famous words on the colonnaded entrance, “
DEM DEUTSCHEN VOLKE
” (“To the German People”)—fabricated out of melted-down French cannons from the Napoleonic Wars and affixed during the First World War—were preserved out of a sense of fidelity to history. But, after parliamentary argument, a German-American artist was commissioned to create a courtyard garden in which the more modest phrase “
DER BEVÖLKERUNG
”—“To the Populace,” without the nationalistic tone of the older motto—was laid out in white letters amid unruly plantings. During the Reichstag’s reconstruction, workers uncovered graffiti, in Cyrillic script, scrawled by Red Army soldiers on second-floor walls. After another debate, some of these were kept on display as historical reminders: soldiers’ names, “Moscow to Berlin 9/5/45,” even “I fuck Hitler in the ass.”
No other country memorializes its conquerors on the walls of its most important official building. Germany’s crimes were unique, and so is its way of reckoning with the history contained in the Reichstag. By integrating the slogans of victorious Russian soldiers into its parliament building, Germany shows that it has learned essential lessons from its past (ones that the Russians themselves missed). By confronting the twentieth century head on, Germans embrace a narrative of liberating themselves from the worst of their history. In Berlin, reminders are all around you. Get on the U-Bahn at Stadtmitte, between the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the Topography of Terror Gestapo museum, and glance up at the train’s video news ticker: “80 years ago today
PEN
Club-Berlin forced into exile.” Like a dedicated analysand, Germany has brought its past to the surface, endlessly discussed it, and accepted it, and this work of many years has freed the patient to lead a successful new life.
At the lectern, Merkel continues addressing parliament, recounting a meeting, in Brussels, of the Group of Seven, which has just expelled its eighth member, Russia, over the war in Ukraine. “We will be very persistent when it comes to enforcing freedom, justice, and self-determination on the European continent,” she says. “Our task is to protect Ukraine on its self-determined way, and to meet old-fashioned thinking about spheres of influence from the nineteenth and twentieth century with answers from the global twenty-first century.” Merkel has reached her rhetorical high point—signalled by a slowing of her monotone and a subtle hand gesture, fingers extended. To the non-German speaker, she could be reading out regulatory guidelines for the national rail system.
The Chancellor finishes to sustained applause and takes a seat behind the lectern, among her cabinet ministers. Merkel has lost weight—bedridden last winter after fracturing her pelvis in a cross-country-skiing accident, she gave up sausage sandwiches for chopped carrots and took off twenty pounds—and her slimmer face, with its sunken eyes and longer jowls, betrays her fatigue. She’s been Chancellor since 2005, having won a third term last September, with no challenger in sight.
After the Chancellor, it’s the turn of the opposition to speak—such as it is. The ruling coalition of Merkel’s Christian Democrats and the Social Democrats has eighty per cent of the seats in the Bundestag. The Greens, who did poorly in last year’s election, have had trouble distinguishing their agenda from Merkel’s, and often lend her support. On this day, the role of opposition is left to Die Linke, the leftist party of mostly former East German politicians, which has just ten per cent of parliament. Sahra Wagenknecht, an orthodox Marxist in a brilliant-red suit, steps behind the lectern and berates Merkel for her economic and foreign policies, which, she says, are bringing Fascism back to Europe. “We must stop abusing a highly dangerous, half-hegemonic position that Germany slid into, in the ruthless old German style,” Wagenknecht declares. She then cites the French historian Emmanuel Todd: “Unknowingly, the Germans are on their way to again take their role as bringers of calamity for the other European peoples, and later for themselves.”
Merkel ignores her. She’s laughing about something with her economics minister, Sigmar Gabriel, and her foreign minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, both Social Democrats. While Wagenknecht accuses the government of supporting Fascists in Kiev, Merkel gets up to chat with her ministers in the back row. She returns to her seat and rummages in an orange-red leather handbag that clashes with her jacket. When she glances up at Wagenknecht, it’s with a mixture of boredom and contempt.
“We’re finding that the ones we tested perfume and makeup on are extremely attractive to me.”
Buy a cartoon
The speaker ends her jeremiad, and the only people to clap are the members of Die Linke, isolated in the far-left section of the chamber. One by one, Social Democratic and Green parliamentarians come forward to defend Merkel. “How can you connect us Germans to Fascists?” Katrin Göring-Eckardt, a Green leader, asks, to applause. Another woman from Die Linke throws a quote of Bertolt Brecht at Göring-Eckardt: “Who does not know the truth is simply a fool, yet who knows the truth and calls it a lie is a criminal.” Göring-Eckardt is outraged. The vice-president of the Bundestag orders the woman from Die Linke to observe protocol. Merkel keeps ignoring the exchange, at one point turning her back, at another leaving the hall. Later, German news accounts will speak of high drama in the normally drowsy Bundestag, but Merkel’s body language tells the story: the drama has been provided by an insignificant minority. Chancellor Merkel has the parliament under control.
The historian Fritz Stern calls the era of reunification “Germany’s second chance”—a fresh opportunity to be Europe’s preëminent power, after the catastrophic period of aggression that began a century ago. Merkel seems perfectly matched to the demands of this second chance. In a country where passionate rhetoric and macho strutting led to ruin, her analytical detachment and lack of apparent ego are political strengths. On a continent where the fear of Germany is hardly dead, Merkel’s air of ordinariness makes a resurgent Germany seem less threatening. “Merkel has a character that suggests she’s one of us,” Göring-Eckardt told me. Germans call the Chancellor Mutti, or Mommy. The nickname was first applied by Merkel’s rivals in the Christian Democratic Union as an insult, and she didn’t like it, but after Mutti caught on with the public Merkel embraced it.
While most of Europe stagnates, Germany is an economic juggernaut, with low unemployment and a resilient manufacturing base. The ongoing monetary crisis of the euro zone has turned Germany, Europe’s largest creditor nation, into a regional superpower—one of Merkel’s biographers calls her “the Chancellor of Europe.” While America slides into ever-deeper inequality, Germany retains its middle class and a high level of social solidarity. Angry young protesters fill the public squares of countries around the world, but German crowds gather for outdoor concerts and beery World Cup celebrations. Now almost pacifist after its history of militarism, Germany has stayed out of most of the recent wars that have proved punishing and inconclusive for other Western countries. The latest E.U. elections, in May, saw parties on the far left and the far right grow more popular around the Continent, except in Germany, where the winners were the centrists whose bland faces—evoking economics professors and H.R. managers—smiled on campaign posters, none more ubiquitous than that of Merkel, who wasn’t even on the ballot. American politics is so polarized that Congress has virtually stopped functioning; the consensus in Germany is so stable that new laws pour forth from parliament while meaningful debate has almost disappeared.
“The German self-criticism and self-loathing are part of the success story—getting strong by hating yourself,” Mariam Lau, a political correspondent for the weekly newspaper Die Zeit, told me. “And Merkel had to reëducate herself, too. She’s part of the self-reëducation of Germany.”
Among German leaders, Merkel is a triple anomaly: a woman (divorced, remarried, no children), a scientist (quantum chemistry), and an Ossi (a product of East Germany). These qualities, though making her an outsider in German politics, also helped to propel her extraordinary rise. Yet some observers, attempting to explain her success, look everywhere but to Merkel herself. “There are some who say what should not be can’t really exist—that a woman from East Germany, who doesn’t have the typical qualities a politician should have, shouldn’t be in this position,” Göring-Eckardt, another woman from East Germany, said. “They don’t want to say she’s just a very good politician.” Throughout her career, Merkel has made older and more powerful politicians, almost all of them men, pay a high price for underestimating her.
Merkel was born in Hamburg, West Germany, in 1954. Her father, Horst Kasner, was an official in the Lutheran Church, one of the few institutions that continued operating in both Germanys after the postwar division of the country. Serious and demanding, he moved the family across the frontier just a few weeks after Angela’s birth—and against his wife’s wishes—to take up ecclesiastical duties in the German Democratic Republic. That year, almost two hundred thousand East Germans fled in the other direction. Kasner’s unusual decision led West German Church officials to call him “the red minister.” Joachim Gauck, a former East German pastor and dissident, who, in 2012, was elected Germany’s largely ceremonial President, once told a colleague that people in the Lutheran Church under Communism knew to stay away from Kasner, a member of the state-controlled Federation of Evangelical Pastors. By most accounts, Kasner’s motives were as much careerist as ideological.
Angela, the oldest of three children, was raised on the outskirts of Templin, a cobblestoned town in the pine forests of Brandenburg, north of Berlin. The Kasners lived in the seminary at Waldhof, a complex of around thirty buildings, many from the nineteenth century, belonging to the Lutheran Church. Waldhof was—and remains—home to several hundred physically and mentally disabled people, who learned trades and grew crops. Ulrich Schoeneich, who managed the estate in the eighties and knew the Kasners, described Waldhof under the East Germans as a grim place, with up to sixty men crammed into a single room, and no furniture except cots. Merkel once recalled seeing some residents strapped to benches, but she also said, “To grow up in the neighborhood of handicapped people was an important experience for me. I learned back then to treat them in a very normal way.”
Merkel’s upbringing in a Communist state was as normal as she could make it. “I never felt that the G.D.R. was my home country,” she told the German photographer Herlinde Koelbl, in 1991. “I have a relatively sunny spirit, and I always had the expectation that my path through life would be relatively sunny, no matter what happened. I have never allowed myself to be bitter. I always used the free room that the G.D.R. allowed me. . . . There was no shadow over my childhood. And later I acted in such a way that I would not have to live in constant conflict with the state.” During her first campaign for Chancellor, in 2005, she described her calculations more bluntly: “I decided that if the system became too terrible, I would have to try to escape. But if it wasn’t too bad then I wouldn’t lead my life in opposition to the system, because I was scared of the damage that would do to me.”
Being the daughter of a Protestant minister from the West carried both privileges and liabilities. The Kasners had two cars: the standard East German Trabant, an underpowered little box that has become the subject of kitschy Ostalgia, and a more luxurious Wartburg, their official church car. The family received clothes and food from relatives in Hamburg, as well as money in the form of “Forum checks,” convertible from Deutsche marks and valid in shops in large East Berlin hotels that sold Western consumer items. “They were élite,” Erika Benn, Merkel’s Russian teacher in Templin, said. But the Church retained enough independence from the state that the Kasners lived under constant suspicion, and during Angela’s childhood religious organizations came to be seen as agents of Western intelligence. In 1994, an official report on repression in East Germany concluded, “The country of Martin Luther was de-Christianized by the end of the G.D.R.”
Angela’s mother, Herlind, suffered the most in the family. An English teacher who imparted her passion for learning to Angela, Herlind wrote to the education authorities every year asking for a job, and every year she was told that nothing was available, even though English teachers were in desperately short supply. “She always felt oppressed by her husband,” Schoeneich, the Waldhof manager, told me.
“All right, buddy, that’ll be a ten-dollar corkage fee.”
Buy a cartoon
Angela was physically clumsy—she later called herself “a little movement idiot.” At the age of five, she could barely walk downhill without falling. “What a normal person knows automatically I had to first figure out mentally, followed by exhausting exercise,” she has said. According to Benn, as a teen-ager Merkel was never “bitchy” or flirtatious; she was uninterested in clothes, “always colorless,” and “her haircut was impossible—it looked like a pot over her head.” A former schoolmate once labelled her a member of the Club of the Unkissed. (The schoolmate, who became Templin’s police chief, nearly lost his job when the comment was published.) But Merkel was a brilliant, ferociously motivated student. A longtime political associate of Merkel’s traces her drive to those early years in Templin. “She decided, ‘O.K., you don’t fuck me? I will fuck you with my weapons,’ ” the political associate told me. “And those weapons were intelligence and will and power.”
When Angela was in the eighth grade, Benn recruited her for the Russian Club and coached her to compete in East Germany’s Russian-language Olympiad. During skits that the students practiced in the teacher’s tiny parlor, Benn had to exhort her star student to look up and smile while offering another student a glass of water in Russian: “Can’t you be a little more friendly?” Merkel won at every level, from schoolwide to countrywide, a feat that she managed three times, to the glory of Frau Benn, a Party member with small-town ambitions. In her tidy apartment in Templin, Benn, who is seventy-six, proudly showed me a victory certificate from 1969. “I have the Lenin bust in the cellar,” she said. Not long before Horst Kasner died, in 2011, he sent a newspaper clipping to a colleague of Benn’s, with a picture of Merkel standing next to Russia’s President, Vladimir Putin. To Benn’s delight, Putin was quoted expressing his admiration for the first world leader with whom he could converse in his mother tongue.
In 1970, an incident exposed the fragile standing of the bürgerlich Kasner family. At a local Party meeting, the Russian Club’s latest triumph was announced, and Benn expected praise. Instead, the schools supervisor observed acidly, “When the children of farmers and workers win, that will be something.” Benn burst into tears.
Merkel studied physics at Leipzig University and earned a doctorate in quantum chemistry in Berlin. She was allowed to pursue graduate studies, in no small part because she never ran afoul of the ruling party. Ulrich Schoeneich, who became Templin’s mayor after reunification, expressed bitterness to me that Merkel hasn’t been challenged much on her accommodation with the East German system. Schoeneich’s father, Harro, was also a Protestant minister, but, unlike Kasner, he openly dissented from the state. Ulrich Schoeneich refused to join the Free German Youth, the blue-shirted “fighting reserve” of the ruling party which the vast majority of East German teen-agers joined, including Angela Kasner, who participated well into adulthood. “Not just as a dead person in the files but as the officer responsible for agitation and propaganda,” Schoeneich told me, referring to a revelation in a controversial recent biography, “The First Life of Angela M.” He added, “I’m convinced that she could get her doctorate only because she was active in the Free German Youth, even in her postgraduate days. Most people say it was forced, but I demonstrated that you didn’t have to join it.” Merkel herself once admitted that her participation in the Free German Youth was “seventy per cent opportunism.”
Schoeneich wasn’t permitted to finish high school, and he spent much of his early life in the shadow cast by his family’s principled opposition. Angela Kasner had other ideas for her future, and became, at most, a passive opponent of the regime. Evelyn Roll, one of Merkel’s biographers, discovered a Stasi document, dated 1984, that was based on information provided by a friend of Merkel’s. It described Merkel as “very critical toward our state,” and went on, “Since its foundation, she was thrilled by the demands and actions of Solidarity in Poland. Although Angela views the leading role of the Soviet Union as that of a dictatorship which all other socialist countries obey, she is fascinated by the Russian language and the culture of the Soviet Union.”
Rainer Eppelmann, a courageous dissident clergyman under Communism, who got to know Merkel soon after the fall of the Wall, refuses to criticize her. “I don’t judge the ninety-five per cent,” he told me. “Most of them were whisperers. They never said what they thought, what they felt, what they were afraid of. Even today, we’re not completely aware what this did to people.” He added, “In order to be true to your hopes, your ambitions, your beliefs, your dreams, you had to be a hero twenty-four hours a day. And nobody can do this.”
After 1989, when the chance came to participate in democratic politics, these same qualities became useful to Merkel, in a new way. Eppelmann explained, “The whisperer might find it easier to learn in this new life, to wait and see, and not just burst out at once—to think things over before speaking. The whisperer thinks, How can I say this without damaging myself? The whisperer is somebody who might be compared to a chess player. And I have the impression that she thinks things over more carefully and is always a few moves ahead of her competitor.”
In 1977, at twenty-three, Angela married a physicist, Ulrich Merkel, but the union foundered quickly, and she left him in 1981. She spent the final moribund decade of the G.D.R. as a quantum chemist at the East German Academy of Sciences, a gloomy research facility, across from a Stasi barracks, in southeastern Berlin. She co-authored a paper titled “Vibrational Properties of Surface Hydroxyls: Nonempirical Model Calculations Including Anharmonicities.” She was the only woman in the theoretical-chemistry section—a keen observer of others, intensely curious about the world.
People who have followed her career point to Merkel’s scientific habit of mind as a key to her political success. “She is about the best analyst of any given situation that I could imagine,” a senior official in her government said. “She looks at various vectors, extrapolates, and says, ‘This is where I think it’s going.’ ” Trained to see the invisible world in terms of particles and waves, Merkel learned to approach problems methodically, drawing comparisons, running scenarios, weighing risks, anticipating reactions, and then, even after making a decision, letting it sit for a while before acting. She once told a story from her childhood of standing on a diving board for the full hour of a swimming lesson until, at the bell, she finally jumped.
Scientific detachment and caution under dictatorship can be complementary traits, and in Merkel’s case they were joined by the reticence, tinged with irony, of a woman navigating a man’s world. She once joked to the tabloid Bild Zeitung, with double-edged self-deprecation, “The men in the laboratory always had their hands on all the buttons at the same time. I couldn’t keep up with this, because I was thinking. And then things suddenly went ‘poof,’ and the equipment was destroyed.” Throughout her career, Merkel has made a virtue of biding her time and keeping her mouth shut.
“She’s not a woman of strong emotions,” Bernd Ulrich, the deputy editor of Die Zeit, said. “Too much emotion disturbs your reason. She watches politics like a scientist.” He called her “a learning machine.” Volker Schlöndorff, the director of “The Tin Drum” and other films, got to know Merkel in the years just after reunification. “Before you contradict her, you would think twice—she has the authority of somebody who knows that she’s right,” he said. “Once she has an opinion, it seems to be founded, whereas I tend to have opinions that I have to revise frequently.”
Every morning, Merkel took the S-Bahn to the Academy of Sciences from her apartment in Prenzlauer Berg, a bohemian neighborhood near the city center. For several stretches, her train ran parallel to the Wall, the rooftops of West Berlin almost in reach. Sometimes she commuted with a colleague, Michael Schindhelm. “You were confronted every day, from the morning on, with the absurdity of this city,” he told me. Schindhelm found Merkel to be the most serious researcher in the theoretical-chemistry section, frustrated by her lack of access to Western publications and scientists. Whenever her colleagues left the building to cheer the motorcade of a high-profile guest from the Communist world on its way from Schönefeld Airport, she stayed behind. “She really wanted to achieve something,” Schindhelm said. “Others just liked sitting in that comfortable niche while the country went down the drain.”
“You know how some writers are known as a ‘writer’s writer’? I’m what’s known as a driving instructor.”
Buy a cartoon
In 1984, Schindhelm and Merkel began sharing an office and, over Turkish coffee that she made, became close. They both had a fairly critical view of the East German state. Schindhelm had spent five years studying in the Soviet Union, and when news of Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroika policy seeped into East Germany, through West German television, Merkel questioned him about the potential for fundamental change. They both felt that the world on the other side of the Wall was more desirable than their own. (Years later, Schindhelm, who became a theatre and opera director, was revealed to have been coerced by the Stasi into serving as an informer, though he apparently never betrayed anyone.)
One day in 1985, Merkel showed up at the office with the text of a speech by the West German President, Richard von Weizsäcker, given on the fortieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Weizsäcker spoke with unprecedented honesty about Germany’s responsibility for the Holocaust and declared the country’s defeat a day of liberation. He expressed a belief that Germans, in facing their past, could redefine their identity and future. In the West, the speech became a landmark on the country’s return to civilization. But in East Germany, where ideology had twisted the history of the Third Reich beyond recognition, the speech was virtually unknown. Merkel had procured a rare copy through her connections in the Church, and she was deeply struck by it.
Being an East German meant retaining faith in the idea of Germany even though many West Germans, who needed it less, had given up on reunification. As East Germany decayed, its citizens had nothing else to hold on to, whereas Westerners had been taught to suppress feelings of nationhood. “People were really lacking identity—there was an enormous vacuum to making sense of your existence,” Schindhelm said. Merkel’s excitement about the speech showed that “she had a very particular passion for Germany as a country, its history and culture.”
The next year, Merkel was granted permission to travel to Hamburg for a cousin’s wedding. After riding the miraculously comfortable trains through West Germany, she returned to East Berlin convinced that the socialist system was doomed. “She came back very impressed, but she came back,” Schindhelm said. “She stayed not out of loyalty to the state but because she had her network there, her family.” Merkel, in her early thirties, was looking forward to 2014—when she would turn sixty, collect her state pension, and be allowed to travel to California.
Merkel’s second life began on the night of November 9, 1989. Instead of joining the delirious throngs pouring through the Wall, which had just been opened, she took her regular Thursday-evening sauna with a friend. Later, she crossed into the West with a crowd at the Bornholmer Strasse checkpoint, but instead of continuing with other Ossis to the upscale shopping district of Kurfürstendamm she returned home, in order to get up for work in the morning. Her actions on that momentous night have been ridiculed as a sign of banality and a lack of feeling. But, in the following months, no East German seized the new freedoms with more fervor than Merkel. Few irreducible principles have been evident in her political career, but one of them is the right to the pursuit of happiness. “There aren’t many feelings that she’s really into, but liberty and freedom are very important,” Göring-Eckardt, the Green leader, said. “And this is, of course, linked to the experience of growing up in a society where newspapers were censored, books were banned, travel was forbidden.”
A month after the Wall fell, Merkel visited the offices of a new political group called Democratic Awakening, which were near her apartment. “Can I help you?” she asked. She was soon put to work setting up the office computers, which had been donated by the West German government. She kept coming back, though at first hardly anyone noticed her. It was the kind of fluid moment when things happen quickly and chance and circumstance can make all the difference. In March, 1990, the leader of Democratic Awakening, Wolfgang Schnur, was exposed as a Stasi informer, and at an emergency board meeting Rainer Eppelmann, the dissident clergyman, was chosen to replace him. Merkel was asked to handle the noisy crowd of journalists outside the door, and she did it with such calm assurance that, after the East German elections that March, Eppelmann suggested Merkel as a spokesman for the country’s first and last democratically elected Prime Minister, Lothar de Maizière.
“She was fleissig—the opposite of lazy,” Eppelmann recalled. “She never put herself in the foreground. She understood that she had to do a job here and do it well, but not to be the chief. Lothar de Maizière was the chief.” De Maizière already had a spokesman, so Merkel became the deputy. “The No. 1 press speaker showed off while she did all the work,” Eppelmann said. In this way, she earned de Maizière’s trust, and he brought her with him on visits to foreign capitals. He once described Merkel as looking like “a typical G.D.R. scientist,” wearing “a baggy skirt and Jesus sandals and a cropped haircut.” After one foreign trip, he asked his office manager to take her clothes shopping.
In the early nineties, Volker Schlöndorff began attending monthly dinners with a small group that included Merkel and her partner, Joachim Sauer, another scientist. (They married in 1998.) Some participants were from the East, others from the West; at each meal, the host would narrate his or her upbringing, illuminating what life was like on one side of the divide. Schlöndorff found Merkel to be an earnest but witty conversation partner. One evening, at the extremely modest country house that Merkel and Sauer had built, near Templin, she and Schlöndorff went for a walk through the fields. “We spoke about Germany, what it is going to become,” Schlöndorff recalled. “I was trying irony and sarcasm, which didn’t take with her at all. It was as if she were saying, ‘Come on, be serious, matters not to be joked about.’ ”
Merkel’s decision to enter politics is the central mystery of an opaque life. She rarely speaks publicly about herself and has never explained her decision. It wasn’t a long-term career plan—like most Germans, she didn’t foresee the abrupt collapse of Communism and the opportunities it created. But when the moment came, and Merkel found herself single and childless in her mid-thirties—and laboring in an East German institution with no future—a woman of her ambition must have grasped that politics would be the most dynamic realm of the new Germany. And, as Schlöndorff dryly put it, “With a certain hesitation, she seized the day.”
Reunification really meant annexation of the East by the West, which required giving East Germans top government positions. Merkel’s gender and youth made her an especially appealing option. In October, 1990, she won a seat in the new Bundestag, in Bonn, the first capital of reunified Germany. She got herself introduced to Chancellor Helmut Kohl, and de Maizière suggested that Kohl bring her into his cabinet. To Merkel’s surprise, she was named minister of women and youth—a job, she admitted to a journalist, in which she had no interest. She wasn’t a feminist politician, nor was economic parity for the former East her cause. She had no political agenda at all. According to Karl Feldmeyer, the political correspondent for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, what drove Merkel was “her perfect instinct for power, which, for me, is the main characteristic of this politician.”
Kohl, then at his height as a statesman, presented Merkel to foreign dignitaries as a curiosity, belittling her by calling her “mein Mädchen”—his girl. She had to be taught how to use a credit card. Cabinet meetings were dominated by Kohl, and though Merkel was always well prepared, she seldom spoke. But inside her ministry Merkel was respected for her efficient absorption of information, and feared for her directness and temper. According to her biographer Evelyn Roll, she acquired the nickname Angie the Snake, and a reputation for accepting little criticism. When, in 1994, Merkel was given the environment portfolio, she quickly fired the ministry’s top civil servant after he suggested that she would need his help running things.
“Yes, but know it’s a recliner.”
Buy a cartoon
In 1991, Herlinde Koelbl, the photographer, began taking pictures of Merkel and other German politicians for a study called “Traces of Power.” Her idea was to see how life in the public eye changed them in the course of a decade. Most of the men, such as Gerhard Schröder, a Social Democrat who became Chancellor in 1998, and Joschka Fischer, who became his foreign minister, seemed to swell with self-importance. Merkel remained herself, Koelbl told me: “in her body language, a bit awkward.” But, she added, “You could feel her strength at the beginning.” In the first portrait, she has her chin slightly lowered and looks up at the camera—not exactly shy, but watchful. Subsequent pictures display growing confidence. During the sessions, Merkel was always in a hurry, never making small talk. “Schröder and Fischer, they are vain,” Koelbl said. “Merkel is not vain—still. And that helped her, because if you’re vain you are subjective. If you’re not vain, you are more objective.”
Democratic politics was a West German game, and Merkel had to learn how to play it in the methodical way that she had learned how to command her body as a “little movement idiot” of five. She became such an assiduous student that some colleagues from the former East found it unsettling. Petra Pau, a senior member of the Bundestag from Die Linke, once caught Merkel saying “we West Germans.” But what made Merkel a potentially transformative figure in German politics was that, below the surface, she didn’t belong. She joined the Christian Democratic Union after Democratic Awakening merged with it, ahead of the 1990 elections; the C.D.U. was more hospitable than the Social Democrats were to liberal-minded East Germans. But the C.D.U. was also a stodgy patriarchy whose base was in the Catholic south. “She never became mentally a part of the C.D.U., until now,” Feldmeyer, of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, said. “She is strange to everything in the Party. It is only a function of her power, nothing else.”
Alan Posener, of the conservative newspaper Die Welt, told me, “The things that motivate the heartland of the C.D.U. don’t mean a thing to her”—concerns about “working mothers, gay marriage, immigration, divorce.” The same was true of the transatlantic alliance with America, the cornerstone of West German security: Posener said that she studied its details in “the C.D.U. manual.” Michael Naumann, a book publisher and journalist who served as culture minister under Schröder, said, “Her attitude toward the United States is a learned attitude.” Dirk Kurbjuweit, a biographer of Merkel and a correspondent for Der Spiegel, said, “Merkel really is a friend of freedom, because she suffered under not being free in the G.D.R. But in the other way she’s a learned democrat—not a born democrat, like Americans.”
West German politicians of Merkel’s generation were shaped by the culture wars that followed the upheavals of 1968, which didn’t touch her at all. Over dinner one night in the mid-nineties, Merkel asked Schlöndorff, a former radical, to explain the violence perpetrated by the Baader-Meinhof Group. He told her that young people had needed to break with the authoritarian culture that had never been repudiated in West Germany after the defeat of the Nazis. The more he explained, the less Merkel seemed to sympathize—she wasn’t against authority, just the East German kind. What did kids in the West have to protest about? She didn’t always hide a feeling that West Germans were like spoiled children.
For all the catching up Merkel had to do in her political education, being East German gave her advantages: she had learned self-discipline, strength of will, and silence as essential tools. Feldmeyer said, “The G.D.R. shaped her in such an extreme and strong way as no one who grew up in the Federal Republic can imagine. Everything was a question of survival, and it was impossible to make errors if you wanted to succeed.”
Early in her career, Merkel hired a young C.D.U. worker named Beate Baumann to run her office. Baumann, who remains her most influential adviser, was the perfect No. 2—loyal, discreet to the vanishing point, and, according to some insiders, the only aide who addressed the boss with complete candor. “Baumann could not be a politician, and Merkel didn’t know the West,” Bernd Ulrich, of Die Zeit, who knows both women well, told me. “So Baumann was her interpreter for everything that was typically West German.” Fed up with Kohl’s smug bullying, the two women practiced a form of “invisible cruelty”: they played hardball but relished their victories privately, without celebrating in public and making unnecessary enemies. Their style, Ulrich said, is “not ‘House of Cards.’ ” On one rare occasion, Merkel bared her teeth. In 1996, during negotiations over a nuclear-waste law, Gerhard Schröder, two years away from becoming Chancellor, called her performance as environment minister “pitiful.” In her interview with Herlinde Koelbl that year, Merkel said, “I will put him in the corner, just like he did with me. I still need time, but one day the time will come for this, and I am already looking forward.” It took nine years for her to make good on the promise.
In 1998, amid a recession, Schröder defeated Kohl and became Chancellor. The next summer, Volker Schlöndorff, at a garden party outside his home, in Potsdam, introduced Merkel to a movie producer, half-jokingly calling her “Germany’s first female Chancellor.” Merkel shot Schlöndorff a look, as if he had called her bluff—How dare you?—which convinced him that she actually wanted the job. The producer, a C.D.U. member, was incredulous. Schlöndorff said, “These guys whose party had been in power forever could not imagine that a woman could be Chancellor—and from East Germany, no less.”
In November, 1999, the C.D.U. was engulfed by a campaign-finance scandal, with charges of undisclosed cash donations and secret bank accounts. Kohl and his successor as Party chairman, Wolfgang Schäuble, were both implicated, but Kohl was so revered that nobody in the Party dared to criticize him. Merkel, who had risen to secretary-general after the C.D.U.’s electoral defeat, saw opportunity. She telephoned Karl Feldmeyer. “I would like to give some comments to you in your newspaper,” she said.
“Do you know what you want to say?” Feldmeyer asked.
“I’ve written it down.”
Feldmeyer suggested that, instead of doing an interview, she publish an opinion piece. Five minutes later, a fax came through, and Feldmeyer read it with astonishment. Merkel, a relatively new figure in the C.D.U., was calling for the Party to break with its longtime leader. “The Party must learn to walk now and dare to engage in future battles with its political opponents without its old warhorse, as Kohl has often enjoyed calling himself,” Merkel wrote. “We who now have responsibility for the Party, and not so much Helmut Kohl, will decide how to approach the new era.” She published the piece without warning the tainted Schäuble, the Party chairman. In a gesture that mixed Protestant righteousness with ruthlessness, Kohl’s Mädchen was cutting herself off from her political father and gambling her career in a naked bid to supplant him. She succeeded. Within a few months, Merkel had been elected Party chairman. Kohl receded into history. “She put the knife in his back—and turned it twice,” Feldmeyer said. That was the moment when many Germans first became aware of Angela Merkel.
Years later, Michael Naumann sat next to Kohl at a dinner, and asked him, “Herr Kohl, what exactly does she want?”
“Power,” Kohl said, tersely. He told another friend that championing young Merkel had been the biggest mistake of his life. “I brought my killer,” Kohl said. “I put the snake on my arm.”
In 2002, Merkel found herself on the verge of losing a Party vote that would determine the C.D.U.’s candidate for Chancellor in elections that fall. She hastily arranged a breakfast with her rival, the Bavarian leader Edmund Stoiber, in his home town. Disciplined enough to control her own ambitions, Merkel told Stoiber that she was withdrawing in his favor. Schlöndorff sent her a note saying, in effect, “Smart move.” By averting a loss that would have damaged her future within the Party, Merkel ended up in a stronger position. Stoiber lost to Schröder, and Merkel went on to outmaneuver a series of male heavyweights from the West, waiting for them to make a mistake or eat one another up, before getting rid of each with a little shove.
Buy a cartoon
John Kornblum, a former U.S. Ambassador to Germany, who still lives in Berlin, said, “If you cross her, you end up dead. There’s nothing cushy about her. There’s a whole list of alpha males who thought they would get her out of the way, and they’re all now in other walks of life.” On Merkel’s fiftieth birthday, in 2004, a conservative politician named Michael Glos published a tribute:
Careful: unpretentiousness can be a weapon! . . . One of the secrets of the success of Angela Merkel is that she knows how to deal with vain men. She knows you shoot a mountain cock best when it’s courting a hen. Angela Merkel is a patient hunter of courting mountain cocks. With the patience of an angel, she waits for her moment.
German politics was entering a new era. As the country became more “normal,” it no longer needed domineering father figures as leaders. “Merkel was lucky to live in a period when macho was in decline,” Ulrich said. “The men didn’t notice and she did. She didn’t have to fight them—it was an aikido politics.” Ulrich added, “If she knows anything, she knows her macho. She has them for her cereal.” Merkel’s physical haplessness, combined with her emotional opacity, made it hard for her rivals to recognize the threat she posed. “She’s very difficult to know, and that is a reason for her success,” the longtime political associate said. “It seems she is not from this world. Psychologically, she gives everybody the feeling of ‘I will take care of you.’ ”
When Schröder called early elections in 2005, Merkel became the C.D.U.’s candidate for Chancellor. In the politics of macho, Schröder and Fischer—working-class street fighters who loved political argument and expensive wine, with seven ex-wives between them—were preëminent. The two men despised Merkel, and the sentiment was reciprocated. According to Dirk Kurbjuweit, of Der Spiegel, Schröder and Fischer sometimes laughed “like boys on the playground” when Merkel gave speeches in the Bundestag. In 2001, after photographs were published of Fischer assaulting a policeman as a young militant in the seventies, Merkel denounced him, saying that he would be unfit for public life until he “atoned”—a comment that many Germans found strident. During the 2005 campaign, Fischer said in private talks that Merkel was incapable of doing the job.
At the time, Schröder’s Social Democrats ruled in a coalition with the Greens, and the public had grown weary of prolonged economic stagnation. Through most of the campaign, the C.D.U. held a large lead, but the Social Democrats closed the gap, and on Election Night the two parties were virtually tied in the popular vote. Alan Posener, of Die Welt, saw Merkel that night at Party headquarters—she seemed deflated, flanked by C.D.U. politicians she had once disposed of, who didn’t conceal their glee. Merkel had made two near-fatal mistakes. First, just before the Iraq War—unpopular in Germany, and repudiated by Schröder—she had published an op-ed in the Washington Post titled “Schroeder Doesn’t Speak for All Germans,” in which she stopped just short of supporting war. “One more sentence for Bush and against Schröder, and she would not be Chancellor today,” Ulrich said. Second, many of her advisers were free-market proponents who advocated changes to the tax code and to labor policies which went far beyond what German voters would accept. After fifteen years, she still didn’t have a fingertip feel for public opinion.
On Election Night, Merkel, Schröder, Fischer, and other party leaders gathered in a TV studio to discuss the results. Merkel, looking shell-shocked and haggard, was almost mute. Schröder, his hair colored chestnut and combed neatly back, grinned mischievously and effectively declared himself the winner. “I will continue to be Chancellor,” he said. “Do you really believe that my party would take up an offer from Merkel to talk when she says she would like to become Chancellor? I think we should leave the church in the village”—that is, quit dreaming. Many viewers thought he was drunk. As Schröder continued to boast, Merkel slowly came to life, as if amused by the Chancellor’s performance. She seemed to realize that Schröder’s bluster had just saved her the Chancellorship. With a slight smile, she put Schröder in his place. “Plain and simple—you did not win today,” she said. Indeed, the C.D.U. had a very slim lead. “With a little time to think about it, even the Social Democrats will come to accept this as a reality. And I promise we will not turn the democratic rules upside down.”
Two months later, Merkel was sworn in as Germany’s first female Chancellor.
Those who know Merkel say that she is as lively and funny in private as she is publicly soporific—a split in self-presentation that she learned as a young East German. (Through her spokesman, Merkel, who gives few interviews—almost always to German publications, and all anodyne—declined to speak to me.) In off-the-record conversations with German journalists, she replays entire conversations with other world leaders, performing wicked imitations. Among her favorite targets have been Kohl, Putin, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, former Pope Benedict XVI, and Al Gore. (“Ah have to teach mah people,” she mimics, in a Prussian approximation of central Tennessee.) After one meeting with Nicolas Sarkozy, the French President, during the euro crisis, she told a group of journalists that Sarkozy’s foot had been nervously jiggling the entire time.
Schlöndorff once asked Merkel what she and other leaders discuss during photo ops. The Chancellor described one such moment with Dmitri Medvedev, who briefly interrupted Putin’s fifteen-year reign as Russia’s President. She and Medvedev were posing for the cameras in Sochi when, gesturing toward the Black Sea, she said, in the Russian she had learned from Frau Benn, “President Putin told me that every morning he swims a thousand metres out there. Do you do things like that?” Medvedev replied, “I swim fifteen hundred metres.” To Schlöndorff, the story showed that, “even when she is involved, she is never so totally involved that she could not observe the way people behave and be somehow amused by it.”
“She is a master of listening,” the longtime political associate said. “In a conversation, she speaks twenty per cent, you speak eighty per cent. She gives everybody the feeling ‘I want to hear what you have to say,’ but the truth is that her judgment is made within three minutes, and sometimes she thinks another eighteen minutes are wasted time. She is like a computer—‘Is this possible, what this man proposes?’ She’s able in a very quick time to realize if it’s fantasy.”
Nor is she above embarrassing her minions. Once, in a hotel room in Vienna, in the company of Chancellery aides and foreign-ministry officials, Merkel was telling comical stories of camping trips she’d taken as a student. Her aides fell over themselves laughing, until Merkel cut them short: “I’ve told you this before.” The aides insisted that they’d never heard the stories before, but it didn’t matter: Madame Chancellor was calling them sycophants. After last year’s elections, she met with the Social Democratic leader, Sigmar Gabriel, who is now her economics minister. Gabriel introduced Merkel to one of his aides, saying, “He’s been keeping an eye on me for the past few years. He makes sure I don’t do anything stupid in public.” Merkel shot back, “And sometimes it’s worked.”
“Schadenfreude is Merkel’s way of having fun,” Kurbjuweit said.
Throughout her Chancellorship, Merkel has stayed as close as possible to German public opinion. Posener said that, after nearly losing to Schröder, she told herself, “I’m going to be all things to all people.” Critics and supporters alike describe her as a gifted tactician without a larger vision. Kornblum, the former Ambassador, once asked a Merkel adviser about her long-term view. “The Chancellor’s long-term view is about two weeks,” the adviser replied. The pejorative most often used against her is “opportunist.” When I asked Katrin Göring-Eckardt, the Green leader, whether Merkel had any principles, she paused, then said, “She has a strong value of freedom, and everything else is negotiable.” (Other Germans added firm support for Israel to the list.)
“Wait for it.”
Buy a cartoon
“People say there’s no project, there’s no idea,” the senior official told me. “It’s just a zigzag of smart moves for nine years.” But, he added, “She would say that the times are not conducive to great visions.” Americans don’t like to think of our leaders as having no higher principles. We want at least a suggestion of the “vision thing”—George H. W. Bush’s derisive term, for which he was derided. But Germany remains so traumatized by the grand ideologies of its past that a politics of no ideas has a comforting allure.
The most daunting challenge of Merkel’s time in office has been the euro-zone crisis, which threatened to bring down economies across southern Europe and jeopardized the integrity of the euro. To Merkel, the crisis confirmed that grand visions can be dangerous. Kohl, who thought in historical terms, had tied Germany to a European currency without a political union that could make it work. “It’s now a machine from hell,” the senior official said. “She’s still trying to repair it.”
Merkel’s decisions during the crisis reflect the calculations of a politician more mindful of her constituency than of her place in history. When Greek debt was revealed to be at critical levels, she was slow to commit German taxpayers’ money to a bailout fund, and in 2011 she blocked a French and American proposal for coördinated European action. Germany had by far the strongest economy in Europe, with a manufacturing base and robust exports that benefitted from the weakening of the euro. Under Schröder, Germany had instituted reforms in labor and welfare policies that made the country more competitive, and Merkel arrived just in time to reap the benefit. Throughout the crisis, Merkel buried herself in the economic details and refused to get out in front of what German voters—who tended to regard the Greeks as spendthrift and lazy—would accept, even if delaying prolonged the ordeal and, at key moments from late 2011 through the summer of 2012, threatened the euro itself. The novelist and journalist Peter Schneider compared her to a driver in foggy weather: “You only see five metres, not one hundred metres, so it’s better you are very careful, you don’t say too much, you act from step to step. No vision at all.”
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, who was Germany’s defense minister between 2009 and 2011, said that Merkel took a “Machiavellian” approach to the crisis. She had the stamina to keep her options open as long as possible, and then veiled her decisions behind “the cloud of complexity.” Guttenberg said, “This made it easier for her to change her mind several times rather dramatically, but at the time no one noticed at all.” In the end, under pressure from other European leaders and President Obama, Merkel endorsed a plan for the European Central Bank to prevent Greek sovereign default by buying bonds—much as the Federal Reserve had done during the U.S. financial crisis. In exchange, the countries of southern Europe submitted to strict budget rules and E.U. oversight of their central banks. Merkel realized that she could not allow the euro-zone crisis to capsize the project of European unity. “If the euro falls, then Europe falls,” she declared. The euro was saved, but at the price of ruinous austerity policies and high unemployment. Across much of Europe, Merkel—that Protestant minister’s daughter—is resented as a rigid, self-righteous puritan, while support for the E.U. has fallen to historic lows.
Merkel’s commitment to a united Europe is not that of an idealist. Rather, it comes from her sense of German interest—a soft form of nationalism that reflects the country’s growing confidence and strength. The historic German problem, which Henry Kissinger described as being “too big for Europe, too small for the world,” can be overcome only by keeping Europe together. Kurbjuweit said, “She needs Europe because—this is hard to say, but it’s true—Europe makes Germany bigger.”
Yet Merkel’s austerity policies have helped make Europe weaker, and Europe’s weakness has begun affecting Germany, whose export-driven economy depends on its neighbors for markets. The German economy has slowed this year, while European growth is anemic. Nevertheless, Germany remains committed to a balanced budget in 2015, its first since 1969, and is standing in the way of a euro-zone monetary policy of stimulating growth by buying up debt. In recent weeks, with global markets falling, a divide has opened between Merkel and other European leaders.
After 2005, Merkel had to mute her free-market thinking at home in order to preserve her political viability. Instead, she exported the ideas to the rest of the Continent, applying them with no apparent regard for macroeconomic conditions, as if the virtues of thrift and discipline constituted the mission of a resurgent Germany in Europe. Merkel is obsessed with demography and economic competitiveness. She loves reading charts. In September, one of her senior aides showed me a stack of them that the Chancellor had just been examining; they showed the relative performance of different European economies across a variety of indicators. In unit-labor costs, he pointed out, Germany lies well below the euro-zone average. But the population of Germany—the largest of any nation in Europe—is stagnant and aging. “A country like that cannot run up more and more debt,” the senior aide said.
Stefan Reinecke, of the left-wing daily Die Tageszeitung, said, “Half an hour into every speech she gives, when everyone has fallen asleep, she says three things. She says Europe has just seven per cent of the world’s people, twenty-five per cent of the economic output, but fifty per cent of the social welfare—and we have to change this.” Merkel frets that Germany has no Silicon Valley. “There’s no German Facebook, no German Amazon,” her senior aide said. “There is this German tendency, which you can see in Berlin: we’re so affluent that we assume we always will be, even though we don’t know where it will come from. Completely complacent.”
It makes Germans acutely uneasy that their country is too strong while Europe is too weak, but Merkel never discusses the problem. Joschka Fischer—who has praised Merkel on other issues—criticizes this silence. “Intellectually, it’s a big, big challenge to transform national strength into European strength,” he said. “And the majority of the political and economic élite in Germany has not a clue about that, including the Chancellor.”
The two world leaders with whom Merkel has her most important and complex relationships are Obama, who has won her reluctant respect, and Putin, who has earned her deep distrust. When the Wall fell, Putin was a K.G.B. major stationed in Dresden. He used his fluent German and a pistol to keep a crowd of East Germans from storming the K.G.B. bureau and looting secret files, which he then destroyed. Twelve years later, a far more conciliatory Putin, by then Russia’s President, addressed the Bundestag “in the language of Goethe, Schiller, and Kant,” declaring that “Russia is a friendly-minded European country” whose “main goal is a stable peace on this continent.” Putin praised democracy and denounced totalitarianism, receiving an ovation from an audience that included Merkel.
After decades of war, destruction, and occupation, German-Russian relations returned to the friendlier dynamic that had prevailed before the twentieth century. German policymakers spoke of a “strategic partnership” and a “rapprochement through economic interlocking.” In 2005, Schröder approved the construction of a gas pipeline that crossed the Baltic Sea into Russia. He and Putin developed a friendship, with Schröder calling Putin a “flawless democrat.” In the past decade, Germany has become one of Russia’s largest trading partners, and Russia now provides Germany with forty per cent of its gas. Two hundred thousand Russian citizens live in Germany, and Russia has extensive connections inside the German business community and in the Social Democratic Party.
As a Russian speaker who hitchhiked through the Soviet republics in her youth, Merkel has a feel for Russia’s aspirations and resentments which Western politicians lack. In her office, there’s a framed portrait of Catherine the Great, the Prussian-born empress who led Russia during a golden age in the eighteenth century. But, as a former East German, Merkel has few illusions about Putin. After Putin’s speech at the Bundestag, Merkel told a colleague, “This is typical K.G.B. talk. Never trust this guy.” Ulrich, of Die Zeit, said, “She’s always been skeptical of Putin, but she doesn’t detest him. Detesting would be too much emotion.”
“According to the map, the treasure should be right behind this door.”
Buy a cartoon
When Putin and Merkel meet, they sometimes speak in German (he’s better in her language than she is in his), and Putin corrects his own interpreter to let Merkel know that nothing is lost on him. Putin’s brand of macho elicits in Merkel a kind of scientific empathy. In 2007, during discussions about energy supplies at the Russian President’s residence in Sochi, Putin summoned his black Lab, Koni, into the room where he and Merkel were seated. As the dog approached and sniffed her, Merkel froze, visibly frightened. She’d been bitten once, in 1995, and her fear of dogs couldn’t have escaped Putin, who sat back and enjoyed the moment, legs spread wide. “I’m sure it will behave itself,” he said. Merkel had the presence of mind to reply, in Russian, “It doesn’t eat journalists, after all.” The German press corps was furious on her behalf—“ready to hit Putin,” according to a reporter who was present. Later, Merkel interpreted Putin’s behavior. “I understand why he has to do this—to prove he’s a man,” she told a group of reporters. “He’s afraid of his own weakness. Russia has nothing, no successful politics or economy. All they have is this.”
In early 2008, when President George W. Bush sought to bring Ukraine and Georgia into
NATO
, Merkel blocked the move out of concern for Russia’s reaction and because it could cause destabilization along Europe’s eastern edge. Later that year, after Russia invaded two regions of Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Merkel changed her position and expressed openness to Georgia’s joining
NATO
. She remained careful to balance European unity, the alliance with America, German business interests, and continued engagement with Russia. Kaiser Wilhelm I is supposed to have remarked that only Bismarck, who tied Germany to a set of countervailing alliances, could juggle four or five balls. Bismarck’s successor, Leo von Caprivi, complained that he could barely manage two, and in 1890 he ended Germany’s treaty with Russia, helping set the stage for the First World War.
When, this past March, Russia annexed Crimea and incited a separatist war in eastern Ukraine, it fell to Merkel to succeed where earlier German leaders had catastrophically failed.
The Russian aggression in Ukraine stunned the history-haunted, rule-upholding Germans. “Putin surprised everyone,” including Merkel, her senior aide told me. “The swiftness, the brutality, the coldheartedness. It’s just so twentieth century—the tanks, the propaganda, the agents provocateurs.”
Suddenly, everyone in Berlin was reading Christopher Clark’s “The Sleepwalkers,” about the origins of the First World War. The moral that many Germans drew was to tread carefully—small fires could quickly turn into conflagrations. During a discussion about the First World War with students at the German Historical Museum, Merkel said, “I am regarded as a permanent delayer sometimes, but I think it is essential and extremely important to take people along and really listen to them in political talks.”
Merkel ruled out military options, yet declared that Russia’s actions were unacceptable—territorial integrity was an inviolable part of Europe’s postwar order—and required a serious Western response. For the first time in her Chancellorship, she didn’t have the public with her. In early polls, a plurality of Germans wanted Merkel to take a middle position between the West and Russia. A substantial minority—especially in the former East—sympathized with Russia’s claim that
NATO
expansion had pushed Putin to act defensively, and that Ukrainian leaders in Kiev were Fascist thugs. Helmut Schmidt, the Social Democratic former Chancellor, expressed some of these views, as did Gerhard Schröder—who had become a paid lobbyist for a company controlled by the Russian state oil-and-gas giant Gazprom, and who celebrated his seventieth birthday with Putin, in St. Petersburg, a month after Russia annexed Crimea. The attitude of Schmidt and Schröder deeply embarrassed the Social Democrats.
A gap opened up between élite and popular opinion: newspapers editorializing for a hard line against Russia were inundated with critical letters. Merkel, true to form, did nothing to try to close the divide. For most Germans, the crisis inspired a combination of indifference and anxiety. Ukraine was talked about, if at all, as a far-off place, barely a part of Europe (not as the victim of huge German crimes in the Second World War). Germans resented having their beautiful sleep disturbed. “The majority want peace and to live a comfortable life,” Alexander Rahr, a Russian energy expert who advises the German oil-and-gas company Wintershall, said. “They don’t want conflict or a new Cold War. For this, they wish the U.S. would stay away from Europe. If Russia wants Ukraine, which not so many people have sympathy with, let them have it.” In a way, Germany’s historical guilt—which includes more than twenty million Soviet dead in the Second World War—adds to the country’s passivity. A sense of responsibility for the past demands that Germany do nothing in the present. Ulrich, of Die Zeit, expressed the point brutally: “We once killed so much—therefore, we can’t die today.”
Germans and Russians are bound together by such terrible memories that any suggestion of conflict leads straight to the unthinkable. Michael Naumann put the Ukraine crisis in the context of “this enormous emotional nexus between perpetrator and victim,” one that leaves Germans perpetually in the weaker position. In 1999, Naumann, at that time the culture minister under Schröder, tried to negotiate the return of five million artifacts taken out of East Germany by the Russians after the Second World War. During the negotiations, he and his Russian counterpart, Nikolai Gubenko, shared their stories. Naumann, who was born in 1941, lost his father a year later, at the Battle of Stalingrad. Gubenko was also born in 1941, and his father was also killed in action. Five months later, Gubenko’s mother was hanged by the Germans.
“Checkmate,” the Russian told the German. Both men cried.
“There was nothing to negotiate,” Naumann recalled. “He said, ‘We will not give anything back, as long as I live.’ ”
Merkel takes a characteristically unsentimental view of Russia. Alexander Lambsdorff, a German member of the European Parliament, said, “She thinks of Russia as a traditional hegemonic power that was subdued for a while and now has reëmerged.” Ukraine forced Merkel into a juggling act worthy of Bismarck, and she began spending two or three hours daily on the crisis. Publicly, she said little, waiting for Russian misbehavior to bring the German public around. She needed to keep her coalition in the Bundestag on board, including the more pro-Russian Social Democrats. And she had to hold Europe together, which meant staying in close touch with twenty-seven other leaders and understanding each one’s constraints: how sanctions on Russia would affect London’s financial markets; whether the French would agree to suspend delivery of amphibious assault ships already sold to the Russians; whether Poland and the Baltic states felt assured of
NATO
’s support; the influence of Russian propaganda in Greece; Bulgaria’s dependence on Russian gas. For sanctions to bite, Europe had to remain united.
Merkel also needed to keep open her channel to Putin. Even after the E.U. passed its first round of sanctions, in March, it was not German policy to isolate Russia—the two countries are too enmeshed. Merkel is Putin’s most important interlocutor in the West; they talk every week, if not more often. “She’s talked to Putin more than Obama, Hollande, and Cameron combined have over these past months,” the senior official said. “She has a way of talking to him that nobody has. Cameron and Hollande call him to be able to say they’re world leaders and had the conversation.” Merkel can be tough to the point of unpleasantness, while offering Putin ways out of his own mess. Above all, she tries to understand how he thinks. “With Russia now, when one feels very angry I force myself to talk regardless of my feelings,” she said at the German Historical Museum. “And every time I do this I am surprised at how many other views you can have on a matter which I find totally clear. Then I have to deal with those views, and this can also trigger something new.” Soon after the annexation of Crimea, Merkel reportedly told Obama that Putin was living “in another world.” She set about bringing him back to reality.
Buy a cartoon
A German official told me, “The Chancellor thinks Putin believes that we’re decadent, we’re gay, we have women with beards”—a reference to Conchita Wurst, an Austrian drag queen who won the 2014 Eurovision song contest. “That it’s a strong Russia of real men versus the decadent West that’s too pampered, too spoiled, to stand up for their beliefs if it costs them one per cent of their standard of living. That’s his wager. We have to prove it’s not true.” It’s true enough that, if Merkel were to make a ringing call to defend Western values against Russian aggression, her domestic support would evaporate. When eight members of a European observer group, including four Germans, were taken hostage by pro-Russian separatists in April—practically a casus belli, had they been Americans—the German government simply asked Putin to work for their release. Merkel was playing the game that had been successful for her in German politics: waiting for her adversary to self-destruct.
On at least one phone call, Putin lied to Merkel, something that he hadn’t done in the past. In May, after Ukrainian separatists organized a widely denounced referendum, the official Russian statement was more positive than the stance that Merkel believed she and Putin had agreed on in advance. She cancelled their call for the following week—she had been misled, and wanted him to sense her anger. “The Russians were stunned,” the senior official said. “How could she cut the link?” Germany was the one country that Russia could not afford to lose. Karl-Georg Wellmann, a member of parliament from Merkel’s party, who sits on the foreign-affairs committee, said that, as the crisis deepened and Germans began pulling capital out of Russia, Kremlin officials privately told their German counterparts that they wanted a way out: “We went too far—what can we do?” In Moscow restaurants, after the third vodka, the Russians would raise the ghosts of 1939: “If we got together, Germany and Russia, we would be the strongest power in the world.”
On June 6th, in Normandy, Merkel and Putin met for the first time since the crisis began, along with Obama, Hollande, Cameron, and Petro Poroshenko, the newly elected President of Ukraine, to commemorate the seventieth anniversary of D Day. News photographs showed Merkel greeting Putin like a disapproving hostess—lips pursed, eyebrows arched—while Putin’s hard features came as close to ingratiation as is physically possible. In the optics of power, she was winning. “This political isolation hurts him,” her senior aide said. “He doesn’t like to be left out.” (Russia had just been suspended from the Group of Eight.) Later, before lunch, Merkel orchestrated a brief conversation between Putin and Poroshenko. On the anniversary of D Day, Germany’s leader was at the center of everything. As Kurbjuweit put it, “That was astonishing, to see all the winners of the Second World War, and to see the loser and the country which was responsible for all this—and she’s the leader, everyone wants to talk to her! That is very, very strange. And this is only possible, I think, because it’s Merkel—because she’s so nice and quiet.”
The final ball Merkel has to keep in the air is the American one. Her opinion of Barack Obama has risen as his popularity has declined. In July, 2008, as a Presidential candidate, Obama wanted to speak at the Brandenburg Gate, in Berlin—the historic heart of the city, a location reserved for heads of state and government, not U.S. senators. Merkel rebuffed the request, so instead Obama spoke about European-American unity at the Victory Column, in the Tiergarten, before two hundred thousand delirious fans—a crowd Merkel could never have mustered, let alone mesmerized. “What puts her off about Obama is his high-flying rhetoric,” the senior official said. “She distrusts it, and she’s no good at it. She says, ‘I want to see if he can deliver.’ If you want to sum up her philosophy, it’s ‘under-promise and over-deliver.’ ”
In Obama’s first years in office, Merkel was frequently and unfavorably compared with him, and the criticism annoyed her. According to Stern, her favorite joke ends with Obama walking on water. “She does not really think Obama is a helpful partner,” Torsten Krauel, a senior writer for Die Welt, said. “She thinks he is a professor, a loner, unable to build coalitions.” Merkel’s relationship with Bush was much warmer than hers with Obama, the longtime political associate said. A demonstrative man like Bush sparks a response, whereas Obama and Merkel are like “two hit men in the same room. They don’t have to talk—both are quiet, both are killers.” For weeks in 2011 and 2012, amid American criticism of German policy during the euro-zone crisis, there was no contact between Merkel and Obama—she would ask for a conversation, but the phone call from the White House never came.
As she got to know Obama better, though, she came to appreciate more the ways in which they were alike—analytical, cautious, dry-humored, remote. Benjamin Rhodes, Obama’s deputy national-security adviser, told me that “the President thinks there’s not another leader he’s worked closer with than her.” He added, “They’re so different publicly, but they’re actually quite similar.” (Ulrich joked, “Obama is Merkel in a better suit.”) During the Ukraine crisis, the two have consulted frequently on the timing of announcements and been careful to keep the American and the European positions close. Obama is the antithesis of the swaggering leaders whom Merkel specializes in eating for breakfast. On a trip to Washington, she met with a number of senators, including the Republicans John McCain, of Arizona, and Jeff Sessions, of Alabama. She found them more preoccupied with the need to display toughness against America’s former Cold War adversary than with events in Ukraine themselves. (McCain called Merkel’s approach “milquetoast.”) To Merkel, Ukraine was a practical problem to be solved. This mirrored Obama’s view.
On the day I spoke with Rhodes, July 17th, the TV in his office, in the White House basement, showed the debris of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 strewn across a field in eastern Ukraine. The cause of the crash wasn’t yet clear, but Rhodes said, “If it was a Russian shoot-down, and Americans and Europeans were on board, that’s going to change everything.” In Germany, the change happened immediately. The sight of separatist fighters looting the belongings of dead passengers who had been shot out of the sky hit Germans more personally than months of ugly fighting among Ukrainians had. A civilian airliner, Dutch victims: “People realized that the sentimental attitude toward Putin and Russia was based on false assumptions,” a German diplomat said. The idea of maintaining equidistance between Russia and the West on Ukraine vanished. Though the crisis was beginning to hurt the German economy, Merkel now had three-quarters of the public behind her. In late July, the E.U. agreed on a sweeping new round of financial and energy sanctions.
Since then, Russian troops and weapons have crossed the border in large numbers, and the war has grown worse. In a speech in Australia last week, Merkel warned that Russian aggression was in danger of spreading, and she called for patience in a long struggle: “Who would’ve thought that twenty-five years after the fall of the Wall . . . something like that can happen right at the heart of Europe?” But, on the day she spoke, the E.U. failed to pass a new round of sanctions against Russia. Guttenberg, the former defense minister, said, “We are content with keeping the status quo, and kicking the can up the road—not down—and it keeps falling back on our feet.”
The close coöperation behind the scenes between Washington and Berlin coincides with a period of public estrangement. Germans told me that anti-Americanism in Germany is more potent now than at any time since the cruise-missile controversy of the early eighties. The proximate cause is the revelation, last fall, based on documents leaked by Edward Snowden to Der Spiegel, that the National Security Agency had been recording Merkel’s cell-phone calls for a decade. Merkel, ever impassive, expressed more annoyance than outrage, but with the German public the sense of betrayal was deep. It hasn’t subsided—N.S.A. transgressions came up in almost every conversation I had in Berlin—particularly because Obama, while promising that the eavesdropping had stopped, never publicly apologized. (He conveyed his regret to Merkel privately.) “Tapping her phone is more than impolite,” Rainer Eppelmann, the former East German dissident, said. “It’s something you just don’t do. Friends don’t spy on friends.” (American officials I spoke with, though troubled by the effects of the breach, rolled their eyes over German naïveté and hypocrisy, since the spying goes both ways.)
“The post-touchdown celebrations are getting out of hand.”December 19, 2011
Buy a cartoon
German officials approached the Americans for a no-spy agreement, and were refused. The U.S. has no such arrangement with any country, including those in the so-called Five Eyes—the English-speaking allies that share virtually all intelligence. German officials claimed that the U.S. offered membership in the Five Eyes, then withdrew the offer. The Americans denied it. “It was never seriously discussed,” a senior Administration official said. “Five Eyes isn’t just an agreement. It’s an infrastructure developed over sixty years.”
“I tend to believe them,” the German diplomat said. “The Germans didn’t want Five Eyes when we learned about it. We’re not in a position, legally, to join, because our intelligence is so limited in scope.”
In July, officials of the German Federal Intelligence Service, or B.N.D., arrested a bureaucrat in their Munich office on suspicion of spying for the U.S. He had been caught soliciting business from the Russians via Gmail, and, when the Germans asked their American counterparts for information on the man, his account was suddenly shut down. Brought in for questioning, he admitted having passed documents (apparently innocuous) to a C.I.A. agent in Austria for two years, for which he was paid twenty-five thousand euros. The Germans retaliated, in unprecedented fashion, by expelling the C.I.A. station chief in Berlin. Coming soon after the N.S.A. revelations, this second scandal was worse than a crime—it was a blunder. Merkel was beside herself with exasperation. No U.S. official, in Washington or Berlin, seemed to have weighed the intelligence benefits against the potential political costs. The President didn’t know about the spy. “It’s fair to say the President should expect people would take into account political dynamics in making judgments about what we do and don’t do in Germany,” Rhodes said.
The spying scandals have undermined German public support for the
NATO
alliance just when it’s needed most in the standoff with Russia. Lambsdorff, the E.U. parliamentarian, told me, “When I stand before constituents and say, ‘We need a strong relationship with the U.S.,’ they say, ‘What’s the point? They lie to us.’ ” Germany’s rise to preëminence in Europe has made Merkel a committed transatlanticist, but “that’s useless now,” Lambsdorff said. “It deducts from her capital. Rebuffing Washington is good now in Germany.”
Obama was concerned enough to dispatch his chief of staff, Denis McDonough, to Berlin in late July, to mollify German officials. During a four-hour meeting, they agreed to create a framework for clearer rules about spying and intelligence sharing. But the details remain to be worked out, and barely half the German public now expresses a favorable view of the U.S.—the lowest level in Europe, other than in perpetually hostile Greece.
In a sense, German anti-Americanism is always waiting to be tapped. There’s a left-wing, anti-capitalist strain going back to the sixties, and a right-wing, anti-democratic version that’s even older. In the broad middle, where German politics plays out today, many Germans, especially older ones, once regarded the U.S. as the father of their democracy—a role that sets America up to disappoint. Peter Schneider, the novelist and journalist, expressed the attitude this way: “You have created a model of a savior, and now we find by looking at you that you are not perfect at all—much less, you are actually corrupt, you are terrible businessmen, you have no ideals anymore.” With the Iraq War, Guantánamo, drones, the unmet expectations of the Obama Presidency, and now spying, “you actually have acted against your own promises, and so we feel very deceived.”
Beneath the rise in anti-Americanism and the German sympathy with Russia, something deeper might be at work. During the First World War, Thomas Mann put aside writing “The Magic Mountain” and began composing a strange, passionate series of essays about Germany and the war. They were published in 1918, just before the Armistice, as “Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man.” In it, Mann embraced the German cause in terms of national character and philosophy. He allied himself, as an artist, with Germany—“culture, soul, freedom, art”—against the liberal civilization of France and England that his older brother Heinrich supported, where intellect was always politicized. German tradition was authoritarian, conservative, and “nonpolitical”—closer to the Russian spirit than to the shallow materialism of democratic Europe. The war represented Germany’s age-old rebellion against the West. Imperial Germany refused to accept at gunpoint the universal principles of equality and human rights. Though Mann became a vocal supporter of democratic values in exile during the Nazi years, he never repudiated “Reflections.”
Several people in Berlin suggested that this difficult, forgotten book had something to say about Germany in the age of Merkel. The country’s peaceful reunification and its strength through the euro crisis might be returning Germany to an identity that’s older than the postwar Federal Republic, whose Basic Law was written under heavy American influence. “West Germany was a good country,” Georg Diez, a columnist and author, told me. “It was young, sexy, daring, Western—American. But maybe it was only a skin. Germany is becoming more German, less Western. Germany has discovered its national roots.”
Diez didn’t mean that this was a good thing. He meant that Germany is becoming less democratic, because what Germans fundamentally want is stability, security, economic growth—above all, to be left in peace while someone else watches their money and keeps their country out of wars. They have exactly the Chancellor they want. “Merkel took the politics out of politics,” Diez said.
Merkel, at sixty, is the most successful politician in modern German history. Her popularity floats around seventy-five per cent—unheard of in an era of resentment toward elected leaders. Plainness remains her political signature, with inflections of Protestant virtue and Prussian uprightness. Once, with a group of journalists at a hotel bar in the Middle East, she said, “Can you believe it? Here I am, the Chancellor! What am I doing here? When I was growing up in the G.D.R., we imagined capitalists with long black cloaks and top hats and cigars and big feet, like cartoons. And now here I am, and they have to listen to me!” Of course, there’s something calculated about her public image. “She’s so careful not to show any pretensions—which is a kind of pretension,” the senior official said.
Merkel still lives in central Berlin, in a rent-controlled apartment across a canal from the Pergamon, the great neoclassical antiquities museum. The name on the brass buzzer is her husband’s—“
PROF. DR. SAUER
”—and a solitary policeman stands outside. Dwarfed by her vast office in the massive concrete-and-glass Chancellery, Merkel works at an ordinary writing table just inside the door, preferring it to the thirteen-foot black slab that Schröder installed at the far end of the room. “This woman is neurotically busy,” the longtime political associate said. “She sleeps never more than five hours. I can call her at one o’clock at night. She’s awake reading bureaucratic papers, not literature.”
Merkel entertains guests at the Chancellery with German comfort food—potato soup and stuffed cabbage. When she eats at her favorite Italian restaurant, it’s with just a few friends, and she doesn’t look up from the conversation to greet her public, who know to leave her alone. When her husband calls the Philharmoniker for tickets (Merkel and Sauer are music lovers, with a passion for Wagner and Webern) and is offered comps, he insists on giving his credit-card number, and the couple take their seats almost unnoticed. A friend of mine once sat next to Merkel at the salon she frequents, off Kurfürstendamm, and they chatted about hair. “Color is the most important thing for a woman,” the Chancellor, whose hair style is no longer the object of ridicule, offered.
“And that's how babies are made.”October 15, 2012
Buy a cartoon
Earlier this year, President Joachim Gauck made headlines when he called on Germany to take its global responsibilities more seriously, including its role in military affairs. It was the kind of speech that Merkel (who had no comment) would never give, especially after a poll commissioned by the foreign ministry in May showed that sixty per cent of the public was skeptical of greater German involvement in the world. German journalists find Merkel nearly impossible to cover. “We have to look for topics in the pudding,” Ulrich Schulte, who reports on the Chancellor for Die Tageszeitung, said. The private Merkel they admire and enjoy but are forbidden to quote disappears in public. Any aide or friend who betrays the smallest confidence is cast out. The German media, reflecting the times, are increasingly centrist, preoccupied with “wellness” and other life-style issues. Almost every political reporter I spoke with voted for Merkel, despite the sense that she’s making their work irrelevant. There was no reason not to.
Meanwhile, Merkel has neutralized the opposition, in large part by stealing its issues. She has embraced labor unions, lowered the retirement age for certain workers, and increased state payments to mothers and the old. (She told Dirk Kurbjuweit, of Der Spiegel, that, as Germany aged, she depended more on elderly voters.) In 2011, the Fukushima nuclear disaster, in Japan, shocked Merkel, and she reversed her position on nuclear power: Germany would phase it out through the next decade, while continuing to lead the world’s large industrial economies in solar and wind energy. (A quarter of the country’s energy now comes from renewable sources.) Meanwhile, she’s tried to rid her party of intolerant ideas—for example, by speaking out for the need to be more welcoming to immigrants. Supporters of the Social Democrats and the Greens have fewer and fewer reasons to vote at all, and turnout has declined. Schneider, a leading member of the generation of ’68, said, “This is the genius of Angela Merkel: she has actually made party lines senseless.”
This fall, in elections held in three states of the former East Germany, a new right-wing party, Alternative for Germany (AfD), showed strength, capturing as much as ten per cent of the vote. AfD wants Germany to withdraw from the euro zone and opposes Merkel’s liberal policies on gay marriage and immigration. In moving her own party to the center, Merkel has created a space in German politics for a populist equivalent to France’s Front National and the United Kingdom Independence Party. If the German economy continues to slow, Merkel will find it hard to float unchallenged above party politics as Mutti, the World Cup-winning soccer team’s biggest fan.
For now, the most pressing political question in Berlin is whether she’ll stand for a fourth term, in 2017. Joschka Fischer described Germany under Merkel as returning to the Biedermeier period, the years between the end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1815, and the liberal revolutions of 1848, when Central Europe was at peace and the middle class focussed on its growing wealth and decorative style. “She is governing Germany in a period where the sun is shining every day, and that’s the dream of every democratically elected politician,” Fischer said—but “there is no intellectual debate.” I suggested that every Biedermeier has to end. “Yes,” he said. “Mostly in a clash.”
A political consensus founded on economic success, with a complacent citizenry, a compliant press, and a vastly popular leader who rarely deviates from public opinion—Merkel’s Germany is reminiscent of Eisenhower’s America. But what Americans today might envy, with our intimations of national decline, makes thoughtful Germans uneasy. Their democracy is not old enough to be given a rest.
“We got democracy from you, as a gift I would say, in the forties and fifties,” Kurbjuweit told me. “But I’m not sure if these democratic attitudes are very well established in my country. We Germans always have to practice democracy—we’re still on the training program.” Kurbjuweit has just published a book called “There Is No Alternative.” It’s a phrase that Merkel coined for her euro policy, but Kurbjuweit uses it to describe the Chancellor’s success in draining all the blood out of German politics. “I don’t say democracy will disappear if Merkel is Chancellor for twenty years,” he said. “But I think democracy is on the retreat in the world, and there is a problem with democracy in our country. You have to keep the people used to the fact that democracy is a pain in the ass, and that they have to fight, and that everyone is a politician—not only Merkel.” ♦
George Packer became a staff writer in 2003.
| i don't know |
In which t.v. crime thriller does Emelia Fox play 'Nikki Alexander' and Tom Ward play 'Harry Cunningham'? | Silent Witness - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com
EDIT
Welcome to the Silent Witness guide at TV.com. Silent Witness is a forensic thriller series, which was first broadcast in 1996, created by ex-police officer Nigel McCrery. The programme originally followed the activities of pathologist Dr Sam Ryan (who was later promoted to professor), played by Amanda Burton. However, Ryan's character departed early in the eighth series in 2004. During the sixth series in 2002, Dr Leo Dalton (William Gaminara) and Dr Harry Cunningham (Tom Ward) had joined the team, and now remained in the series and continued as lead characters following Ryan's departure, with Dalton replacing her as professor. Dr Nikki Alexander (Emilia Fox) joined the team shortly after Ryan's departure. Orginally set in Cambridge, the main action of the series was then relocated to London. The programme is typically made up of a series of two-part stories, usually with six to eight episodes per series. The tenth series saw the number of stories go up to five. Creator Nigel McCrery has also published five novels based on the series.
moreless
| A Silent Witness |
In which month is Candlemas celebrated? | Silent Witness - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com
EDIT
Welcome to the Silent Witness guide at TV.com. Silent Witness is a forensic thriller series, which was first broadcast in 1996, created by ex-police officer Nigel McCrery. The programme originally followed the activities of pathologist Dr Sam Ryan (who was later promoted to professor), played by Amanda Burton. However, Ryan's character departed early in the eighth series in 2004. During the sixth series in 2002, Dr Leo Dalton (William Gaminara) and Dr Harry Cunningham (Tom Ward) had joined the team, and now remained in the series and continued as lead characters following Ryan's departure, with Dalton replacing her as professor. Dr Nikki Alexander (Emilia Fox) joined the team shortly after Ryan's departure. Orginally set in Cambridge, the main action of the series was then relocated to London. The programme is typically made up of a series of two-part stories, usually with six to eight episodes per series. The tenth series saw the number of stories go up to five. Creator Nigel McCrery has also published five novels based on the series.
moreless
| i don't know |
The fleet of which Empire lost the 1571 Battle of Lepanto? | Battle of Lepanto | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
1787–91
The Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League , a coalition of southern European Catholic maritime states , decisively defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire in five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece. The Ottoman forces sailing westwards from their naval station in Lepanto (Turkish language: İnebahtı; Greek: Ναύπακτος or Έπαχτος Naupaktos or Épahtos) met the Holy League forces, which had come from Messina , Sicily, where they had previously gathered.
The victory of the Holy League prevented the Ottoman Empire expanding further along the European side of the Mediterranean. Lepanto was the last major naval battle in the Mediterranean fought entirely between galleys and has been assigned great symbolic importance by Catholic and other historians. Some assert that Turkish victory could have led to Western Europe being overrun, as had happened to the Byzantine Empire a little more than a century earlier.
Contents
Edit
Depictions of the Ottoman Navy during the battle of Lepanto
The Christian coalition had been promoted by Pope Pius V to rescue the Venetian colony of Famagusta , on the island of Cyprus, which was being besieged by the Turks in early 1571 subsequent to the fall of Nicosia and other Venetian possessions in Cyprus in the course of 1570.
The banner for the fleet, blessed by the pope, reached the Kingdom of Naples (then ruled by the King of Spain ) on August 14, 1571. There in the Basilica of Santa Chiara it was solemnly consigned to John of Austria , who had been named leader of the coalition after long discussions between the allies. The fleet moved to Sicily and leaving Messina reached (after several stops) the port of Viscardo in Cephalonia , where news arrived of the fall of Famagusta and of the torture inflicted by the Turks on the Venetian commander of the fortress, Marco Antonio Bragadin .
On August 1 the Venetians had surrendered after being reassured that they could leave Cyprus freely. However, the Ottoman commander, Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha , who had lost some 52,000 men in the siege[ citation needed ] (including his son), broke his word, imprisoning the Venetians. On 17 August Bragadin was flayed alive and his corpse hung on Mustafa's galley together with the heads of the Venetian commanders, Astorre Baglioni , Alvise Martinengo and Gianantonio Querini.
Despite bad weather, the Christian ships sailed south and on October 6 they reached the port of Sami, Cephalonia then also called Val d'Alessandria, where they remained for a while. On 7 October they sailed toward the Gulf of Patras, where they encountered the Ottoman fleet. While neither fleet had immediate strategic resources or objectives in the gulf, both chose to engage. The Ottoman fleet had an express order from the Sultan to fight, and John of Austria found it necessary to attack in order to maintain the integrity of the expedition in the face of personal and political disagreements within the Holy League . [9]
Forces
The members of the Holy League were Spain (including the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the Spanish possessions), the Republic of Venice , the Papacy, the Republic of Genoa, the Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Urbino , the Knights Hospitaller and others. Its fleet consisted of 206 galleys and 6 galleasses (large new galleys, invented by the Venetians, which carried substantial artillery ) and was commanded by Don John of Austria , the illegitimate son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire , and half-brother of Philip II of Spain , supported by the Spanish commanders Don Luis de Requesens and Don Álvaro de Bazán , and Genoan commander Gianandrea Doria .
Vessels had been contributed by the various Christian states: 109 galleys and 6 galleasses from the Republic of Venice , 56 from the Spanish Empire (32 galleys from the Kingdom of Naples, 14 galleys from Spain, and 10 galleys from the Kingdom of Sicily), 7 galleys from the Pope, 27 galleys from the Republic of Genoa (partly financed by Spain), 3 galleys of the Order of Saint Stephen from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, 3 galleys each from the Duchy of Savoy and the Knights of Malta , and some privately owned galleys in Spanish service. [10] [11] All members of the alliance viewed the Ottoman navy as a significant threat, both to the security of maritime trade in the Mediterranean Sea and to the security of continental Europe itself. Spain was the largest financial contributor, though the Spaniards preferred to preserve most of their galleys for Spain's own wars against the nearby sultanates of the Barbary Coast rather than expend its naval strength for the benefit of Venice. [11] The various Christian contingents met the main force, that of Venice (under Venier ), in July and August 1571 at Messina, Sicily. John of Austria arrived on 23 August.
This fleet of the Christian alliance was manned by 40,000 sailors and oarsmen. In addition, it carried almost 28,000 fighting troops: 10,000 Spanish regular infantry of excellent quality, [11] 7,000 Germans and Croatians and 5,000 Italian mercenaries in Spanish pay, [12] and 5,000 Venetian soldiers. [13] Also, Venetian oarsmen were mainly free citizens and were able to bear arms adding to the fighting power of their ship, whereas convicts were used to row many of the galleys in other Holy League squadrons. [14]
Many of the galleys in the Ottoman fleet were also rowed by slaves, often Christians who had been captured in previous conquests and engagements. [14] Free oarsmen were generally acknowledged to be superior by all combatants, but were gradually replaced in all galley fleets (including those of Venice from 1549) during the 16th century by cheaper slaves, convicts and prisoners-of-war owing to rapidly rising costs. [15]
The Ottoman galleys were manned by 13,000 experienced sailors—generally drawn from the maritime nations of the Ottoman Empire, namely Berbers, Greeks, Syrians, and Egyptians—and 34,000 soldiers. [16] Ali Pasha , the Ottoman admiral ( Kapudan-i Derya ), supported by the corsairs Chulouk Bey of Alexandria and Uluç Ali , commanded an Ottoman force of 222 war galleys, 56 galliots , and some smaller vessels. The Turks had skilled and experienced crews of sailors but were significantly deficient in their elite corps of Janissaries . The number of oarsmen was about 37,000, virtually all of them slaves. [17]
An advantage for the Christians was their numerical superiority in guns and cannon aboard their ships, as well as the superior quality of the Spanish infantry. [11] It is estimated the Christians had 1,815 guns, while the Turks had only 750 with insufficient ammunition. [6] [8] The Christians embarked with their much improved arquebusier and musketeer forces, while the Ottomans trusted in their greatly feared composite bowmen . [18]
Deployment
Edit
Formation of the fleets just before contact.
The Christian fleet formed up in four divisions in a North-South line. At the northern end, closest to the coast, was the Left Division of 53 galleys, mainly Venetian, led by Agostino Barbarigo (admiral) , with Marco Querini and Antonio da Canale in support. The Centre Division consisted of 62 galleys under John of Austria himself in his Real , along with Sebastiano Venier , later Doge of Venice , Mathurin Romegas and Marcantonio Colonna .
The Right Division to the south consisted of another 53 galleys under the Genoese Giovanni Andrea Doria , great-nephew of admiral Andrea Doria . Two galleasses, which had side-mounted cannon, were positioned in front of each main division, for the purpose, according to Miguel de Cervantes (who served on the galley Marquesa during the battle), of preventing the Turks from sneaking in small boats and sapping, sabotaging or boarding the Christian vessels. A Reserve Division was stationed behind (that is, to the west of) the main fleet, to lend support wherever it might be needed.
This reserve division consisted of 38 galleys - 30 behind the Centre Division commanded by Álvaro de Bazán , and four behind each wing. A scouting group was formed, from two Right Wing and six Reserve Division galleys. As the Christian fleet was slowly turning around Point Scropha , Doria's Right Division, at the off-shore side, was delayed at the start of the battle and the Right's galleasses did not get into position.
The Ottoman fleet consisted of 57 galleys and 2 galliots on its Right under Chulouk Bey, 61 galleys and 32 galliots in the Centre under Ali Pasha in the Sultana, and about 63 galleys and 30 galliots in the South off-shore under Uluç Ali . A small reserve existed of 8 galleys, 22 galliots and 64 fustas , behind the Centre body. Ali Pasha is supposed to have told his Christian galley-slaves: "If I win the battle, I promise you your liberty. If the day is yours, then God has given it to you." John of Austria , more laconically, warned his crew: "There is no paradise for cowards." [19]
The battle
The Victors of Lepanto (from left: John of Austria , Marcantonio Colonna , Sebastiano Venier ).
The left and centre galleasses had been towed half a mile ahead of the Christian line. When the battle started, the Turks mistook the galleasses for merchant supply vessels and set out to attack them. This proved to be disastrous; with their many guns, the galleasses alone were said to have sunk up to 70 Ottoman galleys before the Ottoman fleet left them behind. Their attacks also disrupted the Ottoman formations.
As the battle started, Doria found that Uluç Ali's galleys extended further to the south than his own, and so headed south to avoid being outflanked, instead of holding the Christian line. After the battle Doria was accused of having maneuvered his fleet away from the bulk of the battle to avoid taking damage and casualties. Regardless, he ended up being outmaneuvered by Uluç Ali, who turned back and attacked the southern end of the Centre Division, taking advantage of the big gap that Doria had left.
In the north, Chulouk Bey had managed to get between the shore and the Christian North Division, with six galleys in an outflanking move, and initially the Christian fleet suffered. Commander Barbarigo was killed by an arrow, but the Venetians, turning to face the threat, held their line. The return of a galleass saved the Christian North Division. The Christian Centre also held the line with the help of the Reserve, after taking a great deal of damage, and caused great damage to the Muslim Centre. In the south, off-shore side, Doria was engaged in a melee with Uluç Ali's ships, taking the worse part. Meanwhile Uluç Ali himself commanded 16 galleys in a fast attack on the Christian Centre, taking six galleys—amongst them the Maltese Capitana, killing all but three men on board. Its commander, Pietro Giustiniani, Prior to the Order of St. John , was severely wounded by five arrows, but was found alive in his cabin. The intervention of the Spaniards Álvaro de Bazán and Juan de Cardona with the reserve turned the battle, both in the Centre and in Doria's South Wing.
Uluç Ali was forced to flee with 16 galleys and 24 galliots, abandoning all but one of his captures. During the course of the battle, the Ottoman Commander's ship was boarded and the Spanish tercios from 3 galleys and the Ottoman Janissaries from seven galleys fought on the deck of the Sultana. [20] Twice the Spanish were repelled with heavy casualties, but at the third attempt, with reinforcements from Álvaro de Bazán's galley, they took the ship. Müezzinzade Ali Pasha was killed and beheaded, against the wishes of Don Juan. However, when his severed head was displayed on a pike from the Spanish flagship, it contributed greatly to the destruction of Turkish morale. Even after the battle had clearly turned against the Turks, groups of Janissaries still kept fighting with all they had. It is said that at some point the Janissaries ran out of weapons and started throwing oranges and lemons at their Christian adversaries, leading to awkward scenes of laughter among the general misery of battle. [8]
The battle concluded around 4 pm. The Ottoman fleet suffered the loss of about 210 ships—of which 117 galleys, 10 galliots and three fustas were captured and in good enough condition for the Christians to keep. On the Christian side 20 galleys were destroyed and 30 were damaged so seriously that they had to be scuttled. One Venetian galley was the only prize kept by the Turks; all others were abandoned by them and recaptured.
Uluç Ali, who had captured the flagship of the Maltese Knights, succeeded in extricating most of his ships from the battle when defeat was certain. Although he had cut the tow on the Maltese flagship in order to get away, he sailed to Constantinople, gathering up other Ottoman ships along the way and finally arriving there with 87 vessels. He presented the huge Maltese flag to Sultan Selim II who thereupon bestowed upon him the honorary title of "kιlιç" (Sword); Uluç thus became known as Kılıç Ali Pasha .
The Holy League had suffered around 7,500 soldiers, sailors and rowers dead, but freed about as many Christian prisoners. Ottoman casualties were around 15,000, and at least 3,500 were captured.
Aftermath
Edit
A sinking Ottoman Navy vessel, painting by Pieter Brünniche, 1762.
The engagement was a significant defeat for the Ottomans, who had not lost a major naval battle since the fifteenth century. The defeat was mourned by them as an act of Divine Will, contemporary chronicles recording that "the Imperial Fleet encountered the fleet of the wretched infidels and the will of God turned another way." [21] To half of Christendom, this event encouraged hope for the downfall of "the Turk", the Satan-like personification of the Ottoman Empire, [22] who was regarded as the "Sempiternal Enemy of the Christian". Indeed, the Empire lost all but 30 of its ships and as many as 30,000 men, [18] and some Western historians have held it to be the most decisive naval battle anywhere on the globe since the Battle of Actium of 31 BC.
Despite the decisive defeat, the Ottoman Empire rebuilt its navy with a massive effort, by largely imitating the successful Venetian galeasses, in a very short time. By 1572, about six months after the defeat, more than 150 galleys and 8 galleasses, in total 250 ships had been built, including eight of the largest capital ships ever seen in the Mediterranean. [23] With this new fleet the Ottoman Empire was able to reassert its supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean. [24] On 7 March 1573 the Venetians thus recognized by treaty the Ottoman possession of Cyprus, whose last Venetian possession, Famagosta , had fallen to the Turks under Piyale Pasha on 3 August 1571, just two months before Lepanto, and remained Turkish for the next three centuries, and that summer the Ottoman Navy attacked the geographically vulnerable coasts of Sicily and southern Italy. Sultan Selim II's Chief Minister, the Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokullu, argued to the Venetian emissary Marcantonio Barbaro that the Christian triumph at Lepanto made no lasting harm to the Ottoman Empire, while the capture of Cyprus by the Ottomans in the same year was a significant blow, saying that:
You come to see how we bear our misfortune. But I would have you know the difference between your loss and ours. In wresting Cyprus from you, we deprived you of an arm; in defeating our fleet, you have only shaved our beard. An arm when cut off cannot grow again; but a shorn beard will grow all the better for the razor. [25]
Numerous historians pointed out the historical importance of the battle and how it served as a turning point in history. For instance, it is argued that while the ships were relatively easily replaced, [18] it proved much harder to man them, since so many experienced sailors, oarsmen and soldiers had been lost. The loss of so many of its experienced sailors at Lepanto sapped the fighting effectiveness of the Ottoman Navy, a fact emphasized by its avoidance of major confrontations with Christian navies in the years following the battle. Other historians have suggested that the reason for the Turks being contained at the time had less to do with the battle of Lepanto but the fact that they had to contend with a series of wars with Persia , a strong military power at the time.
After 1580, the discouraged Ottomans left the fleet to rot in the waters of the Horn. [26] Especially critical was the loss of most of the caliphate's composite bowmen , which, far beyond ship rams and early firearms, were the Ottoman's main embarked weapon. British historian John Keegan noted that the losses in this highly specialized class of warrior were irreplaceable in a generation, and in fact represented "the death of a living tradition" for the Ottomans. [18] Historian Paul K. Davis has argued that:
This Turkish defeat stopped Ottomans' expansion into the Mediterranean, thus maintaining western dominance, and confidence grew in the west that Turks, previously unstoppable, could be beaten. [27]
Detailed positions of both forces during the battle.
Thus, this victory for the Holy League was historically important not only because the Turks lost 80 ships sunk and 130 captured by the Allies, and 30,000 men killed (not including 12,000 Christian galley slaves who were freed) while allied losses were 7,500 men and 17 galleys—but because the victory heralded the end of Turkish supremacy in the Mediterranean. [18] [28]
However, in 1574, the Ottomans retook the strategic city of Tunis from the Spanish-supported Hafsid dynasty, which had been re-installed after Don Juan's forces reconquered the city from the Ottomans the year before. Thanks to the long-standing Franco-Ottoman alliance , the Ottomans were able to resume naval activity in the western Mediterranean. In 1576 the Ottomans helped Abdul Malik's capture of Fez reinforced Ottoman indirect conquests in Morocco that had begun under Süleyman the Magnificent . The establishment of Ottoman suzerainty over the area placed the entire southern coast of the Mediterranean from the Straits of Gibraltar to Greece under Ottoman authority, with the exceptions of the Spanish-controlled trading city of Oran and strategic settlements such as Melilla and Ceuta.
Religious significance
Edit
The Holy League credited the victory to the Virgin Mary, whose intercession with God they had implored for victory through the use of the Rosary . Andrea Doria had kept a copy of the miraculous image of Our Lady of Guadalupe given to him by King Philip II of Spain in his ship's state room. [29] Pope Pius V instituted a new Catholic feast day of Our Lady of Victory to commemorate the battle, which is now celebrated by the Catholic Church as the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary . [30] [31]
Depictions in art and culture
Battle of Lepanto, part of a 19th-century carpet in a museum in Gennep, Netherlands.
The significance of Lepanto has inspired artists in various fields.
One piece of commemorative music composed after the victory is the motet Canticum Moysis ( Song of Moses Exodus 15 ) Pro victoria navali contra Turcas by the Spanish composer based in Rome Fernando de las Infantas [32]
The other piece of music is Jacobus de Kerle "Cantio octo vocum de sacro foedere contra Turcas" 1572 (Song in Eight Voices on the Holy League Against the Turks), described as an exuberantly militaristic piece celebrating victory over the Turks. [33]
There were celebrations and festivities with triumphs and pageants at Rome and Venice with Turkish slaves in chains. [34]
There are many pictorial representations of the battle, including one in the Doge's Palace in Venice, by Andrea Vicentino on the walls of the Sala dello Scrutinio, which replaced Tintoretto 's Victory of Lepanto, destroyed by fire in 1577. A painting by Paolo Veronese is in the collection of the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice and Titian 's Allegory of the Battle of Lepanto , using the battle as a background, hangs in the Prado in Madrid. A painting by Filipino painter Juan Luna depicting the Battle of Lepanto is also displayed at the Spanish Senate in Madrid.
The battle has also appeared in literature and poetry. Spanish poet Fernando de Herrera wrote the poem "Canción en alabanza de la divina majestad por la victoria del Señor Don Juan" in 1572. The English author G. K. Chesterton wrote a poem Lepanto , first published in 1911 and republished many times since. It provides a series of poetic visions of the major characters in the battle, particularly the leader of the Christian forces, Don Juan of Austria ( John of Austria ). It closes with verses linking Miguel de Cervantes , who fought in the battle, with the "lean and foolish knight" he would later immortalize in Don Quixote . Miguel de Cervantes lost the use of an arm in this battle and therefore he is known as el manco de Lepanto in the Hispanic world.
The battle also features prominently in Scenes from an Execution by British playwright Howard Barker , in which a fictional artist is commissioned to create a painting of the battle.
The battle is also depicted as a mission in the game, Age of Empires 2: The Conquerors , where the player is required to defend the region from Turkish fleets, with or without the help of the Greeks.
In Japanese light novel Kyoukai Senjou no Horizon , one of major event prior to the story is reenactment of Battle of Lepanto.
A musical piece composed by Andreas Waldetoft for the game Europa Universalis IV is named after the battle of Lepanto. [35]
See also
| Ottoman |
Who had two, number two hits in 1958 with 'Return To Me' and 'Volare'? | The Ottoman Naval Defeat At The Battle Of Lepanto - YouTube
The Ottoman Naval Defeat At The Battle Of Lepanto
Want to watch this again later?
Sign in to add this video to a playlist.
Need to report the video?
Sign in to report inappropriate content.
The interactive transcript could not be loaded.
Loading...
Rating is available when the video has been rented.
This feature is not available right now. Please try again later.
Published on May 2, 2015
The Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of southern European Catholic maritime states, decisively defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire in five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece. The Ottoman forces sailing westwards from their naval station in Lepanto (Turkish: İnebahtı; Greek: Ναύπακτος or Έπαχτος Naupaktos or Épahtos) met the Holy League forces, which had come from Messina, Sicily, where they had previously gathered.
The victory of the Holy League prevented the Ottoman Empire expanding further along the European side of the Mediterranean. Lepanto was the last major naval battle in the Mediterranean fought entirely between galleys and has been assigned great symbolic importance by Catholic and other historians. Some historians argue that a Turkish victory could have led to Western Europe being overrun.
The Christian coalition had been promoted by Pope Pius V to rescue the Venetian colony of Famagusta, on the island of Cyprus, which was being besieged by the Turks in early 1571 subsequent to the fall of Nicosia and other Venetian possessions in Cyprus in the course of 1570.
The banner for the fleet, blessed by the pope, reached the Kingdom of Naples (then ruled by the King of Spain) on 14 August 1571. There, in the Basilica of Santa Chiara, it was solemnly consigned to John of Austria, who had been named leader of the coalition after long discussions between the allies. The fleet moved to Sicily and leaving Messina reached (after several stops) the port of Viscardo in Cephalonia, where news arrived of the fall of Famagusta and of the torture inflicted by the Turks on the Venetian commander of the fortress, Marco Antonio Bragadin.
On 1 August, the Venetians had surrendered after being reassured that they could leave Cyprus freely. However, the Ottoman commander, Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha, who had lost some 52,000 men in the siege (including his son), broke his word, imprisoning the Venetians. On 17 August, Bragadin was flayed alive and his corpse hung on Mustafa's galley together with the heads of the Venetian commanders, Astorre Baglioni, Alvise Martinengo and Gianantonio Querini.
Despite bad weather, the Christian ships sailed south and, on 6 October, they reached the port of Sami, Cephalonia (then also called Val d'Alessandria), where they remained for a while. On 7 October, they sailed toward the Gulf of Patras, where they encountered the Ottoman fleet. While neither fleet had immediate strategic resources or objectives in the gulf, both chose to engage. The Ottoman fleet had an express order from the Sultan to fight, and John of Austria found it necessary to attack in order to maintain the integrity of the expedition in the face of personal and political disagreements within the Holy League.
Forces
The members of the Holy League were Spain (including the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the Spanish possessions), the Republic of Venice, the Papacy,the Republic of Genoa, the Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Urbino, the Knights Hospitaller and others. Its fleet consisted of 206 galleys and 6 galleasses (large new galleys, invented by the Venetians, which carried substantial artillery) and was commanded by Don John of Austria, the illegitimate son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire, and half-brother of Philip II of Spain, supported by the Spanish commanders Don Luis de Requesens and Don Álvaro de Bazán, and Genoan commander Gianandrea Doria.
Vessels had been contributed by the various Christian states: 109 galleys and 6 galleasses from the Republic of Venice, 56 from the Spanish Empire (32 galleys from the Kingdom of Naples, 14 galleys from Spain, and 10 galleys from the Kingdom of Sicily), 7 galleys from the Pope, 27 galleys from the Republic of Genoa (partly financed by Spain), 3 galleys of the Order of Saint Stephen from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, 3 galleys each from the Duchy of Savoy and the Knights of Malta, and some privately owned galleys in Spanish service. All members of the alliance viewed the Ottoman navy as a significant threat, both to the security of maritime trade in the Mediterranean Sea and to the security of continental Europe itself. Spain was the largest financial contributor, though the Spaniards preferred to preserve most of their galleys for Spain's own wars against the nearby sultanates of the Barbary Coast rather than expend its naval strength for the benefit of Venice. The various Christian contingents met the main force, that of Venice (under Venier), in July and August 1571 at Messina, Sicily. John of Austria arrived on 23 August.
Category
| i don't know |
What is the name of the black stone in Mecca, visited by pilgrims during the Hajj? | Black Stone of Mecca Kaaba Angel Gabriel Hajj Islam
By Whitney Hopler
Updated April 21, 2016.
The Black Stone of Mecca is a crystal stone that Muslims believe came from heaven to earth through Archangel Gabriel . It is the centerpiece of a sacred ritual called tawaf that many pilgrims perform on hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, Saudi Arabia -- a pilgrimage that Islam requires its faithful to make at least once in their lifetimes, if at all possible. The stone is located inside the Kaaba, a chamber in the center of the Masjid al-Haram mosque.
The Kaaba, which is covered with a black drape, displays the black stone about five feet off the ground, and worshipers walk around it during their pilgrimages. Muslim pilgrims revere the stone as a powerful symbol of faith. Here's why:
From Adam to Gabriel and Abraham
Muslims believe that the first human being, Adam , originally received the black stone from God and used it as part of an altar for worship. Then, Muslims say, the stone was hidden for many years on a mountain, until Gabriel , the archangel of revelation, brought it to the prophet Abraham to use in another altar: the altar where God tested Abraham's faith by calling him to sacrifice his son Ishmael (unlike Jews and Christians, who believe that Abraham laid his son Isaac on the altar , Muslims believe that it was Abraham's son Ishmael instead).
What Kind of Stone Is It?
Since the stone's caretakers haven't allowed any scientific tests to be performed in the stone, people can only speculate on what type of stone it is -- and several popular theories exist. One says that the stone is a meteorite. Other theories propose that the stone is basalt , agate , or obsidian.
In his book Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present , Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon comments: "Regarded by some as a meteorite, the black stone symbolizes God’s right hand, thus touching or pointing to it reenacts the covenant between God and man, that is, man’s acknowledgement of God’s lordship."
Turned from White to Black by Sin
The black stone was originally white, but turned black from being in a fallen world where it absorbed the effects of humanity's sins , Muslim tradition says.
In Pilgrimage, Davidson and Gitlitz write that the black stone is "the remains of what Muslims believe is the altar that Abraham built. Popular legends say that the black stone is a meteorite worshiped by pre-Muslims. Some believe that the ancient stone was brought from a nearby mountain by the archangel Gabriel and that it was originally white; its black color comes from it having absorbed people’s sins."
Broken But Now Held Together in Fragments
The stone, which is about 11 inches by 15 inches in size, was damaged over the years and broke up into several pieces, so it is now held together inside a silver frame. Pilgrims may kiss or lightly touch it today.
Walking Around the Stone
The sacred ritual associated with the black stone is called tawaf. In their book Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1 , Linda Kay Davidson and David Martin Gitlitz write: "In a rite called tawaf, which they perform three times during the hajj, they circumambulate the Kaaba counterclockwise seven times. ... Each time pilgrims pass the black stone they recite a prayer from the Qur’an : 'In the name of God, and God is supreme.' If they can, pilgrims approach the Kaaba and kiss it ... or they make a gesture of kissing the Ka’ba each time if they cannot reach it."
When he used the black stone in the altar he built to God, Abraham used it "as a mark to indicate the beginning and end points of pilgrims' circumambulations," write Hilmi Aydın, Ahmet Dogru, and Talha Ugurluel in their book The Sacred Trusts . They continue by describing the stone's role in tawaf today: "One is required to either kiss the stone or salute it from afar on each of the seven circumambulations."
Circling God's Throne
The circular paces that pilgrims make around the black stone are symbolic of how angels constantly circle around God's throne in heaven , writes Malcolm Clark in his book Islam For Dummies . Clark comments that the Kaaba "is believed to be a replica of the house of God in the seventh heaven, where God’s throne is located. Worshipers, in circling around the Kaaba, duplicate the movements of the angels continuously circling around the throne of God."
| Kaaba |
Who voices 'Chris', the Silver Track mechanic, in the cartoon series 'Roary the Racing Car' and also sings the theme tune? | BBC - Religions - Islam: Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
Women must not cover their faces, even if they would do so in their home country.
Men may not wear clothes with stitching.
Bathing is allowed but scented soaps are frowned upon.
Umra
The Hajj is a real pilgrimage - a journey, with rites and rituals to be done along the way.
You begin at a place just outside Mecca called the Miqat, or entry station to the Hajj.
There you bathe, put on the Ihram (the special white clothes), make the intention for Umra and begin reciting the Talbiya Du'a (prayer).
Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am at your service! You have no partner. Here I am at your service. All praise and blessings belong to you. All dominion is yours and You have no partner.
Talbiya Du'a
Then you go to the Masjid al Haram and walk around the Ka'ba seven times repeating du'as and prayers. This is called the Tawaf. Afterwards you should sip some Zam Zam water.
Zam Zam water is water from the Zam Zam well, the sacred well which opened in the desert to save Hajira and Is'mail from dying of thirst.
Next you go to the walkway between the hills of Safa and Marwa and walk back and forth between them seven times.
This completes the Umra portion of the Hajj rituals and some of the Ihram restrictions are relaxed.
Hajj
Now make your intention for the Hajj and put on the Ihram garments again.
Travel to Mina on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah (a date in the Islamic calendar) and remain there until Fajr (dawn) next morning.
Then you travel to the valley of Arafat and stand in the open praising Allah. The heat of Arabia at midday provides a hint as to what the Day of Judgement will be like.
At the end of the day, travel to Muzdalifa for the night. Gather together 49 or 70 small stones together to use the next day.
One of the pillars of Jamraat ©
In the morning you return to Mina and throw the stones at pillars called Jamraat. These represent the devil. Then a sacrifice called a Qurbani should be made in which a lamb or sheep is slaughtered and the meat distributed among the poor. After this, men's heads are shaved and women cut a lock of their hair.
Then return to Mecca and make a Tawaf (this is the ritual of walking around the Ka'aba seven times). Then it's back to Mina for 3 or 4 days, stoning the pillars each day.
Finally do a farewell Tawaf in Masjid-al Haram on the twelfth day of the month of Dhul Hijjah, ask Allah's forgiveness, make du'a and the Hajj is finished.
Many people then go to the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, but this is optional.
A man who has completed the Hajj is called a Hajji, a woman who has completed it is called a Hajjah.
At the end of the Hajj, Muslims from all over the world celebrate the holiday known as the Eid ul Adha or Festival of the sacrifice.
This festival commemorates the obedience of the Prophet Ibrahim when he was ordered to sacrifice his son Is'mail.
Ibrahim proved his love and devotion to Allah by showing his willingness to kill his beloved son if Allah wished it. In the end Ibrahim did not have to kill his son as Allah gave him a ram to sacrifice instead.
| i don't know |
The t.v. version of which 1977 play by Mike Leigh features Demis Roussos singing 'Forever And Ever'? | Demis Roussos: Singer who began as a prog-rocker then achieved massive solo success with his brand of sunkissed easy listening | The Independent
News
Demis Roussos: Singer who began as a prog-rocker then achieved massive solo success with his brand of sunkissed easy listening
The haunting track 'The Four Horsemen' inspired the likes of Jon Anderson of Yes, Beck, Richard Ashcroft and Noel Gallagher
Monday 26 January 2015 19:10 BST
Click to follow
The Independent Online
Roussos in 1976 with some of his gold and silver discs (and a gold cassette); he sold more than 60m records worldwide Getty
Gifted with a pleading, irresistible voice, particularly an operatic falsetto that seemed to hit a nerve and go right through you, the Greek singer Demis Roussos sold 60 million albums as a solo artist and with his first successful group, Aphrodite's Child. His hairy physique, huge frame, fondness for kaftans and cheesy choice of material, sung in many languages, made him an easy target for parodists but, in the summer of 1976 there was no doubting The Demis Roussos Phenomenon, the title given to his No 1 EP, whose lead track, the cloying, balalaika-flavoured ballad "Forever And Ever", seemed to blare out of every juke-box and radio.
Though the epochal "Rain And Tears" had been a pan-European smash and made the UK Top 30 for Aphrodite's Child in 1968, Britain came late to Roussos. In 1973 he guested on TV shows hosted by Basil Brush and his friend Nana Mouskouri, and by the following year, the Forever And Ever album was becoming ubiquitous. In 1976, the BBC broadcast a documentary entitled The Roussos Phenomenon, providing Philips with the perfect marketing opportunity, not only for "Forever And Ever", but also the equally sentimental follow-up "When Forever Is Gone", a No 2 single that same year.
In 1977 Roussos became a cultural signifier when the BBC broadcast Abigail's Party, the Mike Leigh play starring Alison Steadman as Beverly Moss, the aspirational housewife. Leigh had used "Light My Fire" by José Feliciano in the original production at the Hampstead Theatre in London, but the Play For Today team switched to "Forever And Ever" as the copyright was easier to clear. This proved a double-edged sword for Roussos, instilled within the British psyche, but maybe not as the supreme balladeer, Greece's own Barry White.
He enjoyed further success with The Magic Of Demis Roussos and Live & Love – His Greatest Songs, and occasionally collaborated with Vangelis, most notably on "Tales Of The Future" for the soundtrack to Ridley Scott's 1982 dystopian film Blade Runner.
In June 1985 he was one of 146 passengers on a TWA flight from Cairo to San Diego which was hijacked by members of Hezbollah and Islamic Jihad. He was released after five days, calling the hijackers "nice people".
Born in Alexandria in 194, to Yorgos Roussos, a Greek engineer, and Nelly Mazloum, an Egyptian of Italian origin who had been a film and stage star and continued performing as well as teaching dance and choreography, Demis thrived in this culturally rich environment. He studied musical theory, trumpet and guitar and spent five years as head choirboy at the city's Greek Orthodox Church. However, following the Suez crisis and his parents' divorce he moved to Athens in the early '60s. There, he began singing popular music, eventually joining local cover bands We Five and the Idols.
In 1966, as lead vocalist and bassist, he teamed up with the composer and keyboard-player Evangelos Papathanassiou – Vangelis – the drummer Loukas Sideras and guitarist Anargyros "Silver" Koulouris to form what would become Aphrodite's Child, the name they were given after sending a demo tape to at the London offices of Mercury Records. When the military junta came to power the following year the group moved to the UK, though Koulouris stayed to do his compulsory military service. When their plane landed in Paris because of bad weather, the trio went to the French offices of Philips, Mercury's parent company, and began recording there.
An adaptation of Pachelbel's Canon in D major by Vangelis, with lyrics by Boris Bergman, the plangent "Rain And Tears" had echoes of Procol Harum's "A Whiter Shade Of Pale", the Summer of Love smash, and another atmospheric ballad, "Nights In White Satin'', by the Moody Blues, and propelled Aphrodite's Child into the big league. Between 1968 and 1970 they made the charts throughout most of continental Europe with several of their follow-up, psychedelic pop singles, including the title tracks of their first two albums End Of The World and It's Five O'Clock .
In 1971, Roussos issued his first solo single, ''We Shall Dance'', and debut album, On The Greek Side Of My Mind, but reconvened with Aphrodite's Child for the ambitious concept album 666, based on the Book Of Revelation. Infamous when first issued after Aphrodite's Child broke up in 1972, because listeners were convinced that the Greek actress Irene Papas was pretending to climax on the track "∞" [infinity], the double vinyl set has since grown into a cult classic and one of the albums that defined progressive rock. The haunting track "The Four Horsemen" inspired the likes of Jon Anderson of Yes, Beck, Richard Ashcroft and Noel Gallagher. When I saw Roussos at London's Royal Festival Hall in 2002, the set list ticked all the solo boxes but also included a smattering of Aphrodite's Child classics and the mighty "The Four Horsemen''.
"Even Andy Warhol had a copy of 666," Roussos – who had suffered health problems in recent years – said in 2009 when promoting his last album, Demis. "I'm like a painter who has had his different periods: jazz, soul, pop, psychedelia, variétés [mainstream, middle of the road success]. I don't have any regrets. I have made over 60 million people happy with my records."
Artemios Ventouris Roussos, singer: born Alexandria, Egypt 15 June 1946; married three times; died Athens 25 January 2015.
| Abigail's Party |
What is the English name for the Rossini opera 'La Gazza Ladra'? | Boot Hill: January 2015
Actor Juan Carlos Galvan has died
DuarioVeloz
1/31/2015
The actor died at age 83. He worked in film, theater and television for over 64 years.
The actor Juan Carlos Galvan died at age 83, according to the Argentina Association of Actors. He excelled on the big screen, theater and television for over 64 years. In 2004 he was awarded by the Senate of the Nation and the Argentina Association of Actors with Podesta Honorable Achievement Award.
His remains are veiled in Zucotti House (Thames 1164). From 14 will be transferred to the crematorium in the cemetery of Chacarita. "Our condolences to his daughter, actress Fabiana García Lago, his sister Virginia Lake, family, friends and coworkers," expressed from said entity statement.
Del cuplé al tango, Los Acusados, Fin de fiesta con Arturo García Buhr y Graciela Borges, Propiedad con Tato Bores and Nelly Beltrán, Hombre de la esquina rosada and Los inocentes con Alfredo Alcón were some of the films in which he worked.
In the last decade he filmed Chiche Bombón, Sueños atómicos, Madrileña bonita, Igualita a mí y La sublevación, Historias de cronopios y de fama, among some of his latest film appearances.
On television he was part of the cast of Como pan caliente, Chiquilina mía, La extraña dama, Más allá del horizonte, Alta Comedia, Por siempre Mujercitas, Buenos Vecinos, Barracas al sur, El chupete, Matrimonios y algo más, Vulnerables, El Pulpo Negro,Carola and Carolina, La Bonita Página, La Chona Superstar.
GALVAN, Juan Carlos (Juan Carlos Garcia Galvan)
Born: 6/26/1932, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Died: 1/30/2015, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Juan Carlos Galvan’s westerns – actor:
Savage Pampas – 1966 (Isidro)
Rod McKuen, prolific songwriter and poet, dies at 81
Los Angeles Times
January 29, 2015
Rod McKuen, a prolific songwriter and poet whose compositions include the Academy Award-nominated song “Jean” for the 1969 film “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie,” has died. He was 81.
McKuen had recently been hospitalized and died Thursday at a Beverly Hills rehabilitation center of respiratory arrest after suffering from pneumonia, according to his friend and producer Jim Pierson.
Among McKuen’s commercial successes in the 1960s and '70s were his reworking of Jacques Brel’s song "Le Moribond" for the English-language version of “Seasons in the Sun,” later covered by the Kingston Trio and Terry Jacks. Frank Sinatra recorded an album of McKuen songs in 1969 called “A Man Alone,” which included “Love’s Been Good to Me.”
He composed some wonderful and tuneful songs - I was just humming "Love's Been Good to Me" a couple of days ago. How great to leave songs that people sing -- onstage or in the shower.
Besides his score for “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie,” McKuen’s music for the animated feature “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” was also nominated for an Oscar.
McKuen was born in Oakland in 1933 and wrote later of an unhappy childhood and the abuse he endured at the hands of his stepfather. In the '60s, McKuen moved to Paris and began writing poetry. In all, he published more than three dozen collections of poems and essays.
Dies in Rio actress Vanja Orico, the 'Cangaço Cycle muse'
She struggled against bowel cancer and had multiple organ failure.
Actress was the only Brazilian to work with Italian director Frederico Fellini.
1/28/2015
She died on Wednesday (28) in Rio, after 85 years, the singer, actress and filmmaker Vanja Orico. Affected by Alzheimer's, she still struggled against bowel cancer and was hospitalized since 11 January. The funeral is scheduled for this Thursday (29), at 16h, in St. John the Baptist Cemetery, South Zone of Rio.
Vanja was designed in the art scene in 1953 when interpreting the music Woman Lacemaker, movie theme The Cangaceiro, Lima Barreto. She ended up being consecrated as the Muse "Cangaço Cycle", and participated in films like Lantern, The King's Cangaço and Jesuíno Bright, the bandit.
The Rio de Janeiro artist participated in more than 20 films and was the only Brazilian actress to work with the filmmaker Federico Fellini, in the 50s, in the movie "Luci del varietà" ("Women and Lights").
Vanja also had notable participation during the military dictatorship. She was arrested and tortured after stopping the action of police during the student's funeral Edson Luiz, killed by repression. "Do not shoot, we're all Brazilians," would have screamed Vanja to police the system.
1/25/2015
The famous actor, satirist, humorist, singer and pianist, died yesterday at the age of 84 in Belgrade.
He was born on June 16, 1931 in Belgrade and was a theater actor, but he also tried his hand at film and radio. He attended elementary school, high school and the Academy for theater, film, radio and television in the class of Professor Raše Plaovića.
The rich acting career was realized in important roles in the plays "Jaje", "Olovka piše srcem","Tužna je nedelja", "Revizor", "Sponzor noćas mora pasti".. Egg".
He was the first actor in Belgrade who played monodrama, Gogol's play "The Diary of a Madman," He had some original shows on television programs such as "Godine prolaze vreme teče". His acting power ruled the scene and won the audience.
He retired after 40 years of work at the National Theatre in Belgrade, where he appeared in more than 120 roles. Someone at that time wrote that the National Theatre has a great, small stage and Pavle Minčić.
He received many awards ("Radoje Domanović", "Golden Turkey", "Golden Laurel" and others) including plaque "Artists and Performers" and "Golden Chain Award for Lifetime Achievement" for lasting contribution to culture. He was a prominent member of the "OSISANI hedgehog".
He will be remembered as a hero of our childhood, a cheerful spirit and dear to the hearts of many generations while playing Paju in the children's series “Na slovo, na slovo”, in “Davitelj protiv Davitelja” played Dr. Dobricu Kopicl, in a series of “Pozorište u kući” was Sonny Boy, and Živorad in the series “Ljubav na seoski način”, and all this in addition to numerous television films in which he played.
He was modest, never worked for money and did not get a national pension, while at the same time show performers received spoke: "It's behind me now," he usually rode the trolley.
1/26/2015
Marshall Schlom, a Hollywood script supervisor for four decades who worked with Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kramer, Mike Nichols and all the top directors of his day, has died. He was 86.
Schlom died Wednesday of complications from a fall at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, his daughter, Wendi, told The Hollywood Reporter.
His father was Herman Schlom, a top producer at RKO Studios who did such features as the film noir classic Born to Kill (1947) as well as several Dick Tracy movies.
Marshall Schlom’s incredible body of work includes Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960), William Wyler’s Funny Girl (1968), Peter Bogdanovich’s The Last Picture Show (1971), Franklin J. Schaffner’s Papillon (1973), Barry Levinson’s Rain Man (1988), John Hughes’ Uncle Buck (1989) and Mark Rydell’s On Golden Pond (1981),
He worked with Kramer on Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), Pressure Point (1962), It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), Ship of Fools (1965), Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967), The Secret of Santa Vittoria (1969), Bless the Beasts & Children (1971) and The Domino Killings (1977).
Schlom teamed with Herbert Ross on Funny Lady (1975), The Sunshine Boys (1975) and California Suite (1978); with Arthur Penn on The Chase (1966) and Night Moves (1975); with Richard Brooks on The Happy Ending (1969), $ (1971) and Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977); with Nichols on Silkwood (1983) and Postcards From the Edge (1990); and with Mel Brooks on Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993) and Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995), his final credit.
Schlom also served as script supervisor on the CBS series Perry Mason from 1963-66, worked on NBC's The Monkees and was a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences foreign film committee for four decades.
Schlom attended the University of California at Berkeley and UCLA, then set out to join his father at RKO. Studio chief Howard Hughes would not permit relatives of employees to be hired, however, so he submitted his résumé under the name of Michael Scott and landed a job.
Talking about working with Hitchcock on Psycho, Schlom said in 2012 interview that the director “knew everything about making movies, it was his job to go to work and make movies.
“I can tell you without a doubt, he knew more about making movies than any other director that I’ve been associated with. He ran a master class for me, that’s the best way to describe it.”
In addition to his daughter Wendi, Schlom also is survived by his wife of 64 years, Dorothy; children Val and Marla; grandchildren Evan, Derek, Zoe, Micah, Jenna and Hunter; and sister Lois.
Mexican actor, singer Demetrio ‘El Charro Spanish’ González has died.
1/26/2015
The baritone singer and actor Demetrio González, one of the figures of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, who worked alongside greats like Luis Aguilar, Lola Beltran, Jose Alfredo Jimenez and Miguel Aceves Mejía, among others, died Sunday at 8:50 pm in his house in Tepoztlan, Morelos, at 87 years of age.
In an interview with Notimex, Rodolfo Gonzalez, son of so-called 'El Charro Spanish,' said his father "became very sick year from a stroke and was already very ill, died yesterday ".
He said that the actor "last year was very weak, but for a long time has been ill, so it was that the last seven years he lived there (Tepoztlan)".
He said Demetrio González was removed from the art around 35 years ago and much time was spent on their stuff; although in recent years was now completely removed from everything."
He added that he and Rodrigo and Barbara are the children who survived the late actor who celebrated a marriage with Maria Lourdes Rosas Priego and a second with Marina Tuero Tamayo.
In recent years, "his favorite pastime was watching television, where he saw his films, among his favorite were 'Los Laureles' and 'Caminos de Guanajuato' by his friend José Alfredo Jiménez," said Rodolfo.
Demetrio González was born in Asturias, Spain on October 7, 1927 and died on January 25, 2015 in Tepoztlan, Morelos.
The son of the actor reported that on Monday at 21:00's his remains were cremated at a well-known funeral home, where he was viewed by family and friends.
Born: 10/7/1927, Castiello de Bernueces Gijon, Asturias, Spain
Died: 1/25/2015, Tepoztlan, Morelos, Mexico
Demetrio González’s westerns – actor:
El jinete solitario – 1958
Guitarras de medianoche – 1958 (Demetrio)
Tan bueno el giro como el Colorado – 1959 (Demetrio González 'El Gallo Colorado')
Dos maridos baratos – 1960
El jinete solitario' en El valle de los desaparecidos: La venganza del jinete solitario – 1960 (Demetrio/Jinete solitario)
Los inocentes – 1961
Pa' qué me sirve la vida – 1961 (Demetrio Morales)
Pobre del pobre - 1961
Los cinco halcones – 1962 (Doctor Demetrio)
Vuelven los cinco halcones – 1962 (doctor)
El lobo blanco - 1962
El amor llegó a Jalisco - 1963
Para todas hay – 1965
Gallo corriente, gallo valiente - 1966
Ambición sangrienta – 1968 (Teniente Fermín Moreno)
Cuatro hombres marcados - 1968
Greek singer Demis Roussos dies aged 68
Greek singer Demis Roussos, who sold more than 60 million albums worldwide, has died aged 68 the Hygeia Hospital in Athens has confirmed to the BBC.
He was best known for his solo hits in the 1970s and 80s, including Forever and Ever, Goodbye and Quand je t'aime.
He was also a member of progressive rock group Aphrodite's Child.
Roussos was renowned for his off-screen role in Mike Leigh's 1977 TV play Abigail's party, having provided the party's soundtrack.
Roussos was as famous for his outfits as his music
He had been in the private hospital with an undisclosed illness for some time.
Greek singer Nana Mouskouri paid tribute on French radio RTL: "He had a superb voice, he travelled in the world ... he loved what he was doing.
"He was an artist, a friend. I hope he is in a better world."
The singer was born Artemios Ventouris Roussos in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1946, to a Greek father and Egyptian mother of Italian origin.
He was raised there until his parents moved to Greece in the early 60s after losing their possessions during the Suez Crisis.
Roussos began his music career at 17, when he joined the a band called The Idols, where he met his future Aphrodite's Child bandmate Vangelis.
Aphrodite's Child produced three albums including It's Five O'Clock and The Apocalypse of St John, and enjoyed huge success in Europe in the late 1960s, especially France.
Roussos went on to enjoy a successful solo career, topping the charts in several countries with Forever And Ever in 1973, before doing the same in the UK in 1976.
The 1970s were a prolific time for the singer who talked about his UK success during that time in an interview with The Guardian in 1999.
"This country was one of my most important territories," said Roussos.
"Back in '75 I had five albums in the top 10. Simultaneously. And among them the number one album and the number one single. And my name was mentioned twice or three times in the Guinness Book of Records."
He continued: "In 1975 I had the award for the top male artist, the award for top single, the award for top album. The Abba and me we took everything. Hahahaha!"
Other solo hits include My Friend the Wind, My Reason, Someday Somewhere and Happy To Be On An Island In The Sun.
Roussos' fondness for kaftans saw him dubbed "the Kaftan King" and he often wore them for his performances on shows such as Top of the Pops.
He was also famous for his vocal adaptation of the score from the 1981 film Chariots of Fire, which had been composed by Vangelis.
In 1978 he decided to keep a lower profile and moved to Malibu Beach in the US.
Plane hijack
On 14 June, 1985, Roussos boarded TWA Flight 847 from Athens to Rome - and found himself at the mercy of the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, who hijacked the plane.
The men, who had smuggled a pistol and grenades through airport security, held the passengers at gunpoint.
The militant group demanded the release of 17 members of Hezbollah and the Iraqi Islamic Daawa Party, who had been detained in Kuwait for attacks that killed six people in 1983.
Roussos spent his 39th birthday in captivity, before being released in Beirut on 18 June - but most of the remaining 153 passengers spent 17 days on the plane.
Speaking to the Reuters news agency at the time, the singer said he had been "treated quite well".
"They gave me a birthday cake and they gave me a guitar, to sing," he said. "They have been very polite and very nice with us."
Return to music
Over the years, his quote became misinterpreted and distorted. Some papers said he had serenaded the hijackers. Others claimed he had pledged allegiance to Hezbollah.
Roussos, who rarely spoke about the incident, admitted he was riled by the exaggerations in an interview with Australia's Daily Telegraph in 2006.
"It is not every day that a pop superstar gets involved with terrorism as a victim, so the press takes advantage of that to say things they think are funny.
"I would like to see the journalist [who first reported the claim] in front of gunpoint like I was. Believe me, if he was there he would be so scared he wouldn't care about writing such stupidities like that.''
The experience changed his life and afterwards he decided the best way he could help others and promote understanding in the world was by returning to music.
He released his album The Story of Demis Roussos not long after.
ROUSSOS, Demis (Artemios Ventouris Roussos)
Born: 6/15/1947, Alexandria, Egypt
January 24, 2014
October 26, 1916 - January 13, 2015 Robert Boon, Actor, born in Haarlem, the Netherlands, passed away, peacefully, after a heroic struggle with medical challenges, in West Hills Hospital, CA, at the age of 98. Robert Boon was a member of the Motion Picture Academy for over 50 years and for a number of years a member of the Foreign language Nominating Committee. He appeared as an actor in well known movies, and productions. Just one day short of making that long anticipated move to the Motion Picture and Television Fund Home in Woodland Hills, Robert left a long and colorful life. In 1943 Robert Boon volunteered for the Netherlands India oil battalion, went for training to the USA, and from there to Australia. Attached to the Australian Army he joined for the invasion of Borneo and after VJ day, went to Java and Sumatra and then back to the Netherlands. While studying in Amsterdam he got interested in theatre, but because of financial necessity left for Curacao to work for BPM (Shell Oil), in the Dutch West Indies where he joined a "Little Theatre" co. and did work for the local radio station as an actor and writer. Robert first landed in NYC where he quickly found work in Radio / Live T.V. He soon settled in Los Angeles in 1947, and worked in his first movie "Berlin Express". Robert would be working in Films /TV right into his eighties. His Family and all of his Friends, who had the privilege to share his Friendship, humor and stories, will truly miss him. His ashes will be scattered/Ocean. A Celebration of Roberts' life with Family and Friends will be hosted by one of his Friends, Ans E.,in July 2015.
January 24, 2015
1914 - January 18, 2015 Richard F. McWhorter passed away on Jan 18, 2014 at the age of 100, peacefully in his home in the Los Angeles area. He began his movie industry career at Columbia Studios as a messenger boy in 1933. By 1937 he was working as a First Assistant at Paramount Studios, and was one of the original members of Directors Guild of America. His career eventually evolved into directing and producing. He worked with producers and directors including King Vidor, Sir Carol Reed, Hal Wallis and Frank Capra: Actors such as Burt Lancaster, Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor. A few of the most notable films he worked on are Rose Tattoo, Taming of the Shrew and Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid. When he was not working he could be found on the links of Wilshire Country Club, a 50 plus year avid golfer. In 1944 he started Studio Process Body Company which provided break-away auto and truck bodies for rent to studios for use in close up scenes. He is proceeded in death by Loreine McWhorter loving mother of his children, Adrian McWhorter, beloved wife of his later years, and his son Richard Dennis McWhorter. He is survived by his daughter Nancy Lord, son-in-law Michael Lord, daughter-in-law Francesca McWhorter, 8 grandchildren and 16 great grandchildren. No memorial service is planned.
McWHORTER, Richard (Richard F. McWhorter)
Born: 6/6/1914, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Died: 1/18/2015, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Richard McWhorter’s westerns – assistant director, production manager:
Arizona – 1940 [assistant director]
Desert Fury – 1947 [assistant director]
Unconquered – 1947 [assistant director]
The Paleface – 1948 [assistant director]
Red Mountain – 1951 [assistant director]
Silver City – 1951 [assistant director]
Broken Lance – 1954 [production manager]
Posted by
January 19, 2015
LASKO--Gene, was a producer-director who worked with such esteemed actors as Dustin Hoffman and Marlon Brando. An Emmy Award winner, he directed and associate produced over 150 daytime television shows. Mr. Lasko was active in founding The National Theatre of the Deaf. He taught at NYU and SUNY Purchase, and chaired the Directing Department at the Actors Studio Drama School at the New School. He is survived by his nieces Joan Friedland and Margaret Crastnopol.
LASKO, Gene (Eugene V. Lasko)
Born: 193?, U.S.A.
Died: 1/19/2015, New York City, New York, U.S.A.
Gene Lasko’s westerns – producer, creative consultant:
Little Big Man – 1970 [associate producer]
When Legends Die – 1972 [producer]
The Missouri Breaks – 1976 [creative consultant]
Posted by
January 21, 2015
Frank Mazzola, longtime film editor and actor and technical consultant for the James Dean classic “Rebel Without a Cause,” died Jan. 13. He was 79.
The Hollywood native began his career as a child actor, with parts in films including “The Hunchback of Notre Dame,” “Always in My Heart,” “Casablanca” and “The Boy with the Green Hair.” After an extra role in Elia Kazan’s “East of Eden,” Mazzola worked in the most high-profile film of his career, “Rebel Without a Cause.”
In addition to playing the character of Crunch, Mazzola provided technical assistance on the film, advising director Nicholas Ray on creating the reality of rebellious teens from middle class families. He aided in the choosing of the film’s 1949 Mercury 8 Coupe as well as the red jacket worn by Dean in the film, and even helped stage the knife duel between Dean and Corey Allen.
Mazzola transitioned into a career as a film editor, working throughout the ’70s, ’80s and ’90s, on films including “Macho Callahan,” “Stiletto,” “Performance,” “The Hired Hand” and “The Second Coming of Suzanne.” In 1999, Mazzola completed work on a director’s cut of “Wild Side,” from the late director Donald Cammell, who died in 1996.
He is survived by four daughters and three grandchildren. Services will be held at 11:30 a.m. on Saturday, January 31 at Blessed Sacrament church in Hollywood.
January 17, 2015
Walt Peregoy, the legendary artist who was the color stylist of Disney’s One Hundred and One Dalmatians and headed up Hanna-Barbera’s background department for a time during the late-Sixties, passed away yesterday at the age 89. The news was first reported by Disney’s official D23 Twitter account, which misidentified Peregoy as an animator.
Born Alwyn Walter Peregoy in Los Angeles in 1925, and raised on a small island in San Francisco Bay, Peregoy often described his background as “American white trash.” As a teenager, he attended Saturday art classes at Chouinard Art Institute. He dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, and was hired at Disney at the age of 17 in the position of “traffic boy,” the lowest-rung employees at the studio who ferried artwork and supplies between offices. He quit after just a few months, saying that the studio felt too much like a factory, and wouldn’t return for another eight years.
Following a short stint as a cowhand on the Irvine Ranch and a tour with the Coast Guard during World War II, Peregoy moved to San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, where he studied painting and sculpture at the Escuela de Bellas Artes “under the influence of [David Alfaro] Siqueiros, Diego Rivera and [José Clemente] Orozco.” Later in the 1940s, he lived in Paris where he studied painting. A key influence on him at this time was the French painter Fernand Léger.
He was rehired at Disney in 1951 where “he started at the bottom again.” Peregoy worked for four years in the animation department as an inbetweener, assistant animator and clean-up artist, before production designer Eyvind Earle recruited him to become the first background painter on Sleeping Beauty in 1955.
The studio’s next feature, One Hundred and One Dalmatians, was the project that allowed Peregoy to apply his fine art training on a Disney film. As the film’s color stylist, Peregoy worked closely with production designer Ken Anderson to devise a new way of painting backgrounds. With the background linework printed on a separate cel level (thanks to the innovation of the Xerography process) and overlaid on top of the painted artwork, Peregoy designed the paintings as broad flat areas of color “with the awareness that it was not necessary to go in and render the hell out of a doorknob, or a piece of glass, or a tree.”
“Peregoy in the 1950s was a true ‘Modernist’—a talented fine art painter who brought Modernism to Disney with strong abstractions in both layout and painting technique,” Pocahontas art director Michael Giaimo told me when I wrote the book Cartoon Modern: Style and Design in Fifties Animation. “His work was a purer abstraction of reality as opposed to, say, the beautifully designed but more grounded work of Eyvind Earle.”
Peregoy made significant contributions to other films at Disney including Paul Bunyan, (1958), The Saga of Windwagon Smith (1961), The Sword in the Stone (1963), Mary Poppins (1964) and The Jungle Book (1967). While at Disney, he appeared in the famous Disney documentary 4 Artists Paint 1 Tree alongside artists Marc Davis, Eyvind Earle and Joshua Meador:
After being let go from the studio in the mid-Sixties, he started working in television on Format Film’s The Lone Ranger. On that show, he used a daring combination of grease pencil-on-cel with torn-construction paper underneath. Below, you can see a de-constructed background from the series that shows the grease pencil cel level and the separate color level underneath. “Powerful for Saturday morning, but you couldn’t say the backgrounds were Saturday morning crap because they weren’t,” Peregoy told interviewer Bob Miller.
His innovative work on The Lone Ranger led to being hired at the TV powerhouse Hanna-Barbera in 1968, where he headed the background department for five years. He either styled or supervised the background designs of The Perils of Penelope Pitstop, Scooby Doo Where Are You!, The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines, and Where’s Huddles?, among other series.
In the late-1970s, he returned to Disney’s theme park division WED, working on attractions for EPCOT such as Kraft’s The Land pavilion and Kodak’s Journey into Imagination. He continued freelancing in the animation industry during the Eighties and Nineties on projects that included My Little Pony: The Movie, Foofur, Tiny Toon Adventures, Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child, and The Specialists (below), a segment on MTV’s Liquid Television:
In later years, Peregoy was known as much for his colorful profanity-laced tirades against the industry as he was for his art. He was honored with an ASIFA-Hollywood Winsor McCay Award for lifetime achievement in 2012.
PEREGOY, Walt (Alwyn Walter Peregoy)
Born: 1925, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Died: 1/16/2015, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Walt Peregoy’s westerns – background artist:
The Saga of Windwagon Smith (TV) – 1961
The Lone Ranger (TV) – 1966-1969
The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (TV) – 1968-1969
Davy Crockett on the Mississippi (TV) – 1976
Posted by
Don Harron, Canadian entertainment icon, dead at 90
Harron created comedic alter ego Charlie Farquharson, brought Anne of Green Gables to the stage.
CBC News
January 17, 2015
Don Harron, who created the Canadian comedic icon Charlie Farquharson during a decades-long career in show business, has died at his Toronto home. He was 90.
His eldest daughter Martha told the Canadian Press her father died Saturday morning surrounded by family at his Toronto home after choosing not to seek treatment for cancer.
"He was still sharp. He was still capable of being funny even though his voice was barely above a whisper," she said in a telephone interview from Toronto. "It's horribly sad, but it's beautiful too."
Harron entertained generations of Canadians with his comic alter ego Farquharson and helped bring the Canadian classic novel Anne of Green Gables from the page to the stage.
During CBC’s 1952 television revue The Spring Thaw , the relatively unknown Harron took to the stage for a four-minute set. Few people watching knew they were about to witness a marquee moment in Canadian show business.
That evening he introduced Canada to Farquharson – the country bumpkin from rural Ontario known for his incessant puns and decrepit grey cardigan sweater – a character that would solidify Harron’s place among the nation’s great entertainers.
Starred on Hee Haw
Harron achieved international success in the late 1960s when he began an 18-season stint performing as Farquharson on the hit U.S. variety show Hee Haw.
His list of accomplishments extends far beyond Charlie.
Harron was a seasoned theatre performer, acting in a half-dozen Broadway plays and three shows in London’s West End. He also featured during the inaugural 1953 season of the Stratford Festival. It was in Stratford that he struck up a friendship with Oscar and Tony winner Christopher Plummer.
Harron also enjoyed considerable success behind the scenes as a writer and director.
He wrote the lyrics for five musicals, including the 1965 on-stage version of Anne of Green Gables, which was adapted from a television version he co-wrote nine years earlier. The show is performed every year during the Charlottetown Festival in P.E.I., a province where Harron has spent considerable time.
In between stints on the stage, Harron was the host of CBC Radio’s flagship program Morningside from 1977 to 1982, for which he won an ACTRA award for best radio host. He later helmed CTV’s The Don Harron Show from 1983 to 1985.
He also authored 17 books – most of them in character as Farquharson. Perhaps his most personally revealing work came in 2012, when Harron published the 440-page memoir My Double Life: Sexty Years of Farquharson Around With Don Harn.
The release of the memoir roughly coincided with his retirement from the stage.
In a February 2012 interview with CBC’s Island Morning, Harron said he decided to walk away from performing after his short-term memory began to fade and he could no longer remember his set material in front of a live audience.
Gemini for lifetime achievement
Harron was invested as a member of the Order of Canada in 1980, and named as a member of the Order of Ontario in 2000 for his contributions to the Canadian entertainment industry. In 2007, he was given the Gemini Award for Lifetime Achievement in Radio and Television.
Born in Toronto in 1924, Harron got an early start as an entertainer, earning $10 or $15 per night doing ‘chalk-talks’ – drawing caricatures in chalk as he told stories to audiences at banquet halls during the Great Depression.
As a teenager, he spent time working on farms in rural Ontario in the early 1940s and briefly attended the University of Toronto before joining the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1943 as the Second World War raged in Europe and the Pacific.
Harron told CBC host Peter Gzowski in a 1977 television interview that he developed the Farquharson character during those early years working as a farm hand.
He eventually returned to U of T after the war, earning a Bachelor of Arts.
Harron's granddaughter, freelance journalist Zoe Cormier, said Harron's intellectual passions nearly led him down a very different career path than the one that made him famous.
His passion for philosophy won him scholastic awards at the University of Toronto, she said, adding his confidence in both academic and entertainment arenas foreshadowed the range of roles he would take on during his performing career.
"He's one of the few people that I would describe as a true polymath," Cormier said. "Anything he ever put his hand to he excelled at."
Harron was married four times, most recently to French-Canadian comedian Claudette Gareau. He previously spent 34 years with Canadian singer Catherine McKinnon before divorcing in 2003.
In his memoir, Harron wrote openly about multiple extramarital love affairs and the impact they’ve taken on his personal life and family.
He is survived by three children and Gareau.
HARRON, Don (Donald Hugh Harron)
Born: 9/19/1924, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Died: 1/17/2015, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Don Harron’s western – actor:
The Texan (TV) – 1958 (Julian Dowd)
Posted by
January 13, 2015
My father passed away on Saturday. It was not unexpected since he had been sick for a long time. I'm sad, but also somewhat relieved. He died peacefully with his loved ones around him. He had a wonderful life full of experiences, that one could just imagine to have.
I just wanted to remind everybody to spend time with your loved ones when you have the chance. It's the only the time you will have with them.
I made the film The Grump / Mielensäpahoittaja for him and it's starting it's festival round attending numerous and numerous festivals. First I thought I'll cancel my festival appearances. -That it would be too heavy to talk about him when introducing the film again and again.
But he would've not liked that. He was a man who had a willpower I hope to have inherited. And he had a backbone. -You do the things you're supposed to do.
And you live the life when you have the chance. I urge everyone to do so.
Here is a nice interview made about him a while back. It will help me remember his thoughts about life and art always.
Dad, have a great ride, wherever you are.
January 16, 2015
Virginia “Patsy” Garrett, a well-known character actress best known as the “chow-chow-chow” lady on the Purina Cat Chow commercials, her recurring roles on TV’s “Nanny and the Professor” and “Room 222” and in the “Benji” movie series, died Jan. 8 after a brief illness in Indio, Calif. She was 93.
Garrett played nosy neighbor Florence Fowler on “Nanny and the Professor” (1970-71), school secretary Miss Hogarth on “Room 222” (1972-73) and Mary Gruber in the “Benji” series of family films beginning in 1974. Her numerous TV appearances from the 1960s through the ’80s included “Family,” “Kojak,” “Medical Center,” “The Waltons,” “Medical Center” and her final TV role as a bigoted mother on Redd Foxx’s “Sanford” in 1981.
U.S. TV audiences of the 1960s and 1970s will remember Garrett for her role in a series of commercial messages as the Purina Cat Chow Lady. A post-production trick involving the controlled forward motion and reversal of the film had Garrett dancing the “chow-chow-chow” with a cat in a good-humored parody of the cha-cha-cha. Garrett also appeared as the mayor’s wife in the 1969 Elvis Presley film “The Trouble With Girls,” which led to a lifelong friendship with the singer.
In the late 1960s, Garrett provided cartoon voiceovers for a number of Hanna-Barbera projects, including “The Banana Splits Adventure Hour.”
She most recently appeared onscreen in a small role in the 1991 film “Mississippi Masala.”
Born in Atlantic City, N.J., to parents who were vaudevillians (“Mason & Gwynne”), the actress and singer had her own children’s radio show on a Richmond, Va., station at the age of 7. At age 17, she became a regular on Fred Waring’s national radio show “Pleasure Time” as a comic singer from 1938 to 1945. During this time, she was approached by Cole Porter to promote the now-standard ballad “Begin the Beguine,” which he had written for a new musical.
Garrett was preceded in death by husband Alexander Kokinacis, a composer who wrote under the name Nick Alexander.
She is survived by a son and a daughter, a stepson, and and a number of grandchildren.
Services were held Jan. 13 at Forest Lawn in Cathedral City, Calif.
Donations may be sent to Children’s Playtime Productions at http://www.justgive.org/chowchowchow
Voice Actor, Chikao Otsuka, passes away
Japan's voice actor, Chikao Otsuka, has passed away today due to heart failure. He was best known for his work in the Japanese television animation and video game industry.
If you grew up with Sonic Adventure the way I did, you probably played the game with the Japanese voices on. And, even as Sega of America constantly shuffles in new actors at cheaper rates, you could always count on the Japanese language track being there if you wanted to hear some familiar voices.
But one of those voices is no longer with us. Today we are learning that Chikao Otsuka, the Japanese voice of Doctor Eggman, died on January 15th. A (machine translated) post made by Aoni Production:
Our affiliation actor Yi Chikao Otsuka (85 years), January 15, 2015 because of ischemic heart failure [has] passed away. [We thank you] from the bottom of [our hearts] for your kindness.
Otsuka was what you would call a “lifer.” IMDB lists his first job as an actor in the 1968 Tetsuwan Atom anime, better known to North Americans as “Astro Boy.” He went on to play a number of beloved roles in his career, including Metal Gear Solid‘s Big Boss, Goemon in the anime Lupin the Third, Tao Pai Pai in Dragon Ball, and Gold Roger in One Piece, among dozens of others. Literally from the dawn of anime, this man was playing a major part in the industry.
He will be missed, and may his legacy never be forgotten.
Otsuka was noted for his voice as Boss in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Doctor Eggman and Gerald Robotnik in the Sonic the Hedgehog series, Jinpachi Mishimi in the Tekken franchise, Captain Hook in the Kingdom Hearts series, and so many more.
Born: 7/5/1929, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Died: 1/15/2015, Japan
Chikao Ōtsuka’s westerns – voice actor:
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly – 1966 [Japanese voice of Eli Wallach]
Guns for San Sebastian - 1968 [Japanese voice of Charles Bronson]
Once Upon a Time in the West – 1968 [Japanese voice of Charles Bronson]
Villa Rides! – 1968 [Japanese voice of Charles Bronson]
A Talent for Loving – 1969 [Japanese voice of Richard Widmark]
Red Sun – 1970 [Japanese voice of Charles Bronson]
Chino – 1979 [Japanese voice of Charles Bronson]
Posted by
| i don't know |
Who was the eleventh President of the USA, the first with a four letter surname? | Abraham Lincoln (1809 - 1865) - Genealogy
Abraham Lincoln
"President", "16th President; Honest Abe", "Abe"
Birthdate:
Sinking Spring Farm, Hodgenville, Hardin County, Kentucky, United States
Death:
in Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Cause of death:
Springfield, Sangamon County, Illinois, United States
Immediate Family:
Brother of John Lincoln, Sr. ; Sarah 'Sally' Lincoln and Thomas Herring Lincoln, Jr.
Occupation:
16th President of the United States, Attorney, Rep. from Illinois 7th (1847-1849), President, Abogado, Presidente de Estados Unidos, President of the United States of America, 16th Presdident of the United States of America, President of the USA
Managed by:
Added 2014-11-20 16:22:46 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
Feb 12 1809 - Hodgenville, Larue, Kentucky, USA
Death:
Apr 14 1865 - Washington City, District Of Columbia, District of Columbia, USA
Parents:
Thomas Herring Lincoln, Sr, Nancy Hanks
Wife:
Added 2014-11-20 16:22:50 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
Feb 12 1809 - Hodgenville, Larue, Kentucky, United States
Death:
Apr 15 1865 - Washington City, District Of Columbia, District of Columbia, United States
Parents:
Mary Ann Todd
Children:
Thomas Tad Lincoln, William Wallace Lincoln, Edward Baker Lincoln, Willie Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Robert Todd Lincoln
Added 2014-11-20 16:22:48 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
Feb 12 1809 - Hardin Co, KY
Death:
Apr 14 1865 - Washington, DC
Parents:
Added 2014-11-20 16:26:45 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
"...Secy of April It is re ported here this morning that President Lincoln die J at WAE April 15 Abraham Lincoln died this morning at U2 ...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:26:36 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
"...for tbe funeral obsequies of our late lameoteU President. Abraham Lincoln. Bv order. Oao. OiLTiew. Seoretary. U f O. OK i. K. W. O. a...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:25:44 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
... ir- teiesling particnlais of the cloains boars of PrMJtleDt Lincoln. "I havejoat visited the dying coach, of Abraham Lincoln, Be ia in t...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:25:16 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
... man as Andrew Johnson stood in a po-¡sition to succeed Abraham Lincoln. God is certainly on our side. A Tkue lîematik.—The rebel Commiss...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:25:43 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
... action in regard to the proposed com- memoration of tho death of Abraham Lincoln, late President of tbe United States ... bereave- ment ...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:24:56 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
... volume containing the sermons preached in Boston on the death of Abraham Lincoln, by the mest distinguished of our clergymen of all deno...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:24:31 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
NewspaperARCHIVE.com
Text:
"...^ Agricultura^ Abraham Lincoln died thia morning at id Horticultural Society will meet at theii twenty-two minutes after aevui o'cloc...
Date:
Added 2014-11-20 16:27:00 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
Nov 4 1842 - Sangamon, Illinois, USA
Wife:
Added 2014-11-20 16:22:52 -0800 by Private User
Collection:
Feb 12 1809 - Hardin Co., KY
Death:
Apr 14 1865 - Washington, DC
Parents:
About Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the USA
For more information and photos of his burial place, click on : Abraham Lincoln
Overview
Birthplace: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky
Died: 15 April 1865 (assassination by gunshot)
Best Known As: The Civil War president who wrote the Gettysburg Address and Emancipation Proclamation Signed and issued January 1, 1863
The stories really are true: Abe Lincoln grew up on the American frontier, educated himself by reading borrowed books, and worked as a general store clerk long before he became the 16th president of the United States. His claims to fame are too numerous to list briefly; he is most often remembered for leading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation; for delivering the Gettysburg Address, the most famous oration in American history; and for his tragic assassination by John Wilkes Booth. Upon Lincoln's death, Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency.
Abe Lincoln failed about 12 times and kept on going. Lost his mother at an early age. Lost his child hood sweetheart. Married to a shrew who was later put in the insane asylum by her own son ~~ Lincoln was a very honest man who overcame his poor background and became the greatest American after George Washington.
He is on the five dollar bill and the penny and his Gettysburg address lives in the hearts of all real Americans Lincoln was married to Mary Todd Lincoln I am reading a book about Mary Todd Lincoln and she had to overcome much adversity too she was a Southerner married to the President of the US fighting the South she lost two children in the White House~~TAD and Willie Poor Lincolns ~~both were married 25 years but they had tragedy all their lives
Yes, that's Lincoln on the U.S. penny and the five dollar bill. In 1864 Lincoln named Salmon P. Chase to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court -- Chase is on the ten thousand dollar bill... Lincoln was preceded by James Buchanan, the only president to remain a bachelor for life... Lincoln was the first president to be born outside the original thirteen states... He was the first president to wear a beard while in office... Lincoln's oldest son, Robert Todd Lincoln, was present at three assassinations: his father's, President Garfield's in 1881 and President McKinley's in 1901... A famous (and enormous) biography of Lincoln was written by 20th-century author Carl Sandburg... Lincoln was the 16th president.
Sources
page 57-59 of American Ancestors Magazine, Vol. 17, Number 3, Fall 2016. Genetics & Genealogy - The Hanks DNA Study: I Was Wrong! Christopher C. Child
Biography
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the United States through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1860[1] as the first Republican president, Lincoln, reared in a family of modest means and mostly self-educated, had been a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate. Lincoln was a dedicated, though often necessarily absent, husband, and father of four children. As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States,[2] Lincoln won the Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860. His tenure in office was immersed in the defeat of the secessionist Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Six days after the large-scale surrender of Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee, Lincoln became the first American president to be assassinated.
Lincoln had closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including Ulysses S. Grant. Historians have concluded that he handled the factions of the Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate. Lincoln successfully defused the Trent Affair, a war scare with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland late in 1861. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war. Additionally, he managed his own reelection in the 1864 presidential election.
Copperheads and other opponents of the war criticized Lincoln for refusing to compromise on the slavery issue. Conversely, the Radical Republicans criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. Even with these opponents, Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches;[3] his Gettysburg Address became an iconic symbol of the nation's duty. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. Lincoln has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest of all U.S. Presidents.
Childhood and education
Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln (née Hanks), in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking Spring Farm in southeast Hardin County, Kentucky[4] (now LaRue County). Lincoln was not given a middle name.He had an older sister Sarah (Grigsby) who died while giving birth at a young age. A fusion of Welsh and Latin, his surname means "from the lake colony" or one from Lincoln, England.[6] He is descended from Samuel Lincoln, who arrived in Hingham, Massachusetts from Norfolk in the 17th century.[His grandfather and namesake Abraham Lincoln, a substantial landholder, moved from Virginia to Kentucky, where he was ambushed and killed by an Indian raid in 1786, with his children Mordecai, Josiah, and Thomas looking on. Mordecai's marksmanship with a rifle saved Thomas from the same fate. As the eldest son, Mordecai by law inherited his father's entire estate.
Thomas, on his own financially, became a respected (though not wealthy) citizen of rural Kentucky. He bought and sold several farms, including the Sinking Spring Farm. The family belonged to a Separate Baptists church, which had high moral standards and opposed alcohol, dancing, and slavery. Lincoln himself never joined a church. In 1816, the Lincoln family lost their lands because of a faulty title and made a new start in Perry County, Indiana (now in Spencer County, Indiana). Lincoln later noted that this move was "partly on account of slavery" because it was hard to compete with farms operated with slaves.
When Lincoln was nine, his 34 year old mother died of milk sickness. Soon afterwards his father remarried to Sarah Bush Johnston with whom Lincoln became very close and referred to as "Mother". But he became increasingly distant from his father. He regretted his father's lack of education, and was not inclined to a vocation of hard labor as was requisite to their frontier life; although, he willingly took on all chores expected of him as a male in the household, albeit young, tall and thin. As was the custom, Lincoln also dutifully fulfilled the obligation of a son to give his father all earnings from his work for third parties until age 21. In later years, he would also occasionally lend his father money.[14] In 1830, fearing a milk sickness outbreak, the family settled on public land in Macon County, Illinois.
The next year, when his father relocated the family to a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, 22-year-old Lincoln struck out on his own, canoeing down the Sangamon River to the village of New Salem in Sangamon County. Later that year, hired by New Salem businessman Denton Offutt and accompanied by friends, he took goods from New Salem to New Orleans via flatboat on the Sangamon, Illinois and Mississippi rivers.
Lincoln's formal education consisted of about 18 months of schooling and he was largely self-educated; he was an avid reader, writer and poet. He was also skilled with an axe and a talented local wrestler, which made him self-confident. He was no committed laborer during his teen age years, with family and neighbors then referring to him often as lazy. Lincoln avoided hunting and fishing because he did not like killing animals, even for food.
Marriage and family
Lincoln's first love was Ann Rutledge. He met her when he first moved to New Salem, and by 1835 they had reached a romantic understanding, if not a formal engagement. Ann is quoted as desirous of advising a former love before "consummating the engagement with Mr. L.." Rutledge, however, died on August 25, probably of typhoid fever.[21]
In the early 1830s, he met Mary Owens from Kentucky when she was visiting her sister. Late in 1836, Lincoln agreed to a match with Mary proposed by her sister, if Mary ever returned to New Salem. Mary did return in November 1836 and Lincoln courted her for a time; however they both had second thoughts about their relationship. On August 16, 1837, Lincoln wrote Mary a letter from his law practice in Springfield, suggesting he would not blame her if she ended the relationship. She never replied, and the courtship was over.
In 1840, Lincoln became engaged to Mary Todd, from a wealthy slaveholding family in Lexington, Kentucky. They met in Springfield in December 1839, and were engaged sometime around that Christmas.A wedding was set for January 1, 1841, but the couple split as the wedding approached.[24] They later met at a party, and then married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield mansion of Mary's married sister.[26] While preparing for the nuptials and having cold feet yet again, Lincoln, asked where he was going, replied "To hell, I suppose." But see it through he did. In 1844 the couple bought a house in Springfield near Lincoln's law office.
Mary Lincoln worked valiantly in their home, assuming household duties which had been performed for her in her own family. As well, she struggled to make the most of the austere finances of a prairie lawyer quite obsessed with his work. One evening, absorbed in his reading at home, Lincoln suddenly was rapped on the head with a piece of firewood by Mary, who had made four requests of him to restart the fire with no response.[30] The Lincolns soon had a budding family, with the birth of son Robert Todd Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois on August 1, 1843, and second son Edward Baker Lincoln on March 10, 1846, also in Springfield.[31] According to a house girl, Abraham "was remarkably fond of children." The Lincolns did not believe in strict rules and tight boundaries when it came to their children.
Son Robert would be the only one of the Lincolns' children to survive into adulthood. Edward Lincoln died on February 1, 1850 in Springfield, likely of tuberculosis. The Lincolns' grief over this loss was somewhat assuaged by the birth of William "Willie" Wallace Lincoln nearly eleven months later, on December 21. But Willie himself died of a fever at the age of eleven on February 20, 1862, in Washington, D.C., during President Lincoln's first term. The Lincolns' fourth son Thomas "Tad" Lincoln was born on April 4, 1853, and, although he outlived his father, died at the age of eighteen on July 16, 1871 in Chicago.
The death of the Lincolns' sons had profound effects on both Abraham and Mary. Later in life, Mary found herself unable to cope with the stresses of losing her husband and sons, and this eventually led Robert Lincoln to involuntarily commit her to a mental health asylum in 1875.[36] Abraham Lincoln, with the premature death of his mother and children, suffered from "melancholy", a condition now called clinical depression.[37]
Early career and military service
Lincoln began his political career in March 1832 at age 23 when he announced his candidacy for the Illinois General Assembly. He was esteemed by the residents of New Salem, though he lacked an education, powerful friends, and money. His campaign's focus was for navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. Before the election he served briefly as a captain in the Illinois militia during the Black Hawk War, although he never saw combat. Lincoln returned from the militia and was able to campaign for the August 6 election. At 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m), he was tall and "strong enough to intimidate any rival." At his first speech, he grabbed a man accosting a supporter by his "neck and the seat of his trousers" and threw him. In the vote Lincoln finished eighth out of thirteen candidates (only the top four were elected), though he got 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New Salem precinct.
Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and then, once again after dedicated self-study, as county surveyor.[39] In 1834, he won an election to the state legislature and though labeled as a Whig, he ran a bipartisan campaign. He then decided to become a lawyer, and began teaching himself law by reading Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England and other masters. Lincoln's description of his learning method was: "I studied with nobody." Admitted to the bar in 1837, he moved to Springfield, Illinois that April, and began to practice law under John T. Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin.[43] Lincoln became an able and successful lawyer with a reputation as a formidable adversary during cross-examinations and closing arguments. In 1841, Lincoln partnered with Stephen Logan, which continued until 1844, when Lincoln began his practice with William Herndon, whom Lincoln thought "a studious young man." He served four successive terms in the Illinois House of Representatives as a representative from Sangamon County, affiliated with the Whig party.
In 1837, he and another legislator declared that slavery was "founded on both injustice and bad policy"[46] the first time he had publicly opposed slavery. In the 1835–1836 legislative session he voted to continue the restriction on suffrage to white males only, but regardless of land ownership.[47][48] He was known for his "free soil" stance of opposing both slavery and abolitionism. He said in 1837 that the "institution of slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, but that the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than abate its evils." [49] Until well into his presidency, Lincoln, perplexed by the seemingly insoluble problem of slavery, was inclined (informally) to favor colonization of the slaves, on a voluntary basis, to Liberia; this, despite strong opposition to the idea from both sides of the issue and its considered unworkability. If nothing else, this position provided Lincoln a way to avoid confronting the matter head on until the time of reckoning came.[50]
Early national politics
Lincoln was a Whig, and since the early 1830s had strongly admired Henry Clay.[51] "I have always been an old-line Henry Clay Whig" he professed to friends in 1861.[52] The party favored economic modernization, including banking, railroads, internal improvements (such as canals), and urbanization.In 1846, Lincoln was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served one two-year term. As a House member, Lincoln was a dedicated Whig, albeit the only one in the Illinois delegation; he showed up for almost all votes and gave speeches that echoed the party line.[55] He used his office as an opportunity to speak out against the Mexican–American War, which he attributed to President Polk's desire for "military glory — that attractive rainbow, that rises in showers of blood." Lincoln's main stand against Polk occurred in his Spot Resolutions: The war had begun with a violent confrontation on territory disputed by Mexico and Texas, but Polk insisted that Mexican soldiers had "invaded our territory and shed the blood of our fellow-citizens on our own soil."[57][58] Lincoln demanded that Polk show Congress the exact spot on which blood had been shed, and prove that the spot was on American soil.[58] Congress never enacted the resolution or even debated it; it got no reaction from the executive, or in the papers nationally, and it resulted in a loss of political support for Lincoln in his district; one Illinois newspaper derisively nicknamed him "spotty Lincoln."
Realizing Clay was unlikely to win the presidency, Lincoln endorsed war hero General Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination in the 1848 presidential election.[62] Lincoln uttered a number of things in his denunciation of the Polk administration and promotion of Taylor which he would later regret. Examples are his arguments in favor of 1) an exclusive congressional war power and 2) the right of the people to revolt against the federal government.[63] Taylor won, but after denying Lincoln the position as Commissioner of the General Land Office which he sought, the administration offered him the governorship of the Oregon Territory, which he declined. The territory was heavily Democratic, minimizing a Whig's political future there, so he returned to Springfield without any appointment. Publicly, he blamed the decision on his wife's reluctance to move the children further into the wilderness.
Prairie lawyer
Back in Springfield, Lincoln returned to practicing law, handling "every kind of business that could come before a prairie lawyer."[65] He "rode the circuit" twice a year for ten weeks at a time, appearing in county seats in the mid-state region when the county courts were in session; he persisted in this for sixteen years until 1854.[66] Lincoln handled many transportation cases in the midst of the nation's western expansion, particularly the conflicts arising from the operation of river barges under the new and prolific railroad bridges. As a riverboat man, Lincoln initially favored riverboat interests, but ultimately he represented whoever hired him. His reputation grew, and he appeared before the Supreme Court of the United States, arguing a case involving a canal boat that sank after hitting a bridge.In 1849, he had received a patent for a "device to buoy vessels over shoals.", or ballast tanks. The idea was never commercialized, but Lincoln is the only President to hold a patent.
In 1851, he represented the Alton & Sangamon Railroad in a dispute with one of its shareholders, James A. Barret, who had refused to pay the balance on his pledge to buy shares in the railroad, on the grounds that it had changed its originally planned route. Lincoln successfully argued that a corporation is not bound by its original charter, which can be amended in the public interest, that the newer proposed Alton & Sangamon route was superior and less expensive, and that the corporation had a right to demand Mr. Barret's payment. The decision by the Illinois Supreme Court has been cited by numerous other courts in the nation. Lincoln appeared in front of the Illinois Supreme Court 175 times, 51 times as sole counsel, of which, 31 were decided in his favor.
Lincoln's most notable criminal trial came in 1858 when he defended William "Duff" Armstrong, who was on trial for the murder of James Preston Metzker. The case is famous for Lincoln's use of judicial notice to show an eyewitness had lied on the stand. After the witness testified seeing the crime in the moonlight, Lincoln produced a Farmers' Almanac showing the moon was at a low angle, drastically reducing visibility. Based on this evidence, Armstrong was acquitted. Lincoln rarely raised objections in the courtroom. However, in another celebrated case in 1859, where he defended Peachy Harrison, accused of stabbing another to death, Lincoln angrily protested the judge's decision to exclude evidence favorable to his client. Instead of Lincoln's being held in contempt of court as was expected, the judge reversed his ruling, allowed the evidence and Harrison was acquitted. Unbeknown to Lincoln, this client was a cousin, through Lincoln's father.
Republican politics 1854–1860
Lincoln returned to politics in reaction to passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), essentially repealing the Missouri Compromise (1820), which restricted the expansion of slavery in the west. Senior Senator Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, by incorporating popular sovereignty into the Act, mandated that the people have the right to determine locally whether to allow slavery in their territory, rather than have such a decision imposed on them by the national Congress.[75]
On October 16, 1854, in his "Peoria Speech,"[76] Lincoln declared his opposition to slavery that he would repeat enroute to the presidency.[77]: "[The Act has a] 'declared' indifference, but as I must think, a covert 'real' zeal for the spread of slavery. I cannot but hate it. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world..." [78] According to a newspaper account of the speech, Lincoln spoke with a very powerful voice and an accent native to his home Kentucky.[79]
In late 1854, Lincoln decided to run for the United States Senate as a Whig.[80] After leading in the first six rounds of voting in the state legislature, once his support began to dwindle, Lincoln instructed his backers to vote for Lyman Trumbull who thus defeated the pro Kansas-Nebraska candidate Joel Aldrich Matteson. The Whigs had been irreparably split by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. "I think I am a Whig, but others say there are no Whigs, and that I am an abolitionist, even though I do no more than oppose the extension of slavery" Lincoln said. Drawing on remnants of the old Whig party, and on disenchanted Free Soil, Liberty, and Democratic party members, he was instrumental in forging the shape of the new Republican Party. At the Republican convention in 1856, Lincoln placed second in the contest to become the party's candidate for Vice-President.
In 1857–58, Douglas broke with President Buchanan, leading to a fight for control of the Democratic Party. Some eastern Republicans even favored the reelection of Douglas for the Senate in 1858, since he had led the opposition to the Lecompton Constitution, which would have admitted Kansas as a slave state.[84] In March of 1857 came the Supreme Court's controversial pro-slavery decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford; Chief Justice Taney opined that blacks were not citizens, and derived no rights under the Declaration of Independence or Constitution. Lincoln, though strong in his disagreement with the Court's opinion, was as a lawyer unequivocal in his deference to the Court's authority. Donald provides Lincoln's immediate reaction to the decision, showing his evolving position on slavery: "The authors of the Declaration of Independence never intended 'to say all were equal in color, size, intellect, moral developments, or social capacity,' but they 'did consider all men created equal - equal in certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.' " [85] After the state Republican party convention nominated him for the U.S. Senate in 1858 (the second instance of this in the country), Lincoln then delivered his famous speech: "'A house divided against itself cannot stand.'(Mark 3:25) I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other."[86] [87] The speech created an evocative image of the danger of disunion caused by the slavery debate, and rallied Republicans across the north.[88] The stage was then set for the campaign for statewide election of the Illinois legislature which would in turn select Lincoln or Douglas as its U.S. Senator.
Lincoln–Douglas debates and Cooper Union speech
The 1858 campaign featured the seven Lincoln–Douglas debates of 1858, generally considered the most famous political debate in American history.[89] The principals stood in stark contrast both physically and politically. Lincoln warned that "The Slave Power" was threatening the values of republicanism, and accused Douglas of distorting the values of the Founding Fathers that ALL men are created equal, while Stephen A. Douglas emphasized his Freeport Doctrine, that local settlers were free to choose whether to allow slavery or not, and accused Lincoln of having joined the abolitionists.[90]
Though the Republican legislative candidates won more popular votes, the Democrats won more seats, and the legislature reelected Douglas to the Senate. Despite the bitterness of the defeat for Lincoln, his articulation of the issues gave him a national political reputation.[91]
In May 1859, Lincoln purchased the Illinois Staats-Anzeiger, a German-language newspaper in Springfield that sang his praises; most of the state's 130,000 German Americans voted Democratic but there was Republican support that a German-language paper could mobilize.[92]
On February 27, 1860, New York party leaders invited Lincoln to give a speech at Cooper Union to a group of powerful Republicans. In one of the most important speeches of his career, Lincoln showed that he was a contender for the Republican presidential nomination. Journalist Noah Brooks reported, "No man ever before made such an impression on his first appeal to a New York audience."[93] Donald described the speech as a "superb political move for an unannounced candidate, to appear in one rival's (William H. Seward) own state at an event sponsored by the second rival's (Salmon P. Chase) loyalists, while not mentioning either by name during its delivery."In response to an inquiry about his presidential intentions, Lincoln said, "The taste is in my mouth a little."
Presidency
First Term (1861-1865)
1860 Presidential nomination and election
On May 9–10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.[96] At this convention, Lincoln's very loyal, though unorganized, campaign team emerged, in the persons of David Davis, Norman Judd, Leonard Swett, Jesse DuBois and others; and Lincoln received his first endorsement to run for the presidency.[97] Tapping on the somewhat flawed legend of his pioneering days with his father, Lincoln's supporters adopted the label of "The Rail Candidate".[98] On May 18, at the 1860 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Lincoln became the Republican candidate on the third ballot, beating candidates such as William H. Seward and Salmon P. Chase.[99] Former Democrat Hannibal Hamlin of Maine received the nomination for Vice President to balance the ticket. Lincoln's nomination in general has been attributed to his relatively moderate views on slavery, as well as his support of internal improvements and the protective tariff. In terms of the actual balloting, Pennsylvania proved to be the lynchpin. Lincoln's managers were adroitly focused on this delegation as well as the others, while following Lincoln's strong dictate to "Make no contracts that bind me."[100]
Most Republicans agreed with Lincoln that the North was the aggrieved party[101] of the Slave Power as it tightened its grasp on the national government with the Dred Scott decision and the presidency of James Buchanan. Throughout the 1850s Lincoln doubted the prospects of civil war, and his supporters repeatedly rejected claims that his election would incite secession.[102]
Meanwhile, Douglas was selected as the candidate of the northern Democrats, with Herschel Vespasian Johnson as the vice-presidential candidate. Delegates from eleven slave states walked out of the Democratic convention, disagreeing with Douglas's position on Popular sovereignty, and ultimately selected John C. Breckinridge as their candidate.[103]
As Douglas stumped the country, Lincoln was the only one of the four major candidates to give no speeches whatever. Instead he monitored the campaign closely but relied on the enthusiasm of the Republican Party. It did the leg work that produced majorities across the North. It produced tons of campaign posters and leaflets, and thousands of newspaper editorials. There were thousands of Republican speakers who focused first on the party platform, and second on Lincoln's life story, emphasizing his childhood poverty. The goal was to demonstrate the superior power of "free labor," whereby a common farm boy could work his way to the top by his own efforts. The Republican Party's production of campaign literature dwarfed the combined opposition. A Chicago Tribune writer produced a pamphlet that detailed Lincoln's life, and sold one million copies.[104] It was during this campaign that Lincoln became the first President to have placed his photo on a campaign button.[105]
On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected as the 16th President of the United States, beating Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge of the Southern Democrats, and John Bell of the new Constitutional Union Party. He was the first Republican president, winning entirely on the strength of his support in the North: he was not even on the ballot in ten states in the South, and won only two of 996 counties in all the Southern states.[106] Lincoln received 1,866,452 votes, Douglas 1,376,957 votes, Breckinridge 849,781 votes, and Bell 588,789 votes. The electoral vote was decisive: Lincoln had 180 and his opponents added together had only 123. Turnout was 82.2%, with Lincoln winning the free northern states. Douglas won Missouri, and split New Jersey with Lincoln.[107] Bell won Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky, and Breckinridge won the rest of the South.[108] There were fusion tickets in which all of Lincoln's opponents combined to form one ticket in New York, New Jersey and Rhode Island, but even if the anti-Lincoln vote had been combined in every state, Lincoln still would have won because he would still have had a majority in the electoral college.[109]
Secession winter 1860–1861
As Lincoln's election became more likely, secessionists made clear their intent to leave the Union.[110] On December 20, 1860, South Carolina took the lead; by February 1, 1861, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana,[111] and Texas had followed.[112] The seven states soon declared themselves to be a new nation, the Confederate States of America.[111] The upper South (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and Arkansas) listened to, but initially rejected, the secessionist appeal.[113] President Buchanan and President-elect Lincoln refused to recognize the Confederacy.[114] There were attempts at compromise, such as the Crittenden Compromise which would have extended the free slavery Missouri line of 1820.[115] and which some Republicans even supported; Lincoln rejected the idea, saying "I will suffer death before I consent...to any concession or compromise which looks like buying the privilege to take possession of this government to which we have a constitutional right."[116]
Lincoln, however, did support the Corwin Amendment to the Constitution, which had passed in the Congress. This amendment protected slavery in those states in which it already existed and was considered by Lincoln to be a possible way to stave off secession.[117] A few short weeks before the war he went so far as to pen a letter to every governor asking for their support in ratifying the Corwin Amendment.[118]
Enroute to his inaugural, President-elect Lincoln evaded possible assassins in Baltimore, who were revealed by Lincoln's head of security, Allan Pinkerton, and on February 23, 1861, arrived in disguise in Washington, D.C.[119] The capitol was placed under substantial military security.
Lincoln directed remarks to the South in his inaugural speech, "We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies....The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature."[120]
By the time Lincoln took office, the Confederacy was an established fact,[111] and no leaders of the insurrection proposed rejoining the Union on any terms. The Confederate States of America had selected Jefferson Davis on February 9, 1861, as their provisional President.[121] The failure of the Peace Conference of 1861 rendered legislative compromise practically implausible. Lincoln and nearly every Republican leader by March 1861 agreed the Union could not be dismantled.
War begins
A request was made for provisions from the commander of Ft. Sumter, S.C. and the execution of Lincoln's order to meet that request was seen by the seccessionists as an act of war.[122] On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired on the Union troops at Fort Sumter, forced them to surrender and thus the war began.[123]
Historian Allan Nevins argued that Lincoln miscalculated in believing that he could preserve the Union[124],and future general William Tecumseh Sherman, then a civilian, visited Lincoln in the White House during inauguration week and was "sadly disappointed" at Lincoln's seeming failure to realize that "the country was sleeping on a volcano" and the South was "'preparing for war.'"[125] Donald concluded Lincoln fairly estimated the events leading to the initiation of war. "His repeated efforts to avoid collision in the months between inauguration and the firing on Ft. Sumter showed he adhered to his vow not to be the first to shed fraternal blood. But he also vowed not to surrender the forts. The only resolution of these contradictory positions was for the confederates to fire the first shot; they did just that."[126]
On April 15, Lincoln called on the states to send detachments totaling 75,000 troops,[127] to recapture forts, protect the capital, and "preserve the Union," which in his view still existed intact despite the actions of the seceding states.[128] These events forced the states to choose sides. Virginia declared its secession, after which the Confederate capital was moved from Montgomery to Richmond. North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas also voted for secession over the next two months. Missouri, Kentucky and Maryland threatened secession,[127] but neither they nor the slave state of Delaware seceded.
Troops headed south towards Washington, D.C. to protect the capital in response to Lincoln's call. On April 19, angry secessionist mobs in Baltimore that controlled the rail links attacked Union troops traveling to the capital. George William Brown, the Mayor of Baltimore, and other suspect Maryland politicians were arrested and imprisoned as Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus.[129] John Merryman, a leader in the seccessionist group in Maryland asked Chief Justice Roger Taney to issue a writ of habeas corpus which he did, saying Lincoln's action of holding Merryman without a hearing was unlawful. Lincoln ignored it.
Conducting the war effort
In the war Lincoln would confront an unprecedented crisis with unprecedented powers which no previous President had wielded: he used his war powers to impose a blockade, to disburse funds before appropriation by Congress, and to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, imprisoning thousands of suspected Confederate sympathizers without warrant.[130]
The war was the source of frequent and severe criticism of the President, and occupied most of his time and attention, while he also mourned the death of son Willie. From the start it was clear that bi-partisan support would be essential to success in the war effort, and any manner of compromise alienated factions on both sides of the aisle, such as the appointment of Republicans and Democrats to command positions in the Union Army.[131]
In August of 1861, Gen. John Fremont in Missouri created controversy, on the Republican side, when he issued, without consulting Lincoln, a proclamation of martial law in that entire state, declaring that any citizen found bearing arms could be court-martialed and shot and that slaves of persons aiding the rebellion would be freed. To this dictatorial insubordination were added charges of ineptness, fraud and corruption. Lincoln's efforts to reign him in were futile, and he was given another command in November. This decision in large part prevented the secession of Kentucky while incurring the wrath of many in the North.[132]
The war assumed foreign policy implications in 1861 when James Mason and John Slidell, ministers of the Confederacy to Great Britain and France, violated Lincoln's blockade of Confederate ports and boarded the British ship Trent; Union officers boarded the british vessel and took custody of the two ministers, setting off a bitter dispute with Great Britain over rights in international waters.[133] Lincoln's foreign policy approach had been initially hands off, due to his inexperience; he left most diplomacy appointments and other foreign policy matters to his Secretary of State, William Seward. Seward's initial reaction to the Trent Affair however, was too bellicose, so Lincoln from that time also turned to Sen. Charles Sumner for foreign policy advice. With Sumner's help, Lincoln better understood the position of the British and agreed to the release of the two confederate foreign ministers, avoiding a crisis.[134]
Despite his lack of expertise in military affairs, Lincoln, as in the past, undertook self-study and continued to take an active part in the war both administratively and strategically. In January of 1862, after a drumbeat of complaints about the running of the War department, Lincoln was forced to dismiss Secretary Simon Cameron and replaced him with Edwin Stanton, an appointment that brought much needed praise.[135] In terms of war strategy, Lincoln articulated two priorities: to ensure that Washington was well defended; and to conduct an aggressive war effort that would satisfy the demand in the North for prompt, decisive victory; indeed, major northern newspaper editors expected victory within 90 days.[136] Two days a week, Lincoln would meet with his cabinet in the afternoon, and occasionally his wife would force him to take a carriage ride because she was concerned he was working too hard. Throughout the war, Lincoln showed an intense interest in the military campaigns. He spent hours at the War Department telegraph office, reading dispatches from the field.[137] Lincoln grasped the need to control strategic points (such as the Mississippi River and the fortress city of Vicksburg) and understood the importance of defeating the enemy's army, rather than simply capturing territory.
One of Lincoln's Democrat commanders, Gen. George B. McClellan proved himself incapable of the desired aggressiveness in the conduct of the war. McClellan became general-in-chief of all the Union armies in the wake of the embarrassing Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run and after the retirement of the aged Winfield Scott in late 1861. [138] McClellan, a youthful West Point graduate and railroad executive, took several months to plan and attempt his Peninsula Campaign, with the objective of capturing Richmond by moving the Army of the Potomac by boat to the peninsula and then traveling by land to Richmond. McClellan's repeated delays frustrated Lincoln and the Congress, as did his position that no troops were needed to defend Washington. Lincoln insisted on holding some of McClellan's troops to defend the capital, a decision McClellan, who consistently overestimated the strength of Confederate troops, blamed for the ultimate failure of the Peninsula Campaign.[139]
McClellan was passed over for general-in-chief (that is, chief strategist) in favor of Henry Wager Halleck, after his Harrison's Landing Letter, where he offered unsolicited political advice to Lincoln urging caution in the war effort.[140] McClellan's letter incensed Radical Republicans, who successfully pressured Lincoln to appoint John Pope, a Republican, as head of the new Army of Virginia. Pope complied with Lincoln's strategic desire to move toward Richmond from the north, thus protecting the capital from attack. However, lacking requested reinforcements from McClellan, Pope was soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac to defend Washington for a second time.[141]
Meanwhile the war also expanded with naval operations in 1862 when the CSS Virginia, formerly the USS Merrimack, damaged or destroyed three Union vessels in Norfolk before being engaged and damaged by the USS Monitor. Lincoln intensely reviewed the dispatches and interrogated naval officers concerning the naval engagements.[142]
Despite his dissatisfaction with McClellan's failure to reinforce Pope, Lincoln was desperate, and restored him to command of all forces around Washington, to the dismay of all in his cabinet but Seward.[143] Two days after McClellan's return to command, General Lee's forces crossed the Potomac River into Maryland, leading to the Battle of Antietam (September 1862).[144] The ensuing Union victory, one of the bloodiest in American history, enabled Lincoln to announce that he would issue an Emancipation Proclamation in January. He had actually written this some time earlier but could not issue it in the wake of previous military defeats.[145] McClellan then resisted the President's demand to pursue Lee's retreating and exposed army, while his counterpart Gen. Don Carlos Buell likewise refused orders to move the Army of the Ohio against rebel forces in eastern Tennessee. As a result, Lincoln replaced Buell with William Rosecrans; and, after the 1862 midterm elections, he replaced McClellan with Republican Ambrose Burnside. Both of these replacements were political moderates and therefore more supportive of the Commander in Chief.[146]
Burnside, against the advice of the President, prematurely launched an offensive across the Rappahannock and was stunningly defeated at Fredericksburg in December.[147] Joseph Hooker took command, despite his history of "loose talk" and criticizing former commanders.[148]
The mid-term elections in 1862 brought the Republicans substantial losses in the House, due in no small part to sharp disfavor with the President over his failure to deliver a speedy end to the war, or with his having suspended habeas corpus. No voice was louder in criticism of Lincoln than Ohio Democrat Rep. Clement Vallandigham. The objections to the habeas corpus issue reached a crescendo when Burnside arrested and jailed Vallandigham, an ex-congressman at the time, for his rebellious rhetoric. Lincoln at first thought the arrest warranted but later ordered his release.[149]
In the spring of 1863 Lincoln was optimistic about a group of upcoming battle plans, to the point of thinking the end of the war could be near if a string of victories could be put together; these plans included Hooker's attack on Lee north of Richmond, Rosecran's on Chattanooga, Grant's on Vicksburg and a naval assault on Charleston. The Commander in Chief was most dejected when none of these plans, at least initially, succeeded.[150]
Hooker was routed by Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May[151] but continued to command his troops for some weeks. When he ignored Lincoln's wish to divide his troops, and possibly force Lee to do the same in Harpers Ferry, the writing was on the wall and he tendered his resignation, which was accepted. He was replaced by George Meade who proceeded with the troops to follow Lee into Pennsylvania for the Gettysburg Campaign which was a victory for the Union, though Lee's army avoided capture. At the same time, after initial setbacks, Grant laid siege to Vicksburg and the Union navy attained some success in Charleston harbor.[152]
Gettysburg Address
Although the Battle of Gettysburg was a Union victory, the increased casualties dealt a blow to Lincoln's war effort. More soldiers were needed to replace the ranks. Lincoln's 1863 military drafts, which had been passed by Congress, were considered "odious" among many in the north, particularly immigrants. The New York Draft Riots of July 1863 were the most notable manifestation of this discontent. The Governor of Pennsylvania, Andrew Gregg Curtin, reminded Lincoln that political sentiments were turning against him and the war effort. Therefore, in the fall of 1863, Lincoln's principal aim was to sustain public support for the war effort. This goal became the focus of his address at the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery on November 19.
The Gettysburg Address, one of the most quoted speeches in United States history,[153] was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union Army there defeated the Confederates in a casualty ridden battle. The President's carefully crafted address was far shorter than other speeches that day. In just over two minutes and 272 words, his message was 1) a defense of his administration, 2) an explanation why the war with all its horrors had to continue and 3) a pledge that because of these exertions "...government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."[154]
It was only after Gettysburg that Lincoln finally began to understand that his wishes as to the movement of Union troops would most effectively be carried out by using his War Secretary or his general-in-chief (Halleck) to relay them to his generals, who resented "civilian" interference with their plans. Even so, he still often felt compelled to give detailed directions as Commander in Chief. [155]
Grant
Meade's failure to capture Lee's army immediately as it retreated from Gettysburg and the continued passivity of the Army of the Potomac persuaded Lincoln that a change in command was needed. Lincoln was much impressed by the successes of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in the west, which made him a strong candidate to head the Union Army. Responding to criticism of Grant after the 1862 battle of Shiloh, Lincoln had said, "I can't spare this man. He fights."[156] With Grant, Lincoln felt the Union Army could relentlessly pursue a series of coordinated offensives in multiple theaters, and have a top commander who agreed on the use of black troops.[157]
Nevertheless, he had some reservation that Grant might be considering a candidacy for President, as McCllellan then was. Lincoln arranged for an intermediary to make inquiry into Grant's political intentions, and finding none at that time, decided to promote Grant to command of the Union Army. He obtained Congress' consent to reinstate for Grant the full rank of Lt. General, last held by George Washington.[158]
Grant waged his bloody Overland Campaign in 1864. This is often characterized as a war of attrition, given high Union losses at battles such as the Wilderness and Cold Harbor. However, even though they had the advantage of fighting on the defensive, the Confederate forces had "almost as high a percentage of casualties as the Union forces." [159] The high Union casualty figures alarmed the North, and, after Grant lost a third of his army, Lincoln asked what Grant's plans were. "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer," replied Grant.[160]
The Confederacy was out of replacements, so Lee's army shrank with every battle, forcing it back to trenches outside Petersburg, where Grant began a siege. Lincoln then made an extended visit to Grant's headquarters at City Point, Virginia. This allowed the president to confer in person with Grant and Sherman about the hostilities (as Sherman coincidentally managed a hasty visit to Grant from his forces in North Carolina at the same time).[161] Lincoln and the Republican party mobilized support throughout the North, backed Grant to the hilt, and replaced his losses.[162]
Lincoln authorized Grant to target the Confederate infrastructure – such as plantations, railroads, and bridges – hoping to destroy the South's morale and weaken its economic ability to continue fighting. Indeed, Grant's move to Petersburg resulted in the obstruction of three railroad between Richmond and the south. This strategy allowed Generals Sherman and Sheridan to destroy plantations and towns in the Shenandoah Valley, Georgia, and South Carolina. The damage caused by Sherman's March to the Sea through Georgia totaled more than $100 million by the general's own estimate.[163]
Jubal Anderson Early began a series of menacing assaults in the North which threatened the capitol. During his raid on Washington, D.C. in 1864, Lincoln was watching the combat from an exposed position; captain Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. shouted at him, "Get down, you damn fool, before you get shot!"[164] After repeated calls on Grant to defend Washington, Philip Sheridan was appointed and the threat from Early was dispatched.[165]
As Grant continued to wear down Lee's forces, efforts to discuss peace began. The Confederacy appointed its Vice President Stephens to lead a group to meet with lincoln and Seward and others at Hampton Roads. Lincoln refused to allow negotiation based on any assumption that the Confederacy was deemed an equal. Lincoln's objective was an agreement to end the fighting. The meetings produced no results.[166]
In April 1865, Lee's army finally crumbled under Grant's pounding, and Richmond fell.[167]
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln met with his cabinet on July 22, 1862 for the first reading of a draft of the Emancipation Proclamation.Lincoln maintained that the powers of his administration to end slavery were limited by the Constitution. He expected to cause the eventual extinction of slavery by stopping its further expansion into any U.S. territory, and by persuading states to accept compensated emancipation if the state would outlaw slavery (an offer that took effect only in Washington, D.C.). Guelzo says Lincoln believed that shrinking slavery in this way would make it uneconomical, and place it back on the road to eventual extinction that the Founders had envisioned.[168]
In July 1862, Congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which freed the slaves of anyone convicted of aiding the rebellion. Although Lincoln believed it was not in Congress's remit to free any slaves, he approved the bill. He felt freeing the slaves could only be done by the Commander in Chief during wartime, and that signing the bill would help placate those in Congress who wanted to do it through legislation. In that month, Lincoln discussed a draft of the Emancipation Proclamation with his cabinet. In it, he stated that "as a fit and necessary military measure" (and according to Donald not for moral reasons) on January 1, 1863, "all persons held as a slaves" in the Confederate states will " thenceforward, and forever, be free."[169]
In a shrewdly penned August reply to an editorial by Horace Greeley in the influential New York Tribune, with a draft of the Proclamation already on Lincoln's desk, the president subordinated the goal of ending slavery to the cause of preserving the Union, while, at the same time, preparing the public for emancipation being incomplete at first. Lincoln had decided at this point that he could not win the war without freeing the slaves, and so it was a necessity "to do more to help the cause":
My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union.[170]
The Emancipation Proclamation, announced on September 22, 1862, and put into effect on January 1, 1863, freed slaves in territories not already under Union control. As Union armies advanced south, more slaves were liberated until all of them in Confederate territory (over three million) were freed. Lincoln later said: "I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper." The proclamation made the abolition of slavery in the rebel states an official war goal. Lincoln later sought to incorporate the proclamation into the Constitution through passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, permanently abolishing slavery throughout the nation.[171] He personally lobbied individual Congressmen for the Amendment, which was passed by the Congress in early 1865, shortly before his death.[172] A few days after the Emancipation was announced, thirteen Republican governors met at the War Governors' Conference; they supported the president's Proclamation, but suggested the removal of General George B. McClellan as commander of the Union Army.[173] For some time, Lincoln continued earlier plans to set up colonies for the newly freed slaves. He commented favorably on colonization in the Emancipation Proclamation, but all attempts at such a massive undertaking failed. As Frederick Douglass observed, Lincoln was, "The first great man that I talked with in the United States freely who in no single instance reminded me I was a Negro."[174]
Using black troops and former slaves was official government policy after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. At first Lincoln was reluctant to fully implement this program, but by the spring of 1863 he was ready to initiate "a massive recruitment of Negro troops." In a letter to Andrew Johnson, the military governor of Tennessee, encouraging him to lead the way in raising black troops, Lincoln wrote, "The bare sight of fifty thousand armed, and drilled black soldiers on the banks of the Mississippi would end the rebellion at once."[175] By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited twenty regiments of African Americans from the Mississippi Valley.[176]
Second Term (1865)
1864 Election
When Grant's spring campaigns turned into bloody stalemates, Lincoln supported Grant's dtermination to wear down Lee's Confederate army at the cost of heavy Union casualties. With an election looming, he easily defeated efforts to deny his renomination. At the Convention, the Republican Party selected Andrew Johnson, a War Democrat from the Southern state of Tennessee, as his running mate to form a broader coalition. They ran on the new Union Party ticket uniting Republicans and War Democrats.
Nevertheless, the lack of military success wore heavily on the President's re-election prospects, and even many Republicans across the country feared that Lincoln would be defeated and a number began looking for a substitute. Acknowledging this fear, Lincoln wrote and signed a pledge that, if he should lose the election, he would still defeat the Confederacy before turning over the White House:[177]
This morning, as for some days past, it seems exceedingly probable that this Administration will not be re-elected. Then it will be my duty to so co-operate with the President elect, as to save the Union between the election and the inauguration; as he will have secured his election on such ground that he cannot possibly save it afterwards.[178]
Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet, but asked them to sign the sealed envelope. While the Democratic platform followed the Peace wing of the party and called the war a "failure," their candidate, General George B. McClellan, supported the war and repudiated the platform. Lincoln provided Grant with new replacements and mobilized his party to support Grant and win local support for the war effort. Lincoln made no effort to increase his electoral vote by prematurely admitting new states, or readmitting old states, to the Union as was suspected he might.[179] Sherman's capture of Atlanta in September and David Farragut's capture of Mobile ended defeatist jitters[180]; the Democratic Party was deeply split, with some leaders and most soldiers openly for Lincoln; the Union party was united and energized, and Lincoln was easily reelected in a landslide. He won all but three states, including 78% of the Union soldiers' vote.[181]
Second Inaugural Address
On March 4, 1865, Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address, the shortest inaugural speech in history and his personal favorite of all those he gave. At this time, a victory over the rebels was at hand, slavery was dead, and Lincoln was looking to the future.
Fondly do we hope — fervently do we pray — that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the bond-man's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord, are true and righteous altogether." With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan — to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.[182]
Lincoln's comment as he filed the speech away was "a fair amount of wisdom there." And Frederick Douglas remarked it was "a sacred effort."[183]
Reconstruction
Reconstruction began during the war as Lincoln and his associates pondered questions of how to reintegrate the Southern states and what to do with Confederate leaders and the freed slaves. Lincoln led the "moderates" regarding Reconstruction policy, and was usually opposed by the Radical Republicans, under Thaddeus Stevens in the House and Charles Sumner and Benjamin Wade in the Senate (though he cooperated with these men on most other issues). Determined to find a course that would reunite the nation and not alienate the South, Lincoln urged that speedy elections under generous terms be held throughout the war in areas behind Union lines. His Amnesty Proclamation of December 8, 1863, offered pardons to those who had not held a Confederate civil office, had not mistreated Union prisoners, and would sign an oath of allegiance.[184]
Critical decisions had to be made as southern states were subdued. Of special importance were Tennessee and Arkansas, where Lincoln appointed Gen. Andrew Johnson and Gen. Frederick Steele as military governors, respectively. In Louisiana Lincoln ordered Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks to promote a plan that would restore statehood when 10% of the voters agreed to it. Lincoln's opponents seized on these appointments to accuse him of using the military to insure his and the Republicans' political aspirations. The Radicals thought his policy too lenient, and passed their own plan, the Wade-Davis Bill, in 1864. When Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill, the Radicals retaliated by refusing to seat representatives elected from Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee.[185]
Lincoln's decision to fill retired Chief Justice Taney's seat on the Supreme Court with the appointment of Salmon Chase was strategically designed to facilitate reconstruction, as he shared Lincoln's views on emancipation and his uses of the greenback to finance the Union's war efforts.[186]
Lincoln also was able to visit Richmond after it was taken by the Union forces and to make a public gesture of sitting at Jefferson Davis' own desk, symbolically saying to the nation that the President of the United States held authority over the entire land. He was greeted at the city as a conquering hero by freed slaves, whose sentiments were epitomized by one admirer's quote, "I know I am free for I have seen the face of Father Abraham and have felt him." When a general asked Lincoln how the defeated Confederates should be treated, Lincoln replied, "Let 'em up easy."[187] Lincoln arrived back in Washington on the evening of April 9, 1865, the day Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The war was effectively over. The other rebel armies surrendered soon after, and there was no subsequent guerrilla warfare.[188]
Redefining Republicanism
Lincoln's rhetoric defined the issues of the war for the nation, the world, and posterity. The Gettysburg Address defied Lincoln's own prediction that "the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here." His second inaugural address is also greatly admired and often quoted. In recent years, historians have stressed Lincoln's use of and redefinition of republican values. As early as the 1850s, a time when most political rhetoric focused on the sanctity of the Constitution, Lincoln shifted emphasis to the Declaration of Independence as the foundation of American political values—what he called the "sheet anchor" of republicanism.[189] The Declaration's emphasis on freedom and equality for all, rather than the Constitution's tolerance of slavers, shifted the debate. As Diggins concludes regarding the highly influential Cooper Union speech, "Lincoln presented Americans a theory of history that offers a profound contribution to the theory and destiny of republicanism itself."[190] His position gained strength because he highlighted the moral basis of republicanism, rather than its legalisms.[191] Nevertheless, in 1861 Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms (the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a "republican form of government" in every state.[192] That duty was also the principle underlying federal intervention in Reconstruction. In his Gettysburg Address Lincoln redefined the American nation, arguing that it was born not in 1789 but in 1776, "conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." He declared that the sacrifices of battle had rededicated the nation to the propositions of democracy and equality, "that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." By emphasizing the centrality of the nation, he rebuffed the claims of state sovereignty. While some critics say Lincoln moved too far and too fast, they agree that he dedicated the nation to values that marked "a new founding of the nation."[193]
Domestic measures
Lincoln believed in the Whig theory of the presidency, which left Congress to write the laws while he signed them; Lincoln exercised his veto power only four times, the only significant instance being his pocket veto of the Wade-Davis Bill.[194] Thus, he signed the Homestead Act in 1862, making millions of acres of government-held land in the West available for purchase at very low cost. The Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act, also signed in 1862, provided government grants for state agricultural colleges in each state. The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States' First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed in 1869.[195] The passage of the Homestead Act and the Pacific Railway Acts was made possible by the absence of Southern congressmen and senators who had opposed the measures in the 1850s.[196]
Other important legislation involved two measures to raise revenues for the Federal government: tariffs (a policy with long precedent), and a Federal income tax (which was new). In 1861, Lincoln signed the second and third Morrill Tariff (the first had become law under James Buchanan). In 1861, Lincoln signed the Revenue Act of 1861[197] creating the first U.S. income tax. This created a flat tax of 3% on incomes above $800 ($19,307 in current dollars), which was later changed by the Revenue Act of 1862[198] to a progressive rate structure.[199]
Lincoln also presided over the expansion of the federal government's economic influence in several other areas. The creation of the system of national banks by the National Banking Acts of 1863, 1864, and 1865 allowed the creation of a strong national financial system. In 1862, Congress created, with Lincoln's approval, the Department of Agriculture, although that institution would not become a Cabinet-level department until 1889. The Legal Tender Act of 1862 established the United States Note, the first paper currency in United States history since the Continentals that were issued during the Revolution. This was done to increase the money supply to pay for fighting the war.
In 1862, Lincoln sent a senior general, John Pope, to put down the "Sioux Uprising" in Minnesota. Presented with 303 death warrants for convicted Santee Dakota who were accused of killing innocent farmers, Lincoln conducted his own personal review of each of these warrants, eventually approving 39 for execution (one was later reprieved).[200]
In the wake of Grant's casualties in his campaign against Lee, Lincoln had considered another executive call to strengthen response to the military draft, but it was never issued. In response to rumors of one, the editors of the New York World and the Journal of Commerce published a bogus draft proclamation which created an opportunity for the editors and others of the publications to corner the gold market. Lincoln's reaction was to send the strongest of messages to the media about such behavior; he ordered the military to seize the two papers which lasted for two days.[201]
Abraham Lincoln is largely responsible for the institution of the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States. Prior to Lincoln's presidency, Thanksgiving, while a regional holiday in New England since the 17th century, had only been proclaimed by the federal government sporadically, and on irregular dates. The last such proclamation was during James Madison's presidency fifty years before. In 1863, Lincoln declared the final Thursday in November to be a day of Thanksgiving, and the holiday has been celebrated annually then ever since.[202]
The Lincoln Cabinet :
President Abraham Lincoln 1861–1865
Vice President Hannibal Hamlin 1861–1865
Andrew Johnson 1865
State William H. Seward 1861–1865
War Simon Cameron 1861–1862
Edwin M. Stanton 1862–1865
Treasury Salmon P. Chase 1861–1864
William P. Fessenden 1864–1865
Hugh McCulloch 1865
Justice Edward Bates 1861–1864
James Speed 1864–1865
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis—the American Civil War—by preserving the Union by force while ending slavery and promoting economic modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, he was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband and father of four children.
Lincoln was an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States, which he deftly articulated in his campaign debates and speeches.[1] As a result, he secured the Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860. After war began, following declarations of secession by southern slave states, he concentrated on both the military and political dimensions of the war effort, seeking to reunify the nation. He vigorously exercised unprecedented war powers, including the arrest and detention without trial of thousands of suspected secessionists. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery.
Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including Ulysses S. Grant. He brought leaders of various factions of his party into his cabinet and pressured them to cooperate. He defused a confrontation with Britain in the Trent affair late in 1861. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond. Each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865. A shrewd politician deeply involved with patronage and power issues in each state, he reached out to War Democrats and managed his own reelection in the 1864 presidential election.
As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln came under attack from all sides. Radical Republicans wanted harsher treatment of the South, Democrats desired more compromise, and secessionists saw him as their enemy. Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory; for example, his Gettysburg Address of 1863 became one of the most quoted speeches in American history. It was an iconic statement of America's dedication to the principles of nationalism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. Just six days after the decisive surrender of the commanding general of the Confederate army, Lincoln fell victim to an assassin, the first U.S. president to suffer such a fate. Lincoln has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. presidents.
Abraham Lincoln la Presidencia de EEUU
El padre de Mary Todd Lincoln se casó con Elizabeth Humphreys en 1826.1 Mary tuvo una Relación Difícil Con su madrastra. A partir de 1832, Mary Todd Vivió en lo que ahora se conoce como la Casa de Mary Todd Lincoln, una mansión de la ciudad de Lexington (estado de Kentucky ).< ref> Mary Todd Lincoln House </ ref> Del matrimonio de su padre con su madre biológica y su madrastra, Mary Todd Tuvo 15 hermanos. A la edad de 20 años, en 1839, Mary Todd se mudó de la casa familiar de Springfield (estado de Illinois), donde vivía ya su hermana Elizabeth.2 Mary Todd, que era una joven inteligente y coqueta, Fue cortejada por el abogado y político emergente Stephen A. Douglas, ella Aunque Se sintió atraída por el rival de aquél, y abogado también de estatus más bajo, Abraham Lincoln. Elizabeth Facilito su noviazgo y le presento a Abraham Lincoln, el 16 de diciembre de ese año. Se dice que Lincoln Cuando supo que se apellidaba Todd, dos con "D", le preguntó: "¿Por qué? A Dios le Bastó con una sola" (en castellano, "Dios"). Tras un noviazgo tormentoso marcado por al menos una ruptura, Mary Todd se casó con Abraham Lincoln el 4 de noviembre de 1842. Casi exactamente nueve meses Después, el 1 de agosto de 1843, Mary Todd dio a luz un su primer hijo, Robert Todd Lincoln. Mientras Abraham Lincoln cosechaba cada vez más éxitos profesionales como abogado en Springfield, Mary Todd se ocupaba de su familia Creciente. La casa que habitaron en Springfield, entre 1844 y 1861 sigue en pie hoy en día y funciona como la Lincoln Home National Historic Site.
Los hijos del matrimonio, nacidos todos en Springfield, fueron:
Robert Todd Lincoln: (1843 - 1926) Edward Baker Lincoln | Edward (Eddie) Baker Lincoln: (1846 - 1850) William Wallace Lincoln | William (Willie) Wallace Lincoln: (1850 - 1862) Thomas Lincoln | Thomas (TAD) de Lincoln: (1853 - 1871).
De los cuatro, sólo Robert Todd y Thomas llegaron a la edad adulta, y sólo Robert sobrevivio a su madre.
Mary Todd Lincoln estaba muy enamorada de su marido y en ocasiones la entristecía su ausencia del hogar para ejercer su profesión y participar en las campañas políticas. Aun así, en la década de 1850, Mary Lincoln Apoyo a su marido incondicionalmente en su lucha contra la Creciente crisis provocada por la esclavitud en los Estados Unidos, que culminó con su elección como presidente. La elección de Lincoln provocó que siete estados sureños declarasen su independencia de la Unión. En el estado natal de Mary Lincoln, Kentucky (uno de los cuatro estados esclavistas que no se separaron), existía un arraigado sentimiento contrario a la Unión, y muchas familias de clase alta (a la Cual pertenecía María) apoyaban la causa sureña.
Primera Dama Mary Lincoln era una mujer culta que se interesaba por la actualidad de su país y compartía la tremenda ambición de su marido, pero su origen sureño le planteó obstáculos que se hicieron evidentes enseguida que asumió sus responsabilidades de Primera Dama en marzo de 1861. Además, algunos rasgos de su carácter tampoco le ayudaban a superar dichos problemas: nerviosa y susceptible, a veces actuaba de manera irracional. Al trasladarse a la capital, se granjeó una impopularidad de la noche a la mañana. El predecesor de Abraham Lincoln, James Buchanan, que permaneció soltero toda su vida, no había podido utilizar la Casa Blanca para reuniones públicas, a tenor de las reglas de la época, de modo que en 1861 la residencia se encontraba en un estado de cierto abandono. Mary Todd emprendió una serie de reformas de la Casa Blanca, pero los fondos públicos necesarios se extrajeron al mismo tiempo que aumentaba el gasto del Estado para sufragar la Guerra Civil, con lo cual fue criticada con dureza. La prensa controlada por el Partido Demócrata les dedicó críticas feroces tanto a ella como al gobierno de su marido, que se vieron avivadas por las ostentosas excursiones de Mary Lincoln a Nueva York para realizar sus compras personales. A medida que avanzaba la Guerra Civil, comenzaron a circular rumores contra la lealtad e integridad de Mary Lincoln. Entre otras cosas, se la acusaba de ser simpatizante de los Estados Confederados, e incluso una espía (muchos parientes suyos luchaban del lado de la Confederación: dos hermanastros y su cuñado murieron en batalla), aunque en realidad Mary Lincoln fue una defensora ferviente e incansable de la causa de la Unión. Sus enemigos jamás advirtieron sus numerosas visitas a los soldados de la Unión atendidos en los hospitales de camapaña de Washington y cercanías. Abraham Lincoln defendió enérgicamente a su mujer ante los crueles ataques de sus detractores Durante la Guerra Civil, los estadounidenses de origen sureño pero fieles a la Unión, como Mary Lincoln, tuvieron que compatibilizar el concepto de supremacía de la raza blanca, que les habían inculcado desde la infancia, con la nueva función de los afroamericanos como elemento fundamental de la fortaleza de la Unión. Como parte de este dilema moral y personal, Mary Lincoln aceptó a una antigua modista esclava, Elizabeth Keckly, como su amiga íntima y confidente en la Casa Blanca. Posteriormente, los recuerdos de Elizabeth Keckly serían un elemento clave para comprender los problemas psicológicos que padeció Mary Lincoln como Primera Dama. Los desafíos personales de Mary Lincoln se recrudecieron en febrero de 1862 cuando su hijo Willie, de 11 años, murió de fiebre tifoidea, tras lo cual Mary, ya de por sí debilitada en el plano psicológico, casi sucumbió al dolor producido por el fallecimiento. Contrató a médiums y espiritistas para intentar contactar con el espíritu de su hijo, con lo cual derrochó nuevamente otra pequeña fortuna. Tras la muerte de Willie, Mary Todd limitó las recepciones que ofrecía en la Casa Blanca, situación que sus enemigos aprovecharon para acusarla de desatender sus obligaciones sociales
Asesinato de Abraham Lincoln y vida posterior En abril de 1865, cuando la guerra tocaba su fin, Mary Lincoln albergaba la esperanza de renovar su felicidad como Primera Dama de un país en paz, pero el 14 de abril de 1865, mientras el matrimonio Lincoln asistía a la representación de la obra Our American Cousin en el Teatro Ford, el presidente Lincoln fue herido de muerte por un asesino. Abraham Lincoln fue conducido al edificio opuesto al teatro, la casa Petersen, en compañía de Mary, y allí moriría el día siguiente, 15 de abril de 1865. Mary Lincoln jamás se recuperaría de la traumática experiencia. Ya viuda, Mary Lincoln regresó a Illinois. En 1868, la antigua confidente de Mary, Elizabeth Keckly, publicó Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the Wh
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the USA's Timeline
1809
| James K. Polk |
Complete the title of the poem by Rupert Brooke 'The Old Vicarage,.......'? | James Knox Polk (1795 - 1849) - Genealogy
James Knox Polk
in Nashville, Davidson Co., TN, USA
Cause of death:
Lawyer, Farmer (Planter), President of the United States, 11th President of the USA
Managed by:
Nov 2 1793 - Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Death:
June 15 1849 - Nashville, Davidson County, Tn
Parents:
Samuel Wilson Major Polk, Jane Gracy Knox
Wife:
Nov 2 1795 - Pineville, Mecklenburg, North Carolina, United States
Death:
June 15 1849 - Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee, United States
Parents:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
"...OP MR. POLK. ...? t The Telegraph, last evening, announced the death of Ex-President James K. Polk. , He died at Nashville, on the 15...
Publication:
Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... deep regret, announces to the American people the death of James K. Polk, late President of the United States, which occurred at Nashvil...
Publication:
Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... tribute of respect to the memory of the late Ex-President, James K. Polk. Resolutions of respect ... your poor correspondent, who is rea...
Publication:
Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... measures for a public expression of their grief at the death of James K. Polk, late ... , That this Association has heard with the deepe...
Publication:
Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... War communicate to the Army the death ofthe late Ex-President James K. Polk : The President, witli deep regret, aunounces to the America...
Publication:
New York, New York, New York, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
".... Polk. in he Nashville True Whig of Tuesdaylast: James K. Polk, late President of this .eputilic, died in this city, as we barely ad...
Publication:
Edgefield, Edgefield, South Carolina, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... he died. nVATtf ru.1 I A mvq tr nniv A/uiiiu vi i . i ksajmx James K. Polk Ex-President of tlu lTnited States, departed this life on ihi...
Publication:
Walhalla, Oconee, South Carolina, USA
Date:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... luesday morning f brings us the sad intelligence of the death of James K. Polk, Ex. President of the United 5 States, which took, place ...
Publication:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... Convention. New York, June 2d. The President officially announced James K. Polk's death, and ordered the Departments ... to the memory o...
Publication:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, 1836-1922
Text:
... last night (Monday ISth) announcing the death at Nashville, of JAMES K. POLK, ex-President of the United States, by Cholera. .Later From...
Publication:
Fayetteville, Cumberland, North Carolina, USA
Date:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk
James Knox Polk (pronounced /ˈpoʊk/ POKE; November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849). Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. He later lived in and represented the state of Tennessee. A Democrat, Polk served as Speaker of the House (1835–1839) and Governor of Tennessee (1839–1841). Polk was the surprise ("dark horse") candidate for president in 1844, defeating Henry Clay of the rival Whig Party by promising to annex Texas. Polk was a leader of Jacksonian Democracy during the Second Party System.
Polk was the last strong pre-Civil War president. Polk is noted for his foreign policy successes. He threatened war with Britain then backed away and split the ownership of the Oregon region (the Pacific Northwest) with Britain. When Mexico rejected American annexation of Texas, Polk led the nation to a sweeping victory in the Mexican–American War, followed by purchase of California, Arizona, and New Mexico. He secured passage of the Walker tariff of 1846, which had low rates that pleased his native South. He established a treasury system that lasted until 1913.
Polk oversaw the opening of the U.S. Naval Academy and the Smithsonian Institution, the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument, and the issuance of the first postage stamps in the United States.
He promised to serve only one term and did not run for reelection. He died of cholera three months after his term ended.
Scholars have ranked him favorably on the list of greatest presidents for his ability to set an agenda and achieve all of it. Polk has been called the "least known consequential president" of the United States.
Early Life
Was born in a log farmhouse in what is now Pineville, North Carolina in Mecklenburg County on November 2, 1795, just outside of Charlotte. While Jane was a Presbyterian, Samuel's father was a deist, so when James was taken to be baptized, Samuel refused to declare his belief in Christianity, and the minister refused to baptize the child. In 1803, the majority of Polk's relatives moved to the Duck River area in what is now Maury County, Middle Tennessee; however, Polk's family waited until 1806 to follow. The family grew prosperous.
During his childhood, James suffered from poor health, which additionally negatively affected his early schooling. In 1812, just before he turned 17, his father tried to take him to Philadelphia to seek Dr. Philip Syng Physick in the back of a covered wagon. However, his pain became so unbearable that he was taken instead to the nearer Dr. Ephraim McDowell of Danville, Kentucky, who conducted an operation to remove urinary stones. The operation may have left James sterile, as Polk never had children.
The house where Polk spent his adult life prior to his presidency, in Columbia, Tennessee, is his only residence still standing.When Polk recovered, his formal education began at the age of 18, when he studied at the Zion Church near his home. He later attended an academy in Murfreesboro, where he potentially could have met his future wife, Sarah Childress; however, this has not been convincingly proven.
In 1815, a younger brother, William Hawkins Polk, was born; William eventually served as charge d'affairs to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies during the Polk administration and later as a U.S. Congressman. James was then admitted to the University of North Carolina as a second-semester sophomore. The Polks had connections with the university, then a small school of about eighty students: Sam Polk was their land agent for Tennessee, and his cousin, William Polk, was a trustee. While there, Polk joined the Dialectic Society, in which he learned the art of oration. He also became the first person to be reelected president of the society. Among the people Polk met at the university was his roommate William Dunn Moseley, who later became the first governor of Florida. Polk graduated in May 1818 at the top of his class.
After graduation, Polk traveled to Nashville to study law under renowned Nashville trial attorney Felix Grundy. While working for Grundy, he served as clerk of the Tennessee State Senate from 1819 to 1822, a position which enabled him to learn the routine of the legislature. Polk was admitted to the bar in June 1820, and established his own practice in Columbia, Tennessee while the Senate was in recess. His first case was to defend his father against a public fighting charge, a case which he won. He worked with Aaron V. Brown, future Governor of Tennessee and Postmaster General.
James Knox Polk was inaugurated as the 11th President of the United States on March 4, 1845.
He and Sarah had no children.
James' and Sarah's bodies were moved to the grounds of the State Capitol in Nashville, Tennessee in 1893.
James Knox Polk (pronounced /poʊk/; November 2, 1795–June 15, 1849) was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, but mostly lived in and represented the state of Tennessee. A Democrat, Polk served as Speaker of the House (1835–1839) and Governor of Tennessee (1839–1841) prior to becoming president.
A firm supporter of Andrew Jackson, Polk was the last "strong" pre-American Civil War president.[1] Polk is noted for his foreign policy successes. He threatened war with Britain then backed away and split the ownership of the Northwest with Britain. He is even more famous for leading the successful Mexican–American War. He lowered the tariff and established a treasury system that lasted until 1913. A "dark horse" candidate in 1844, he was the first president who retired after one term and did not seek re-election. He died of cholera three months after his term ended.
As a Democrat committed to geographic expansion (or "Manifest Destiny"), he overrode Whig objections and was responsible for the second-largest expansion of the nation's territory. Polk secured the Oregon Territory (including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), amounting to about 285,000 square miles (738,000 km²) then purchased 525,000 square miles (1,360,000 km²) through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican–American War.
The expansion re-opened a furious debate over allowing slavery in the new territories. The controversy was inadequately arbitrated by the Compromise of 1850, and only found its ultimate resolution on the battlefields of the U. S. Civil War. Polk signed the Walker Tariff that brought an era of near free trade to the country until 1861. He oversaw the opening of the U.S. Naval Academy and the Smithsonian, the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument, and the issuance of the first postage stamps in the United States, introduced by his Postmaster General Cave Johnson. He was the first President of the United States to be photographed frequently while in office.[2] Scholars have ranked him 8th to 12th on the list of greatest presidents for his ability to set an agenda and achieve all of it.
11th United States President. He was born on a 250-acre farm in Pineville, North Carolina moving to Tennessee at age 11. After a mere two years of formal education James Knox Polk returned to North Carolina to become an honor student at the University of North Carolina. Upon graduation, he studied law in Nashville and then established a law practice in Columbia. During his first year in the Tennessee Legislature, he was introduced to Sarah Childress by Andrew Jackson. A courtship ensued culminating in marriage. His Congressional career lasted fourteen years including two terms as Speaker of the House. Polk returned home and successfully ran for governor of Tennessee. After a two year term he failed to be reelected. Shrewdly, he did not quit politics. His opportunity to revive his career came at the Democratic convention where he became a compromise candidate and when on to win the White House. James and Sarah arrived in Washington for the inauguration by boat and Sarah set the stage for an austere administration. There was to be no dancing, singing, or alcohol permitted in the Polk White House and the Sabbath would be strictly observed. However, his administration froth with achievement. He expanded the borders of the United States to the Pacific Ocean while adding three states to the Union, started the Naval Academy, began construction of the Washington Monument and issued the first postage stamp while proclaiming a uniform standard for all the states; elections would be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. True to his campaign pledge, he served only a four year term. He and Sarah returned to Tennessee. The couple embarked on an extensive tour of the southern states. At the end of the trip, he moved into his recently purchased estate in Nashville, "Polk Place." Just four months after leaving the White House, James Polk, the youngest president in history was dead at the age of 53. He was buried at the Nashville City Cemetery and later reinterred on the lawn of his home "Polk Place" under a monument designed by architect William Strickland. His widow, Sarah endured the longest widowhood of any first lady and was in her 43rd year when death took her at the mansion. She was buried beside her husband at age 87. She had allowed the residence and grounds to become a rundown eyesore. Two years after her death it was demolished and both bodies and the monument were relocated to the grounds of the State Capitol. Polk's greatest legacy was already coming true at the time of his death. America was being forged into a land spanning from sea to shining sea. Pioneers were rushing west to settle or search for gold in California. His birthplace in Pineville is not authentic but a reconstruction on land from the farm of his birth resulted in a few embellished period cabins and a stone historic monument. The Ancestral Home in Columbia, Tennessee was constructed by the Presidents father. It is the only surviving residence of where Polk lived. Here he practiced law and began his political career. The Home displays original items from his years in Tennessee and Washington including furniture paintings and White House china. In the court yard is the cast iron fountain from the demolished Polk mansion in downtown Nashville. It is all that remains of the mansion where the President died and was buried and where Mrs Polk lived until her death and was buried. (bio by: Donald Greyfield)
| i don't know |
Who scored a maximum 147 break in this year's World Snooker Championship at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield? | BBC SPORT | Other sport... | Snooker | Crucible 147's
Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory.
Watch Ronnie O'Sullivan's brilliant 147
Ronnie O'Sullivan sees of Mark Williams in the second round with a brilliant 147.
Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory.
Highlights: Ali Carter fires a superb 147
Ali Carter makes Crucible history with a 147 break against Peter Ebdon, the only time two players have made maximums in the same ranking tournament.
2005
Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory.
Replay: Williams hits superb Crucible 147
Mark Williams adds his name to The Crucible history books with a 147 break against Robert Milkins during their first-round match.
2003
Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory.
Archive: Ronnie's second Crucible maximum
Ronnie O'Sullivan racks up his second 147 at The Crucible during his first round exit at the hands of Marco Fu.
1997
Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory.
Archive: Ronnie rockets to Crucible 147
Watch the fastest maximum break ever, as Ronnie O'Sullivan stuns the Crucible audience.
1995
Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory.
Archive: Hendry hits a maximum
Stephen Hendry becomes the third person to score a maximum 147 at The Crucible against Jimmy White.
1992
| Stephen Hendry |
In the 2007 film 'Transformers', who are the opponents of the 'Autobots'? | World Snooker Championship | Snooker Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
Edit
The first championship was held in 1927 and Joe Davis helped to organise the event. Matches were held at various venues, and the final took place at Camkin's Hall, Birmingham. Joe Davis won the event, beating Tom Dennis 20-11. His prize money was £6.10s. The highest break of the tournament was 60 by Albert Cope.
In subsequent years, finals were held at various venues. Joe Davis won every year until 1940. Despite an upsurge in interest in snooker there were only two entrants for the 1931 professional championship . The event was staged in the back room of a Nottingham pub, owned by Tom Dennis . The fact that he was playing on his own table didn't help as Joe Davis ran out a 25-21 winner for his fifth consecutive victory.
In 1940, Joe Davis just beat his younger brother Fred 37-36. No tournaments were organised during the remaining World War II and it only resumed in 1946 when Joe Davis won again for the 15th time, a record that still stands. Joe Davis never contested the world championship again, though he continued to play professional snooker.
Walter Donaldson won in 1947, but it was Fred Davis who dominated the next few years, winning it three times in 1948, 1949 and 1951.
In 1952, as a result of a disagreement between the governing bodies (the Billiards Association and Control Council), and some of the players, two tournaments were held. The World Matchplay , organised by the players and widely viewed as the "real" world championship, continued until 1957. The BA&CC event only lasted one year. Meanwhile the 'official' world championship did attract two entrants in 1952, Horace Lindrum (Australia) beating New Zealand's Clark McConachy – and it is Lindrum's name that is inscribed on the familiar trophy.
Snooker then went into a period of decline, and no tournament was held between 1958 and 1963. In 1964 it was revived on a challenge basis, a format which lasted until 1968. This meant that matches took place on an irregular basis, sometimes more than once a year. John Pulman completely dominated during this period, overcoming all challengers in a total of seven matches.
The championship reverted back to a knockout tournament in 1969. That year it was won by John Spencer , but it was Ray Reardon who was to dominate over the coming years, winning six times between 1970 and 1978.
1976 was the first year the championships were sponsored by the cigarette brand Embassy. The following year, the event moved to the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield and the BBC started providing major television coverage. The Crucible seats fewer than a thousand people with the front row of seats only a few feet from the players. This was about the time snooker started attracting very large television audiences and for many fans it is synonymous with snooker. The most successful players at the Crucible are Steve Davis , who won six times in the 1980s, and Stephen Hendry , who won seven times in the 1990s. Recently, the tournament has been more open, with six different players winning in the 2000s. In the 1985 final , Dennis Taylor beat Steve Davis 18-17 on the final ball of the final frame, in one of the most closely contested matches of all time. It finished at 00:19 but was superseded as the latest finish first by the 2006 final (00:52 BST), then the 2007 final (00:55 BST).
In 2004 , the championship offered a total of £1,378,920 in prize money, including £250,000 for the winner and £125,000 for the runner-up. A further £147,000 was on offer for a 147 break, though no player achieved this.
Recent legislation has placed restrictions on tobacco advertising, including sponsorship of sporting events. Embassy had a special dispensation to continue snooker sponsorship until 2005. The Championship is currently sponsored by Betfred.com after 888.com pulled out of their five year sponsorship deal after three years.
On 15 April 2009, the World Snooker Championship website announced that Betfred.com would be the new sponsor of the World Championship for the next four years.
On 27 April 2009, it was confirmed that the World Championships would stay at the Crucible for at least another five years (until 2014).
Winners
In the 2009 Championship, Stephen Hendry won his 1000th frame at the Crucible Theatre , against Ding Junhui .
Horace Lindrum of Australia, who won in 1952, Cliff Thorburn of Canada, who won in 1980 and Ken Doherty of Ireland, who won in 1997, are the only champions from outside the United Kingdom. Lindrum's official title is often discounted, as most of the best players did not compete.
Surprise winners at the Crucible include Joe Johnson and Shaun Murphy , who won in 1986 and 2005 respectively against odds of 150-1 each, and Terry Griffiths , whose 1979 victory came in only his second professional tournament.
Jimmy White has reached six finals, but has never won. The closest he came was 18-17 in 1994 against Stephen Hendry , on his 32nd birthday.
Ronnie O'Sullivan is the only finalist in the modern era to have never lost in a final.
Ken Doherty is the only player to have won the world title at junior, amateur and professional level.
Stephen Hendry holds the record for the longest unbeaten run at the Crucible Theatre . He won the Championship every year between 1992 and 1996, and continued unbeaten until the 1997 final.
John Parrott is the only player to have recorded a whitewash in the final tournament. He beat Eddie Charlton 10-0 in the first round in 1992 .
Since the tournament has been held at the Crucible only two players have successfully defended a world title: Steve Davis in 1984, 1988 and 1989, and Stephen Hendry 1993-1996. No player has successfully defended his first title in the modern era.
Media coverage
Edit
BBC coverage used to be hosted from its inception in 1976 until 2000 by David Vine with commentary by Ted Lowe . Since 2000 the BBC coverage has been hosted by Hazel Irvine or Ray Stubbs or more recently with Rishi Persad when Hazel or Ray are unavailable. Commentary is by a raft of ex-pros and current pros including Willie Thorne , Dennis Taylor , John Virgo , John Parrott , Steve Davis , Ken Doherty , Clive Everton , Terry Griffiths and Neal Foulds . The BBC will continue to televise this event (along with three other tournaments) until 2011. IMG Media (initially as TWI) have produced the BBC's snooker coverage since 1998.
Eurosport also provide coverage of the event.
| i don't know |
Since December 1999, complete the name of this South American country: Bolivarian Republic of .......? | Venezuela - Country Profile - Nations Online Project
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Country Profile
Background:
Venezuela was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Ecuador).
For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959.
Under Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, and his hand-picked successor, President Nicolas MADURO, the executive branch has exercised increasingly authoritarian control over other branches of government. At the same time, democratic institutions have deteriorated, threats to freedom of expression have increased, and political polarization has grown.
Current concerns include: an increasingly politicized military, rampant violent crime, high inflation, and widespread shortages of basic consumer goods, medicine, and medical supplies, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.
Venezuela assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term.
(Source: CIA - The World Factbook)
| Venezuela |
Which Derbyshire born fashion designer was awarded a DBE in 2006? | Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | Article about Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela by The Free Dictionary
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | Article about Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela by The Free Dictionary
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Bolivarian+Republic+of+Venezuela
Related to Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela: Venezuelan
Venezuela
(vĕnəzwā`lə, Span. vānāswā`lä), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, republic (2005 est. pop. 25,375,000), 352,143 sq mi (912,050 sq km), N South America. Venezuela has a coastline 1,750 mi (2,816 km) long on the Caribbean Sea in the north. It is bordered on the south by Brazil, on the west and southwest by Colombia, and on the east by Guyana. Dependencies include Margarita Margarita
, island, 444 sq mi (1,150 sq km), in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela. With many smaller islands it constitutes the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta (1990 pop. 263,748).
..... Click the link for more information. Island, Tortuga Island, and many smaller island groups in the Caribbean. The capital and largest city is Caracas Caracas
, city (1990 pop. 1,824,892), Federal Dist., N Venezuela, the capital and largest city of the country, near the Caribbean Sea. Its port is La Guaira. With an elevation of c.
..... Click the link for more information. .
Land and People
Geographically Venezuela is a land of vivid contrasts, with four major divisions: the Venezuelan highlands, the coastal lowlands, the basin of the Orinoco River, and the Guiana Highlands. An almost inaccessible and largely unexplored wilderness south of the Orinoco, the Guiana Highlands occupy more than half of the national territory and are noted for scenic wonders such as Angel Falls Angel Falls,
waterfall, Sp. Salto Ángel, 3,212 ft (979 m) high, SE Venezuela, in the Guiana Highlands. Springing from Auyán-Tepuí Mesa, it is the highest uninterrupted waterfall in the world.
..... Click the link for more information. . Iron ore, gold, diamonds, and other minerals are found near Ciudad Bolívar Ciudad Bolívar
, city (1990 pop. 225,340), capital of Bolívar state, E Venezuela, an inland port on the Orinoco River. It is the commercial center of the eastern llanos, the Orinoco basin, and the Guiana Highlands.
..... Click the link for more information. and Ciudad Guayana. The dense forests of the region yield rubber, tropical hardwoods, and other forest products. The boundary with Brazil is mostly mountainous; its rain forests are home to thousands of indigenous inhabitants. The Orinoco, one of the great rivers of South America, has its source in this region. The Orinoco basin is a great pastoral area. North of the Orinoco and about the Apure River and its tributaries are the llanos, the vast, hot Orinoco plains, where there is a great cattle industry.
Oil is found north of the Orinoco in Anzoátequi and Guárico states, but it is thick and was not easily extracted and refined. Prior to the 1990s the most vital oil region economically was an area in the coastal plains, the lowlands around Lake Maracaibo. There, since 1918, foreign and, later, Venezuelan interests have developed astonishingly rich oil fields. The coastal lowlands are exceedingly hot, but coastal ranges rise abruptly from the Caribbean to cool altitudes of 6,000 to 7,000 ft (1,830–2,130 m). These ranges soon become a region of hills, intermontane basins, and plateaus known as the Venezuelan highlands and are a spur of the Andes. Further to the southwest, close to Barquisimeto Barquisimeto
, city (1990 pop. 625,450), capital of Lara state, NW Venezuela, on the Pan-American Highway. Surrounded by good grazing country, the city is a commercial center that ships cattle, coffee, cacao, sugar, and sisal.
..... Click the link for more information. , the mountains rise to their greatest height at Pico Bolívar (16,427 ft/5,007 m) in the Sierra Nevada de Mérida.
Densely populated, the highland region is the political and commercial hub of the nation. Coffee, the keystone of the economy before the oil boom, comes from the slopes and cocoa from the lower foothills. Valencia Valencia
, city (1990 pop. 903,621), capital of Carabobo state, N Venezuela. It is Venezuela's fourth largest city and one of its major industrial centers. Products include motor vehicles, chemicals, textiles, cattle feed, and consumer goods.
..... Click the link for more information. and Maracay Maracay
, city (1990 pop. 354,196), capital of Aragua state, N Venezuela, at the eastern end of Lake Valencia. It is a commercial, agricultural, and industrial city. Its products include sugar, rubber, paper, and cloth. Maracay was modernized in the early 20th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. are, next to Caracas, the chief cities of the mountain basins. Economically dominant in the 19th cent., they are still major urban centers, despite some loss of power because of the oil boom along the coast. Cattle from the llanos are fattened on the rich valley grasses near Lake Valencia. Field crops are intensively cultivated in the vicinity.
The politically and economically dominant landowning class is mainly of Spanish descent. About 65% of the population is mestizo, 20% white, 10% black, and 2% indigenous. Spanish is the official language. There is no established church, but nearly all Venezuelans are nominally Roman Catholic. There are 20 universities in the country.
Economy
About 13% of Venezuelans are engaged in farming. The chief crops are corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, and coffee. There is also extensive livestock raising and fishing. Venezuela's mountains long impeded the nation's economic development because of the communications problems they presented. The country has developed a fine highway system, but goods are still carried primarily by ship. Venezuela has petroleum reserves that are by some estimates the second largest in the world, and oil accounts for about 90% of the export income, 50% of government earnings, and 30% of the gross domestic product. Venezuela is the largest foreign supplier of oil to the United States. Other exports are bauxite, aluminum, steel, chemicals, iron ore, coffee, cocoa, rice, and cotton. Imports include raw materials, machinery, transportation equipment, and construction materials. The main trading partners are the United States, Colombia, and Brazil. A large amount of oil is exported to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba for refining. Maracaibo Maracaibo
, city (1990 pop. 1,249,670), capital of Zulia state, NW Venezuela, at the outlet of Lake Maracaibo. It is Venezuela's second largest city, a commercial and industrial center, and the oil capital of South America.
..... Click the link for more information. , Puerto Cabello Puerto Cabello
, city (1990 pop. 128,825), N Venezuela, a port on the Caribbean Sea. An important Venezuelan port, it ships meat, coffee, cacao, dyewoods, and copper ores. Near the city is one of Venezuela's most modern oil and chemical plants.
..... Click the link for more information. , La Guaira La Guaira
, city (1990 pop. 23,831), capital of Vargas state, N Venezuela, on the Caribbean Sea NW of Caracas. It is the principal international port of Venezuela; cacao, coffee, and tobacco are the chief exports. La Guaira is also a seaside resort. Founded in the 16th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Cumaná Cumaná
, city (1990 pop. 212,432), capital of Sucre state, NE Venezuela, on the Manzanares River near its mouth on the Gulf of Cariaco, an inlet on the Caribbean Sea. Exports include coffee, tobacco, cacao, sugar, fruit, and beans.
..... Click the link for more information. are the important ports.
The government has used oil revenues to stimulate manufacturing industries. Food processing, automobile assembly, and the manufacture of construction materials, textiles, steel, and aluminum have become well established. Heavy-metalworks have been built on the Orinoco near Ciudad Guayana. Venezuela also uses its rivers to great advantage as sources of hydroelectric power. Despite government reform programs, Venezuela's wealth remains in the hands of a small minority. A disproportionately high percentage of the population lives in poverty; after the end of the oil boom in the early 1980s, the percentage of poor Venezuelans increased dramatically, from 28% to 68% in 2003. Many cities have squalid shanty towns, and in the countryside many people are still tenant farmers.
Under President Hugo Chávez, the government has held down the price of staples with price controls (since 2003; other items were added in 2011), and has increased state control over and participation in the economy generally. The government has also emphasized the use of microloans to develop small businesses and the formation of cooperatives in an attempt to improve the lives of poorer Venezuelans, has seized factories, farmland, and other assets it has determined to be "unproductive," and has forced multinational oil companies to cede a controlling stake in their Venezuelan ventures to the government. Beginning in late 2005, price pressures on wholesalers and other middlemen due to inflation and price controls led to shortages of many staples in retail stores. In Aug., 2008, the government raised prices significantly on many staples and ended price controls on others in an attempt to end food shortages. Meanwhile, oil production has decreased as the government has diverted money from the development and maintenance of the oil industry in order to fund social programs.
Government
Venezuela is governed under the constitution of 1999 as amended. The president, who is both the head of state and the head of government, is popularly elected for a six-year term and is not subject to term limits. Members of the 167-seat unicameral National Assembly are elected for five-year terms. Administratively, Venezuela consists of 23 states, a federal district, of which Caracas is a part, and a federal dependency, which includes 11 island groups.
History
Early History and the Colonial Era
The Arawaks and the Caribs were the earliest inhabitants of Venezuela, along with certain nomadic hunting and fishing tribes. Columbus discovered the mouths of the Orinoco in 1498. In 1499 the Venezuelan coast was explored by Alonso de Ojeda Ojeda, Alonso de
, c.1466–1515?, Spanish conquistador. He joined Columbus on his second voyage and in 1499—at first accompanied by Vespucci—explored the northeastern coast of South America. In 1508 he was made governor of territories of N South America.
..... Click the link for more information. and Amerigo Vespucci Vespucci, Amerigo
, 1454–1512, Italian navigator in whose honor America was named, b. Florence. He entered the commercial service of the Medici and in 1492 moved to Seville.
..... Click the link for more information. . The latter, coming upon an island off the Paraguaná peninsula (probably Aruba), nicknamed it Venezuela (little Venice) because of native villages built above the water on stilts; the name held and was soon applied to the mainland. Spanish settlements were established on the coast at Cumaná (1520) and Santa Ana de Coro Santa Ana de Coro
or Coro
, city (1990 pop. 124,506), capital of Falcón state, NW Venezuela, 7 mi (11.3 km) from the Caribbean Sea, and at the base of the Paraguaná peninsula.
..... Click the link for more information. (1527).
The major task of the conquest was accomplished by German adventurers—Ambrosio de Alfinger, George de Speyer and especially Nikolaus Federmann Federmann, Nikolaus
, 1501–42, German adventurer in Venezuela and Colombia. In the service of the Welser brothers, Augsburg bankers to whom Charles V had granted rights in Venezuela, Federmann first landed at Santa Ana de Coro in 1530.
..... Click the link for more information. —in the service of the Welsers, German bankers who had obtained rights in Venezuela from Emperor Charles V. During part of the colonial period the area was an adjunct of New Granada New Granada
, former Spanish colony, N South America. It included at its greatest extent present Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. Between 1499 and 1510 a host of conquerors explored the Caribbean coast of Panama and South America.
..... Click the link for more information. . Cocoa cultivation was the mainstay of the colonial economy. From the 16th to the 18th cent. the coastline was attacked by English buccaneers, and in the 18th cent. there was a brisk smuggling trade with the British islands of the West Indies.
Independence and Civil Strife
In 1795 there was an uprising against Spanish control, but it was only after Napoleon had taken control of Spain that a real revolution began (1810) in Venezuela, under Francisco de Miranda Miranda, Francisco de
, 1750–1816, Venezuelan revolutionist and adventurer. A hero of the struggle for independence from Spain, he is sometimes called the Precursor to distinguish him from Simón Bolívar, who completed the task of liberation.
..... Click the link for more information. . In 1811 complete independence was declared, but the revolution soon encountered difficulties. An earthquake in 1812 destroyed cities held by the patriots and helped to forward the cause of the royalists. Later, however, Simón Bolívar Bolívar, Simón
, 1783–1830, South American revolutionary who led independence wars in the present nations of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
..... Click the link for more information. (born in Venezuela) and his lieutenants, working from Colombia, were able to liberate Venezuela despite setbacks administered by the royalist commander, Pablo Morillo Morillo, Pablo
, 1778–1837, Spanish general. Sent in 1815 to put down the revolution in New Granada, he captured Cartagena, quelled (1816) the insurrection in Bogotá, and then marched into present-day Venezuela. His military occupations were ruthless and bloody.
..... Click the link for more information. . The victory of Carabobo (1821) secured independence from Spain.
Venezuela and other territories became part of the federal republic of Greater Colombia. Almost from the beginning, however, Venezuela was restive. José Antonio Páez Páez, José Antonio
, 1790–1873, Venezuelan revolutionist, president, and caudillo. He boldly led (1810–19) a band of llaneros [plainsmen] in skillful guerrilla warfare against the Spanish, aided Simón Bolívar at the battle of
..... Click the link for more information. , who had conquered the last Spanish garrison at Puerto Cabello in 1823, favored independence. He was a caudillo with a strong following among the hardy cattlemen, the llaneros. In 1830 the separatists gained the upper hand, and Venezuela became an independent state. Páez was the leading figure. Although conservative and liberal parties appeared, the actual control of Venezuela was held mainly by caudillos from the landholding class. After Páez, José Tadeo Monagas Monagas, José Tadeo
, 1784–1868, Venezuelan political leader. He fought under Bolívar in the revolt against Spain. Chosen by José Antonio Páez as president in 1847, he set up a compromise administration.
..... Click the link for more information. and his brother entrenched (1846) themselves in power, but not before a bitter struggle was waged to prevent the refractory Páez from keeping a large measure of political control.
The Monagas brothers were overthrown in 1858, and civil war among caudillos became chronic. A brief liberal regime under Juan Falcón created the decentralized United States of Venezuela in 1864. From 1870 to 1888, Guzmán Blanco Guzmán Blanco, Antonio
, 1829–99, president of Venezuela, a caudillo who dominated the nation from 1870 to 1888. Son of the founder of the Liberal party, Guzmán Blanco was a magnetic and energetic figure with considerable diplomatic and administrative ability.
..... Click the link for more information. dominated Venezuela. He improved education, communications, and finances, crushed the church, and enriched himself. He was overthrown in 1888, but dictatorship was resumed four years later under Joaquín Crespo Crespo, Joaquín
, 1841?–1898, president of Venezuela (1884–86, 1894–98). He served his first term under the dominance of Antonio Guzmán Blanco. In 1892 he led a revolt and established a military dictatorship.
..... Click the link for more information. . During Crespo's regime began the Venezuela Boundary Dispute Venezuela Boundary Dispute,
diplomatic controversy, notable for the tension caused between Great Britain and the United States during much of the 19th cent. Of long standing, the dispute concerned the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana (now Guyana); the Venezuelan
..... Click the link for more information. with Great Britain over the border with British Guiana (now Guyana). Cipriano Castro Castro, Cipriano
, 1858?–1924, president of Venezuela (1901–8). In 1899 he usurped the government, overthrowing Andrade. Called the Lion of the Andes by his followers, he was a stern and arbitrary caudillo, who nevertheless improved the country's economy.
..... Click the link for more information. , a new dictator, came to power in 1899. The financial corruption and incompetence of his administration helped to bring on a new international incident, that of the Venezuela Claims Venezuela Claims.
In 1902, due to civil strife and to gross mismanagement during the administration of Cipriano Castro, Venezuelan finances were chaotic. Great Britain, Germany, and Italy were determined to seek redress for unpaid loans and sent a joint naval expedition to the
..... Click the link for more information. .
The year 1908 marked the beginning of the rule of one of the longest-lasting of all Latin American dictators, Juan Vicente Gómez Gómez, Juan Vicente
, 1857–1935, caudillo of Venezuela (1908–35). Of indigenous and white parentage, Gómez was born on a ranch in the Western Andes and grew up a nearly illiterate cattle herder.
..... Click the link for more information. , who stayed in power until his death in 1935. His regime was one of total and absolute tyranny, although he did force the state (with the help of foreign oil concessions) into national solvency and material prosperity. His death was followed by popular celebration. Eleazar López Contreras became president (1935–41) and increased Venezuela's share of the oil companies' profits; under his legally elected successor, Isaías Medina Angarita, Venezuela sympathized with the Allies and finally entered World War II on the Allied side in 1945.
Late-20th-Century Venezuela
Later in 1945 a military junta committed to democracy and social reform gained control of the government, which was then headed by Rómulo Betancourt Betancourt, Rómulo
, 1908–81, Venezuelan political leader, president of Venezuela (1945–48, 1959–64). Following a stormy career as a leader of radical student groups, he founded (1935) the Oganización Venezolana,
..... Click the link for more information. of the Democratic Action party. A new constitution promulgated in 1947 provided, for the first time in Venezuelan history, for the election of a president by direct popular vote. The first president elected under the new constitution was the eminent novelist Rómulo Gallegos Gallegos, Rómulo
, 1884–1969, Venezuelan novelist and statesman. Gallegos lived in Spain in voluntary exile from the Venezuelan dictatorship from 1931 until 1935. He returned to his country and was appointed minister of education, being elected president in 1948.
..... Click the link for more information. . His administration, however, was short-lived.
A military coup in Nov., 1948, overthrew the Gallegos government, and a repressive military dictatorship was established. By 1952, Col. Marcos Pérez Jiménez had become dictator, and he made wide use of police state techniques. A popular revolt, supported by liberal units of the armed forces, broke out early in 1958; Pérez Jiménez fled. Elections held that year restored democratic rule to Venezuela. Rómulo Betancourt adopted a moderate program of gradual economic reform and maintained friendly relations with the United States despite the association of U.S. interests with Pérez Jiménez. A new constitution (1961) was adopted.
The country, long out of debt because of the oil revenues, reached a peak of prosperity, but the new administration was nevertheless gravely challenged. Left-wing groups, particularly the Communists, bitterly opposed the administration, and their activities, combined with the restiveness of the poorer classes and the dissidence of leftist elements in the military, led to numerous uprisings. Extreme right-wing elements also plotted against the Betancourt regime. Betancourt was succeeded in 1964 by Raúl Leoni. In 1968 the Social Christian party came to power when Rafael Caldera Rodríguez won a close presidential election. The boundary dispute with Guyana flared up again in the 1960s, with Venezuela laying claim to some 60% of Guyana's territory.
The 1973 presidential election was won by Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez of the Democratic Action party. That same year Venezuela joined the Andean Group (later the Andean Community), an economic association of Latin American nations. In 1976, Venezuela nationalized its foreign-owned oil and iron companies. Luis Herrera Campíns Herrera Campíns, Luis
, 1925–2007, Venezuelan politician and president (1979–84). A lawyer and journalist, he was a founder of the moderate Social Christian (COPEI) party.
..... Click the link for more information. replaced Pérez in 1978. A decrease in world oil prices during the early 1980s shocked the Venezuelan economy and massively increased Venezuela's foreign debt.
Democratic Action candidate Jaime Lusinchi defeated Campíns in 1983. He renegotiated the national debt and introduced austerity budgets and cuts in social services, but inflation and unemployment continued to plague the country. Pérez was returned to office in 1989 amid demonstrations and riots sparked by deteriorating social conditions. In 1992 Pérez survived two attempted military coups, but the following year he was removed from office on corruption charges; he was later convicted and sentenced to jail for misuse of a secret security fund. In 1994 Rafael Caldera Rodríguez again became president, this time under the banner of the National Convergence party. He unveiled austerity measures in 1996 and privatized some state-run companies.
The Chávez Era
Venezuela's economy sagged and its budget deficit grew as oil prices fell again in the late 1990s. Relations with Colombia, long strained over control of offshore oil reserves and the illegal movement of many Colombians into Venezuela to work, deteriorated in the 1990s as Venezuela claimed that Colombian guerrillas were trafficking drugs and arms across the border. In 1999, Hugo Chávez Frías Chávez Frías, Hugo Rafael
, 1954–2013, Venezuelan political leader, president of Venezuela (1999–2013). Raised in poverty, he was educated at the Military Academy of Venezuela (grad. 1975).
..... Click the link for more information. , a former army colonel who had participated in a failed coup attempt against Pérez, became president after running as an independent. He called for a halt to privatization of state assets and approved a law enabling him to rule by decree in economic matters for six months. He also cut Venezuela's oil production to force up prices, and pushed for other OPEC members to do the same.
A referendum in Apr., 1999, called for a national constituent assembly to draft a new constitution; the assembly was elected in July and convened a month later. The assembly and Chávez engaged in a contest for power with the congress and judiciary; the assembly declared a national emergency and stripped the congress of its powers. A constitution establishing a strong president with a six-year term in office and the ability to run for immediate reelection and a unicameral National Assembly was approved in referendum in December; the new constitution also reduced civilian control of the military and increased the government's control of the economy. In the same month Venezuela experienced its worst natural disaster of the century, as torrential rains caused huge, devastating mudslides along the Caribbean coast; perhaps as many as 5,000 people were killed.
The disaster slowed plans for new elections, but the congress was replaced with a 21-member interim council. In July, 2000, Chávez won election to the presidency under the new constitution; his coalition, the Political Pole, won 99 of the 165 seats in the assembly, short of the two-thirds majority needed to rule without constraints. Chávez won approval from the assembly to legislate by decree, and won passage of a Dec., 2000, referendum that ousted Venezuela's labor leaders, a move denounced by the International Labor Organization. Chávez also revived the dormant boundary dispute with Guyana, declaring that a satellite-launching facility being built by an American company in the territory claimed by Venezuela was a cover for a U.S. military presence.
In 2001, Chávez became somewhat more unpopular with the increasingly polarized Venezuelan people, although he still retained significant support among the lower classes. His attempts to assert control over the state oil company led to strikes and demonstrations in early 2002, and in April he was briefly ousted in a coup attempt. Latin American nations refused, however, to recognize a self-proclaimed interim government under business executive Pedro Carmona Estanga, and poorer Venezuelans mounted counter-demonstrations in his support. Chávez was restored to office and called for reconciliation; a subsequent cabinet shakeup gave his government a less ideological cast.
The ongoing political turmoil, which led to a prolonged, polarizing antigovernment strike in the vital oil industry (Dec., 2002–Feb., 2003), sent the country into recession and reduced oil exports. Although Chávez outlasted his striking opponents, the crisis further eroded public support for his government. An agreement between the two sides, negotiated by the Organization of American States in May, 2003, called for an end to violence and a referendum on Chávez's presidency later in the year. An opposition petition calling for a referendum on Chávez was rejected in September, however, because of procedural errors.
A new petition for a recall referendum was presented in December, but so many of the signatures were rejected by the electoral commission that the petition was unsuccessful. Negotiations ultimately led to a compromise in which the opposition was allowed three days in May, 2004, to reaffirm disputed signatures, and the petition was validated. Also in May, a number of civilians and military officers were arrested on charges of plotting a coup against Chávez. In the referendum, held in August, 58% voted to retain Chávez, and despite opposition denunciations of the result, foreign observers strongly endorsed it. Several opposition leaders were later charged (July, 2005) with conspiring to undermine Venezuela's government because their organization, Súmate, which played a major role in the petition drive, had received U.S. funds that were alleged to have been used to fund the referendum effort.
In Jan., 2005, the president signed a decree establishing a national land commission that would begin the process of breaking up the country's large estates and redistributing the land. During the same month relations with Colombia were tense after a Colombian rebel in Venezuela was kidnapped (Dec., 2004) by bounty hunters and turned over to Colombia authorities, but the dispute was resolved by the time both nations' presidents met in Caracas in February. National assembly elections in Dec., 2005, resulted in a sweep for parties supporting the president, but only a quarter of the electorate voted. Most opposition candidates withdrew from the contest before the vote in protest against what they said were biases and flaws in the electoral process, ceding complete control of the legislature to Chávez.
Chávez used Venezuela's increased oil revenues to fund social programs, to create a large military reserve and expanded militia, and to establish programs designed to reduce the effects of high energy prices on Caribbean nations. Chávez also publicly accused the United States of planning an invasion to overthrow him, while U.S. officials accused him of supporting antidemocratic forces in Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador. His public support, in 2006, for one candidate in the Peruvian presidential race and criticisms of the ultimate winner, Alan García García Pérez, Alan Gabriel Ludwig,
1949–, Peruvian political leader, president of Peru (1985–90, 2006–11). A lawyer and member of APRA, García is a charismatic speaker who rose rapidly in Peruvian politics.
..... Click the link for more information. , led Peru to recall its ambassador. Venezuela was admitted to full membership in Mercosur Mercosur
or Mercosul,
officially the Common Market of the South, Latin American trade organization established in 1991 to increase economic cooperation among the countries of E South America.
..... Click the link for more information. in mid-2006 (ratifed in 2012); at the same time it withdrew from the Andean Community, whose members included Peru and Colombia.
Chávez was handily reelected in Dec., 2006, benefiting from an economic boom due to high petroleum prices and from the social programs he had instituted for the poor, but the strong win masked the continuing polarization of Venezuelan society along class lines, with the poorer classes overwhelmingly favoring the president. At the same time, however, inflation was increasing, and it continued to grow thoughout 2007 and 2008. Proclaiming "socialism or death" at his inauguration (Jan., 2007), Chávez moved to nationalize all energy and power companies and the country's largest telecommunications firm. He also moved to consolidate some two dozen parties supporting him into a unified socialist party, which was only partially successful, and secured the right to rule by decree for 18 months. Chávez subsequently won passage of constitutional amendments that would have ended presidential term limits, increased the length of the president's term, and enhanced the president's powers generally, but the changes failed (Dec., 2007) to win the voters' approval.
After a Colombian raid (Mar., 2008) against rebels based in Ecuador there were several days of tensions between Colombia and neighboring Ecuador and Venezuela, who mobilized forces to their borders. Colombia said computer files seized in the raid had evidence of ties between the rebels and Chávez's government. Though Venezuela denied that, Chávez, who had succeeded in winning the release of several hostages held by the rebels, expressed public sympathy for the Colombian rebel leader killed in the raid. (The head of the Organization of American States said the following month that no government had presented it with evidence of ties between Venezuela and any terrorist group.) From mid-2009 relations with Colombia were again strained by Colombian accusations of Venezuela support for Colombian rebels, prompted in part by the capture from the rebels of weapons purchased by Venezuela from Sweden; Venezuela alleged that Colombia's allowing U.S. forces to use Colombian bases against drug traffickers was a belligerent move by the United States. In Nov., 2009, Chávez ordered 15,000 troops to the Colombian border; the following month he accused the United States of violating Venezuelan airspace from the Netherlands Antilles, where U.S. antidrug operations are based.
In Apr., 2008, Chávez ordered the nationalization of the cement industry and of Venezuela's largest steelmaker; additional companies and industries, perhaps most notably financial institutions, were nationalized into 2010. As his right to rule by decree expired at the end of July, 2008, Chávez signed a number of decrees that mirrored many of the constitutional amendments that voters had rejected at the end of 2007, and in Jan., 2009, he secured legislative passage of a constitutional amendment that would end term limits for all elected officials. A referendum approved the amendment in Feb., 2009.
Meanwhile, in Nov., 2008, Chávez's allies again won a majority of the posts in local and regional elections, but the opposition increased the number of posts it held and won the Caracas mayorlty. Subsequent government moves stripped significant powers from posts that opposition candidates won, further concentrating power in central government hands, and the government launched corruption investigations or other cases against a number of leading opposition figures and critics. By late 2009, drought and increasing energy demands had led to such low water levels behind the Guri Dam (which supplies about a third of the country's electricity) that industrial cutbacks and other rationing measures, including rolling blackouts in 2010, were instituted. In Feb., 2010, the government declared an electricity emergency and imposed stricter rationing.
The National Assembly elections in September were won by Chávez's party, but the opposition, which did not boycott the elections, made significant gains, winning 47% of the vote and nearly 40% of the seats and denying the ruling party a constitutionally significant two-thirds majority. In Dec., 2010, there was significant flooding in states along the central and W Caribbean coast, and flood recovery and reconstruction was the pretext for Chávez's seeking legislation to rule by decree. Decried by his critics as an attempt to circumvent the incoming National Assembly, the law gave him decree powers for 18 months in many areas, such as banking and defense, not related to reconstruction. In Mar., 2011, the government adopted rules authorizing the military to arm the nation's militias, a progovernment force made up of militant Chávez supporters; they had previously not been issued firearms.
Chávez was again reelected in Oct., 2012, after having been treated for cancer and declaring himself fully recovered; his margin of victory was much less than in 2006. Subsequently, however, the president was again treated for cancer. This time, complications kept him in a Cuban hospital and led to the postponing of his Jan., 2013, inauguration. In Dec., 2012, Chávez's party made gains in the governors elections. Chávez died in Mar., 2013, after returning to Venezuela; Nicolás Maduro Moros Maduro Moros, Nicolás,
1962–, Venezuelan trade union and political leader. He was trained as a union organizer in Cuba, and later became a leader in an unofficial transit union while working as a bus driver.
..... Click the link for more information. , his vice president, became interim president.
In the April presidential election Maduro was elected, but he only narrowly defeated opposition candidate Henrique Capriles Radonski, a state governor who had lost to Chávez in 2012 by more than 10%. Capriles called for a recount, but a more limited audit was conducted. There was some postelection violence, and Maduro accused Capriles of attempting a coup. In June, 2013, the Venezuela government said it had foiled a Colombian-based attempt to assassinate Maduro. Maduro had previously accused former Colombian president Uribe of plotting to kill him, and his subsequent tenure was marked by recurring charges of assassination plots by various opponents.
A couple significant power blackouts affected Venezuela's electrical grid in late 2013. The government blamed the blackouts on sabotage, and in October expelled several U.S. diplomats it accused of being involved in one blackout, but no concrete evidence of sabotage was presented by the government. Maduro received the power to rule by decree for 12 months in November, which he said was necessary to fight corruption and regulate the economy; inflation rate meanwhile increased to above 50% in 2013 despite government price controls and remained high during 2014, when the country entered a recession. The country also suffered economically from the 2014 oil price collapse, and its economic troubles continued into 2015.
Antigovernment demonstrations surged beginning in Feb., 2014, after students protested alleged police indifference to an attempted sexual assault; weeks of protests were marked by clashes with security forces and attacks by armed militants loyal to government. A number of opposition leaders, mainly from more hardline groups, were arrested in February and March, and three air force generals were arrested in March on charges of plotting an uprising. Denunciations of opposition plots against the president and arrests and charges against political opponents continued into 2015. Maduro also faced criticism beginning in 2014 from prominent leftists who had been supporters of Chávez.
After the United States imposed sanctions against Venezuelan officials for alleged human-rights violations in early 2015, Maduro sought and was given the power to govern by decree during 2015. He subsequently revived the boundary dispute with Guyana, over oil exploration offshore of Guyanaese territory. A Venezuelan crackdown against Colombian migrants and smugglers in Aug.–Sept., 2015, led thousands to flee to Colombia and created tense relations between the two nations. The opposition won the National Assembly elections of Dec., 2015, in a landslide, narrowly winning a two-thirds majority, but a handful of its victories were subsequently challenged in court by the ruling party. The Maduro government subsequently packed the supreme court with sympathetic judges and limited the National Assembly's powers over the central bank; the court subsequently aligned itself with Maduro in disputes with the National Assembly.
In Jan., 2016, Maduro declared an economic emergency, allowing him to rule by edict for two months; it was extended in March and again in May, when he also declared a "state of exception," greatly increasing his powers. None of the decrees were approved by the assembly, but they were nonetheless allowed by the court. The opposition continued with its attempts to recall the president as economic conditions in the country further deteriorated, leading to widespread food shortages and looting of food markets. There were also electricity shortfalls for several months in the first half of 2016, linked (as in 2009) to issues with the Guri Dam.
Bibliography
See I. Rouse and J. M. Cruxent, Venezuelan Archaeology (1963); G. Morón, A History of Venezuela (tr. 1964); W. J. Burggraaff, The Venezuelan Armed Forces in Politics, 1935–1959 (1972); J. D. Martz and D. J. Meyers, ed., Venezuela: The Democratic Experience (1986); J. de Oviedo y Baños, The Conquest and Settlement of Venezuela (1988); T. E. Batalla, ed., Reform of the Venezuelan Fiscal System (1989).
Venezuela
| i don't know |
October 2nd. is International Day of Non-Violence and celebrates the birth of which man in 1869? | Gandhi Jayanti : 2nd October - Gandhiji�s Birthday
Also Called: 2nd October
Celebrations: Community, Historical celebration
Gandhi Jayanti is a national holiday in India celebrated on 2nd October. This day is celebrated in the honor of the birthday of the Father of the nation, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi or Bapuji. Internationally this day is celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence as Gandhiji was the preacher of non-violence. He is a symbol of peace and truth.
Gandhiji was born on 2nd October 1869, in Porbunder, a small town in Gujarat. He studied law in U.K and practiced law in South Africa. In his autobiography "My experiments with Truth" Gandhiji described his childhood and teen age years, his marriage with Kasturba at the age of 13 and a sheer dedication for his mother land. He has set an example of simple living and high thinking. He was against the addictions like smoking, drinking and non-vegetarianism.
Gandhiji was a pioneer of truth and non-violence. He started the 'Satyagraha' (non-violence) movement for the Indian freedom struggle. He played a very significant role in achieving independence for India from British rule. He proved to the world that freedom can be achieved through the path of total non-violence.
All the organizations throughout the country remain closed on this day. Special event is organized at Raj Ghat, New Delhi where Gandhiji was cremated. People do prayers, pay homage and sing Gandhiji's favorite song "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram, Patit Pavan Sita Ram...".
"Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever."
Gandhi Jayanti Observances
| Mahatma Gandhi |
Of which European country was Jacques Santer the Prime Minister from 1984 to 1995? | Gandhi Jayanti 2016 special quotes images wallpapers
Subscribe to Blog via Email
Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.
Email Address
Today is the birthday ( #Gandhijayanti ) of great freedom fighter from India Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. In Indian freedom from British, he plays a lead role.2 October celebrate as a Gandhi Jayanti in India and on this day PM & President of India tribute to Mahatma Gandhi.This day tributes all over India & a special event celebrate this day at Raj Ghat, Gandhi’s memorial in New Delhi.Gandhi Ji called as a “Father of Nation” in India.Not only India the United Nations General Assembly also announced that 2 October will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence.This is declared on 15 June 2007 & all over the world this day celebrate as International Non-Violence Day.
Gandhi ji birthday was on:
Birthday date:2 October 1869.
Birth place: Porbandar, Kathiawar Agency, India
Gandhi Ji during freedom movements
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
[quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.
[/quote]
[quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
Live as if you were to die tomorrow; learn as if you were to live forever.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
Nobody can hurt me without my permission.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
A man is but the product of his thoughts; what he thinks, he becomes.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
When I admire the wonders of a sunset or the beauty of the moon, my soul expands in the worship of the creator.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
You must be the change you wish to see in the world.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
Where there is love there is life.
[/quote][quote style=”1″ author=”Mahatma Gandhi”]
There is more to life than increasing its speed.
[/quote]
| i don't know |
Which country will become the twenty eighth member of the EU in July 2013? | Project MUSE - Croatian Foreign Policy in the Context of European Union Membership
Croatian Foreign Policy in the Context of European Union Membership
Vesna Pusić (bio)
Abstract
In this essay, Croatia’s minister of foreign and European affairs outlines Croatia’s foreign policy directions as a member of the European Union. Mutual benefits to the EU and Croatia of the latter’s membership are outlined, with particular reference to issues in southeastern Europe and with countries along the southern Mediterranean shoreline. The membership process itself is described as a driver in the development of Croatia’s foreign relations.
Croatian citizens voted “yes” for Croatian membership in the European Union on the referendum held on 22 January 2012. Following the ratification of the Accession Treaty in all member states, Croatia will become the twenty-eighth member state on 31 July 2013; it thus will get the chance to be an active creator of EU policies.
Spanning the entire decade, the process of Croatia’s EU accession may have been long and, at times, challenging. However, the resulting benefits for our society are invaluable. The perspective of membership was a strong driving force that accelerated Croatia on its road toward numerous reforms in the past years. The reforms implemented as part of the harmonization with the acquis communautaire have led to better and more advanced institutions, guaranteeing Croatian citizens higher standards of living.
Croatia’s EU membership is, therefore, the logical follow-up to the overall political, institutional, and economic transformation of the country. EU integration was for Croatia, in fact, a process of state building.
Through this process we were guided by common EU values — freedom, solidarity, justice and the rule of law, and equal chances for success and happiness, to name just a few. This set of values induces an ongoing process, constantly pushing the institutional development forward. None of the EU member states has reached the desired level of development; therefore, Croatia is completely equal to other members in its efforts to build society on common EU values. [End Page 1]
Considering the country’s geographical size, geopolitical position, and the fact of EU membership, Croatian foreign and domestic policies are closely related. Croatia’s role in stabilizing the region of southeastern Europe, primarily by transferring know-how and EU reforms, is its main added value in the EU institutions. Therefore, two main, interrelated pillars of Croatian foreign policy in this term are positioning within EU institutions and positioning within the region. The foundation for Croatia’s positioning within the EU is its role in transferring this experience and EU reforms’ know-how to the countries of the region, based on an individual approach. The EU is in the process of stabilization and state building for the entire region of southeastern Europe. By assuming a crucial role in stabilizing southeastern Europe, Croatia will perform an important task, both regional and European. This position makes the region an added value for Croatia in the EU and vice versa. However, know-how from European reforms is suitable for institution building in any country, while holding particular benefits for postconflict societies. Therefore, this know-how could prove to be a valuable tool for institution building in the countries of the southern Mediterranean. By developing partnerships with those countries aimed at a transfer of EU know-how, Croatia can make an important contribution to the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy.
The third pillar of Croatian foreign policy is cooperation with the United States and, basically, has two dimensions: partnership for the foundation of a regional center for Euro-Atlantic integration, and cooperation within NATO, with special emphasis on civil initiatives in NATO peacekeeping missions.
Another important aspect of Croatian foreign policy is economic diplomacy, which, naturally, requires a successful economy. Therefore, one of the priorities of the Croatian government is economic growth and setting the environment for a positive investment climate. Croatia’s activity in multilateral organizations will be focused on civil initiatives for institution building and protection of human rights in postconflict societies. Special attention will be paid to rights (especially education) of women and girls, rights of ethnic and religious minorities, and LGBT rights.
With the completion of EU integration process, Croatia opens a new chapter [End Page 2] of its progress. For the first time since the declaration of independence, we have the chance to lead an actual multigoal foreign policy. Many opportunities are arising; it is up to us to embrace them by assuming a self-reliant, responsible, and constructive approach in the EU and the region, while at the same time building our international role in the promotion and protection of human rights, both in domestic and foreign affairs. [End Page 3]
| Croatia |
As what, was the Democratic Republic of Congo known until July 1997? | Announcement #5: Conference on Croatia’s accession to the EU in Stockholm (11 October 2013) | EU Constitutional Law | Örebro universitet
Announcement #5: Conference on Croatia’s accession to the EU in Stockholm (11 October 2013)
Posted on September 10, 2013 by eulaworebro
On 1 July 2013 the European Union welcomed the Republic of Croatia as its twenty-eighth Member State. Croatia’s accession represents an important step in completing the construction of the EU, but also a touch stone for the Union’s enlargement policy. On the one hand, it proves the transformative power of EU enlargement policy: Croatia, a country torn by the devastating Balkan conflicts of the 1990s, has become a stable democracy able to take on the obligations of EU membership within a short timespan of two decades. On the other hand, this accession and, in particular, the signing of the Accession Treaty, has coincided with the ‘Euro-crisis’ and the enactment of the Fiscal Compact Treaty.
Bearing this in mind, does Croatia’s accession confirm the integration project or does its ‘bad timing’ send a warning message to other ‘would-be-members’? Is it an evidence of the credibility of EU enlargement policy and demonstration of the still-existing strong beliefs in the European Union? Or can it have a dissuading effect on prospective members in the Western Balkans?
This conference will take a closer look at the accession process in general, and at Croatia’s accession negotiations and the legal character of the Seventh Accession Treaty, in particular. The conference will also discuss the implications of this last accession for the future rounds of EU enlargement and, especially for the Western Balkans countries.
PROGRAMME
13.00 Welcome and Introduction
ANTONINA BAKARDJIEVA ENGELBREKT, Professor of European Law at Stockholm University and Director of the Institute of European Law
13.10 Opening address
DOMAGOJ ROGULJ, Chargé d’affaires a.i at the Embassy of the Republic of Croatia in Stockholm
I. ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA TO THE EU
13.20 Commentary on the Treaty of Accession of the Republic of Croatia
ADAM LAZOWSKI, Reader in Law at the School of Law, University of Westminster
13.40 Croatia’s EU accession negotiations
MIRNA VLASIC FEKETIJA, Coordinator of the Centre of Excellence at the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Republic of Croatia and former Secretary of the Government Coordination Committee for EU accession negotiations
14.00 Sweden and Croatia in the European Union – what challenges in the Justice and Home Affairs area?
ANNA-CARIN SVENSSON, Director-General for International Affairs, Swedish Ministry of Justice
14.20 Discussion
II. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE ACCESSION PROCESS
15.15 The pre-accession strategy – recent developments
CHRISTOPHE HILLION, Professor of European Law at Leiden University and Senior Researcher in Law at SIEPS
15.35 A credible accession process
OLA SVENNINGSSON, Deputy Director, Division of EU Enlargement, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm
15.55 Discussion
III. THE FUTURE ENLARGEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION?
16.15 A continuation of the accession process towards the Western Balkans
STEVEN BLOCKMANS, Senior Research Fellow and Head of the EU Foreign Policy Unit, Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels
16.35 The changing face of the EU enlargement: Macedonia’s accession prospects
JULIJA BRSAKOSKA BAZERKOSKA, Researcher and Lecturer at the Law Faculty, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje
16.55 Discussion
17.15 End of the day
All participants are invited for refreshments and snacks
Participation in the conference is free of charge. For registration please send an e-mail to Lovorka Jonic Kapnias at [email protected] by 8 October 2013.
Share this:
| i don't know |
Which Nobel Prize for Literature winning Indian, first called Gandhi 'Mahatma'? | Tagore and His India
Tagore and His India
by Amartya Sen *
Voice of Bengal
Rabindranath Tagore, who died in 1941 at the age of eighty, is a towering figure in the millennium-old literature of Bengal. Anyone who becomes familiar with this large and flourishing tradition will be impressed by the power of Tagore's presence in Bangladesh and in India. His poetry as well as his novels, short stories, and essays are very widely read, and the songs he composed reverberate around the eastern part of India and throughout Bangladesh.
In contrast, in the rest of the world, especially in Europe and America, the excitement that Tagore's writings created in the early years of the twentieth century has largely vanished. The enthusiasm with which his work was once greeted was quite remarkable. Gitanjali, a selection of his poetry for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, was published in English translation in London in March of that year, and had been reprinted ten times by November, when the award was announced. But he is not much read now in the West, and already by 1937, Graham Greene was able to say: "As for Rabindranath Tagore, I cannot believe that anyone but Mr. Yeats can still take his poems very seriously."
The Mystic
The contrast between Tagore's commanding presence in Bengali literature and culture, and his near-total eclipse in the rest of the world, is perhaps less interesting than the distinction between the view of Tagore as a deeply relevant and many-sided contemporary thinker in Bangladesh and India, and his image in the West as a repetitive and remote spiritualist. Graham Greene had, in fact, gone on to explain that he associated Tagore "with what Chesterton calls 'the bright pebbly eyes' of the Theosophists." Certainly, an air of mysticism played some part in the "selling" of Rabindranath Tagore to the West by Yeats, Ezra Pound, and his other early champions. Even Anna Akhmatova, one of Tagore's few later admirers (who translated his poems into Russian in the mid-1960s), talks of "that mighty flow of poetry which takes its strength from Hinduism as from the Ganges, and is called Rabindranath Tagore."
An air of mysticism.
Portrait by W. Rothenstein
Confluence of Cultures
Rabindranath did come from a Hindu family - one of the landed gentry who owned estates mostly in what is now Bangladesh. But whatever wisdom there might be in Akhmatova's invoking of Hinduism and the Ganges, it did not prevent the largely Muslim citizens of Bangladesh from having a deep sense of identity with Tagore and his ideas. Nor did it stop the newly independent Bangladesh from choosing one of Tagore's songs - the "Amar Sonar Bangla" which means "my golden Bengal" - as its national anthem. This must be very confusing to those who see the contemporary world as a "clash of civilizations" - with "the Muslim civilization," "the Hindu civilization," and "the Western civilization," each forcefully confronting the others. They would also be confused by Rabindranath Tagore's own description of his Bengali family as the product of "a confluence of three cultures: Hindu, Mohammedan, and British". 1
Rabindranath's grandfather, Dwarkanath, was well known for his command of Arabic and Persian, and Rabindranath grew up in a family atmosphere in which a deep knowledge of Sanskrit and ancient Hindu texts was combined with an understanding of Islamic traditions as well as Persian literature. It is not so much that Rabindranath tried to produce - or had an interest in producing - a "synthesis" of the different religions (as the great Moghul emperor Akbar tried hard to achieve) as that his outlook was persistently non-sectarian, and his writings - some two hundred books - show the influence of different parts of the Indian cultural background as well as of the rest of the world. 2
Abode of Peace
Most of his work was written at Santiniketan (Abode of Peace), the small town that grew around the school he founded in Bengal in 1901, and he not only conceived there an imaginative and innovative system of education, but through his writings and his influence on students and teachers, he was able to use the school as a base from which he could take a major part in India's social, political, and cultural movements.
The profoundly original writer, whose elegant prose and magical poetry Bengali readers know well, is not the sermonizing spiritual guru admired - and then rejected - in London. Tagore was not only an immensely versatile poet; he was also a great short story writer, novelist, playwright, essayist, and composer of songs, as well as a talented painter whose pictures, with their mixture of representation and abstraction, are only now beginning to receive the acclaim that they have long deserved. His essays, moreover, ranged over literature, politics, culture, social change, religious beliefs, philosophical analysis, international relations, and much else. The coincidence of the fiftieth anniversary of Indian independence with the publication of a selection of Tagore's letters by Cambridge University Press 3 , brought Tagore's ideas and reflections to the fore, which makes it important to examine what kind of leadership in thought and understanding he provided in the Indian subcontinent in the first half of this century.
Gandhi and Tagore
Since Rabindranath Tagore and Mohandas Gandhi were two leading Indian thinkers in the twentieth century, many commentators have tried to compare their ideas. On learning of Rabindranath's death, Jawaharlal Nehru, then incarcerated in a British jail in India, wrote in his prison diary for August 7, 1941:
"Gandhi and Tagore. Two types entirely different from each other, and yet both of them typical of India, both in the long line of India's great men ... It is not so much because of any single virtue but because of the tout ensemble, that I felt that among the world's great men today Gandhi and Tagore were supreme as human beings. What good fortune for me to have come into close contact with them."
Romain Rolland was fascinated by the contrast between them, and when he completed his book on Gandhi, he wrote to an Indian academic, in March 1923: "I have finished my Gandhi, in which I pay tribute to your two great river-like souls, overflowing with divine spirit, Tagore and Gandhi." The following month, he recorded in his diary an account of some of the differences between Gandhi and Tagore written by Reverend C.F. Andrews, the English clergyman and public activist who was a close friend of both men (and whose important role in Gandhi's life in South Africa as well as India is well portrayed in Richard Attenborough's film Gandhi [1982]). Andrews described to Rolland a discussion between Tagore and Gandhi, at which he was present, on subjects that divided them:
"The first subject of discussion was idols; Gandhi defended them, believing the masses incapable of raising themselves immediately to abstract ideas. Tagore cannot bear to see the people eternally treated as a child. Gandhi quoted the great things achieved in Europe by the flag as an idol; Tagore found it easy to object, but Gandhi held his ground, contrasting European flags bearing eagles, etc., with his own, on which he has put a spinning wheel. The second point of discussion was nationalism, which Gandhi defended. He said that one must go through nationalism to reach internationalism, in the same way that one must go through war to reach peace." 4
Tagore greatly admired Gandhi but he had many disagreements with him on a variety of subjects, including nationalism, patriotism, the importance of cultural exchange, the role of rationality and of science, and the nature of economic and social development. These differences, I shall argue, have a clear and consistent pattern, with Tagore pressing for more room for reasoning, and for a less traditionalist view, a greater interest in the rest of the world, and more respect for science and for objectivity generally.
Rabindranath knew that he could not have given India the political leadership that Gandhi provided, and he was never stingy in his praise for what Gandhi did for the nation (it was, in fact, Tagore who popularized the term "Mahatma" - great soul - as a description of Gandhi). And yet each remained deeply critical of many things that the other stood for. That Mahatma Gandhi has received incomparably more attention outside India and also within much of India itself makes it important to understand "Tagore's side" of the Gandhi-Tagore debates.
In his prison diary, Nehru wrote: "Perhaps it is as well that [Tagore] died now and did not see the many horrors that are likely to descend in increasing measure on the world and on India. He had seen enough and he was infinitely sad and unhappy." Toward the end of his life, Tagore was indeed becoming discouraged about the state of India, especially as its normal burden of problems, such as hunger and poverty, was being supplemented by politically organized incitement to "communal" violence between Hindus and Muslims. This conflict would lead in 1947, six years after Tagore's death, to the widespread killing that took place during partition; but there was much gore already during his declining days. In December 1939, he wrote to his friend Leonard Elmhirst, the English philanthropist and social reformer who had worked closely with him on rural reconstruction in India (and who had gone on to found the Dartington Hall Trust in England and a progressive school at Dartington that explicitly invoked Rabindranath's educational ideals): 5
"It does not need a defeatist to feel deeply anxious about the future of millions who, with all their innate culture and their peaceful traditions are being simultaneously subjected to hunger, disease, exploitations foreign and indigenous, and the seething discontents of communalism."
How would Tagore have viewed the India of today? Would he see progress there, or wasted opportunity, perhaps even a betrayal of its promise and conviction? And, on a wider subject, how would he react to the spread of cultural separatism in the contemporary world?
East and West
Given the vast range of his creative achievements, perhaps the most astonishing aspect of the image of Tagore in the West is its narrowness; he is recurrently viewed as "the great mystic from the East," an image with a putative message for the West, which some would welcome, others dislike, and still others find deeply boring. To a great extent this Tagore was the West's own creation, part of its tradition of message-seeking from the East, particularly from India, which - as Hegel put it - had "existed for millennia in the imagination of the Europeans." 6 Friedrich Schlegel, Schelling, Herder, and Schopenhauer were only a few of the thinkers who followed the same pattern. They theorized, at first, that India was the source of superior wisdom. Schopenhauer at one stage even argued that the New Testament "must somehow be of Indian origin: this is attested by its completely Indian ethics, which transforms morals into asceticism, its pessimism, and its avatar," in "the person of Christ." But then they rejected their own theories with great vehemence, sometimes blaming India for not living up to their unfounded expectations.
We can imagine that Rabindranath's physical appearance - handsome, bearded, dressed in non-Western clothes - may, to some extent, have encouraged his being seen as a carrier of exotic wisdom. Yasunari Kawabata , the first Japanese Nobel Laureate in Literature, treasured memories from his middle-school days of "this sage-like poet":
His white hair flowed softly down both sides of his forehead; the tufts of hair under the temples also were long like two beards, and linking up with the hair on his cheeks, continued into his beard, so that he gave an impression, to the boy I was then, of some ancient Oriental wizard. 7
That appearance would have been well-suited to the selling of Tagore in the West as a quintessentially mystical poet, and it could have made it somewhat easier to pigeonhole him. Commenting on Rabindranath's appearance, Frances Cornford told William Rothenstein, "I can now imagine a powerful and gentle Christ, which I never could before." Beatrice Webb, who did not like Tagore and resented what she took to be his "quite obvious dislike of all that the Webbs stand for" (there is, in fact, little evidence that Tagore had given much thought to this subject), said that he was "beautiful to look at" and that "his speech has the perfect intonation and slow chant-like moderation of the dramatic saint." Ezra Pound and W. B. Yeats, among others, first led the chorus of adoration in the Western appreciation of Tagore, and then soon moved to neglect and even shrill criticism. The contrast between Yeats's praise of his work in 1912 ("These lyrics ... display in their thought a world I have dreamed of all my life long," "the work of a supreme culture") and his denunciation in 1935 ("Damn Tagore") arose partly from the inability of Tagore's many-sided writings to fit into the narrow box in which Yeats wanted to place - and keep - him. Certainly, Tagore did write a huge amount, and published ceaselessly, even in English (sometimes in indifferent English translation), but Yeats was also bothered, it is clear, by the difficulty of fitting Tagore's later writings into the image Yeats had presented to the West. Tagore, he had said, was the product of "a whole people, a whole civilization, immeasurably strange to us," and yet "we have met our own image, ... or heard, perhaps for the first time in literature, our voice as in a dream." 8
Yeats did not totally reject his early admiration (as Ezra Pound and several others did), and he included some of Tagore's early poems in The Oxford Book of Modern Verse, which he edited in 1936. Yeats also had some favorable things to say about Tagore's prose writings. His censure of Tagore's later poems was reinforced by his dislike of Tagore's own English translations of his work ("Tagore does not know English, no Indian knows English," Yeats explained), unlike the English version of Gitanjali which Yeats had himself helped to prepare. Poetry is, of course, notoriously difficult to translate, and anyone who knows Tagore's poems in their original Bengali cannot feel satisfied with any of the translations (made with or without Yeats's help). Even the translations of his prose works suffer, to some extent, from distortion. E.M. Forster noted, in a review of a translation of one of Tagore's great Bengali novels, The Home and the World, in 1919: "The theme is so beautiful," but the charms have "vanished in translation," or perhaps "in an experiment that has not quite come off." 9
Tagore himself played a somewhat bemused part in the boom and bust of his English reputation. He accepted the extravagant praise with much surprise as well as pleasure, and then received denunciations with even greater surprise, and barely concealed pain. Tagore was sensitive to criticism, and was hurt by even the most far-fetched accusations, such as the charge that he was getting credit for the work of Yeats, who had "rewritten" Gitanjali. (This charge was made by a correspondent for The Times, Sir Valentine Chirol, whom E.M. Forster once described as "an old Anglo-Indian reactionary hack.") From time to time Tagore also protested the crudity of some of his overexcited advocates. He wrote to C.F. Andrews in 1920: "These people ... are like drunkards who are afraid of their lucid intervals."
God and Others
Yeats was not wrong to see a large religious element in Tagore's writings. He certainly had interesting and arresting things to say about life and death. Susan Owen, the mother of Wilfred Owen, wrote to Rabindranath in 1920, describing her last conversations with her son before he left for the war which would take his life. Wilfred said goodbye with "those wonderful words of yours - beginning at 'When I go from hence, let this be my parting word.'" When Wilfred's pocket notebook was returned to his mother, she found "these words written in his dear writing - with your name beneath."
The idea of a direct, joyful, and totally fearless relationship with God can be found in many of Tagore's religious writings, including the poems of Gitanjali. From India's diverse religious traditions he drew many ideas, both from ancient texts and from popular poetry. But "the bright pebbly eyes of the Theosophists" do not stare out of his verses. Despite the archaic language of the original translation of Gitanjali, which did not, I believe, help to preserve the simplicity of the original, its elementary humanity comes through more clearly than any complex and intense spirituality:
Leave this chanting and singing and telling of beads! Whom dost thou worship in this lonely dark corner of a temple with doors all shut?
Open thine eyes and see thy God is not before thee!
He is there where the tiller is tilling the hard ground and where the pathmaker is breaking stones.
He is with them in sun and in shower, and his garment is covered with dust.
An ambiguity about religious experience is central to many of Tagore's devotional poems, and makes them appeal to readers irrespective of their beliefs; but excessively detailed interpretation can ruinously strip away that ambiguity. 10 This applies particularly to his many poems which combine images of human love and those of pious devotion. Tagore writes:
I have no sleep to-night. Ever and again I open my door and look out on the darkness, my friend!
I can see nothing before me. I wonder where lies thy path!
By what dim shore of the ink-black river, by what far edge of the frowning forest, through what mazy depth of gloom, art thou threading thy course to come to see me, my friend?
I suppose it could be helpful to be told, as Yeats hastens to explain, that "the servant or the bride awaiting the master's home-coming in the empty house" is "among the images of the heart turning to God." But in Yeats's considerate attempt to make sure that the reader does not miss the "main point," something of the enigmatic beauty of the Bengali poem is lost - even what had survived the antiquated language of the English translation. Tagore certainly had strongly held religious beliefs (of an unusually nondenominational kind), but he was interested in a great many other things as well and had many different things to say about them.
Some of the ideas he tried to present were directly political, and they figure rather prominently in his letters and lectures. He had practical, plainly expressed views about nationalism, war and peace, cross-cultural education, freedom of the mind, the importance of rational criticism, the need for openness, and so on. His admirers in the West, however, were tuned to the more otherworldly themes which had been emphasized by his first Western patrons. People came to his public lectures in Europe and America, expecting ruminations on grand, transcendental themes; when they heard instead his views on the way public leaders should behave, there was some resentment, particularly (as E.P. Thompson reports) when he delivered political criticism "at $700 a scold."
An ambiguity about religious experience.
The Royal Library
Reasoning in Freedom
For Tagore it was of the highest importance that people be able to live, and reason, in freedom. His attitudes toward politics and culture, nationalism and internationalism, tradition and modernity, can all be seen in the light of this belief. 11 Nothing, perhaps, expresses his values as clearly as a poem in Gitanjali:
Where the mind is without fear
and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free;
Where the clear stream of reason
has not lost its way into the
dreary desert sand of dead habit; ...
Into that heaven of freedom,
my Father, let my country awake.
Rabindranath's qualified support for nationalist movements - and his opposition to the unfreedom of alien rule - came from this commitment. So did his reservations about patriotism, which, he argued, can limit both the freedom to engage ideas from outside "narrow domestic walls" and the freedom also to support the causes of people in other countries. Rabindranath's passion for freedom underlies his firm opposition to unreasoned traditionalism, which makes one a prisoner of the past (lost, as he put it, in "the dreary desert sand of dead habit").
Tagore illustrates the tyranny of the past in his amusing yet deeply serious parable "Kartar Bhoot" ("The Ghost of the Leader"). As the respected leader of an imaginary land is about to die, his panic-stricken followers request him to stay on after his death to instruct them on what to do. He consents. But his followers find their lives are full of rituals and constraints on everyday behavior and are not responsive to the world around them. Ultimately, they request the ghost of the leader to relieve them of his domination, when he informs them that he exists only in their minds.
Tagore's deep aversion to any commitment to the past that could not be modified by contemporary reason extended even to the alleged virtue of invariably keeping past promises. On one occasion when Mahatma Gandhi visited Tagore's school at Santiniketan, a young woman got him to sign her autograph book. Gandhi wrote: "Never make a promise in haste. Having once made it fulfill it at the cost of your life." When he saw this entry, Tagore became agitated. He wrote in the same book a short poem in Bengali to the effect that no one can be made "a prisoner forever with a chain of clay." He went on to conclude in English, possibly so that Gandhi could read it too, "Fling away your promise if it is found to be wrong." 12
Tagore and Gandhi, in Shantiniketan, 1940.
Shantiniketan Collections
Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mahatma Gandhi as a person and as a political leader, but he was also highly skeptical of Gandhi's form of nationalism and his conservative instincts regarding the country's past traditions. He never criticized Gandhi personally. In the 1938 essay, "Gandhi the Man," he wrote:
Great as he is as a politician, as an organizer, as a leader of men, as a moral reformer, he is greater than all these as a man, because none of these aspects and activities limits his humanity. They are rather inspired and sustained by it.
And yet there is a deep division between the two men. Tagore was explicit about his disagreement:
We who often glorify our tendency to ignore reason, installing in its place blind faith, valuing it as spiritual, are ever paying for its cost with the obscuration of our mind and destiny. I blamed Mahatmaji for exploiting this irrational force of credulity in our people, which might have had a quick result [in creating] a superstructure, while sapping the foundation. Thus began my estimate of Mahatmaji, as the guide of our nation, and it is fortunate for me that it did not end there.
But while it "did not end there," that difference of vision was a powerful divider. Tagore, for example, remained unconvinced of the merit of Gandhi's forceful advocacy that everyone should spin at home with the "charka," the primitive spinning wheel. For Gandhi this practice was an important part of India's self-realization. "The spinning-wheel gradually became," as his biographer B.R. Nanda writes, "the center of rural uplift in the Gandhian scheme of Indian economics." 13 Tagore found the alleged economic rationale for this scheme quite unrealistic. As Romain Rolland noted, Rabindranath "never tires of criticizing the charka." In this economic judgment, Tagore was probably right. Except for the rather small specialized market for high-quality spun cloth, it is hard to make economic sense of hand-spinning, even with wheels less primitive than Gandhi's charka. Hand-spinning as a widespread activity can survive only with the help of heavy government subsidies. 14 However, Gandhi's advocacy of the charka was not based only on economics. He wanted everyone to spin for "thirty minutes every day as a sacrifice," seeing this as a way for people who are better off to identify themselves with the less fortunate. He was impatient with Tagore's refusal to grasp this point:
The poet lives for the morrow, and would have us do likewise .... "Why should I, who have no need to work for food, spin?" may be the question asked. Because I am eating what does not belong to me. I am living on the spoliation of my countrymen. Trace the source of every coin that finds its way into your pocket, and you will realise the truth of what I write. Every one must spin. Let Tagore spin like the others. Let him burn his foreign clothes; that is the duty today. God will take care of the morrow. 15
If Tagore had missed something in Gandhi's argument, so did Gandhi miss the point of Tagore's main criticism. It was not only that the charka made little economic sense, but also, Tagore thought, that it was not the way to make people reflect on anything: "The charka does not require anyone to think; one simply turns the wheel of the antiquated invention endlessly, using the minimum of judgment and stamina."
Celibacy and Personal Life
Tagore and Gandhi's attitudes toward personal life were also quite different. Gandhi was keen on the virtues of celibacy, theorized about it, and, after some years of conjugal life, made a private commitment - publicly announced - to refrain from sleeping with his wife. Rabindranath's own attitude on this subject was very different, but he was gentle about their disagreements:
[Gandhiji] condemns sexual life as inconsistent with the moral progress of man, and has a horror of sex as great as that of the author of The Kreutzer Sonata, but, unlike Tolstoy, he betrays no abhorrence of the sex that tempts his kind. In fact, his tenderness for women is one of the noblest and most consistent traits of his character, and he counts among the women of his country some of his best and truest comrades in the great movement he is leading.
Tagore's personal life was, in many ways, an unhappy one. He married in 1883, lost his wife in 1902, and never remarried. He sought close companionship, which he did not always get (perhaps even during his married life - he wrote to his wife, Mrinalini: "If you and I could be comrades in all our work and in all our thoughts it would be splendid, but we cannot attain all that we desire"). He maintained a warm friendship with, and a strong Platonic attachment to, the literature-loving wife, Kadambari, of his elder brother, Jyotirindranath. He dedicated some poems to her before his marriage, and several books afterward, some after her death (she committed suicide, for reasons that are not fully understood, at the age of twenty-five, four months after Rabindranath's wedding). Much later in life, during his tour of Argentina in 1924-1925, Rabindranath came to know the talented and beautiful Victoria Ocampo, who later became the publisher of the literary magazine Sur. They became close friends, but it appears that Rabindranath deflected the possibility of a passionate relationship into a confined intellectual one. 16 His friend Leonard Elmhirst, who accompanied Rabindranath on his Argentine tour, wrote:
Besides having a keen intellectual understanding of his books, she was in love with him - but instead of being content to build a friendship on the basis of intellect, she was in a hurry to establish that kind of proprietary right over him which he absolutely would not brook.
Ocampo and Elmhirst, while remaining friendly, were both quite rude in what they wrote about each other. Ocampo's book on Tagore (of which a Bengali translation was made from the Spanish by the distinguished poet and critic Shankha Ghosh) is primarily concerned with Tagore's writings but also discusses the pleasures and difficulties of their relationship, giving quite a different account from Elmhirst's, and never suggesting any sort of proprietary intentions.
Victoria Ocampo, however, makes it clear that she very much wanted to get physically closer to Rabindranath: "Little by little he [Tagore] partially tamed the young animal, by turns wild and docile, who did not sleep, dog-like, on the floor outside his door, simply because it was not done." 17 Rabindranath, too, was clearly very much attracted to her. He called her "Vijaya" (the Sanskrit equivalent of Victoria), dedicated a book of poems to her, Purabi - an "evening melody," and expressed great admiration for her mind ("like a star that was distant"). In a letter to her he wrote, as if to explain his own reticence:
When we were together, we mostly played with words and tried to laugh away our best opportunities to see each other clearly ... Whenever there is the least sign of the nest becoming a jealous rival of the sky [,] my mind, like a migrant bird, tries to take ... flight to a distant shore.
Five years later, during Tagore's European tour in 1930, he sent her a cable: "Will you not come and see me." She did. But their relationship did not seem to go much beyond conversation, and their somewhat ambiguous correspondence continued over the years. Written in 1940, a year before his death at eighty, one of the poems in Sesh Lekha ("Last Writings"), seems to be about her: "How I wish I could once again find my way to that foreign land where waits for me the message of love!/... Her language I knew not, but what her eyes said will forever remain eloquent in its anguish." 18 However indecisive, or confused, or awkward Rabindranath may have been, he certainly did not share Mahatma Gandhi's censorious views of sex. In fact, when it came to social policy, he advocated contraception and family planning while Gandhi preferred abstinence.
Tagore with his wife Mrinalini Devi in 1883.
Shantiniketan Collections
Science and the People
Gandhi and Tagore severely clashed over their totally different attitudes toward science. In January 1934, Bihar was struck by a devastating earthquake, which killed thousands of people. Gandhi, who was then deeply involved in the fight against untouchability (the barbaric system inherited from India's divisive past, in which "lowly people" were kept at a physical distance), extracted a positive lesson from the tragic event. "A man like me," Gandhi argued, "cannot but believe this earthquake is a divine chastisement sent by God for our sins" - in particular the sins of untouchability. "For me there is a vital connection between the Bihar calamity and the untouchability campaign."
Tagore, who equally abhorred untouchability and had joined Gandhi in the movements against it, protested against this interpretation of an event that had caused suffering and death to so many innocent people, including children and babies. He also hated the epistemology implicit in seeing an earthquake as caused by ethical failure. "It is," he wrote, "all the more unfortunate because this kind of unscientific view of [natural] phenomena is too readily accepted by a large section of our countrymen."
The two remained deeply divided over their attitudes toward science. However, while Tagore believed that modern science was essential to the understanding of physical phenomena, his views on epistemology were interestingly heterodox. He did not take the simple "realist" position often associated with modern science. The report of his conversation with Einstein, published in The New York Times in 1930, shows how insistent Tagore was on interpreting truth through observation and reflective concepts. To assert that something is true or untrue in the absence of anyone to observe or perceive its truth, or to form a conception of what it is, appeared to Tagore to be deeply questionable. When Einstein remarked, "If there were no human beings any more, the Apollo Belvedere no longer would be beautiful?" Tagore simply replied, "No." Going further - and into much more interesting territory - Einstein said, "I agree with regard to this conception of beauty, but not with regard to truth." Tagore's response was: "Why not? Truth is realized through men." 19
Albert Einstein and Tagore, in New York, 1930.
Photo: Martin Vos/Rabindra Bhavan, Shantiniketan
Tagore's epistemology, which he never pursued systematically, would seem to be searching for a line of reasoning that would later be elegantly developed by Hilary Putnam, who has argued: "Truth depends on conceptual schemes and it is nonetheless 'real truth.'" 20 Tagore himself said little to explain his convictions, but it is important to take account of his heterodoxy, not only because his speculations were invariably interesting, but also because they illustrate how his support for any position, including his strong interest in science, was accompanied by critical scrutiny.
Nationalism and Colonialism
Tagore was predictably hostile to communal sectarianism (such as a Hindu orthodoxy that was antagonistic to Islamic, Christian, or Sikh perspectives). But even nationalism seemed to him to be suspect. Isaiah Berlin summarizes well Tagore's complex position on Indian nationalism:
Tagore stood fast on the narrow causeway, and did not betray his vision of the difficult truth. He condemned romantic overattachment to the past, what he called the tying of India to the past "like a sacrificial goat tethered to a post," and he accused men who displayed it - they seemed to him reactionary - of not knowing what true political freedom was, pointing out that it is from English thinkers and English books that the very notion of political liberty was derived. But against cosmopolitanism he maintained that the English stood on their own feet, and so must Indians. In 1917 he once more denounced the danger of ‘leaving everything to the unalterable will of the Master,' be he brahmin or Englishman. 21
The duality Berlin points to is well reflected also in Tagore's attitude toward cultural diversity. He wanted Indians to learn what is going on elsewhere, how others lived, what they valued, and so on, while remaining interested and involved in their own culture and heritage. Indeed, in his educational writings the need for synthesis is strongly stressed. It can also be found in his advice to Indian students abroad. In 1907 he wrote to his son-in-law Nagendranath Gangulee, who had gone to America to study agriculture:
To get on familiar terms with the local people is a part of your education. To know only agriculture is not enough; you must know America too. Of course if, in the process of knowing America, one begins to lose one's identity and falls into the trap of becoming an Americanised person contemptuous of everything Indian, it is preferable to stay in a locked room.
Tagore was strongly involved in protest against the Raj on a number of occasions, most notably in the movement to resist the 1905 British proposal to split in two the province of Bengal, a plan that was eventually withdrawn following popular resistance. He was forthright in denouncing the brutality of British rule in India, never more so than after the Amritsar massacre of April 13, 1919, when 379 unarmed people at a peaceful meeting were gunned down by the army, and two thousand more were wounded. Between April 23 and 26, Rabindranath wrote five agitated letters to C.F. Andrews, who himself was extremely disturbed, especially after he was told by a British civil servant in India that thanks to this show of strength, the "moral prestige" of the Raj had "never been higher."
A month after the massacre, Tagore wrote to the Viceroy of India, asking to be relieved of the knighthood he had accepted four years earlier:
The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate people and the methods of carrying them out, we are convinced, are without parallel in the history of civilized governments, barring some conspicuous exceptions, recent and remote. Considering that such treatment has been meted out to a population, disarmed and resourceless, by a power which has the most terribly efficient organisation for destruction of human lives, we must strongly assert that it can claim no political expediency, far less moral justification ... The universal agony of indignation roused in the hearts of our people has been ignored by our rulers - possibly congratulating themselves for imparting what they imagine as salutary lessons ... I for my part want to stand, shorn of all special distinctions, by the side of those of my countrymen who for their so-called insignificance are liable to suffer a degradation not fit for human beings.
Both Gandhi and Nehru expressed their appreciation of the important part Tagore took in the national struggle. It is fitting that after independence, India chose a song of Tagore ("Jana Gana Mana Adhinayaka," which can be roughly translated as "the leader of people's minds") as its national anthem. Since Bangladesh would later choose another song of Tagore ("Amar Sonar Bangla") as its national anthem, he may be the only one ever to have authored the national anthems of two different countries.
Tagore's criticism of the British administration of India was consistently strong and grew more intense over the years. This point is often missed, since he made a special effort to dissociate his criticism of the Raj from any denigration of British - or Western - people and culture. Mahatma Gandhi's well-known quip in reply to a question, asked in England, on what he thought of Western civilization ("It would be a good idea") could not have come from Tagore's lips. He would understand the provocations to which Gandhi was responding - involving cultural conceit as well as imperial tyranny. D.H. Lawrence supplied a fine example of the former: "I become more and more surprised to see how far higher, in reality, our European civilization stands than the East, Indian and Persian, ever dreamed of .... This fraud of looking up to them - this wretched worship-of-Tagore attitude is disgusting." But, unlike Gandhi, Tagore could not, even in jest, be dismissive of Western civilization.
Forthright in denouncing the brutality of British rule in India.
Portrait by W. Rothenstein
Even in his powerful indictment of British rule in India in 1941, in a lecture which he gave on his last birthday, and which was later published as a pamphlet under the title Crisis in Civilization, he strains hard to maintain the distinction between opposing Western imperialism and rejecting Western civilization. While he saw India as having been "smothered under the dead weight of British administration" (adding "another great and ancient civilization for whose recent tragic history the British cannot disclaim responsibility is China"), Tagore recalls what India has gained from "discussions centred upon Shakespeare's drama and Byron's poetry and above all ... the large-hearted liberalism of nineteenth-century English politics." The tragedy, as Tagore saw it, came from the fact that what "was truly best in their own civilization, the upholding of dignity of human relationships, has no place in the British administration of this country." "If in its place they have established, baton in hand, a reign of 'law and order,' or in other words a policeman's rule, such a mockery of civilization can claim no respect from us."
Critique of Patriotism
Rabindranath rebelled against the strongly nationalist form that the independence movement often took, and this made him refrain from taking a particularly active part in contemporary politics. He wanted to assert India's right to be independent without denying the importance of what India could learn - freely and profitably - from abroad. He was afraid that a rejection of the West in favor of an indigenous Indian tradition was not only limiting in itself; it could easily turn into hostility to other influences from abroad, including Christianity, which came to parts of India by the fourth century; Judaism, which came through Jewish immigration shortly after the fall of Jerusalem, as did Zoroastrianism through Parsi immigration later on (mainly in the eighth century), and, of course - and most importantly - Islam, which has had a very strong presence in India since the tenth century.
Tagore's criticism of patriotism is a persistent theme in his writings. As early as 1908, he put his position succinctly in a letter replying to the criticism of Abala Bose, the wife of a great Indian scientist, Jagadish Chandra Bose: "Patriotism cannot be our final spiritual shelter; my refuge is humanity. I will not buy glass for the price of diamonds, and I will never allow patriotism to triumph over humanity as long as I live." His novel Ghare Baire (The Home and the World) has much to say about this theme. In the novel, Nikhil, who is keen on social reform, including women's liberation, but cool toward nationalism, gradually loses the esteem of his spirited wife, Bimala, because of his failure to be enthusiastic about anti-British agitations, which she sees as a lack of patriotic commitment. Bimala becomes fascinated with Nikhil's nationalist friend Sandip, who speaks brilliantly and acts with patriotic militancy, and she falls in love with him. Nikhil refuses to change his views: "I am willing to serve my country; but my worship I reserve for Right which is far greater than my country. To worship my country as a god is to bring a curse upon it." 22
As the story unfolds, Sandip becomes angry with some of his countrymen for their failure to join the struggle as readily as he thinks they should ("Some Mohamedan traders are still obdurate"). He arranges to deal with the recalcitrants by burning their meager trading stocks and physically attacking them. Bimala has to acknowledge the connection between Sandip's rousing nationalistic sentiments and his sectarian - and ultimately violent-actions. The dramatic events that follow (Nikhil attempts to help the victims, risking his life) include the end of Bimala's political romance.
This is a difficult subject, and Satyajit Ray's beautiful film of The Home and the World brilliantly brings out the novel's tensions, along with the human affections and disaffections of the story. Not surprisingly, the story has had many detractors, not just among dedicated nationalists in India. Georg Lukács found Tagore's novel to be "a petit bourgeois yarn of the shoddiest kind," "at the intellectual service of the British police," and "a contemptible caricature of Gandhi." It would, of course, be absurd to think of Sandip as Gandhi, but the novel gives a "strong and gentle" warning, as Bertolt Brecht noted in his diary, of the corruptibility of nationalism, since it is not even-handed. Hatred of one group can lead to hatred of others, no matter how far such feeling may be from the minds of large-hearted nationalist leaders like Mahatma Gandhi.
Admiration and Criticism of Japan
Tagore's reaction to nationalism in Japan is particularly telling. As in the case of India, he saw the need to build the self-confidence of a defeated and humiliated people, of people left behind by developments elsewhere, as was the case in Japan before its emergence during the nineteenth century. At the beginning of one of his lectures in Japan in 1916 ("Nationalism in Japan"), he observed that "the worst form of bondage is the bondage of dejection, which keeps men hopelessly chained in loss of faith in themselves." Tagore shared the admiration for Japan widespread in Asia for demonstrating the ability of an Asian nation to rival the West in industrial development and economic progress. He noted with great satisfaction that Japan had "in giant strides left centuries of inaction behind, overtaking the present time in its foremost achievement." For other nations outside the West, he said, Japan "has broken the spell under which we lay in torpor for ages, taking it to be the normal condition of certain races living in certain geographical limits."
But then Tagore went on to criticize the rise of a strong nationalism in Japan, and its emergence as an imperialist nation. Tagore's outspoken criticisms did not please Japanese audiences and, as E.P. Thompson wrote, "the welcome given to him on his first arrival soon cooled." 23 Twenty-two years later, in 1937, during the Japanese war on China, Tagore received a letter from Rash Behari Bose, an anti-British Indian revolutionary then living in Japan, who sought Tagore's approval for his efforts there on behalf of Indian independence, in which he had the support of the Japanese government. Tagore replied:
Your cable has caused me many restless hours, for it hurts me very much to have to ignore your appeal. I wish you had asked for my cooperation in a cause against which my spirit did not protest. I know, in making this appeal, you counted on my great regard for the Japanese for I, along with the rest of Asia, did once admire and look up to Japan and did once fondly hope that in Japan Asia had at last discovered its challenge to the West, that Japan's new strength would be consecrated in safeguarding the culture of the East against alien interests. But Japan has not taken long to betray that rising hope and repudiate all that seemed significant in her wonderful, and, to us symbolic, awakening, and has now become itself a worse menace to the defenceless peoples of the East.
How to view Japan's position in the Second World War was a divisive issue in India. After the war, when Japanese political leaders were tried for war crimes, the sole dissenting voice among the judges came from the Indian judge, Radhabinod Pal, a distinguished jurist. Pal dissented on various grounds, among them that no fair trial was possible in view of the asymmetry of power between the victor and the defeated. Ambivalent feelings in India toward the Japanese military aggression, given the unacceptable nature of British imperialism, possibly had a part in predisposing Pal to consider a perspective different from that of the other judges.
More tellingly, Subhas Chandra Bose (no relation of Rash Behari Bose), a leading nationalist, made his way to Japan during the war via Italy and Germany after escaping from a British prison; he helped the Japanese to form units of Indian soldiers, who had earlier surrendered to the advancing Japanese army, to fight on the Japanese side as the "Indian National Army." Rabindranath had formerly entertained great admiration for Subhas Bose as a dedicated nonsectarian fighter for Indian independence. 24 But their ways would have parted when Bose's political activities took this turn, although Tagore was dead by the time Bose reached Japan.
Tagore saw Japanese militarism as illustrating the way nationalism can mislead even a nation of great achievement and promise. In 1938 Yone Noguchi, the distinguished poet and friend of Tagore (as well as of Yeats and Pound), wrote to Tagore, pleading with him to change his mind about Japan. Rabindranath's reply, written on September 12, 1938, was altogether uncompromising:
It seems to me that it is futile for either of us to try to convince the other, since your faith in the infallible right of Japan to bully other Asiatic nations into line with your Government's policy is not shared by me .... Believe me, it is sorrow and shame, not anger, that prompt me to write to you. I suffer intensely not only because the reports of Chinese suffering batter against my heart, but because I can no longer point out with pride the example of a great Japan.
He would have been much happier with the postwar emergence of Japan as a peaceful power. Then, too, since he was not free of egotism, he would also have been pleased by the attention paid to his ideas by the novelist Yasunari Kawabata and others. 25
Yasunari Kawabata
| Rabindranath Tagore |
Complete the title of the poem by T.S. Eliot, 'The Love Song Of J. Alfred........'? | Biography - Mahatma Gandhi - Father of Nation
Biography - Mahatma Gandhi - Father of Nation
Biography
Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujrat, India.
On 15 August 1947, he and his followers forced the British to leave India. Rightfully, he is called the father of the nation.
His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He is known as Mahatma, meaning 'great soul', because of his work on non-violence, satyagrah and selfless service to his people.
Gandhi spent 20 years in South Africa working to fight discrimination. It was there that he created his concept of satyagraha, a non-violent way of protesting against injustices. While in India, Gandhi's obvious virtue, simplistic lifestyle, and minimal dress endeared him to the people. He spent his remaining years working diligently to both remove British rule from India as well as to better the lives of India's poorest classes. Many civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., used Gandhi's concept of non-violent protest as a model for their own struggles.
Gandhiji influenced both nationalist and internationalist movements and brought the cause of India's independence from British colonial rule to world attention. Gandhiji's principle of satyagraha (from Sanskrit satya: truth, and graha: grasp/hold), has also inspired other democratic activists, including Martin Luther King, Jr., John Lennon and the 14th Dalai Lama.
In September 1888, at age 18, Gandhi left India, without his wife and newborn son, in order to study to become a barrister (lawyer) in London. Attempting to fit into English society, Gandhi spent his first three months in London attempting to make himself into an English gentleman by buying new suits, fine-tuning his English accent, learning French, and taking violin and dance lessons. After three months of these expensive endeavors, Gandhi decided they were a waste of time and money. He then cancelled all of these classes and spent the remainder of his three-year stay in London being a serious student and living a very simple lifestyle.
In addition to learning to live a very simple and frugal lifestyle, Gandhi discovered his life-long passion for vegetarianism while in England. Although most of the other Indian students ate meat while they were in England, Gandhi was determined not to do so, in part because he had vowed to his mother that he would stay a vegetarian. In his search for vegetarian restaurants, Gandhi found and joined the London Vegetarian Society. The Society consisted of an intellectual crowd who introduced Gandhi to different authors, such as Henry David Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy. It was also through members of the Society that Gandhi began to really read the Bhagavad Gita, an epic poem which is considered a sacred text to Hindus. The new ideas and concepts that he learned from these books set the foundation for his later beliefs.
Gandhi successfully passed the bar on June 10, 1891 and sailed back to India two days later. For the next two years, Gandhi attempted to practice law in India. Unfortunately, Gandhi found that he lacked both knowledge of Indian law and self-confidence at trial. When he was offered a year-long position to take a case in South Africa, he was thankful for the opportunity.
Gandhi in South Africa
At age 23, Gandhi once again left his family behind and set off for South Africa, arriving in British-governed Natal in May 1893. Although Gandhi was hoping to earn a little bit of money and to learn more about law, it was in South Africa that Gandhi transformed from a very quiet and shy man to a resilient and potent leader against discrimination. The beginning of this transformation occurred during a business trip taken shortly after his arrival in South Africa.
Gandhi had only been in South Africa for about a week when he was asked to take the long trip from Natal to the capital of the Dutch-governed Transvaal province of South Africa for his case. It was to be a several day trip, including transportation by train and by stagecoach. When Gandhi boarded the first train of his journey at the Pietermartizburg station, railroad officials told Gandhi that he needed to transfer to the third-class passenger car. When Gandhi, who was holding first-class passenger tickets, refused to move, a policeman came and threw him off the train.
That was not the last of the injustices Gandhi suffered on this trip. As Gandhi talked to other Indians in South Africa (derogatorily called "coolies"), he found that his experiences were most definitely not isolated incidents but rather, these types of situations were common. During that first night of his trip, sitting in the cold of the railroad station after being thrown off the train, Gandhi contemplated whether he should go back home to India or to fight the discrimination. After much thought, Gandhi decided that he could not let these injustices continue and that he was going to fight to change these discriminatory practices.
He spent his remaining years working diligently to both remove British rule from India as well as to better the lives of India's poorest classes. Many civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., used Gandhi's concept of non-violent protest as a model for their own struggles.
The title of ‘Mahatma’ (Sanskrit term of reverence ‘mahatman’ meaning ‘one of great soul’) was accorded on Gandhiji in 1915 by his admirer Rabindranath Tagore (the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature). It was given in response to Gandhiji conferring the title of "Gurudev" (great teacher) upon Tagore.
Assassination
Unfortunately, not everyone was happy with this peace plan. There were a few radical Hindu groups who believed that India should never have been partitioned. In part, they blamed Gandhi for the separation.
On January 30, 1948, the 78-year-old Gandhi spent his last day as he had many others. The majority of the day was spent discussing issues with various groups and individuals. At a few minutes past 5 p.m., when it was time for the prayer meeting, Gandhi began the walk to Birla House. A crowd had surrounded him as he walked, being supported by two of his grandnieces. In front of him, a young Hindu named Nathuram Godse stopped before him and bowed. Gandhi bowed back. Then Godse rushed forward and shot Gandhi three times with a black, semi-automatic pistol. Although Gandhi had survived five other assassination attempts, this time, Gandhi fell to the ground, dead.
| i don't know |
In football, which country won the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations, their first title? | My Football Facts & Stats | African Football
Football stats of the Africa Cup of Nations winners from 1957 to 2012
CAF AFRICA CUP OF NATIONS
The origins of the Africa Nations Cup date back to June 1956, when the creation of the Confederation of African Football was proposed during the third FIFA congress in Lisbon. There were immediate plans for a continental nations tournament to be held, and in February 1957, the first Africa Cup of Nations took place in Khartoum, Sudan.
In 1957 there were only three participating nations: Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. South Africa was to compete, but was disqualified due to the apartheid policies of the government then in power. Since then, the tournament has grown, making it necessary to hold a qualifying tournament. The number of participants in the final tournament reached 16 in 1998 (16 teams were to compete in 1996 but Nigeria withdrew) and since then, the format has been unchanged, with the sixteen teams being drawn into four groups of four teams each, with the top two teams of each group advancing to a "knock-out" stage.
Egypt is the most successful nation in the cup's history, winning the tournament a record seven times, including the tournament in Angola 2010. Ghana and Cameroon have won four titles each. Three different trophies have been awarded during the tournament's history, with Ghana and Cameroon winning the first two after each of them won a tournament three times. The current trophy was first awarded in 2002.
The 2012 Africa Cup of Nations Finals was jointly hosted by Gabon and Equatorial Guinea and took place from 21st January to 12th February 2012. Zambia won their first Title, beating the Ivory Coast on a penalty shoot-out.
The tournament switched to odd years from 2013 onwards with South Africa the Host Nation, followed by Morocco in 2015 and Libya in 2017.
Nigeria won the 2013 ACON beating Burkina Faso in the Final 1-0.
Concerns by Morocco about the Ebola outbreak forced a switch of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations to Equatorial Guinea, who had joint-hosted the tournament three years earlier with Gabon.
CAF ALL AFRICAN GAMES
The men's football tournament has been held at every session of the All-Africa Games since 1965. Since the 1991 All-Africa Games, age limit for men teams is under-23 as the Summer Olympics.
CAF AFRICAN CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
The African Champions League has been contested since 1964 with clubs from Egypt being the most succesful with 11 wins.
The football competition used to be known as the African Cup of Champions Clubs from 1964 until 1996. The 2011 edition Final was played in November.
VODACOM CHALLENGE
The Vodacom Challenge is a association football pre-season tournament that features Vodacom-sponsored South African clubs Orlando Pirates and Kaizer Chiefs plus from 2006 onwards an invited European club.
Prior to 2006, the competition consisted of the two Soweto clubs and two invited African clubs.
| Zambia |
In 1968, which was the first manned lunar orbiting mission? | Bafana Bafana: a quick history
Bafana Bafana: a quick history
Bafana Bafana: a quick history
11 May 2009
Tweet on Twitter
Soccer and democracy
South Africa’s national football team, known as Bafana Bafana (“The Boys”), has a relatively short international history. That’s because the first team to represent all South Africans only played its first match in 1992 – two years before the country’s first democratic elections.
Bafana’s first match was played in Durban, against Cameroon, on 7 July 1992. It proved to be a strong debut against one of Africa’s leading teams, which had made the quarterfinals of the World Cup only two years previously. Doctor Khumalo scored the game’s only goal to give South Africa a 1-0 win.
Despite that victory over the Indomitable Lions, the effects of isolation soon showed as South Africa failed to qualify for the 1994 African Nations Cup after suffering four defeats in succession – to Cameroon, Zambia, Nigeria and Zambia.
African Nations Cup 1996
Two years later, however, Bafana Bafana’s place at the African Nations Cup finals was assured when the country hosted the tournament.
Under coach Clive Barker, the national team rose to the occasion, topping its group after beating Cameroon 3-0 and Angola 1-0 before losing 1-0 to Egypt.
In the quarterfinals, Bafana beat Algeria 2-1 to set up a semi-final clash against Ghana, the only team that had won all its games up until that stage of the competition. Putting in one of the finest performances ever by the South African national team, the home side triumphed 3-0 in front of 75 000 spectators at the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg.
Bafana faced Tunisia in the final, after the North Africans had defeated Zambia 4-2 in the semi-finals. In front of a crowd of 80 000 at the FNB Stadium, Neil Tovey’s men gave the supporters what they wanted by beating the Tunisians 2-0, with Mark Williams netting both goals.
1996: the Boys play Brazil
Still in 1996, the potential of South African football was demonstrated when Bafana Bafana took on world champions Brazil, who were at full strength, in a Mandela Cup match in Johannesburg.
Philemon Masinga put South Africa into a 25th-minute lead and Doctor Khumalo then made it 2-0 to the home side at the break, to the delight of the Bafana fans.
The Brazilians fought back after the break, with Flavio netting in the 56th minute. Twelve minutes later, Rivaldo made it 2-2.
Then, with only four minutes left, Bebeto, one of the heroes of Brazil’s 1994 World Cup winning team, snatched the winner for the visitors.
Although South Africa lost, the match provided ample proof that the team’s African Nations Cup title was no fluke. It also proved to be a wonderful celebration of the game of football, and of the role Nelson Mandela played in bringing democracy to the country.
World Cup 1998
Bafana Bafana continued to excel on the international stage when, in 1997, the team qualified for the World Cup finals for the first time.
They faced the difficult task of taking on the hosts, France, in their first match in Group C. The French, with probably the best team in the country’s history, beat South Africa 3-0. France went on to beat Brazil by the same score in the final.
Bafana Bafana drew 1-1 with Denmark in the team’s second match, then shared a 2-2 draw with Saudi Arabia. The two draws and one loss saw South Africa exit the event in the group stages after finishing third in its group.
African Nations Cup 1998
Also in 1998, Bafana defended their African Nations Cup title in Burkina Faso. In a controversial decision, taken shortly before the finals, coach Clive Barker was sacked and Jomo Sono appointed in a caretaker role. Some forecasts were dire, but the South African team again rose to the challenge to perform well.
They finished second behind the Ivorians in their group, after a 0-0 draw against Angola, a 1-1 draw with the Ivory Coast and a 4-1 win over Nambia. A young striker by the name of Benni McCarthy made his mark by netting four goals inside 21 minutes in the victory over the Namibians.
In the quarterfinals, South Africa beat Morocco 2-1 as McCarthy and David Nyathi netted. That earned them a semi-final place against the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In the semi-final, McCarthy scored on the hour-mark to level the scores after South Africa had fallen behind in the 48th minute. He then struck in extra time to earn Bafana a 2-1 win and a place in the final against Egypt, who had beaten the hosts Burkina Faso in the other semi-final.
The dream of successive titles was brought to an end in the final when the Pharaohs scored two early goals to take a 2-0 victory. Nonetheless, given the uncertain build-up to the tournament, it was a good showing by South Africa.
1999: first win over European opposition
Despite very average results in 1999, Bafana managed to win the Afro-Asian Trophy after beating Saudi Arabia 1-0 in Cape Town and then drawing 0-0 in Riyadh.
In November 1999, Bafana Bafana achieved a notable milestone when they scored their first win over European opposition. It came in the Nelson Mandela Challenge against Sweden at Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria. Siyabonga Nomvete was the hero, netting an 87th minute goal to snatch a late victory for the home side.
At the African Nations Cup in 2000, hosted by Ghana and Nigeria, Bafana Bafana topped their group, beating Gabon 3-1, the DRC 1-0, and playing to a 0-0 draw with Algeria. In the quarterfinals, Siyabonga Nomvete scored the only goal as South Africa eliminated one of the hosts, Ghana.
In the semi-finals, SA’s footballing nemesis, Nigeria, beat Bafana 2-0. South Africa ultimately finished third after beating Tunisia 4-3 from the penalty spot after the teams had played to a 2-2 draw in the playoff.
World Cup 2002
Although South Africa’s African Nations Cup performances had gradually slipped over three continental finals – from winners to finalists to semi-finalists – their performances in at the 2002 Fifa World Cup in South Korea and Japan were noteworthy.
Competing in group B, they drew 2-2 with Paraguay and then beat Slovenia 1-0. That left Bafana with a shot of making it to the round of 16, but a tough encounter against highly fancied Spain awaited the side.
In a back-and-forth tussle, Spain took an early lead through Raul. Benni McCarthy struck back in the 31st minute to make it 1-1. Gaizka Mendieta then edged the Spaniards in front with a goal in first-half injury time.
Only eight minutes into the second stanza, Lucas Radebe levelled the scores. Raul, however, restored Spain’s lead three minutes later, and that’s how it ended: South Africa 2, Spain 3.
At the same time as Bafana Bafana and Spain were doing battle, Slovenia and Paraguay were in action.
The Slovenians took a 1-0 lead into the break, which meant South Africa would qualify for the next round regardless of whether or not they lost to Spain. Paraguay, however, came roaring back in the second half, netting three times to win 3-1.
The South Americans’ third goal, scored in the 84th minute, was enough to see them progress at South Africa’s expense, but only by the narrowest of margins: both had the same number of points, and the same goal difference. Paraguay, though, had scored and conceded six goals to South Africa’s five and five.
African Nations Cup slide
South Africa’s African Nations Cup slide continued in the finals held in Mali in 2002.
Bafana Bafana qualified at the top of their group, albeit with a record of only one win and two draws. They opened with a 0-0 draw against Burkina Faso, and followed that up with another goalless draw against Ghana. A 3-1 victory over Morocco, however, was enough to open a path to the quarterfinals. There, Bafana Bafana met the hosts and were beaten 2-0.
In 2003, the national side managed a record of only six wins, a draw and four losses. Worryingly, losses began to come against teams that South Africa needed to beat to maintain a strong Fifa world ranking – countries like Zimbabwe, Tunisia and Egypt.
The decline was made clear for all to see at the 2004 African Nations Cup in Tunisia. Despite opening with a 2-0 win over Benin, Bafana Bafana failed to progress beyond the group stages. They were humbled 4-0 by Nigeria, and drew 1-1 with Morocco.
2004: World Cup bid succeeds
In May 2004, however, the mood of South African football fans was considerably brightened when the country won the right to host the 2010 Fifa World Cup™ – the first African country to be awarded the honour.
And in November 2004, the Nigerian bogey was finally ended when Bafana Bafana beat the Super Eagles 2-1 in the Nelson Mandela Challenge at Ellis Park in Johannesburg.
Despite a decent showing as an invited team to the 2005 Concacaf Gold Cup, in which they drew three matches and beat Mexico 2-1, 2005 was not a good year for South Africa’s national football team. They scraped wins over lightly regarded teams early in the year, but ended it with four losses and a draw in their last five matches.
Egypt 2006: Bafana hit bottom
Although they qualified for the 2006 African Nations Cup in Egypt, the tournament proved to be a disaster for South Africa. They lost all three matches they played and failed to score a single goal as they crashed out of the tournament as the bottom team in their group.
With four years remaining until 2010 and the national team in disarray – and down to 72nd in Fifa’s world rankings – a decision was made to acquire a big-name coach to prepare Bafana for the World Cup. Brazilian Carlos Alberto Parreira, who had coached Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil and Saudi Arabia in previous World Cup finals, took up the post.
Parreira achieved his first goal of earning qualification for the 2008 African Nations Cup in Ghana, but South Africa once again bowed out in the first round.
2008: improvement under Parreira
They finished bottom of group D in Ghana after two draws and one loss, which was, at least, an improvement over their previous campaign. Bafana drew 1-1 with both Angola and Senegal, and lost 3-1 to Tunisia.
After that, South Africa appeared to be making progress under Parreira, and a stylish 3-0 victory over Paraguay in March 2008 was cause for optimism. The following month, however, Parreira abruptly resigned his position to be with his wife, who had recently undergone surgery for cancer.
His replacement was another Brazilian, recommended by Parreira: Joel Santana, who brought with him an excellent record in Brazilian club football, but no international experience.
2008/09: Santana in at the deep end
Santana was thrown in at the deep end, taking over just before a series of African Nations Cup qualifiers. He didn’t know the players, he didn’t have time to work with them – and South Africa failed to qualify for the 2010 African Nations Cup in Angola.
The tide seemed to be turning, however, when South Africa scored a national record five consecutive wins in succession – over Zambia, Cameroon, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, and Malawi.
However, disappointing losses to Chile and Portugal in early 2009, either side of a last-gasp win over Norway, suggested that Bafana still had considerable ground to make up if they were to progress beyond the group stages of the 2010 World Cup.
2009 Fifa Confederations Cup
At the Confederations Cup, a World Cup warm-up event played in South Africa in June 2009, Bafana Bafana gave a good account of themselves in reaching the semi-finals. With a place in the final on the line, they went down 1-0 to eventual champions Brazil, who scored only three minutes from time.
Against Spain, in the play-off for third and fourth, Bafana pushed the European champions into extra time before succumbing 3-2.
With good performances against the world’s two top teams, confidence in the national side was running high. Sadly, this proved to be a false dawn.
Parreira returns
In August and September 2009, Serbia beat Bafana 3-1 in Tshwane/Pretoria, Germany beat them 2-0 in Leverkusen in September, and Ireland won 1-0 in Limerick before South Africa scored an unconvincing 1-0 win over minnows Madagascar at home.
And in October 2009, Bafana went down 1-0 to Norway in Oslo and 1-0 to Iceland in Reykjavik. Eight losses in nine matches saw Bafana Bafana drop to a 16-year low of 85th in Fifa’s world rankings.
Not long afterwards, on 19 October 2009, the South African Football Association announced that Joel Santana had stepped down as coach of South Africa’s national team.
On 23 October his replacement was announced: none other than Carlos Alberto Parreira.
“I see light at the end of the tunnel,” Parreira told Fifa in an interview the following month. “When we have this team up to a good level of fitness, they will prove far more competitive. This side has played at a high level before. When I worked here the first time we beat Paraguay 3-0, and that’s the standard I want the team to get back to.”
The 2010 Fifa World Cup
Under Parreira, Bafana Bafana’s fortunes improved dramatically. In fact, by the time the World Cup arrived the team was on a 12-match unbeaten run. Included in the results were wins over fellow World Cup finalists Denmark and highly-regarded Colombia, as well as some big victories over lesser lights.
Thailand were handed a 4-0 hiding and Guatemala were then on the wrong end of a 5-0 result, which was South Africa’s biggest win yet, in captain Aaron Mokoena’s 100th international.
At Soccer City in Soweto, Bafana got the World Cup off to a rousing start when they played out an entertaining 1-1 draw with Mexico. Siphiwe Tshabalala scored the first goal of the tournament with one of the best shots of the tournament, but Rafael Marquez netted an equaliser 11 minutes from time to earn the Mexicans a share of the spoils.
Things did not go well for South Africa in their second game as they fell 3-0 to Uruguay. Diego Forlan, who went on to win the Golden Ball as the player of the tournament, pulled the strings for the South Americans and a few breaks went against Bafana to leave the team on the verge of elimination ahead of their final game against France.
Showing impressive heart and teamwork, Bafana put on an impressive showing against the 2006 finalists in Bloemfontein, winning 2-1, which proved to be not enough to make it to the next round. They did at least end on a high and the fans showed their appreciation for the players’ whole-hearted effort.
The match was Carlos Alberto Parreira’s last one in charge of the team.
Thanks to their much improved form under the Brazilian, and their results in the World Cup, they improved from 83rd place in the Fifa World Rankings before the World Cup to 66th place after its completion.
Pitso Mosimane era
Parreira’s former assitant Pitso Mosimane took over from the Brazilian as coach of the national team after the World Cup and initially the results under him were good.
In his first nine matches in charge, South Africa won six times, drew twice and lost 1-0 to the USA. However, from August 2011 to May 2012 the fortunes of Bafana tumbled as they played another seven matches, winning none, drawing five and losing two.
Goal scoring proved to be the problem that Mosimane was unable to fix. Under him, Bafana played 16 matches and scored only 14 goals while they conceded seven. That wasn’t the kind of record that drew the support of fans and earned the team important wins.
In fact, unfortunately, the most memorable match under Mosimane was a game against Sierra Leone in Nelspruit, which was the last match of Bafana’s campaign to qualify for the 2012 African Cup of Nations. After a goalless draw, the South African team celebrated qualification for the continental finals. Embarrassingly, they did not understand the qualifying criteria and the team had, in fact, missed out on the finals in Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.
At the beginning of June 2012, Mosimane was axed after a 1-1 draw against 138th ranked Ethiopia in a 2014 Fifa World Cup qualifier played in Rustenburg.
Just less than a month later, Gordon Igesund was named his successor.
Gordon Igesund
Coach Igesund, a winner of the Premier Soccer League title with Manning Rangers, Orlando Pirates, Santos and Mamelodi Sundowns, faced the tough task of reviving Bafana Bafana’s fortunes, but he had a big opportunity for a quick turn-around with South Africa hosting the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations.
From his first match in charge, a narrow 1-0 loss to Brazil in Brazil, Igesund focussed on preparing his team for Afcon 2013. Results were not the be-all and end-all of his approach and while that made some supporters unhappy, he fielded a vastly improved team for Afcon.
Bafana Bafana won their group after beating Angola and drawing with Cape Verde and Morocco, but were eliminated in the quarterfinals by world number 25 Mali, who won from the penalty spot.
Importantly, though, the home team’s wholehearted approach earned the approval of fans and the side rocketed 25 places up in the Fifa rankings after the tournament to 60th in the world.
Would you like to use this article in your publication or on your website? See: Using SAinfo material
TAGS
| i don't know |
In the film 'Transformers', who plays 'John Keller', the US Secretary of Defence? | John Keller | Teletraan I: The Transformers Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
Actor: Jon Voight (English) Minoru Hirano (Japanese-language dub voice)
After the SOCCENT Forward Operations Base in Qatar was attacked by unknown hostiles , Keller led a briefing on what they knew to a group of Pentagon -computer technicians, informing them that someone had tried to hack the Defense Network during the attack. Later, when Air Force One was hacked by another unknown hostile , he ordered the President to be placed in the Presidential bunker.
When he was briefed on the possible countries that were capable of such hacks, Maggie Madsen , who had led the team which discovered the second hack, inflormed him that those countries were incapable of such work. When she suggested that it might be a living organism behind it, Keller told her to find some evidence, or shut up. However, he was later informed that survivors of the base attack were under attack by a hostile. When the Pentagon received video feed, they saw that the hostile was a never before seen creature . After the creature was driven off, Keller ordered the men to be returned to the states and debriefed.
Later, a virus which had been uploaded by the second hacker led to a global communications shutdown. During that time, Tom Banachek arrived from Sector Seven , an organization Keller had never heard of, with orders from the President to brief Keller. Taking him to the briefing room, Banachek showed Keller images of the Mars Beagle 2 Rover . Officially, the rover had crashed and been lost. Unofficially, thirteen seconds of information had been sent before the rover had been destroyed by a humanoid creature . Visibly horrified, Keller was then shown a picture of the Mars alien, as Banachek then compared that with images of the "weapons platform" the SOCCENT survivors had taken before their retreat. When Keller asked if the planet was under threat of invasion, Banachek told him to look out at the static filled screens. Keller ordered the dispatched naval fleets to be returned somehow, and had Madsen brought with him as his advisor, along with her advisor Glen Whitmann .
Taken to Hoover Dam , Keller met with Captain Lennox , CO of the SOCCENT survivors, and informed him that they were doing their best to load all gunships with sabot rounds. Going inside, he was shocked to see a frozen N.B.E.-1 , and was very upset that he had never been informed about it. This was made even worse when some kid told them that N.B.E.-1, whose real name was Megatron , was the harbringer of death and planned to turn all of Earth's machines to conquer the galaxy with some device called the All Spark . During a demonstration of the All Spark's power, Agent Simmons brought Glen's Nokia produced cellphone to life , commenting that the Japanese were skilled inventors. When Maggie commented that Nokia was from Finland, Keller reminded her that Simmons was a strange man.
After a Decepticon attacked the Dam and Megatron began to thaw, Keller accompanied the others to the armory. During the standoff between Agent Simmons and Captain Lennox over releasing the kid's Camaro , Keller advised Simmons to listen to Lennox. After the Camaro shrank the All Spark, Keller, Simmons, Maggie, and Glen went to the archives room, where they attempted to send out a radio signal to support the soldiers taking the cube to Mission City . Sadly, the radio had no microphones, but Glen attempted to connect a computer to the radio. Their efforts were interrupted by a spastic little abomination that had hacked Air Force One. Keller provided cover fire with an old shotgun while Glen worked. Fortunately, the spastic abomination killed itself with one of its own razors. After contact was made, Keller used his authorization codes to send air support to Mission City.
After the Decepticons were destroyed, Keller informed the military that Sector Seven was to be shutdown, and that the Decepticon corpses were to be dropped in the Laurentian Abyss , which Keller said was the deepest place on the planet. Oops . Transformers (film)
| Jon Voight |
Muslims believe the verses of the Qu'ran were given by God to Muhammad through whom? | Transformers - Movies - The New York Times
The New York Times
Movies |Car Wars With Shape-Shifters ‘R’ Us
Search
Car Wars With Shape-Shifters ‘R’ Us
Transformers
Continue reading the main story
Photo
Optimus Prime, the leader of the Autobots, from the planet Cybertron, in Transformers, directed by Michael Bay and based on the Transformers action figures by Hasbro, with visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic. Credit DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures
Boys and their toys are in full formation in “Transformers,” a movie of epically assaultive noise and nonsense. Originating with the shape-shifting toys — created in Japan, rebranded in America — that transform from robots into stuff like cars and planes, then back again, the movie has been designed as the ultimate in shock-and-awe entertainment. The result is part car commercial, part military recruitment ad, a bumper-to-bumper pileup of big cars, big guns and, as befits its recently weaned target demographic, big breasts.
First introduced in 1984, just in time for the rise of geek culture, the Transformer toys have spawned comic books, television shows, video games, an animated feature and a fan base that has grown beyond children to include collectors like Steven Spielberg, an executive producer for the new movie. Not surprisingly, there’s a touch of mawkish Spielbergian sentiment in the movie’s empathetic hook, a riff on the boy and his alien friendship from “E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.” This time the boy is Sam Witwicky ( Shia LaBeouf , talking fast, running hard), a high schooler who discovers that his dingy 1970s Camaro is actually a gentle giant of a robot, Bumblebee.
There’s more — a few goofy caricatures, some throwaway laughs, a lot of technological gobbledygook, the usual filler. Written by Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci , who cobbled the story together with John Rogers, the movie takes flight with a raucous, confusing attack on an American military base in Qatar. There, under the desert sun, muscly, sweaty military types (Josh Duhamel, Tyrese Gibson ) clash with an ominous helicopter that converts into a mysteriously angry critter with an articulated tail like that of a scorpion. Back in the United States the secretary of defense ( Jon Voight ) barks orders at other military types while Sam juggles his weird ride, his mounting fear and his agitated hormones.
Photo
Big, big toys: Josh Duhamel, left, and Shia LaBeouf in a scene from the action film Transformers. Credit Robert Zuckerman/DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures
The guy charged with keeping the movie in gear is the director Michael Bay , the hard-core action savant whose other big-screen eruptions include “The Rock,” “Armageddon,” “Pearl Harbor” and “Bad Boys II.” Like his last effort, “The Island,” this new flick isn’t as propulsive and casually sadistic as the movies that he made with the producer Jerry Bruckheimer (this carries a reasonable PG-13); it feels slower, more tamped down than the usual Bruckheimer assaults. The camera, or rather multiple cameras, are still shooting every which way, and the cutting sometimes registers as eye-blink fast, but not compulsively so. Mr. Bay allows himself to linger here and there, which explains the bloated, almost two-and-a-half-hour running time.
Continue reading the main story
On the face of it “Transformers” is a story as old as the Greeks versus the Trojans, the difference being that these warriors are visitors from another planet, the 1980s-sounding Cybertron, and there isn’t a jot of poetry, tragedy, beauty, meaning or interest in this fight. The Autobots are trying to locate some all-important cube that looks like a Borg starship from “Star Trek: The Next Generation” before it’s found by the Autobots’ villainous alien brethren, the Decepticons. During their mission the Autobots blend into the earthly backdrop by turning into zippy cars and mondo trucks, a strategy that works particularly well in Southern California. Curiously, though the toys originated in Japan, no robot changes into a Toyota.
Advertisement
Continue reading the main story
It’s kind of nifty when the robots transform the first time; they furiously shake back and forth like wet dogs desperately to dry off. But by the 99th time there’s no fun left at all, even during the rock-’em, sock-’em knockdown that delivers the movie, in Spielbergesque pastiche, first to a violent and then to a warm-and-fuzzy close. The actors tend to be more engaging, notably Mr. LaBeouf, who brings energy and a semi-straight face to the dumbest setup. Just as easy on the eyes, though for other reasons, are the two female leads, the genius hacker in throw-her-down heels (Rachael Taylor) and the grease-monkey bombshell (Megan Fox) who helps Sam rise to the manly occasion. These walking, talking dolls register as less human and believable than the Transformers, which may be why they were even allowed inside this boy’s club.
The movie waves the flag equally for Detroit and the military, if to no coherent end. Last year the director of General Motors brand-marketing and advertising clarified how the company’s cars were integral to the movie: “It’s a story of good versus evil. Our cars are the good guys.” And sure enough, most of the Autobots take the shape of GM vehicles, including Ratchet (a Hummer H2) and Ironhide (a TopKick pickup truck). The only Autobot that doesn’t wear that troubled automaker’s logo is the leader, Optimus Prime (a generic 18-wheeler tractor). Maybe that’s because the company didn’t want to be represented by a character that promises to blow itself up for the greater good, as Optimus does, especially one based on a child’s toy.
Photo
In Transformers, the Autobots turn into American cars and trucks. Credit Robert Zuckerman/DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures
Shape-shifters of another kind, Hollywood action movies bend this way and that politically in a bid to please as many viewers as possible, but they almost always play out exactly the same, as entertaining violence leads to heroic individualism leads to the restoration of order. “Transformers” is no different, even if it does offer chewy distraction for the bored viewer: the would-be suicide bomber, American soldiers tearing it up in the Middle East while American cars keep up the fight at home, along with plugs for Burger King, Lockheed Martin, Mountain Dew and the Department of Defense. Why there’s even a president who asks for a Ding Dong. He’s wearing red socks like a big old clown, but no one really laughs.
“Transformers” is rated PG-13 (Parents strongly cautioned.) Lots of bang and boom; little to no blood.
TRANSFORMERS
Opens today nationwide.
Directed by Michael Bay ; written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman, based on a story by John Rogers, Mr. Orci and Mr. Kurtzman and Hasbro’s Transformers action figures; director of photography, Mitchell Amundsen; edited by Paul Rubell, Glen Scantlebury and Thomas A. Muldoon; music by Steve Jablonsky; production designer, Jeff Mann; special visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic; produced by Don Murphy, Tom DeSanto, Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Ian Bryce; released by DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures. Running time: 144 minutes.
WITH: Shia LaBeouf (Sam Witwicky), Tyrese Gibson (Technical Sergeant Epps), Josh Duhamel (Captain Lennox), Anthony Anderson (Glen Whitmann), Megan Fox (Mikaela Banes), Rachael Taylor (Maggie Madsen), John Turturro (Agent Simmons) and Jon Voight (Defense Secretary John Keller).
WITH THE VOICES OF: Peter Cullen (Optimus Prime), Hugo Weaving (Megatron), Mark Ryan (Bumblebee), Jess Harnell (Ironhide/Barricade), Robert Foxworth (Ratchet), Jimmie Wood (Bonecrusher), Darius McCrary (Autobot Jazz), Charlie Adler (Starscream) and Reno Wilson (Decepticon Frenzy).
Transformers
Writers Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman
Stars Shia LaBeouf, Megan Fox, Josh Duhamel
Rating PG-13
| i don't know |
Peter Kay, as 'Geraldine McQueen', recorded 'I Know Him So Well' for Comic Relief last year in a duet with which singer? | Comic Relief 2011: Susan Boyle surprise duet of I Know Him So Well with Peter Kay helps raise £42m by 10pm | Daily Mail Online
comments
She's long held Elaine Paige as her musical hero - and now Susan Boyle has become something of a hero herself for helping raise a staggering amount of money for Comic Relief by covering one of her songs.
The former Britain's Got Talent star, 49, made a surprise appearance on tonight's Red Nose Day extravaganza on BBC1 singing I Know Him So Well with Peter Kay, 37, in his Geraldine McQueen incarnation from his spoof Britain's Got The Pop Factor...On Ice.
The duet was previously recorded by Elaine and Barbara Dickson from the musical Chess and was a Number One hit for four weeks in 1985.
Scroll down to see Elaine and Barbara's original performance...
Game for a laugh: Susan Boyle and Peter Kay covered Elaine Paige and Barbara Dickson's I Know Him So Well for Red Nose Day
On song: The pair's hilarious performance boosted the Comic Relief coffers to a massive £42m by 10pm
Funny for money: Some of the bits of the spoof were spot on when it came to the original 1985 video of the Number One hit
Susan and Peter hilariously spoofed the original video of the song, which was written by Tim Rice along with Abba's Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaes.
RELATED ARTICLES
Share this article
Share
Susan and Peter's version meanwhile goes on sale on Monday to raise even more money for Comic Relief.
In a nod to the original video in all its Eighties glory, Susan has an enormous perm which keeps getting bigger, and at one point, the pair cook toast over an open fire.
In harmony: The pair actually turned out a sterling cover of the song, originally from the Tim Rice and Abba Eighties musical Chess
Hair raising: Susan's normally modest curls kept increasing during the course of the spoof video
Red hot performance: Viewers appeared to adore the pair's version of I Know Him So Well and donated in their droves
After the pair finished singing, they were seen emerging from the studio and walking down a corridor at BBC's Television Centre, where Susan was heard saying to Peter: 'Hurry up then, I want a cup of tea.'
Peter then replies: 'Alright, keep your hair on' - at which point they both take off wigs to reveal shiny bald heads underneath.
Wigging out: Susan and Peter were definitely being funny for money during their dazzling duet
Song take-off: Susan and Peter appeared to have a great laugh making the video for their version of I Know Him So Well
Moments later, presenters Fearne Cotton and Lenny Henry revealed that aftere just three hours on air, Susan and Peter's performance had boosted the sum total to a whopping £42m.
The single and a DVD of their version of I Know Him So Well goes on sale on Monday.
| Susan Boyle |
Which 1982 play by Michael Frayn shows three stages in the development of the play 'Nothing On'? | Comic Relief : definition of Comic Relief and synonyms of Comic Relief (English)
Website
Comic Relief is an operating British charity, founded in 1985 by the comedy scriptwriter Richard Curtis and comedian Lenny Henry in response to famine in Ethiopia . [1] The highlight of Comic Relief's appeal is Red Nose Day, a biennial telethon held in March, alternating with sister project Sport Relief . Comic Relief is one of the two high profile telethon events held in the United Kingdom, the other being Children in Need , held annually in November.
Comic Relief was launched live on Noel Edmonds ' Late, Late Breakfast Show on BBC1 , on Christmas Day 1985 from a refugee camp in Sudan. The idea for Comic Relief came from the noted charity worker Jane Tewson , who established it as the operating name of Charity Projects, a registered charity in England [2] and Scotland. [3]
The charity states that its aim is to "bring about positive and lasting change in the lives of poor and disadvantaged people, which we believe requires investing in work that addresses people's immediate needs as well as tackling the root causes of poverty and injustice.". [4]
One of the fundamental principles behind working at Comic Relief is the "Golden Pound Principle" where every single donated pound (£) is spent on charitable projects. All operating costs , such as staff salaries , are covered by corporate sponsors , or interest earned on money waiting to be distributed.
Currently, its main supporters are the BBC , BT and Sainsbury's supermarket chain. The BBC is responsible for the live television extravaganza on Red Nose Day; BT provides the telephony, and Sainsbury's sells merchandise on behalf of the charity. Since the charity was launched in 1985, Comic Relief has raised over £ 750 million. [5]
Critics of Comic Relief and other BBC charity events say[ citation needed ] that the BBC is diverting funds from well established charities and smaller charities, there is no accountability for who decides on where the money is held or spent[ citation needed ], and the main beneficiary is the BBC – goodwill and free programming – the bankers who hold the funds – and especially the celebrities promoting themselves on prime-time TV for free. The July 2010 accounts for charity registration 326568[ citation needed ] show grant payments of £59 million pounds, net assets of £135 million pounds, with an investment portfolio held in a range of managed pooled funds and fixed term deposits. The average fulltime staff was 214, with 14 staff paid over £60,000 with remuneration for the year, excluding pensions, for Kevin Cahill, Chief Executive of £120,410.
In 2002, Comic Relief and BBC Sport teamed up to create Sport Relief , a new initiative, aiming to unite the sporting community and culminate in a night of sport, entertainment and fund-raising on BBC One. Sport Relief is a biennial charity event, and the campaign deliberately alternates years with Red Nose Day, Comic Relief's flagship event. Red Nose Day occurs in odd-numbered years, and Sport Relief in even-numbered years.
In 2009, Comic Relief launched a website calling for a financial transaction tax, the "Robin Hood" tax.
Contents
13 External links
Red Nose Day history
Red Nose Day is the main way in which Comic Relief raises money. The first Red Nose Day (RND) was held on 5 February 1988 and since then they have been on the second or third Friday in March. RND 2011 was on 18 March. Red Nose Day is often treated as a semi- holiday [ citation needed ]; for example, many schools have non- uniform days. The day culminates in a live telethon event on BBC One, starting in the evening and going through into the early hours of the morning, but other money-raising events take place. As the name suggests, the day involves the wearing of plastic/foam red noses which are available, in exchange for a donation, from Sainsbury's and Oxfam shops.
On television
The television programming begins in the afternoon, with CBBC having various related reports, money-raising events and celebrity gunging . This is all in-between the regular programmes, but after the six o'clock news , the normal BBC One schedule is suspended at 7 pm in favour of a live show, with a break at 10 pm for the regular news programme . Whilst the BBC News at Ten is aired on BBC One, Comic Relief continues on BBC Two , and then resumes on BBC One at 10:35 pm, with each hour overseen by a different celebrity team. These celebrities do the work for free, as do the crew, with studio space and production facilities donated by the BBC.
Regular themes throughout the shows include parodies of recent popular shows, films and events, and specially filmed versions of comedy shows. Smith and Jones , and a parody sketch starring Rowan Atkinson are both regularly featured – the first being Blackadder: The Cavalier Years (1988).
1980s and 1990s
1988
The First Red nose day was held on Friday 5th February 1988 with the Slogan: “The Plain Red Nose”
1989
The Second Red nose day was held on Friday 10th March 1989 with the Slogan: “Red Nose Day 2”
1991
The Third Red nose day was held on Friday 15th March 1991, with the slogan “The Stonker”
1993
The Fourth Red nose day was held on Friday 12th March 1993 with the slogan “The Invasion of the Comic Tomatoes”
1995
The Firth Red Nose day was held on Friday 17th March 1995, with the slogan “What A Difference A Day Makes”
1997 event
The 1997 "Red Nose Day" event, held on 14 March, Its Slogan for the year was “Small Change – Big Difference" and raised over £27m for charitable causes. [6] The Spice Girls song " Who Do You Think You Are " became the official Comic Relief single of this event and sold 672,577 copies. [7]
1999 event
The 1999 "Red Nose Day" was held on 12 March and raised over £35m. [8] A parody of the Doctor Who series, Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death , starring Rowan Atkinson as the Doctor , was featured during the show, as was Wetty Hainthropp Investigates, a Victoria Wood parody of Hetty Wainthropp Investigates .
On Radio 1, Simon Mayo set the record of 37 hours of consecutive broadcasting (which was later broken in March 2011 by Chris Moyles on the same station for 52 hours, " BBC Radio 1's Longest Show Ever with Chris Moyles and Comedy Dave for Comic Relief ", the world record for the longest show in radio history). The 1999 Comic Relief song was "When the Going Gets Tough" by Boyzone
2000s
2001 event
The 2001 "Red Nose Day" was held on 16 March. The total raised was £61,000,140.[ citation needed ] As well as donations on the night of the TV show, money is raised from countrywide sponsored events and from merchandising , particularly of the red noses themselves. 5.8 million red noses were sold,[ citation needed ] approximately one tenth of the UK population. The final of Celebrity Big Brother 2001 aired as well.
2003 event
The 2003 "Red Nose Day" was held on 14 March. The fund raising activities included Lenny Henry providing the voice of the speaking clock between 10 and 23 March with the cost of the call going to Comic Relief. On the night of the live show itself, £35m was raised, an on-the-night record.[ citation needed ] A total of £61,477,539 was raised that year, setting a new record.[ citation needed ]
Jack Dee stood outside at the top of a pole for the duration of the show, parodying the acts of David Blaine . Celebrity Driving School led up to the event, with the test results announced during the telethon: they all failed.
The hosts of "Red Nose Day" 2003 were:
2005's telethon, more than any other, severely overran[ citation needed ] and many pre-filmed segments were cut short, including Harry Hill's TV Burp , Smith and Jones , and Lenny Henry as Condoleezza Rice . The uncut versions have never been screened.
McFly released the official single, a double A-side of " All About You/You've Got a Friend " which reached Number 1 in the UK singles chart, and also Number 1 in the Irish singles chart. The cover is predominantly red and features the members of McFly dressed in red, wearing red noses, in honour of Red Nose Day.
Raised by March 2006: £65 m.[ citation needed ]
2007 event
Main article: Red Nose Day 2007
2007's Red Nose Day was held on 16 March. Its tagline is "The Big One" which is also representative of the novelty nose. Walkers , Kleenex and Andrex also promoted the charity, as well as Sainsbury's.
Some of the sketches shown were: The Vicar of Dibley . [9] Also intended to be shown was A Question of Comedy, a comedy quiz utilising the format (and set) of A Question of Sport , and hosted by Jack Dee , with team captains Frank Skinner , Dara Ó Briain , [10] and Mr. Bean and guests including Jade Goody . However, in light of the Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy involving Goody, the pre-recorded segment was scrapped by BBC producers. [11] [12]
In the lead up to Red Nose Day many different fund raising events occurred:
Beginning Friday 9 March 2007, the BBC Radio 1 breakfast team staged a tour around the UK entitled The Chris Moyles Rallyoke. The tour involved seven Karaoke nights held in a well known UK location featuring members of the public and well known celebrities and music artists. Most Radio 1 shows report on their progress, and hold competitions to win tickets to be at the final on Red Nose Day, and also to win the contents of a truck donated by various celebrities. As well as raising money at each event, the profit of the phone-in competitions go to Comic Relief making a total of £ 600,000 [13]
Televised events included a third series of Comic Relief Does Fame Academy , and a celebrity version of The Apprentice entitled Comic Relief Does The Apprentice has also been screened. Also a special hybrid of Top of the Pops and Top Gear titled Top Gear of the Pops was made for Red Nose Day. It featured its presenters Jeremy Clarkson , Richard Hammond and James May singing with Justin Hawkins , as well as Top Gear segments such as The Cool Wall.
Fund raising merchandise sold during the 2007 campaign included the Big One (Red Nose) itself, ' Walkears ', an Andrex Puppy with a red nose, a special Little Britain Live DVD and the official single, which was a cover of Aerosmith 's 'Walk This Way' sung by Girls Aloud and Sugababes .
The last episode of the Vicar of Dibley was aired as part of the show, starring the usual cast. It featured Sting taking part with a celebrity and non-entity television show, swapping wives with the vicar's husband Harry.
The special Little Britain Live featured famous people such as: Dennis Waterman , Chris Moyles , Jonathan Ross , Kate Moss and Russell Brand . Kate Moss played a chav , Russell Brand played a transvestite , and both Chris Moyles and Jonathan Ross were brought on as either small parts, or people who came up to the audience to be embarrassed .
There were several sketches from Catherine Tate : in which David Tennant (who she would work with again a year later in Doctor Who, which is referenced to & joked about within the sketch) became a school teacher; Daniel Craig fell in love with Tate; mouthy teenager Lauren was given work experience at 10 Downing Street , leading to Tony Blair using her catchphrase "Am I bovvered?"; and foul-mouthed "Nan" appeared with Noel Edmonds on Deal or No Deal .
To gain additional money, Peter Kay and Matt Lucas released a cover of The Proclaimers hit, I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) , and released it as a single 'I Would Roll (500 Miles)' (both were playing wheelchair bound characters from Little Britain and Phoenix Nights ). It also featured numerous celebrity guests.
There was also a live show from The Mighty Boosh .
2009 event
Main article: Red Nose Day 2009
The 2009 event took place on Friday 13 March 2009. Fundraisers had three different nose designs to choose from: "this one", "that one" and "the other one" – all with different facial expressions. The Saturdays provided the official single, a cover of ' Just Can't Get Enough '.
A variety of events and promotions took place in the run up to the big day. Comic Relief's Chief Executive announced that the UK's landmarks were going red before the big day. Claudia Winkleman and Steve Jones presented a new Comic Relief show called Let's Dance for Comic Relief . A special limited edition Mr. Men book, Mr. Funny's Red Nose Day, [14] went on sale with £2 from the sale of each book going to Comic Relief. Between 3 February and 23 March 2009, Kimberley Walsh , Cheryl Cole , Gary Barlow , Chris Moyles , and Fearne Cotton raised money by lending their voices to the BT Speaking Clock . Dialling 123 was one of the ways BT hopes to raise more than £300,000, as the company donated 10p for each call received from a BT landline. [15] The Red Nose Climb saw nine celebrities successfully scale the peak of Kilimanjaro at 19,330 feet (5,890 m) to reach the summit of Africa's highest mountain to raise money for Comic Relief. [16] On 27 February 2009, Gary Barlow , Ronan Keating , Chris Moyles , Ben Shephard , Cheryl Cole , Kimberley Walsh , Denise Van Outen , Fearne Cotton , and Alesha Dixon set off to Tanzania to tackle Mount Kilimanjaro with project manager and guide Jeremy Gane of Charity Challenge . The Climb has already raised in excess of £3.3 million with over £1.8 million coming from the audience of Radio 1 (a record for the station). All nine celebrities reached the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro on Saturday 7 March 2009. Cheryl Cole, Fearne Cotton, Denise Van Outen and Ben Shephard reached the summit first at sunrise, followed closely by Ronan Keating and Gary Barlow .
The following took place during the live broadcast on the night:
David Tennant and Davina McCall presented the first hour of the main live Comic Relief show.
Main article: Red Nose Day 2011
The 2011 event took place on Friday 18 March 2011. A staggering amount was raised on the night, reaching a record-breaking £74.3 million, the highest ever 'on the night' total.
The evening was hosted by Lenny Henry , Fearne Cotton , James Corden , Davina McCall , Michael McIntyre , Graham Norton , Jack Whitehall , Kevin Bridges , Claudia Winkleman and Jonathan Ross . Whitehall and Bridges hosted the late night show with some of their favourite comedy clips in their Comic Relief Late Night Lock In. Pieces included Harry Hill (an Autumnwatch-based update of the Goodies episode "Scatty Safari"), James Corden as Smithy, a crossover between Miranda and Pineapple Dance Studios , the cast of Outnumbered , The Inbetweeners Rude Road Trip, Geraldine McQueen duetting with Susan Boyle , Goldie Lookin' Chain 's Newport State Of Mind, a celebrity chef-themed episode of The Choir , the premiere of the Comic Relief video for Take That 's single Happy Now , Armstrong and Miller , a preview presentation of Chris Lilley 's Angry Boys , a special edition of Alan Partridge's Mid-Morning Matters , and Uptown Downstairs Abbey – a parody from Jennifer Saunders and Adrian Edmondson (produced in the style of French and Saunders ) including appearances by Victoria Wood , Harry Enfield , Joanna Lumley , Patrick Barlow , Dale Winton , Olivia Colman , Tim Vine , Simon Callow and the voices of Michael Gambon and Harry Hill . As well as comedy shows, special canonical mini-episodes of EastEnders and Doctor Who were also aired. Musical guests included Adele , Annie Lennox , Elbow , JLS , Take That , The Wanted , and The Axis of Awesome . The event included many other famous figures including Ross Kemp , Gordon Brown , Sebastian Coe , David Cameron , Rio Ferdinand , Paul McCartney and many more.
In addition to the continued absence of Rowan Atkinson, two more prominent supporters of the charity were absent for the 2011 – this was the first ever Comic Relief event to feature no input from Dawn French, and the first for over ten years to feature no input from Matt Lucas. Similarly, several other frequent contributors from previous years appeared only in appeal films or as part of the 24 Hour Panel People event. Lenny Henry however finally returned after an absence to perform comedic material.
TV & Radio programmes that led up to the main event include:
Radio 1's Longest Show Ever with Chris Moyles and Comedy Dave for Comic Relief
Snack food manufacturer, Walkers created four new crisps flavours for Comic Relief 2011. Each flavour is named after a British comedian; Frank Skinner's Roast Dinner , Jimmy Con Carrne , Steak and Al Pie and Stephen Fry Up . [18] The Wanted released the official comic relief 2011 single "Gold Forever" on 13 March. Other Comic Relief singles include George Michael 's cover of the 1987 song " True Faith " by New Order and the Take That song " Happy Now " featuring Take That and Fake That consisting of David Walliams , James Corden , John Bishop , Alan Carr and Catherine Tate . [19] More than a hundred celebrities are to be involved in "Twit Relief", an event on Twitter. [20] Lord Prescott is going to read the Shipping Forecast on BBC Radio 4 to raise money for Comic Relief on Saturday 19 March 2011 at approximately 00:48. British Airways set a new Guinness World Record for 'highest stand up comedy gig in the world' in support of Red Nose Day 2011 , with Dara Ó Briain , Jack Whitehall and Jon Richardson . The airline raised £800,747 for Comic Relief through their charity partnership 'Flying Start'.
Presenters
Past Red Nose Days
Merchandise
Various items of merchandise have been sold to promote and raise money for Comic Relief. In 1991, The Totally Stonking, Surprisingly Educational And Utterly Mindboggling Comic Relief Comic was published by Fleetway . Conceived, plotted and edited by Neil Gaiman , Richard Curtis , Grant Morrison and Peter K. Hogan , it featured contributions from a vast array of British comics talent, including Jamie Delano , Garth Ennis , Dave Gibbons , Mark Millar , Simon Bisley , Mark Buckingham , Steve Dillon , D'Israeli , Jamie Hewlett and Bryan Talbot . ( Alan Moore , arguably Britain's most famous comics writer, was not credited as working on the book having sworn never to work for Fleetway again, but was said [21] to have worked with partner Melinda Gebbie on her pages.) The comic was unique in that it featured appearances by characters from across the spectrum of comics publishers, including Marvel and DC superheroes, Beano , Dandy , Eagle and Viz characters, Doctor Who , the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , in addition to a cavalcade of British comedy figures (both real and fictional). These were all linked by the twin framing narratives of the Comic Relief night itself, and the tale of "Britain's meanest man" Sir Edmund Blackadder being persuaded to donate money to the event. The comic "sold out in minutes", raising over £40,000[ citation needed ] for the charity, and is now a highly prized collectors' item. Comic Relief have also sold Fairtrade Cotton Socks from a number of vendors. This is mainly for their Sport Relief charity.
In 1993 a computer platform game was released, called Sleepwalker . The game featured voice overs from Lenny Henry and Harry Enfield , and several other references to Comic Relief and tomatoes; the theme for the 1993 campaign.
In 2001 J. K. Rowling wrote two books for Comic Relief based on her famous Harry Potter series, entitled "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" and "Quidditch Through the Ages".
In 2007, Walkers complemented the usual merchandise by adding their own take on the red nose, promoting red ears instead. The large ears, dubbed 'Walk-ears', are based on a very old joke involving the actual ears of ex-footballer Gary Lineker , who has fronted their ad campaign since the early 1990s. Walkers previously promoted the charity in 2005, making four limited edition unusual crisp flavours.
The 2007 game for Red Nose Day, “Let it Flow”, could be played online . This game was developed by Matmi, worldwide viral marketeers, and set in the African wilderness. Mischievous hyenas had messed up the water irrigation system which fed the crops. Using your brain, you had to help re-arrange the pipes to let the water flow to the crops to keep them alive. Once the pipes were arranged, you needed to operate the elephant’s trunk to pump the water through the water pipes.
For the 2007 campaign Andrex , known for their ad campaign fronted by a Labrador puppy , gave away toy puppies with red noses.
As a Supporting Partner Jackpotjoy has launched two Red Nose Day Games for Red Nose Day 2011.
The Red Nose
The most prominent symbol of Comic Relief is a plastic/foam "red nose", which is given in various supermarkets and charity shops such as Oxfam in exchange for a donation to the charity and to make others laugh. People are encouraged to wear the noses on Red Nose Day to help raise awareness of the charity. The design of the nose has been changed each year, beginning with a fairly plain one, which later grew arms, turned into a tomato and even changed colour. In 2007, the red nose was made of foam; this was to facilitate the "growing" of the nose (by rolling it in the user's hands) to keep in line with that year's tagline, The Big One. See the table below. Larger noses are also available, and are designed to be attached to the fronts of cars, buildings, and, in 2009, a 6 metre diameter inflatable nose was attached to the DFDS Seaways cruiseferry King of Scandinavia. However, the nose's material used for buildings was classed as a fire hazard. and was banned from the Comic Relief Does Fame Academy shows.
Chronology of noses
As of 2011, there have been 17 different Red noses over 13 Comic Relief shows. (Three noses were used for 2009 & 2011).
Year
That One
The Other One
Three noses were available. Nose 1 (This One) had a big smile with mouth open. Nose 2 (That One) had glasses on and a smile with the teeth closed. Nose 3 (The Other One) had a shocked look.
All three came with six stickers depicting each of the noses, the RND 09 logo and tag-line "Do something funny for money"; a sticker to introduce your nose by name, which said, "Hello, my nose is:" shortly followed by a blank to write in a name; and a small booklet of nose-related jokes.
2011
Monster Noses
There were three different 'monster noses' for RND 2011. Their names were Honkus, who had a furry face with a large mouth with sharp teeth and small eyes near the top of the head. Chucklechomp, who had small round spectacles and a large mouth, and Captain Conk who was roughly based on a pirate with a black skull and crossbones bandana and an eyepatch. Each nose came with a circular leaflet which contained monster related jokes and pictures of the three monster noses. 2011 was also the year an Augmented Reality version of the nose was created as part of the Red Nose Day website . Via a webcam the users head was converted into a giant red nose which could then be recorded as a short movie and posted to Facebook and/or YouTube.
Chronology of car noses
A selection of Red Nose Day "car noses" have been produced over the years, to show support for the charity while out on the road. They have traditionally been a curved nose which attaches to the car's radiator grille. In 2009, this was replaced with a magnetic design owing to safety concerns. [22] The original grill-attachable design returned for 2011, for the first time since 1999. [23]
Year
A red plastic nose with hands, which attached to the car's radiator grille at the front.
1993
The Tomato Nose
A red plastic nose with a green tomato stalk, which attached to the car's radiator grille at the front with cable ties.
1997
The Aerial Nose
A small red plastic nose which attached to the car's aerial. This nose was sold in Texaco fuel stations.
1999
The Hands Nose
Another red plastic nose with hands and '1999' in golden adhesive numbers, which attached to the car's radiator grille at the front with cable ties.
2001
The Big Sticky Car Nose
A small plastic nose with wings, synonymous to The Spirit of Ecstasy hood ornament on Rolls-Royce cars, for attaching to the car's bonnet with a suction cup on the base. The Big Sticky Nose featured a face designed by Aardman animators, the creators of Wallace and Gromit.
2003
The Hairy Air Freshener Nose
A small plastic nose with a smiley face and red tuft of hair, attached to the driver's rear-view mirror .
2005
The Air Freshener Nose
A small plastic nose with a smiley face and colourful koosh-like elastic hair, for attaching to the driver's rear-view mirror.
2007
Big Smelly Nose Balls
Two furry air freshener noses with black spectacles, which dangled from the driver's rear-view mirror, synonymous with furry dice from the 1950s.
2009
The Magnetic Nose
A thin and flat magnetic nose, with a grinning face, which attached magnetically to the car's bonnet.
2011
The Monster Nose
A return to the curved plastic nose, featuring a monster face, which attached to the car's radiator grille at the front with cable ties.
Comic Relief charity singles
In April 1986 the first Comic Relief charity single was released. It featured Cliff Richard and the cast of The Young Ones in a rendition of "Living Doll".
Some of the money raised from the sale of each single is donated to Comic Relief. Normally a song is released just before the official Red Nose Day . There have been exceptions, such as "(I want to be) Elected" which was released to coincide with the 1992 UK general election . Before 1995's song, they were all more-or-less comedy records, mostly involving an actual band or singer, and a comedy group. From 1995 on, they have been generally more serious, although the videos still feature comical moments.
2003 saw a return to the format of old. From 2005 onwards, two comic relief songs have been released each red nose day, a song by a mainstream artist, and a comedy song.
In 1991 music video was created called Helping Hands which included numerous children's TV puppet personalities, including characters from 'The House of Gristle', 'Fraggle Rock', 'Rainbow', 'Roland Rat', 'Thunderbirds', 'Round the Bend', 'Bill & Ben', 'The Gophers', 'Spitting Image', 'Jim Hensons Tale of the Bunny Picnic' and more. The song was never released.
Release
Susan Boyle & Geraldine McQueen
No.11 ( Week end 27th)
^1 "Is This the Way to Amarillo", though released expressly with the intent of proceeds going to Comic Relief, was not an official Comic Relief single. The song was originally performed by Peter Kay (lipsynching to Tony Christie 's voice) during the evening, and was later released as a single. It was the number one single for seven weeks, and in its first week it outsold the rest of the Top 20 combined.
^2 In 2007, a version of The Proclaimers song "500 Miles", released on 19 March, featured Peter Kay and Matt Lucas as their wheelchair-user characters Brian Potter and Andy Pipkin . Before its official release, the song reached Number 3 based on downloads alone. The single reached Number one on 25 March, knocking official Comic Relief single "Walk This Way" off the top spot.
^3 In 2009, the comedy release took prominence over the single release by a mainstream recording artist. Gavin and Stacey 's Ruth Jones and Rob Brydon covered "Islands in the Stream" for the event, with this being released on the week of Comic Relief. The Saturdays released their record a week earlier.
In addition, the first Red Nose Day Schools' song ('Make Someone Happy') was published in 2007. A CD of the song, together with backing tracks and fundraising ideas was sent free of charge to all primary schools in the UK in February by the education music publisher 'Out of the Ark Music'. Schools will be free to use the song in assemblies, singathons, or other fundraising activities. A second Red Nose Day Song has been released for every school in the UK to use free of charge. It can be downloaded from the Red Nose Day 09 website, or watched on YouTube, and a copy is being sent to every primary school in the UK. It has again been published by "Out of the Ark" music, and contains a more upbeat melody than the 2007 song. It was recorded at Hook Studios, Hook , Surrey, by the Out of the Ark Choir, which is completely made up of children. The children in the video wear Stella McCartney 's special edition Comic Relief T-Shirts, and has been filmed in black and white so only the red stands out.
Criticisms
There has been some concern about the lack of gender equality in the causes supported by Comic Relief, with much funding going to politicised women's charities or charities focusing on females. Writing in The Spectator Ross Clark raised the question, "why do all these women’s charities ... feel the need to disguise their fundraising in the pratfest that is Comic Relief rather than appealing directly to the public?" He added, "are they worried that if the British public realised where their money was going they would be less inclined to be so generous?" [25]
There is also concern over adverts for unpaid interns to work alongside highly paid BBC and Comic Relief staff. [26]
The British Stammering Association criticised comedian Lenny Henry for his opening sketch for the 2011 Comic Relief, during which he spoofed the film The King's Speech and grew impatient with Colin Firth 's portrayal of King George VI as he stammered over his speech. The Sun reported that the British Stammering Association had branded the sketch as "a gross and disgusting gleefulness at pointing out someone else's misfortune". [27] [28]
Similar events outside the United Kingdom
United States
Inspired by the British charity, a United States Comic Relief charity was founded in 1986 by Bob Zmuda .
Comic Relief is an irregularly held event, televised on Home Box Office (HBO), which has raised and distributed nearly US$50 million toward providing health care services to homeless people throughout the United States. Comedians Robin Williams , Billy Crystal , and Whoopi Goldberg are hosts of the event.
The 1989 HBO Comic Relief show debuted the song " Mr. President ", written by Joe Sterling , Ray Reach and Mike Loveless . The song was sung by Al Jarreau and Natalie Cole .
On 18 November 2006, the event was revived as a fundraiser for those affected by Hurricane Katrina , and was simulcast on TBS . [29]
Richard Curtis also created the Idol Gives Back special for American Idol , which follows the same basic premise as Comic Relief, with specially filmed shorts, performances and footage of the stars of the show visiting impoverished countries.
Australia
In 1988, the Red Nose Day concept was adopted by the SIDS and Kids organisation to help raise funds for research into sudden infant death syndrome . Since then, Red Nose Day in Australia is held annually on the last Friday of June. [30]
An Australian version of Comic Relief, Comic Relief Australia, has also been set up. [31] It plans to divide the money raised between Australian causes (at least 40%) and overseas charities largely in Asia Pacific (at least 40%).[ citation needed ]
Following a campaign encouraging people to buy articles such as red wristbands, the first telethon -style event was held on 6 November 2005 on the Seven Network . It followed the established format, with comedy interspersed with examples of the sorts of charities to benefit. According to its website, this raised over AUS $800,000. Another telethon was broadcast on 27 November 2006 on Seven Network . The 2006 Comic Relief Show was held under the title '50 Years of Laughs' celebrating 50 years of Television in Australia. It was hosted by Colin Lane , and featured presenters such as Amanda Keller , Mikey Robbins , Ugly Dave Grey and Derryn Hinch interviewing Kylie Mole .
Germany
The German TV station Pro 7 initiated a similar event in 2003. By selling red noses, money is collected for the charity foundations PowerChild, Deutsche Kinder- und Jugendstiftung (lit., German Child and Youth Foundation), and Comic Relief. The event is called 'Red Nose Day', and took place annually in March or April from 2003 to 2006. However ratings and the collected donations fell way short of expectations in 2006, resulting in no main show being produced in 2007 and 2008. In 2003, Nena (who is famous for her hit song 99 Red Balloons) released an updated version of her song Wunder Gescheh'n (miracles happen) for the charity. In 2010, the Red Nose Day returned on Pro7. It took place on 25 November.
Russia
A similar charity campaign, entitled "Red Nose, Kind Heart", was launched in Russia on 1 April 2007. The main goal of the drive, held between 1 April and 19 May 2007 by the Liniya Zhizni (Life Line) foundation, is raising money to help children afflicted with serious diseases (such as heart diseases).
Finland
In 2002, the Finnish national broadcaster YLE started an annual charity event, which initially went under the title "Ylen hyvä". In 2007, the event adopted the name "Nenäpäivä" (Nose day), and the use of red noses to more closely follow the example of the British event.
Iceland
Dagur rauða nefsins (Red Nose Day) has been held in support of UNICEF since 2006. It has featured the sale of red noses to raise funds and has enjoyed support and publicity from many local celebrities and televised events on the national broadcaster, RÚV
See also
| i don't know |
What is the family name of the mother of the former Tennis players Emilio Sanchez and his sister Aranxta? | Arantxa Sanchez Vicario: Tennis star slams parents for 'taking £37m fortune' | Daily Mail Online
comments
Former tennis star Arantxa Sanchez Vicario is embroiled in a bitter feud with her parents whom she blames for leaving her struggling with debt.
The 40-year-old has publicly accused her family of taking the £37million fortune she made during a career in which she won four Grand Slam singles tournaments.
Sanchez Vicario, now 40, made the sensational claims in a new autobiography titled Vamos! Memoirs Of A Struggle, A Life and A Woman.
Flying the flag: Arantxa Sanchez Vicario speaking last week in Moscow ahead of the Federation Cup match between Spain - who she was captaining - and Russia
Arantxa Sanchez Vicario, right, is congratulated by Steffi Graf (left) after winning the Ladies Singles final at the Wimbledon tennis championships in 1996 - she accumulated an estimated £37m fortune during her career
Her parents Emilio Sanchez and Marisa Vicario Rubio have immediately hit back, however, accusing her of lying and showing no concern for her father, who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
In the autobiography, published this week in Spain, the ex-player wrote: 'My parents behaviour has made me suffer a lot.
RELATED ARTICLES
Share this article
Share
'In recent months I have lived through situations so difficult that there are still times when I think it is a nightmare.
All kisses: Arantxa Sanchez-Vicario is congratulated by her parents Emilio Sanchez and Marisa Vicario Rubio after winning the French Open in 1994
'The truth is the relationship with my family is nonexistent. How is it possible that everything I obtained has disappeared, does not exist? I am the victim and the cheated one.
'They have left me with nothing, I'm indebted to the tax office. Now I am without resources. Can I accept this abuse and keep quiet? I'm not going to do so.'
Sanchez Vicario became the youngest winner of a women's Grand Slam singles tournament when she beat Steffi Graf in the final of the 1989 French Open aged 17.
She went on to win the Paris tournament twice more and also won the US Open in 1994. She lost both her Wimbledon singles finals to Graff, in 1995 and 1996.
Playing doubles: Arantxa Sanchez Vicario and husband Jose Santacana with Emilio Vicario and Marisa Sanchez at a gala dinner in Barcelona in October 2008
Before retiring in 2002 she won £10million in prize-money and claims to have earned another £27million in sponsorship deals.
But she claims her domineering parents kept close control of her finances, giving her a monthly allowance, and her mother decided on her clothes and hairstyles.
The former women's world number one, from Barcelona, says she trusted her father to run her financial affairs. But the mother-of-two claims she is now struggling to pay a massive tax debt.
In December 2009 she was ordered to pay the Spanish taxman £3million she allegedly owed from her earnings from 1989 and 1993.
Sad farewell: Sanchez Vicario says goodbye as she retires from competitive tennis in December 2002
The tennis player had claimed residence in the neighbouring tax haven of Andorra, but Spain's Supreme Court ruled she was in fact a resident of Spain.
Her mother responded to the accusations in the book by releasing a long statement to the press - revealing the star's father is suffering from cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
The statement said: 'With enormous surprise and great pain I learned that our daughter Arantxa has taken another step in her intention of hurting us and humiliating us.
'We have not received a single visit from our daughter. Not a single trace of concern. Not even a "how are you?"
'Now we have received the news that a book has come out in which Arantxa attacks the family and undermining our reputation.
'That really is tough, not the cancer or the Alzheimer's, nothing can hurt parents more than than a child accusing them of wrongdoing.
'For 20 years we lived for her. We left everything else aside and we jeopardised our lives and our marriage. I personally accompanied her from a very young age to all her tournaments. It's clear we failed with her.'
Sanchez Vicario is currently in Russia as captain of the Spanish women's team in the Fed Cup.
| Vicario |
What is the English name for the Wagner opera 'Gotterdammerung'? | Profile: Advantage, JoAnne Russell - Gulfshore Life - May 2015 - Naples, FL
Profile: Advantage, JoAnne Russell
Edit Module Show Tags
Profile: Advantage, JoAnne Russell
Once the 11th-ranked player in women’s tennis, JoAnne Russell has scored here as an upbeat tennis instructor and fiery competitor on the court.
By Cayla Stanley
Fresh off the win against the higher-ranked Sylvia Hanika that put her in the 1982 Wimbledon quarterfinals, tennis star JoAnne Russell walked into the post-match press conference with a smile a mile wide.
Little did she know, her opponent had just moodily stated she didn’t think Russell could best the next challenge of one Martina Navratilova. What did she think about the statement? Russell was asked.
She just leaned into the microphone and said of Hanika, toying, “I’ve got a better chance than she does!”
“That’s the quintessential Russ story,” says her friend and NBC sportscaster Mary Carillo, a resident former pro, herself.
Russell is full of spark, from that mile-wide smile down to her lime-laced tennis shoes. She sports both at a recent Fun Friday clinic—a group lesson where she teaches at Naples’ Grey Oaks Country Club—her top and ruffled skirt matching her men’s Asics. A month after cataract surgery, she’s no longer rocking the coke-bottle glasses she used to wear.
A lot of skilled players won’t play at night because they can’t see, says JoAnne’s teaching partner and close friend Samantha Ardenfriend-
Samotin, but: “JoAnne doesn’t care—she can’t see ever. She just plays. She’s an animal. She’s an alien.”
While an anomalous number of tennis greats have chosen Southwest Florida to settle down—Emilio Sánchez Vicario, Pavel Složil, Johan Kriek—Russell, with a 1977 Wimbledon doubles championship among her 13-year pro tour accomplishments, got her start right here.
She still hits from time to time on the same cracked backboard at Cambier Park she practiced on for hours as a child, back when it was just a couple of cement courts and coin-fed lighting. Her parents, who helped develop Cambier through the Naples Tennis Club, loved the sport. Her three siblings played. She wanted to be as good as her older cousin Margie. When she was 6 or 7, a big-time local Realtor who had come from the then-tennis-hotbed of St. Louis gave her and her siblings lessons. By the time she was 10, she would bike to the park from her home in the Moorings—she lives there today with her older sister, Lee—to sit and watch until a retiree would ask her to play.
“That’s why my game is the way it is—I can do a lot of things,” Russell says. “I’m a lot more creative, like, drop shot, lobbing. Those guys—that’s all they did. I had to run for everything.”
Her first big break came when pro Tommy Boys saw her win a local tournament when she was 14. “You know, your daughter could be a pro,” he told her parents.
“My dad just laughed,” Russell says. “I think I double-faulted like 25 times. I didn’t have a very good serve.”
But soon enough her parents were driving her to stay up at his house in Cape Coral with his wife and children each weekend for lessons—quite a drive when town ended at Fifth Avenue South. Boys believed in her potential so much that when Russell’s parents could no longer afford his lessons he taught her for free. Russell didn’t learn of the generosity until her first year in the pros.
“Tommy gave me an unbelievable volley—thank God for him,” Russell says, adding, “He changed me from a two to a one—I had a terrible two-handed backhand—and he made me a serve-and-volley player.”
At the top of her game, Russell ranked as the No. 11 woman singles player in the world. Today, she’ll play if a member asks, “But for fun, you won’t catch me playing singles.” Too much running, she says, though the 60-year-old who works out at 6:15 in the morning still competes with players half her age. On top of lessons and matches at Grey Oaks, she plays doubles in the Naples Pro League, in exhibition matches across the state for charities such as Wounded Warriors and the Humane Society. She gives lessons across the country through former pro Dick Stockton’s Blue Sky Foundation.
It’s clear her teaching style is a mixture of kind correction and encouragement, her whistle-while-she-works personality shining through. Observe and you’ll hear things like, “Don’t worry!” “Good point!” “Golly Moses!” and “I’ll give you another serve!” Any intimidation you feel from her reputation goes away as soon as you meet her, says Grey Oaks Director of Tennis Steve Vaughan.
“If she taught the way she played, she would make people cry,” Ardenfriend-Samotin says. In competition, you can’t hit a ball she doesn’t run down. You’re in trouble any time she gets the ball at the net. If you make a bad call, look out. If you make too many unforced errors, you’re going to hear about it. If you talk too much, she’ll tell you. And if she didn’t tap the court twice with her racquet from behind the baseline, it is definitely not OK to serve to her.
“Her playing style is—she is very aggressive,” Vaughan seconds. “She’s very confident. She’s very what we would call ‘solid,’ which means she doesn’t have big weapons but she’s solid all around. … It’s not easy to beat her by picking on a weakness or anything because there aren’t any.”
It’s the old-school game Carillo says she always wanted. Russell has to play the forehand side, the deuce side, and her partner has to play the backhand side and serve first.
But that consistency is what earned her collegiate championships; her No. 1 world ranking in doubles with Rosie Casals; her four trips to the Wimbledon quarterfinals; her one finalist run and five quarterfinalist runs in the U.S. Open; tournament wins in her 50s overseas; her Naples High School Hall of Fame, Trinity University Athletic Hall of Fame, Intercollegiate Tennis Association Women’s Collegiate Tennis Hall of Fame and Florida Tennis Hall of Fame honors. Everything except her big Wimbledon win.
“This girl [her partner, Helen Gourlay Cawley] happened to like the deuce side, which is JoAnne’s favorite, and JoAnne said, ‘OK, fine, I’ll take the other,’ and they ended up winning Wimbledon,” Vaughan says. They’d never even met prior to their pairing. “It doesn’t get better than that.”
Vaughan met Russell years ago at Naples’ Sunburst Café, introducing himself after recognizing her by a University of Illinois sweatshirt (she coached there for eight years under Sujay Lama after the two worked together under Andy Brandi at the University of Florida).
He proceeded to snag her for Grey Oaks; entice her to a club in Linville, North Carolina, during the summers; and lure her back to Grey Oaks once again following a two-year stint in Los Angeles. She’s been here ever since. She gets other offers all the time, Vaughan says, just as she did for head coach positions when assisting for Lama. But across the country or around the globe, Russell stays true to herself.
She’ll beg Tom Selleck to sign a cushion for charity, as she did in the company of sports and movie stars when she was invited by Nancy Regan to play at a Just Say No fundraiser at the White House. She’ll ignore the formality of silverware and eat fried chicken with her hands when sitting next to Jimmy Stewart, as she did when visiting the Swedish ambassador’s house with fellow pro Kathy Jordan for a World Wildlife Fund event. She’s not ashamed to admit that she has held onto tennis memorabilia; framed a Mother Goose & Grimm comic drawn for her on a piece of Styrofoam by the illustrator; and starred in a 1979 U.S. Postal Service ad after they caught wind of her stamp collection via some paperwork she filled out on tour.
For Russell, always being herself means always bettering herself. “I never ever saw her take any kind of a short cut,” says Carillo, who roomed with Russell the year she won her Wimbledon title. She was always looking for a coach who could give her one more thing. After Boys retired, Russell found the world-class Lenny Scheuermann in Baltimore, who gave her better footwork, better groundstrokes. Even now, she teases Vaughan she won’t return to Linville unless he gives her lessons on her forehand or some other skill she decides she needs help with. He does.
“You get older, you better know some strategy, because you’re not gonna overpower a younger player, you’re not gonna outlast a younger player,” Russell says. “I mean, I’m very fit, but so what? If somebody’s 30 and I’m 60, it’s not happening. I mean, maybe if you’re really bad.”
She recently became an authorized provider for cardio tennis so she can offer classes in Linville, as Ardenfriend-Samotin does at Grey Oaks. She’s taking Spanish lessons from her neighbor. She’s also learned—and taken quite a liking to—tennis’ fast-growing cousin, pickleball. Grey Oaks requested that she learn, and two weeks later she won a local tournament. Now she’s just as likely to be found playing on a pickleball court as a tennis court, and just as often trying to convince skeptics how fun it is.
Maybe Sylvia Hanika would want to play.
| i don't know |
What is the name of the accent used above the letter 'N' to make a separate letter in the Spanish alphabet? | That Squiggly Dash above an 'n'
That Squiggly Dash above an 'n'
(and its linguistic significance)
by aLfie vera mella
I have met a number of fellow Filipinos here in Canada who have changed their names by removing that squiggly dash over a letter 'n' in their surnames, because they felt that having a surname with a "weird" mark like that was a nuisance or even embarrassing. They said that they also got tired of having to explain to legitimate English speakers how to pronounce their surnames correctly. So, to solve the problem, they simply got rid of that "thingy."
I'm talking about surnames like Roño, Peñafrancia, Sobreviñas, Arañas, and Dela Peña-surnames that have a tilded 'n', or an n that has over it a diacritical mark called tilde (~). Now, what the heck is embarrassing about having a surname like those? Just because words with diacritical marks like the tilde are not originally English, that you would already feel embarrassed about having them in your surname. Pardon me, but I think removing the tilde (or any other diacritical mark for that matter) off a surname is not simply altering the linguistically correct pronunciation of the name; more than that, it's tantamount to disrespecting one's name and ancestry. Worse, it may also be seen as a display of ignorance about the significance of diacritical marks.
It's there for an important reason
The tilde (~) is a fundamental unit in written language that has several uses. One of these is being a diacritic (or diacritical mark) placed over a letter to indicate a change in pronunciation, such as nasalization. The tilded 'n' ('ñ', 'Ñ'), in particular, developed from the digraph 'nn' in Spanish. In this language, ñ is considered a separate letter called eñe, rather than a letter-diacritic combination. Borrowed from Spanish, the ñ (eñe) of the current 28-letter modern Filipino alphabet has the same function-it stands alone as a separate letter, representing a palatal-nasal type of consonant, used for some loanwords adopted from Spanish. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the symbol that represents the sound of the eñe is ?. For English speakers, the best reference to how they should pronounce the ñ in some Filipino surnames and in some English loanwords are the words canyon, lasagna, onion, and union. Furthermore, even though the English language does not consider ñ a separate unit in its 26-letter alphabet, it still recognizes as entries in its dictionary a number of loanwords that contain the so-called tilded 'n', such as El Niño ("a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon"), jalapeño ("a variety of chili pepper"), mañana habit ("procrastination"), piña colada ("a sweet, rum-based cocktail made with hard rum, coconut cream, and pineapple juice"), piñata ("a brightly-colored papier-mâché, cardboard, or clay container filled with any combination of candy, small fruit, food items, and toys"), señor ("Sir or Mr."), señora ("Mrs."), and señorita ("miss or Ms.").
Now, who said ñ, or eñe, also known as the tilded 'n', is not recognized by or does not exist in the English language? It's time to review or update your English.
The Last Leaf
So, before you remove that squiggly dash off your precious surname (in case you have it)-a name which your ancestry has preserved all this time-just because you thought that the tilde has no place in English, better think twice! You're not only disrespecting your heritage; you're also betraying your ignorance about the English language. If there's one person who should be proud of your name, it's no one else but you! And if there's someone who should feel embarrassed, it's those people whose first language is English who don't know how to pronounce your surname properly. Why? Because they do not know that English-their very own language-has long adopted as dictionary entries foreign words that have letters with diacritics like the tilde (~), acute accent (´) and grave accent (`), cedilla (¸), circumflex (ˆ), and umlaut (¨)-loanwords that include animé, exposé, résumé, café, cliché, discothèque, doppelgänger, façade, karaōke, mêlée, naïve, papier-mâché, smörgåsbord, and über.
| Ã |
Who was the ninth President of the USA, the first to die in office; his grandson was the twenty-third President? | Accent marks - definition of Accent marks by The Free Dictionary
Accent marks - definition of Accent marks by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Accent+marks
2. Medicine Diagnostic or distinctive.
n.
A mark, such as the cedilla of façade or the acute accent of résumé, added to a letter to indicate a special phonetic value or distinguish words that are otherwise graphically identical.
[Greek diakritikos, distinguishing, from diakritos, distinguished, from diakrīnein, to distinguish : dia-, apart; see dia- + krīnein, to separate; see krei- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
diacritic
(ˌdaɪəˈkrɪtɪk)
n
(Phonetics & Phonology) Also called: diacritical mark a sign placed above or below a character or letter to indicate that it has a different phonetic value, is stressed, or for some other reason
adj
(Phonetics & Phonology) another word for diacritical
[C17: from Greek diakritikos serving to distinguish, from diakrinein, from dia- + krinein to separate]
di•a•crit•ic
(ˌdaɪ əˈkrɪt ɪk)
n.
1. Also called diacrit′ical mark′. a mark, point, or sign, as a cedilla, tilde, circumflex, or macron, added or attached to a letter, as to distinguish it from another of similar form, to give it a particular phonetic value, or to indicate stress.
adj.
[1670–80; < Greek diakritikós separating]
diacritic
- From Greek diakrinein, "distinguish from," it denotes marks or signs that distinguish different values or sounds (pronunciations) of a letter.
See also related terms for signs .
diacritic
A mark attached to a letter to show a modification of sound or stress.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
diacritical mark
mark - a written or printed symbol (as for punctuation); "his answer was just a punctuation mark"
accent mark , accent - a diacritical mark used to indicate stress or placed above a vowel to indicate a special pronunciation
breve - a diacritical mark (U-shaped) placed over a vowel to indicate a short sound
cedilla - a diacritical mark (,) placed below the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced as an s
circumflex - a diacritical mark (^) placed above a vowel in some languages to indicate a special phonetic quality
hacek , wedge - a diacritical mark (an inverted circumflex) placed above certain letters (such as the letter c) to indicate pronunciation
macron - a diacritical mark (-) placed above a vowel to indicate a long sound
tilde - a diacritical mark (~) placed over the letter n in Spanish to indicate a palatal nasal sound or over a vowel in Portuguese to indicate nasalization
diaeresis , dieresis , umlaut - a diacritical mark (two dots) placed over a vowel in German to indicate a change in sound
Adj.
| i don't know |
In which city is the Reina Sofia Museum of Modern Art, founded in 1992? | History | Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía
History
Opening the Museum
When the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía opened its doors in 1990, it stood as a modern, contemporary Spanish museum on an international scale. Nevertheless, its building has gone through many challenges in order to achieve this goal.
King Felipe II first founded San Carlos Hospital – current headquarters for the museum– in the sixteenth century. It was here that all of the hospitals dispersed throughout the Court were centralized. In the eighteenth century, Carlos III decided to found another hospital, as these facilities did not meet the city’s needs. The present building is the work of architects José de Hermosilla and Francisco Sabatini, who was responsible for a large part of its construction.
In 1788, the death of Carlos III brought the building’s construction to a halt. Although a mere third of Sabatini’s project had been completed, the hospital was set up and began operations as originally planned.
From that time on, several modifications and additions were made until the hospital was shut down in 1965. Its functions were transferred to the Madrid Province Health Service. In spite of many rumors of demolition, the building’s survival was guaranteed in 1977 when it was declared a national monument by royal decree, due to its historic and artistic value.
In 1980, restoration began under the direction of Antonio Fernández Alba, and in April 1986 the Reina Sofia Art Center opened. Its ground and first floors were used as temporary exhibition galleries. Towards the end of 1988, architects José Luis Iñiguez de Onzoño and Antonio Vázquez de Castro made final modifications, of which the three steel and glass elevator towers – designed in collaboration with British architect Ian Ritchie – merit special attention.
The Museo Reina Sofia, an autonomous organization depending on the Spanish Ministry of Culture, was created by Royal Decree 535/88 of May 1988. With its headquarters in San Carlos Hospital, the Collection was made up of works conserved at the time by the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art. On 10 September 1992, their Majesties King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia inaugurated the Permanent Collection of the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, which until then had only held temporary exhibitions. Now a bona fide museum, its goals – as set forth in the aforementioned decree – were to conserve, expand and exhibit its collections; to promote the general public’s knowledge of and access to contemporary art in its various manifestations; to hold exhibitions at the international level, and to offer training, educational and assessment activities related to its holdings.
The Nouvel Building
Throughout all of these years, the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia has been increasing its collections, temporary exhibits, audiovisual and educational activities, services and number of visitors, what led those in charge of the institution to undertake studies on the possibility of increasing surface space, which brought about in 2001 the construction of the new building by Jean Nouvel, opened in September of 2005. In this way the Museum responded not only to its proposed needs, but also to a clear call to transform the neighborhood’s surrounding environment. By creating a public square – as set forth in the building code of the new buildings and the southwest facade of the current Museum – a space within the city and for the city was created.
The Museum has increased more than 60% of the old building’s surface area (51,297 square meters), now reaching 84,048 square meters. Thus, the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia now has a privileged exhibition space at its disposal.
Pamphlet of the opening of the Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, 1986 (Spanish text)
Share
| Madrid |
'Gnarls Barkley' who had worldwide success in 2006 with 'Crazy' comprised Cee Lo Green and which DJ? | Gallery That Houses Guernica at the Reina Sofia in Madrid to Get Complete Overhaul
Gallery That Houses Guernica at the Reina Sofia in Madrid to Get Complete Overhaul
Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937. Photo: Courtesy of Reina Sofia Museum.
MADRID.- Guernica, Pablo Picasso's 1937 large anti-war painting, has been given a new illumination and will be repositioned at Madrid's Reina Sofia museum of modern art, Spanish press reports said Friday.
Manuel Borja-Villel, director of the Reina Sofia, announced in a press conference the changes that are being undertaken to improve the gallery in which Guernica is installed. To start off, the lighting has been changed, from yellow to white. The painting will be installed in the front wall where it now hangs. This will allow visitors to see it from the front, walls around it will be torn down.
"The painting gains in contrast and profile" with the new arrangement, which will be finished after the summer, Reina Sofia director Manuel Borja-Villel explained.
The museum is also trying to recreate the atmosphere of the 1937 Paris Universal Exposition where the Guernica was first seen, with other art works and an anti-war movie that were shown at the Spanish pavilion, a miniature model of which is included in the display.
The new perspective for the painting is only part of a series of changes planned by Manuel Borja-Villel, who wants to change opening hours and tickets to attract a much wider audience to the building.
The Spanish government commissioned Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for the Spanish display at the Paris International Exposition (the 1937 World's Fair in Paris). The Guernica bombing inspired Picasso. Within 15 days of the attack, Pablo Picasso began painting this mural. On completion Guernica was displayed around the world in a brief tour, becoming famous and widely acclaimed. This tour brought the Spanish civil war to the world's attention. Guernica epitomizes the tragedies of war and the suffering war inflicts upon individuals. This monumental work has eclipsed the bounds of a single time and place, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace.
Guernica was initially exhibited in July 1937 at the Spanish Pavilion at the Paris International Exposition. The Pavilion, which was financed by the Spanish Republican government at the time of civil war, was built to exhibit the Spanish government's struggle for existence contrary to the Exposition's technology theme. The Pavilion's entrance presented an enormous photographic mural of Republican soldiers.
The display of Guernica was accompanied by a poem by Paul �luard, and the pavilion displayed works by Joan Mir� and Alexander Calder, both of whom were sympathetic to the Republican cause.
After the Paris Exhibition, the painting went on tour, first to the Scandinavian capitals, then to London, where it arrived on September 30, 1938, the same day the Munich Agreement was signed by the leaders of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. The London exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery included preparatory studies and was organised by Roland Penrose with Clement Atlee addressing a public meeting. It then returned briefly to France; after the victory of Francisco Franco in Spain, the painting was sent to the United States to raise funds and support for Spanish refugees. At Picasso's request the safekeeping of the piece was entrusted to the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City. It formed the centerpiece of a Picasso retrospective at MOMA which opened six weeks after the Nazi invasion of Poland.
Between 1939 and 1952, the painting traveled extensively in the United States; between 1953 and 1956 it was shown in Brazil, at the first-ever Picasso retrospective in Milan, Italy, and then in numerous other major European cities, before returning to MOMA for a retrospective celebrating Picasso's seventy-fifth birthday. It then went on to Chicago and Philadelphia. By this time, concern for the state of the painting resulted in a decision to keep it in one place: a room on MOMA's third floor, where it was accompanied by several of Picasso's preliminary studies and some of Dora Maar's photos. The studies and photos were often loaned for other exhibitions, but until 1981, Guernica itself remained at MOMA.
While living in Nazi-occupied Paris during World War II, Picasso suffered harassment from the Gestapo. One officer allegedly asked him, upon seeing a photo of Guernica in his apartment, "Did you do that?" Picasso responded, "No, you did."
During the Vietnam War, the room containing the painting became the site of occasional anti-war vigils. These were usually peaceful and uneventful, but in 1974, Tony Shafraziostensibly protesting Richard Nixon's pardon of William Calley for the latter's actions during the My Lai massacredefaced the painting with red spray paint, painting the words "KILL LIES ALL"; the paint was removed with relative ease from the varnished surface.
As early as 1968, Franco had expressed an interest in having Guernica return to Spain. However, Picasso refused to allow this until the Spanish people again enjoyed a republic. He later added other conditions, such as the restoration of "public liberties and democratic institutions". Picasso died in 1973. Franco, ten years Picasso's junior, died two years later, in 1975. After Franco's death, Spain was transformed into a democratic constitutional monarchy, ratified by a new constitution in 1978. However, MOMA was reluctant to give up one of their greatest treasures and argued that a constitutional monarchy did not represent the republic that had been stipulated in Picasso's will as a condition for the painting's return. Under great pressure from a number of observers, MOMA finally ceded the painting to Spain in 1981. The Spanish historian Javier Tusell was one of the negotiators.
During the 1970s, it was a symbol for Spaniards of both the end of the Franco regime and of Basque nationalism. The Basque left has repeatedly used imagery from the picture.
In 1992 the painting was moved from the Museo del Prado to the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof�a, both in Madrid, along with about two dozen preparatory works. This action was controversial in Spain, since Picasso's will stated that the painting should be displayed at the Prado.
However, the move was part of a transfer of all of the Prado's collections of art after the early 19th century to other nearby buildings in the city for reasons of space; the Reina Sof�a, which houses the capital's national collection of 20th century art, was the natural place to move it. A special gallery was built at the Reina Sof�a to display Picasso's masterpiece to best advantage.
When first displayed in Spain, the painting was placed at El Cas�n del Buen Retiro, an annex to the Prado that housed early nineteenth century paintings but had a large enough wall. It was kept behind bullet-proof glass and guarded with machine guns. However, since that time there has never been any attempted vandalism or other security threat to the painting. In its present gallery, the painting has roughly the same protection as any other work at the Reina Sof�a.
Today's News
| i don't know |
Which school is attended by the students in the t.v. series 'Glee'? | William McKinley High School | Glee TV Show Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
William McKinley High School
William McKinley High School for the Arts
Type:
Principal Figgins (former)
William McKinley High School for the Arts is a fictional school and one of the main settings in the show. The school is named after William McKinley , the 25th President of the United States, who was born in Niles, Ohio. The school is supposed to be located in the city of Lima, Ohio , however no school in Lima is actually named McKinley. In Ohio, there are McKinley High Schools in Canton and Niles.
Many of the location scenes at McKinley were filmed at Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo High School in Long Beach, California and Helen Bernstein High School in Los Angeles, California, though auditorium scenes were filmed at a replica of the Cabrillo auditorium on the Paramount lot.
The school mascot is the Titans, and the school colors are red and black.
In Dreams Come True , the school becomes arts-oriented after Superintendent Harris made a pitch to the school board following New Directions' victory at the 2015 Nationals competition.
Contents
[ show ]
Facilities
The school has many classrooms, a faculty lounge, a music room and an auditorium named The Finn Hudson Auditorium . Sports facilities include a football field and track, a baseball field, a gymnasium, and a weight room.
Staff
*Didn't graduate; dropped out **Transferred; graduated from a different school
Extracurricular Activities
The school's Glee Club was called New Directions , and ran for four years (from 2009 to 2013, 2014 - present) and in their first year, they won Sectionals but lost Regionals to Vocal Adrenaline . The next year they tied with The Warblers at Sectionals and beat them and Aural Intensity at Regionals, but failed to place at Nationals . For there third year, they blazed through Sectionals and Regionals, and also prevailed in defeating Vocal Adrenaline for first place. For their final year, they lost Sectionals, but, due to a technicality, they were allowed to advance to Regionals, which they won, and at the 2013 Nationals, they lost to Throat Explosion. Rachel Berry and Kurt Hummel , two graduated members, rebooted the glee club (with the same name) the next year (which is 2014). It was later seen in the second part of the series finale ( Dreams Come True ) that the New Directions won the 2015 Nationals, their second victory ever. This victory assured New Directions' permanent status in the school and even changed the school's main orientation: the Arts, as said by Superintendent Harris . In consequence, three more glee clubs were created (which includes the revival of The Troubletones ), Will becomes the new Principal, and Sam is appointed as the new director of the club, which now has more than thirty members.
The cheerleading squad are called the Cheerios and are very successful, having won Nationals seven times in a row. Unlike the cheerleaders, the football team wasn't successful, until Coach Shannon Beiste came and taught the team about winning. The school also has a basketball and hockey team but there is little known about them. We do know that Dave Karofsky was on the hockey team and Finn , Matt , Puck , Ryder , and Jake are/were on the basketball team.
Active
| mckinley high |
Which work by Charles Dickens is set in 'Coketown'? | Dalton Academy | Glee TV Show Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
Season Six
It is revealed that Blaine was hired as the new coach of the Warblers. It is also seen that a new council was created and that many of the Warblers graduated (including Sebastian and Trent). Blaine seems to enjoy being back at Dalton, since he says that he is happy coaching the team he was in years before. When a new transfer student, shockingly a girl ( Jane ) wants to join the Warblers, this creates a quarreling between the Warblers, who insist that the tradition which establishes that only males can be Warblers, should be kept intact. Despite this, Blaine decides to help Jane by taking her to see Rachel, who willingly helps her with her audition song. Jane performs Tightrope along with almost every Warbler, who seem to accept her, but it's later revealed by Blaine that, although she did a great performance, she wasn't accepted. This event makes Jane to transfer to McKinley and join the recently rebooted New Directions . In The Rise and Fall of Sue Sylvester , Blaine informed the New Directions that Dalton Academy had a fire and was burned to the ground. The Warblers joined the New Directions in light of the incident.
Dalton Academy Warblers
The Academy's Glee club The Dalton Academy Warblers , who were voiced by the Tufts Beelzebubs for the first two seasons, tied for first
place with William McKinley High School's New Directions at the 2010 Western Ohio Sectionals Championship and moved on to the regional competition. However, they lost at the Regionals tournament in 2011, to New Directions .
In Season Three, they have a new leader, Sebastian Smythe , Blaine transferring to McKinley to be with Kurt at the beginning of the Season. Some of the Warblers have graduated, mainly the council leaders. Sebastian, as the leader, has an eye out for Blaine and likes Blaine. The Warblers won the 2011 Sectionals which was not shown but when they went against New Directions at the 2012 Regionals, unfortunately they lost. Sebastian is a very vile and male counterpart of Santana. He constantly tries to steal Blaine from Kurt and when New Directions and the Dalton Academy Warblers compete to see who'll do Michael Jackson for their Regionals setlist, Sebastian puts rock salt in a slushee and injures Blaine, causing him to have surgery. He later admits it to Santana and slushees her after a sing-off, this time with no rocksalt. Later the New Directions show the Warblers what MJ is about, and the Warblers, other than Sebastian, agree with New Directions words. Sebastian then says it would be awfully scary if they had any evidence, but Santana shows the recording tape but Kurt hands it back to Sebastian and everyone is disappointed by his ways.
Before Regionals, Sebastian threatens Rachel and blackmails her saying he'll upload a photoshopped picture of Finn online unless she drops out of Regionals, causing a feud. Later Sebastian stops with the recent news of Karofsky's near death suicide attempt and it's revealed the Warblers are supporting Lady Gaga's "Born This Way" foundation.
Boarding School or Not?
There are lot of continuity mistakes regarding whether Dalton is a boarding school or not:
Dalton Academy was implied not to be exclusively a boarding school in The Sue Sylvester Shuffle when Kurt mentioned that he brings Finn a warm glass of milk every night. He could have meant he brings the milk to Finn every night when he is home, which is most likely every weekend.
In Blame It on the Alcohol , Blaine was in Kurt 's bed cause he was too drunk to drive so it was either he stayed in their house for the weekend or he lives in their house.
In Silly Love Songs , when Kurt was drawing in his notebook, he told Blaine he was "plotting weekend outfits," implying that he only gets to dress without his uniform on the weekends.
Technically, Dalton Academy could still be a boarding school, one that accepts day and boarding students. The tuition was said to be very steep, so Burt and Carole could have opted to admit Kurt to Dalton as a day student. Wes , and David and the others could be strictly boarding students, as besides Kurt, only Blaine and probably Sebastian are known to have homes in the area (Blaine due to the fact that he transferred to McKinley and is within easy distance for others to visit his home, Sebastian due to the fact that he states his parents live nearby and goes to Scandals, when most boarding schools have curfews, although he could just sneak out)
Dalton was also implied to be a boarding school in Rumours when Sam says that he got a night job delivering pizzas, and delivered one to Dalton and saw Kurt , though this could have meant he was just staying late, not that he actually lived there.
It was also implied to be a boarding school in Special Education when Kurt says he hasn't seen Finn since the wedding. If Finn already lives with Burt and Carole , obviously Kurt hasn't been living at the house. However, Burt had previously stated he was planning to buy a new house for all of them, and it's unknown when he actually purchased one and everybody moved in; it's possible that even though Burt and Carole were married now Finn and Kurt didn't live at the same house yet.
In A Very Glee Christmas , Kurt is studying before taking a break to sing Baby, It's Cold Outside with Blaine while it appears to be dark out. After they're done singing Will comes to talk to Kurt there rather than visiting or calling him at home. This scene strongly implies that Kurt sleeps at the school during the week rather than commuting daily.
Glee in set in Lima, Ohio, and Dalton Academy is in Westerville, Ohio, which is about 88 miles away from Lima. Kurt could commute every day, but the distance suggests that Dalton is a boarding school.
In Born This Way , Blaine says that he will still be able to see Kurt after school and on the weekends, suggesting that he lives closer on the weekends and could commute to see him, if he was living at the school.
In Original Song , Kurt is seen filing his nails with his "make-up table" infront of him, in what appears to be a Dalton Academy lounge. Kurt would not likely have all his make-up at Dalton if he needed to transport it 88 miles.
Trivia
There were no teachers shown at Dalton Academy until The First Time , when the Warblers serenade a French Teacher with Uptown Girl . Except one small spotting of a teacher in the Warbler's first performance of Teenage Dream in Never Been Kissed .
More teachers can be seen in the hallway during the performance of Uptown Girl .
Dalton does not have a sex ed class.
There are 16 Warblers in season 6.
| i don't know |
Who was the World Darts Champion five times in the 1980's? | That 1980s Sports Blog: Keith Deller: 1983 World Darts Champion
A blog about anything to do with sport in the 1980s.
Wednesday, 13 June 2012
Keith Deller: 1983 World Darts Champion
Sporting legacies are all well and good, but there is something to be said for that one occasion in a sporting career where everything seems to click for the competitor involved. A one-off performance when all falls into place, or a tournament where for some reason, the participant can do no wrong, and is fully in the zone. So for every Davis or Hendry, there will always be a Joe Johnson; Sampras may have dominated Wimbledon, but for two glorious weeks in 1996, Richard Krajicek reached levels that he probably didn't know existed in his game; and Bristow may have ruled world darts in the early to mid-eighties, though for one magical week in 1983 in Stoke-on-Trent, Keith Deller, a 23-year-old from Ipswich, shocked the darting world by becoming the first qualifier to win the World Championship, and the youngest winner at that.
Deller was on the face of things a breath of fresh air to the game. Young, baby-faced, and relatively slim, he did drink alcohol, but not to the levels of the other players, as so famously mocked by the Not the Nine O'Clock News sketch (indeed Deller temporarily became known as the Milky Bar Kid due to the fact that milk was a favourite tipple of his). A relative unknown to the dart viewing public in 1983, he had actually been on the circuit for three years, and was regarded highly enough by many in the game, including Bristow's dad George, who backed Deller in every round of the 1983 championships, bar the final.
Bristow was of course the complete antithesis of Deller: a double world champion, a drinker and smoker, and the man who put cocky into cockney. In reality, Bristow was darts, and every man, woman and dog expected him to make it three titles at the Jollees Cabaret Club between January 1-8 . After a deciding set win against Scotland's Peter Masson in the first round, Bristow repeated the dose with a 3-2 victory over Dave Lee in round two, and a 4-3 victory against Dave Whitcombe in the quarter finals. Normal service however was resumed in the semi-finals, as Tony Brown was hammered 5-1, and the watching millions (estimated at between 8.4-10 million for the final) sat back waiting for the young upstart to be brushed aside by the Crafty Cockney.
Deller on the other hand had to contend with much bigger obstacles en route to the final. A 2-1 win over Nicky Virachkul in the first round and a 3-1 win over Les Capewell in round two, set up the none-too-tasty prospect of 1979 world champion and world number 3 John Lowe in the quarter finals. Lowe, 14 years Deller's senior, and a man who had been round the block more than a few times, was unable to shake the younger man off however, and Deller triumphed 4-3 to book his place in the semi-final against 1982 world champion and world number two Jocky Wilson. If Deller was to reach a final on his debut, then few could argue that he had enjoyed an easy passage along the way.
Crucially Wilson missed a nine-dart finish in the third leg of the first set, a moment Bristow has since admitted probably cost the Scotsman a place in the final. Don't forget, the nine-darter back in the 80s was almost seen as the holy grail of the game, and no one had ever successfully accomplished the impossible dream on television (Lowe would be the first to do so a year later at the World Matchplay, winning a cool £102,000 in the process). The missed double-18 may have just been one leg in the marathon semi-final, but the impact of the miss lived with Wilson throughout the match. Deller's 5-3 victory earned him a place in the final, where Bristow would understandably be the hottest favourite in the tournament's short history. Commentator Sid Waddell neatly summed up the task ahead for Deller with one of his famous soundbites: "He's not just an underdog, he's an underpuppy." In short, Deller was not at all fancied to beat Bristow, although critically Bristow, behind all his bravado, knew the youngster was well worth his place in the final, and had his full respect. After all, a player who had knocked out two previous world champions was not to be under estimated, and Bristow was well aware of this.
All started well for Deller, as he raced into a 3-1 lead, in the best of 11 final. But Bristow hit back immediately, winning the next set, and in a deciding leg in the sixth set, Bristow hit a crucial double-16 to level the match at 3-3. The impetus seemed to be with the double world champion, although if Deller was feeling the strain he was hardly showing it. Surprisingly Deller won the next two sets, and at 5-3 the impossible was starting to look a reality.
Sometimes the hardest part of winning is dragging yourself over the line (ask Mike Gregory ) and six missed doubles for the world title (double-16, double-9, double-4, and three at double-2) left Deller vulnerable. Bristow didn't need a second invitation to take advantage of Deller's temporary blip, winning the next two sets to take the world final into a deciding set. After a week of intense competition, all would boil down to one final set, a test of who could hold their nerve more. If this was the case, then surely Bristow would be holding the trophy yet again come the conclusion of the final set. This looked even more likely when Bristow took the first leg against the throw, to lead for the first time in the match. All the momentum was with Bristow and it finally looked a bridge too far for the underdog.
Somehow Deller found something from deep within his reserves to throw a 12-dart leg (100, 140, 140 and 121) and won the third leg to yet again move within one leg of claiming the world crown. With the scores at Bristow 121 and Deller 138, Bristow stepped up to the oche, hit 17 and treble-18, leaving one dart at bullseye. "Bullseye" stated Waddell, as the camera zoomed in on the centre of the board. But Bristow wasn't interested, instead hitting 18 to leave double-16 (his favourite double). "Played the percentage shot" added Waddell swiftly after Bristow's strategy became known. With Deller on 138 it probably was the correct thing to do, although Bristow was gambling: "Living dangerous, Bristow - he's banking on Deller not doing this" noted Waddell. And he was spot-on.
Only Bristow knows what went through his mind as he turned and saw Deller's first dart hit treble-20, but as I'm sure I once heard on Blackadder, it probably rhymed with clucking bell. When Deller then hit treble-18, Bristow's heart must have dropped through his stomach and hit his feet. To the general astonishment of the millions of viewers, Deller needed double-12 for a remarkable out shot and the biggest prize in darts. "But the shot's on for the title" uttered Waddell in an understandable tone of both disbelief and anticipation. As the final dart hit the intended target, Deller leapt around, both arms aloft in triumph, looking elated and slightly startled at the same time. "I am telling ya, I'm telling ya, I've seen nothing like it in my life" shouted Waddell, and it was hard to disagree with the excitable voice of darts.
The emotion experienced by Waddell and Deller was shared throughout the viewing nation. Deller, reflecting on his win, pointed out that "Loads of spectators were crying their eyes out with joy - even men." The new face of darts was expected to rake in big money, the Daily Express' Christopher Hilton commenting that "He could earn upwards of £100,000 this year." But through all of this euphoria and hype, Deller seemed remarkably well grounded: "I want to show I'm more than a flash in the pan and that I can keep on beating the Eric Bristows and and Jocky Wilsons." Very mature words from someone so young and raw.
Yes, a darts player holding a pint of milk!
Deller did indeed experience a relatively successful 1983 after his world title win: he won the Double Diamond Masters, and reached the final of the Isle of Man Challenge, British Matchplay and the British Pentathlon (losing the former two to Bristow and the latter to Lowe). Inevitably though, the strain of being world champion started to catch up with him: the constant trudge on the exhibition road, the appearances on This is Your Life and Surprise, Surprise, the Stringfellows visits (as explained in this Observer article from 2006). Once you have reached the peak it is often harder to gain the motivation to go back to the base of the mountain and start all over again (the 2003 England rugby world cup winners and the 2005 Ashes winning team are good examples of this). In 1984, Deller turned up to defend his world crown and was promptly dumped out of the tournament in the first round by Nicky Virachkul - the very man who he'd beaten in the corresponding stage the year before. Although Deller's career didn't take a complete nose-dive, his fortunes at the World Championships were grounded: first round defeat in 1984, 1987 and 1988, a quarter final in 1985, second round in 1986.
Bristow dusted himself down and proceeded to win the next three World Championships. But then the dreaded dartitis struck, gaining a notable scalp, and Bristow was never really the same dominating force again. It says a lot for the man and his natural ability that he would still reach the final in 1987, the semi-final in 1988, and three more finals between 1989-1991. The man who had done so much to put darts on the map and television, was one of the driving forces (along with Deller, Lowe, Wilson and others) in the darts split of 1993, which did so much to improve the lot of a darts player at the time, and indeed to this day. Unfortunately Bristow wasn't really able to fully take advantage of the benefits in moving to Sky, but his semi-final performance at the 1997 PDC World Championships provided his fans with one last hurrah.
It is a sad statistic that Deller only won three further matches in the Embassy championships after his 1983 victory. Even sadder still was the time I saw him walking on to the stage for the 1998 World Matchplay semi-finals to the D:Ream song 'Things Can Only Get Better', with the MC trying unsuccessfully to get the crowd to replace the word 'Better' with 'Deller'. But, this embarrassing moment aside, Keith Deller deserves our full respect. OK, his star never shined so brightly after his 1983 annus mirabilis, he never did get close to ever claiming a second world title, but at least he did it once, and there are countless players, past and present, who would dearly love to have done that. To win the world crown is one thing, but to beat three world champions along the way proves that it wasn't lucky. After that first glorious week of 1983 things were never likely to get better (or DELLER!) for the 23-year-old from Ipswich, but - to quote Barry Davies - frankly who cares?
Posted by
| Eric Bristow |
The 1709 Battle of Malplaquet was part of which War? | Phil Taylor's sweet 16: how he powered to his world title triumphs | Sport | The Guardian
Phil Taylor's sweet 16: how he powered to his world title triumphs
The Burslem-born magician first became world champion in 1990 and has been almost untouchable ever since
Phil 'The Power' Taylor's 16 world championship victories have included four whitewashes in finals. Photograph: Leon Neal/AFP/Getty Images
Phil Taylor's sweet 16: how he powered to his world title triumphs
The Burslem-born magician first became world champion in 1990 and has been almost untouchable ever since
Brooke Streatfield and John McDougall
Wednesday 2 January 2013 20.29 EST
First published on Wednesday 2 January 2013 20.29 EST
No1: Beat Eric Bristow 6-1 , 13 Jan 1990
It all began for Burslem-born Taylor as he claimed his maiden world title with a 6-1 win over his mentor Eric Bristow at the Lakeside Country Club in Frimley Green, Surrey. The 125-1 unseeded player overcame the Australian Russell Stuart and Englishman Dennis Hickling in the early rounds before beating the Scotsman Ronnie Sharp 4-2 in the quarter-final. 'The Power' then thrashed Cliff Lazarenko 5-0 in the semis before taking on the five-time winner and No1 seed, Bristow. 'The Crafty Cockney' was destroyed 6-1 by his protégé and a new legend in the world of darts was born.
No2: Beat Mike Gregory 6-5 , 11 Jan 1992
Taylor won his second world darts title at the Lakeside Country Club by beating Mike Gregory 6-5. It was to be Taylor's last World Darts Championship win before a dispute in 1994 led to the formation of the WDC, later the PDC Championship, rivalling the British Darts Organisation's version. Taylor overcame Sweden's Magnus Caris and Denmark's Per Skau in the first and second rounds respectively, before thrashing Wales' Martin Phillips 4-0 in the quarter-final. A close 5-4 victory over John Lowe in the semi-final was followed by a tight final win over Gregory, one Taylor has described as among the favourites of his career.
No3: Beat Rod Harrington 6-2, 2 Jan 1995
Having been thrashed 6-1 by Dennis Priestley in the inaugural PDC final the previous year, Taylor's third world crown came after he dispatched Rod Harrington, in the now Sky pundit's only final appearance. Taylor beat Gerald Verrier and Sean Downs in the group stages and Bob Anderson in the quarter-final but it was an epic semi-final against Lowe where Taylor scraped through to win 5-4 that darts fans will most remember from this tournament.
No4: Beat Dennis Priestley 6-4, 2 Jan 1996
'The Power' gained revenge over Priestley for his 1994 defeat by beating 'The Menace' 6-4 at the Circus Tavern. Drawn in group eight, Taylor beat his fellow Englishmen Shayne Burgess and Lazarenko 3-0 to gain passage to the quarter-finals. He faced the group seven winner, Keith Deller, defeating 'The Feller' 4-0 before beating Lowe in another semi-final, 5-1. The finalists had lost only three sets between them in getting there, setting up a tantalising encounter in which Taylor eventually came through.
No5: Beat Dennis Priestley 6-3, 5 Jan 1997
The Circus Tavern was again the venue as Taylor clinched the title 6-3. He beat Verrier and Chris Mason in the group stages and Deller in the quarter-finals but the most memorable match of the competition was his semi-final against Bristow that was branded the battle of The Mentor v the Protégé. Taylor emerged the winner beating Bristow 5-4, equalling the Crafty Cockney's tally of world championship triumphs.
No6: Beat Dennis Priestley 6-0 , 4 Jan 1998
The Power became the most successful player in world championship history after defeating Priestley for a third time in consecutive years to record his fourth title in a row. Taylor took over from Bristow, who won five titles during the 1980s. The match was one of Taylor's most convincing wins to date with Priestley unable to take a single set off the champion. During the tournament Harrington was the only player to take any sets from Taylor, in their semi-final.
No7: Beat Peter Manley 6-2, 3 Jan 1999
Taylor's seventh and final world title of the nineties saw the beginning of his trio of final defeats of Manley, defeating 'One Dart' 6-2. As usual Taylor won his first-round tie comprehensively with a 3-0 victory over Reg Harding, but dropped a set in his 3-1 second-round victory over Chesterfield's Lowe. The Power returned to being flawless with a 4-0 victory over Anderson in the quarter-final, before facing a sterner test in his 5-3 semi-final win over the former world No1 Alan Warriner-Little. Taylor made it five world titles in a row with his final victory over Manley.
No8: Beat Dennis Priestley 7-3, 8 Jan 2000
With the World Darts Championships being the earliest sporting event in the calendar, Taylor was labelled the "First World Champion of the new Millennium" after winning his eighth PDC title. Taylor continued to show what a dominant force he was in the world of darts by retaining his title although many reports labelled Priestley unlucky after his fourth final defeat by Taylor in five years. The Power had endured a tough first-round match with Mick Manning, where he struggled to a 3-2 win, but after that early scare he did not lose another set en route to the final, beating Graeme Stoddart, Warriner-Little and Dennis Smith.
No9: Beat John Part 7-0 , 3 Jan 2001
Taylor's seventh title in succession was among his most dominant victories as he dropped only one set in the entire tournament and thrashed Part 7-0 in the final at the Circus Tavern. The Power won all three sets in his first-round encounter with Nigel Justice, before dropping his only set of the championship in his 3-1 second-round win over Les Fitton. Taylor then comprehensively defeated Deller in the quarter-final and Dave Askew in the semis. The Canadian Part – who won only three legs in the final – was simply no match for The Power.
No10: Beat Peter Manley 7-0, 5 Jan 2002
Another year, another whitewash in the final, this time over Manley. Taylor beat Paul Williams, Burgess, Part and Askew in his quest for his 10th title, this time dropping two sets during the tournament. Manley had a much harder time getting to the final, dropping at least two sets in every round and having to battle through the semi-final. Manley was booed for years by darts fans after refusing to shake Taylor's hand after the final, later claiming he had urgently had to run to the bathroom.
No11: Beat Kevin Painter 7-6 , 4 Jan 2004
Taylor survived a sudden-death leg against Painter to triumph at the Circus Tavern. The No1 seed had beaten Colin McGarry, Priestley, Warriner-Little and Wayne Mardle to reach the final. In a classic showpiece Taylor was 4-1 down after five sets as Painter pressed his advantage. He fought back, though, to reduce the deficit to a set, eventually going 6-5 ahead. Painter drew the scores level to take the final to sudden death but The Power won an unbelievably tense encounter with a double five. He announced his retirement from darts but performed a U-turn four days later.
No12 Beat Mark Dudbridge 7-4 , 3 Jan 2005
Changing his mind over retirement proved the right decision as Taylor won the title again the following year. He had to come from behind twice to win as Dudbridge led by 2-1 and then 3-2. Taylor had enjoyed another easy path to the final, losing only one set, his first in the quarter-finals against the man he had beaten in the final the previous year, Painter.
No13: Beat Peter Manley 7-0 , 3 Jan 2006
Manley suffered another whitewash at Taylor's hands as the champion secured his 13th World Darts Championship title. Taylor was imperious once more, losing only two sets on the way to the semis. He breezed past David Platt in the first round, before dropping a set in his 4-1 victory over Matt Clark. A 4-0 triumph in the third round over Andy Hamilton was followed by a 5-1 quarter-final drubbing of Painter. The semi-final proved more difficult as Taylor struggled past Mardle 6-5, leaving Manley confident it would have left his final opponent mentally spent. But it did not prove the case.
No14: Beat Raymond van Barneveld 7-1 , 4 Jan 2009
After a three-year gap Taylor regained his form, crushing the Dutchman in the final at Alexandra Palace. He set a world record average for a tournament final of 110.94, underlining his status as world No1, and was never really troubled throughout the competition.
No15: Beat Simon Whitlock 7-3 , 3 Jan 2010
Taylor was at his best throughout the 2010 World Darts Championship, losing one set to Scotland's Robert Thornton in the third round on his way to meeting Whitlock. This championship prize was the biggest of Taylor's career to date with a fund of £1m.
No16: Beat Michael van Gerwen 7-4 , 1 Jan 2013
Having gone out in the second round in 2012, the first time in his career Taylor had not reached the quarter-finals of the worlds, others were being touted ahead of him for the title. Taylor, however, breezed through the early rounds, losing only one set as he closed on a semi-final against Van Barneveld. Taylor led 5-1 and fought off a Van Barneveld fightback to win 6-4, before having a memorable spat with the Dutchman for which he later apologised. In the final he came back from 4-2 down – despite suffering from a cold – to defeat Van Barneveld's fellow Dutchman, the 23-year-old Van Gerwen, who had triumphed in their two previous meetings, in the final at Alexandra Palace.
| i don't know |
Which theme park was opened in Billund in 1968 as Denmark's answer to 'Disneyland'? | BBC - Travel - Lego-heaven in Denmark
By Carolyn Bain
29 September 2011
Though California’s Disneyland lays claim to the slogan, “The Happiest Place on Earth”, we like to think that Denmark's Legoland, though considerably smaller, may give it a run for its money.
Related blog post: Denmark’s double-sized salute to the King
Legoland is, after all, a theme park celebrating the “toy of the century” (title courtesy of Fortune magazine) in the country in which it was invented: Denmark, “the world's happiest nation” (according a Gallup World Poll). So you have to believe this place will be something special. And it is.
Opened back in 1968, Legoland is located in Billund, a small town in regional Denmark that was the birthplace of the toy bricks. Billund is some 260km west of Copenhagen; handily, the airport that was built here by the Lego company in the mid-1960s has grown to become the second largest airport in Denmark. Public transport to the park is excellent.
Once here, your heart will be warmed by the sight of 59 million plastic bricks imaginatively put together to create Lego-heaven, possibly by so many happy Scandi families. You might feel a little underdressed if you are not accessorising with your own excited offspring, but do not be put off - this place all but begs you to embrace your inner child.
For anyone above the age of, say, five, the highlight of Legoland is Miniland - 20 million plastic blocks snapped together to create miniature cities and replicate global icons. You cannot help but marvel at the brilliant Lilliputian models of the Kennedy Space Centre, Amsterdam canals, the Bergen waterfront or a Scottish castle and loch, and you will no doubt vow to head home and drag your Lego out of storage to see what masterpiece you can create.
In Miniland you can also do some advance sightseeing of Danish landmarks including Copenhagen's tourist magnet Nyhavn; the country's oldest town, Ribe; or the royal palace of Amalienborg. Kids can take a mini-jeep safari through an African wildlife park (lions, zebras and giraffes built from Legos, of course). All ages can take a miniboat trip past landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty, the Acropolis, and Abu Simbel Egyptian temple. The reconstructions are on a scale of 1:20 to 1:40 and the attention to detail is incredible. The park's largest piece, a model of Mt Rushmore with the four American presidents, is built with a staggering 1.5 million Lego bricks. (The smallest piece? A dove in Miniland, built of four small white bricks.)
New to the park in 2011 is the Star Wars area, where 1.5 million bricks have been used to recreate seven detailed scenes from the Star Wars films. The four-legged robotic walkers rendered in Lego are something to behold, as is the Tatooine cantina scene in miniature.
Be sure to pick up a park map to assist with further exploration. The park is divided into themed areas, including Legoredo Town, a Wild West area; Knights' Kingdom, where a medieval castle awaits; Pirate Land, which hosts ships and sword-play; and Duplo Land, with safe, simple rides and activities for toddlers.
Legoland's rides and activities are mostly geared to pre-teens and families. For wilder rides suited to older kids, it compares unfavourably to somewhere like Copenhagen's Tivoli. Still, adrenaline-junkies should seek out X-treme Racers, a roller coaster that cranks up to a speed of 60kph, then head to the nearby Power Builder to defy gravity on a Terminator-like robotic arm.
For some downtime stop by Atlantis, a large aquarium built around Lego models of divers and submersibles. For the chilled park-goer there are rides aplenty to keep the blood pressure down, from merry-go-rounds to a tranquil train ride. Once the entrance fee is paid, all rides are free. Happy indeed.
Opening hours: The park's season is from April to October. Check the website, as there are a handful of closed days in April, September and October.
Accommodation: Hotel Legoland is right by the park and continues the theme, with brilliant Lego figures and fabulous pirate, princess or knight-themed rooms.
| Legoland |
What substance are feathers, fingernails and hair made of? | 1000+ images about LEGOLAND on Pinterest | the Originals, Corporate offices and Founding fathers
The Yellowknife airline featured in the Ice Pilots NWT television series has been commemorated in Denmark's Legoland park.
See More
| i don't know |
Which US President played the saxophone with the band at his own inauguration dance? | The 1993 Inauguration
The 1993 Inauguration
Help Site Map Text Only
An aerial view of the "Reunion on the Mall" held as part of the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. With tents stretching from the Capitol to the Washington Monument, it was reported to be the largest festival ever held on the Mall. This photo was taken from a U.S. Park Police helicopter hovering so the top of the Monument is in the foreground of the picture.
A dramatic night photo of the Washington Monument covered by lights during the ceremonies marking the opening of the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. The Lincoln Memorial and a bank of spotlights are in the background. This photo was taken from the top of the clock tower on the Smithsonian Castle building on the Mall.
Hillary Clinton greets visitors and shakes hands along a fence on the Mall in Washington during her visit to "The Reunion on the Mall" held as part of the Clinton/Gore Inaugural.
An aerial view of the Lincoln Memorial during the "Call for Reunion," a two-hour outdoor concert kicking off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. Hundreds of thousands of people crowded onto the Mall for the free concert which featured such entertainers as Aretha Franklin, Michael Bolton, Tony Bennett, Bob Dylan, Diana Ross and rapper L-L Cool J.
The Clintons and the Gores wave to the crowd at the opening to the "Call for Reunion" a two-hour outdoor concert kicking off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. Hundreds of thousands of people crowded onto the Mall for the free concert.
Bill Clinton, with the statue of Lincoln behind him , addresses the hundreds of thousands of people who crowded onto the Mall for the "Call for Reunion" a two-hour outdoor concert kicking off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural.
Singer Diana Ross, on stage at the Lincoln Memorial giving it her all in her finale for the "Call To Reunion", which kicked off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. Hundreds of thousands of people crowded onto the Mall for the free two-hour outdoor concert.
The Clintons and the Gores lead a procession of thousands across the Memorial Bridge from the Lincoln Memorial to Arlington Virginia on their way to the Bell Ringing Ceremony which was part of the kick off of the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. The procession and bell ringing followed a Call To Reunion concert at the Lincoln Memorial.
While the Clintons and Gores watch, Chelsea Clinton rings a replica of the Liberty Bell during festivities kicking off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural
At the stroke of 6 p.m., Clinton and Gore grasped the red rope attached to the bell and led the nation in a bell ringing ceremony. Clinton's daughter, Chelsea, kept up the ringing long after her father let go of the rope.
(~15K).
(~16K)
Bill Clinton holds up an American Flag passed to him by someone in the crowd at the Bell Ringing Ceremony which was part of the kick off for the Clinton/Gore Inaugural.
One of the most spectacular fireworks displays ever seen in Washington caps the day's events which kicked off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. This photograph was taken from the Virginia side of the Potomac River. The Lincoln Memorial, to the left, is almost hidden by the bursts.
A spectacular red, white and blue burst of fireworks , seen from the unique perspective from the top of the Washington Monument, cap the day's events which kicked off the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. Looking down from the Monument, in addition to the fireworks, the Lincoln Memorial, and bridges over the Potomac Rover to Virginia can be seen.
President-elect Bill Clinton waves to the waiting crowd as he, Vice President-elect Al Gore, and their wives leave a meeting of introduction with diplomats at Georgetown University.
Perhaps the most spectacular fireworks ever seen in Washington burst over the Potomac River during the kick off to the Clinton/Gore Inaugural. Behind the red, white and blue bursts, three of D.C.'s most distinct landmarks - the Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument and U.S. Capitol can be seen bathed in lights.
A spectacular aerial view directly over and in front of the U.S. Capitol Building during the swearing-in ceremonies for President Bill Clinton.
A view directly over and slightly to the side of the U.S. Capitol Building during the swearing-in ceremonies for President Bill Clinton, showing the crowd and inaugural stand.
President Bill Clinton is given the oath of office by Chief Justice William Rehnquist to become the 42nd President of the United States. President Clinton's wife, Hillary, and his daughter Chelsea, stand by his side.
A spectacular view of the Inaugural swearing-in ceremony , taken from behind the podium looking beyond the massive crowd towards the Washington Monument.
A close-up of Chief Justice William Rehnquist administering the oath of office to President Bill Clinton during Inaugural ceremonies at the United States Capitol.
George Bush and Bill Clinton shake hands just after the inaugural ceremonies at the U.S. Capitol.
.
An aerial view looking straight down Pennsylvania Avenue at the beginning of the Inaugural Parade President Clinton's motorcade and accompanying press vehicles are near the center of the photo as they proceed from the Capitol towards the White House.
President Clinton waves to crowd lining Pennsylvania Avenue , as he walks part of the way during his Inaugural Parade.
Vice President Al Gore and Tipper wave from the stage during one of the many Inaugural Balls held following the Inauguration.
President Bill Clinton and Hillary dancing at one of the Inaugural Balls following his Inauguration.
President Bill Clinton and Hillary wave to the crowd at one of the Inaugural Balls, towards the end of a long day of ceremonies and events.
.
| Bill Clinton |
Jools Holland was a founding member of which band in 1974? | These Talented Celebrities Play Music Instruments Too | Grapevine Online
These Talented Celebrities Play Music Instruments Too
Home Entertainment
These Talented Celebrities Play Music Instruments Too
The following Hollywood celebrities aren’t just pioneers in their own fields; they take pride in expressing themselves through some musical notes! We are unable to list out all of the multitalented superstars, so help us complete the list via your comments.
Prev Next
10. Steven Spielberg
Arguably, one of the finest directors to ever grace the silver screen, the Jurassic Park director used to play the clarinet in high school! At the age of 16, he composed the music on his own clarinet for “Firelight,” his sci-fi project!
9. Eva Longoria
The ‘Telenovela’ lead is trained in playing clarinet and a drum majorette!
8. Nick Jonas
One third of the Jonas Brothers, Nick Jonas plays more than just guitar and the piano, he also plays the glockenspiel!
7. Nelly Furtado
Nelly made her first public performance, when she along with her mother sang a duet at a church on Portugal Day. At a tender age of nine she learned the trombone, ukulele and few years later, mastered the guitar and keyboards!
6. Tina Fey
Tina Fey first got her break on “Saturday Night Live” as a writer and actress. She has a history with flute as well, since she used to play it in fifth grade. Also, she was a member of her high school’s choir.
5. Ed Sheeran
Ed’s romantic voice and his amazing guitar-playing skills have mesmerized the world, but did you know that he also plays a violin?
4. Bill Clinton
Though he’s not a Hollywood celebrity, the former United States president was in the chorus and played the tenor saxophone during his school days!
3. Woody Allen
In a career of more than 50 years, Heywood “Woody” Allen has done everything from filmmaking, writing and acting. However, that’s not the end of his talents; he is a passionate fan of jazz music and began playing the clarinet as a child! Interestingly, he took his stage name from clarinetist Woody Herman.
2. Ryan Gosling
Oscar-nominated actor and an all rounder, Ryan Gosling released a self titled album along with his friend Zach Shields in 2009. Gosling was responsible for vocals, piano, guitar, bass, and cello on all tracks!
1. Julia Roberts
| i don't know |
Keira Knightley and Parminder Nagra appeared on a stamp issued last month in a scene from which 2002 film? | Keira Knightley - YouTube
Keira Knightley
Last updated on Oct 4, 2016
Kira Kiera Knightly Nightly Cira Ceira Ciera
Keira Christina Knightley (born 26 March 1985) is an English actress and model. She began acting as a child on television and made her film debut in 1995. Knightley had a supporting role as Sabé in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) and her first significant role came in The Hole (2001). She gained widespread recognition in 2002 after co-starring in the film Bend It Like Beckham and achieved international fame from 2003 as a result of her appearances in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series (2003--07). In 2008, Forbes claimed Knightley to be the second highest-paid actress in Hollywood, having reportedly earned $32 million in 2007, making her the only non-American on the list of highest-paid actresses.
After the Pirates of the Caribbean films, Knightley is best known for starring in costume dramas -- in Pride & Prejudice (2005); Atonement and Silk (both 2007); The Duchess (2008); A Dangerous Method (2011) and Anna Karenina (2012). Knightley has also appeared in a variety of genres of Hollywood films, including the romantic comedy Love Actually (2003); the historical action King Arthur (2004); the psychological thriller The Jacket and the biographical action Domino (both 2005); the drama The Edge of Love (2008); the film noir London Boulevard, the dystopian science fiction Never Let Me Go, the romantic drama Last Night (all 2010), and the dark comedy Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012).
Knightley has earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her role as Elizabeth Bennet in Joe Wright's 2005 adaptation of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. Two years later she again was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, as well as the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance in Wright's Atonement.
Knightley's first starring role followed in 2001, when she played the daughter of Robin Hood in the made-for-television Walt Disney Productions feature, Princess of Thieves. She trained for several weeks in archery, sword fighting, and horse riding. During this time, Knightley also appeared in The Hole, a thriller that received a direct-to-video release in the United States. She appeared in a miniseries adaptation of Doctor Zhivago which first aired in 2002 to mixed reviews but high ratings. In the same year, she also was in the movie Pure, in which she portrays a pregnant teenager who is a heroin addict and had a child taken by social services. Knightley's breakthrough role was in the football-themed film, Bend It Like Beckham, which was a success in its August 2002 UK release, grossing $18 million, and in its March 2003 U.S. release, grossing $32 million.
After Bend It Like Beckham's UK release raised her profile, she was cast in the big budget action film, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (along with Orlando Bloom and Johnny Depp) which was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and opened in July 2003 to positive reviews and high box office grosses, becoming one of the biggest hits of summer 2003 and cementing Knightley as the new "It" girl.
Knightley had a role in the British romantic comedy Love Actually, which opened in November 2003, which co-starred her childhood idol Emma Thompson. Her next film, King Arthur, opened in July 2004 to negative reviews, however in preparation for the role she took boxing, fighting, archery, and horseback-riding lessons for four days a week for three months. In the same month, Knightley was voted by readers of Hello! magazine as the film industry's most promising teen star. Additionally, TIME magazine noted in a 2004 feature that Knightley seemed dedicated to developing herself as a serious actress rather than a film star.
She appeared in three films in 2005, the first of which was The Jacket, alongside Adrien Brody. She next appeared in Tony Scott's Domino, an action film based on the life of bounty hunter Domino Harvey. The film has been Knightley's greatest critical flop to date. Knightley's critics often suggested she was nothing more than a pretty face, which led the young starlet to comment to Elle magazine, "I always feel like I'm the one with everything to prove".
less
Kira Kiera Knightly Nightly Cira Ceira Ciera
Keira Christina Knightley (born 26 March 1985) is an English actress and model. She began acting as a child on television and made her film debut in 1995. Knightley had a supporting role as Sabé in Star...
more
| Bend It Like Beckham |
Which letter of the Greek alphabet is between Kappa and Mu? | FAMOUS WOMEN ON STAMPS
ZNAMENITE �ENSKE NA ZNAMKAH
FAMOUS WOMEN ON STAMPS
HOME
KaFfka Margit 10.6.1880 - 1.12.1918
Mad�arsko u�iteljico, pisateljico in feministko smatrajo za prvo sodobno mad�arsko pisateljico, ki je v center svojih romanov postavila polo�aj �enske v sodobni dru�bi in njeno emancipacijo. Delati je za�ela leta 1903 kot u�iteljica v dekli�ki �oli. Leta 1912 je iz�el njen prvi roman Barve in leta, leta 1917 pa romana Gnezdo mravelj in Postaje. Vsi ostali romani so bili objavljeni posthumno. Leta 1908 je ustanovila napreden �asopis Nyugat (Zahod). Njen nagrobnik je zasnovala in izdelala Elza Koveshazi-Kalmar znana mad�arska kiparka in industrijska oblikovalka.
Hungarian teacher, feminist and writer. Is considered as the first contemporary writer of Hungary who placed the woman in the center of her novels. She had spent a part of her childhood at Miskolc in the house of her grandfather. There she attended the cloister school of the mercied nuns of Szatmar. She started to teach and since 1903 she was a teacher on the civil girl`s school. From 1907 she worked at Budapest. Her first poems and novels were written at Micholc. In 1912 her first novel Colours and Years was published, than in 1917 Ant`s nest and Stations. All other novels were published posthumly. Margit was important member of the circle of female writers. In 1908 she established progresive paper Nyugat (West). She died by spanish influenca. Her tomstone was designed and produced by Elza Koveshazi-Kalmar (1876-1956) Hungarina famous sculptor and industrial designer.
H - 3431
KAHLO Frida 6.7.1907 - 13.7.1954
Mehi�ka slikarka se je rodila kot Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calder�n v predmestju Mexico Cityja. Kot otrok je prebolela otro�ko paralizo, kot najstnica pa je do�ivela hudo prometno nesre�o zaradi katere je trpela celo �ivljenje. Zaradi bolezni in nesre�e je morala prestati trideset hudih operacij. Najprej je hotela �tudirati medicino. Kasneje pa se je predala slikarstvu. Njene slike odkrito izra�ajo �ustveno in fizi�no trpljenje zaradi uni�enega telesa. Od njenih 143 ohranjenih slik je kar 55 avtoportretov. Poro�ena je bila s znanim slikarjem Diego Rivero. Bila je podpornica komunizma. V njenem biv�em domu La Casa Azul v rodnem Coyoac�nu je urejen muzej s �tevilnimi njenimi deli.
Frida Kahlo was a Mexican painter, who has achieved great international popularity. She painted using vibrant colors in a style that was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as by European influences that include realism, symbolism, and surrealism. Many of her works are self-portraits that express her own pain symbolically. Kahlo was married to and encouraged by the Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. They shared political views. Although she has long been recognized as an important painter, public awareness of her work has become more widespread since the 1970s. Her "Blue" house in Coyoac�n, Mexico City is a popular museum, donated by Diego Rivera upon his death in 1957.
Kaila Kaarina 1941 -
Finska slikarka in ilustratorka je ilustrirala pribli�no 30 otro�kih knjig.
Na znamki CZ-2829 je njena ilustracija za Pal�ki in sirota Mari�a poljske pisateljice Marije Konopnicke .
Finnish illustrator lives and works in Venice, Italy and in Helsinki. She illustrated about 30 children's books published in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy in years 1971 - 1997.
CZ - 2829
KALISKA Elena 19.1.1972 -
Slova�ka kajaka�ica je na OI 2004 v Atenah v disciplini K1 (kajak posamezno) - slalom dobila zlato medaljo.
Slovakian sporwoman, won the gold medal in women's K1 (single) slalom on Olympic Games Athene 2004.
SK - 501
Kallio Elin-Oihonna 1859 - 1927
Finska gimnasti�arka se je �olala v Stockholmu na gimnasti�nem in�titutu. Bila je u�iteljica gimnastike v privatnih �olah in na univerzi v Helsinkih. Napisala je ve� knjig o gimnastiki.
Finnish gymnastics educatede at Stockholm Royal Gymnastic Institute. She was gymnastic teacher at Private Finnish Gilrs School and at University of Helsinki. She wrote many books about gymnastic.
FI - 513
KALTENBRUNNER Gerlinde 13.12.1970 -
Avstrijska alpinistka je avgusta 2011 postala druga �enska, ki je preplezala vseh 14 osem tiso�akov in to kot prva brez pomo�i kisika.
She is an Austrian mountaineer. In August 2011, she became the second woman to climb the fourteen eight-thousanders, and the first woman to do so without the use of supplementary oxygen or high altitude porters.
FI - 1972(1970-1974)
Kapid�i�-Had�i� Nasiha 06.11.1932 - 22.9.1995
Bosanska pesnica in pisateljica je delala je kot srednje�olska u�iteljica, nato kot urednica otro�kih oddaj na radiu Sarajevo na koncu pa kot urednica v zalo�bi "Veselin Masle�a". Pisala je poezijo (predvsem za otroke) in dramske besedila. Njene znane pesni�ke zbirke: Maskenbal u �umi (1962), Lete, lete, laste (1981), Vrbaska uspavanka (1981)..., prozna dela: San o livadici - radio igra (1974), Svjetli�, svraka i lisica (1986)...
She was a Bosnian writer and poet of great renown. She finished elementary and high school in Banja Luka and University of Philosophy in Beograd. She worked as a professor and a radio producer for children shows. Her literature is dedicated to children. She even published a couple of textbooks for elementary schools.
KAPNIST Mariya 22.3.1914 - 25.10.1993
Ruska igralka je igrala v filmih: Temnye vody (1993), Ruslan i Lyudmila (1972) in Dikaya okhota korolya Stakha (1979).
An Russian actress played in films: Temnye vody (1993), Ruslan i Lyudmila (1972) and Dikaya okhota korolya Stakha (1979).
UA - 1414
KARADY Katalin 8.12.1910 - 8.2.1990
Mad�arska igralka in pevka je bila med leti 1939 in 1945 najbolj znana mad�arska filmska igralka. V �asu nem�ke okupacije je bila zaprta, njene pesmi pa prepovedane. Med vojno je re�evala judovske otroke pred gotovo smrtjo. Po vojno je do leta 1949 igrala v Opereta gledali��u v Budimpe�ti. Ker ji je komunisti�na oblast onemogo�ala delo se je 1951 za vedno odselila iz Mad�arske.
After completing her drama studies, Katalin Karďż˝dy appeared at two theatres in Budapest (Pesti Szďż˝nhďż˝z and Vďż˝gszďż˝nhďż˝z) between 1939 and 1941. She became the celebrated diva of the age after her first motion picture, Deadly Spring, was released. She played the title role in twenty films over nine years. After German troops occupied Hungary, her songs were banned and in 1944 she was arrested by the Gestapo on charges of spying. Even during the most difficult times she retained her humanity and dignity, and, risking her own life, saved Jewish children from certain death. The Yad Vashem Institute in Jerusalem honoured her extraordinary compassion by awarding her the title Righteous Among the Nations in 2004. Between 1945 and 1948 she played at the Operetta Theatre in Budapest, but the communist authorities made her work impossible. Her films were banned in 1949 and she could no longer appear on stage. In 1951 she left Hungary forever. She spent some time in Salzburg, Switzerland, Brussels and São Paolo before settling in New York in 1968.
H - 5550
KARAGIANNI Eftychia 10.10.1973 -
�lanica gr�ke vaterpolo ekipe, ki je na OI 2004 v Atenah osvojila srebrno medaljo.
She won silver medal OG 2004 Athene: greek water polo team.
GR - 2255
Karamandi Elpida 1.1.1920 - 5.1942
Srbska komunistka in partizanka od leta 1941. Kot �tudentka se je priklju�ila naprednemu mladinskemu gibanju. V bitki proti Bolgarom pri Bitoli je bila ranjena, ujeta in nato ubita. 11.10.1951 je bila progla�ena za narodnega heroja.
She was a member of komunist party and a partisan since 1941. In Belgrade she joined with the progressive and youth movement. When WW II began, she was in Bitola. In those days with a few friends, Elpida lead against the resistance from the enemy in the city, spreading the idea for the national freedom movement between the women and youth. In June 1941 her active work was noticed from the police and she was arrested. When she was released Elpida went in illegality and even more works in mobilising and resistance against the occupiers. On 3 May 1942, the detachment is surrounded by the occupied power. Heavily wounded, Elpida Karamandi is captured, and later dies heroically, with suffering the torture by the Bulgarian fascist.
YU - 2038
Karamzin Aurora 1.8.1808 - 13.5.1902
Finska dobrotnica je bila poro�ena izredno bogatim ruskim princem Deminovom, ki je kmalu umrl. Drugi� se je poro�ila z Andrejem Karamzinom, sinom znanega ruskega zgodovinarja Nikolaja Kraramzina, ki je bil ubit leta 1854 v krimski vojni. Vse to jo je spodbudilo, da je pomagala Fincem leta 1860, ko je tam vladala velika lakota. Prodala je svojo pala�o v Saint Petersburgu in z denarjem ustanovila v Helsinkih Diakonski in�titut, kjer so se �olale prve bolni�ke sestre. Pobudo za to je dobila med obiskom Evangeli�anski bolnic v Saint Petersburgu in pri nem�kem duhovniku Fliednerju, ki je ustanovil prvi Diakonski in�titut.
A remarkable woman benefactor and cosmopolitan who devoted most of her life to charity work. In 1830 she was a Lady in waiting to the Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. 6 years later she married the enormously rich Prince Deminov. He died soon afterward and left Aurora a son and an enormous fortune. Her second husband, Andrei Karamzin (son of the famous Russian historian Nikolai Karamzin) was killed in the Crimean War in 1854. Above all she is remembered for her initiative to give aid to the Finnish people during the famine in the 1860s. She sold the Deminov Palace in St. Petersburg and used the money to establish the Deaconess Institute in Helsinki where the first trained nurses were in service. Inspiration she got after visiting among others the Evangelical Hospital in St. Petersburg and the German pastor Fliedner (founder of the very first Deaconess Institute). Her home in Helsinki was bequeathed to Helsinki City, and serves now as Helsinki City Museum.
FI - 1181
KARAPATAKI Angeliki 19.2.1975 -
�lanica gr�ke vaterpolo ekipe, ki je na OI 2004 v Atenah osvojila srebrno medaljo.
She won silver medal OG 2004 Athene: greek water polo team.
GR - 2255
KAREZI Tzeni 12.1.1932 - 26.7.1992
Gr�ka gledali�ka in filmska igralka, ena najpomembnej�ih gr�kih filmskih igralka. Leta 1951 je bila sprejeta v Gr�ko narodno gledali��e, kjer je �tudirala igro. Leta 1954 je diplomirala. Debirala je francoski komediji La belle Helene z Melino Mercouri in Vassilisom Diamantopoulosom. Leta 1955 je prvi� nastopila v filmski komediji Laterna. Nastopala je v �tevilnih klasi�nih gr�kih filmih. Najve�ji uspeh je dosegla s filmom The Red Lanterns, ki je leta 1963 prejel oskarja za najbolj�i tuji film.
She was a Greek film and theatre actress. She was considered one of the most popular and successful actresses of the cinema of Greece. She studied under the direction of nuns in a private French school in Thessaloniki and as a result she spoke French fluently. In 1951 she was accepted at the Greek National Theater (Eθνικό Θέατρο), where she studied in the Drama School. The playwright Angelos Terzakis and the director Dimitris Rontiris were among her teachers. Upon graduation, in 1954, she was immediately thrust into starring roles in the theatre. Her stage debut was in the Marika Kotopouli theatre in the French comedy, La belle Helďż˝ne, with Melina Mercouri and Vassilis Diamantopoulos. In 1955, Karezi made her cinema debut in the Alekos Sakellarios comedy Laterna. Her career flourished in the 1960s, when she headed her own theater troupe in 1961 and starred in some of the most classic movies of the Greek cinema, like Lola in 1964, Mia trelli...trelli oikogeneia in 1965, Tzeni-Tzeni in 1966 and Kontserto gia polyvola in 1967. Maybe her greatest success was the film Ta kokkina fanaria (The Red Lanterns) in 1963, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and made her known outside of Greece. Her last appearance in film was in her production of Aristophanes' Lysistrata in 1972.
Finska pisateljica otro�kih knjig o medvedu Uppo-nalle.
Na znamki FI-1410 je naslovnica njene knjige Uppo-nalle ja Kumma.
Finnish author of children`s books about the bear Uppo-nallle.
On stamp FI-1410 is cover of her book Uppo-nalle ja Kumma.
FI - 1410
karsten Jekaterina 2.6.1972 -
Beloruska �portnica, na OI 2004 v Atenah je v veslanju - enojec osvojila srebrno medaljo, na OI 2008 v Pekingu pa bronasto medaljo v isti disciplini (na priveskih BY-561 in BY-blok-77).
Na bloku BY-561 in na priveskih so �e ostale beloruske dobitnice olimpijskih medalj na OI v Atenah: Julija Nesterenko , Natalija Helah in Julija Bi�ik ter Natalija Cilinskaja .
Na priveskih bloka BY-blok-77 so ostale beloruske dobitnice medalj na OI v Pekingu: Inna Zhukova , Julija Bi�ik , Natalija Helakh , Natallia Mikhnevich , Nadzeya Ostapchuk , Nastassia Novikava , Alina Tumilovich , Anastasia Ivankova , Glafira Martinovich , Ksenia Sankovich , Olesya Babushkina , Zinaida Lunina .
Belarus athlete won silver medal in OG 2004 Athene in rowing single and bronze medal in OG Bejing 2008 in same sport event.
On sheet BY-561 (stamp and labels) are also other Belrus women winners of medals in OG Athene: Julija Nesterenko , Natalija Helah and Julija Bi�ik and Natalija Cilinskaja .
BY - 561 BY - blok-77, BY - 819
Katarina Sienska sv. - CATHERINE of Siena st. 25.3.1347 - 29.4.1380
Dominikanka in svetnica Katarina je bila izjemna osebnost, misti�arka in "politi�na svetovalka." Bila je �lanica meni�kega tretjega reda. Pripadniki tega reda so dali le preproste zaobljube in niso �iveli v samostanih. Pridru�ila se je spokorni�kim sestram svetega Dominika v Sieni in hitro zaslovela po svetosti in odpovedovanju. Ko je Gregor XI. leta 1376 izob�il uporni�ke Firence, se je Katarina lotila mirovni�ke akcije za spravo v cerkvi in Italiji ter pozvala h kri�arski vojni proti muslimanom. Spoznala je, da bo to mogo�e samo, �e se bo pape� vrnil v Rim. Po�iljala je pisma in svarila s katerimi je podpirala pape�a in ga pregovorila, da je preselil pape�ki sede� iz Avignona spet v Rim. Njena znamenita knjiga Dialogi je menda nastala na podlagi neposrednih stikov s Kristusom. Med njena dela spada �e 380 pisem in 26 molitev. Vsa dela je narekoval, saj je bila nepismena. God praznuje 29. aprila.
Catherine of Siena, was an Italian mystic. She is especially remembered for the part she played in bringing about the return (1377) of Pope Gregory XI from the papal residence in Avignon, France, to Rome. Convinced of the necessity of ending the 68-year absence of the popes from Rome, Catherine traveled (1376) to Avignon to present her case personally and persuade the pope to leave France. St. Catherine is also known for her unusual mystical revelations, the holiness of her life, and her spiritual writings. Always deeply religious, she became a member of the Dominican Third Order when she was 16 years of age. Although she never learned to write, Catherine nevertheless dictated several treatises, the best known of which is The Dialogue. She was canonized in 1461. In 1970, she was declared a Doctor of the Church. Feast day: Apr. 29.
VA -402/404 I - 740/745
KATRI Helena 17.3.1945 -
Ena najpopularnej�ih finskih pevk nastopa �e od 60-tih dalje. Je prva Finka, ki je skupaj prodala ve� kot milijon albumov. Njen najbolj priljubljen album z naslovom Anna Mulle T�htitaivas je prodala v ve� kot 100.000 izvodih. Dvakrat leta 1979 in 1993 je bila predstavnica Finske na Evroviziji.
Na znamki FI-1844 sta tudi Rung Marion in Kinnunen Laila .
She is a Finnish singer who has been performing since the 1960s. As an artist and a Finnish speaker, she is one of the most popular singers in Finland in terms of sales. She was the first singer in Finland to sell more than one million albums. Her most popular album, entitled Anna Mulle T�htitaivas, has sold more than 100,000 copies. In a country with only five million inhabitants, this is a huge accomplishment. Katri Helena has had various hits, including Puhelinlangat laulaa, Katson sineen taivaan and Syysunelma. She has represented Finland two times in the Eurovision Song Contest: in 1979 and 1993.
On stamp FI-1844 are also Rung Marion and Kinnunen Laila .
FI - 1844
Kauffmann Angelica 30.10.1741 - 5.11.1807
�vicarska slikarka je ena najpomembnej�ih neoklasicisti�nih slikarjev. �eprav je leta 1765 postala �lanica Akademije San Luca (Rim) ji zato ker je bila �enska niso dovolili slikati aktov. Leta 1766 je odpotovala v Anglijo kjer je bila ena od ustanoviteljev Royal Academy of Art in dobera prijateljica sir Joshua Reynoldsa. V Angliji je ustvarila �tevilne alegori�ne portrete. �tevilne stavbe je opremila s svojim pohi�tvom in dekoracijami. V svojem �ivljenju je naslika ve� kot 500 del, med njimi so �tevilni avtoportreti in zgodovinske slike.
The Swiss artist Angelica Kauffmann , was one of the most important neoclassical painters. Although she became (1765) a member of the Accademia di San Luca, Kauffmann was not allowed to take part in the nude drawing classes because she was a woman. In 1766, Kauffmann traveled to England, where she became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy of Art and a close friend of Sir Joshua Reynolds. In Britain Kauffmann made a sizable income from the production of allegorical portraits as well as from her designs for the interiors of numerous houses. Kauffmann painted more than 500 paintings during her lifetime, including numerous self-portraits and history paintings.
Portugalska slikarka in ilustratorka iz druge generacije portugalskih modernistov.
A Portuguese painter and illustrator from the 2nd generation of modernist painters portugueses.
P - 3910
KELESIDOU Anastasia 28.11.1972 -
Gr�ka atletinja metalka diska je na OI 2000 in 2004 v tej disciplini osvojila srebrni medalji. V svoji karieri je postavila sedem gr�kih rekordov. Njen najbolj�i rezultat je 67,7 m.
She is Greek discus thrower. She won silver medals at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. During her career she set seven Greek records in discus throw, the best being 67,70 m.
GR - 2248
KELETI Agnes 9.6.1921 -
Mad�arska gimnasti�arka je na OI 1956 v Melburnu osvojila ekipno zlato medaljo v gimnastiki skupaj z Andreo Bod�, �gnes Keleti, Alice Kert�sz, Margit Korondi , Erzs�bet K�teles in Olgo Tass. Skupaj je na dveh olimpijskih igrah (1952 in 1956) osvojila 10 olimpijskih medalj, od tega 5 zlatih.
Na bloku H-5319 so �e naslednje mad�arske �portnice: Val�ria Gyenge , Margit Korondi , �va Sz�kely , Ilona Nov�k , Judit Temes , �va Nov�k , Katalin Sz�ke in M�ria Littomeritzky .
She was born of Jewish parents in Budapest. She began gymnastics at age 4, and at age 16 she won the first of what would be 10 National titles. She won 10 Olympic medals, five of them gold. She won the first of her medals at age 31, the last at age 35. At the Helsinki Games in l952, she won a gold in the floor exercises, a silver in the combined team competition, and a bronze in both hand apparatus-team and uneven parallel bars. At the l956 Olympics, a 35-year old Keleti won gold medals in the free-standing exercise, balance beam, parallel bars, and combined exercise-team (portable apparatus). She also won a silver medal in the combined exercise-team.
H - 5135 H - 5319
Keller Helen 27.6.1880 - 1.6.1968
Zaradi bolezni je oslepela in oglu�ela, ko je bila stara 19 mesecev. S pomo�jo u�iteljice Anne Mansfield Sullivan se je nau�ila brati brailovo pisavo in pisati na poseben pisalni stroj. Govor pa je obvladovala tako, da je s prsti razbirala vibracije na grlu svoje u�iteljica. Kljub invalidnosti se je �olala in 1904 doktorirala iz filozofije. Vse �ivljenje je posvetila gluhim in slepim. Napisala je knjigi Zgodba mojega �ivljenja (1902) in Dnevnik Helen Keller (1938).
Helen Adams Keller was an author, lecturer, and humanitarian whose unusual life and dedicated work had an international influence on the lives of the handicapped. She became blind and deaf at the age of 19 months through a damaging brain fever and could communicate only through hysterical laughter or violent tantrums. Nevertheless, with the help of her teacher Anne Mansfield Sullivan, Keller learned to read braille and to write by using a special typewriter. Their early relationship was the subject of The Miracle Worker, a 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning play and 1962 film by William Gibson. In 1904, Keller graduated with honors from Radcliffe College and began a life of writing, lecturing, and fund raising on behalf of the handicapped.
E - 2466
Kelly Grace 12.11.1929 - 14.9.1982
Fimska igralka je kariero za�ela kot fotomodel, leta 1949 pa je debitirala v gledali��u na Brodwayu. Prvo filmsko vlogo je odigrala 1951. Leta 1953 jo je film Mogambo izstrelil med zvezde, ta status sta leto pozneje potrdila zlati globus in nominacija za oskarja. Sledila je glavna vloga v filmu Pode�elsko dekle (1954), ki ji je prinesla oskarja. Nastopila je v treh filmih Alfreda Hitchcocka: To�no opoldne (1952), Dvori��no okno (1954) in Kli�i M za umor (1954) V trinajstih mesecih je posnela kar �est filmov (med letoma 1953 in 1954). Leta 1956 je prekinila filmsko kariero in se poro�ila z mona�kim knezom Rainerjem III. Umrla je v avtomobilski nesre�i.
Grace, Princess of Monaco first achieved fame as an American film star. She appeared in High Noon (1952) and High Society (1956) and won an Academy Award for her performance in The Country Girl (1954). Her cold beauty and aristocratic bearing were perhaps most successfully exploited in three Alfred Hitchcock thrillers: Dial M for Murder (1954), Rear Window (1954), and To Catch a Thief (1955). Grace Kelly's acting career ended when she married Prince Rainier III of Monaco in 1956, but she remained an international celebrity until her death following an automobile accident at the age of 52.
MC - 2851 MC -2116
KELMENDI Majlinda 9.5.1991 -
Albanska judoistkinja je na svetovnem prvenstvu za mladince v Parizu leta 2009 v kategoriji do 52 kg osvojila zlato medaljo. Zaradi nepriznavanja Kosova je na OI 2012 v Londonu nastopala za Albanijo.
She is an Albanian judoka from Peďż˝ in Kosovo. As of February 27, 2013 she stands second in the international rankings by the International Judo Federationon the -52 kg category. She has won the gold medal at the 2009 World Junior Championships in Paris. Due to the resistance of Jacques Rogge, the president of the International Olympic Committee, she was not allowed to represent Kosovo at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and instead chose to represent Albania.
KO - 229-230
Kempers Cornelia 30.9.1954 -
�vicarska igralka je �tudirala je v Berlinu. Bila je �lanica gledali�� v Du�sseldorfu in Stuttgartu. Igrala je tudi v Avstriji in Nizozemskem. Poznana je po naslovni vlogi v filmu Anna Goldin - zadnja �arovnica.
Swiss actress, star of the film Anna Goldin - Last Witch.
CH - 1561
KENNEDY Louise
Ena najuspe�nej�ih irskih modnih oblikovalcev �e naprej gradi mednarodni ugled z kreacijo obla�il cenjenih po kakovost oblikovanja in prefinjenosti. Po diplomi na akademiji Grafton v Dublinu je leta 1982 ustanovila blagovno znamko. Njeno ime je postalo sinonim za elegantno, razko�no in zadr�ano oblikovanje.
Louise Kennedy is one of Ireland's most successful fashion designers who continues to build an international reputation for creating clothes that are appreciated for their quality of design and sophistication. Since establishing her own label on graduating from the Grafton Academy Dublin in 1982, her name has become synonymous with elegance, luxury and understated design.
EI -1937
Kent Victoria 6.3.1898 - 25.9.1987
�panska odvetnica, �lanica parlamenta, generalna direktorica zaporov. Posvetila se je reformam kazenske politike, izbolj�evanju pogojev v zaporih. Ustanovila je in�titut za ustrezno �olanje delavcev v zaporih.
Spanish lawyer. Member of Parliament with position of General Prisons Director. Dedicated to reforming the penitentiary policy, improving hygiene and food, creating the Prison Studies Institute for proper training of prison presonnel and creating the Women`s Prison Corps.
E - 2928
KEOGH Lainey 1957 -
Irska modna oblikovalka se je specializirala za pletenine. Za�ela je kot laboratorijski tehnik, �ele kasneje se je posvetila modnemu oblikovanju. Leta 1984 je odprla prvo svojo trgovino. Leta 1997 se je prvi� predstavila na londonskem tednu mode.
She is an Irish fashion designer specialising in knitwear. She started out as a lab technician before deciding to pursue fashion design as a career. In 1984 Keogh opened her first shop in Dublin, where she gradually built up her business and reputation, before presenting her first major catwalk show in Autumn 1997 at London Fashion Week.
Belgijska umetnica ustvarja na podro�ju slikarstva, risanja, ra�unalni�ke umetnosti in video umetnosti.
She is a Belgian artist whose work involves painting, drawing, computer art and video art.
B - 2990
Kergomard Pauline 24.4.1838 - 13.2.1925
Francoska pedagoginja, ustanoviteljica otro�kih vrtcev in glavna �olska in�pektorica v letih 12879 - 1917. Leta 1881 je uvedla brezpla�no �olstvo. Leta 1886 je izdala navodilo naj otroci dobijo igra�e in igre za njihovo spodbujanje in izziv, otrokom naj se dovoli gibanje.
French inventor of kindergartens, she was a general inspector of schools from 1879 to 1917, abolished fees in 1881. In 1886 she issued guidelines advocating that children should be offered challenging toys and games and allowed to move about. By 1911 every French child had access to either a specially housed maternal school or to an infants school in a primary-school building, and about 60 percent attended such a school or a similar private school.
F - 2491
KERSNOVSKAIA Eufrosinia 8.1.1907- 8.3.1995
Moldavijska pisateljica je pre�ivela sovjetski gulag (1940 - 1950) kjer je delala kot drvar in miner. Leta 2005 so objavili njene spomine, skupaj s svojimi akvareli, ki jih je ustvarila v gulagu.
Moldavian writer survived the Soviet gulag (from early 1940s till late 1950s) working as a logger and a miner. A complete version of her memoirs (including more than seven hundred watercolors) was published in 2006.
KHAN Noorunissa Inayat 1.1.1914 - 13.9.1944
Britanka je kot agentka SOE (Special Operations Executive) v �asu druge svetovne vojne delovala v okupirani Franciji. Pod tajnim imenom Madeleine je delovala v Parizu leta 1943 in po�iljala pomembna sporo�ila v London za pomo� francoskemu odporni�kemu gibanju. Bila je izdana in aretirana. Med zasli�evanjem ni ni�esar izdala. Gestapo jo je odpeljal v tabori��e Dachau kjer so jo usmrtil.
Noorunissa Inayat Khan was Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent in occupied France. She became one of the silent heroes of the Second World War. With the code name �Madeleine�, she worked as a wireless officer for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in Paris during 1943, when the city was occupied by Nazi forces. She evaded capture far longer than expected in her role and continued to send important messages to London to aid the French Resistance. She was betrayed, arrested and interrogated, but she refused to give up her secrets. She was executed at Dachau by the Gestapo in September 1944.
Jersey - 496-500
KING Danielle 21.11.1990 -
Britanska kolesarka je skupaj z Lauro Trott in Wendy Houvenaghel leta 2011 postala svetovna prvakinja v ekipni zasledovalni vo�nji. Na olimpijskih igrah 2012 v Londonu je skupaj z Lauro Trott and Joanno Rowsell osvojila zlato medaljo v ekipni zasledovalni vo�nji. Dosegle so tudi nov svetovni rekord 3:14.051 (na znamki GB-3304)
She is an English track cyclist. King won the 2011 world team pursuit title alongside Laura Trott and Wendy Houvenaghel, and the 2012 world team pursuit title alongside Trott and Joanna Rowsell. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won a gold medal for the team pursuit alongside Laura Trott and Joanna Rowsell . The team also set a new world record time of 3:14:051 in this event (on stamp GB-3304).
GB - 3304
KINNUNEN Laila 8.11.1939 - 26.10.2000
Ena najbolj popularnih finskih pevk v 50-tih in 60-tih letih 20.stol. Leta 1961 je kot prva predstavnica Finske nastopila na Evroviziji. Prvi album je izdala leta 1957. Aktivna je bila do 1980.
Na znamki FI-1844 sta tudi Katri Helena in Rung Marion .
She was one of the most popular Finnish singers of the 1950s and 60s, and represented Finland at the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest, when the Finland participated the first time in the contest. She spent her childhood in Sweden as a refugee from the Second World War, returning to Finland at the age of ten. Her first album, published in 1957, was a success, and she continued to publish music until 1980.
On stamp FI-1844 are also Katri Helena and Rung Marion .
LI - 1124/1125
KirchbaCH Esther von 26.5.1894 - 19.2.1946
H�i sa�kega oficirja in kasnej�ega vojnega ministra Adolpha von Carlowitz se je leta 1921 poro�ila s teologom Arndtom von Kirchbach, nekdanjim policistom, ki je po smrti svoje �ene postal minister. Sodelovala je pri gibanju Una Sancta, predhodnikom modernega ekumenskega gibanja. Pisala je o polo�aju �ensk v zakonski zvezi, v dru�ini, pri delu in mo�nost usklajevanja le-teh. Njena najpomembnej�a dela so povzeta v seriji knjig. Imela tesne stike s �tevilnimi pomembnimi predstavniki njenega �asa, med drugim s pisateljem Wernerjem Bergengruenom in teologom Hannsom Liljem. Po prihodu Hitlerja na oblast je njen mo� postal eden vodilnih predstavnikov v boju proti prizadevanjem nacistov da si podredijo protestantsko Cerkev na Sa�kem. V svoji �eni je imel odlo�nega podpornika v tem boju. Zaradi pisanja in predavanj v podporo mo�u je bila Ester velikokrat aretirana.
She was daughter of the Saxon officer and later War Minister Adolph von Carlowitz. In 1921 she married her second husband, the theologist Arndt von Kirchbach, a former officer who had become a minister following the death of his first wife. She was involved in the Una Sancta movement, the modern ecumenical movement's predecessor which emerged following World War I. In her considerable number of works she wrote about women's positions in marriage, the family, at work and the possibility of reconciling these. Her most important works are summarised in a series of books. She enjoyed a close relationship with many significant representatives of her age, including the author Werner Bergengruen and the theologist Hanns Lilje. Following Hitler's seizure of power, her husband became one of the Confessing Church movement's leading representatives in the fight against the Nazis' efforts to submit the Protestant Church in Saxony to the Government. He had an energetic supporter in Esther von Kirchbach. The continuation of her writing and lecturing activities, despite repeated arrests and depositions of her husband, characterised the years that followed until the end of World War II.
D - 2297
KirvEsniemi-H�M�L�INEN Liisa 10.9.1955 -
Finska smu�arska teka�ica je leta 1983 je osvojila svetovni pokal. Nastopila je na �estih olimpijskih igrah: v Sarajevu 1984 je osvojila zlate medalje v tekih na 5 km, 10 km in 20 km ter bronasto medaljo v �tafeti, v Calgaryju 1988 je osvojila bronasto medaljo v �tafeti, v Lillehamerju 1994 pa bronasti medalji na 5 km in 30 km. Osvojila je tudi tri zlate in pet srebrnih medalj na svetovnih prvenstvih.
Na znamki FI-1236 je tudi Marjo Matikainen .
Finish sportwoman - cross-country skiing. On Winter Olympics in Sarajevo 1984 she won 3 gold medals: 5 km, 10 km and 20 km and one bronze medal in 4x5 km relay. On Winter Olympics in Lillehamer 1984 she won 2 bronze medals: 5 km and 30 km.
On stamp FI-1236 is also Marjo Matikainen .
FI -1236
Kiselova-Sitekova Jana 1942 -
Slova�ka ilustratorka je leta 2001 dobila za svojo ilustracijo za knjigo O.Sliacky: Adam in Eva nagrado Zlato jabolko na BIB 1995 (na znamki SK-285).
Many times awarded Slovak illustrator Jana Kiselov�-Sitekov� won one of the Golden Apples BIB 2001. She created ethereal and fragile illustrations using fine colours, unusual technique and microdrawings. On stamp SK-285 is her illustration to the book O. Sliacky: Adam and Eva (1994) - Golden Aple BIB �95.
SK - 285 SK - 465 SK - 570
KISS Manyi 12.3.1911 - 24.3.1971
Mad�arska pevka, igralka in plesalka je svojo kariero za�ela v Kolozsv�ru (danes Cluj v Romuniji),
v komi�nih in
soubrette vlogah. Z mo�em je nastopala v cirkusih. Nastopala je v kabareju Podium, v budimpe�kem operetnem gledali��u in Madach gledali��u.
She began her career in Kolozsv�r (today Cluj in
Romania
and
Szeged
, using her natural acting and excellent dancing and singing abilities to good effect in soubrette and comic roles. After 1932 she appeared with her husband, an Italian artiste, in circuses abroad, and then made her
Budapest
debut in 1934. She continued her career at the Podium Cabaret and Kir�ly Theatres before contracting in 1938 with the Budapest Operetta Theatre. She played in numerous other
Budapest
theatres and then joined the Comedy Theatre in 1943. She soon became a favourite with
Budapest
audiences. In 1954 she contracted with the Mad�ch Theatre. In the 1950s her prowess in dramatic roles was discovered.
H - 5504
Kjelsberg Betzy 1.11.1866 - 1950
Prva norve�ka delovna in�pektorica, feministka in radikalna levi�arka. Njen portret na znamki iz fotografije iz leta okoli 1920. V ozadju pa je varilec v sodobni za��itni obleki. V njenem �asu so bili delovni pogoji zelo slabi, delavci so delali pri neza��itenih strojih, v slabo prezra�evanih, neogrevanih in slabo osvetljenih prostorih, zaposleni so bili otroci, delovni �as je bil dolg. V 25 let dolgi karieri in�pektorja je veliko naredila za izbolj�anje teh razmer. Udejstvovala se je tudi v feministi�nem gibanju. Ustanovila je ve� �enskih dru�tev. Od leta 1926 je bial podpredsednica Mednarodnega sveta �ensk. Kot aktivna politi�arka je bila prvi �lan izvr�nega odbora norve�ke liberalne stranke
She was the first female factory inspector in Norway, feminist and radical leftist. The portrait on the stamp N-1134 is from a photo from about 1920. In the background we can see a welder of our time in a modern protective outfit. Typical conditions for workers in her time were child labour, unprotected machinery, bad ventilation, no heating, poor lighting, unhygienic environment and long working days. As a factory inspector during 25 years she made a great effort to improve these conditions in the factories. She was also early interested in the feminist movement and became the founder of several women's clubs. From the year 1926 she was vice-chairman of the International Council of Women. Even in politics she was active, and was the first member of the executive committee of the Norwegian liberal party.
N - 1134
KJER Bodil 2.9.1917 - 1.2.2003
Danska gledali�ka in filmska igralka s statusom primadone in prva dama danskega gledali��a. Trikrat je prejela najvi�jo dansko filmsko nagrado za najbolj�o igralko (1948, 1952) in za najbolj�o stransko �ensko vlogo (1977).
Na znamki DK-1507 je prizor iz Ma�ka na plo�evinasti strehi (Tennessee Williams) iz leta 1956 v New Theatre.
She was a Danish actress whose talent and charisma earned her status as a Primadonna and the title of first lady of Danish theater. Kjer's leading roles reflect the span of Denmark's modern cinema: such as the artistic maturity of the war-torn 1940's in Jenny and the Soldier, the light-hearted romance of the 50's and 60's in Mød mig på Cassiopaeia, the action drama of the 70's in Strømer, and the modern epic tale in Babette's Feast (1987). She received three times Denmark's highest film prize, the Bodil Award: for Best Actress (1948, 1952) and for Best Supporting Actress (1977). On stamp DK-1507 she is in a scene from the 1956 production of Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof at the New Theatre.
DK - 1507
Klara Asi�ka sv. - Clara of Assisi st. 16.6.1194 - 11.8.1253
Italijanska svetnica ena prvih privr�encev svetega Fran�i�ka Asi�kega je ustanovila red Ubogih Klaris. Kot prva �enska je napisala za ta red redovni�ka pravila. Za svetnico je bila progla�ena leta 1255, goduje 11. avgusta.
A follower of St. Francis of Assisi, Clare left her noble Italian family to found the women's religious order known as "Poor Clares." She led a life of austerity and prayer according to the Franciscan rule. Devoted to the Eucharist, Clare is often pictured with a monstrance, a eucharistic vessel. She was canonized in 1255. Feast day: Aug. 11.
VA - 207/208 H - 5329 I - 892
Kliemand Evi 28.7.1946 -
Liechensteinska slikarka, pisateljica, pesnica in publicistka.
Na znamki FL-1055: Malo modro.
Painter, author, poet and publicist from Liechenstein.
LI - 1055
KLEIN Dani 1.1.1953 -
Belgijska pevka s pravim imenom Danielle Schoovaerts je pevka skupine Vaya Con Dios, ki je ena najbolj uspe�nih belgijskih skupin. Njihov prvi single Just a friend if Mine je bil velik hit v Franciji, prodali so ga v ve� 300.000 izvodih. Leta 1991 se je skupina raz�la, Dani je nato do leta 1996, ko je nastopanje zaradi stresa prekinila, nastopala z razli�nimi glasbeniki. Leta 1999 pa se je vrnila kot pevka skupine Purple Prose.
Klein Dani (her true name Danielle Schoovaerts) is lead singer of the Belgian musical group Vaya Con Dios founded in 1986 by Dani Klein, Dirk Schoufs, and Willy Lambregt (the latter subsequently replaced by Jean-Michel Gielen). Their name is Spanish for "Go with God". It's one of the most successful bands Belgium has ever had. Their first single, "Just a Friend of Mine", had a Latin feel and became a big hit in France, selling over 300,000 copies. In 1991, Dani Klein and Dirk Schoufs decided to go their separate ways, and from then on the group consisted of Klein playing with various musicians. In 1996 Klein left the music business complaining of too much stress. She returned in 1999 as singer in the group Purple Prose, which released a debut album of the same name that year.
B - 3901
Klo�kova Jana 7.8.1982 -
Ukrajinska plavalka je na OI 2004 v Atenah osvojila zlati medalji na 200 m in 400 m me�ano. Na OI 2000 v Sydneyju pa je osvojila zlati medalji na 200 in 400 metrov me�ano in srebrno medaljo na 800 m prosto.
Ukraian swimmer, won two gold medails in OG 2000 Sydney (200 m and 400 m medley) and one silver (800 m freestyle). In OG 2004 Athene she won two gold medails (200 m and 400 m medley). She has also won ten titles at swimming's world championships, nineteen european championship titles, and currently holds both the short-course and long-course world records in the 400 meter individual medley. In 2003 she won four golds at the Summer Universiade in South Korea. She was also awarded the Hero of Ukraine medal. In 2004, she was named by Swimming World magazine as the World Female Swimmer of the Year.
UA - 490
Klose Tilde 12.12.1892 - 2.1945
Nem�ko komunistko so zaradi svojega delovanja leta 1934 obsodili na 10 let stroge je�e. Po �tirih letih so jo preselili v �ensko tabori��e Ravensbr�ck od tam pa v Bernburg, kjer je umrla v plinski celici.
German communist from 1931. She was arested by police in 1934 and died in nazi camp Ravensbr�ck.
GDR - 715
KL�FT Carolina 2.2.1983 -
�vedska atletinja � sedmerobojka, peterobojka in skalka v daljavo ja bila v letih 2003 in 2005 svetovna prvakinja. Na OI 2004 pa je osvojila zlato medaljo v sedmeroboju.
She is a Swedish athlete competing in heptathlon, long jump and pentathlon. She is currently regarded as one of the best female athletes in the world. She was world champion in heptathlon in 2003 and 2005. She won gold medal in 2004 Olympic Champion in heptathlon.
KLUM Heidi 1.1.1973 -
Nem�ka manekenka in fotomodel.
She is the well established supermodel. She was born in Germany. In 1992 her friend encouraged her to send some photos to the competition called "Model '92". She won the competition. Success followed her soon. Heidi joined the super model agency Elite, the school girl instantly became an international model.
A - 2531
Knape Ulrika 26.4.1955 -
Ena najbolj znanih �vedskih skakalk v vodo je na OI leta 1972 (najmlaj�a dobitnica zlate medalje - 17 let) osvojila zlato medaljo v skokih iz stolpa in srebrno medaljo v skokih z deske. Na svetovnem prvenstvu leta 1973 je prav tako osvojila zlato medaljo v skokih iz stolpa in srebrno medaljo v skokih z deske. Osvojila je tudi dve zlati medalji na evropskem prvenstvu leta 1974.
Ulrika Knape is one of the most renowned Swedish female divers ever. She is the youngest gold-medalist ever in the Olympic Games. She was only 17 years of age when she won the gold medal in high dive, and silver in the spring-board diving at the Olympic games in 1972. She also won gold in high dive as well as silver in the spring-board in the World Championships in 1973. She won two gold medals in the European Championships in 1974.
S - 1677
Knef Hildegard 28.12.1925 - 1.2.2002
Od leta 1942 je bila risarka pri dr�avni nem�ki filmski dru�bi UFA. 1944 je odigrala prve manj�e filmske vloge. Po koncu vojne je nastopala v berlinskih gledali��ih. Leta 1949 je odigrala glavno vlogo nekdanje tabori��nice v prvem nem�kem povojnem filmu Morilci so med nami. Na Brodwayu je kot Nino�ka v musicalu Svilene nogavice, dosegla velik uspeh. Od leta 1963 je nastopala tudi kot pevka �ansonov.
Hildegard Knef grew up in Berlin. In 1942 she began training as an animation artist with the film production company Ufa, but then transferred to the State Film Institute in Babelsberg near Berlin. Following some initial small film roles, she appeared on several Berlin stages after the end of the war. Having appeared in three prize-winning films Hildegard Knef relocated temporarily to the USA, but soon returned to her native Germany. After her role in the film The Sinner, which caused a scandal in the early 1950s, she achieved the first of many successes in Hollywood. Some years later, her career, low-profile in Germany, began on New York's Broadway, and gained great acclaim later on also in Europe. She was also very successful as a singer, and many of her film chansons became big hits on vinyl. In 1975 she received the Federal German 1st Class Order of Merit, and as early as 1977 was given the Federal German Film Prize for her lifetime achievements.
D - 2296
KNIGHTLEY Keira 26.3.1985 -
Keira Knightley je angle�ka igralka, model in pevka. Na televiziji je za�ela �e kot otrok, svoj prvi film je posnela leta 1995. Zaslovela je z natopom v filmu Bend It Like Beckham (na znamki GB-3606), mednarodno slavo pa dosegla leta 2003 kot Elizabeth Swann v filmu Pirati s Karibov. Na znamki GB-3606 je tudi Parminder Nagra .
Keira Knightley is an English actress, model and singer. She began acting as a child on television and made her film debut in 1995. She gained widespread recognition in 2002 after co-starring in the film Bend It Like Beckham (on stamp GB-3606) and achieved international fame in 2003 after appearing as Elizabeth Swann in the Pirates of the Caribbean. On stamp GB-3606 is also Parminder Nagra .
SU - 2817 UA - 1373
Kobilca Ivana 20.12.1861- 4.12.1926
Ivana Kobilca je najbolj znana slovenska slikarka. Svoj prvi umetni�ki pouk je imela v Ljubljani pri Idi Kuhl in pri skupnem slikanju s Ferdom Veselom. Potem je �tudirala in delala M�nchnu, Parizu, Florencah in Sarajevu. Svoja najpomembnej�a in najlep�a dela je ustvarila v M�nchnu, v Parizu in Berlinu. Motivi na njenih slikah so realisti�ne krajine, portreti in tiho�itja. V nekaj klju�nih slikah se je pribli�ala radikalnej�im impresionisti�nim re�itvam.
Ivana Kobilca is the most well-known Slovene woman painter. She had her first art lessons in Ljubljana, painting together with Ferdo Vesel at Ida Kuhl's place. Then she was studying and working in Munich, Paris, Florence and Sarajevo.Her greatest and the most beautiful works were created in Munich, Paris and Berlin. Motives on her paintings are realistic countrysides, portraits and still lifes. She came closer to more radical impressionistic solutions in some fundamental paintings.
SI - 142-143 YU - 2440 YU - 1261
KOCIECKA Karolina 1875 -
�lanica kolesarske zveze Var�ave
PL - 3073
Kock Karin 2.7.1891 - 28.7.1976
�vedska politi�arka je prva �enska �lanica �vedske vlade. Kot ekonomski strokovnjak je odigrala pomembno vlogo v dru�bi.
She was the first woman member of the Swedish government. She played a prominent part in society, especially as an economics expert, and made valuable contributions in the fields of science, politics, and administration.
S - 1943
Kogelnik Kiki 22.1.1935 - 1.2.1997
Ena najpomembnej�ih avstrijskih umetnikov povojnega obdobja je �tudirala grafi�no oblikovanje in kiparstvo na Dunajski akademiji za uporabne umetnosti in na Akademiji za likovno umetnost. Leta 1961 je prvi� samostojno razstavljala svoja abstraktna dela na Dunaju. Prva njena dela so pod plivom pop arta, ki pa jih kmalu podredi svojemu izra�anju. Leta 1962 je razvila prvo serijo portretov prijateljev iz papirnih kola�ev, ki so glavni temelj njenega umetni�kega ustvarjnja. Ustvarjala je tudi slike, grafike, skulpture in kreativne instalacije. Lata 1998 je bila v galeriji Belvedere njena velika retrospektivna razstava.
Kiki Kogelnik is among the most important Austrian artists of the post war period. Her artistic career began in 1954 when she began studying graphic and sculpture design at the Viennese College for Applied Arts. The following year Kogelnik moved to the Academy of Fine Arts where she took painting classes with Albert Paris-G�tersloh. Thanks to her early involvement among the surrounding milieu of the gallery near St. Steven, Monsignore Otto Mauer granted her the first ever single exhibition of abstract works in Vienna (1961). From the early 1960�s Kiki Kogelnik worked and resided in New York, Vienna and her hometown, Bleiburg. Her first artistic creations reflect the abstract forms of Pop-Art which she adopted early on but are characterised by her own distinctive picture language. In 1962 she developed the first series of wrapping paper collages, portraying friends and colleagues. These silhouettes became a principal foundation of her artistic work, which included tableau paintings and graphics as well as sculptures and creative installations. In 1998 the prestigious Austrian Belvedere Gallery dedicated a large retrospective to her.
A - 2436
Koidula Lydia 24.12.1843 - 11.8.1886
Prva estonska pesnica s pravim imenom Lydia Emilie Florentine Jannsen je bila kljuďż˝na osebnost kulturnega prebujanja Estoncev. Objavljala je ďż˝lanke v oďż˝etovem ďż˝asopisu Postimees. Njeno najpomembnejďż˝e delo Emajõe ��bik je bilo objavljeno leta 1876.
Estonia's first woman poet and a key figure of the cultural awakening (pseudonym of Lydia Emilie Florentine Jannsen). Lydia wrote for her father on the national newspaper Postimees (The Courier) as well as publishing her own work. Koidulaďż˝s most important work, Emajõe ��bik, (The Nightingale of the the Mother River), was published in 1867.
Na znamki AL-2053 je tudi Naipi Bule .
Albanian partisan.
On stamp AL-2053 is also Naipi Bule .
AL - 2053
Kolb Annette 2.2.1875 - 3.12.1967
Nem�ka pisateljica se je v publicisti�nih delih, esejih in prevodih zavzemala za zdru�itev nem�kega in francoskega duha V ljubeznivo duhovitih romanih je opisovala �ivljenje aristokratske dru�be pred obema vojnama dela. Njena dela: Vzorec (1913), Daphne Herbst (1928), Gugalnica (1934).
She was German author and pacifist. She became active in pacifist causes during World War I and this caused her political difficulties from then on. She left Germany in the 1920s and her works were banned during the Third Reich. She wrote novels on high society and in later life wrote nonfiction about musicians. In 1955 she won the Goethe Prize.
D - 826
Kollwitz Kathe 8.7.1867 - 22.4.1945
Nem�ka slikarka je �tudirala slikarstvo v Berlinu in Minchnu. Po 1890 se je posvetila predvsem grafiki. Poro�ena je bila z zdravnikom. V njegovi ordinaciji je spoznala bedo revnih slojev. V 1. svetovni vojni padlemu sinu je oblikovala in postavila svojevrsten spomenik v Flandriji. Nacisti so odstranili njena dela in ji prepovedali delati. 1943 ji je letalska bomba uni�ila studio in ve�ino del. Najprej je ustvarjala v realisti�nem, kasneje pa ekspresionisti�nem slogu. Pomembni so njeni grafi�ni cikli Upor tkalcev (1897-98), Kme�ka vojna (1908) in Tema smrti (1936).
The distinguished German graphic artist Kathe Kollwitz took as her theme the suffering caused by poverty, rebellion, war, and death. Kollwitz's urgent social and political concern is evident in her major print cycles: The Weavers' Uprising (1895-98), a series of three lithographs and three etchings based on a play by Gerhardt Hauptmann; Peasants' War (1902-08), War (1922-23) and Proletariat (1925), both comprising woodcuts in an expressionist style reminiscent of Ernst Barlach; and Death (1934-35), lithographs that combine the theme of mortality with self-portraiture. Kollwitz is also known for her sculpture, notably her war monument (unveiled 1933) in Belgium's Roggevelt Military Cemetery.
GDR - 1609, 1610 D - 200 UN-Vienna - 96
D - 3100
KolLontai Aleksandra Mihajlovna 31.3.1872 - 9.3.1952
Sovjetska diplomatka in pisateljica. V letih 1922-45 v diplomatski slu�bi na Norve�kem, v Mehiki in ve�ino na �vedskem. Prva �enska ambasadorka v zgodovini diplomacije, sovjetska poslanica na Norve�kem, Mehiki in �vedski. Feministka, ukvarjala se je z �enskim vpra�anjem v socializmu.
She was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1914 on as a Bolshevik. A Soviet diplomat since 1923, she was appointed USSR Ambassador to e in 1943, becoming on of the earliest female ambassadors.
SU - 3994
KOO Kaija 10.9.1962 -
Finska pevka, ena najbolj uspe�nih finskih umetnic je svoj prvi samostojni album I'm Not Finished Kaija izdala leta 1986.
She is a Finnish singer and one of Finland's most successful female artists. She also served as a backup singer. Her first solo album, I'm Not Finished Kaija released in 1986.
FI - 2200
KOOT Aniek van 15.8.1990 -
Nizozemska invalidka na vozi�ku, igralka tenisa je na nekdanja zmagovalka na tekmovanjih Australia Open in US Open.
A Dutch wheelchair tennis player, a former Australian Open and US Open champion and World Number One.
Mad�arska socialdemokratka in mu�enka.
Na znamki H-836 je tudi Palne Knurp .
Hungarian Social Democrat and martyr.
On stamp H-836 is also Palne Knurp .
H - 836
Komisar�evskaja (KOMMISSARZHEVSKAYA) Vera 8.11.1864 - 23.2.1910
Ena najbolj znanih ruskih gledali�kih igralk na prelomu dvajsetega stoletja je nastopala v gledali��u Aleksandrine v Sankt Peterburgu. Njena najve�ja vloga je bila vloga Nine Zare�naje v �ehovem Galebu leta 1896. Leta 1904 je ustanovila svoje gledali��e, ki je bilo priljubljeno med rusko aristokracijo pri spodbujanju idej ruskega simbolizma.
She was the most celebrated Russian actress at the turn of the twentieth century. She was the daughter of Fyodor Komissarzhevsky, a high-profile tenor of the Mariinsky Theatre, At the age of 19 she married Count Muravyov but preferred to keep her stage name after the marriage. Since 1896, she worked in the Alexandrine Theatre of St Petersburg. Her greatest triumph was the role of Nina Zarechnaya in the premiere of Chekhov's The Seagull in 1896. In 1904, Komissarzhevskaya established her own theatre, which proved immensely popular with the Russian aristocracy in promoting the ideas of Russian Symbolism.
SU - 2316
Konopnicka Maria 23.5.1842 - 8.10.1910
Poljska pesnica, pripovednica, prevajalka, novinarka in kriti�arka je v�asih svoja dela objavljala tudi pod psevdonimi, pogosto pod posevdonimom "Jan Sawa." Je predstavnica pozitivisti�nega obdobja v poljski iteraturi. V svojih delih se je dotika vpra�anj s katerimi se spopada dru�ba v njenem �asu in tako vplivala na bodo�e generacije poljskih pesnikov in pisateljev.
Na znamki CZ-2828 je ilustracija iz njenega dela Sirota Marija in �krati ruskega slikarja Genadija Spirina.
Polish poet, novelist, writer for children and youth, translator, journalist and critic. She sometimes used pen names, often "Jan Sawa." Konopnicka was a representative poet of the Positivist period in Polish literature. She composed sensitive poetry that projects realism, freshness and spontaneity. Her writings touched on many questions that beset society in her time, and thus influenced the next generation of Polish poets and novelists.
On stamp CZ-2828 is ilustration from her work The Little Orpahan Mara and the Gnomes of russian painter Genadija Spirina.
On stamps PL-1364/69 are ilustrations from her fairy tale The Little Orpahan Mara and the Gnomes
PL - 4399
Koppen Lene 5.5.1953 -
Danska igralka badmintona je postala leta 1977 svetovna prvakinja med posameznicami in v me�anih parih z Steenom Skovgardom.
Danish badminton player, she won on first world championships women-singles and mixed doubles (with Steen Skovgard) in 1977 in Malmo (Sweden). She and Camilla Martin are the only Danish women to win both the World and All-England singles titles.
DK - 770
K�rner Hermine 30.5.1878 - 14.12.1960
Avstrijska gledali�ka igralka in re�iserka je debirala je leta 1898 v Mestnem Gledali��u na Dunaju. Delala je v Residenztheatru v Berlinu in Schauspielhausu v D�sseldorfu. Ustalila se je v Berlinu, kjer je bila aktivna kot igralka in kot direktorica gledali��. Igrala je tudi v nekaterih filmih.
The actress Hermine K�rner attended a piano study at Max Reger. She made her theater debut in 1898 at the Burgtheater in Vienna, it followed engagements at the Residenztheater Berlin and at the Schauspielhaus D�sseldorf. Eventually she went to Berlin where she was active as an actress and director at the Deutsches Theater. She was director of the Schauspielhaus, at the Lustspieltheater and at the K�nstlertheater from 1919 to 1925. Her creative power was always orientated to the theater still Hermine K�rner took also part in some movies. To her early movies belong Das Leid (1916) and Die Einsame (1916), in the 20's follwed the production Der Mensch am Wege (1923). She appeared in movies now and then till her death, so in Altes Herz geht auf die Reise (1938), Friedemann Bach (1941), Trag�die einer Leidenschaft (1949) and Die Irre von Chaillot (1960).
D - 911
KORONDI Margit 24.6.1932 -
Mad�arska telovadka ja na poletnih olimpijskih igrah v Helsinkih leta 1952 osvojila zlato medaljo na dvovi�inski bradlji in eno srebrno medaljo ter �tiri bronaste medalje. Na OI 1956 v Melbournu je osvojila zlato in srebrno medaljo v ekipnem tekmovanju v ritmi�ni gimnastiki.
Na bloku H-5319 so tudi: Val�ria Gyenge , �gnes Keleti , �va Sz�kely , Ilona Nov�k , Judit Temes , �va Nov�k , Katalin Sz�ke in M�ria Littomeritzky .
She is a Hungarian gymnast and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki where she received a gold medal in uneven bars, one silver medal and four bronze medals. She received a gold medal in team, portable apparatus and a silver medal in team, combined exercises at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
Mad�arska medicinska sestra je ustanovila ve� voja�kih poljskih bolnic.
H - 4048
KOSTANDINOVA Stefka 25.3.1965 -
Bolgarska �portnica svetovna rekorderka v skoku v vi�ino. Na OI 1996 v Atlanti je osvojila zlato medaljo z rezultatom 2,05 m, Na OI 1988 v Seulu pa je osvojila srebrno. Sedaj je predsednica bolgarskega olimpijskega komiteja.
She is a Bulgarian athlete the current women's world record holder in the high jump. She is retired from competition and currently is president of the Bulgarian Olympic Committee. She won the gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, setting an Olympic record of 2.05 m and silver medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
BG - 4832
Kosteliďż˝ Janica 5.1.1982 -
Hrva�ka alpska smu�arka je za�ela smu�ati �e pri treh letih. V sezoni 2000/2001 je zmagala v skupni uvrstitvi za svetovni pokal v smu�anju in v posebni slalomski uvrstitvi. Na zimskih olimpijskih igrah v Salt Lake City 2002 je Janica dobila 4 medalje: tri zlate in eno srebrno, rezultat, ki ga ni �e nih�e dosegel na zimskih OI. Na svetovnem prvenstvu v Bormiu 2005 je osvojila 3 zlate medalje: v smuku, kombinaciji in slalomu.
Janica Kosteliďż˝ started skiing when she was only three. In season 2000/2001 she won the Big Crystal Globe for the total victory in the World Skiing Cup and the Small Crystal Globe for the victory in slalom. At the Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City 2002, Janica won 4 Olympic medals, three gold and one silver - a result no one ever achieved in the history of Olympic Games. On World championship Bormia 2005 she won 3 gold medals.
Koster Lou 7.5.1889 - 17.11.1973
Luksembur�ka skladateljica.
As the daughter of the orchestra leader for the Luxembourg Army First Chasseurs� battalion, Franz Hoebig, Lou Koster grew up in a family of musicians. Thus it was no surprise when, in 1907, she began studying music; afterwards she taught violin, piano, and solfeggio at the conservatory of Luxembourg. She put to music the word of the great poets (including Alfred de Musset, Paul Verlaine, J.W. von Goethe, Edouard M�rike and Theodor Storm) and composed piano scores for the works of Luxembourg authors such as Nic. Welter (notably, one of his most important works, the ballad Le violoniste d�Echternach), Willy Goergen, Lucien Koenig and W�llem Weis. The music of Lou Koster was neither avant-garde nor classical modernism. Her music reminds us very simply of � the good old days� and that�s why she fascinates the listener. It was only in 1959 that Lou Koster interpreted with great success her first � R�cital de m�lodies et de po�sies � with famous Luxembourg artists. In 1964, for her 75th birthday, the highest honours of the Union Grand-Duc Adolphe were conferred upon her.
Koszutska Maria 2.2.1876 - 9.7.1939
poljska politi�arka
Polish politician (pseudonim Wera Kostrzewa) was a leader and theoretician of the Polish Socialist Party "Left" faction (Polska Partia Socialistyczna, PPS ďż˝ Lewica) and later of the Communist Party of Poland (KPP). She joined the PPS in 1902 and was a member of the executive of the splinter PPS-Left, and the KPP from 1918. With interruptions, she sat on the Central Committee of the KPP 1918-29 and its politburo 1923-29. After 1929 she lived in the USSR, working in a publishing house. She opposed the Stalinization of the KPP and the Communist International. Arrested in 1937 during Stalinist purges, she died in prison 1939.
PL - 2774
KotopOuli Marika 1887 - 24.3.1953
Velika gr�ka gledali�ka igralka je bila aktivna v 1. polovici 20. stoletja. Njen repertoar je obsegal vse zvrsti dramatike od veseloiger do klasi�nih tragedij.
Great theatrical actress in Greece, overarching with her personality, radiance and talent the first half of 20th century. She had an admirable capability of playing in all the theatrical forms from vaudeville to ancient tragedy.
GR - 1673
KOVACS Margit 1902 - 1977
Mad�arska likovnica - kerami�arka je �tudirala doma na Mad�arskem in v tujini. Svojo kariero je za�ela v zgodnjih tridesetih letih s terakotnimi kipci na kolesih in stenskimi slikami s folklornimi motivi.
Margit Kov�cs prepared for her career as a ceramist during her studies in schools in Hungary and abroad. Her artistic career began in the early thirties with modelled, terracotta figurines, relieves and wheeled ornamental pieces that were followed by ornamental pieces of more individualistic tone that assimilated more conventionalised wall-pictures with folkloristic effects from the second half of the thirties.
H - 4749-50 H - 4751
Kovalevskaja Sonja 15.1.1850 - 10.2.1891
Ruska matemati�arka je veliko prispevala k razvoju teorije diferencialnih ena�b. Njen o�e je pri njej spodbujal zanimanje za matematiko. Najel ji je osebnega u�itelja. Da bi lahko �tudirala, se je poro�ila s paleontologom Kovalevskim in z njim od�la v Nem�ijo, kjer so jo leta 1869 sprejeli na heidelber�ko univerzo. Po dveh letih se je preselila v Berlin. Tu se je morala zadovoljiti z zasebnimi urami pri matematiku Karlu Weierstrassu, saj na berlinski univerzi niso sprejemali �ensk. Pripravila je kar tri doktorske disertacije, preden je leta 1874 ob podpori Weierstrassa doktorirala na univerzi v Gottingergu. Postala je prva Evropejka z doktoratom iz matematike in ki je dognanja disertacije tudi objavila. Leta 1883 po mo�evem samomoru je dobila docentsko mesto na univerzi v Stockholmu. Za�ela je urejati revijo Acta Mathematica. Leta 1886 je dobila Borodinovo nagrado za razpravo o vrtenju trdnega telesa okrog dolo�ene to�ke, ki je zajemala tudi analizo Saturnovih prstanov. Tega leta je prejela tudi nagrado �vedske akademije znanosti. Znana je po delih s podro�ja parcialnih diferencialnih ena�b, elipti�nih integralov in z uporabo matematike pri problemih astronomije. Za delo O gibanju togega telesa okoli mirne to�ke dobila nagrado Francoske akademije. Ukvarjala se je tudi s pisateljevanjem.
She was born into a noble Russian family and due to her gender had to overcome many obstacles in order to pursue her interest in mathematics. Barred from matriculating at Heidelberg, she audited lectures and later studied privately with Weierstrass, receiving a doctorate (in absentia) from Goettingen for an important paper on partial differential equations. Still, academic appointments eluded her. In 1884 she did obtain a position in Stockholm, thereafter winning honors and prizes, including the Prix Bordin in France.
SU - 1578 RU - 500
KOWALCZYK Justyna 19.1.1983 -
A Polish cross country skier won two gold olympic medals. She is also a double World Champion.
Kov�ova (Kowschowa) Natalia 1920 -1942
Ruska junakinja druge svetovne vojne, ostrostrelka, ki je ustrelila 300 nem�kih vojakov.
Hero of the Soviet Union, female sniper, she killed 300 german soilders.
SZ - 930
�lanica gr�ke vaterpolo ekipe, ki je na OI 2004 v Atenah osvojila srebrno medaljo.
She won silver medal OG 2004 Athene: greek water polo team.
GR -2255
KRAJA Maria 1911 - 1999
Albanska pevka se je �olala v Avstriji, tam je kon�ala tudi univerzo. Njen repertoar je obsegal vse vrste glasbe, od komorne glasbe do oratorijev in odrske glasbe.
Kraja Marije was singer of the period of the independence and in the later time. She completed her higher school and university in Austria. Her activity covers all genres of the vocal and elaborated music beginning with the chamber music (romance song) and oratorio up to the scenic music.
AL - 2993
Kralj Elvira 16.8.1900 - 6.9.1978
Slovenska gledali�ka in filmska igralka je prvi� nastopila na odru �e pri devetih letih. Leta 1919 je postala �lanica drame Narodnega gledali��a v Mariboru V tem gledali��u je igrala okoli 280 razli�nih vlog, v katerih je o�ivila mno�ico raznovrstnih likov deklet, �ena in mater. Od leta 1942 do upokojitve leta 1952 je bila �lanica Drame v Ljubljani. Bila je odli�na karakterna igralka. Enako kot v gledali��u je tudi na radiju in televiziji ustvarila vrsto nepozabnih likov in pomagala je graditi slovenski filmski izraz. Za svoje delo je dobila ve� priznanj. Najpomembnej�i sta Pre�ernova nagrada za �ivljenjsko delo, ki jo je dobila leta 1967 in Bor�tnikov prstan, ki ga je kot prva dobitnica prejela leta 1970.
Born in Trieste, Elvira Kralj, Slovene theatre and film actress, made her first stage appearance at the age of nine. In 1919 she joined the Maribor National Theatre and was notable in a succession of memorable characterizations of girls, wives and mothers. From 1942 until her retirement in 1952 she was a member of the Ljubljana Drama. She also performed on radio and television, and made many notable film appearances. Elvira Kralj acted in a versatile range of roles bringing to them a depth of character. She received numerous awards for her life's work, the most important being the Pre�eren's Life Achievement Award and the Borsnik's Ring, which she received in 1970.
SI - 285
KRALJ Mara 9.9.1909 -
Kraljeva se je rodila na Dunaju pesnici slovenske moderne Vidi Jerajevi in o�etu violinistu Karlu Jeraju. Leta 1928 je kon�ala tehni�no srednjo �olo v Ljubljani na oddelku za keramiko. Istega leta se je poro�ila s slikarjem, ekspresionisti�nem kiparjem in ilustratorjem Tonetom Kraljem. Slikarsko se je izpopolnjevala v Parizu in Italiji, v oblikovanju filmskih mask in lutk pa v Pragi. Od leta 1947 je delala kot maskerka pri Triglav filmu. Med drugim je sodelovala pri prvem slovenskem celove�ernem filmu Na svoji zemlji. Od leta 1952 je oblikovala lutke in maske v Lutkovnem gledali��u Ljubljana. Umetnosti rezbarjenja jo je nau�il mo� Tone, oblikovalsko pa je vse bolj razvijala svoj lasten rokopis. Njeno prvo delo so bile lutke za marionetno predstavo Obuti ma�ek (1953). Sledile so �tiri igre ro�nih lutk z veseljakom Pavliho, za njimi pa spet poeti�ni lesenja�ki na nitkah: Lenuh Pole�uh, Sre�ni princ Oscarja Wilda in imenitni Ostr�ek, ki je navdu�eval gledalce na turneji po Zahodni Nem�iji (1960). Od zamisli do kon�ne izvedbe je z lutkami opremila tudi Je�kovo Zvezdico Zaspanko, Butalce Frana Mili�inskega, Pu�kinovo Pravljico o Kralju Saltanu in �e vrsto drugih.
Slovenian painter, puppet maker.
SI - 856
Kramer Martina 1965 -
Martina Kramer (rojena v Zagrebu) uporablja v svojih delih elementarne geometrijske oblike, enostavne materiale, blage temne sence in kontrastne barve.
Martina Kramer (born in Zagreb) uses elementary geometrical forms, simple materials, gentle, dark shades and contrasting colourings.
HR - 324
KRASNIK Antonija 1874 ďż˝ 1956
She was a Croatian painter, sculptor and a versatile artist of international renown. She is known for her portraits and watercolor studies, larger stone and smaller bronze sculptures. She studied at the famous Viennese Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Arts and Crafts) in the class of Koloman Moser, one of the leading protagonists of art d�co. After Vienna, she further practiced at the Paris Acad�mie Julian (E. Carri�re). Even though she dedicated herself mostly to the art of glass, Antonija Krasnik is one of the first Croatian artists who worked on interior design, fabric design, designing dresses and gown she herself wore, as well as designing various other objects of artistic crafts like candelabras, metal vessels, hair pins, tobacco cases and other everyday objects. She participated at numerous exhibitions of decorative art in Vienna, Berlin, Munich, London, St. Louis, Torino and Paris and her works were published in the most prominent European journals for art and culture.
HR - 1077
KRIZMANIďż˝ Anka 10.3.1896 - 2.11.1987
She was Croatian painter and engraver. She took classes at Tomislav Krizman�s private school ( from 1910 to 1913), then went studying at Kunstgewerbeschule in Dresden. The French government grant enabled her to study in Paris, in 1929�31. She makes her first public appearance as early as 1910, while she was in his mid-teens. She was known for her pastel and oil portraits as well as landscape and figure paintings. Anka Krizmani� has also done tapestries, fashion drawings and poster designs. Besides, she worked as illustrator at the Institute of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine. On stamp is her painting: Lovers.
HR - 1017
KROGH Hanne 24.1.1956 -
She is a Norwegian singer and a 1985 winner of the Eurovision Song Contest. She recorded her first album in 1970 when she was 14 and has been a fixture in Norwegian popular music since then. In 1971 she won the Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest selection, the Melodi Grand Prix, with the pop-ballad "Lykken er..." ("Happiness Is..."). On this occasion she finished last, but 14 years later she won the Eurovision Song Contest with Elisabeth Andreasson , whom together formed the duo Bobbysocks. She also took part for Norway as a part of the quartet Just 4 Fun in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991.
Poljska mladinska pisateljica in novinarka.
Na znamki PL-4186 je ilustracija iz njene Ura �krlatne vrtnice.
Polish autor.
PL - 4186
Krupskaja Nade�da 26.2.1869 - 27.2.1939
Ruska revolucionarka in �ena Vladimirja Lenina, s katerim se je poro�ila 1898. Pomagala je organizirati bolj�evi�ko stranko. Ko je stranka pri�la na oblast, pa je delovala v razli�nih slu�bah ministrstva za izobra�evanje. Po Leninovi smrti je predstavila njegov tako imenovani Testament, kjer je Lenin predlagal odstranitev Stalina iz vodstva partije. Testament ni imel nobenega vpliva, Krupskaja pa je izgubila ves vpliv, �eprav je �e vedno delala v vladi.
Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, was a Russian revolutionary and the wife of Vladimir Ilich Lenin, whom she married in 1898. She helped organize the Bolshevik party and, after the party seized power (October 1917), held various posts in the education commissariat. When Lenin died (1924), Krupskaya presented to the Politburo his so-called Testament, in which he recommended the removal of Joseph Stalin from the party leadership. No action was taken, and Krupskaya lost all influence, although she continued to serve in the government.
BG - 1159 SU - 140 SU - 2980
Kru�elniska Solomija 1872 - 1952
Solomija je �tudirala petje na Lvovskem Konzervatoriju. Svoj prvi nastop je imela leta 1893 v Lvovski operi. �tudije je nadaljevala v Milanu. Od 1896 do sredine 1920-tih je pela v ve�ini evropskih in ju�no ameri�kih opernih hi�ah. Imela je glas obsega treh oktav, strasten temperament in igralske sposobnosti. Sredi 1920-tih se je za�ela ukvarjati s koncertnimi recitali v katere je vklju�ila tudi ukrajinske narodne pesmi. Leta 1939 se je vrnila v Lvov, kjer je pou�evala petje na Lvovskem konzervatoriju.
Solomyia studied singing at the Lviv Conservatory. She made her singing debut after graduating in 1893 with the Lviv Opera. She then went to Milan (1893 -1896) for further studies.From 1896 to the mid-1920s, she performed with most of the great opera companies of Europe and South America She had a voice that had a range of three octaves, plus a fiery temperment and acting abilities.In the mid-1920s, she turned from opera to concert recitals. Her concert recitals included Ukrainian folk songs. In 1939, she returned to Lviv. From 1944 to 1952, she taught solo singing at the Lviv Conservatory.
UA - 219
KRZESINSKA-DURSKA Elzbieta 11.11.1934 -
Poljska atletinja je na OI v Melburnu 1956 osvojila zlato medaljo v skoku v daljavo (6,35 m). Tega leta je bila progla�ena tudi za �portnico leta na Poljskem.
Polish athlete won gold medal long jump in Summer Olympics - Melburne 1956 (6,35 m) and in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome won silver medal. She won the Polish championships in Long Jump (1952, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1959, 1962, 1963), 80m Hurdles (1957), and Pentathlon (1953, 1962). She was also proclaimed as Polish the best sportwoman.
Na znamki UA-861 je njena slika: Cesta spominov.
Ukrainian painter.
On stamp UA-861 is her painting: Small street.
UA - 861
KuNZ Emma 23.5.1892 - 16.1.1963
�vicarska slikarka in izvajalka netradicionalne medicine. Na znamki CH-1506 je njeno delo: Work No. O95.
She is Swiss artist and nontraditional medicine practitioner. On stamp CH-1506 is her work: Work No. O95.
CH - 1506
Kuosmanen Mirjami 22.2.1915 - 5.8.1963
Finska filmska igralka je v letih med 1937 in 1956 nastopala v 24 filmih. Debirala je leta 1938 v filmu The Song of the Silent Flower. Leta 1950 je igrala v treh filmih Erika Blomberja: The White Reindeer (na znamki FI-1340), Having Feelings in The Engagement.
Finnish film actress in 24 films between 1937 and 1956. She debuted in 1938 in film The Song of the Silent Flower of Teuvo Tulio. In 1950s she played in three films directed by Erik Blomber: The White Reindeer (on stamp FI-1340), Having Feelings and The Engagement.
FI - 1340
KURTOVIďż˝ KAVURIďż˝ Nives 18.1.1939 -
Kurtoviďż˝ is a painter of a unique expressiveness, favouring surrealist phantasmagorical features. She is foremost recognised also as a graphic designer. She graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb in 1962. In 1997 she became member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. She held numerous one-man exhibitions, particularly significant was one held in the Cabinet of Graphic Art of the Yugoslav Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963. She also held numerous group exhibitions on all the Continents with the exception of Australia. She won numerous national and international prizes, particularly important is the Grand Prix at the 5th Youth Biannual in Paris (1967), First Prize at the 2nd Internationale Malerwochen in Graz (1968). In focus of her artistic interest are human figures, particularly expressively designed-enhanced with naturalistic details ďż˝ revealing them as isolated, alienated and full of anxiety individuals.
On HR-928 is her printing: A Bosom Full of Wind.
Na znamki UA-862 je njena slika: Sprehod po Kijevu.
Ukrainian painter.
On stamp UA-862 is her painting: The walk on Kiev.
UA - 862
Kvapilova Hana 29.11.1860 - 8.4.1907
�e�ka gledali�ka igralka in glavna predstavnica �e�ke emancipacije �ensk v �asu fin-de-siecla. Narodnemu gledali��u Praga se je pridru�ila leta 1888, le pet let po ustanovitvi tega ajbolj reprezentativnega prizori��a �e�kega narodnega gibanja.
Kvapilova has been widely considered by her contemporaries and theatre historians both a "national actress" and a chief representative of Czech women's emancipation on the fin-de-siecle stage. She joined the Prague National Theatre in 1888, only five years after the opening of this most representative venue of the Czech nationalist movement.
CZ - 1218
KYRKJEBØ Sissel 24.6.1969 -
Norve�ka sopranistka. Njen repertuar obsega vse od pop do narodne glasbe, od klasi�nih opernih arij do operet. Leta 1994 je zapela olimpijsko himno pri odprtju zimskih olimpijskih iger v Lillehammerju. Leta 2007 je bila v sodelovanju z Mormonskim zborom prvi� nominirana za Grammy.
norwegian soprano is considered one of the world's top crossover sopranos. Sissel's musical style runs the gamut from pop recordings and folk songs, to classical vocals and operatic arias. She possesses a "crystalline" voice and wide vocal range, sweeping down from mezzo-soprano notes to the F natural above soprano C. She sings mainly in English and Norwegian. She is well known for singing the Olympic Hymn at the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Sissel received her first U.S. Grammy nominations on 6 December 2007 for a collaboration with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Spirit of the Season, a collection of songs from the choir�s 2006 Christmas concert featuring Sissel and the Orchestra at Temple Square, was nominated for the Best Classical Crossover Album of the Year, as well as Best Engineered Classical Album.
N - 1764
Kyveli (Adrianou) 1888 - 1978
Velika gr�ka gledali�ka igralka in gledali�ka direktorica. Debitirala je leta 1901 kot Julija novo ustanovljenem gledali��u Nea Skini. Leta 1932 je igrala s svojo veliko nasprotnico Mariko Kotopouli v Schillerjevi Mariji Stuart. Znana je po svojih vlogah v Xenopoulovi igri Skrivnost kontese Valeriane, v �ehovi igri Galeb in Brechtovi Materi koraj�i.
Great actress and manager of theatre companies was first employed in 1901 in Christomanos' newly-founded Nea Skini where she played the role of Juliet. In 1932 she cooperated with her great adversary Marika Kotopouli in Schiller's Maria Stuart. Distinguished was her acting in Xenopoulo's The Secret of Contessa Valeraina, in Checkov's The Seagull, in Brecht's Mother Courage.
| i don't know |
What is the surname of Emma in the book by Jane Austen? | How Jane Austen’s Emma changed the face of fiction | Books | The Guardian
Jane Austen
How Jane Austen’s Emma changed the face of fiction
The story of a self-deluded heroine in a small village, Jane Austen’s Emma hardly seems revolutionary. But, 200 years after it was first published, John Mullan argues that it belongs alongside the works of Flaubert, Joyce and Woolf as one of the great experimental novels
Illustration by Susie Hogarth.
Saturday 5 December 2015 03.00 EST
Last modified on Tuesday 20 September 2016 05.56 EDT
Share on Messenger
Close
In January 1814, Jane Austen sat down to write a revolutionary novel. Emma, the book she composed over the next year, was to change the shape of what is possible in fiction. Perhaps it seems odd to call Austen “revolutionary” – certainly few of the other great pioneers in the history of the English novel have thought so. From Charlotte Brontë, who found only “neat borders” and elegant confinement in her fiction, to DH Lawrence, who called her “English in the bad, mean, snobbish sense of the word”, many thought her limited to the small world and small concerns of her characters. Some of the great modernists were perplexed. “What is all this about Jane Austen ?” Joseph Conrad asked HG Wells. “What is there in her? What is it all about?” “I dislike Jane … Could never see anything in Pride and Prejudice,” Vladimir Nabokov told the critic Edmund Wilson.
Austen left behind no artistic manifesto, no account of her narrative methods beyond a few playful remarks in letters to her niece, Anna. This has made it easy for novelists and critics to follow Henry James’s idea of her as “instinctive and charming”. “For signal examples of what composition, distribution, arrangement can do, of how they intensify the life of a work of art, we have to go elsewhere.” She hardly knew what she was doing, so, implicitly, the innovative novelist like James has nothing to learn from her.
There have been scattered exceptions. The year after he published More Pricks Than Kicks , the young Samuel Beckett told his friend Thomas McGreevy, “Now I am reading the divine Jane. I think she has much to teach me.” (One looks forward to the scholarly tome on the influence of Jane Austen on Samuel Beckett.) Contemporary novelists have been readier to acknowledge her genius and influence. Janeites felt a frisson of satisfaction to see that the most formally ingenious British postmodern novel of recent years, Ian McEwan’s Atonement, opens with a lengthy epigraph from Northanger Abbey. McEwan alerts the reader to the fact that his own novel learns its tricks – about a character who turns fictional imaginings into disastrous fact – from the genteel and supposedly conservative Austen.
Emma, published 200 years ago this month, was revolutionary not because of its subject matter: Austen’s jesting description to Anna of the perfect subject for a novel – “Three or four families in a country village” – fits it well. It was certainly not revolutionary because of any intellectual or political content. But it was revolutionary in its form and technique. Its heroine is a self-deluded young woman with the leisure and power to meddle in the lives of her neighbours. The narrative was radically experimental because it was designed to share her delusions. The novel bent narration through the distorting lens of its protagonist’s mind. Though little noticed by most of the pioneers of fiction for the next century and more, it belongs with the great experimental novels of Flaubert or Joyce or Woolf. Woolf wrote that if Austen had lived longer and written more, “She would have been the forerunner of Henry James and of Proust”. In Emma, she is.
Pinterest
Saoirse Ronan and James McAvoy in Atonement (2007) Photograph: Ronald Grant Archive
To measure the audacity of the book, take a simple sentence that no novelist before her could have written. Our privileged heroine has befriended a sweet, open, deeply naive girl of 17 called Harriet Smith. It is a wholly unequal relationship: Emma is the richest and cleverest woman in Highbury; Harriet is the “natural daughter of someone”, left as a permanent resident of the genteel girls’ boarding school in the town. While cultivating their relationship, Emma knows very well that Harriet is her inferior. “But in every respect as she saw more of her, she was confirmed in all her kind designs.”
The sentence is in the third person, yet we are not exactly being told something by the author. “Kind designs” is Emma’s complacent judgment of herself. Even the rhyme in the phrase makes it sound better to herself. In fact, the kindness is all in the mind of the beholder. Emma has set out to mould Harriet. Emma’s former companion, Miss Taylor, has got married and become Mrs Weston, leaving her solitary and at a loose end. Harriet will be her project. Her plans are kind, she tells herself, because she will improve this uninstructed and wide-eyed young woman. We should be able to hear, however, that her designs are utterly self-serving. Soon she is persuading Harriet to refuse a marriage proposal from a farmer who loves her, and beguiling her with the wholly illusory prospect of marriage to the smooth young vicar, Mr Elton.
Take another little sentence from much later in the novel. By now Emma is convinced that Harriet, scorned by Mr Elton, can be paired off with the highly eligible Frank Churchill. The only impediment seems to be the inflexible Mrs Churchill, Frank’s adoptive mother, who expects him to find a much grander wife. Then news arrives of Mrs Churchill’s sudden death. Emma meets Harriet, who has also heard. “Harriet behaved extremely well on the occasion, with great self-command.” Obviously she is learning self-possession from her patron. “Emma was gratified to observe such a proof in her of strengthened character.”
Except that this is all twaddle. Harriet does not give a fig for Frank and never has. Emma has elaborately deluded herself again. The narration follows the path of Emma’s errors. Indeed, the first-time reader will sometimes follow this path too, and then share the heroine’s surprise when the truth rushes upon her. Yet it is still a third-person narrative; Emma is not telling her own story. We both share her judgments and watch her making them.
Austen was the first novelist to manage this alchemy. She was perfecting a technique that she had begun developing in her first published novel, Sense and Sensibility. It was only in the early 20th century that critics began agreeing on a name for it: free indirect style (a translation from the original French: style indirect libre). It describes the way in which a writer imbues a third-person narration with the habits of thought or expression of a fictional character. Before Austen, novelists chose between first-person narrative (letting us into the mind of a character, but limiting us to his or her understanding) and third-person narrative (allowing us a God-like view of all the characters, but making them pieces in an authorial game). Austen miraculously combined the internal and the external.
Scholars have raked through the fiction of predecessors and contemporaries such as Fanny Burney and Maria Edgeworth , and found a few flickerings of this technique, but nothing more. In our own time, novelists use it almost as second nature, without necessarily giving it a name or thinking that they have learned it from somewhere. Yet, though its pioneer, Austen used it with an assurance that has never been surpassed. David Lodge has observed how odd James’s condescension is, given that he came to specialise in the very technique Austen had pioneered: “Telling the story through the consciousness of characters whose understanding of events is partial, mistaken, deceived, or self-deceived.” It has been easy for sophisticated readers – especially rival novelists – to miss her sophistication.
Pinterest
Romola Garai as Emma in the BBC’s 2009 adaptation. Photograph: BBC
By the time that she began writing Emma, Austen was no longer responding to other novelists, she was in new territory, in dialogue with her own earlier novels. She had been steeped in the fiction of the 18th and early 19th centuries, and in her earliest work she wrote against the novels of sensibility or the gothic fiction that she knew so well. But in the creative furore that saw her complete her last four novels in five years, she left the conventions of existing fiction behind. She began work on Emma before she had even received the proofs of Mansfield Park. That novel’s heroine, Fanny Price, was reticent, self-abnegating, powerless and often silent or absent. As if in response to her own experiment, she now created a heroine who is assertive, dominant, all too powerful. Emma Woodhouse thrusts herself forward in the novel’s title and its very first sentence.
Her viewpoint is so dominant that it takes several readings before you realise how subtly we are invited to imagine how Emma looks to some of the other characters. How Mr Elton imagines that she is egging him on to propose to her (“I think your manners to him encouraging”, warns Mr John Knightley, to no avail). How Jane Fairfax dreads her inquisitiveness and hates her monopolising of Frank Churchill. How the Martin family must regard her as the heartless snob who has torn Harriet away from the man who loves her. All this is intimated through Emma’s own glimmerings of insight – which she duly crushes. Austen’s narrative enacts her heroine’s victories over her own better self.
There is, however, one carefully calculated chapter in the whole novel narrated from another character’s viewpoint. Deep in the third volume, Austen jolts the reader with a chapter from Mr Knightley’s point of view. It comes at a crucial point, where Frank uncharacteristically blunders by mentioning an item of parochial gossip that he can only know from his secret correspondence with Jane: Mr Perry the apothecary is getting a carriage (because he is making so much money from the maladies imaginaries of Highbury). How could he know? “It must have been a dream,” laughs Frank. Emma is “out of hearing”, but Mr Knightley is observing. He watches as all the major characters sit down to play a word game (the novel is full of games and puzzles) and Frank selects the letters for the word “blunder”. Mr Knightley sees and suspects. “Disingenuousness and double-dealing seemed to meet him at every turn.” The spell of Emma’s consciousness has been so powerful that Austen has to wake us up for a moment. But the chapter ends with Mr Knightley suggesting to Emma that there might be some intimate “degree of acquaintance” between Frank and Jane – only to have his suspicions routed by her. “There is no admiration between them, I do assure you.” No one can say she was not given the chance to see the truth.
By the time she began Emma, Austen was in new territory. She had left existing fiction behind
Austen has several different ways of getting us to read through Emma. At key moments, free indirect style becomes something closer to dramatised thought. Austen develops her own system of punctuation for this. Here is our heroine, back home after the Westons’ Christmas Eve dinner party, reflecting on Mr Elton’s marriage proposal (“actually making violent love to her”) in the carriage home. She had persuaded herself that he was amorously interested in Harriet; worse, she had persuaded Harriet of this too.
The hair was curled, and the maid sent away, and Emma sat down to think and be miserable.—It was a wretched business indeed!—Such an overthrow of every thing she had been wishing for!—Such a development of every thing most unwelcome!—Such a blow for Harriet!—that was the worst of all. Every part of it brought pain and humiliation, of some sort or other; but, compared with the evil to Harriet, all was light; and she would gladly have submitted to feel yet more mistaken—more in error—more disgraced by mis-judgment, than she actually was, could the effects of her blunders have been confined to herself.
Austen’s idiosyncratic punctuation, that system of exclamation marks and dashes, allows for a kind of dramatised thought process. Yet because it is still in the third person, we can judge Emma even as we share her thoughts. She is a person worth our sympathy because she is capable of acknowledging and feeling sorry for her mistakes. But, by the unprecedented subtlety of Austen’s narrative technique, we sense that Emma regrets the scotching of her plans (“Such an overthrow of everything she had been wishing for!”) as much as (or more than?) the impending pain for Harriet. We can even hear her trying to persuade herself (“she would gladly have submitted … ”) of her unselfishness.
Pinterest
Alan Cumming (Mr Elton), Juliet Stevenson (Mrs Elton), Polly Walker (Jane Fairfax) and Ewan McGregor (Frank Churchill) in the 1996 film, which starred Gwyneth Paltrow as Emma. Photograph: Allstar/Cinetext/Miramax
The novel’s stylistic innovations allow it to explore not just a character’s feelings, but, comically, her deep ignorance of her own feelings. Out of vanity, encouraged by the promptings of Mr and Mrs Weston, Emma has persuaded herself that Frank, whom she has never met, might be the perfect partner for her. When he finally turns up he proves handsome and humorous and intelligent. Understandably, she soon starts seeing the signs that he must be falling for her; better still, she also starts convincing herself that “she must be a little in love with him”. A few amusing confidences shared with smooth Frank Churchill, and she presumes it is the real thing. “Emma continued to entertain no doubt of her being in love.” Her capacity for self-congratulation deceives her about even the workings of her own heart. Austen does not tell us this, as George Eliot would eloquently tell us: she simply lets us inhabit Emma’s consciousness, simply lets us see the world according to Emma.
Even better is her self-deception about the man whom she does love. When Mrs Weston suggests that Mr Knightley’s evident admiration of Jane presages their likely marriage, the narrative tells us of Emma’s response, but also stages her self-deception.
She could see nothing but evil in it. It would be a great disappointment to Mr. John Knightley; consequently to Isabella. A real injury to the children—a most mortifying change, and material loss to them all;—a very great deduction from her father’s daily comfort—and, as to herself, she could not at all endure the idea of Jane Fairfax at Donwell Abbey. A Mrs. Knightley for them all to give way to!—No—Mr. Knightley must never marry. Little Henry must remain the heir of Donwell.
How natural, then, that when our heroine does realise what love is, it is as a nasty shock. Her erstwhile puppet – now her Frankenstein’s monster – Harriet reveals that she (no longer quite so modest) has her heart set on Mr Knightley and has good reason to think that he returns her affection. Why is the idea of Harriet marrying Mr Knightley so unacceptable? “It darted through her, with the speed of an arrow, that Mr. Knightley must marry no one but herself!” What a brilliant sentence that is! With absolute daring, Austen shows us that love can be a discovery of what a person has unknowingly felt for many a long month or year. Now, suddenly and for the first time, Emma understands the plot of her own story. But even at this moment of self-knowledge Austen lets us hear or feel the character’s imperiousness, her overpowering sense that events “must” meet her desires.
Which is why those who condemn the novel by saying that its heroine is a snob miss the point. Of course she is. But Austen, with a refusal of moralism worthy of Flaubert, abandons her protagonist to her snobbery and confidently risks inciting foolish readers to think that the author must be a snob too. Emma’s snobbery pervades the novel, from that moment when we hear Mrs Goddard, the mistress of the little girls’ boarding school, and Mrs and Miss Bates described as “the most come-at-able” denizens of Highbury (meaning that they are at the beck and call of Emma and her hypochondriac father). Austen has the integrity to make Emma snobbish even when she is in the right. When Mr Elton proposes to her she recognises what the reader has always known: he is vain, cold-hearted and repulsive. But her enlightenment is also affronted dignity:
Those who condemn the novel by saying that its heroine is a snob miss the point. Of course she is
But—that he should talk of encouragement, should consider her as aware of his views, accepting his attentions, meaning (in short), to marry him!—should suppose himself her equal in connexion or mind!—look down upon her friend, so well understanding the gradations of rank below him, and be so blind to what rose above, as to fancy himself shewing no presumption in addressing her!—It was most provoking.
Similarly, her run-ins with Mrs Elton, some of the best comic dialogues in all fiction, show her to be perceptive and socially arrogant in equal measure. Mrs Elton, newly arrived in Highbury, visits Emma and talks of her introduction to Mr Knightley.
“I must do my caro sposo the justice to say that he need not be ashamed of his friend. Knightley is quite the gentleman. I like him very much. Decidedly, I think, a very gentleman-like man.”
Only when Mrs Elton leaves can Emma “breathe” her indignation.
“A little upstart, vulgar being, with her Mr. E., and her caro sposo, and her resources, and all her airs of pert pretension and underbred finery. Actually to discover that Mr. Knightley is a gentleman! I doubt whether he will return the compliment, and discover her to be a lady. I could not have believed it! And to propose that she and I should unite to form a musical club!”
Emma is right – and yet Emma too is full of herself. She even, unconsciously, uses the same vocabulary as her foe, who assures her, “I have quite a horror of upstarts”.
The magnificently ghastly Mrs Elton makes herself known through her voice and, in Emma, Austen discovers new and unprecedented ways of making a human voice live in print. Some of her techniques foresee the ingenuities of modernism. When Mrs Elton picks strawberries at Mr Knightley’s party at Donwell Abbey, a paragraph of fractured monologue brilliantly dramatises what must be at least half an hour’s worth of bossy babble.
“The best fruit in England—everybody’s favourite—always wholesome. These the finest beds and finest sorts.—Delightful to gather for one’s self—the only way of really enjoying them. Morning decidedly the best time—never tired—every sort good—hautboy infinitely superior—no comparison—the others hardly eatable—hautboys very scarce—Chili preferred—white wood finest flavour of all—price of strawberries in London—abundance about Bristol—Maple Grove—cultivation—beds when to be renewed—gardeners thinking exactly different—no general rule—gardeners never to be put out of their way—delicious fruit—only too rich to be eaten much of—inferior to cherries—currants more refreshing—only objection to gathering strawberries the stooping—glaring sun—tired to death—could bear it no longer—must go and sit in the shade.”
A ludicrous progress from know-all enthusiasm to sun-struck exhaustion. For garrulous Miss Bates, Highbury’s good-hearted resident bore, Austen invents a different kind of monologic outpouring that some have called Joycean. Here is just a little sample, as Miss Bates arrives for the ball at the Crown Inn.
“Thank you, my mother is remarkably well. Gone to Mr. Woodhouse’s. I made her take her shawl—for the evenings are not warm—her large new shawl— Mrs. Dixon’s wedding-present.—So kind of her to think of my mother! Bought at Weymouth, you know—Mr. Dixon’s choice. There were three others, Jane says, which they hesitated about some time. Colonel Campbell rather preferred an olive. My dear Jane, are you sure you did not wet your feet?—It was but a drop or two, but I am so afraid:—but Mr. Frank Churchill was so extremely—and there was a mat to step upon—I shall never forget his extreme politeness.”
And so on. There are other people here, not just listening but speaking, or trying to speak. And yet Miss Bates’s voice, self-generating and unstoppable, becomes for a while the only one you can hear.
Emma hardly listens to her “prosing”, and there have been readers who have likewise skipped the details of her speech. But one of Austen’s tricks is to embed many a clue as to the real ruses of other characters in the unsuspicious outpourings of this much-ignored old maid. “What is before me, I see,” she says, typically declaring herself incapable of perceiving what is indirect or implicit. But what she says is truer than what anyone hears: she is the reliable witness to what is really going on. Even that passage above offers clues as to what Frank is really up to. If this is a detective story, then Miss Bates is the foolish bit-part player offering the apparently trivial testimony that is dangerously ignored.
Pinterest
Phyllida Law (Mrs Bates) and Sophie Thompson (Miss Bates) in the 1996 film. Photograph: Rex/Moviestore Collection
Frank is, of course, conducting a covert romance with Jane, Miss Bates’s orphan niece, but he is so clever that it is easy to miss his tricks. Sharing Emma’s perspective, we sometimes get fooled too. Perhaps on a second reading of the novel we are properly suspicious of Frank’s motives in volunteering to mend the rivet in Mrs Bates’s spectacles: Jane is staying at the Bates’s tiny flat and he is always finding excuses to visit. But it will probably take more than two readings for most readers to notice how he has managed to get Miss Bates out of the flat – she bustles over the street to invite Emma in – so that he is alone with Jane and the sleeping (and stone deaf) old Mrs Bates. When we enter the front door with Emma we see through her eyes.
The appearance of the little sitting-room as they entered, was tranquillity itself; Mrs. Bates, deprived of her usual employment, slumbering on one side of the fire, Frank Churchill, at a table near her, most deedily occupied about her spectacles, and Jane, standing with her back to them, intent on her pianoforte.
Emma sees nothing untoward – but what has really been going on? Why is Frank so “deedily occupied” and Jane “intent” on a musical instrument? Surely they have been in a close embrace. It is as if there is a Charlotte Brontë story going on under Emma’s nose.
“The Passions are perfectly unknown to her,” Brontë declared, sounding like a character whom Austen would have delighted in depicting. She had been recommended Pride and Prejudice by George Eliot’s partner, George Henry Lewes, who was partly responsible for Eliot holding Austen in higher regard than most of the other great novelists of the 19th century. Lewes’s 1859 essay in Blackwood’s Magazine is still one of the most perceptive analyses of Austen’s powers.
But instead of description, the common and easy resource of novelists, she has the rare and difficult art of dramatic presentation: instead of telling us what her characters are, and what they feel, she presents the people, and they reveal themselves. In this she has never perhaps been surpassed, not even by Shakespeare himself.
Yet Lewes was rare among serious writers in giving her this status. But then, with Emma, Austen almost seems to be tempting inattentive readers to overlook her technical audacity – to miss her tricks.
None of Austen’s novels is as full of tricks as Emma, and many of them are carefully concealed to reward the rereader. I remember the moment, after many readings over the years, when I finally saw what she was doing with Mr Perry, the apothecary. Everyone is always quoting him, especially Emma’s valetudinarian father Mr Woodhouse: “as Perry says …”; “… This is just what Perry said”; “Ah! my dear, but Perry had many doubts about the sea doing her any good.” Mr Perry is always being spotted passing by (all those lucrative house calls) and his views are always being reported. Yet not a single word that he ever says is actually given us in the novel. Of course not! He is the echo to every person’s existing prejudices; no wonder he is so successful. It is a joke buried by Austen for posterity to discover. As she told her sister Cassandra, she only wrote for those who had “a great deal of ingenuity themselves”.
| Woodhouse |
Gerald Grosvenor has since 1979 been the 6th Duke of _____________ where? | Emma by Jane Austen
Sign up or Log in to rate this book and submit a review.
Great book. Jane Austen at her best.
Gabriela Uifalean Aug 21, 2014
Excerpt
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.
She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, indulgent father; and had, in consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses; and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection.
Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by her own.
The real evils, indeed, of Emma’s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her.
Sorrow came–a gentle sorrow–but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness.–Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. The wedding over, and the bride-people gone, her father and herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost.
The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age, and pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and promoted the match; but it was a black morning’s work for her. The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her past kindness–the kindness, the affection of sixteen years–how she had taught and how she had played with her from five years old–how she had devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health–and how nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large debt of gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse of the last seven years, the equal footing and perfect unreserve which had soon followed Isabella’s marriage, on their being left to each other, was yet a dearer, tenderer recollection. She had been a friend and companion such as few possessed: intelligent, well-informed, useful, gentle, knowing all the ways of the family, interested in all its concerns, and peculiarly interested in herself, in every pleasure, every scheme of hers–one to whom she could speak every thought as it arose, and who had such an affection for her as could never find fault.
How was she to bear the change?–It was true that her friend was going only half a mile from them; but Emma was aware that great must be the difference between a Mrs. Weston, only half a mile from them, and a Miss Taylor in the house; and with all her advantages, natural and domestic, she was now in great danger of suffering from intellectual solitude. She dearly loved her father, but he was no companion for her. He could not meet her in conversation, rational or playful.
The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and Mr. Woodhouse had not married early) was much increased by his constitution and habits; for having been a valetudinarian all his life, without activity of mind or body, he was a much older man in ways than in years; and though everywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart and his amiable temper, his talents could not have recommended him at any time.
Her sister, though comparatively but little removed by matrimony, being settled in London, only sixteen miles off, was much beyond her daily reach; and many a long October and November evening must be struggled through at Hartfield, before Christmas brought the next visit from Isabella and her husband, and their little children, to fill the house, and give her pleasant society again.
Useful Links
| i don't know |
What is the surname of the former Welsh Rugby Union player usually just known by the initials J P R? | WALES - Welsh Rugby Memorabilia from 1900 to present day,
WALES / CYMRU
Welsh rugby memorabilia - you will find on this page a marvellous selection of memorabilia from all eras of Welsh Rugby. From the first Golden era to the 2008 Grand Slam, we've got the lot. Click on the links below or scroll down to see what great items we have on offer.
2012 GRAND SLAM - 2008 GRAND SLAM - 2005 GRAND SLAM - 1900's GOLDEN ERA - BETWEEN THE WARS 1920's & 30's - WARTIME/SERVICES - POST-WAR 40s, 50s & 60s - 1970's GOLDEN ERA - WELSH CENTENARY YEAR - 1980s TO DATE - THE GREAT PLAYERS - GREAT WELSH VICTORIES - GROGGS - CARDIFF ARMS PARK - SCHOOLS & COLLEGES - WELSH RUGBY UNION - CLUBS - REGIONS
Welsh Rugby Book & DVD Gift Pack. This pack contains a 96 page full colour book titled "The Golden Age of Welsh Rugby" and a 100 minute DVD featuring 101 great Welsh Tries. An ideal gift for any Welsh rugby fan. The pack is brand new, unopened in very good condition. RRP �14.99
Ref: PL44-warrbkdv-gift.pack - �12.99
2012 Wales Grand Slam - INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMMES
v Ireland
WALES GRAND SLAM 2005
MAGIC MOMENTS - TURF PAPERWEIGHTS
Rugby Relics are proud to be able to offer the actual turf on which Shane Williams touched down for his try against England and the very piece of grass from which Gavin Henson launched his penalty kick that won the game for Wales. The pitch cut up badly during the game and the Millennium Stadium and Welsh Rugby Union decided a new pitch was needed. To do this the whole pitch needed to be removed and re-laid. These two important pieces of turf were pinpointed by stadium staff and removed from the main pitch on Tuesday 15th of February. We have turned these two pieces of historical turf into a series of limited edition paperweights.
For more information on the Magic Moments - Turf Paperweights - CLICK HERE
�10.00
A Limited Edition print by Jonathan Evans celebrating that wonderful moment when Gavin Henson kicked the winning goal against England to set Wales on their way to the 2005 Triple Crown and Grand Slam.
For further details CLICK HERE
The 2005/6 Rugby Annual for Wales (37th year) - This annual includes details of Wales' Grand Slam, the British Lions tour of New Zealand, Wales tour of North America + other European & Worldwide competitions. As always it is a mine of information, the most comprehensive view of rugby in Wales -
Ref: anwa2005-06 - �7.50
For other editions of the Rugby Annual for Wales including 2006/7 - CLICK HERE
1905 WALES v NEW ZEALAND - WALES TEAM POSTCARD SET
A quality set of 20 A6 size postcards featuring the Welsh team that defeated New Zealand in 1906. The postcards in this set are as follows:
Welsh team, Gwyn Nicholls, Percy Bush, Jack Williams, Rhys Gabe, Arthur Harding, Jehodia Hodges, Dai 'Tarw' Jones, Will Joseph, Teddy Morgan, Willie Llewellyn, Dicky Owen, Cliff Pritchard, Charlie Pritchard, George Travers, Bert Winfield, Sir JDT Llewellyn, Tom Williams, Ack Llewellyn & official programme.
Ref: pcwa1905nzst20 - �25.00
Wales v New Zealand 1905 facsimile programme. This programme was reproduced in 1981. It is the same as the original programme apart from reproduction details on the back page. 8 pages, in very good condition.
Ref: prwanz.1905.rpxb - �35.00
England v Wales Schools 1913 touch judges' flag. This embroidered flag which measures 47cm x 30cm was used in the intermediate (under 16) schools match at Leicester on March 1st 1913. England schools triumphed 17 points to 3, only their 2nd victory over Wales. The flag has some light marks and folding creases, for it's age it is in very good condition. From the collection of a former WRU President, COA provided.
Ref: PL10-mmrfflenwash1913-xc+COA - �195.00
PRE-WAR 1920's & 30's
WALES v FRANCE 1923 - 'RUGBY' The official publication of the French Rugby Union � A post match newspaper containing a match report and photographs of the Wales v France 1923 international at Swansea. This match saw the opening of the new grandstand at St Helens. The paper includes several photos of the game and a match report (text in French). There is some wear causing damage to the spine, some discolouration throughout due to age and some minor tearing to the front cover.
Ref: Ref: ZN12-J1-04-npwafr1923 - �85.00
Wales v England Schools 15th March 1924 touch judges flag. A double sided, genuine embroidered touch judge's flag (no stick), the size is 38 x 25cm (15" x 10"), there are one or two stains and some very small holes. The flag is sold together with a copy of the official programme for this match which Wales won 6 - 3. A great and unique item of memorabilia from the 1920s.
Ref: PC31-mmrfflwaensh24xc - �225.00
Wales v Scotland 7th February 1931 - community singing 4 page leaflet. A selection of Welsh and Scottish songs to be sung at the international match led by the Cardiff City Tramways and Motors Prize Band.
Ref: F78-4-suwasc31 - �24.00
England v Wales 1933 official match programme. - CLICK HERE FOR AVAILABLITY
ENGLAND v WALES 1933 MEMORABILIA COLLECTION - A collection of reproduction memorabilia to celebrate Wales' first win in Twickenham 1933. The items included in the collection are as follows:
Official match programme, signed dinner menu card, East Lower Stand ticket, 12 x 8 reproduction photographs of the Price of Wales meeting Welsh captain Watcyn Thomas, Welsh Team group and a photo of the after match dinner. Also included is the 96 page England v Wales 2010 Twickenham Centenary original (not reproduction) programme which includes a short match report and other interesting historical information and a DVD celebrating the Twickenham centenary and the centenary of the England v Wales match with good 1970s Welsh Golden Era content.
Ref: PL44-tmwa.1933rpmmcl.gp - �35.00
The Greatest Matches
WALES v NEW ZEALAND - CARDIFF ARMS PARK - 21st December 1935
A great victory for Wales at the Arms Park, captained by Claude Davey, the Welsh team inspired by the Wilf Wooler - Cliff Jones combination defeated Jack Manchester's third All Blacks. Only 10 minutes to go, and the men in scarlet were trailing by 12 pts to 10. Hooker Don Tarr suffered a neck injury which meant that Wales had to play out the remainder of the game with 14 men. With six minutes to go, Wooller breaks through the gap, chips the full back, the ball flies high and into the in goal area, but the ball then cruelly bounces back over Wooller's head. Crashing into the straw bales all Wooller could hear was the roar of the crowd as Geoffrey Jones following up took the ball and scored his second try to give Wales a remarkable 13-12 victory.
Wales 13 - New Zealand 12
WARTIME & SERVICES
South Wales v Sir Robert Webber's XV. The official match programme for a 'semi-international rugby match' at Cardiff Arms Park held towards the end of the war. The match was a charity fund raiser for "mobile rest camps" for the soon to be released Japanese prisoners of war. Included amongst these prisoners were Wilf Wooller and Les Spence, two of Cardiff's favourite sons. There is some creasing and small tears to this 4 page programme.
Ref: F78-41-prspwaxb - �75.00
LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS MATCH - CLICK HERE
Wales v France GRAND SLAM 1950 menu signed by 14* members of the successful Welsh team and 2 members of the French team. The official menu card for the after match dinner. The following players from the Welsh team have signed next to their names (Gerwyn Williams, Ken Jones, Jack Matthews, Malcolm Thomas, Billy Cleaver, Rex Willis, Cliff Davies, DM Davies, John Robins, Roy John, RT Evans, Ray Cale, & John Gwilliam), missing players are Lewis Jones & Dai Hayward. The two French autographs are Aristuoy & Merquey.
* Feb 2008 - Lewis Jones signature has been added to the menu on the day he opened the 'Lewis Jones' pub & restaurant in Gorseinon.
The menu is showing signs of wear with the spine partly split.
Ref: F8-11-dmauwafr50 - �225.00
The Players - Gerwyn Williams, Lewis Jones, Alun Thomas, Bleddyn Williams, Horace Phillips, Ken Jones, Malcolm Thomas, Cliff Morgan, Billy Williams, Rex Willis, WO Williams, DM Davies, Rees Stephens, Roy John, Don Hayward, Clem Thomas, John Gwilliam, Alan Forward, Len Blyth,
JBG THOMAS - Editor - 1893-1952 Triple Crown Souvenir, published by the WRU and edited by JBG Thomas. A superb publication containing historical articles and information on all Wales' Triple Crowns up to 1952, there are many team photographs. Articles include "History of the Triple Crown" by JBG Thomas, "Memories of 1893 - 1900 by WJ 'Billy' Bancroft, "Playing in Three Triple Crown Sides" by Rhys Gabe, "Two Great Triple Crown Players - RM 'Dicky'Owen and WJ 'Billy' Trew by Pengragon, "The Game Today and in the Golden Era" by Tommy Vile, "Memories of 1911" by Billy Spiller, "A Great Victory and Narrow Failure in 1935-36" by Wilf Wooller, "1950 - Success at Last" by Billy Cleaver, "Leading Wales to Victory in Modern Times" by John Gwilliam, 48 pages. This is a secondhand copy in excellent condition.
Ref: blwa1952tctrhi-thomas.jbg-xc - �39.00
WALES v NEW ZEALAND - CARDIFF ARMS PARK - 19th December 1953
The All Blacks were hoping to make it 3rd time lucky in the nation's capital. In 1905 & 1935 they had been beaten (the 1924 win by the All Black Invincibles was at Swansea) at the Arms Park, was this to be the one? A Welsh defeat looked ominous when 10 minutes into the second half centre Gareth Griffiths left the field with a badly dislocated shoulder. The All Blacks led 8 - 5 at the time. With 15 minutes remaining against medical advice Griffiths returned, this immediately fired up the home team's forwards who managed to win a penalty which Gwyn Rowlands converted. It was now 8 points a piece. The battle raged and giant Welsh wing forward Clem Thomas found himself hemmed in on the touchline by All Blacks, he hoofed the ball way across field for Olympic sprinter Ken Jones to scoop up the ball and race in for the decisive try. A mighty roar ensued as the 56,000 crowd celebrated another glorious victory over New Zealand's finest.
Wales 13 - New Zealand 8
The official match programme - CLICK HERE FOR AVAILABILITY
HAYDN FORD - "Heads and Tails" - cartoons and pen portraits of well known Welsh Rugby Football Personalities. This is a 28 page booklet published approximately 1956 which contains caricatures of Welsh rugby personalities, the proceeds of the booklet went towards the building of the YMCA in Neath, a stone's throw from the Gnoll. The following personalities appear in this great publication Aberavon - Cliff Ashton, Ross Richards, Cardiff - Gareth Griffiths, Haydn Morris, Bleddyn Williams, Sid Judd, Cliff Morgan, Gordon Wells, Rex Willis, Llanelli - Peter Evans, Alun Thomas, Rhys Williams, Len Davies, Ray Williams, Maesteg - Trevor Lloyd, Neath - Ivor David, Roy John, Courtenay Meredith, Dai Meredith, Brian Sparks, Rees Stephens, WR Thomas, Viv Evans, Newport - Garfield Owen, Onllwyn Brace, Roy Burnett, Ken Jones, Bryn Meredith, Pontypridd - Russell Robins, Swansea - Clem Thomas, Billy Williams, Horace Phillips, Guest Stars - WPC Davies (Harlequins), Jean Prat (Lourdes), Jackie Kyle (NIFC). The booklet is in excellent condition apart from rusty staples. The proceeds from the sale of this booklet were in aid of the Neath YMCA Building Fund,
Ref: PC31-bkwamubi-hf-xc - �25.00
FRANCE v WALES 1957 autographed dinner menu - This superbly illustrated menu is autographed by 28 players and officials, including, Cliff Morgan, Russell Robins, Michel Celaya, Andre Boniface & Michel Vannier, there is a single crease down the centre.
Ref: F52-1-audmfrwa57xc - �190.00
Wales v International XV 1957 - Empire Games Fundraising Match
Signed by TE Davies, C Davies, G Powell, G Wells, CI Morgan, L Williams, BV Meredith, JRG Stephens, RJ Robins of Wales, and RM Bartlett, E Evans, RWD Marques of International XV.
Ref: PC11-auprwa-int57-xb - �75.00
Cliff Morgan Presents "Memorable Moments", a 33.3 rpm gramaphone record containing interviews with Cliff Morgan, Clem Thomas, Bleddyn Williams, Billy Cleaver, Ken Jones. The record includes match commentaries by GV Wynne Jones, Rex Alston & Winston McCarthy. Produced by Cwaliton Records of Pontardawe. The front cover has been signed by Cliff Morgan.
Ref: PC27-rewa-cm - �95.00
v France 13 - 22
(Paris)
Hopes were not high after Wales had embarked on a disastrous tour of South Africa. The new laws which abolished kicking directly into touch from outside the 25 were introduced into the championship for the first time. This brought out the superb attacking skills of fly half David Watkins who had his best season for Wales. The match against Ireland was a Triple Crown decider with the Irish having also beaten Scotland (16-6) and England (5-0). Wales were to lift the 'Crown' with tries from Dewi Bebb & Stuart Watkins and 8 points from the trusty boot of Terry Price.
Illustrated left - Welsh captain Clive Rowlands chaired from the field after hundreds of Welsh fans rushed onto the field at the final whistle at Murrayfield
1965 WALES TRIPLE CROWN PROGRAMME SET
All 3 programmes from the 1965 Triple Crown:
v England, Scotland & Ireland.
The three programmes are in good to very good condition, they are sold together with a team photograph, an information sheet listing match scores and information and a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original.
Ref: wa.1965.triple.crown-prst.3.+ph.ifcd.+COA - �75.00
For individual programmes from this season, please check the Programmes page on this website.
FRAMED 1965 WALES TRIPLE CROWN PROGRAMME SET
All 3 programmes from the 1965 Triple Crown framed, ideal as a gift :
v England, Scotland & Ireland.
The three programmes from the 1965 Triple Crown framed together with a team photo (see illustrations for new photo and info card) & results, a personalised insert is available at no extra charge. This framed set is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original. This item is available to the UK only.
Ref: wa.1965.triple.crown-prst.3.+ph.ifcd-+COA-aifm - �175.00
WALES v ENGLAND 1967 - The official programme for Wales v England 1967 match signed to the front cover by Keith Jarrett, this programme is accompanied by a COA guaranteeing that the autograph is authentic and original.
Ref: auprwaen67-k.jarrett-xb - �39.00
WALES v ENGLAND 1967 - Official 28 page match programme (unsigned) in very good condition.
Ref: prwaen67xb - �15.00
Rugby World Magazine - September 1967. Front cover photo of John Lloyd trying to breach the English defence in the match and a 3 page article by Welsh legend Wilf Wooller titled "The Greatest Game I Ever Saw". This refers to the Wales v England 1967 match. Like Jarrett, Wooller gained his first cap as a teenager in a memorable victory over England. At the age of 19 and still a schoolboy in Rydal School, Colwyn Bay, he played in the first ever Welsh victory at Twickenham in 1933. This article is how he saw the 1967 game.
Ref: mgbr-rw67-09-xb - �12.00
"I Was There" by Max Boyce
Poems, stories & songs from the Welsh Maestro, includes the words to Max Boyce's classics "The Outside half Factory", Asso Asso Yogoshi", "Hymns & Arias", "The Incredible Plan", "9 3". Lavishly illustrated with cartoons by Gren, this book is a classic that went straight in at No2 on the Sunday Times best seller list. If you are Welsh and this book is not in your library you do not want to spend another minute without it.
This copy is a secondhand hardback with illustrated boards in good condition.
1st Edition: 1979
v England 30 - 9
(Cardiff)
This was the start of the second golden era of Welsh rugby, Clive Rowlands took over as coach and regular squad sessions took place at the Afan Lido, Port Talbot. The campaign started brilliantly with the biggest victory at Murrayfield since 1947. This match saw two London Welsh youngsters make their first appearances, Mervyn Davies and JPR Williams. Both were to lead Triple Crown sides over the next decade. The Irish match was a tense affair, Ireland needed to win to secure the triple Crown for themselves but for the 11th time Wales denied the men from the Emerald Isle the crown. Then it was off to France where the French clawed back an 8 point deficit to draw 8 - 8. The final match was a decisive victory over England, Maurice Richards crossing the line four times to equal the Welsh try scoring record.
(Illustration right - Duckham unable to stop Richards scoring his 4th try)
WALES v ENGLAND 1969 - the official programme for Wales v England 1969, the programme is in very good condition.
Ref: prwaen69xb - �25.00
WALES v ENGLAND 1969 - Rugby World and post for June 1969, the cover photo is from the match with 3 + pages of match photos including two of Richards' tries. A short match report is also included. This issue doubles as a pre-tour souvenir for Wales' trip to New Zealand, Australia and Fiji 1969. There are pen pictures and photos of the squad, pre tour views and comments
Ref: mgbr-rw69-06 - �15.00
1969 TRIPLE CROWN - Western Mail - 4 page pre-match (Wales v England) Triple Crown souvenir, photos and articles leading up to the match.
Ref: FAC-npwatc69-wm - �10.00
WALES v ENGLAND 12 Apr 1969 TRIPLE CROWN MATCH FOR WALES SIGNED PROGRAMME, autographed over individual player profiles by 14 of the Welsh team and 6 of the English team. The players who have signed this programme are as follows; Brian Price (Capt), J.P.R Williams, Maurice Richards, Keith Jarrett, John Dawes, Stuart Watkins, Barry John, Gareth Edwards, David Lloyd, Denzil Williams, Brian Thomas, Dai Morris, Mervyn Davies, John Taylor, Bob Hiller, John Spencer, John Pullin, Dave Powell, Peter Larter and Bob Taylor. The programme has a single crease down the centre, generally it is in good condition, it is accompanied by a COA guaranteeing that the autographs are original and authentic.
Ref: aupringp.waen.1969.au20.xb - �129.00
v France 9 - 5
(Paris)
Arguably the greatest Welsh side ever. Containing several players who went on to star in the most successful Lions tour of New Zealand ever and revolutionised rugby football. Captained by master tactician John 'Syd' Dawes the team contained the genius of Barry John, Gareth Edwards & Gerald Davies, a ball winning mobile pack and the rock, JPR in defence. The sensational victory over Scotland in 1971 remains to this day, one of the most inspiring moments in Welsh rugby history while the defeat of France in the last match was one of Wales' classic performances.
The Players - J.P.R. Williams, Gerald Davies, John Dawes, Arthur Lewis, Ian Hall, John .C. Bevan, Barry John, Gareth Edwards, Denzil Williams, Jeff Young, Barry Llewellyn, Mike Roberts, Delme Thomas, Dai Morris, Mervyn Davies, John Taylor.
1971 WALES GRAND SLAM SEASON PROGRAMME SET
All 4 official programmes from the 1971 Grand Slam season in good to very good condition.
v England, Scotland, Ireland & France
Sold together with a team photograph, an information sheet listing match scores etc and a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original.
Ref: wa.1971.grand.slam-prst.4.+ifcd.+COA - �175.00
FRAMED 1971 WALES GRAND SLAM SEASON PROGRAMME SET
All 4 official programmes from the 1971 Grand Slam season framed together with a team photo & results, a personalised insert is available at no extra charge. This framed set is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original. This item is available to the UK only.
Ref: wa.1971.grand.slam-prst.4.aifm.+ifcd.+COA - �275.00
INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMMES from the 1971 Wales Grand Slam
Early 1970s Welsh tracksuit. This tracksuit belonged to the Wales & British Lions scrum half Chico Hopkins. Chico was a member of the Welsh squad 1970 - 1972. He went North soon after playing for Llanelli against the 1972 All Blacks. He was a regular understudy to Gareth Edwards. In his one cap against England in 1970 he turned the game in Wales' favour scoring a try in a fantastic victory at Twickenham, (it was Chico's effort on this day that inspired Max Boyce to write his crowd favourite 'Hymns & Arias'). His one test appearance for the British Lions was also as a replacement for Edwards in the first test at Dunedin in 1971. Again the Maesteg man sparkled as the Lions won a famous victory over the All Blacks and went on to become the first Lions team to win a series in New Zealand.
Ref: PL32-tswa70-chico - �185.00
1972 WALES PROGRAMME SET
All 4 official programmes from the matches played by Wales in 1972. The programmes are in good to very good condition.
v England (12 Jan), Scotland (5 Feb), France (25 Mar) & New Zealand (2 Dec)
The Irish match was cancelled in this year because of the troubles in Northern Ireland.
Ref: prstwa.1972 - �16.00
v France 19 - 13
(Cardiff)
A Grand Slam of records, the team scored 102 points in the championship, Phil Bennett scored 19 in the match against Ireland, equalling Jack Bancroft and Keith Jarrett's records, Gareth Edwards became the highest try scorer for Wales with 18, JPR became the most capped Welsh full back while the victory over Ireland in Dublin was a record score against Ireland. This was an outstanding team led by 'Merve the Swerve'. The victory over France in the last match was a classic, JPR Williams tackle on French wing Gourdon in the final stages ensured Wales were crowned champions.
The Players - J.P.R. Williams, Clive Rees, Gerald Davies, Steve Fenwick, Ray Gravell, J.J. Williams, Phil Bennett, Gareth Edwards, Charlie Faulkner, Bobby Windsor, Graham Price, Allan Martin, Geoff Wheel, Trevor Evans, Terry Cobner, Mervyn Davies, Tommy David.
v Scotland 18 - 9
(Edinburgh)
Wales had to work hard against both England and Ireland for victories. The Triple Crown was secured against Scotland with an incredible piece of Phil Bennett magic. The Welsh skipper scored a rousing try when he finished off a move that had started with JPR Williams in his own half. One of the great tries of the 1970s Golden Era.
GREN'S RUGBY ADDICTS CALENDAR 1977 - 1st EDITION - WELSH RUGBY HUMOUR - A fantastic original 'as new' 1st edition of Gren's calendar. Featuring the International Reject XV. Players include Retaliate First Rees, Bill Igerent & Hamish McFilth. Hilarious.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1977.cf-gren - �19.00
v France 16 - 7
(Cardiff)
Three penalty goals by Phil Bennett got Wales off to a shaky start in the win against England. Gareth Edwards scored his 20th and last try for Wales in the victory over Scotland at Cardiff. The defeat of Ireland ensured that Wales became the first nation to win 3 consecutive triple crowns. The Grand Slam win over France saw both Gareth Edwards and Phil Bennett play their last match for Wales. Both of the seventies superstars played a major part in this final victory, Bennett scoring two tries and a conversion while Edwards dropped a goal, a nine point cushion over a great French XV sealed Wales' final Five Nations Grand Slam.
The Players - J.P.R. Williams, Gerald Davies, Steve Fenwick, Ray Gravell, J.J. Williams, Phil Bennett, Gareth Edwards, Charlie Faulkner, Bobby Windsor, Graham Price, Allan Martin, Geoff Wheel, Jeff Squire, Terry Cobner, Derek Quinnell, Gareth Evans,
1978 GRAND SLAM - FRAMED PRESENTATION
All 4 official programmes from the 1978 Grand Slam, a team photograph and match results framed and glazed.
A personalised insert can be included with this presentation at no extra charge.
Ref: fmprwags78st4 - �165.00
Ireland v Wales 4 Mar 1978, the Triple Crown match at Lansdowne Road, Dublin. Official presentation programme available only to VIPs, committee and players. A printed softback cover with mint programme inside. The match was won 20 - 16 by Wales.
Ref: CC13-prirwa78-xb - �50.00
WALES GRAND SLAM 1978 RETRO / ORIGINAL RED SHOULDER BAG - A holdall / shoulder bag celebrating the Wales Grand Slam in 1978. This is an original bag dating from 1978, it is unused in original packaging that has only been opened to take the photograph. The bag has the results of all 4 matches against England, Scotland, Ireland & France together with their national emblems and a large central 3 feathers. It measures 15" x 11" x 5" ( 38cm x 28cm x 13cm) The printing is identical on both sides.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1978.ktgs-red-xb - �24.00
WALES GRAND SLAM 1978 RETRO / ORIGINAL RED SHOULDER BAG - A holdall / shoulder bag celebrating the Wales Grand Slam in 1978. This is an original bag dating from 1978, it is unused in original packaging that has only been opened to take the photograph. The bag has the results of all 4 matches against England, Scotland, Ireland & France together with their national emblems and a large central 3 feathers. It measures 15" x 11" x 5" ( 38cm x 28cm x 13cm) The printing is identical on both sides.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1978.ktgs-black-xb - �14.00
A fold over card to celebrate the unveiling of a mural at Cardiff Arms Park by Tom Rathmell in 1978. The ceremony was performed by the then Secretary of State of Wales John Morris. Both the Secretary and artist Rathmell have signed the card.
Ref: F19-69-cdwa78 - �25.00
A Welsh players sweater, "Welsh XV" under the three feathers, believed to be from the 1978 tour of Australia. The sweater is a size 40" and is by Royal Thistle, it is probably pure wool but there is a name tag on the label which probably covers the material information. There are one or two marks to the sweater on the two sleeves, these may come out in the wash. From the collection of a former WRU President, COA provided.
Ref: PL5-tpwapy.1978xb - �39.50
WALES - TRIPLE CROWN WINNERS 1976 - 1978 SLATE WALL PLAQUE / HANGING - A slate commemoration plaque celebrating Wales' Triple Triple Crown 1978, Made bt 'Welsh Slatecraft' R-K Products of Newport, the plaque measures 6" (15cm) in diameter and has a leather loop for hanging.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1978.pq-slate-xb - �15.00
v England 27 - 3
(Cardiff)
The 27 - 3 victory over England and the secured the international championship and fourth consecutive Triple Crown for Wales. Who can forget the bloodied JPR Williams leaving the field to be replaced by Clive Griffiths. The Llanelli full back was then instrumental in one another of Cardiff Arms Park's great tries when he put away Elgan Rees for a brilliant try. So ended the second golden era of Welsh Rugby.
All 3 programmes from the 1979 Triple Crown, v Scotland, Ireland & England - all three programmes are in excellent condition
Ref: AS-stwaprtc79 - �20.00
All 3 programmes, team photograph and match results framed and glazed,
Ref: fmpnstwapr79 - �120.00
Wales v Ireland 1979 presentation programme, hard cover biding for the official programme, only available to players and VIPs.
Ref: CC13-pnprwair79xb - �39.00
WALES v IRELAND 1979 touch judges flag. The flag is is of two separate pieces stitched together, the text and logos look to be iron on transfers. Theflag is without the pole and is in very good condition. This was the second match in Wales' 4th consecutive triple crown, Wales were triumphant 24 - 21 in this match.
Ref: TL13-wafl79ir - �195.00
WALES - TRIPLE CROWN CHAMPIONS 1976 - 1979 SILVER COLOURED COMMEMORATIVE BOXED MEDALION - A commemorative medla to celebrate Wales winning their 4 Triple Crown in a row in 1979. The medal may be silver plated or have silver content but we cannot see any evidence of this. The double sided medal has the three feather and triple crown information in English on one side with a Welsh dragon and info in welsh on the reverse. It measures 38mm in diameter with the case measuring 8cm.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1979.md-triple.crown - �15.00
Scotland v Wales 20th January 1979 programme & ticket group - the ticket is creased with a name on the front while the programme is in very good condition.
Ref: PB1-mmgpscwa79xb - �9.00
Welsh Rugby Magazine - May 1979 - 4th Triple Crown Issue. - Front cover photos of JPR , Triple Crown review by GV Wynne Jones, John Reed, John Billot, John O'Shea & Reg Prophit photos from the English match. Caricatures and facsimilie autographs of the Welsh squad inside, Wilf Wooller on the 'Rugby Sin Bin', David Watkins on rugby and professionalism, photos from Schweppes Cup semi finals plus regular features.
Ref: mgwa-wr79-05 - �8.00
"And the Tanker Spent a Comfortable Night", paperback book of poems by Tom Bellion with illustrations by Gren, a look at welsh rugby in the 1970s, classic Welsh humour. The title refers to a poem where JPR crashed into a tanker .......and the tanker etc. A great humorous read accompanied by Gren's brilliant cartoons. Classic Welsh rugby humour. Published in 1979, 64 pages.
Ref: bkhuwa79-tb-xb - �15.00
GREN'S RUGBY ADDICTS CALENDAR 1979 - 3rd EDITION - WELSH RUGBY HUMOUR - A fantastic original 'as new' 3rd edition of Gren's calendar. Presenting the ABC of Rugby - A is for Amateur, B is for Blindside, C is for Coach, D is for Dentures etc etc all the way to Z. - great hmour
Ref: PL43-wamm.1979.cf-gren - �10.00
GREN'S RUGBY ADDICTS CALENDAR 1980 - 4th EDITION - WELSH RUGBY HUMOUR - A fantastic original 'as new' 4th edition of Gren's calendar. Presenting Great Moments of Rugby - 'The moment I never got my cap' - 'The moment I first got my name in the paper' etc - great humour
Ref: PL43-wamm.1980.cf-gren - �10.00
WELSH CENTENARY 1980/1
Official programme for WRU Gala Opening at Cardiff Arms Park, 26th July 1980, the programme features itinerary for the day and some great historical articles including "The WRU Secretaries" by JBG Thomas and "It will always be the Arms Park" by Gerald Davies.
Ref: prspwa19800726 - �18.00
Centenary Celebrity Cricket Match - An A4, 16 page programme for the match between an International Invitation Cricket XI (including Richie Richardson, Don Shepherd, Sadiq & Mustaq Mohammed and a Welsh International Rugby XI (Barry John, Brynmor Williams, Geoff Wheel, Phil Bennett etc). The programme is in excellent condition.
Ref: blwacncrpr19800806 - �10.00
Welsh Rugby Union Centenary Dinner - a fold over card menu (illustrated left), 24 page guest list (illustrated right top) and 2 invitation cards (illustrated right bottom - only 1 illustrated) for the centenary dinner held at the National Sports Centre, Sophia Gardens on the 12th march 1981. The menu card has been autographed by 8 club officials in the centre, there is also a wine stain on these pages. The guest list has 11 autographs, mostly club officials but including internationals Robert Ackerman & Gary Pearce.
Ref: F65-4-dmwacn81 - �45.00
A collection of 9 programmes covering international and special matches played during the WRU centenary 1980/1 season. The programmes included in this package are North Wales v International Overseas XV played at Colwyn Bay on Sept 16th, this was a warm up game for the Overseas XV consisting of players from Canada, Argentina, Japan, Romania, Fiji, Tonga & USA. Wales v Overseas XV, the 5 programmes from the All Blacks centenary tour against Cardiff, Llanelli, Swansea, Newport & Wales, The traditional England/Wales v Scotland/Ireland fixture, played on 29th November 1980. Five nations matches against England and Ireland and finally a programme for the match between Wales and the Presidents XV. The programmes are in excellent condition.
Ref: PC31-prstwacn - �35.00
Rugby World October 1980 - Wales Centenary Issue. A 88 page magazine including a 6 page page article by John Taylor on the "Decade of the Dragon". A celebration of Welsh Rugby 1969 -1979
Ref: mgbr-rw80-10 - �9.00
WESTERN MAIL - "100 Years of Welsh Rugby". A 48 page magazine supplement with great historical articles on the formation of the Welsh Rugby Union, the first golden era, 1920's & 30's, 1940's & 50's, the 1960's and the second golden era, 1970s. Many colour photos including a double page spread of gareth Edwards scoring his last try for Wales (v Scotland in 1978). This copy has slight creasing.
Ref: blmgwacn-wm - �5.00
"Dragon's Delight" - A review of the Welsh Centenary season, an 80 page magazine with match reports and statistics from the matches played during the season 1980-81, includes an interesting article by Windsor Davies, the actor and Spike Milligan, the comedian.
Ref: blwacn-dd - �12.00
WESTERN MAIL - "CENTENARY" SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT - A four page broadsheet publication, includes a decade by decade review of Welsh rugby. the front cover features JBG Thomas' two best Welsh XVs from the years 1880-1930 & 1931-1980.
Ref: FAC-npwacn-wme - �5.00
A stainless steel salver by PSL, Sheffield presented to Ken Harris, the chairman of the Welsh Centenary committee on the occasion of the England/Wales v Scotland/Ireland Centenary match. The salver is accompanied by Ken Harris' personal copy of the match programme with a presentation cover. Both items are in very good condition.
Ref PL33-wacn-salver-+prpn - �149.00
WALES v PRESIDENT'S XV 1981 - A brand new unused Gilbert Match ball signed by the teams that played in this Welsh Centenary match. The ball has been signed by 37 players from both sides. Signatures include Geoff Wheel, Terry Holmes, Graham Price, Andy Irvine, Jean-Pierre Rives, Dave Loveridge, Colin Deans, Bill Beaumont, Andrew Slack, Rob Louw, Mike Slemen, John Robbie, Michael Fitzpatrick and Mark Ella. For a full list of the teams please... CLICK HERE It is unknown whether of not the bladder is working on this ball, it is loose inside and we have not tested it. The ball has been stored out of sunlight since the signing and all autographs are strong and easily read. This ball is sold together with the official match programme containing photos and profiles of all the players and a COA guaranteeing that the original autographs are authentic.
Ref: PL18-aubatm.inmu.wapd.1981.au.37+COA-xb - �225.00
WRU CENTENARY - SET OF FIRST DAY AND COMMEMORATIVE COVERS
No. 1
v France 9 - 10
(Cardiff)
It was back to the running game for Wales in the year after finishing in 3rd place at the inaugural Rugby World Cup. In dropping Paul Thorburn the selectors made a huge gamble when they placed Swansea fly half Anthony Clement at full back and when John Deveraux withdrew through injury Mark Ring became the fourth player fly half in the team (Clement, Bowen, Ring and Jonathan Davies) to face England. Adrian Hadley scored a brace of tries, the first originated from Clement running back a loose kick by Cusworth. In a thrilling encounter against Scotland, Wales clawed back a 20 - 10 deficit, Jonathan Davies and Ieuan Evans scoring tries with Davies dropping a couple of goals to win the match. Thorburn was recalled when Clement withdrew through injury for the Scotland game and retained his place against Ireland. With 4 minutes of injury time played and the scores tied at 9 each he kicked the winning goal to give Wales the only Triple Crown of the 1980s.
ENGLAND v WALES - 6th February 1988 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s, the triple crown season win over England at Twickenham. Adrian Hadley scored 2 brilliant tries and there was also a drop goal from Jonathan Davies who taunted the English throughout the game. This is a day that will live long in the memories of Welsh fans, it was the start of a successful triple crown campaign for Wales, their first since 1979. The collection includes the official match programme, and a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s including highlights of the match and an interview with Jonathan Davies. The collection is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme is original.
Ref: wammcl.enwa88.gp3.prdv.+COA - �15.00
WALES v SCOTLAND 20th February 1988 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s. This was the second leg of the 1988 Triple Crown with Jonathan Davies kicking two drop goals and scoring a superb try which had the crowd roaring for Wales. Many believe Davies was his at his best in a Welsh Jersey in this match. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s including highlights of the match and an interview with Jonathan Davies plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wammcl.wasc88.gp4.prtkdv.+COA - �10.00
All 3 programmes from the 1988 Triple Crown, v England, Scotland & Ireland - all three programmes are in excellent condition
Ref: AS-prinwatc88st - �29.00
WALES v ENGLAND - 6th February 1993 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. Wales came into the game fearing a big defeat as they hadn't beaten England since 1989 and England were gunning for an unprecedented third Grand Slam in a row. Re-live Ieuan Evans try and he caught Rory Underwood napping to clinch a 10-9 victory. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wacl.waen93.gp4.prtkdv.+COA - �15.00
WALES v FRANCE - 19th February 1994 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. The game will be remembered for Nigel Walker and Scott Quinell's tries, two world class players touching down for a 24-15 victory for Wales. Gareth Llewellyn took over the captaincy in the absence of Ieuan Evans. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wammcl.wafr94.prtkdv.+COA - �10.00
FRANCE v WALES - 6th March 1999 - PROGRAMME & DVD SET
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. Wales defeated France in Paris for the first time since 1975. It was a truly remarkable performance, Neil Jenkins kicked 5 penalties with his trusty boot which clinched the game for Wales. The collection includes the official match programmeand a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley. The programme is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that it is original.
Ref: wammcl.frwa99.gp3.prdv.+COA - �10.00
WALES v ENGLAND 11th April 1999 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. This was Wales's last game at Wembley and the last match ever in the Five Nations Tournament which was to become the Six Natiuons a year later with the inclusion of Italy. The pre-match warm up included Tom Jones and Max Boyce and the last act of the match was Scott Gibbs scoring a magical try with Neil Jenkins slotting over the conversion. This was probably the most euphoric moment (and there have been a few) in Welsh Rugby History. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wammcl.waen99.gp4.prtkdv.+COA - �29.95
WALES v ARGENTINA 5th June 1999 - PROGRAMME & DVD SET
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. A pasting for Wales looked on the cards as Argentine romped into a 23-0 lead but a crucial try by Dafydd James just before half time kept Wales hopes alive. Wales went on to triumph 36-26 which was the biggest come back in Test Series history, an amazing game with Neil Jenkins scoring 18 points, Wales went on to become the first Northern Hemisphere team to win a Test Series in Argentina. The collection includes the official match programme, and a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley. The programme is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that it is original and official.
Ref: wammcl.arwa99-1T-gp3.prdv.+COA - �10.00
WALES v SOUTH AFRICA 1999 Programme & DVD set
A set of three items relating to Wales' first (and only) victory over South Africa. In the first match at the Millennium Stadium Wales defeated the World Champion Springboks 29-19. The set comprises of an original official match programme, a 60 page publication including Arms Park history, other articles, players pictures and profiles. This programme was a sell out on the day and with a limited number printed due to crowd restrictions (36,000) this is a definite rarity. The programme is accompanied by a DVD, 'Wales - Six of the Best - The Nineties' containing highlights of this great victory. The set is completed by a COA guaranteeing that the programme is an original printing as sold on the day at the Millennium Stadium.
Ref: wammcl.wasa99.gp3.prdv-6.best.90s.+COA - �27.50
WALES v SOUTH AFRICA 1999 Programme & DVD set
A set of three items relating to Wales' first (and only) victory over South Africa. In the first match at the Millennium Stadium Wales defeated the World Champion Springboks 29-19. The set comprises of an original official match programme, a 60 page publication including Arms Park history, other articles, players pictures and profiles. This programme was a sell out on the day and with a limited number printed due to crowd restrictions (36,000) this is a definite rarity. The programme is accompanied by a DVD, 'Blood, Sweat and Tears' the official Welsh Rugby Union, Wales v South Africa history containing highlights of this great victory. The set is completed by a COA guaranteeing that the programme is an original printing as sold on the day at the Millennium Stadium.
Ref: wammcl.wasa99.gp3.dv-blood.sweat.tears - �29.00
WALES v FRANCE 17th March 2001 - PROGRAMME & DVD SET
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 2000s. Wales repeated their 1999 astonishing victory with another against France in Paris. That match was probably one of Neil Jenkins best and took him past 1,000 points altogether for Wales! Rob Howley's sensational try will be remembered as one of Wales' great tries. The collection includes the official match programme and a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley, plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme is official and original.
Ref: wammcl.frwa01.gp3.prdv.+COA - �15.00
Official match programme in excellent condition, 84 pages of team information, articles and stats, front cover photo of Neil Jenkins.
Ref: prwaen99 - �25.00
"Perfect Day" - Wales on Sunday 16 page Wembley post-match souvenir. Front page photo of Graham Henry & Steve Black in a passionate embrace !!!!!
Ref: PL29-npwaen99-wos- - �8.00
Graham Henry original artwork. This A3 size caricature by Paul Morgan is of Graham Henry sitting on a throne with the caption "King Henry". We believe it was commissioned for a publication but are not sure whether or not is was used. After victories against France, England & South Africa in 1999 Graham Henry was hailed as the saviour of Welsh rugby. Ideal for framing.
Ref: LN4-avwa-gh - �35.00
WALES v SOUTH AFRICA - MILLENNIUM STADIUM - 26th June 1999
13 was a lucky number for Wales in this midsummer meeting to open the not quite finished new stadium. 27,500 people watched as at the 13th attempt, Wales finally laid the South African bogey to rest. For 93 years each attempt had been dashed, then up stepped No 13 Mark Taylor to score the first try against the World Champions at the Millennium Stadium. Neil Jenkins orchestrated the victory with a total of 19 points, Taylor and Gareth Thomas scored tries to add another top scalp to the belt of coach Graham Henry.
Wales 29 - South Africa 19
Official match programme, 60 pages including Arms Park history, other articles, players pictures and profiles, this programme was a sell out on the day and with a limited number printed due to crowd restrictions this is a definite rarity.
Ref: prwasa99 - �25.00
THE HISTORY
" TAFF'S ACRE" - A history and celebration of Cardiff Arms Park" edited by David Parry-Jones
The most comprehensive history of the world's most historic rugby ground, details of all the great matches played there, Wales v New Zealand1905 & 1935, Barbarians against the All Blacks in 1964 & 1973. Published in 1984 with chapters by JBG Thomas, Harry Bowcott, Wilf Wooller, Bleddyn Williams, John Billot, David Hayward, David Parry-Jones & Ray Williams, 198 pages.
Ref: bkhiwagr84-dpj-xb - �18.00
"New Cardiff Arms Park", a special souvenir published by the Western Mail & Echo Ltd, a 24 page publication to celebrate the opening of the new North Stand in the Arms Park 1970. It has great historical articles including a history of the ground, great moments, article on Ken Jones, David Watkins memories, interview with Clive Rowlands, many photos, Cardiff against the touring teams, history of Wales v South Africa at the stadium, the All Blacks at the Arms Park, the Wallabies in Cardiff, Barbarians against touring sides. In excellent condition
Ref: nphiwagr70-wme-xb - �15.00
"A Farewell to Arms" - a 64 page brochure published by the Western Mail in association with the Welsh Rugby Union. A historical look at the Arms Park including an all-time Welsh XV chosen by John Billot and Graham Clutton. There is an excellent 'timeline', 15 of the best tries, coverage of the first 2 European Finals which were played there together with soccer, boxing, greyhound racing & Empire Games articles and photos.
Ref: blhiwagr97-wm - �9.00
Welsh Rugby Magazine September-October 1970, Cardiff Arms Park celebration issue. An collection of historical articles relating to Welsh ruby including Cardiff Arms Park Story, photos of all WRU Presidents, history of the laws and administrators, feature on all WRU secretaries, WRU Treasurers, all this plus regular features.
Ref: mgwa-wr70-09 - �12.00
History of the Cardiff Arms Park which appeared in Wales v South Africa programme, the opening match at the Millennium Stadium
CELEBRATIONS
International 'Sport Aid' Sevens 1986. The official programme for this 'famine relief' rugby tournament held at Cardiff may 16/17 1986. Involves teams from New Zealand, Scotland, England, France, Australia, Ireland & Wales. New Zealand (captain David Kirk) ran out eventual winners 32-6 over an English side captained by Les Cusworth. the programme has been autographed by 14 Welsh internationals including Robert Norster, Mark Titley, Billy James, Adrian Hadley, Kevin Hopkins, Huw Richards & Clive Rowlands.
Ref: F65-3-auprsbwa86-sa - �45.00
Wales v WRU Presidents XV 1984. Official programme to celebrate the completion of Cardiff Arms Park. The Presidents XV was captain by Rob Louw (South Africa). The 36 page programme contains historical articles and photographs of the stadium.
Ref: prwapr84 - �3.00
THE FINAL CURTAIN
Auction catalogue for "The contents of Cardiff Arms Park", not the most enthralling publication, 36 pages.
Ref: blhiwagr-auction - �15.00
GREAT WELSH VICTORIES - Click on the match details to view information and memorabilia on these great Welsh wins
(We will periodically adding players to our 'greats victories & great players, please bear with us there are so many to choose from !)
Phil Bennett - Max Boyce - Mervyn Davies - Gareth Edwards - Ieuan Evans - Arthur Gould - Carwyn James - Neil Jenkins - Barry John - Jack Matthews - Cliff Morgan - Dai Morris - Ray Williams - Bleddyn Williams - Shane Williams
Phil Bennett - (29 caps, 1st cap v France 1969, last cap v France 1978) - Captain of Wales and the 1977 Lions, Bennett stepped nicely into Barry John's boots to star for Wales in the 1970s Golden Era. In his last match for Wales, the 1978 Grand Slam decider against France, Bennett scored 2 tries to set the seal on what was a fantastic career wearing the scarlet shirt of Wales.
Ref: bkbiwa-pb1-xb - �12.00
Welsh Youth v French Youth 1967 match programme with future Welsh internationals Phil Bennett & Derek Quinnell in the Welsh team and Bennett's future outside half opponent Jean-Pierre Romeu playing for France.
Ref: pragwafr67-yth-xb - �6.00
Max Boyce - (No caps, 1 big leek) - The album 'Live at Treorchy' lauched Max Boyce as the great rugby entertainer of the 1970s, his song 'Hymns and Arias' reverberated around the Arms Park as the Welsh rugby public took Max, his stories and his songs to heart.
BOOK - "I Was There" by Max Boyce
Poems, stories & songs from the Welsh Maestro, includes the words to Max Boyce's classics "The Outside half Factory", Asso Asso Yogoshi", "Hymns & Arias", "The Incredible Plan", "9 3". Lavishly illustrated with cartoons by Gren, this book is a classic. If you are Welsh and this book is not in your library you do not want to spend another minute without it. A secondhand hardback with illustrated boards in good condition.
1st Edition: 1979
Ref: bkhu79-mb-xc - �25.00
"Max Boyce in Session" - Max's first LP, recorded in 1971 at the Valley Folk Club in Pontardawe, catalogue no. MCT 207. This album includes those well loved songs "Duw it's hard" and "hymns and arias". The record sleeve notes correctly predict "It may well be that future years will find "Hymns and Arias" rolling a thunderous chorus across the terraced rugby grounds"
Ref: PL31-ware-mb71 - �25.00
"Caneuon Amrywiol" - Cambrian Recordings, Pontardawe 1971. 12", 33rpm gramaphone record. - This is Max's 2nd LP and is a selection of folk songs in Welsh with one of the songs called "Twicers".
This LP cover is signed and dated 1999.
Ref PL31-ware-mb71b - �45.00
"Live at Treorchy" EMI 1974 - Recorded at the Treorchy Rugby Club on 23rd November 1973 this is the album that launched Max Boyce as rugby's No1 entertainer. The songs/stories on this album are 9 - 3 (Llanelli v NZ 72), The Scottish Trip, The Ballard of Morgan the Moon, The Outside-Half Factory, Asso Asso Yogoshi, Duw it's Hard, Ten Thousand Instant Christians, Did You Understand, Hymns and Arias.
LP with cover signed by Max
Ref: DPR-wareau-max73.treorchy - �30.00
LP - unsigned.
Ref: PL29-ware-mb73 - �10.00
"We All Had Doctors Papers........"(EMI 1975, 12" 33rpm).........and they all said the same ! we all had Scarlet Fever and we caught it at the game, immortal words from Max. recorded live at Pontardulais Rugby Club. songs and stories on this album are: Sospan Fach, I am an Entertainer, I wandered Lonely, I Gave My Love a Debenture, Deck of Cards, Swansea Town, The Devil's Making Me, A'r Lan Y Mor, The Pontypool Front Row, Sospan Fach.
LP with cover signed and dated (1999),
Ref: PL31-wareau-mb99 - �25.00
LP - unsigned,
Ref: PL29-ware-mb99 - �10.00
"The Incredible Plan" EMI, 1976, 12" 33 rpm, recorded live at Bindles in Barry, South Wales, this LP starts with an extract of Bill McLaren's commentary from the Welsh victory at Murrayfield in 1971, other songs and stories on this LP are: The Divine Intervention, Ode to Barry Island, The Incredible Plan, The Gypsy, What Does She Know About Music, Morning Star, Bugail Aberdyfi, 100,000,000,000 Green Bottles, The French Trip, as always Max starts and finishes off his performances with Sospan Fach.
LP cover signed by Max and dated (1999),
Ref: PL31-ware-mb76au - �25.00
LP - unsigned,
Ref: PL29-ware-mb76 - �10.00
"The Road and the Miles" EMI 1977, 12", 33rpm - This album saw a return to his folk singing roots for Max, the album contains 12 songs including 2 in the Welsh language. The album cover has been signed by Max and dated 1999 -
Ref: PL31-ware-mb77au - �20.00
"Not that I'm Biased", EMI 1979, 12" 33 rpm - recorded live in Cwmbran, this LP contains the following songs and stories, I think it's a spring onion, "one night in Oldham, When we walked to Merthyr Tydfil, Young Davy, Mae 'Nghariad in Fenws, El terrible, There but for Johnny Walters, I don't like cabbage, coats on the bed, how fast was Gerald Davies' Dad, Collier Lad, Ben Thomas and Mr Pocock,
Ref: PL31-ware-mb79 - �15.00
"Me and Billy Williams" EMI 1980, 12", 33 rpm - songs and stories on this album include: The Day We Lost to England, Paul Ringer's Song, Tarquin's Letter, Two Soldiers, Y Deryn Pur, Me and Billy Williams, Dowlais Top, Morgan and Rhys, The Oggie Song, Eli Jenkins's Prayer. The Album cover is signed by Max.
Ref: PL31-ware-mb80 - �25.00
Mervyn Davies - (38 caps, 1st cap v Scotland 1969, last cap v France 1976) - Mervyn Davies received 38 caps for Wales during the 1970s Golden Era. He was undoubtedly the best No 8 in the world at that time. He was a certainty to lead the 1977 Lions to New Zealand in 1977 but he suffered a brain haemorrhage while playing for Swansea during a cup semi-final at Cardiff which ended his career. An ever present in the tests during the 1971 & 1974 Lions tours, scoring 5 tries in the 1974 tour he wore a distinctive headband and was known as "Merve the Swerve".
Nothing available at present
Gareth Edwards - (53 caps, 1st cap v France 1967, last cap v France 1978) - Voted regularly as the "Greatest Player Ever" Edwards first made his debut as a 19 year old against France in 1967. He forged brilliant partnerships for Wales and the British Lions, firstly with Barry John then with Phil Bennett. He totalled 10 tests for the Lions and was ever present in the test series of the 1971 and 1974 tours. He also played in every game of the 1971, 1976 & 1978 Welsh Grand Slams. His final appearance was the 1978 Grand Slam decider against France in Cardiff where he dropped a goal. A brilliant all round sportsman he had a Welsh Trial at soccer, won the English Schools 200 yds hurdles title and has represented Wales at angling.
Ref: TC4-bkbiwa-ge2-xb - �12.00
Rugby World & Post Tribute to Gareth Edwards. - A double page colour poster titled "The Master" is accompanied by a 5 page article by Ian Wooldridge. The are also 2 pages of photos from Wales' Triple Triple Crown.
Ref: mgbr-rw78-04-xb - �8.00
Ieuan Evans - (72 caps, 1st cap v France 1987, last cap v Italy 1998) - Ieuan scored 33 tries for Wales in a glittering career that also saw him captain Wales to the last Five Nations Championship in 1994. he toured with the British Lions on three occasions, two of his finest moments are when he pounced on Campo's wild pass to score a crucial try in the 1989 3rd Test against Australia and when he out sprinted Rory Underwood to touch down for that great try against England in 1993.
A match programme for Ieuan Evan's testimonial game at Stradey Park in 1995. His British Isles XV took on an International Select XV including Jonah Lomu, Jason Little, Sean Fitzpatrick & Olivier Roumat. The programme is accompanied by a match ticket (the newspaper match report is not included)
Ref: DPR-wapygp2-evans.ieuan - �5.00
| Williams |
Dublin Zoo is in which Park west of the city centre? | WALES - Welsh Rugby Memorabilia from 1900 to present day,
WALES / CYMRU
Welsh rugby memorabilia - you will find on this page a marvellous selection of memorabilia from all eras of Welsh Rugby. From the first Golden era to the 2008 Grand Slam, we've got the lot. Click on the links below or scroll down to see what great items we have on offer.
2012 GRAND SLAM - 2008 GRAND SLAM - 2005 GRAND SLAM - 1900's GOLDEN ERA - BETWEEN THE WARS 1920's & 30's - WARTIME/SERVICES - POST-WAR 40s, 50s & 60s - 1970's GOLDEN ERA - WELSH CENTENARY YEAR - 1980s TO DATE - THE GREAT PLAYERS - GREAT WELSH VICTORIES - GROGGS - CARDIFF ARMS PARK - SCHOOLS & COLLEGES - WELSH RUGBY UNION - CLUBS - REGIONS
Welsh Rugby Book & DVD Gift Pack. This pack contains a 96 page full colour book titled "The Golden Age of Welsh Rugby" and a 100 minute DVD featuring 101 great Welsh Tries. An ideal gift for any Welsh rugby fan. The pack is brand new, unopened in very good condition. RRP �14.99
Ref: PL44-warrbkdv-gift.pack - �12.99
2012 Wales Grand Slam - INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMMES
v Ireland
WALES GRAND SLAM 2005
MAGIC MOMENTS - TURF PAPERWEIGHTS
Rugby Relics are proud to be able to offer the actual turf on which Shane Williams touched down for his try against England and the very piece of grass from which Gavin Henson launched his penalty kick that won the game for Wales. The pitch cut up badly during the game and the Millennium Stadium and Welsh Rugby Union decided a new pitch was needed. To do this the whole pitch needed to be removed and re-laid. These two important pieces of turf were pinpointed by stadium staff and removed from the main pitch on Tuesday 15th of February. We have turned these two pieces of historical turf into a series of limited edition paperweights.
For more information on the Magic Moments - Turf Paperweights - CLICK HERE
�10.00
A Limited Edition print by Jonathan Evans celebrating that wonderful moment when Gavin Henson kicked the winning goal against England to set Wales on their way to the 2005 Triple Crown and Grand Slam.
For further details CLICK HERE
The 2005/6 Rugby Annual for Wales (37th year) - This annual includes details of Wales' Grand Slam, the British Lions tour of New Zealand, Wales tour of North America + other European & Worldwide competitions. As always it is a mine of information, the most comprehensive view of rugby in Wales -
Ref: anwa2005-06 - �7.50
For other editions of the Rugby Annual for Wales including 2006/7 - CLICK HERE
1905 WALES v NEW ZEALAND - WALES TEAM POSTCARD SET
A quality set of 20 A6 size postcards featuring the Welsh team that defeated New Zealand in 1906. The postcards in this set are as follows:
Welsh team, Gwyn Nicholls, Percy Bush, Jack Williams, Rhys Gabe, Arthur Harding, Jehodia Hodges, Dai 'Tarw' Jones, Will Joseph, Teddy Morgan, Willie Llewellyn, Dicky Owen, Cliff Pritchard, Charlie Pritchard, George Travers, Bert Winfield, Sir JDT Llewellyn, Tom Williams, Ack Llewellyn & official programme.
Ref: pcwa1905nzst20 - �25.00
Wales v New Zealand 1905 facsimile programme. This programme was reproduced in 1981. It is the same as the original programme apart from reproduction details on the back page. 8 pages, in very good condition.
Ref: prwanz.1905.rpxb - �35.00
England v Wales Schools 1913 touch judges' flag. This embroidered flag which measures 47cm x 30cm was used in the intermediate (under 16) schools match at Leicester on March 1st 1913. England schools triumphed 17 points to 3, only their 2nd victory over Wales. The flag has some light marks and folding creases, for it's age it is in very good condition. From the collection of a former WRU President, COA provided.
Ref: PL10-mmrfflenwash1913-xc+COA - �195.00
PRE-WAR 1920's & 30's
WALES v FRANCE 1923 - 'RUGBY' The official publication of the French Rugby Union � A post match newspaper containing a match report and photographs of the Wales v France 1923 international at Swansea. This match saw the opening of the new grandstand at St Helens. The paper includes several photos of the game and a match report (text in French). There is some wear causing damage to the spine, some discolouration throughout due to age and some minor tearing to the front cover.
Ref: Ref: ZN12-J1-04-npwafr1923 - �85.00
Wales v England Schools 15th March 1924 touch judges flag. A double sided, genuine embroidered touch judge's flag (no stick), the size is 38 x 25cm (15" x 10"), there are one or two stains and some very small holes. The flag is sold together with a copy of the official programme for this match which Wales won 6 - 3. A great and unique item of memorabilia from the 1920s.
Ref: PC31-mmrfflwaensh24xc - �225.00
Wales v Scotland 7th February 1931 - community singing 4 page leaflet. A selection of Welsh and Scottish songs to be sung at the international match led by the Cardiff City Tramways and Motors Prize Band.
Ref: F78-4-suwasc31 - �24.00
England v Wales 1933 official match programme. - CLICK HERE FOR AVAILABLITY
ENGLAND v WALES 1933 MEMORABILIA COLLECTION - A collection of reproduction memorabilia to celebrate Wales' first win in Twickenham 1933. The items included in the collection are as follows:
Official match programme, signed dinner menu card, East Lower Stand ticket, 12 x 8 reproduction photographs of the Price of Wales meeting Welsh captain Watcyn Thomas, Welsh Team group and a photo of the after match dinner. Also included is the 96 page England v Wales 2010 Twickenham Centenary original (not reproduction) programme which includes a short match report and other interesting historical information and a DVD celebrating the Twickenham centenary and the centenary of the England v Wales match with good 1970s Welsh Golden Era content.
Ref: PL44-tmwa.1933rpmmcl.gp - �35.00
The Greatest Matches
WALES v NEW ZEALAND - CARDIFF ARMS PARK - 21st December 1935
A great victory for Wales at the Arms Park, captained by Claude Davey, the Welsh team inspired by the Wilf Wooler - Cliff Jones combination defeated Jack Manchester's third All Blacks. Only 10 minutes to go, and the men in scarlet were trailing by 12 pts to 10. Hooker Don Tarr suffered a neck injury which meant that Wales had to play out the remainder of the game with 14 men. With six minutes to go, Wooller breaks through the gap, chips the full back, the ball flies high and into the in goal area, but the ball then cruelly bounces back over Wooller's head. Crashing into the straw bales all Wooller could hear was the roar of the crowd as Geoffrey Jones following up took the ball and scored his second try to give Wales a remarkable 13-12 victory.
Wales 13 - New Zealand 12
WARTIME & SERVICES
South Wales v Sir Robert Webber's XV. The official match programme for a 'semi-international rugby match' at Cardiff Arms Park held towards the end of the war. The match was a charity fund raiser for "mobile rest camps" for the soon to be released Japanese prisoners of war. Included amongst these prisoners were Wilf Wooller and Les Spence, two of Cardiff's favourite sons. There is some creasing and small tears to this 4 page programme.
Ref: F78-41-prspwaxb - �75.00
LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS MATCH - CLICK HERE
Wales v France GRAND SLAM 1950 menu signed by 14* members of the successful Welsh team and 2 members of the French team. The official menu card for the after match dinner. The following players from the Welsh team have signed next to their names (Gerwyn Williams, Ken Jones, Jack Matthews, Malcolm Thomas, Billy Cleaver, Rex Willis, Cliff Davies, DM Davies, John Robins, Roy John, RT Evans, Ray Cale, & John Gwilliam), missing players are Lewis Jones & Dai Hayward. The two French autographs are Aristuoy & Merquey.
* Feb 2008 - Lewis Jones signature has been added to the menu on the day he opened the 'Lewis Jones' pub & restaurant in Gorseinon.
The menu is showing signs of wear with the spine partly split.
Ref: F8-11-dmauwafr50 - �225.00
The Players - Gerwyn Williams, Lewis Jones, Alun Thomas, Bleddyn Williams, Horace Phillips, Ken Jones, Malcolm Thomas, Cliff Morgan, Billy Williams, Rex Willis, WO Williams, DM Davies, Rees Stephens, Roy John, Don Hayward, Clem Thomas, John Gwilliam, Alan Forward, Len Blyth,
JBG THOMAS - Editor - 1893-1952 Triple Crown Souvenir, published by the WRU and edited by JBG Thomas. A superb publication containing historical articles and information on all Wales' Triple Crowns up to 1952, there are many team photographs. Articles include "History of the Triple Crown" by JBG Thomas, "Memories of 1893 - 1900 by WJ 'Billy' Bancroft, "Playing in Three Triple Crown Sides" by Rhys Gabe, "Two Great Triple Crown Players - RM 'Dicky'Owen and WJ 'Billy' Trew by Pengragon, "The Game Today and in the Golden Era" by Tommy Vile, "Memories of 1911" by Billy Spiller, "A Great Victory and Narrow Failure in 1935-36" by Wilf Wooller, "1950 - Success at Last" by Billy Cleaver, "Leading Wales to Victory in Modern Times" by John Gwilliam, 48 pages. This is a secondhand copy in excellent condition.
Ref: blwa1952tctrhi-thomas.jbg-xc - �39.00
WALES v NEW ZEALAND - CARDIFF ARMS PARK - 19th December 1953
The All Blacks were hoping to make it 3rd time lucky in the nation's capital. In 1905 & 1935 they had been beaten (the 1924 win by the All Black Invincibles was at Swansea) at the Arms Park, was this to be the one? A Welsh defeat looked ominous when 10 minutes into the second half centre Gareth Griffiths left the field with a badly dislocated shoulder. The All Blacks led 8 - 5 at the time. With 15 minutes remaining against medical advice Griffiths returned, this immediately fired up the home team's forwards who managed to win a penalty which Gwyn Rowlands converted. It was now 8 points a piece. The battle raged and giant Welsh wing forward Clem Thomas found himself hemmed in on the touchline by All Blacks, he hoofed the ball way across field for Olympic sprinter Ken Jones to scoop up the ball and race in for the decisive try. A mighty roar ensued as the 56,000 crowd celebrated another glorious victory over New Zealand's finest.
Wales 13 - New Zealand 8
The official match programme - CLICK HERE FOR AVAILABILITY
HAYDN FORD - "Heads and Tails" - cartoons and pen portraits of well known Welsh Rugby Football Personalities. This is a 28 page booklet published approximately 1956 which contains caricatures of Welsh rugby personalities, the proceeds of the booklet went towards the building of the YMCA in Neath, a stone's throw from the Gnoll. The following personalities appear in this great publication Aberavon - Cliff Ashton, Ross Richards, Cardiff - Gareth Griffiths, Haydn Morris, Bleddyn Williams, Sid Judd, Cliff Morgan, Gordon Wells, Rex Willis, Llanelli - Peter Evans, Alun Thomas, Rhys Williams, Len Davies, Ray Williams, Maesteg - Trevor Lloyd, Neath - Ivor David, Roy John, Courtenay Meredith, Dai Meredith, Brian Sparks, Rees Stephens, WR Thomas, Viv Evans, Newport - Garfield Owen, Onllwyn Brace, Roy Burnett, Ken Jones, Bryn Meredith, Pontypridd - Russell Robins, Swansea - Clem Thomas, Billy Williams, Horace Phillips, Guest Stars - WPC Davies (Harlequins), Jean Prat (Lourdes), Jackie Kyle (NIFC). The booklet is in excellent condition apart from rusty staples. The proceeds from the sale of this booklet were in aid of the Neath YMCA Building Fund,
Ref: PC31-bkwamubi-hf-xc - �25.00
FRANCE v WALES 1957 autographed dinner menu - This superbly illustrated menu is autographed by 28 players and officials, including, Cliff Morgan, Russell Robins, Michel Celaya, Andre Boniface & Michel Vannier, there is a single crease down the centre.
Ref: F52-1-audmfrwa57xc - �190.00
Wales v International XV 1957 - Empire Games Fundraising Match
Signed by TE Davies, C Davies, G Powell, G Wells, CI Morgan, L Williams, BV Meredith, JRG Stephens, RJ Robins of Wales, and RM Bartlett, E Evans, RWD Marques of International XV.
Ref: PC11-auprwa-int57-xb - �75.00
Cliff Morgan Presents "Memorable Moments", a 33.3 rpm gramaphone record containing interviews with Cliff Morgan, Clem Thomas, Bleddyn Williams, Billy Cleaver, Ken Jones. The record includes match commentaries by GV Wynne Jones, Rex Alston & Winston McCarthy. Produced by Cwaliton Records of Pontardawe. The front cover has been signed by Cliff Morgan.
Ref: PC27-rewa-cm - �95.00
v France 13 - 22
(Paris)
Hopes were not high after Wales had embarked on a disastrous tour of South Africa. The new laws which abolished kicking directly into touch from outside the 25 were introduced into the championship for the first time. This brought out the superb attacking skills of fly half David Watkins who had his best season for Wales. The match against Ireland was a Triple Crown decider with the Irish having also beaten Scotland (16-6) and England (5-0). Wales were to lift the 'Crown' with tries from Dewi Bebb & Stuart Watkins and 8 points from the trusty boot of Terry Price.
Illustrated left - Welsh captain Clive Rowlands chaired from the field after hundreds of Welsh fans rushed onto the field at the final whistle at Murrayfield
1965 WALES TRIPLE CROWN PROGRAMME SET
All 3 programmes from the 1965 Triple Crown:
v England, Scotland & Ireland.
The three programmes are in good to very good condition, they are sold together with a team photograph, an information sheet listing match scores and information and a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original.
Ref: wa.1965.triple.crown-prst.3.+ph.ifcd.+COA - �75.00
For individual programmes from this season, please check the Programmes page on this website.
FRAMED 1965 WALES TRIPLE CROWN PROGRAMME SET
All 3 programmes from the 1965 Triple Crown framed, ideal as a gift :
v England, Scotland & Ireland.
The three programmes from the 1965 Triple Crown framed together with a team photo (see illustrations for new photo and info card) & results, a personalised insert is available at no extra charge. This framed set is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original. This item is available to the UK only.
Ref: wa.1965.triple.crown-prst.3.+ph.ifcd-+COA-aifm - �175.00
WALES v ENGLAND 1967 - The official programme for Wales v England 1967 match signed to the front cover by Keith Jarrett, this programme is accompanied by a COA guaranteeing that the autograph is authentic and original.
Ref: auprwaen67-k.jarrett-xb - �39.00
WALES v ENGLAND 1967 - Official 28 page match programme (unsigned) in very good condition.
Ref: prwaen67xb - �15.00
Rugby World Magazine - September 1967. Front cover photo of John Lloyd trying to breach the English defence in the match and a 3 page article by Welsh legend Wilf Wooller titled "The Greatest Game I Ever Saw". This refers to the Wales v England 1967 match. Like Jarrett, Wooller gained his first cap as a teenager in a memorable victory over England. At the age of 19 and still a schoolboy in Rydal School, Colwyn Bay, he played in the first ever Welsh victory at Twickenham in 1933. This article is how he saw the 1967 game.
Ref: mgbr-rw67-09-xb - �12.00
"I Was There" by Max Boyce
Poems, stories & songs from the Welsh Maestro, includes the words to Max Boyce's classics "The Outside half Factory", Asso Asso Yogoshi", "Hymns & Arias", "The Incredible Plan", "9 3". Lavishly illustrated with cartoons by Gren, this book is a classic that went straight in at No2 on the Sunday Times best seller list. If you are Welsh and this book is not in your library you do not want to spend another minute without it.
This copy is a secondhand hardback with illustrated boards in good condition.
1st Edition: 1979
v England 30 - 9
(Cardiff)
This was the start of the second golden era of Welsh rugby, Clive Rowlands took over as coach and regular squad sessions took place at the Afan Lido, Port Talbot. The campaign started brilliantly with the biggest victory at Murrayfield since 1947. This match saw two London Welsh youngsters make their first appearances, Mervyn Davies and JPR Williams. Both were to lead Triple Crown sides over the next decade. The Irish match was a tense affair, Ireland needed to win to secure the triple Crown for themselves but for the 11th time Wales denied the men from the Emerald Isle the crown. Then it was off to France where the French clawed back an 8 point deficit to draw 8 - 8. The final match was a decisive victory over England, Maurice Richards crossing the line four times to equal the Welsh try scoring record.
(Illustration right - Duckham unable to stop Richards scoring his 4th try)
WALES v ENGLAND 1969 - the official programme for Wales v England 1969, the programme is in very good condition.
Ref: prwaen69xb - �25.00
WALES v ENGLAND 1969 - Rugby World and post for June 1969, the cover photo is from the match with 3 + pages of match photos including two of Richards' tries. A short match report is also included. This issue doubles as a pre-tour souvenir for Wales' trip to New Zealand, Australia and Fiji 1969. There are pen pictures and photos of the squad, pre tour views and comments
Ref: mgbr-rw69-06 - �15.00
1969 TRIPLE CROWN - Western Mail - 4 page pre-match (Wales v England) Triple Crown souvenir, photos and articles leading up to the match.
Ref: FAC-npwatc69-wm - �10.00
WALES v ENGLAND 12 Apr 1969 TRIPLE CROWN MATCH FOR WALES SIGNED PROGRAMME, autographed over individual player profiles by 14 of the Welsh team and 6 of the English team. The players who have signed this programme are as follows; Brian Price (Capt), J.P.R Williams, Maurice Richards, Keith Jarrett, John Dawes, Stuart Watkins, Barry John, Gareth Edwards, David Lloyd, Denzil Williams, Brian Thomas, Dai Morris, Mervyn Davies, John Taylor, Bob Hiller, John Spencer, John Pullin, Dave Powell, Peter Larter and Bob Taylor. The programme has a single crease down the centre, generally it is in good condition, it is accompanied by a COA guaranteeing that the autographs are original and authentic.
Ref: aupringp.waen.1969.au20.xb - �129.00
v France 9 - 5
(Paris)
Arguably the greatest Welsh side ever. Containing several players who went on to star in the most successful Lions tour of New Zealand ever and revolutionised rugby football. Captained by master tactician John 'Syd' Dawes the team contained the genius of Barry John, Gareth Edwards & Gerald Davies, a ball winning mobile pack and the rock, JPR in defence. The sensational victory over Scotland in 1971 remains to this day, one of the most inspiring moments in Welsh rugby history while the defeat of France in the last match was one of Wales' classic performances.
The Players - J.P.R. Williams, Gerald Davies, John Dawes, Arthur Lewis, Ian Hall, John .C. Bevan, Barry John, Gareth Edwards, Denzil Williams, Jeff Young, Barry Llewellyn, Mike Roberts, Delme Thomas, Dai Morris, Mervyn Davies, John Taylor.
1971 WALES GRAND SLAM SEASON PROGRAMME SET
All 4 official programmes from the 1971 Grand Slam season in good to very good condition.
v England, Scotland, Ireland & France
Sold together with a team photograph, an information sheet listing match scores etc and a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original.
Ref: wa.1971.grand.slam-prst.4.+ifcd.+COA - �175.00
FRAMED 1971 WALES GRAND SLAM SEASON PROGRAMME SET
All 4 official programmes from the 1971 Grand Slam season framed together with a team photo & results, a personalised insert is available at no extra charge. This framed set is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programmes are original. This item is available to the UK only.
Ref: wa.1971.grand.slam-prst.4.aifm.+ifcd.+COA - �275.00
INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMMES from the 1971 Wales Grand Slam
Early 1970s Welsh tracksuit. This tracksuit belonged to the Wales & British Lions scrum half Chico Hopkins. Chico was a member of the Welsh squad 1970 - 1972. He went North soon after playing for Llanelli against the 1972 All Blacks. He was a regular understudy to Gareth Edwards. In his one cap against England in 1970 he turned the game in Wales' favour scoring a try in a fantastic victory at Twickenham, (it was Chico's effort on this day that inspired Max Boyce to write his crowd favourite 'Hymns & Arias'). His one test appearance for the British Lions was also as a replacement for Edwards in the first test at Dunedin in 1971. Again the Maesteg man sparkled as the Lions won a famous victory over the All Blacks and went on to become the first Lions team to win a series in New Zealand.
Ref: PL32-tswa70-chico - �185.00
1972 WALES PROGRAMME SET
All 4 official programmes from the matches played by Wales in 1972. The programmes are in good to very good condition.
v England (12 Jan), Scotland (5 Feb), France (25 Mar) & New Zealand (2 Dec)
The Irish match was cancelled in this year because of the troubles in Northern Ireland.
Ref: prstwa.1972 - �16.00
v France 19 - 13
(Cardiff)
A Grand Slam of records, the team scored 102 points in the championship, Phil Bennett scored 19 in the match against Ireland, equalling Jack Bancroft and Keith Jarrett's records, Gareth Edwards became the highest try scorer for Wales with 18, JPR became the most capped Welsh full back while the victory over Ireland in Dublin was a record score against Ireland. This was an outstanding team led by 'Merve the Swerve'. The victory over France in the last match was a classic, JPR Williams tackle on French wing Gourdon in the final stages ensured Wales were crowned champions.
The Players - J.P.R. Williams, Clive Rees, Gerald Davies, Steve Fenwick, Ray Gravell, J.J. Williams, Phil Bennett, Gareth Edwards, Charlie Faulkner, Bobby Windsor, Graham Price, Allan Martin, Geoff Wheel, Trevor Evans, Terry Cobner, Mervyn Davies, Tommy David.
v Scotland 18 - 9
(Edinburgh)
Wales had to work hard against both England and Ireland for victories. The Triple Crown was secured against Scotland with an incredible piece of Phil Bennett magic. The Welsh skipper scored a rousing try when he finished off a move that had started with JPR Williams in his own half. One of the great tries of the 1970s Golden Era.
GREN'S RUGBY ADDICTS CALENDAR 1977 - 1st EDITION - WELSH RUGBY HUMOUR - A fantastic original 'as new' 1st edition of Gren's calendar. Featuring the International Reject XV. Players include Retaliate First Rees, Bill Igerent & Hamish McFilth. Hilarious.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1977.cf-gren - �19.00
v France 16 - 7
(Cardiff)
Three penalty goals by Phil Bennett got Wales off to a shaky start in the win against England. Gareth Edwards scored his 20th and last try for Wales in the victory over Scotland at Cardiff. The defeat of Ireland ensured that Wales became the first nation to win 3 consecutive triple crowns. The Grand Slam win over France saw both Gareth Edwards and Phil Bennett play their last match for Wales. Both of the seventies superstars played a major part in this final victory, Bennett scoring two tries and a conversion while Edwards dropped a goal, a nine point cushion over a great French XV sealed Wales' final Five Nations Grand Slam.
The Players - J.P.R. Williams, Gerald Davies, Steve Fenwick, Ray Gravell, J.J. Williams, Phil Bennett, Gareth Edwards, Charlie Faulkner, Bobby Windsor, Graham Price, Allan Martin, Geoff Wheel, Jeff Squire, Terry Cobner, Derek Quinnell, Gareth Evans,
1978 GRAND SLAM - FRAMED PRESENTATION
All 4 official programmes from the 1978 Grand Slam, a team photograph and match results framed and glazed.
A personalised insert can be included with this presentation at no extra charge.
Ref: fmprwags78st4 - �165.00
Ireland v Wales 4 Mar 1978, the Triple Crown match at Lansdowne Road, Dublin. Official presentation programme available only to VIPs, committee and players. A printed softback cover with mint programme inside. The match was won 20 - 16 by Wales.
Ref: CC13-prirwa78-xb - �50.00
WALES GRAND SLAM 1978 RETRO / ORIGINAL RED SHOULDER BAG - A holdall / shoulder bag celebrating the Wales Grand Slam in 1978. This is an original bag dating from 1978, it is unused in original packaging that has only been opened to take the photograph. The bag has the results of all 4 matches against England, Scotland, Ireland & France together with their national emblems and a large central 3 feathers. It measures 15" x 11" x 5" ( 38cm x 28cm x 13cm) The printing is identical on both sides.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1978.ktgs-red-xb - �24.00
WALES GRAND SLAM 1978 RETRO / ORIGINAL RED SHOULDER BAG - A holdall / shoulder bag celebrating the Wales Grand Slam in 1978. This is an original bag dating from 1978, it is unused in original packaging that has only been opened to take the photograph. The bag has the results of all 4 matches against England, Scotland, Ireland & France together with their national emblems and a large central 3 feathers. It measures 15" x 11" x 5" ( 38cm x 28cm x 13cm) The printing is identical on both sides.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1978.ktgs-black-xb - �14.00
A fold over card to celebrate the unveiling of a mural at Cardiff Arms Park by Tom Rathmell in 1978. The ceremony was performed by the then Secretary of State of Wales John Morris. Both the Secretary and artist Rathmell have signed the card.
Ref: F19-69-cdwa78 - �25.00
A Welsh players sweater, "Welsh XV" under the three feathers, believed to be from the 1978 tour of Australia. The sweater is a size 40" and is by Royal Thistle, it is probably pure wool but there is a name tag on the label which probably covers the material information. There are one or two marks to the sweater on the two sleeves, these may come out in the wash. From the collection of a former WRU President, COA provided.
Ref: PL5-tpwapy.1978xb - �39.50
WALES - TRIPLE CROWN WINNERS 1976 - 1978 SLATE WALL PLAQUE / HANGING - A slate commemoration plaque celebrating Wales' Triple Triple Crown 1978, Made bt 'Welsh Slatecraft' R-K Products of Newport, the plaque measures 6" (15cm) in diameter and has a leather loop for hanging.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1978.pq-slate-xb - �15.00
v England 27 - 3
(Cardiff)
The 27 - 3 victory over England and the secured the international championship and fourth consecutive Triple Crown for Wales. Who can forget the bloodied JPR Williams leaving the field to be replaced by Clive Griffiths. The Llanelli full back was then instrumental in one another of Cardiff Arms Park's great tries when he put away Elgan Rees for a brilliant try. So ended the second golden era of Welsh Rugby.
All 3 programmes from the 1979 Triple Crown, v Scotland, Ireland & England - all three programmes are in excellent condition
Ref: AS-stwaprtc79 - �20.00
All 3 programmes, team photograph and match results framed and glazed,
Ref: fmpnstwapr79 - �120.00
Wales v Ireland 1979 presentation programme, hard cover biding for the official programme, only available to players and VIPs.
Ref: CC13-pnprwair79xb - �39.00
WALES v IRELAND 1979 touch judges flag. The flag is is of two separate pieces stitched together, the text and logos look to be iron on transfers. Theflag is without the pole and is in very good condition. This was the second match in Wales' 4th consecutive triple crown, Wales were triumphant 24 - 21 in this match.
Ref: TL13-wafl79ir - �195.00
WALES - TRIPLE CROWN CHAMPIONS 1976 - 1979 SILVER COLOURED COMMEMORATIVE BOXED MEDALION - A commemorative medla to celebrate Wales winning their 4 Triple Crown in a row in 1979. The medal may be silver plated or have silver content but we cannot see any evidence of this. The double sided medal has the three feather and triple crown information in English on one side with a Welsh dragon and info in welsh on the reverse. It measures 38mm in diameter with the case measuring 8cm.
Ref: PL43-wamm.1979.md-triple.crown - �15.00
Scotland v Wales 20th January 1979 programme & ticket group - the ticket is creased with a name on the front while the programme is in very good condition.
Ref: PB1-mmgpscwa79xb - �9.00
Welsh Rugby Magazine - May 1979 - 4th Triple Crown Issue. - Front cover photos of JPR , Triple Crown review by GV Wynne Jones, John Reed, John Billot, John O'Shea & Reg Prophit photos from the English match. Caricatures and facsimilie autographs of the Welsh squad inside, Wilf Wooller on the 'Rugby Sin Bin', David Watkins on rugby and professionalism, photos from Schweppes Cup semi finals plus regular features.
Ref: mgwa-wr79-05 - �8.00
"And the Tanker Spent a Comfortable Night", paperback book of poems by Tom Bellion with illustrations by Gren, a look at welsh rugby in the 1970s, classic Welsh humour. The title refers to a poem where JPR crashed into a tanker .......and the tanker etc. A great humorous read accompanied by Gren's brilliant cartoons. Classic Welsh rugby humour. Published in 1979, 64 pages.
Ref: bkhuwa79-tb-xb - �15.00
GREN'S RUGBY ADDICTS CALENDAR 1979 - 3rd EDITION - WELSH RUGBY HUMOUR - A fantastic original 'as new' 3rd edition of Gren's calendar. Presenting the ABC of Rugby - A is for Amateur, B is for Blindside, C is for Coach, D is for Dentures etc etc all the way to Z. - great hmour
Ref: PL43-wamm.1979.cf-gren - �10.00
GREN'S RUGBY ADDICTS CALENDAR 1980 - 4th EDITION - WELSH RUGBY HUMOUR - A fantastic original 'as new' 4th edition of Gren's calendar. Presenting Great Moments of Rugby - 'The moment I never got my cap' - 'The moment I first got my name in the paper' etc - great humour
Ref: PL43-wamm.1980.cf-gren - �10.00
WELSH CENTENARY 1980/1
Official programme for WRU Gala Opening at Cardiff Arms Park, 26th July 1980, the programme features itinerary for the day and some great historical articles including "The WRU Secretaries" by JBG Thomas and "It will always be the Arms Park" by Gerald Davies.
Ref: prspwa19800726 - �18.00
Centenary Celebrity Cricket Match - An A4, 16 page programme for the match between an International Invitation Cricket XI (including Richie Richardson, Don Shepherd, Sadiq & Mustaq Mohammed and a Welsh International Rugby XI (Barry John, Brynmor Williams, Geoff Wheel, Phil Bennett etc). The programme is in excellent condition.
Ref: blwacncrpr19800806 - �10.00
Welsh Rugby Union Centenary Dinner - a fold over card menu (illustrated left), 24 page guest list (illustrated right top) and 2 invitation cards (illustrated right bottom - only 1 illustrated) for the centenary dinner held at the National Sports Centre, Sophia Gardens on the 12th march 1981. The menu card has been autographed by 8 club officials in the centre, there is also a wine stain on these pages. The guest list has 11 autographs, mostly club officials but including internationals Robert Ackerman & Gary Pearce.
Ref: F65-4-dmwacn81 - �45.00
A collection of 9 programmes covering international and special matches played during the WRU centenary 1980/1 season. The programmes included in this package are North Wales v International Overseas XV played at Colwyn Bay on Sept 16th, this was a warm up game for the Overseas XV consisting of players from Canada, Argentina, Japan, Romania, Fiji, Tonga & USA. Wales v Overseas XV, the 5 programmes from the All Blacks centenary tour against Cardiff, Llanelli, Swansea, Newport & Wales, The traditional England/Wales v Scotland/Ireland fixture, played on 29th November 1980. Five nations matches against England and Ireland and finally a programme for the match between Wales and the Presidents XV. The programmes are in excellent condition.
Ref: PC31-prstwacn - �35.00
Rugby World October 1980 - Wales Centenary Issue. A 88 page magazine including a 6 page page article by John Taylor on the "Decade of the Dragon". A celebration of Welsh Rugby 1969 -1979
Ref: mgbr-rw80-10 - �9.00
WESTERN MAIL - "100 Years of Welsh Rugby". A 48 page magazine supplement with great historical articles on the formation of the Welsh Rugby Union, the first golden era, 1920's & 30's, 1940's & 50's, the 1960's and the second golden era, 1970s. Many colour photos including a double page spread of gareth Edwards scoring his last try for Wales (v Scotland in 1978). This copy has slight creasing.
Ref: blmgwacn-wm - �5.00
"Dragon's Delight" - A review of the Welsh Centenary season, an 80 page magazine with match reports and statistics from the matches played during the season 1980-81, includes an interesting article by Windsor Davies, the actor and Spike Milligan, the comedian.
Ref: blwacn-dd - �12.00
WESTERN MAIL - "CENTENARY" SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT - A four page broadsheet publication, includes a decade by decade review of Welsh rugby. the front cover features JBG Thomas' two best Welsh XVs from the years 1880-1930 & 1931-1980.
Ref: FAC-npwacn-wme - �5.00
A stainless steel salver by PSL, Sheffield presented to Ken Harris, the chairman of the Welsh Centenary committee on the occasion of the England/Wales v Scotland/Ireland Centenary match. The salver is accompanied by Ken Harris' personal copy of the match programme with a presentation cover. Both items are in very good condition.
Ref PL33-wacn-salver-+prpn - �149.00
WALES v PRESIDENT'S XV 1981 - A brand new unused Gilbert Match ball signed by the teams that played in this Welsh Centenary match. The ball has been signed by 37 players from both sides. Signatures include Geoff Wheel, Terry Holmes, Graham Price, Andy Irvine, Jean-Pierre Rives, Dave Loveridge, Colin Deans, Bill Beaumont, Andrew Slack, Rob Louw, Mike Slemen, John Robbie, Michael Fitzpatrick and Mark Ella. For a full list of the teams please... CLICK HERE It is unknown whether of not the bladder is working on this ball, it is loose inside and we have not tested it. The ball has been stored out of sunlight since the signing and all autographs are strong and easily read. This ball is sold together with the official match programme containing photos and profiles of all the players and a COA guaranteeing that the original autographs are authentic.
Ref: PL18-aubatm.inmu.wapd.1981.au.37+COA-xb - �225.00
WRU CENTENARY - SET OF FIRST DAY AND COMMEMORATIVE COVERS
No. 1
v France 9 - 10
(Cardiff)
It was back to the running game for Wales in the year after finishing in 3rd place at the inaugural Rugby World Cup. In dropping Paul Thorburn the selectors made a huge gamble when they placed Swansea fly half Anthony Clement at full back and when John Deveraux withdrew through injury Mark Ring became the fourth player fly half in the team (Clement, Bowen, Ring and Jonathan Davies) to face England. Adrian Hadley scored a brace of tries, the first originated from Clement running back a loose kick by Cusworth. In a thrilling encounter against Scotland, Wales clawed back a 20 - 10 deficit, Jonathan Davies and Ieuan Evans scoring tries with Davies dropping a couple of goals to win the match. Thorburn was recalled when Clement withdrew through injury for the Scotland game and retained his place against Ireland. With 4 minutes of injury time played and the scores tied at 9 each he kicked the winning goal to give Wales the only Triple Crown of the 1980s.
ENGLAND v WALES - 6th February 1988 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s, the triple crown season win over England at Twickenham. Adrian Hadley scored 2 brilliant tries and there was also a drop goal from Jonathan Davies who taunted the English throughout the game. This is a day that will live long in the memories of Welsh fans, it was the start of a successful triple crown campaign for Wales, their first since 1979. The collection includes the official match programme, and a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s including highlights of the match and an interview with Jonathan Davies. The collection is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme is original.
Ref: wammcl.enwa88.gp3.prdv.+COA - �15.00
WALES v SCOTLAND 20th February 1988 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s. This was the second leg of the 1988 Triple Crown with Jonathan Davies kicking two drop goals and scoring a superb try which had the crowd roaring for Wales. Many believe Davies was his at his best in a Welsh Jersey in this match. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1980s including highlights of the match and an interview with Jonathan Davies plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wammcl.wasc88.gp4.prtkdv.+COA - �10.00
All 3 programmes from the 1988 Triple Crown, v England, Scotland & Ireland - all three programmes are in excellent condition
Ref: AS-prinwatc88st - �29.00
WALES v ENGLAND - 6th February 1993 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. Wales came into the game fearing a big defeat as they hadn't beaten England since 1989 and England were gunning for an unprecedented third Grand Slam in a row. Re-live Ieuan Evans try and he caught Rory Underwood napping to clinch a 10-9 victory. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wacl.waen93.gp4.prtkdv.+COA - �15.00
WALES v FRANCE - 19th February 1994 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. The game will be remembered for Nigel Walker and Scott Quinell's tries, two world class players touching down for a 24-15 victory for Wales. Gareth Llewellyn took over the captaincy in the absence of Ieuan Evans. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wammcl.wafr94.prtkdv.+COA - �10.00
FRANCE v WALES - 6th March 1999 - PROGRAMME & DVD SET
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. Wales defeated France in Paris for the first time since 1975. It was a truly remarkable performance, Neil Jenkins kicked 5 penalties with his trusty boot which clinched the game for Wales. The collection includes the official match programmeand a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley. The programme is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that it is original.
Ref: wammcl.frwa99.gp3.prdv.+COA - �10.00
WALES v ENGLAND 11th April 1999 - MEMORABILIA COLLECTION
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. This was Wales's last game at Wembley and the last match ever in the Five Nations Tournament which was to become the Six Natiuons a year later with the inclusion of Italy. The pre-match warm up included Tom Jones and Max Boyce and the last act of the match was Scott Gibbs scoring a magical try with Neil Jenkins slotting over the conversion. This was probably the most euphoric moment (and there have been a few) in Welsh Rugby History. The collection includes the official match programme, official match used ticket, a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme and ticket are original.
Ref: wammcl.waen99.gp4.prtkdv.+COA - �29.95
WALES v ARGENTINA 5th June 1999 - PROGRAMME & DVD SET
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s. A pasting for Wales looked on the cards as Argentine romped into a 23-0 lead but a crucial try by Dafydd James just before half time kept Wales hopes alive. Wales went on to triumph 36-26 which was the biggest come back in Test Series history, an amazing game with Neil Jenkins scoring 18 points, Wales went on to become the first Northern Hemisphere team to win a Test Series in Argentina. The collection includes the official match programme, and a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley. The programme is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that it is original and official.
Ref: wammcl.arwa99-1T-gp3.prdv.+COA - �10.00
WALES v SOUTH AFRICA 1999 Programme & DVD set
A set of three items relating to Wales' first (and only) victory over South Africa. In the first match at the Millennium Stadium Wales defeated the World Champion Springboks 29-19. The set comprises of an original official match programme, a 60 page publication including Arms Park history, other articles, players pictures and profiles. This programme was a sell out on the day and with a limited number printed due to crowd restrictions (36,000) this is a definite rarity. The programme is accompanied by a DVD, 'Wales - Six of the Best - The Nineties' containing highlights of this great victory. The set is completed by a COA guaranteeing that the programme is an original printing as sold on the day at the Millennium Stadium.
Ref: wammcl.wasa99.gp3.prdv-6.best.90s.+COA - �27.50
WALES v SOUTH AFRICA 1999 Programme & DVD set
A set of three items relating to Wales' first (and only) victory over South Africa. In the first match at the Millennium Stadium Wales defeated the World Champion Springboks 29-19. The set comprises of an original official match programme, a 60 page publication including Arms Park history, other articles, players pictures and profiles. This programme was a sell out on the day and with a limited number printed due to crowd restrictions (36,000) this is a definite rarity. The programme is accompanied by a DVD, 'Blood, Sweat and Tears' the official Welsh Rugby Union, Wales v South Africa history containing highlights of this great victory. The set is completed by a COA guaranteeing that the programme is an original printing as sold on the day at the Millennium Stadium.
Ref: wammcl.wasa99.gp3.dv-blood.sweat.tears - �29.00
WALES v FRANCE 17th March 2001 - PROGRAMME & DVD SET
A collection of items relating to one of Wales' greatest victories of the 2000s. Wales repeated their 1999 astonishing victory with another against France in Paris. That match was probably one of Neil Jenkins best and took him past 1,000 points altogether for Wales! Rob Howley's sensational try will be remembered as one of Wales' great tries. The collection includes the official match programme and a DVD of Wales' greatest victories of the 1990s including highlights of the match and an interview with Rob Howley, plus a Certificate of Authenticity guaranteeing that the programme is official and original.
Ref: wammcl.frwa01.gp3.prdv.+COA - �15.00
Official match programme in excellent condition, 84 pages of team information, articles and stats, front cover photo of Neil Jenkins.
Ref: prwaen99 - �25.00
"Perfect Day" - Wales on Sunday 16 page Wembley post-match souvenir. Front page photo of Graham Henry & Steve Black in a passionate embrace !!!!!
Ref: PL29-npwaen99-wos- - �8.00
Graham Henry original artwork. This A3 size caricature by Paul Morgan is of Graham Henry sitting on a throne with the caption "King Henry". We believe it was commissioned for a publication but are not sure whether or not is was used. After victories against France, England & South Africa in 1999 Graham Henry was hailed as the saviour of Welsh rugby. Ideal for framing.
Ref: LN4-avwa-gh - �35.00
WALES v SOUTH AFRICA - MILLENNIUM STADIUM - 26th June 1999
13 was a lucky number for Wales in this midsummer meeting to open the not quite finished new stadium. 27,500 people watched as at the 13th attempt, Wales finally laid the South African bogey to rest. For 93 years each attempt had been dashed, then up stepped No 13 Mark Taylor to score the first try against the World Champions at the Millennium Stadium. Neil Jenkins orchestrated the victory with a total of 19 points, Taylor and Gareth Thomas scored tries to add another top scalp to the belt of coach Graham Henry.
Wales 29 - South Africa 19
Official match programme, 60 pages including Arms Park history, other articles, players pictures and profiles, this programme was a sell out on the day and with a limited number printed due to crowd restrictions this is a definite rarity.
Ref: prwasa99 - �25.00
THE HISTORY
" TAFF'S ACRE" - A history and celebration of Cardiff Arms Park" edited by David Parry-Jones
The most comprehensive history of the world's most historic rugby ground, details of all the great matches played there, Wales v New Zealand1905 & 1935, Barbarians against the All Blacks in 1964 & 1973. Published in 1984 with chapters by JBG Thomas, Harry Bowcott, Wilf Wooller, Bleddyn Williams, John Billot, David Hayward, David Parry-Jones & Ray Williams, 198 pages.
Ref: bkhiwagr84-dpj-xb - �18.00
"New Cardiff Arms Park", a special souvenir published by the Western Mail & Echo Ltd, a 24 page publication to celebrate the opening of the new North Stand in the Arms Park 1970. It has great historical articles including a history of the ground, great moments, article on Ken Jones, David Watkins memories, interview with Clive Rowlands, many photos, Cardiff against the touring teams, history of Wales v South Africa at the stadium, the All Blacks at the Arms Park, the Wallabies in Cardiff, Barbarians against touring sides. In excellent condition
Ref: nphiwagr70-wme-xb - �15.00
"A Farewell to Arms" - a 64 page brochure published by the Western Mail in association with the Welsh Rugby Union. A historical look at the Arms Park including an all-time Welsh XV chosen by John Billot and Graham Clutton. There is an excellent 'timeline', 15 of the best tries, coverage of the first 2 European Finals which were played there together with soccer, boxing, greyhound racing & Empire Games articles and photos.
Ref: blhiwagr97-wm - �9.00
Welsh Rugby Magazine September-October 1970, Cardiff Arms Park celebration issue. An collection of historical articles relating to Welsh ruby including Cardiff Arms Park Story, photos of all WRU Presidents, history of the laws and administrators, feature on all WRU secretaries, WRU Treasurers, all this plus regular features.
Ref: mgwa-wr70-09 - �12.00
History of the Cardiff Arms Park which appeared in Wales v South Africa programme, the opening match at the Millennium Stadium
CELEBRATIONS
International 'Sport Aid' Sevens 1986. The official programme for this 'famine relief' rugby tournament held at Cardiff may 16/17 1986. Involves teams from New Zealand, Scotland, England, France, Australia, Ireland & Wales. New Zealand (captain David Kirk) ran out eventual winners 32-6 over an English side captained by Les Cusworth. the programme has been autographed by 14 Welsh internationals including Robert Norster, Mark Titley, Billy James, Adrian Hadley, Kevin Hopkins, Huw Richards & Clive Rowlands.
Ref: F65-3-auprsbwa86-sa - �45.00
Wales v WRU Presidents XV 1984. Official programme to celebrate the completion of Cardiff Arms Park. The Presidents XV was captain by Rob Louw (South Africa). The 36 page programme contains historical articles and photographs of the stadium.
Ref: prwapr84 - �3.00
THE FINAL CURTAIN
Auction catalogue for "The contents of Cardiff Arms Park", not the most enthralling publication, 36 pages.
Ref: blhiwagr-auction - �15.00
GREAT WELSH VICTORIES - Click on the match details to view information and memorabilia on these great Welsh wins
(We will periodically adding players to our 'greats victories & great players, please bear with us there are so many to choose from !)
Phil Bennett - Max Boyce - Mervyn Davies - Gareth Edwards - Ieuan Evans - Arthur Gould - Carwyn James - Neil Jenkins - Barry John - Jack Matthews - Cliff Morgan - Dai Morris - Ray Williams - Bleddyn Williams - Shane Williams
Phil Bennett - (29 caps, 1st cap v France 1969, last cap v France 1978) - Captain of Wales and the 1977 Lions, Bennett stepped nicely into Barry John's boots to star for Wales in the 1970s Golden Era. In his last match for Wales, the 1978 Grand Slam decider against France, Bennett scored 2 tries to set the seal on what was a fantastic career wearing the scarlet shirt of Wales.
Ref: bkbiwa-pb1-xb - �12.00
Welsh Youth v French Youth 1967 match programme with future Welsh internationals Phil Bennett & Derek Quinnell in the Welsh team and Bennett's future outside half opponent Jean-Pierre Romeu playing for France.
Ref: pragwafr67-yth-xb - �6.00
Max Boyce - (No caps, 1 big leek) - The album 'Live at Treorchy' lauched Max Boyce as the great rugby entertainer of the 1970s, his song 'Hymns and Arias' reverberated around the Arms Park as the Welsh rugby public took Max, his stories and his songs to heart.
BOOK - "I Was There" by Max Boyce
Poems, stories & songs from the Welsh Maestro, includes the words to Max Boyce's classics "The Outside half Factory", Asso Asso Yogoshi", "Hymns & Arias", "The Incredible Plan", "9 3". Lavishly illustrated with cartoons by Gren, this book is a classic. If you are Welsh and this book is not in your library you do not want to spend another minute without it. A secondhand hardback with illustrated boards in good condition.
1st Edition: 1979
Ref: bkhu79-mb-xc - �25.00
"Max Boyce in Session" - Max's first LP, recorded in 1971 at the Valley Folk Club in Pontardawe, catalogue no. MCT 207. This album includes those well loved songs "Duw it's hard" and "hymns and arias". The record sleeve notes correctly predict "It may well be that future years will find "Hymns and Arias" rolling a thunderous chorus across the terraced rugby grounds"
Ref: PL31-ware-mb71 - �25.00
"Caneuon Amrywiol" - Cambrian Recordings, Pontardawe 1971. 12", 33rpm gramaphone record. - This is Max's 2nd LP and is a selection of folk songs in Welsh with one of the songs called "Twicers".
This LP cover is signed and dated 1999.
Ref PL31-ware-mb71b - �45.00
"Live at Treorchy" EMI 1974 - Recorded at the Treorchy Rugby Club on 23rd November 1973 this is the album that launched Max Boyce as rugby's No1 entertainer. The songs/stories on this album are 9 - 3 (Llanelli v NZ 72), The Scottish Trip, The Ballard of Morgan the Moon, The Outside-Half Factory, Asso Asso Yogoshi, Duw it's Hard, Ten Thousand Instant Christians, Did You Understand, Hymns and Arias.
LP with cover signed by Max
Ref: DPR-wareau-max73.treorchy - �30.00
LP - unsigned.
Ref: PL29-ware-mb73 - �10.00
"We All Had Doctors Papers........"(EMI 1975, 12" 33rpm).........and they all said the same ! we all had Scarlet Fever and we caught it at the game, immortal words from Max. recorded live at Pontardulais Rugby Club. songs and stories on this album are: Sospan Fach, I am an Entertainer, I wandered Lonely, I Gave My Love a Debenture, Deck of Cards, Swansea Town, The Devil's Making Me, A'r Lan Y Mor, The Pontypool Front Row, Sospan Fach.
LP with cover signed and dated (1999),
Ref: PL31-wareau-mb99 - �25.00
LP - unsigned,
Ref: PL29-ware-mb99 - �10.00
"The Incredible Plan" EMI, 1976, 12" 33 rpm, recorded live at Bindles in Barry, South Wales, this LP starts with an extract of Bill McLaren's commentary from the Welsh victory at Murrayfield in 1971, other songs and stories on this LP are: The Divine Intervention, Ode to Barry Island, The Incredible Plan, The Gypsy, What Does She Know About Music, Morning Star, Bugail Aberdyfi, 100,000,000,000 Green Bottles, The French Trip, as always Max starts and finishes off his performances with Sospan Fach.
LP cover signed by Max and dated (1999),
Ref: PL31-ware-mb76au - �25.00
LP - unsigned,
Ref: PL29-ware-mb76 - �10.00
"The Road and the Miles" EMI 1977, 12", 33rpm - This album saw a return to his folk singing roots for Max, the album contains 12 songs including 2 in the Welsh language. The album cover has been signed by Max and dated 1999 -
Ref: PL31-ware-mb77au - �20.00
"Not that I'm Biased", EMI 1979, 12" 33 rpm - recorded live in Cwmbran, this LP contains the following songs and stories, I think it's a spring onion, "one night in Oldham, When we walked to Merthyr Tydfil, Young Davy, Mae 'Nghariad in Fenws, El terrible, There but for Johnny Walters, I don't like cabbage, coats on the bed, how fast was Gerald Davies' Dad, Collier Lad, Ben Thomas and Mr Pocock,
Ref: PL31-ware-mb79 - �15.00
"Me and Billy Williams" EMI 1980, 12", 33 rpm - songs and stories on this album include: The Day We Lost to England, Paul Ringer's Song, Tarquin's Letter, Two Soldiers, Y Deryn Pur, Me and Billy Williams, Dowlais Top, Morgan and Rhys, The Oggie Song, Eli Jenkins's Prayer. The Album cover is signed by Max.
Ref: PL31-ware-mb80 - �25.00
Mervyn Davies - (38 caps, 1st cap v Scotland 1969, last cap v France 1976) - Mervyn Davies received 38 caps for Wales during the 1970s Golden Era. He was undoubtedly the best No 8 in the world at that time. He was a certainty to lead the 1977 Lions to New Zealand in 1977 but he suffered a brain haemorrhage while playing for Swansea during a cup semi-final at Cardiff which ended his career. An ever present in the tests during the 1971 & 1974 Lions tours, scoring 5 tries in the 1974 tour he wore a distinctive headband and was known as "Merve the Swerve".
Nothing available at present
Gareth Edwards - (53 caps, 1st cap v France 1967, last cap v France 1978) - Voted regularly as the "Greatest Player Ever" Edwards first made his debut as a 19 year old against France in 1967. He forged brilliant partnerships for Wales and the British Lions, firstly with Barry John then with Phil Bennett. He totalled 10 tests for the Lions and was ever present in the test series of the 1971 and 1974 tours. He also played in every game of the 1971, 1976 & 1978 Welsh Grand Slams. His final appearance was the 1978 Grand Slam decider against France in Cardiff where he dropped a goal. A brilliant all round sportsman he had a Welsh Trial at soccer, won the English Schools 200 yds hurdles title and has represented Wales at angling.
Ref: TC4-bkbiwa-ge2-xb - �12.00
Rugby World & Post Tribute to Gareth Edwards. - A double page colour poster titled "The Master" is accompanied by a 5 page article by Ian Wooldridge. The are also 2 pages of photos from Wales' Triple Triple Crown.
Ref: mgbr-rw78-04-xb - �8.00
Ieuan Evans - (72 caps, 1st cap v France 1987, last cap v Italy 1998) - Ieuan scored 33 tries for Wales in a glittering career that also saw him captain Wales to the last Five Nations Championship in 1994. he toured with the British Lions on three occasions, two of his finest moments are when he pounced on Campo's wild pass to score a crucial try in the 1989 3rd Test against Australia and when he out sprinted Rory Underwood to touch down for that great try against England in 1993.
A match programme for Ieuan Evan's testimonial game at Stradey Park in 1995. His British Isles XV took on an International Select XV including Jonah Lomu, Jason Little, Sean Fitzpatrick & Olivier Roumat. The programme is accompanied by a match ticket (the newspaper match report is not included)
Ref: DPR-wapygp2-evans.ieuan - �5.00
| i don't know |
Which London brewery merged with Bass in 1967 to form the largest brewery in the UK? | Brewery History: 120, pp. 2-19
Unique pub Co
2,600
In August 1999 Allied Domecq took control of the Korean distiller Jonro. Allied was vulnerable to takeover and rumours surfaced that French drink group Pernod- Ricard was interested. A year later Allied was still pursuing the Canadian distiller Seagram, which held the rights to Absolut Vodka and made Chivas Regal whiskey. By December 2000 Allied had dropped out of this takeover battle, as Diageo emerged as a rival bidder for Seagram. In February 2001 Allied had another, more successful, takeover skirmish, this for New Zealand winemaker Montana with brewer Lion Nathan. Allied then went on to buy Spanish winemaker Bodegas.
The chief executive Philip Bowman who replaced Tony Hales (following the bungled pub disposal) had set about a strategy for rebuilding the Allied group as a wine and spirits company with piecemeal acquisitions. In 2002 they launched alocopops in America with mixed success; although in 2003 the company profits improved. By this time, however, a crisis was developing in the company's pension fund provision. By 2005 Pernod-Ricard renewed its interest in a takeover of Allied Domecq, which with the competition and monopolies regulation would mean the break-up of the group. Also briefly interested in the takeover were rival American backed Constellation Brands, but it couldn't outbid Pernod who finally succeeded.
top
Bass
The company history can be traced back to 1777 when Bass Ale was first brewed. 5 The label's distinctive red triangle was the first UK registered trademark, and was painted by Manet in his Un bar aux Folies-Bergere. William Bass set up business under his own name in Burton-on- Trent and, under family ownership, it prospered in the 19th century and consolidated the brewing industry in the Midlands and north. In 1967 Bass merged with Charringtons in London. As well as being a brewer with considerable pub estates Bass also had interests in the leisure industry, having acquired Pontins holiday camps from Coral Leisure Group in 1980. Bass sold these for £55 million in 1987 and then bought 178 Holiday Inns to add to its 100-strong chain of Crest Hotels. Profits towards the end of the 1980s were strong.
Sales of its beers Carling Black Label, Tenants and Charringtons rose 2% in a weakening market. In August 1989 Bass acquired the 1,400 strong Holiday Inns chain in America for £1.3 billion making the company the world's biggest hotelier with 1,700 hotels that generated £200 million in profits.
The early 1990s saw a downturn in profits. In December 1990, its chief executive, Ian Prosser, commented on rises in the price of beer. He said, ‘People forget they are paying for the carpet, the curtains and the landlord's time. Beer pricing is a complex business. What we are actually selling in a pub is not a pint of beer, but a unit of leisure time.’ 6 In March 1991 a profits warning was issued along with a cash call for £558 million. It then announced it would sell 2,680 pubs to meet Government directives. In March 1991 18 pubs were sold to Leicesterbased Hoskins Brewery. In May Bass bought Granada's bingo halls for £147 million while it considered selling the 1341 Coral Racing betting shops. This, and job cuts by December 1991, helped bolster profits. By May 1993 profits were sinking again, a knock-on effect of worldwide recession following the first Gulf War. In August 1993 Bass sold 44 pubs mainly within the M25 area to Greene King for £17.5 million.
Britain’s New Beerage (1996) 7
Market share
Multiple pub operators
29%
In April 1996 Bass began talks with Carlsberg-Tetley for Allied's £500 million share, following the Allied brewery closures. If the takeover had succeeded it would have given Bass a 40% stake in the beer market. That was more than certain to attract inquiries by the Monopolies Commission. The talks soon became tense even though in July Bass and Allied Domecq announced a £200 million deal was imminent. If the planned merger had succeeded it would have created two super brewers, Bass and Scottish- Courage, with Whitbread trailing in third place with only 14% of the beer market.
Even without the intervention of the Monopolies Commission, such a large deal where Bass was taking over Allied Domecq's share of Tetley-Carlsberg was complex. It would involve over 100 separate documents. Bass had agreed to pay £200 million whilst Danish partner Carlsberg would take 20% of the enlarged brewing arm of Bass. In August 1996 this was how the two companies compared: 8
Bass
Carling Black Label Tennants Caffreys Worthington Bitter Hoopers Hooch
Tetley’s Carlsberg Castlemain XXXX Skol
By March 1997, there was speculation that the merger was running into trouble due to stringent conditions being imposed by the Monopolies & Mergers Commission. Labour's landslide victory in the May General Election further undermined the deal. The new Government threatened to take a tougher line on takeovers and mergers along with a robust competition policy. From this time it was speculated that Bass would be forced into shedding 2,000 pubs and some of its regional beer brands. It was anticipated that there would be 2,000 jobs affected at Carlsberg's Burton-on- Trent Brewery. Labour had gained this constituency, which would affect Margaret Beckett's decision. By September 1997 she had barred the merger.
It is likely that this failed merger left a bitter taste with Bass as it subsequently backed Punch Taverns’ hostile bid for Allied Domecq's pub estate in June 1999. Bass provided Punch with £1 billion for it to be able to cherry-pick up to 700 pubs from Allied's managed estate. By February 2000 Bass had decided to quit the brewing business. A number of other brewing companies took an interest in this valuable offer; as Britain's then second largest brewer was valued at £1.8 billion and had a 25% share of the market. The interested parties included Dutch brewer Heineken, Carlsberg, and South African Breweries (SAB). By June 2000, Bass agreed a sale of its brewing division for £2.3 billion to Belgium rival Interbrew. With the sale went the Bass name and red triangle trademark.
The deal though, like the failed attempt with Carlsberg, was fraught with difficulties. Brussels agreed the UK probe in to the Bass deal and its referral to the European Commission. Following this, in January 2001 Belgium's economy minister, Charles Picque, challenged the Trade Secretary, Stephen Byers, to justify why the UK tried to block Interbrew's £2.3 billion acquisition of Bass. In February the matter was taken to the courts. In the interim Interbrew could retain Bass Brewers until a ruling on the enforced sale of the brewing interests. Interbrew wanted some freedom of choice over how it could make the disposals. In May the High Court overturned the Government ruling.
With the brewing division of Bass having been sold the company went through a transition phase being known as 'Six Continents'. Chairman Sir Ian Prosser eased back on his role in the company and promoted Tim Clarke who had run the pubs and restaurants division, to Chief Executive in October 2000. The company then focused on hotel acquisitions, although the outlook for pubs was less certain. By September 2002 'Six Continents' announced a de-merger into two companies, ‘InterContinental Hotels’ and ‘Mitchells & Butler’. Tim Clarke went to head the pub group while finance director Richard North headed the hotel group. A deal to merge Bass pubs with those of Scottish & Newcastle had been mooted earlier in the year but had failed. InterContinental Hotels sold off a number of properties to return capital to shareholders as a move into managing hotels by leasing them back was made.
For the pub group ‘Mitchells & Butler’ 9 the name was derived from a Bass ancestor company. Mitchells & Butler was formed by the merger of two Midland's family businesses both owning breweries and pub estates. The pub estate was expanded through mergers and other acquisitions. The important merger occured in 1961 with Bass, Ratcliffe and Gretton Ltd to form Bass, Mitchells & Butler. Then in 1967 came the merger with Charrington United, which then became Bass Plc. Mitchells & Butler's leading retail pub brands include Vintage Inns, Ember Inns, Toby Carvery, O'Neil's, All Bar One and Scream. The 2,000 properties are the pick of former Bass and Allied Domecq estates.
top
Courage
The founder of this company was John Courage born in 1761, who began brewing in 1787. From his five grandsons were produced five family branches of Courage; Robert, Edward, Alfred, Frank and Henry were born between 1830 and 1840. 10 By the 1980s the Courage Company was a subsidiary owned by the Hanson Trust and, in September 1986, it was sold to Australian Fosters lager group Elders IXL for £1,400 million. The deal included the Courage and John Smith breweries with 5,000+ pubs, the wine & spirit wholesaler Sacconerd Speed and the 386 branded off-licenses Roberts and Coopers.
The Elders management caused a shake-up in the pub estate by turning 900 managed pubs in to tenanted properties - by paying between £10,000 and £20,000 managers were expected to become selfemployed tenants. Rumours then circulated that Elders would float the pub estate as a separate company. Even without this, tough business practices were imposed. Those publicans taking on trial tenancies for 4 months risked their livelihoods if they failed to meet sales targets imposed by Elders. There weren't too many managers prepared to do this. A proposed float of a pub company failed. In September 1987 John Elliot, the Elders boss, announced Courage pubs would be sold without the breweries that supplied them, making the Courage Pub Co purely a property investment. However, the sale though of the 5,000 pubs by Elders was postponed due to the Stock Market crash in October 1987.
In February 1988, Elders leased 100 pubs to Trust House Forte for them to be turned into restaurants. A few months later in May Elders third attempt at the pub sale succeeded and netted them £1.3 billion. A new company 'Courage Pub Company' was set up as a joint venture between Elders and Hudson Conway in which Elders had a 33.3% equity stake. By November 1989 Elders, like the troubled Bond Corporation and other Australian groups, were facing high interest rates on huge borrowings; on rumours that Elders was debt-strapped, the Courage brewer would be sold. However, Elders hung on.
By February 1993, profits at Courage were looking flat as beer sales dropped. Since buying Grand Met's breweries and putting its pubs in to a joint venture with the same company, Courage had cut jobs. It had also to make a £9 million contribution to the pension fund. In October 1993 beer sales had continued to slide. Courage then planned to spend £25 million on a 12-month advertising campaign, undertook an extensive review of its operations and shed 700 pubs. Managing Director Nick Bunyon said, ‘The UK brewing industry has become increasingly volatile and competitive due to the cumulative effect of falling beer consumption, increased excise duty and imports’. 11
In November 1994 it was announced that Courage was to make a new pub deal with Grand Met, as Foster's brewer was expected to sell the Courage beer business. By February 1995 the bidders for Courage were thought to be either S & N or Whitbread. Courage still had five breweries, the UK rights to leading brands like Fosters, Holstein and Kronenbourg as well as its own beers, John Smith and Courage. It had a half stake with Grand Met in Inntrepreneur Estates that owned 4,300 pubs. Around this time it was announced that the Office of Fair Trading would hold another inquiry in to the UK brewing industry.
In May 1995, S & N took over Courage from Fosters for £473 million. This would give S & N a market share of 25% just ahead of then current leader Bass. Up to 2,300 redundancies were expected among employees of the nine breweries, 40 depots and 8 regional HQs, as not all this capacity was needed. Even though this deal was referred to the Monopolies Commission it was given the green light. Courage has since remained a subsidiary of S & N.
top
Grand Metropolitan
One of the ancestor companies was the Distillers Company Ltd a combination of six lowland grain whiskey distillers formed in 1749; another was the Guiness brewery in Dublin, which also dates from this time. In 1851, Maxwell Joseph established the hotel business that would later become Grand Met. A number of other companies that were acquired by Grand Met were developing in the 19th century in the UK and USA, like Pillsbury, Burger King and Green Giant Company. After the scandalous acquisition of United Distillers by Guinness, Grand Met and Guinness were merged to form Diageo in 1991. 12
Grand Met's UK brewery was Watney Mann in Mortlake (formerly Watney Combe Reid), and in the 1980s held a licence to brew Foster's lager. By 1986, when Elders were purchasing Courage, Grand Met were very reluctant to relinquish their 10-year license without compensation to the tune of £250 million. However in October 1986 Grand Met put up for sale Watney's, Truman, Manns, Chef & Brewer, Open House, Samuel Webster, Wilson's Norwich, Phoenix, Ushers, International Hotels and Express Dairies; Chef & Brewer was bought by S & N (in 1993); Samson Group purchased InterContinental Hotels. By 1987 Elliot had failed to buy out the Foster's license and it was agreed to sell Fosters in both Courage and Watney Mann outlets; with this deal Grand Met acquired Courage's Robert Copper off-license and the wine and spirit group Salcone & Speed.
In February 1988 it was confirmed that Grand Met was disposing of 701 pubs for £80 million; 386 in London, the Home Counties and East Anglia were bought by Brent Walker; 210 pubs in the north and Midlands went to Heron International (privately owned by Gerald Ronson) and 105 pubs in the South East went to Gibbs Mew. Of these 80 tenanted landlords questioned the legality of the disposal claiming they should have been given first refusal for the individual properties purchase. Grand Met replied that the size and speed of the sale meant it could not follow the order of events laid down in the code. It had ensured that Brent Walker and Heron would honour the obligation to offer tenants the right to surrender their tenancy. 13 Discontent amongst the publicans continued to rumble on.
In October 1989 preparations to sell the Watney Mann brewery interests were underway. Valued at £600 million, the brands included three foreign lagers, Foster's, Carlsberg and Germany's Holstein Export. By then beer only accounted for 4% of Grand Met's profits. In March 1990 Elders were ready to toast a tie up of pubs for breweries swap with Grand Met. In the deal Elders would change its name to Fosters, they would acquire the brewing interests of Grand Met for £400 million. In return Grand Met would transform in to a pub and restaurant business by taking the Courage pubs creating a 9,000 strong-tied pub empire. Yet the talks to complete the deal took at least a year. The new pub company was referred to as Inntrepreneur.
The tenants of the pub estate at Grand Met's Inntrepreneur discontent at high rents saw expression at the 1993 AGM in February with a picket protest. More than 4,700 pubs had taken Inntrepreneur leases since the scheme began in 1989. Rental agreements were negotiated with leaseholders and only 7% had gone out of business in the previous two years as compared with 15 - 20% a year under the old tenancy system. Problems continued for Grand Met with the pub estate into 1994.
In September 1993 Grand Met had sold its 1,654 Chef & Brewer pubs to Scottish & Newcastle. The remaining 6,000 pubs it considered selling in the long term. Losses though at Inntrepreneur Inns and publican discontent weren't conducive to an idea to float the pub estate as a separate company. By November 1994 Grand Met announced it would re-jig the pub business. Chairman Lord Sheppard said, ‘The last four years have been very difficult for the beer trade because of the government orders. They coincided with recession, especially in the property business which did not help.’ 14
As Grand Met had merged with Guinness to form Diageo it had created a faceless combine. Described by journalist Kirstre Hamilton, ‘A Diageo is a small furry rodent, more friendly than a rat but less sociable than a squirrel’. 15 With a change of Chairman and Chief Executive in 2000 Diageo went through a shake-up in which its food division was sold off. 16
John McGrath, who retired at the end of 2000, said Diageo would combine its UDV spirits and wine arm with Guinness brewing division and sell Pillsbury (maker of Haagen-Dazs) and Old El Paso Mexican meals to US rival General Mills for roughly £7 billion.
In December 2000 Diageo entered the fray with Pernod-Ricard for the Canadian drinks firm Seagram in a £5.5 billion deal. It was concluded by May 2001 having been cleared by Brussels. The future of the off-license chain 'Oddbins' which Seagram used as a showcase for its brands was uncertain to survive, as neither Diageo nor Pernod wanted it. By July reshaping Diageo continued as non-core business was disposed of, with America's General Mills buying Pillsbury Foods for £3.5 billion. Gallana, the children's media group wanted to buy Diageo's 'Guinness Book of Records' for £40 million. Also for sale was the luxury Gleneagles Hotel, which had been bought by Guinness in 1986. During 2001 though, profits started to slide and by 2002 due to the falling stock market the company's £3.2 billion pension funds had a £342 million deficit when it had previously had a surplus of £500 million. Conditions remained uncertain through 2003 and 2004.
Before
*
around 42,000 would transfer to Burger King and General Mills
By December 2004 Diageo had added Acacia and Jude Mountain wines to its top sellers. It paid £133 million for the Chalone Wine Group to gain ownership of a third vineyard in California's Nappa Valley; its' other two Nappa Valley vineyards being Beaulieu and Sterling. With Allied Domecq running in to takeover by Pernod problems, Diageo expressed its interest in acquiring certain Allied brands. It sided with Pernod-Ricard as Constellation Brands entered the fray in early summer 2005.
top
Scottish & Newcastle
The company known as Scottish & Newcastle was established in 1960; William Younger formed the Edinburgh side of the business in 1749. Then in Gateshead in 1770 John Barras, with his partner William Johnston, started brewing. In 1803 William Younger II acquired the Abbey brewhouse whose history was believed to date back to 1200 when monks started brewing at Holyrood. Then in 1856 William McEwan established the Fountain Brewery at Fountainbridge. In 1884 John Barras took over the Tyne Brewery and in 1890 the Newcastle Breweries were launched. Scottish Breweries were formed in 1931. Scottish & Newcastle has grown in to one of Europe's largest brewers with strong market positions in 13 European countries. 17
In 1986, S & N were interested in acquiring Courage, but were piped to the post by Australian Fosters brewer Elders, making itself vulnerable to takeover. In 1987 S & N succeeded in purchasing Home Brewery of Matthew Brown in Lancashire as a defence. S & N owned Thistle Hotels group, but also built stakes in two other hotel groups, Stakis and Norfolk Capital. With the Home Brewery acquisition came a tied estate of 450 pubs. However, antipodean interest in S & N continued, with John Elliot (Fosters) and Alan Bond (Castlemain XXXX) acquiring up to 5% stakes of shares. New Zealander Ron Brierly also had a 5% stake but was thought unlikely to bid since he was an investor with interests in 60 companies. The American Anheuser- Busch had a 2% stake. In 1988 S & N's position was strengthening as profits improved and it acquired Theakston in Yorkshire. Shares continued to be bought by Elders. By August 1988 their stake had risen to 9.3%. A takeover bid looked serious.
This was opposed by S & N workers in Edinburgh who were supported by the Scottish National Party. Another line of defence taken by S & N was to purchase the 30,000-bed Pontins holiday camp business in a £200 million deal. In January 1989 S & N boss Sir Alick Rankin requested that Lord Young order an investigation in to the purchase of S & N shares by the Australian brewing group Elders. A near 10% holding had been purchased in just one morning taking their stake to 24%. The S & N share price rose as dealers expected the Government to wave through a takeover bid. In February 1989 S & N took 20 City brokers on a two-day trip to their Edinburgh brewery, Theakstons in Yorkshire and Home Brewery in Nottingham. By March though the Monopolies & Mergers Commission blocked Elders £1.6 billion bid for S & N and immediately the company's share price dropped.
Having successfully fought off the Australian's hostile bid chief executive Alick Rankin then acquired a 65% stake in Dutch leisure park group Centre Parks that fitted well with its Pontins interest. S & N needed to grow bigger to remain independent. In 1990 S & N disposed of its Thistle Hotel group and some 300 pubs to reduce the group total. Profits rose 33%. In 1991 S & N linked up with Coors, America's third biggest brewer, to produce 'Extra Gold' lager in Britain. It already made 'Beck's' lager under license alongside its own McEwan's and Kestrel lagers. Profits remained buoyant in the ensuing economic depression.
In September 1993 S & N purchased Grand Met's 1,656 Chef & Brewer estate in a part cash, part debentures deal of £708 million. Three quarters of S & N existing estate were in Scotland and the North of England. In 1995 S & N went ahead with the purchase of Courage, which was not opposed by the Monopolies & Mergers Commission. The £425 million deal was dependent on S & N selling just 115 of its 2,739 pubs and that Courage released its exclusive supply agreement with 1,000 of its Inntrepreneur Estate outlets. However it was expected that out of 9,000 jobs, 2,300 would be lost.
The job cuts resulted from S & N's decision to close two beer productions, one at Nottingham, and the other at Halifax; also closed were 13 of the 41 distribution depots. Future production would be concentrated at S & N's seven other breweries, which were located in Edinburgh, Newcastle, Tadcaster and Masham in North Yorkshire, Manchester, Bristol and Reading. The closed Halifax brewery, acquired through the Courage takeover, had been built in 1938 by Samuel Webster & Sons.
By December 1999 S & N put 700 of its pubs up for sale as the group had to sell the outlets to comply with the Beer Orders, following its £1.1 billion purchase of Greenalls in September. By March 2000 S & N began concentrating more on its beer production, its core brands being Courage, John Smith's and Newcastle Brown. It then acquired Danone's interest in the French Kronenbourg larger in a three-year deal. With this they obtained a 24% holding in Italy's Birra Peroni. At the same time there was a planned disposal of its Centre Parks and Pontins holiday business. By August 2000 S & N moved on to buy a 49% stake in Portugal's second biggest brewer Central di Carvjas that made the brand Segres.
In January 2001 S & N announced it planned to dispose of some 920 managed pubs, of which at least 180 would be pub leases. S & N then had a pub estate of 2,400, but it coincided with Whitbread selling its tied estate. S & N planned to concentrate on the quality end of its pub estate, quitting the themed restaurants and the two and three star hotels to focus on Chef & Brewer and budget hotels.
While S & N's rivals Bass and Whitbread were pulling out of brewing altogether S & N continued to expand with acquisitions and tie-ups with other brewers. In September 2001 S & N formed an alliance with America's Miller brewing to move in to Europe. S & N already distributed Miller Pilsner in Britain and Miller Genuine draft in Britain and Ireland. S & N then commanded about a quarter of the British beer market.
S & N’s expansion in February 2002 gained it the family controlled Finnish drinks group Hartwell for an agreed £1.2 billion cash and shares purchase. This brought a 50% stake in Russia's biggest beer business BBH co-owned with Carlsberg. This gave S & N two of the four best selling beers in Europe and three of the top ten. It still retained nearly 1,500 pubs. By June 2002, 1,000 of these would be sold to raise £1.5 billion. These included 11 of its 41 Old Orleans chains of pub restaurants, premises in London's Covent Garden and Quincy's pub in Leeds. The money raised was needed for acquisitions, although S & N carried debts of £3.15 billion against a market value of £46 billion. Along with this S & N set about changing its distribution system by replacing 40 depots with three newly built regional depots.
By April 2003, as the pubs were sold off S & N acquired HP Bulmer the cider maker for £278 million. The pubs being sold were 'Chef & Brewer', 'John Barras', 'T & J Barnard', 'Pint & Parrot' and Premier Lodge. S & N at this time also revealed it had a pension fund deficit of £470 million. Through 2003 several bidders for the pub estate lined up for the race to gain it. These included Laurel Pub Co, Mitchells & Butler (demerged from Bass), Pubmaster, Enterprise Inns, Unique and Punch Taverns. The successful bidder was eventually Spirit Group headed by Chief Executive Karen Jones; she'd previously built up the Café Rouge restaurant chain that was sold off by Whitbread (later 220 of the pubs were sold on to a property tycoon).
Having disposed of its pub estate, the company had some difficulties as rumours surfaced in January 2004 that S & N would be on the receiving end of a hostile bid. Even so S & N had plans to expand its beer markets in India and China. As a response though to cut costs it was possible at least one of S & N's UK breweries would be closed; this was likely to be either the Edinburgh or Newcastle plants. Each had a workforce of 200 and were symbolic of the company's identity. The volume of beer they produced was half that of either the John Smith plant at Tadcaster or the Royal Brewery in Manchester. The largest brewery of the group was the former Courage plant at Reading. 18
With the purchase of Northern Clubs Federation Brewery for £7.2 million in April 2004 S & N closed its Newcastle plant and moved brewing operations across the Tyne to Gateshead. The changes in S & N core business activities was brought about in a relatively short space of time, once Sir Alick Rankin had been replaced by the Australian Tony Froggatt early in 2003 and S & N has become Britain's premier independent brewer.
top
Whitbread
The company's origins begin in August 1720 with the birth of Samuel Whitbread at Cardington near Bedford. In 1734 Samuel arrived in London to study ‘the great mystery of brewing’. Two years later he began his apprenticeship at Wightman's Gilport Street Brewery in Clerkenwell. After six years he set up his own operation at the Goat Brewhouse on the corner of Old Street and Whitecross Street. In 1750 he moved the business to nearby Chiswell Street, which became the site of the world's first purpose built mass production brewery. It became famous for its Porter (so named for its popularity with workers in London's markets). Following Samuel's death in 1796 the brewery went into decline that was reversed in 1812 by amalgamation with John Martineau's Lambeth Brewery. 19
In the 1980s Whitbread was expanding its beers and spirits as well as its restaurant chains. In August 1987 Whitbread spent £6.3 million on 'Keg', Canada's largest steak and seafood chain with 75 restaurants. The following month they made a bid for the Beefeater gin group James Burrough for £174.5 million. In November 1987 it was announced that brewery profits were boosted by Whitbread's 'Heineken' and 'Stella Artois'. Chairman Sam Whitbread said profits had risen from £79.8 million to £93.3 million in the half-year to August. 20
Whitbread was the third largest of the Big Six brewers. In to 1988 it continued with expansion plans. It put in to operation a plan to revamp a number of pubs and create trendy café style premises with Continental names like Café Noir, Berliners and Beethoven's. It boosted its off-license chain to 1,000 with the purchase of Gough Brothers for £10 million. Expansion of the hotel chain was planned which then consisted of 35 coaching inns, 3 Beefeater travel inns and 6 Country Club Hotels. It had a pub estate of 6,500 properties. By May 1989 with 600 restaurants in six counties, the Beefeater and Pizza Hut being UK market leaders. This brought interest from Lord Young and the Monopolies Commission.
In October 1989 the group's Long John and Beefeater brands, along with its UK distribution business, were put up for sale. Whitbread had decided that its spirits business was too small to compete with international giants such as Seagrams, IDV and Hiram Walker. However, it went on to buy Manchester's Boddingtons brewing interests for £51 million. The Beefeater Gin and Long John Whiskey were sold in December 1989 to Allied Lyons for £545 million, which helped ease company debts. Yet in November 1991 the recession caused debts to catch up with Whitbread as profits fell for the first time in 16 years.
In September 1992 the company introduced its Whitbread Pub Partnership with many of the features of a franchise for 2,300 properties. The pubs were let on 20-year leases to ambitious individuals and were designed for long-term security. However, the leases could be sold after three years realizing full market value to the business so that publicans weren't locked in to a lease. Whitbread also had 275 Beefeater restaurants, 285 Pizza Hut and 11 TGI Friday's American bistros.
In June 1993 Whitbread bought a 14% share of Michael Cannoni Inn Leisure. The following year it sold off it's holding of Morland shares and Greene King shares, though it retained smaller stakes in companies like the cider maker Bulmer, the family run Breakspear brewer, and Hampshire-based brewer Gales. However, by 1997 Whitbread had decided to quit brewing altogether. The brewing business had become dependant on licenses rather than brands. Whitbread had missed out on buying Courage, which had been snapped up by S & N. The new managing director, David Thomas, had decided the firm should concentrate on its leisure business such as David Lloyd, the Café Rouge restaurant chain and Pizza Hut franchises. By April 1998 the Castle Eden and Cheltenham breweries were up for sale with plans to stop production at both sites in October. Castle Eden, in Sedgefield, produced mainly cask ale brands such as Best Scotch and Fuggle's Imperial. The production of its brands would be switched to the Manchester brewery where Boddingtons was made. The group's other breweries would take Cheltenham's output of Flowers and IPA beers.
During 1999 Whitbread became embroiled in the Allied Domecq pub sale. A cash and shares deal had been put together to purchase Allied's pub estate. It would have given Whitbread 100% control of the Thresher/Victoria wine business. It soon became a bidding war as Punch Taverns entered the fray. The deal was then referred to the Monopolies Commission by Trade Secretary Stephen Byers. Following on in July Whitbread withdrew its bid. Whitbread then started a restructuring process to streamline its activities. All the restaurants, Beefeater, Brewer's Fayre, Pizza Hut, Café Rouge and TGI Fridays were brought together under director Bill Sharm. A new pubs and bars division was created for the 2,900 outlets, which included Hogshead, Case and Dome as well as unbranded pubs. In November 1999 Whitbread purchased the hotel and pub company Swallow Group for £578 million to add to its 35-strong Marriott Hotel chain.
By January 2000 Whitbread announced it was quitting its 250-year old headquarters in Chiswell Street to move to a new City office building. The brewing business would be retained even though it only accounted for 9% of sales, along with the banqueting and conference facilities. The rest would be converted to luxury apartments run by Marriott Hotels. However by April chief executive David Thomas decided to call time on the company's brewing arm. This did not lift fortunes at Whitbread and in October it was decided to sell the remaining 3,000 pubs. By now there was no longer a Whitbread family member at the top, although the family remained a large shareholder. It was the closing of a chapter on an illustrious business. The brewery at Chiswell Street, London had had steam engines installed by James Smeats. In 1758 Samuel Whitbread had overtaken Ben Truman as the biggest brewer in the booming London market. He went on the become MP for his home town of Bedford, making him a pioneer in another sense forging uneasy links between brewing and politics. His son Samuel II was not the brightest; the company had then a state-of-theart brewery and 650 pubs. The business would have disintegrated but for the 'clerk' Robert Sangster. In 1948 Colonel Bill Whitbread realised the beer business was changing. He took large minority stakes in companies such as Flowers and Morlands, promising to protect their independence. However, by the 1960s Whitbread had joined the takeover game, and by 1971 it was one of the 'Big Six', which controlled 80% of all beer sales in Britain. 21
Later in 2000, Whitbread also decided to sell its 140 Café Rouge French style café chain, to revamp the 258 Beefeater restaurants, and to expand the Costa Café chain. Interest had been shown in the pubs, but it was then planned to float the pub group as a separate company. By January 2001 Whitbread felt the knockon effect of the Bass Brewers sale to Interbrew. Whitbread's breweries had produced such brands as Heineken, Stella and Boddingtons, which went to Interbrew. Had Stephen Byers not vetoed this deal Whitbread would have received an extra £50 million on top of the £400 million in purchase of its breweries as Interbrew could have made savings on its Bass purchase.
Whitbread continued to have a troubled year as it tried to dispose of its pubs. The company faced a revolt by the tenants who believed they should have been given the right to buy their premises. In March a deal was almost complete with finance house Morgan Grenfell Private Equity to buy the 3,000 pubs for £1,625 billion. Tenants of 1,700 properties though planned to take action. The boss of Punch Taverns, Hugh Osmond, which owned 5,150 pubs, was also seen as likely to mount a challenge. Osmond's one-time partner Luke Johnston had been recruited by Morgan Grenfell to head the group, Laurel Pubs Co. However, at the Whitbread AGM on 21 April 2001 chief executive David Thomas won shareholder support. A fortnight later he stated that the company, following the disposal of its pubs and beer interests, would go forward in three parts. 22
restaurants which have the brands Costa, Beefeater and Pizza Hut
hotels, chiefly Marriott and Travel Inn; and
sports in the form of David Lloyd Leisure Clubs
Profits looked good for a while from the hotels and leisure clubs. The restaurants were less successful; Whitbread decided to sell off 34 Brewer's Fayre. That was followed by the 72- wine bar chain Café Rouge as it had failed to meet its financial targets.
Hotels were later affected post September 11th as people cut back on traveling. In 1996 Whitbread had paid £133 million for the 100-strong Pelican restaurants. They were then sold at a loss to ECI for £25 million. However they went on to hold talks with Compass the caterer for its sale of the Travel Lodge Hotel chain and Little Chef restaurants, for around £750 million. The transition from brewer and pub owner in to new hospitality activities of hotels, restaurants and the David Lloyd Leisure Clubs had been profitable for Whitbread.
top
The ‘Big Six’ Today
Of the 'Big Six' today only Scottish & Newcastle is a business that continues to brew beer; with globalization it has expanded in to Russia and Asia. The rest, apart from Whitbread, have completely changed identity and all have moved out of brewing. Courage though from being gobbled up by Hanson has been absorbed by S & N. Yet it did comply with legislation and sold its pubs. Allied, Grand Met and Whitbread each separately sold their breweries, then their pub estates. Whitbread's became Laurel Pubs. Grand Met, now Diageo, still retains ownership of the Dublin-based brewery Guinness. Bass sold its brewing interests to Belgium Interbrew. It retained its pub estate and split itself after going through a brief phase of being known as 'Six Continents', in to InterContinental Hotels and Mitchells & Butler.
With Bass and Whitbread's brewing interests going to Interbrew, the Belgian firm became the world's second largest brewer. Prior to 2000 it had been a private company with a profile lower than that of its brands, Stella Artois and Labett, however it did date back to the 14th century. Indian born Hugo Powell was appointed its chief executive and in December 2000 took a huge gamble in floating Interbrew on the London Stock Market while the takeover of Bass was still being investigated. In January 2001 the Belgium government came to Interbrew's defence and accused Stephen Byers of foul play. It was stated then, that ‘over-regulation has been a big feature of the British beer industry’. 23 However, in May 2001 the Government's decision was overturned in the High Court, although it meant that Interbrew needed to sell the Carling brand. This was eventually sold to America's third largest brewer, Coors, for £1.2 billion. In March 2004 Interbrew became a global leader in brewing when it merged with AmBev, Brazil's largest brewer to create InBev.
With the Government revoking the Beer Orders24 in 2002 it has not stopped interfering with the Beer Industry. Large pub companies have now replaced the tied estates of the former 'Big Six' brewers. Has it created more choice for the consumer? The matter is debatable. The pub companies have done little to protect pub heritage. During the 1990s the old familiar traditional pub names started to be lost, replaced with such names as ‘One Eyed Rat’, ‘Slug & Lettuce’ and ‘Slurping Toad’, all very much elements of a less attractive urban environment. The effect of Government's latest changes to licensing regulation has yet to be felt. Has it all been an ill-wind of change? Maybe more time to reflect on it is needed. Evolution, after all, is a process that is unceasing.
| charrington |
Competitors from which country won 11 Gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics, second only to Russia with 13? | Charrington United Breweries Ltd Deep Round Tin - All Trays - Brewery Trays
Charrington United Breweries Ltd Deep Round Tin
Charrington United Breweries Ltd tin tray dating from the 1960's.
The Anchor Brewery was based on the Mile End Road E1, Greater London.
Any copper, brass or enamel trays
Any black backed steel trays
Any trays from makers such as B.A.T. Co. Ltd, Corfield or Causton
Any breweriana from Thomas Salt & Co. Ltd
Product Tags
Details
Charrington United Breweries Ltd tin tray dating from the 1960's. Charrington & Co Ltd's Anchor Brewery merged with Bass, Mitchells & Butlers Ltd in 1967 to form Bass Charrington Ltd. The brewery closed in 1975. The manufacturer's mark states - Printed in Great Britain by Reginald Corfield Ltd 0069
Additional Information
Reginald Corfield Ltd (Lombard Road)
Tray Material
Use spaces to separate tags. Use single quotes (') for phrases.
Write Your Own Review
You're reviewing: Charrington United Breweries Ltd Deep Round Tin
*Nickname
Submit Review
About The Collection
Welcome to my "encyclopedia of British brewery & cider trays" or "waiter trays" to use their proper title.
It has taken me over one & a half years to create this site which is the result of over 30 years collecting.
What you will experience is a century, 1870's-1960's, of over 1000 trays.
The site is an attempt to create a base line on which more knowledge of the subject can be built and also one which may uncover more hidden gems!
Please enjoy.
| i don't know |
The Aran Islands lie at the mouth of which Irish Bay? | The Aran Islands at the mouth of Galway Bay
Galway Bay
The Aran Islands at the mouth of Galway Bay
There are three islands that protect the entrance to Galway Bay and they are steeped in history: Inis Mór (Big island), Inis Meáin (Middle island) and Inis Oírr (East island). These magical Aran Islands may well contain the most important ruins in all of Ireland, and even all of Europe. On the cliff tops, ancient forts such as Dún Aonghasa (Dún Aengus) on Inishmór, now a World Heritage site and Dún Chonchúir on Inishmaan are among the oldest archaeological remains in Ireland. Dún Dúchatair (Black Fort), Dún Eoghanachta, and Dún Eochla are similar prehistoric sites on Inishmore. The islands are predominantly Irish speaking and part of the Gaeltacht.
History, Geology and Climate
The islands' geology is mainly karst limestone and is thus closely related to The Burren in Co. Clare, not the granites of Connemara. The limestones formed as sediments in a tropical sea approximately 350 million years ago and compressed into horizontal strata with fossil corals, crinoids, sea urchins and ammonites. These formations were scraped clean later by glaciers that covered the islands. As a result, the Aran islands are one of the finest examples of a glacio-karst landscape in the world and any karstification now seen dates from approximately 11,000 years ago. Rain cuts ridges into the karst, creating large paving squares around which exotic flowers cling to the crevices around them. Huge boulders on top of the 25 meter (80 ft) west facing cliffs were deposited there by the receding glaciers, but others are thought to have been cast there by giant waves that occur on average once per century, so violent is the interaction of these islands with the Atlantic.
The islands have an unusually temperate climate. Average air temperatures range from 6°C in January to 15°C in July. In 2010, a prolonged period of snow was recorded, the first in living memory. The soil temperature does not usually drop below 6°C, the temperature at which grass will grow. The Aran Islands thus have one of the longest growing seasons in Ireland or Britain, and supports diverse and rich plant growth. Like the Burren, the Aran Islands are renowned for their remarkable assemblage of plants, supporting arctic, Mediterranean and alpine plants side-by-side. Late May is the sunniest time and also usually the best time to view flowers, with the gentians and avens peaking, but orchid species blooming later.
The islands are the home of the Aran sweater (or jumper as sweaters are called here), which has gained worldwide appeal during the course of the 20th century. Aran knitting is often falsely associated with the Scottish Isle of Arran. Ancient stone walls (1,600 km or 1,000 mi in all) in intricate patterns much like the Aran knits enfold all three islands to contain local livestock.
Many Irish saints had some connection with the Aran Islands. St. Brendan was blessed for his voyage there; Jarlath of Tuam, Finnian of Clonard, and St. Columba called it the "Sun of the West." Enda of Aran founded the first true Irish Monastery near Killeany (Cill Éinne or Church of Enda). In time there were a dozen monasteries on Inishmór alone. Also found are early clocháns (dry-stone beehive huts from the early-Christian period).
The islands were first populated in larger numbers at the time of Cromwell’s conquest of Ireland in the mid-17th century, when the Catholic population of Ireland had the choice of going "to hell or to Connacht". Many fled to the islands off the west coast where they adapted themselves to the raw climate, developing a survival system of total self-sufficiency.
They mixed layers of sand and seaweed on top of the limestone to create fertile soil in which to grow potatoes and other vegetables. The same seaweed method also provided grazing grass within stone-wall enclosures for cattle and sheep, which in turn provided wool and yarn to make handwoven clothing and hide shoes. The islanders also built their thatched cottages and unique boats for fishing from the materials available. The construction of the walls around the fields also produces a unique landscape in which the walls of each field form a distinct pattern created from the ancient limestone impregnated with the fossils of a prehistoric age.
Isolated from the mainland and indeed the rest of the world until recently, the Aran islands were host to a number of literary figures who recorded their experience there, including Lady Gregory, Sean Keating, Robert J. Flaherty and John Millington Synge. Today, the Aran Islands are all inhabited. They lie within the Gaeltacht, or Irish speaking region of Galway County. As a result, many of the signs are in Irish, though more often now than not, they are also in English. Tourism is now the main source of revenue, with the majority of visitors coming to the largest of the islands, Inishmore.
County Galway has one of the most extensive Gaeltacht regions where Irish is spoken as the primary language and all the signs are written in Gaelic. It can be interesting to find your way when the signs on the road don’t match the names on the map. Biking is the way to go along rural roads that have changed only minimally in centuries. The cottages are still white washed and thatched, and the stone walls are spectacular. The style of stone work is particular to those islands; just like the patterns knit into sweaters is unique to each locale.
Usefull Links
| Galway |
In which country was Natalie Bennett, the Leader of the Green Party in England and Wales born? | Aran Islands. Board the Doolin Ferry to Inisheer, Inishmaan, Inishmore. Doolin Ferries
Photos by Karin Funke Photography
The Aran Islands are situated across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland – about 30 miles from Galway City, and six miles from the nearest point in either Co. Clare or Connemara.
There are three islands plus a handful of small, uninhabited islands to the west. Each one of them have individual and unique feature. The smallest and closest one to Doolin is Inisheer/Inis Oírr.
Inisheer & the Cliffs of Moher in the background
The next one is Inishmaan/Inish Meain, the Middle Island. Inishmore/Inis Mór means big island which can be explored in a day, but would warrant a longer stay to really enjoyand experience its many outstanding and unique sites.
When you visit the Aran Islands you enter one of the last outposts of Gaelic civilisation where Irish is still the spoken everyday language of its inhabitants. The stunningly beautiful islands surpise visitors with high seacliffs, incredible rugged landscapes, ancient forts and other relics of pre-history
abound.
Geologically speaking, the islands are a part of the Burren, County Clare’s famous limestone region though politically they belong to County Galway. The limestone pavement is evident everywhere on the islands, and with it the unusual flora. This mix of Mediterranean, Arctic and Alpine plants grow in close proximity of each other which is something that is unique to the Burren and the Aran Islands.
Orchids, gentians, saxifrage, bloody cranesbill and many more plants can be found here which makes the islands a paradise for botanists. Notable insects present include the Pearl-bordered Fritillary, Brown Hairstreak, the rare Marsh Fritillary and the Wood White; the moths living here include the Burren Green, Irish Annulet and Transparent Burnet.
In archaeological circles the islands are famous for their prehistoric forts of dry stone masonry. In Irish legend these are associated with the Fir Bolg , the rulers of Ireland in ancient times.
Traditional Irish music sessions and setdancing ceilithe (setdancing events) are a feature of the islands’ pubs where you can also make the acquaintance of the local people eager to discuss the islands’ history or just have a chat. The islands have plenty of excellent accommodation, fine restaurants and craft shops where you can buy the famous Aran sweaters. Or if you feel like making the most of the stunning and beautiful nature, just go for a walk on the shore.
| i don't know |
In which Australian state is Cape York Peninsula? | Cape York Peninsula in northeastern Australia | Ecoregions | WWF
x Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands
Cape York Peninsula in northeastern Australia
At the northernmost tip of Queensland, Cape York Peninsula is a remote wilderness area, boasting outstanding species diversity and features that are globally, regionally, and nationally significant in respective of eight natural heritage criteria (Mackey et al. 2001). Mostly dominated by eucalyptus woodland, the region also contains notable rainforest, heathlands, grasslands, wetlands, and mangrove vegetation (Neldner and Clarkson 1995). Rainforest vegetation harbors Gondwanan and New Guinean floral elements, as well as exceptional orchid diversity. The Great Barrier Reef adjoins the ecoregion on its eastern seaboard, and supports a rich diversity of marine species. While pastoralism is the dominant land use, a significant area of land is contained in Aboriginal holdings, state land, and protected areas. As a result, this ecoregion has remained unmodified to a large degree, contains whole river systems of good quality, and key hydrological processes remain intact. However, feral animals, weeds, and plans for economic development are threats (Neldner 1999).
Scientific Code
Description
Location and General Description
The Cape York Peninsula is separated from New Guinea to the north by Torres Strait, which is only 100 km wide at its narrowest point. The Cape York Peninsula Tropical Savannas ecoregion includes the offshore islands of the Torres Strait, the largest of which are the Princes of Wales, Horn, Moa, and Badu Islands. The Peninsula is mostly low-relief, with undulating plains comprising three quarters of the region. The highest point occurs in the Coen/Iron Range area, reaching only 800 m in elevation.
Approximately 1 billion years ago, large deposits of fluviatile sediments covered much of the northern savannas of Australia, forming sandstone plateaus. On the western half of Cape York Peninsula, there are large amounts of red and yellow earths, as well as laterite soils with significant bauxite deposits (Biggs and Phillip 1995). Near the coast there are vast areas of alluvial soils (Tropical Savannas CRC undated).
The climate is strongly monsoonal, with most rain falling in the summer. The northern and eastern areas receive more rain than the south and southwest (Cape York Regional Advisory Group 1996). Dry season rainfall is normally associated with the influx of moist trade winds over the coast. Summers are hot and humid, and maximum temperatures reach 33? to 36?C in January. Rainfall varies greatly with proximity to the coast, with the north receiving an average of 2,400 mm of rain per annum, and falling to an average of 800 mm per year in the south. Winter, or dry season, temperatures in July fall to an average minimum of 21?C in the north and 15?C in the south (Tropical Savannas CRC undated).
This remote, northernmost portion of Queensland harbors some of the most pristine wilderness in Australia, and certainly the largest wilderness area in eastern Australia. Intact eucalypt woodland, heathland, riparian, and coastal ecosystems are all found here. Eucalypt woodlands comprise nearly two-thirds (64 percent) of the ecoregion, while low open-woodlands dominated by Melaleuca spp. occupy nearly 15 percent of the region, followed by grasslands (6 percent), rainforest (5.6 percent), and heathland communities (3.3 percent) in order of abundance (Neldner and Clarkson 1995). An estimated 20 percent of the national extent of rainforest occurs on the Cape York Peninsula, concentrated on the east coast. These rainforests are in nearly pristine condition. Extensive mangroves line both coasts of the Peninsula, and contain 36 mangrove species (Cape York Regional Advisory Group 1996).
Large areas of Cape York Peninsula are vegetated with eucalyptus woodland. Darwin stringybark (Eucalyptus tetrodonta) dominated communities cover 36.3 percent of the ecoregion. Other communities found in this ecoregion include Eucalyptus stockeri/E. tetrodonta woodlands (7.3 percent), bloodwood (Eucalyptus clarksoniana, E. novoguinensis) woodlands (5.6 percent), box woodlands (E. chlorophylla, E. microtheca) (5.0 percent), and ironbark woodlands (E. cullenii, E. crebra) (4.0 percent). Community structure varies considerably, with canopy heights ranging from 10 m to 32 m in height depending on the site conditions. Scattered subcanopy trees and shrubs are usually present, and the conspicuous ground layer is dominated by a variety of grasses (Neldner and Clarkson 1995).
Biodiversity Features
The vascular flora of Cape York Peninsula comprises 3,338 species (Neldner and Clarkson 1995), which show a variety of influences. While Cape York Peninsula shares many widespread plant species with the northern Australian tropical savannas, it contains 39 unique vegetation types identifiable at the 1:1,000,000 map scale (Mackey et al. 2001). The flora is a combination of relict Gondwanan species, autochthonous Australian plants that arose after the breakup of Gondwana and drying of Australia, Indo-Malay plants introduced 15 million years ago when Australia collided with the Sundaland plate, and New Guinean species which made their way across the Torres Strait.
Over 100 Gondwanan species are found on the Cape York Peninsula, including members of the primitive angiosperm families Annonaceae and Lauraceae, as well as orchids of the Arthochilus, Corybas, and Calochilus genera, and members of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae families. Gondwanan plants are largely concentrated in rainforest habitat, including the McIlwraith Range area. Much of the intrusive Indo-Malay element is also concentrated in rainforest, as are the species which recently migrated from New Guinea. However, endemism among plants extends to only three genera, Jedda (Thymelaeaceae), Normanbya (Arecaceae), and Wodyetia (Arecaceae). In total, 264 plants are endemic to Cape York Peninsula, with an additional 40 to 100 undescribed taxa that are also likely to be endemic (Abrahams et al. 1995).
Australia and New Guinea have been connected for a large part of the last 1 million years, although the largely dry climate of the northern Cape York Peninsula has limited the flow of species from New Guinea, which are mostly rainforest- or wet-adapted species. The New Guinean plants, birds, and mammals found in Cape York Peninsula are all rainforest inhabitants, including Bennett’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus bennettianus) and the spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus). In contrast, the herpetofauna shared between New Guinea and Australia are not rainforest species, and are often concentrated in heathlands habitat (Abrahams et al. 1995).
Due to the variety of vegetation types, the well preserved and natural landscapes, the region’s proximity with New Guinea, and the wide variety of substrates found here, the Cape York Peninsula is known for its rich, diverse, and endemic biota. There are 509 terrestrial vertebrates on the Peninsula, including one quarter of Australia’s frogs, one quarter of its reptiles, a third of all mammals, and half of its birds (Cape York Regional Advisory Group 1996). Richness in orchids has also been documented, with areas of greatest orchid diversity largely overlapping with rainforest communities. Orchid diversity is greatest at the genus level, with 62 genera recorded in the Cape York Peninsula, and the McIlwraith Range supporting over 16 percent of the entire Australian orchid flora. While there has been no systematic Peninsula-wide survey of invertebrates, nearly 60 percent of all Australian butterflies (223 species) occur on Cape York Peninsula, including the spectacular Cape York birdwing (Troides priamus pronomus). According to regional endangered species lists, nine fauna and ten flora species occurring on Cape York Peninsula are listed as endangered, 27 and 44 respectively as vulnerable, and 53 and 165 respectively as rare (Neldner 1999).
Restricted range and globally threatened birds present in Cape York Peninsula include the buff-breasted buttonquail (Turnix olivii EN), golden-shouldered parrot (Psephotus chrysopterygius EN), lovely fairywren (Malurus amabilis), white-streaked honeyeater (Trichodere cockerelli), and yellow-spotted honeyeater (Meliphaga notata). Two subspecies of widespread Australian birds have been identified as threatened, the Cape York Peninsula form of rufous owl (Ninox rufa meesi) and the white-bellied form of crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton evangelinae). The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius VU) is found here in rainforest habitat; its distribution extends to New Guinea and other regions of Australia (Hilton-Taylor 2000, Stattersfield et al. 1998).
Endangered mammals present include the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus gracilis EN), which may be declining as a result of cane toad (Bufo marinus) expansion. The critically endangered Bramble Cay melomys (Melomys rubicola) is known only from a vegetated cay located 50 km from New Guinea. It is thought to be closely related to the endemic melomys (Melomys capensis) (Strahan 1998). Three species of endangered marine turtle are found on Cape York Peninsula (Neldner 1999).
Riparian corridors often harbor a different fauna than the dry eucalypt woodlands they cross. These strips of vegetation connect the extensive east coast rainforests to smaller rainforests on the west coast. The spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus), white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus), frugivorous birds, and the palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) all utilize these corridors (Abrahams et al. 1995). The Cape York Peninsula is an important area for bird migration due to the large areas of pristine habitat. The Peninsula and the Torres Strait are a major avian migration route for landbirds leaving and returning to Northern Australia (Stattersfield et al. 1998). Waterbirds also migrate within the Peninsula as smaller seasonal wetlands dry out and they return to larger wetlands elsewhere on the Peninsula.
Whole river catchments of good quality are very rare on Australia, especially in the densely populated east. But Cape York Peninsula contains 16 complete drainage basins, including several large river systems in essentially natural condition: the Jardine, Jackson, Olive, and Holroyd systems. These rivers also hold exceptionally rich fish fauna, with the Wenlock River containing the richest freshwater fish fauna of any river in Australia. The Olive River also contains significant fish diversity for a river of its size (Abrahams et al. 1995).
Current Status
Cape York Peninsula is sparsely populated, with 12 urban centers containing a population of 8,700, and the rest of the population (roughly 9,000 people) spread out in smaller towns, settlements, and cattle properties. The earliest recorded contact between Aborigines and European explorers in Australia took place on Cape York Peninsula in 1606. European business interests were not established until the 1800s, first concentrating on marine harvesting of beche-de-mer, trochus, and pearls, then shifting to pastoralism and mining. Mining initially concentrated on gold extraction, but today bauxite, silica, and kaolin are the major mineral products. Pastoralism remains the biggest land use, with roughly 60 percent of Cape York Peninsula held as cattle properties. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander holdings comprise approximately 20,000 km2, and more than 60 percent of Cape York Peninsula’s population belong to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islands groups. The arrival of Europeans had profound consequences for Aboriginal communities and Torres Strait Islanders. Some Torres Strait Islanders relocated to the mainland, while Aboriginal groups on the mainland were often displaced by the pastoral industry.
This ecoregion has long been recognized as one of Australia’s largest and most important wilderness areas. Very little clearing has occurred with 99 percent of the area covered in remnant vegetation (Accad et al. 2001). Approximately 10 percent of the Peninsula is contained in a protected areas system including a number of large national parks: Lakefield (5,370 km2), Mungkan Kandju (4,570 km2), and Jardine River National Parks (2,530 km2).
The vast, high-quality areas of wilderness mean that there have been no documented plant or vertebrate extinctions in this ecoregion after European settlement. The region actually serves as a refuge for several birds that were originally widely distributed across Australia in low numbers, such as the pied oyster catcher (Haemotopus longirostris) (Abrahams et al. 1995).
Types and Severity of Threats
This region is very remote and retains its wilderness character, but inappropriate fire regimes associated with grazing management and invasive species are serious concerns (Neldner et al. 1997). The northern tropical savannas have experienced considerable degradation over the last 50 years as a result of extensive cattle raising (Mott and Tothill 1994). Exotic species are a serious concern, including invasive weeds, feral pigs (Sus scrofa), and the cane toad. Infrastructure development such as a proposed gas pipeline and bauxite mining as well as piecemeal decision making are threats to the natural heritage values of Cape York Peninsula (Mackey et al. 2001).
In 1990, Queensland and Commonwealth Governments jointly funded a major study on the land use and management of this region, the Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy (CYPLUS). This strategy aims to ensure that natural resources are safeguarded as plans for economic development are implemented. The Cape York Peninsula represents one of the last opportunities in Australia, and on Earth, to fully implement precautionary principles in planning new development in a tropical savannas environment (Mackey et al. 2001).
Justification of Ecoregion Delineation
The Cape York Peninsula Tropical Savannas ecoregion encompasses one IBRA, ‘Cape York Peninsula’ (Thackway and Cresswell 1995) and the ‘Cape York’ Endemic Bird Area (Stattersfield et al. 1998).
References
Accad, A., V.J., Neldner, B.A. Wilson, and R.E. Niehus. 2001. Remnant Vegetation in Queensland: Analysis and information on the extent and status of regional ecosystems. Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane, Australia.
Abrahams, H., M. Mulvaney, D. Glasco, and A. Bugg. 1995. Areas of Conservation Significance on Cape York Peninsula. Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy. Australian Heritage Commission, Canberra, Australia. http://www.ea.gov.au/sdd/erin/cyplus/lup . Viewed on September 25, 2001.
Biggs, A.J.W. and S.R.Philip 1995. Soils of Cape York Peninsula. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Resource Management Publication No. QV95001, Mareeba, Australia.
Cape York Regional Advisory Group. 1996. Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy Draft 2 Stage Report: a strategy for sustainable land use and economic and social development. Department of Local Government and Planning, Cairns, and Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories, Canberra, Australia.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 2000. 1998. The IUCN 2000 Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Mackey, B.G., H. Nix, and P. Hitchcock. 2001. The Natural Heritage Significance of Cape York Peninsula. Prepared for the Queensland government by ANUTECH Pty. Ltd.
Mott, J.J. and J.C. Tothill. 1994. Degradation of savanna woodlands in Australia. Pages 115-130 in C. Moritz and J. Kikkawa, editors. Conservation Biology in Australia and Oceania. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia.
Neldner, V.J. 1999. Cape York Peninsula. Pages 3/1-3/85 in P.S. Sattler and R.D. Williams, editors. The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane, Australia.
Neldner, V.J. and J.R. Clarkson. 1995. Vegetation Survey and Mapping of Cape York Peninsula. Cape York Peninsula Land Use Strategy, Office of the Co-ordinator General and Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Brisbane, Australia.
Neldner, V.J., R.J. Fensham, J.R. Clarkson, and J.P. Stanton. 1997. The natural grasslands of Cape York Peninsula. Description, distribution and conservation status. Biological Conservation 81: 121-136
Tropical Savannas CRC. undated. Savanna Explorer. Northern Territory University, Darwin, Australia. http://savanna.ntu.edu.au/information/savannaexplorer.html . viewed on September 25, 2001.
Stattersfield, A.J., M.J. Crosby, A.J. Long, and D.C. Wedge. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World. Priorities for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 7. BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Thackway, R. and I.D. Cresswell, editors. 1995. An Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia: a framework for establishing the national system of reserves, Version 4.0. Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra.
Prepared by: Miranda Mockrin
| Queensland |
How many oxygen atoms are there in all carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCO__) and potassium carbonate (K2CO__)? | Swoffa - Saltwater Flyfishing Australia - Where to fish in Cape York
Welcome to Far North Queensland and the Northern most point of mailnland Australia.
The Cape York Peninsula stretches North from Cooktown up to Bamaga right at the tip.
Flanked by the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea to the East, and the Gulf of Carpenatria to the West, the Cape provides access to possibly the largest variety of species and opportunities in Australia.
The entire Peninsula encompasses an area of 137 000 sq km and if fishing remote places is your thing, then Cape York would make a perfect playground.
Access into the remote Cape is via domestic flights which run from Cairns to Weipa and Bamaga, this being the chosen method of travel for most international anglers.
| i don't know |
Which football club are known as Los Rojiblancos and wear shirts with the logo Azerbaijan Land of Fire? | Atlético sign lucrative deal with Azerbaijan - AtleticoFans
Atlético sign lucrative deal with Azerbaijan
Rojiblancos have new shirt sponsor for derby against Real Madrid
Posted by Derek Maaijen on December 1st, 2012 in General -
(Clubatleticodemadrid.com)
On Friday Atlético Madrid announced to have signed a “strategic agreement” with the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The deal will be officially presented on Saturday afternoon by Miguel Ángel Gil, just hours before the derby against Real Madrid.
Against Real Madrid the players will have ‘Azerbaijan Land of Fire’ printed across their chests.
It’s not the first time Atlético have had a shirt sponsor for a selected number of games. After parting ways with Kia at the end of the 2010-2011 season, Atleti long struggled to find a new partner, but had Chinese technology provider Huawei printed on the red and white for the Derbi Madrileño, while also signing an 8-game deal with Rixos Hotels. Huawei again featured on our jersey for the UEFA Super Cup clash with Chelsea and two more games.
The exact compensation for the single game deal with Azerbaijan is unknown, but Atlético is set to make millions for one match. Although unconfirmed at this point, As reports Atlético is set to receive a staggering €20m, which suggests the agreement reaches beyond the Madrid-derby.
Already confirmed is that as part of the agreement the Rojiblancos will also play a friendly match against a selection of Azerbaijan players and Diego Simeone will be part of a football clinic in Baku next summer.
What do you think of the shirt design?
Mais
not a fan of block logos but hey, who cares?
Azeri
We will be wait you in Baku!!!
Asala
i’m not atletico fan anymore, as long as those ugly name is on that beautiful shirt
Nice deal. Good money. I hope we do something good with it to keep the high standard of this club up there with the other great clubs. But the design is not very nice but a little attractive.
Samir
I suggest to rename atletico to Atletico-Azerbaijan or even Atlaijan :). That would be great!!
best wishes from Baku.
Azeri, your post just gets more funny every time I read it. Excellent!
V
Advertising is a good step, but it’s probably not a long-thin scrap instead could just shoot an ax so that the country is known for.
Whats up with political stuff again? Armenian/Azeri hate? Its football people come on. Aupa!
Anthony
@Stefan,
Atleti signed a deal with an Azerbaijani firm and the little Asala worm felt abondened. So he decided not to support Atleti as if an Armenian scumbag has any real value and we would give a shite about it. He began speaking in his native language that is swearing and insulting people as they always do. They only speak the language of hatred and violence. So now he can go and play with his little prick.
tural nuri
they finally found best name on it.
Mi
The next will be We love Somali loool
Real M
Who cares, what they wear! No one pays attention to it anyway. Atletico will never win anything anywhere! At least, this way they will earn some money from Azeri state. Ha-ha!
Andres
2-0 dude, and still many points above Real Madrid.
Real M
Andres. True. And after today’s game it will be five points above. But, as we know it is the season end table that matters :-).
Real M
Guys, can’t undedrstand what’s the fight about here! Why some of you are so worried about new shirt? Where is Azerbaijan anyway – I guess somewhere in Asia or Africa? If they want to pay for some good cars and villas for Atletico players – what’s bad in it?
Senan
to Real M
Azerbaijan- officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe.
Paneuropean
Lebanese of which origin? Perhaps of those 200-300 thousand Armenians living in Beirut? 😉
Azar Ali Abour
Atletico – we will not support You in Barcelona – You are looser..
Azar Ali Abour
Unfortunately Azar Ali Abour is right. But time will come ………..
Martin
Azerbaijan or Republic of Azerbaijan is an important country of the Eurasian continent and it is the largest as well as the most populated region in South Caucasus. Whilst the capital, Baku, has rapidly transformed itself into a highly developed modern city, the surrounding villages still remain untouched and archaic.Azerbaijan is divided partially between Eastern Europe and Western Asia.Azerbaijan has an ancient and historic cultural heritage, including the distinction of being the first Muslim-majority country to have operas, theater and plays.Azerbaijan made its debut appearance at the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest. The country’s entry gained the third place in 2009 and fifth the following year.[195] Ell and Nikki won the first place at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song “Running Scared”, entitling Azerbaijan to host the contest in 2012, in Baku.We LOVE YOU-AZERBAIJAN !!!!!
Martin
The European Olympic Committee announced that the first European Games will be held in 2015. The AZERBAIJANi city of BAKU will Host the longing continental tournament that doesn’t have a fixed date yet. It is expected that around 7,000 athletes will participate in the seventeen sports. The European Games don’t have a fixed date yet but it is known that archery, badminton, boxing, canoeing, fencing, handball, judo, rugby sevens, shooting, taekwondo, table tennis, triathlon and volleyball. Besides, two non-Olympic sports will be part of the event. It is expected that 7,000 athletes will participate at the 2015 European Games in BAKU ! We LOVE YOU AZERBAIJAN !!!!! And EUROPE letz go and see AMAZING AZERBAIJAN BAKU !!!!!
Martin
Once I have been in the AMAZING AZERBAIJAN, AWESOME BAKU and still can’t forget its dramatic beauty, really I have never seen such a wonderful amazing city like BAKU <3 LONG LIVE AZERBAIJAN, LONG LIVE EUROPE !!!!!!!
Martin
All EUROPE, especially Spain, France, England, Turkey, Hungary, Cyprus, Greece, Georgia, All MUSLIM Countries all over the World – LOVE and SUPPORT YOU – AZERBAIJAN BAKU !!!!!! All West and East again going to BAKU for European Sport Games 2015 !!!!! We LOVE AND SUPPORT YOU Amazing AZERBAIJAN – LAND OF FIRE !!!!!!!
sf
baku is a shit hole, there people are stuck in the dark ages ive worked here for 10 years in the oil and gas. there goverment are all rolling in the money they have STOLEN from there people, there trying to build up a image that baku is a mini dubai!!!!! the problem is if your not in the elite group of the goverment or the SOCAR oil men who steal all the azeri peoples money from the oil then you cant afford to live in baku, hench why all the high rise bulidings they have built in the last 5 years are emtpy, stay clear of this shit hole the sponsor a spainish team but yet you cant get a direct flight from baku lol and i hear 20mil for the sponsor 20 mil out of the hands of azeri people they want you to come here but why would you come to this shit hole there is notihng to do and azeri people dont want us here all the want to do is rip you off………….
daniel
WE LOVE UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU A Z E R B A I J A N AND ALL EUROPE AND ALL MUSLIM COUNTRIES ALL OVER THE WORLD SUPPORT YOU !!!!! REALLY YOU HAVE THE MAGICAL AMAZING COUNTRY IN THE WORLD !
Mikel
Azerbaijan is great country. I love it!
Murat Mehmet Turk
Azerbaijan is one of the richest and wealthiest countries in Eurasia (and Europe and Asia). Azerbaijan – it is a secular country, where have western and eastern culture, that respects both Muslims and Christians and Jews and Buddhists and all other religious people. European Olympic Committee decided to hold the “first European Olympic” games in Baku in 2015. You look on the internet as Azerbaijan (Baku), held at a high level:
1) Azerbaijan led the UN Security Council 2012;.
2) “Eurovision Song Contest Baku 2012” in 20-26 May;.
3) “Formula-1, Rally (GT3 City Challence 2012) in September;.
4) “The World Wrestling Championship” in 21-27 August 2012;.
5) İnternational beauty contest “Miss Civilization 2012” in October;.
6) Football. The World Cup women 2012 “in September and October;.
7) Grand concerts Jennifer Lopez, Rihanna, Shakira in 2012 in Baku in September-October.
Even the whole of Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand were shocked by the “Eurovision”. Azerbaijan can even hold these Olympics, too! Baku is a beautiful and friendly town. Welcome to Azerbaijan! We love you )))))
Cauca
Azerbaijan respects Christians? They don’t give dam about their own people, they want to cut the ear off of writer who wrote book and in it he was sympathetic towards Armenians, christians. Please nigga what you smokin? tell me I’ll smoke too.
don
I heard the Aerbaidjanians out barely outbid the Somali Pirates for the deal.
Disgusting! How muck can a football club prostitute themselves?
don
I heard the Aerbaidjanians out barely outbid some Mexican drug cartel for the deal.
Disgusting! How much can a football club prostitute themselves?
sürgün
Thank you for all the related detail about Azerbaijan from pitiful hate and slander to the sheer knowledge, all the attempt is to get the chance to recognize the other earthling
and place of their origin the rest is open to adventure.
this is a sport related event not assembly of political debate.
If you think small that is all you are.
Reza
Brainless Azeris out in force again. “YAY YAY AZERBAIJAN BEST COUNTRY IN UNIVERSE” give it a rest. Baku is a dive I’ve been there the best hotel is 3-star maximum which prices itself like a 5-star hotel, the hospitality was rubbish as was the food.
Azerbaijan is part of Iran anyway it was stolen by Russia so I don’t know what you lot are so proud of.
Andres (Lolaya)
Reza… where are you from? I bet I can find problems with your country too…
Nick Poskitt
Keep it nice fellas, come on. Be civil.
Dan
This is the worst advertisment ever. I never could imagine that such nice tean could take shirts with such an ugly advertisement like that nasty country.
Me and very big comunity of football fans who liked this team now rejecting them are not fans more.
Just remove that shit from yout shirts.
Ayhan
To those who speak Azerbaijan down:
I know you by the Catalans, who just want to run away from you. I don’t you very much. But, I know the way you behave to other people, just like what persians do in Iran. chauvinists you are both. This is why Catalans rightly hate you. You don’t know Azerbaijan, and do not speak about it like that. After all you were part of Arabs in some point of the history. What are you proud of? what are you boasting about? What do you know about my country.
Long live Azerbaijan, Long live Catalona.
tiraxtor
viva south azerbayjan viva tiraxtor
tiraxtor
south azerbayjan is not iran
Paulo
This ain’t politics or religion. This is FOOTBALL!
Dan: Spanish people aren’t aryan. Celtic people aren’t aryan. Romanic people aren’t aryan. American people for sure aren’t aryan.
Even we milk-white nordic Finnish people are not aryan in any possible way. Just some eastern european nomad race mixed with russians and vikings.
Aryans used to be ancient, western Indian, dark people (I call all the gypsies in Finland “The Real Aryans” ’cause they come from west India) and everybody who claims to be aryan, are usually a mix-breed between a pig and a dog.
Oh and did you know “Iran” is an ancient Persian word meaning the Land of the Aryans. If you think you’re an Aryan better start honoring the guys with rags on their heads, ’cause they are probably the same people as you are.
I think the logo in Atleti shirt is stylish and if you think something else, you haven’t been an Atleti fan for long, ’cause we’ve had so many horrible sponsors and designs on our shirts during the past 20 years.
Ayhan
To Paulo,
I think you didn’t understand me.
I don’t mean I’m a persian, an Iranian, or whatever they call themselves. I am from Azerbaijan. I hate the people you are talking about too. What I mean is for the guys who don’t know Azerbaijan, and insult it. This is exactly why I hate persians. Because they do it too.
FcBAYERN
Reza,you are stupid iranian,if you tell from history that Azerbaijan was a part of Iran,so more than 50% Euroasia was part of Mongolia or Arabia or Osmania ,you stupid iranians too
FcBAYERN
Viva Atletico!!!i’m Bayern fan and i love red and white colors,VIVA BAYERN and VIVA ATLETICO!!!!best teams!!
Anti Axe
That logo is wrong. The trademark of azerbaijan is AXE, RAMIL SAFAROV, ALIEV FAMILY MONOPOLY.
It’s not azerbaijan that is rich, it’s the aliev family. In a rich country people don’t starve, and in a civilized country people to go to jail for opposing the president.
Basta.
Daniel, Martin, you two sound azerbaijani.
Dan
Paulo, you never can understand what means to be an aryan. There are just a few nations who have a chance to be called an aryans who are the real mens.
About the shirts, I am a BIG FAN of BAYERN MUNICH FC and I respect those aryan guys. So, FcBAYERN, if you are a real bayern fan you need to understand that the men who respects himself must not take the shirt on which is drawn such a shit.
Nick
Relax people! I have been in Azerbaijan recently and I quite liked it to be honest. City is beautiful and. people are warm and kind. I also like food)) When we come to the football , then I should say that Atletico has made a grate contract. I mean they obviously need money and Azerbaijan just supported them. Chill fellas!)))
Nick you have no clue. Azerbaijan at least got their name right “Land Of Fire” Sounds like Hell to me! Even with the loss there is only one team in Madrid and it is the REAL team of Madrid!
Andres (Lolaya)
Funny Chuck says that after the game against Real… Too bad… he would’ve had an argument before
Baldini reveals Fulham deal for Stekelenburg
habib
Persians(Iran) is lord of fire not Azerbaijan,
koorosh
Zartosht is old Iranian religion( Persian and median and Parthian)believe fire.
koorosh
Yashsin Iran yashsin Azerbaijan:)
koorosh
I love Azerbaijan because my mother is Azerbaijan and my father is from Persia (Iran)I believe Iranian and Azerbaijan is Aryan and we brother together viva Iran viva Azerbaijan
Amid-Az
yes. 1) Azerbaijan led the UN Security Council 2012;.
2) “Eurovision Song Contest Baku 2012″ in 20-26 May;.
3) “Formula-1, Rally (GT3 City Challence 2012) in September;.
4) “The World Wrestling Championship” in 21-27 August 2012;.
5) İnternational beauty contest “Miss Civilization 2012″ in October;.
6) Football. The World Cup women 2012 “in September and October;.
7) Grand concerts Jennifer Lopez, Rihanna, Shakira in 2012 in Baku in September-October.
I’m sorry. My english bad.
labor rights in Azerbaijan 110-115 US dollar.
Majid
This the best name for atletico that have never seen
Lamego
I think Atlético de Madrid should not have accepted this dirty money from Aliev family . This is money stolen from the poor people of Azerbaijan , money laudering from the oil hided profits .
Ronaldo27spain
Atletico shame on you sponsering a terrorist nation with azeri people raised to hate christians…Im about to burn my atletico jersey never in my life have I meet people so disgusting and rude then the hate filled azeri I’m glad armenian witb the small nation destoyed u muslim monkeyz
turk
The best name i have ever seen in Atletico shirt. i love you Azarbaijan. i love you FC traxur.
i was not Atletico fan till this season but because of this shirt i started to follow results of Atletico and became a fan of this team.
This season Atletico can be the champion of la liga. i wish they can
viva Azarbaijan, viva Atletico, viva FC traxtur.
gelejek bizimdir
Turgut Gezgin
Please stop those political remarks on this sporting page. !
Professionel clubs tries to make money in every possible way. They can’t make everyone happy.
uuupppp azerbaijan
mark
Because Atlético Madrid have signed a “strategic agreement” with the Republic of Azerbaijan the next inspiring word on their shirt will be “ALIEV” .
Oleg
Great azeris invest 20 million on soccer team while their people starving from hunger. they could of get water pipes in their villages with that money. very sad.
Dmitri
Next os going to be “azerbedjan land of axe murderer safarov” to show the true picture of them
Ilkin
Dmitri read up about Khodjali massacre first.
Greg
Better Azerbaijan-Land Of Fire on Atletico Madrid t-shirts
than Kim Kardashian “genocidee” ass!
Azerbaijan is great culture!
Iftikhar
who are terrorists ? have you ever been in Azerbaijan ? How dare you talk like that ? do you know any Azeri guy ? you have no information about our country. if you look history , you will see who we are. sorry but only monkeys talk without any knowledge like you are.
| Atlético Madrid |
Which large brown bear is native to an island which is part of Alaska? | history of the football clubs
history of the football clubs
all about the history of the football club you should know.
Classic
History of Schalke 04
Fussballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 eV., Also known as FC Schalke 04 is a German football team based in Gelsenkirchen, a mining town in Germany. Playing in division Bundesliga 1. This club has branches of sport, but the most famous is the football.
Founded in 1904 under the name Westfalia Sachalke. Schalke 04 won his first European level championship in 1997 by beating Inter Milan on penalties in the UEFA Cup in Milan.
In the Premier League there is a club nicknamed the Royal Blues who is none other than Everton FC, in Germany also appeared there were nicknamed the same, they are Schalke 04, one of the top clubs in the Bundesliga are not uncommon showing their faces in the Champions League competition Europe, including in this season. Well, Schalke sometimes also be a tough opponent for the authorities such as Munich and Dortmund Bundesliga. Here is a history club Schalke 04.
This club is found or established on May 4, 1904 ago, which they still use the name Westfalia Schalke when first established. That you may not know is, this club was founded by a group of students at one school High up in the town Gilsenkirchen, Germany. And when it was first established, the club is not directly wearing a blue jersey like now but Red colored with Yellow Strip.
Actually, they had tried to get into the official league in the country armored, but unfortunately they were refused because it is considered not sufficient condition, as a result in early-standing crew, this club is only playing in local amateur league level.
In 1912, they decided to join the Schalker Turnverein 1877, became a club called SV Westfalia Schalke. Had parted, again but in 1919 they re-join the new name 'Turn- und Sportverein Schalke in 1877'. Since then Schalke can compete in official league level, then in 1924, then they use the name FC Schalke 04, earning the nickname Die Königsblauen which means the Royal Blues, according to Blue Jersey they use since then.
Stadium
The Veltins-Arena
Stadium club, known as the Veltins-Arena under the sponsorship agreement with the brewery Veltins, its opening in the summer of 2001 and has a capacity of 61 673 spectators. The stadium is regarded as one of the best with the most modern facilities and multi-functional stadiums in Europe. The stadium was formerly known as the AufSchalke Arena and replace Parkstadion (capacity 71,000) was built in 1973. Previous clubs have played the game in GluckAuf-Kampfbahn built in 1928 with a capacity of 35,000. GluckAuf-Kampfbahn stadium used for amateur matches during the last years by reducing the capacity of only 5,000
Diposkan 19th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
History of Liverpool
Liverpool Football Club / lɪvərpuːl / (also known as Liverpool or the Reds) is a British football club based in the city of Liverpool. Currently Liverpool is a participant Premiership.
Liverpool has won five UEFA Champions League trophy (formerly the Champions Cup) and a holder of a club with UEFA Champions League third largest in the UK and in Europe with FC Bayern München, after Real Madrid and AC Milan. In addition, Liverpool is also the holder of each of the three titles and the UEFA Europa League UEFA Super Cup
In domestic competition, Liverpool is a club with 18 English league titles, seven FA Cups, and seven League Cups.
Liverpool was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year. The club has played at Anfield Stadium since its formation which is located approximately 4.8 miles from Liverpool city center.
The most successful period in Liverpool's history was the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to eleven league titles and seven European trophies.
Liverpool has a long history of rivalry with neighbors Everton club and also with Manchester United. Competition with derby club known as the Merseyside derby. Liverpool is known to have a very fanatical seporter, which are located throughout the world. They dubbed the Kop. Liverpool national anthem is "You'll Never Walk Alone".
History
Early days and formation
Liverpool was founded on March 15, 1892 as a result of a feud between Everton FC Committee by John Houlding as President of the club who is also the owner of Anfield stadium. Earlier in 1891 John Houlding, as tenants of Anfield Stadium, bought the land directly and proposes increasing rental prices from £ 100 to £ 250 per year. Everton, who have played at Anfield for seven years, rejected and of enmity.
As a result of the feud, Everton eventually moved to Goodison Park stadium and John Holding make Anfield stadium as home to Liverpool until now.
The club was named Everton FC and Athletic Grounds, Ltd., or Everton Athletic summarized, but the English Football Association (FA) refused to admit there are two teams named Everton. In June 1892, John Houlding eventually chose the name Liverpool FC as a new name, and Liverpool transformed into a serious force in English football competition.
Debuting as a professional football club Liverpool played in the Lancashire League, and succeed before finally joining the Premier League Second Division (now called the Football League Championship) in the 1893-94 season. In his first season in the Second Division, Liverpool instantly became a champion and is entitled to promotion to Division I (now the Premier League). Liverpool did not wait long to become champions, because in his first season in Division I's (1900-01), Liverpool won the Division I and repeat it again five years later.
Future developments
FA Cup final first performed in 1914, although they were eventually defeated Burnley 1-0. After that Liverpool won the league championship two consecutive seasons 1921-22 and 1922-23 seasons, but did not get the trophy again until the 1946-47 season when it won the league title to 5. Having been in Division I for more than 50 years, Liverpool decline and eventually relegated to the Second Division in the 1953-54 season.
Moments after Liverpool's defeat by Worcester City, clubs outside the Football League in season 1958-59 FA Cup, Bill Shankly was appointed manager in December 1959. Shankly remodel massive team with 24 players removing old and use a room in the stadium Anfield to hold a coaching meeting. This room is called 'The Boot Room' which successfully gave birth to the legendary Liverpool managers at a later date.
In this room of Bill Shankly and members 'Boot Room' such as Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan and Reuben Bennett began to build the strength of Liverpool which is the envy of other teams. The results of the renovation is done by Bill Shankly coming to fruition when successful promotion back to Division I in the 1961-62 season and won the league in the 1963-64 season.
Heyday
Liverpool won the best era when under manager Bill Shankly. The coach then became a legend of Liverpool. He is highly respected for successfully bringing Liverpool back to the first division after previously being in the second division for 8 seasons. In honor of his services, was made a statue of Bill Shankly at Anfield entrance. Famous players at this time include Ray Clemence, Mark Lawrenson, Graeme Souness, Ian Callaghan, Phil Neal, Kevin Keegan, Alan Hansen, Kenny Dalglish (102 caps), and Ian Rush (346 goals)
Bill Shankly era
After winning the first FA Cup in 1965 and won the league in the 1965-66 season, Bill Shankly managed to present the league title and the UEFA Cup in the 1972-73 season. The next season of Bill Shankly managed to present the FA Cup after slaughtering Newcastle United 3-0. No one expected that the FA Cup is the latest offering from one of Bill Shankly. Because suddenly Bill Shankly decided to retire.
Players and Liverpudlian (nickname for a rabid fan of Liverpool FC who came from the city of Liverpool, while fans from outside the city of Liverpool called Kopites) attempted to persuade, even workers in Liverpool threatened to go on strike. But Bill Shankly remained on the managerial position and pass the baton to his assistant that Bob Paisley. Bill Shankly finally retired in 1974 and joined the Liverpudlian in the stands of the Kop.
Bob Paisley era
Liverpool triumph with Bill Shankly Bob Paisley continued at that time 55 years old. He served as manager of Liverpool from 1974 to 1983 and only at the beginning of the year Bob Paisley can not provide a title for Liverpool. During 9 years of Bob Paisley served as manager of Liverpool FC, he gives a total of 21 trophies, including three Champions Cups, 1 UEFA Cup, 6 Premier League champions and three League Cups in a row.
With all of that title is not wrong when Bob Paisley became the most successful manager who once worked with the English club. Not only provide a degree of success for Liverpool FC, but Bob Paisley was also successful in regenerating in the body of Liverpool FC with the emergence of young stars such as: Graeme Souness, Alan Hansen, Kenny Dalglish and Ian Rush. Although Bob Paisley will inherit a young squad that is very great and talented, but with all the nicks that title would be very hard for anyone successors.
Joe Fagan Era
Paisley retired in 1983 and replaced by his assistant Joe Fagan. As the successor Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan who was then aged 62 years, in his first season managed to present a treble for Liverpool that won the Premier League, League Cup and European Cup champions. This achievement makes Liverpool FC as the first football club in England who won three titles at once in one season.
Unfortunately, the golden record slightly tarnished by the incident at the Heysel Stadium. The incident which occurred before the Champions Cup final between Liverpool and Juventus have killed 39 people, mostly Juventus supporters. This incident resulted in the banning of all English football club to compete in Europe for 5 years. And Liverpool FC barred from all European competitions for 10 years which eventually reduced to 6 years. In addition, 14 Liverpudlian charged guilty of events known as the Heysel tragedy.
After a horrible event, Joe Fagan decided to retire and provide managerial stick next to Kenny Dalglish was appointed as player-manager. Joe Fagan handed over managerial duties to Kenny Dalglish's Liverpool FC who at that time had become a great player but still have to prove capability as a manager.
Kenny Dalglish era
During the reign of Kenny Dalglish, Liverpool FC won the Premier League brought as much as 3 times and won the FA Cup 2 times, including doubles title won the Premier League and FA Cup in the 1985-86 season. If not exposed to sanctions from UEFA, Liverpool FC certainly be a serious contender to win the Champions League at the time.
The success of Liverpool FC in the leadership of Kenny Dalglish returned overshadowed other terrible events that Hillsborough disaster. In the semi-finals of the FA Cup against Nottingham Forest FC April 15, 1989, hundreds of spectators outside the stadium forced their way into the stadium which resulted in a Liverpudlian who was in the stands sandwiched guardrail stadium. This resulted in 94 Liverpudlian died at the scene, one Liverpudlian died four days later at the hospital and 1 other Liverpudlian died after a coma for four years.
Hillsborough disaster due to the British government to do research again about the safety factor in the country's football stadium. Known as the Taylor Report, said that the cause of the Hillsborough disaster is a factor that exceeds the capacity of the stadium audience due to lack of anticipation of the security forces. Finally, the British government passed a law that requires each division I English to negate the stands stood.
After a living testimony of the terrible tragedy Heysel and Hillsborough, 'King' Kenny Dalglish can never escape from the trauma that attacked him. Finally, on February 22, 1990 he announced his resignation as manager of Liverpool FC. Announcement that shocked the football world at that time, because Liverpool FC were competing with Arsenal in the Premier League title race.
Reasons mentioned by Kenny Dalglish at the time it was no longer able to deal with the pressure in the piloting of Liverpool FC. Over the past few weeks is handled by Liverpool FC first team coach Ronnie Moran before Liverpool FC appoint Graeme Souness as manager next. 'King' Kenny Dalglish later remembered as the greatest legend of Liverpool FC as very successful both as a player and manager.
Future premier league
The departure of 'King' Kenny Dalglish and 2 terrible tragedy (Heysel and Hillsborough) seems to provide trauma, punishment or curse deep for Liverpool FC. Arrival Graeme Souness did not change the fortunes of Liverpool FC. Although Souness could give the FA Cup title in 1992, but the policy of unfavorable transfer and application of strategies that little confusing to make Liverpool appear inconsistent on the season. Another thing that soured relations between Souness and Liverpudlian is when Souness tells his health recovery process after heart surgery to the newspaper The Sun.
As it is known that people in Merseyside boycott of The Sun newspaper are often cornered Liverpudlian about the Hillsborough disaster. On January 28, 1994, Graeme Souness resigned as manager of Liverpool FC after being knocked out of the League Cup and FA Cup. Coach Roy Evans was appointed as manager of Liverpool FC next. Liverpool FC are in the order of 8 standings worst result for 29 years. Although winning the title champion Graeme Souness was not successful, but the birth of his leadership many young talents such as: Robbie Fowler, Steve McManaman, Jamie Redknapp, Rob Jones and David James.
The next Liverpool manager Roy Evans is a senior manager who has been with Liverpool FC for more than 30 years. In the 1994-95 season Liverpool was ranked fifth Premier League and won the League Cup by beating Bolton Wanderers 2-1. Roy Evans managed to restore the hallmark of the Liverpool game that pass and move. But the slick and beautiful game Liverpool FC at this time is not matched sufficient determination and aggressiveness of the players, so Liverpool during the Roy Evans often called Spice Boys.
In addition to the more mature players like Robbie Fowler, Steve McManaman and Jamie Redknapp, during the coaching Roy Evans emerging young talent named Michael Owen who scored 18 goals and became the PFA Young Player of the Year Award in 1998.
In the 1998-99 season Liverpool FC draw the Frenchman, Gérard Houllier to partner with Roy Evans as joint manager. But Roy Evans was not suitable to cooperate with Houllier, so resigned in November 1998. After becoming the sole manager, Houllier overhauled by entering a team of players like: Sami Hyypia, Stephan Henchoz, Markus Babbel, Dietmar Hamann, Gary McAllister and Emile Heskey. In addition to emerging young star Michael Owen, Houllier also managed to promote young talent with exceptional talent named Steven Gerrard.
In 2001, season 2 Houllier as sole manager, Liverpool won a "Treble" are: FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Europa League. 2001 be the best year of Liverpool FC after the decline of achievement in previous years. This year Liverpool FC won the English League Cup, FA Cup, UEFA Cup, Community Shield and the UEFA Super Cup.
This success led to a glimmer of hope for Liverpool to be able to reach the Premier League title last won in 1990. In 2003 Liverpool FC won the English League Cup and was ranked 4th in the 1993-94 season to be eligible for the UEFA Champions League qualification. Although managed to give a title for Liverpool FC, but defensive tactics applied Houllier considered can not compete for the Premier League title. Defensive tactics and counter-attack very easily anticipated by the opponent, so that on May 24, 2004, Gérard Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benitez.
Diposkan 19th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
History of A.S. Roma
Associazione Sportiva Roma, commonly called Roma, is an Italian football club based in Rome. The club competed in Serie A.
Roma have won Serie A three times, first in 1941-42 and then in 1982-1983 and again in 2000-01, as well as winning nine Coppa Italia titles and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. On the European stage, Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960-61, was winning the European Cup in 1983-84 (lost in the final played at home against Liverpool after a penalty shootout), and finishing runner-up in the UEFA Cup for 1990 1991 (aggregate defeat against Internazionale).
Currently play home games at the Olympic Stadium Rome, where they share with city rivals Lazio. With a capacity of over 72,000, it is the second largest of its kind in Italy, with only San Siro able to seat more. In September 2009 the club announced plans to build a new 55,000 capacity stadium in the western suburbs of Rome. The design is modeled after English football stadiums with the objective to provide support closer look at the field. In September 2011, it was announced that the new president, Thomas R. DiBenedetto, has reached an agreement with the mayor of Rome, Gianni Alemanno, to have the new stadium completed by 2016. Like the previous plan by Sensi, this new stadium should be modeled after English stadiums.
History
A.S. Roma was founded in the summer of 1927 by Italo Foschi by combining 3 football club from the city of Rome, Italy is Roman FC, SS Alba-Audace and Fortitudo-Pro Roma SGS. The reason of the merger of this club is to establish a strong football club to be a rival of football clubs northern Italy. But of this merger, there is a club in the city of Rome at that time who did not join in, namely Lazio for an intervention of General Vaccaro, club members and executives of the Italian Football Federation.
The club played its earliest seasons in Motovelodromo Appio stadium, before finally settling in Campo Testaccio in November 1929. A good start to the season in which the Romans managed to occupy the position of 'runner-up' under Juventus in 1930-1931 season. Captain Attilio Ferraris along with Guido Masetti, Fulvio Bernardini and Rodolfo Volk is a very important player during this period.
Until now the only European club championship ever won by the Roma is the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in the period 1960-1961 which was the forerunner of the UEFA Europa League championship. Ironically competition Inter-Cities Fairs Cup when it turns out it is not held by UEFA and consequently do not assume UEFA club championship record in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, including Roma to be a part of their European record.
Victory First Degree and Decline
After a decline in performance in the league and many key players leave, Roma eventually rebuilt their squad by adding the Top Scorer Argentina, Enrique Guaita. Under the tutelage of coach Luigi Barbesino, AS Roma won their first title in season 1935-36; complete the rest of the season just a point below the first champion, Bologna.
Rome back to his best after performing inconsistently in the final season of 1930; Roma recorded victories and won the Scudetto with a surprise in the 1941-42 season. Eighteen goals scored by local player Amedeo Amadei is important for coach Alfred Schaffer then. At that time, Italy was involved in World War II and AS Roma are playing in stadiums Partito Nazionale del Fascista.
In the years after the war, Rome was not able to reclaim the Scudetto title. AS Roma finished the season in the bottom half of Serie A for five consecutive seasons. So in the end had to fall into the abyss of degradation Serie B at the end of the season 1950-51 season; about a decade after their Scudetto victory. Thanks to the alertness and enthusiasm of Coach Giuseppe Viani, promotion straight back into Serie A is reached.
After returning to Serie A, Roma managed to stabilize themselves as a top club again with players such as Egisto Pandolfini, Dino Da Costa and Dane Helge Bronee. Although Rome was not able to get into the top four over the next decade, but they won some trophies. Their first trophy of honor outside of Italy was recorded in 1960-61 when Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup by beating Birmingham City 4-2 in the final match. A few years later the Romans first won the Coppa Italia in the 1963-64 season, by beating Torino 1-0.
Their lowest point came during the 1964-65 season when manager Juan Carlos Lorenzo announced that the club can not pay players and likely will not be able to pay for a trip to Vicenza to meet the next game. The most fervent supporters continue to fight for his beloved club, AS Roma, by collecting funds in the Sistine Theatre and bankruptcy was avoided with the election of a new president of the club Franco Evangelisti.
Their second title that won the Coppa Italia in the 1968-69 season. Giacomo Losi become history and record the most appearances in the AS Roma during 1969 with 450 appearances in all competitions, the record he held for 38 years.
Period Victory in Various Competitions
Rome was able to add another trophy to their collection in 1972, with a 3-1 victory over Blackpool in the Anglo-Italian Cup. The best place AS Roma is able to achieve during the third decade in 1974-75. The best players during this period included midfielders Giancarlo De Sisti and Francesco Rocca.
A new era in the history of football success Roma plus the Coppa Italia victory, they beat Torino in the shootout to win the Cup in the 1979-80 season. AS Roma has already reached the top of the standings in Serie A that they have not been touched since the 1940s. The former AC Milan player Nils Liedholm was coach at the time, with players such as Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Roberto Pruzzo and Falcao.
AS Roma won second Scudetto in the 1982-83 season. AS Roma won the title for the first time in 41 years. In the following season Roma finished as runners-up Serie A and Coppa Italia gather, they also succeed as a runner-up at the end of the 1984 European Cup Final European Cup with Liverpool drew 1-1 with goals from Pruzzo, but Roma eventually lost the round of penalty kicks. Success Rome back occurred in 1980 which reached the runner-up Serie A in the 1985-86 season and again won the Coppa Italia beat Sampdoria 3-2.
The 1990s was the beginning of the emergence of striker Francesco Totti, who became an important retainer of the team as captain and club icon.
Diposkan 17th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
History of Atletico Madrid
Club Atlético de Madrid, SAD (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkluβ aðˈletiko ðe maˈðɾið]), commonly known as Atlético de Madrid or Atlético, is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid that plays in La Liga, where they are the current champions.
Atlético have won La Liga on ten occasions, including a league and cup double in 1996; the Copa del Rey on ten occasions; 2 Supercopa de España and 3 Copa Eva Duarte; in Europe, they won the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1962, runners-up in 1963 and 1986, were European Cup runners-up in 1974 and 2014, won the Europa League in 2010 and in 2012, and won the UEFA Super Cup in 2010 and 2012, as well as the 1974 Intercontinental Cup.
The club play their home games at the Vicente Calderón, which holds up to 54,960 spectators. In 2016, Atletico are due to move to their new home of Estadio La Peineta, which will have a capacity of 70,000.
Atletico's home kit is red and white vertical striped shirts, with blue shorts, accompanied by blue and red socks. This combination has been used since 1911. The current club kits are manufactured by Nike and the main sponsor is Azerbaijan.
During their history, the club has been known by a number of nicknames, including Los Colchoneros ("The Mattress Makers"), due to their first team stripes being the same colours as old-fashioned mattresses. During the 1970s, they became known as Los Indios, allegedly due to the club signing several South American players after the restrictions on signing foreign players were lifted. However, there are a number of alternative theories which claim they were named so because their stadium is "camped" on the river bank, or because Los Indios (The Indians) were the traditional enemy of Los Blancos (The Whites), which is the nickname of the club's city rivals, Real Madrid.
Felipe VI, the current king of Spain, is the Honorary President of the Club since 2003.
The club co-owns the Indian Super League franchise of Kolkata, named Atletico de Kolkata, which won the inaugural Season of the Indian Super League in 2014. On 20 January 2015, it was reported that Chinese billionaire Wang Jianlin was buying a 20% stake in the club.
History
Foundation and first years (1903–1939)
The club was founded on 26 April 1903 as Athletic Club de Madrid by three Basque students living in Madrid. These founders saw the new club as a youth branch of their childhood team, Athletic Bilbao. In 1904, they were joined by dissident members of Real Madrid. They began playing in blue and white, similarly to Athletic Bilbao, but by 1911, Athletic were playing in their current colours of red and white stripes. Many believe the change was influenced because red and white striped tops were the cheapest stripes to make, because the same combination was used to make bed mattresses, and the unused cloth was easily converted into football shirts. This discovery of a cheaper option probably persuaded them to change and influenced the Madrid club being come to known as Los Colchoneros nickname. Another more plausible account of the reason to change colours is that both Athletic Bilbao and Athletic Madrid used to buy Blackburn Rovers blue and white kits in England. Once in 1911, Juanito Elorduy, former player and member of the board of Athletic Madrid, went to England to buy kits for both teams. He did not find Blackburn Rovers kits and bought Southampton F.C. red and white ones instead. Athletic Madrid adopted the red and white shirt but opted to keep Blackburn Rovers' blue shorts, leading to them also being known as Los Rojiblancos.
Atletico's first ground, the Ronda de Vallecas, was situated in the eponymous working-class area on the south side of the city. In 1919, the Compañía Urbanizadora Metropolitana—the company that ran the underground communication system in Madrid—acquired some land, near the Ciudad Universitaria. And in 1921, Athletic Madrid became independent of parent-club Athletic Bilbao. As part of that project the company built a sports stadium, named Estadio Metropolitano de Madrid and Athletic had a new a 35,800 seat home. The Metropolitano was used until 1966, when they moved to the new Estadio Vicente Calderón. After the move, the Metropolitano was demolished and was replaced with university buildings and an office block belonging to the company ENUSA.
During the 1920s, Athletic won the Campeonato del Centro three times and they were Copa del Rey runners-up in 1921, ironically this final saw them face parent club Athletic Bilbao, and 1926. Based on this record, they were invited to join the Primera División of the inaugural La Liga in 1928. During their debut La Liga season, the club were managed by Fred Pentland, but after two seasons in the Primera División they were relegated to Segunda División. They briefly returned to La Liga in 1934. But were relegated again in 1936, after Josep Samitier took over in mid-season from Pentland. Fortunately for Los Colchoneros the Spanish Civil War gave the club a reprieve, because Real Oviedo was unable to play due to the destruction of their stadium during the bombings. Thus both La Liga and Athletic's relegation were postponed, the latter by winning a playoff against CA Osasuna, champion of the Segunda División tournament.
Athletic Aviación de Madrid (1939–1947)
By 1939, when La Liga had resumed, Athletic had merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza to become Athletic Aviación de Madrid. Aviación Nacional had been founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force. They had been promised a place in the Primera División for the 1939–40 season, only to be denied by the RFEF. As a compromise this club merged with Athletic, whose squad had lost eight players in the Spanish Civil War. The team were awarded a place in the 1939–40 La Liga campaign only as a replacement for Real Oviedo. With the legendary Ricardo Zamora as manager, the club subsequently won their first La Liga title that season and then retained the title in 1941. The most influential and charismatic player of these years was the captain Germán Gómez, who was signed from Racing de Santander in 1939. He played eight consecutive seasons for 'the rojiblancos', until the 1947–48 campaign. From his centre-midfield position he formed a legendary midfield alongside Machín and Ramón Gabilondo. In 1941, a decree issued by Franco banned teams from using foreign names and the club became Atlético Aviacion de Madrid. In 1947, the club decided to drop the military association from its name and settled on its current name of Club Atlético de Madrid. The same year saw Atlético beat Real Madrid 5–0 at the Metropolitano; their biggest win over their cross-town rivals to date.
The Golden Age (1947–1965)
Under Helenio Herrera and with the help of Larbi Benbarek, Atlético won La Liga again in 1950 and 1951. With the departure of Herrera in 1953, the club began to slip behind Real Madrid and FC Barcelona and for the remainder of the 1950s they were left to battle it out with Athletic Bilbao for the title of third team in Spain.
However during the 1960s and 1970s, Atlético Madrid seriously challenged Barcelona for the position of second team. The 1957–58 season saw Fernando Daucik take charge of Atlético and he led them to second place in La Liga. This resulted in Atlético qualifying for the 1958–59 season of the European Cup since the winners, Real Madrid, were the reigning European champions. Inspired by Brazilian centre-forward Vavá and Enrique Collar, Atlético reached the semi-finals after beating Drumcondra, CSKA Sofia and Schalke. In the semi-finals, they met Real Madrid. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at the Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay and Real won 2–1 in Zaragoza.
Atlético, however, gained their revenge when, led by former Real coach José Villalonga, they defeated Real in two successive Copa del Rey finals in 1960 and 1961. In 1962 they won the European Cup Winners' Cup beating Fiorentina 3–0 after a replay. This achievement is signifficant as the Cup winners' Cup was the only major European trophy that Real Madrid never won. The following year the club reached the 1963 final, but lost to English side Tottenham Hotspur 5–1. Enrique Collar, who continued to be an influential player during this era, was now joined by the likes of midfielder Miguel Jones and midfield playmaker Adelardo.
Unfortunately for Atlético fans, their best years coincided with dominant Real Madrid teams. Between 1961 and 1980, Real Madrid dominated La Liga with the club winning the competition 14 times. During this era only Atlético offered Real any serious challenge, winning La Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. They were also runners-up in 1961, 1963 and 1965. The club had further success winning the Copa del Rey on three occasions in 1965, 1972 and 1976. In 1965, when they finished as La Liga runners-up to Real after an intense battle for the title, Atlético became the first team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years.
European Cup Finalists (1965–1974)
Significant players from this era included the now veteran Adelardo and regular goalscorers Luis Aragonés, Javier Irureta and José Eulogio Gárate. The latter won the Pichichi three times in 1969, 1970 and 1971. In the 1970s Atlético also recruited several Argentine employees, signing Rubén Ayala, Panadero Díaz and Ramón "Cacho" Heredia as well as coach Juan Carlos Lorenzo. Lorenzo believed in discipline, caution and disrupting the opponents’ game. Although controversial, his methods proved successful and after winning La Liga in 1973, the club reached the 1974 European Cup Final. On the way to the final Atlético knocked out Galatasaray, Dinamo Bucureşti, Red Star Belgrade and Celtic. In the away leg of the semi-final against Celtic, Atlético had Ayala, Díaz, and substitute Quique all sent off during a hard fought encounter in what was reported as one of the worst cases of cynical fouling the tournament has seen. Because of this cynicism they managed a 0–0 draw, which was followed by a 2–0 victory in the return leg with goals from Gárate and Adelardo. However the final at the Heysel Stadium was a loss for Atlético. Against a Bayern Munich team that included Franz Beckenbauer, Sepp Maier, Paul Breitner, Uli Hoeneß, and Gerd Müller, Atlético played above themselves. Despite missing Ayala, Díaz, and Quique through suspension, they went ahead in extra-time with only seven minutes left. Aragonés scored with a superb, curling free-kick that looked like the winner. However, in the last minute of the game Bayern defender Georg Schwarzenbeck equalized with a stunning 25 yarder that left the Atlético goalkeeper Miguel Reina motionless. In a replay, back in the Heysel, two days later Bayern won convincingly 4–0, with two goals each from Hoeneß and Müller.
Diposkan 17th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
History of Manchester City
Manchester City Football Club (also known as Man City or The Citizens) is a professional football club from England who play in the Premier League. This club is a club derby with Manchester United and is headquartered at the Etihad Stadium, Manchester.
The first game was played in November 1880. At that time still called St. Mark's (West Gorton). In 1887 changed its name to Ardwick AFC, and in 1894 became Manchester City FC
City have won the Premier League 3 times, 4 times the FA Cup, League Cup 2 times, and the European Cup Winners Cup 1 time. The club's most successful period occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. At that time the City under the tutelage of manager Joe Mercer with his assistant Malcolm Allison and some players like Colin Bell, Mike Summerbee and Francis Lee.
Beginning in the 1980s City experienced a turbulent period decline culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football league system in 1998 for the first time in their history. At the time the Premier League era was first formed in 1992, City is one of the founders. But the achievements of the club do not get better, even the City should be relegated back to the second level up to 2 times, while in the FA Cup since the passing of the Premier League, the best achievement City only until the quarter-finals.
After ending the league in the 2006-07 season in fourteenth position, next season achievements of the club began to climb. Mid-2007 the official clubs belong ambitious Thai billionaire, who also is a former Prime Minister of Thailand, Thaksin Shinawatra. But Thaksin's ownership does not last long. For alleged corruption in negeranya, finally in September 2008 Thaksin sell the club ownership to entrepreneurs who are also members of the royal family of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates is Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan then spent hundreds of millions of pounds to buy a top class player in order to be competitive club. Success followed in 2011, Manchester City qualified for the UEFA Champions League and won the FA Cup. This success culminated in winning the English Premier League 2011-12.The history of Manchester City Football Club, is inseparable from the role of a woman. In November 1865, Arthur Connell was appointed as Chief of St.Mark's Church in West Gorton, a district in the east of Manchester, England. Her daughter Anna Connell (1855-1924) took the initiative and decided to form an association that encourages the youth parish for exercise. When the level of crime and unemployment is very high. They believe that sport can unite and reduce crime in east Manchester.
1868 has been formed Cricket Team St.Mark's Church began in 1875 and cricket teams began adding football game at that time became popular.
Finally in 1880 the cricketers formed football team by the name of St.Marks (West Gordon) under the guidance of William Beastow and Anna Connell (believed to be the only woman has established a professional football club in the UK).
In 1887 they moved to a new headquarters in Hyde Road, Ardwick. Club name was changed to Ardwick A.F.C. to adjust to the new location. Ardwick began competing in Division 2 Football League in 1892. A year later, the 1893-94 season, the club's financial problems twisted and after they finally re reorganized again changes to Manchester City Football Club.
Formation Period (1875-1894)
St.Mark's (1880-1887)
St.Marks Church members from Britain, West Gorton, Manchester, established a football club which is now known as Manchester City, for humanitarian purposes. Them, trying to curb gang violence and alcoholism by forming local new activities for local men, while high unemployment also hit East Manchester, particularly Gorton.
Everyone can follow, regardless of religion, which in the 19th century is very sensitive. Anna Connell personally visit every house in the parish for the interest and involvement, both Protestant and Catholic invited to take part in new activities.
A cricket club has been formed earlier church in 1868. Anna gave suggestions to employees of the Church, William Beastow. He suspected that the daily routine of men would be better if channeled through the church-run collective game, through a new sports game, which is increasingly popular in the late 19th century called 'football'. To achieve this goal, and as part of Anna Connell desire to cure social ills, church warden William Beastow and Thomas Goodbehere start menbentuk geraja football team called St.Mark's (West Gorton), sometimes written West Gorton (St.Mark's) on the season cold 1880. Anna Connell is known as the only woman that created the major English football club.
Recorded the team's first match occurred on November 13, 1880, against the church of Macclesfield. St.Mark's wearing a black shirt with white shorts. St Marks lost the match 2-1, and only won one game during their inaugural season in 1880-81, with a victory over Stalybridge Clarence March 1881.
In 1884, the club joined with other clubs, namely Gorton Athletic. But the merger lasted only a few months before the club split again. St Mark's calling themselves by Gorton Gorton Athletic AFC temporarily turned into West Gorton Athletic. With this name change, the team gradually lost their initial touch religion, and St.Mark's name is slowly fading, the club often put St.Mark's in parentheses.
Ardwick A.F.C. (1887-1894)
In 1887, Gorton A.F.C. changed its status to professional and moved to a new place in Hyde Road Ardwick, and changed his name to Ardwick AFC to reflect the new location in the east of the city. Their first match at Hyde Road on 10 September 1887 is planned to fight Salford AFC as a "grand opening" of the new stadium. But the game was not run because Salford AFC can not compete.
In 1889 coal mine explosion disaster occurs near Hyde Road that led to the death of 23 miners. Ardwick and Newton Heath, who both later became Manchester City and Manchester United, held a friendly match under floodlights, in order to raise funds for disaster relief.
In 1885 held Manchester Cup (English: Manchester Cup) for the first time. Ardwick AFC became more widely known in 1891, after winning the Manchester Cup for the first time, beating Newton Heath 1-0 in the final.
This success affect the decision to accept Ardwick Football Alliance as a member for the 1891-1892 season. At the time of Football Alliance joined the Football League in 1892, Ardwick AFC become as one of the founding members of Division Two.
Financial problems in the 1893-1894 season led to a reorganization within the club, and Ardwick turn into Manchester City, with the official name of Manchester City Football Club Company Limited and become listed companies on 16 April 1894.
Manchester City F.C initial period (1894-1928)
The development period (1894-1898)
Starting in 1894 the club reorganized by management. Joshua manager Billy Meredith Parlby recruit 19-year-old from Northwich Victoria. "The Welsh Wizard" is so great because it has a high Talent and a good future. Billy played for the Wales national team and won the first time in 1895. However, he continued to work underground as a miner for a week until 1896, when Manchester City finally insisted that he should relinquish his coal mine employment.
The club is growing rapidly and in 1895, and has attracted more than 20,000 supporters. The supporters of Manchester City when it was known as the exuberant fans of their clubs, often channeling their enthusiasm and creates a lively atmosphere at Hyde Road, with a trumpet. Sometimes occasionally they wear fancy clothes.
In 1899, the club won the Second Division and the right promotion for the first time to the highest level in English football league at the time, Division I.
The club finally recorded his first title on April 23, 1904, by beating Bolton Wanderers 1-0 at Crystal Palace in a final of the most prestigious knockout tournament in English football, the FA Cup, or better known as the FA Cup. Clubs earned almost double in 1904 due to end the league's Division I runner-up in the 1903-1904 season.
Moving to Maine Road (1923)
In 1920, Hyde Road became the first football stadium outside London were visited by a ruling monarch. On March 27, 1920 King George V was present at Hyde Road to watch the match between Manchester City and Liverpool.
In November a fire caused by cigarette destroys the main stand and finally Manchester City began looking for a new home. Originally proposed the possibility to share with neighbors Old Trafford Stadium, Manchester United. However, the proposed lease United too expensive, so the Hyde Road repaired and the City continues to play at Hyde Road.
Plans to move from the south east Manchester to Manchester at Maine Road, Moss Side angered John Ayrton, Director of Manchester City at the time. John eventually split from the club and founded the Manchester Central FC, because they feel there should be a football team from the east Manchester.
Finally, the club plans to move to a new base at Maine Road, Moss Side was announced in 1922. The last match Manchester City at Hyde Road is a league match against Newcastle United on April 28, 1923, and in August 1923 became final football match held in Hyde Road. Manchester City start the 1923-1924 season at Maine Road, which then has a capacity of 85,000 and was dubbed the Wembley of the North.
After that some parts of Hyde Road is still used. The roof of the main stand sold to Halifax Town, and founded The Shay Stadium, where the roof of the main stand still in use. For a decade, all traces of football disappeared from Hyde Road. In 2008, the former location of the field is a bus depot, as the training ground of the driver.
In 1926 the club reached the FA Cup Final, and scored 31 goals in five games en route to the final. However, in the final match City were beaten 1-0 by Bolton Wanderers. Disappointment increases, because in the league City were relegated at the end of the season. 1928 City into the Second Division championship and promotion back to Division I.
period 1928-1965
Team of the Year 1930
In 1930 City began to be a serious contender, on various occasions in the FA Cup. In 1930 City has several well-known names such as Matt Busby who later became manager of Manchester United, goalkeeper Frank Swift with a range of up finger hand reaches 12 inches, which is still regarded as one of the best goalkeeper of all time. Then there is a striker that elusive character but prone to injury, namely Fred Tilson and highly influential captain is Sam Cowan. In a final game, before the game at the time of shaking hands, Sam Cowan told the King, saying, "Your Majesty, this is Tilson. He is today playing with a broken leg".
Cowan to captain City, replacing Jimmy McMullan. During her time as captain, City reached the FA Cup final as much as 2 times. The first was in 1933, against Everton. During the match Cowan often deal directly against Everton captain Dixie Dean. Both players are renowned for their ability to maintain their regions. Matt Busby said that "could Cowan same ball away if we kick with the foot". But Dean won in aerial combat, Everton scored the second goal with a header. Attendance Dean gave Cowan dilemma, he was torn between the determination to not leave Dean and the desire to help the next attack. Finally, Everton won 3-0.
But when Cowan received a medal as runner-up of the Duke of York, he said that he will return next year as the winner. In accordance with the words of Cowan, City returned to Wembley the following year (1934), and finally won the FA Cup, Cowan fulfill his promise. The club ended the league in 1930 at the third position, and narrowly lost to Arsenal by Herbert Chapman scored in the last minute in the semi-final of the FA Cup in 1932.
Specialist FA Cup
City earned a reputation as a specialist FA Cup in those years. In 1934, 84 559 supporters come meet Maine Road to watch City against Stoke City in the quarter-finals. The attendance record still survive to this day.
In the FA Cup final in 1934, Cowan became the first player and the only player who appeared in three City FA Cup final. He is the current captain of City's 2-1 win over Portsmouth. As team captain Cowan very responsible to motivate fellow players and keep the game tactics. In that era, a captain can be as manager, which the administration can provide input tactics.
One season after the FA Cup victory, ending the club finished fourth in the league in the 1934-35 season and failed to improve the record of the FA Cup after losing 1-0 to Tottenham in the third round. In the 1935-1936 season next City should strive to end the league in ninth position.
First League champion (1937)
City finally won the title of their first Division I league in 1937 after being runner-up twice in 1903-04 and 1920-21, and ended up in third place three times in 1904-05, 1907-08 and 1929-30. City came out as champions and the only team to score more than 100 goals, and were unbeaten for 22 games in the league.
Degraded Survived Champion (1938)
In the 1937-1938 season following them directly relegated to the second division, despite scoring more goals than any team in the league. This event is associated with a typical City syndrome. City became the only champions are degraded in the history of English football.
After one season in the Second Division, the league finally stopped because of World War II. Over a period of six years, the League introduced the War, but it is only intended as an entertainment sport intended to give encouragement to all the people in cities across the UK. Some players choose to play for City during the war and some play as a guest for other teams like Frank Swift. While Jackie Bray joined the British Royal Air Force, Royal Air Force in 1940 to assist with the war and was awarded the British Empire Medal for his services during the war.
20 years later, Manchester City, who inspired the tactics called Revie Plan made it into the final of the FA Cup in 1955. They lost in the final against Newcastle United, but next year they won the FA Cup by beating Birmingham 3-1 in the final. The final 1956 including the FA Cup final that many people remembered because in that game City goalkeeper Bert Trautmann, continues to play despite a broken collarbone suffered.
After the City sink and new surfacing when Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison was appointed to be the manager of the club duo in 1965.
period 1965-2001
Heyday (1965-1977)
In the summer of 1965, the club management point of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison as manager and assistant manager City. 1965-66 season was the third season City play in the Second Division (second tier) English football league. After Joe Mercer was appointed as a manager, they make the most important purchase in Mike Summerbee and Colin Bell. The first season under the care of Mercer, the club won the Second Division title and entitled to promotion back to Division I.
The next two seasons, 1967-1968 season, Manchester City won the first division football league for the second time England beat rivals Manchester United who are in the second position. They clinched the last party with a 4-3 win at home to Newcastle. Trophies and achievements were then began pouring in.
The following season 1968-69, they won the FA Cup back in 1969 after the final beat Leicester City 1-0. After winning the FA Cup in 1969, the City has the right to appear in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup the following season. Shown in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1969-70 season was the second time City competed in European competition, after the previous season compete in the UEFA Champions League.
1969-70 season, City listed himself as the first club from the UK who could win two domestic and European trophies in one season. In 1970 the City won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Europe for the first time by beating Górnik Zabrze 2-1 in the final. In the same season they also won the League Cup by beating West Bromwich Albion 2-1 in the final held at Wembley Stadium.
After that, throughout the early decades until the mid-1970s, the club continues to strive for achievement for the sake of interpretation. In the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971, the They only reached the semi-finals after being defeated by Chelsea.
In October 1971 Joe Mercer resigned and was replaced by Malcolm Allison. Under Allison back club championship between European clubs in the 1972-73 season by competing in the UEFA Champions League, although only got round 1. Degree obtained in the future is to become a champion Allison Charity Shield at the start of the 1972-73 season.
Rivalry with city rivals, Manchester United, always fierce. One of the many memorable party is the last party in the 1973-74 league season. Hot Derby inevitable happened at Old Trafford when both City and United must win to be safe from relegation. Former United player, Denis Law, scored the only goal City are also automatically lead to rivals United, should relegation to the second division.
Malcolm Allison resigned in March 1973 and was replaced by Johnny Hart. Hart just briefly deal with the club before being replaced temporarily by Tony Book (captain City at that time). Ron Saunders eventually became manager of the club in November 1973 until April 1974 and ultimately replaced again by the former club captain is Tony Book.
Under Tony Book, City back into League Cup in 1976 after beating Newcastle United in the final by a score of 2-1. In the 1976-77 season City almost won the Premier League after finished the league in second position, with only a difference of one point from Liverpool. At the time Tony Book, City always competed in the UEFA Champions League for three consecutive seasons, from 1976-77 to 1978-79 season.
Difficult period (1982-2001)
After a runner-up in the 1981 FA Cup, Manchester City did not produce any significant degree and just bobbing in the Premiership. They only promotion to the top division, but then again relegated to the second division.
1982-83 season the club ended the league in 20th position, thus causing them to be relegated to the second division. After two seasons playing in the second division, the 1985-86 season they returned to the first division, but they are relegated to the second division two seasons later after the league ended the 1986-87 season in the top-21. City 1989-90 season returned to play in the first division, and had played steady with always ends the league in 5th position in two consecutive seasons.
1992-93 season begins a new era with the name Premier League (English: Premier League) where the City became one of the club's founders. But traveling club in the Premier League era is not going smoothly, even tends to continue to decline. The peak was in the 1998-99 season they were relegated and have to play up to the third division (now named: Football League One). Upon the arrival of David Bernstein in March 1998 as the new chairman, the City began to improve. Luckily, they only played one season in division 3 and then promotion to Division 2 (now named: Football League Championship).
Diposkan 16th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
History of Barcelona
Fútbol Club Barcelona, also known as Barcelona or Barca, is a professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan, players led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. This is the second richest football club in the world in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of $ 613 million and the third most valuable, worth $ 2.6 billion. Barcelona's official national anthem is the "Cant del Barça" written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinas.
The club entered into a participant Primera División (First Division) since 1928, and together Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao into a team that never relegated to the Segunda División (Division Two). The club is also a club that won the Spanish league first. By offering 21 Spanish League titles, 25 Copa del Rey titles, 10 Spanish Super Cup titles, 4 European Champions League titles, four UEFA Cup, four UEFA Super Cup, FC Barcelona became one of the most successful team in Spain, Europe, and the world . The most tangible evidence when in 2009 FC Barcelona became the first Spanish club who won the title Treble (La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League). Followed by winning the title of the Spanish Super Cup, European Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup to complete his title became Sextuples achievement. Barcelona is the first football club in the world who do this achievement. Barca fans also often called Cules.
Barcelona is one of the most supported team in the world, and has the largest fanbase among all major sports teams in all social networks (with more than 47 million fans on Facebook, around 10 million followers on Twitter, and more than 6 million in Google+) . The Barca players have won a record number of the Ballon d'Or (10), and a record number of awards the FIFA World Player of the Year (7). In 2010, the club made history when three players who have come through his academy (Messi, Iniesta & Xavi) was selected as the three best players in the world, after bagging the top spot in the FIFA Ballon d'Or, an unprecedented achievement for a player of school the same football.
support
Cules nickname for Barcelona supporter is derived from the Catalan cul (English: ass), as spectators at the first stadium, Camp de la Industria, sat with their culs over the stand. in Spain, approximately 25% of the population is said to be Barça sympathizers, second behind Real Madrid, supported by 32% of the population. Throughout Europe, Barcelona is the favorite second choice club. Total membership of this club has seen a significant increase from 100,000 in the 2003-04 season to 170,000 in September 2009, a sharp rise caused by the influence of Ronaldinho and media strategy then president Joan Laporta focused on Spanish and English online media.
In addition to membership, as of June 2010 there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, worldwide. Fan clubs promote Barcelona in their territory and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. The club has had many prominent persons among its supporters, including Pope John Paul II, who was an honorary member, and former Spanish prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. FC Barcelona has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund.
rivalry club
El Clásico
In a national league in the country, there is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Real Madrid and Barcelona is known as the "Classic Meeting" (El Clásico). Since the beginning of the national competition begins, the two clubs are often seen as a reflection / representative of two different regions in Spain: Catalonia and Castilla, as well as of the two cities. This competition reflects a variety of things, including political and cultural tensions between Catalunya and Castilla which is a general overview of the Spanish Civil War.
During the era of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and especially of Francisco Franco (1939-1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All regional languages are spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilla), officially banned. Symbolize the people's desire for freedom Catalunya make Barcelona become "more than just a football club" (més que un club) for the Catalan people. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barcelona. It is less risky than joining the anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissatisfaction.
On the other hand, Real Madrid was widely seen as the embodiment of the sovereign centralism and the fascist regime at management level and below. Santiago Bernabeu who became president of the club is a fighter for los nacionales. However, during the Spanish Civil War, members of both clubs such as Josep Sunyol (Barcelona) and Rafael Sánchez Guerra (Real Madrid) gave up in the hands of Franco supporters.
During 1950, the competition is worsened when there is a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo Di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success. In the 1960s, the two clubs met in the Champions League then more than twice, and in 2002, a meeting between European clubs was dubbed the "Match of the Century" by Spanish media, and was watched by more than 500 million people worldwide.
El derby Barceloní
Local rivals Barca always Espanyol. Blanc -I- Blaus, became one of the clubs granted royal patronage, was founded exclusively by Spanish football fans, unlike the multinational nature of Barça main board. Book club founder was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they do not agree saw FC Barcelona as a foreign team. Competition was strengthened by what Catalonians saw as a provocative representative of Madrid. Their native land in the affluent district of Sarrià.
Traditionally, especially during the Franco regime, Espanyol seen by most citizens of Barcelona as a club which cultivated a kind of compliance to the central authority, in stark contrast to the revolutionary spirit of Barca. In 1918 Espanyol started a counter - petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Then, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish civil war, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, DerbERBI always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona because of the difference in purpose. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.
Although it is the most played local derby in La Liga history, is also the most unbalanced, with Barcelona very dominant. In the league table, Espanyol have only managed to end above Barça on three occasions in almost 70 years and only all - Catalan Copa del Rey final was won by Barça in 1957. Espanyol has the consolation of achieving the largest margin win with a 6-0 in 1951. Espanyol achieve a 2-1 win against Barça during the 2008-09 season, becoming the first team to beat Barcelona at Camp Nou in the treble season - their victory.
achievement
On August 28, 2013, Barcelona has won 22 La Liga, 26 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the People of four competitions. They also have won four of the Champions League, a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, four UEFA Super Cups and two FIFA Club World Cup record. They also won the Cup a record three Inter - Cities Fairs, considered the predecessor to the UEFA Cup - European League.
Barcelona is the only European club to Have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of the three clubs To Do never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. In the same year, also mmenjadi first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, Malthus completing the sextuple, Comprising the treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.
Diposkan 16th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
History of Chelsea
Chelsea Football Club is an English football club based in Fulham, London. Chelsea was founded in 1905 and is now competing in the Premier League.
Throughout the history of the appearance in the world of football in England and Europe, this club has won four Premier League titles, seven FA Cups, four League Cups, one UEFA Champions League trophy, two UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Europa League and the Super Cup UEFA. Their home stadium Stamford Bridge, with a capacity of 41 837 spectators seats, has been used as the home stadium since Chelsea established. Since 2003, Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich is owned by a Russian billionaire.
The first successes when Chelsea won the league title in 1955. Some of the titles of the various competitions are also achieved in the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. In the period of the last fifteen years is the best period of Chelsea's success; which closed with the first double winner title, English Premier League and the FA Cup in 2010 and the UEFA Champions League title in 2012.
The main costume Chelsea jerseys and pants are royal blue with white socks. That combination has been used since the 1960s. Club crest has been changed several times in attempts to modernize and transform imaging. Coat which is now used, which display a ceremonial lion holding a stick, is a modification of a symbol that was used in the 1950s. The average number of spectators the league in the 2011-12 season home games as much as 41 478 spectators, the sixth-highest number in the Premier League.
In 1904 H.A. Mears acquired athletics stadium Stamford Bridge with the aim of changing into a football stadium. He then planned establishment of a new football club after the bid given to Fulham to use the stadium was rejected. Considering there has been a club named Fulham, Chelsea name which is a small town adjacent to the stadium chosen as the name of the new club. Other names such as Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC could be considered for selection. Chelsea was founded by on March 10, 1905 at a pub The Rising Sun (now The Butcher's Hook restaurant) and was first played in the Football League competition.
John Robertson a Scottish national team players 28 years old when it selected concurrent position first player-manager of Chelsea. A number of players were recruited from various clubs to strengthen the team, as a goalkeeper William "Fatty" Foulke from Sheffield United, Jimmy Windridge and Bob McRoberts from Small Heath and Frank Pearson from Manchester City. Their first match occurred on September 2, 1905, an away game face Stockport County. Chelsea lost by a score of 0-1. While their first home game was a 4-0 victory in a friendly match against Liverpool. Robertson is also the first goal scorer in competitive matches while Chelsea's 1-0 win over Blackpool.
Chelsea suffered a number of promotion-degragasi in Division One and Division Two League after won promotion to Division One in their second season. Their best achievement in the early years was successfully drove up to the FA Cup final in 1915 but lost to Sheffield United at Old Trafford and he ended Division One in the top three final standings in 1920. Chelsea has a reputation for bringing famous players and the number of spectators who great, but success is still not up to them in times of World War I and II.
Former Arsenal and England striker Ted Drake became manager in 1952. Drake began to modernize the club both on and off the field. He changed the logo Chelsea pensioner, improve system training and coaching young team, and strengthen the depth of the team with the shrewdness to bring a number of players from the lower divisions and amateur leagues to successfully bring Chelsea won their first championship trophy, title Premier League Division One 1954-55. In the following season, UEFA championship held between the champions of Europe, the Champions Cup, but the disapproval authority of the English Football League and the FA Chelsea withdrew from the tournament before it begins. Chelsea failed to continue the success and the only way into the mid-table league in the 1950s. Drake was fired in 1961 and was replaced by Tommy Docherty who doubled the player-manager.Chelsea back into the Premier League champions 50 years later, in 2005, the manager Jose Mourinho's tenure (2004-2007), who was fully supported by national oil billionaire Russian owner, Roman Abramovich.
In the same year (2005), Chelsea also won the Carling Cup by beating Liverpool. Subsequently in 2006, Chelsea won the Premiership. And in 2007, Chelsea also won the Carling Cup back after beating Arsenal 2-1 and became champion of the FA Cup after beating Manchester United 1-0 in extra time.
But due to some poor performances at the start of the competition 2007/2008 coupled with the discrepancy with the owner, Jose Mourinho has finally resigned as manager, and then was replaced by Avram Grant former Israeli national team manager.
At the beginning of the coaching period Grant, many people are looking at him eye. However, Avram Grant was able to bring Chelsea to treble the runner-up is in the Carling Cup before losing to Tottenham Hotspur 2-1. Followed by a runner-up in the Premier League under Manchester United and was runner-up in the Champions League after losing 6-5 on penalties to Manchester United. However, these achievements are considered not good enough so that Grant was forced to be fired at the end of the season.
In late January 2009, Avram Grant was replaced by Brazilian coach Luiz Felipe Scolari. However, Scolari also not able to provide satisfactory progress. So at the end of April 2009 suffered the same fate with Grant. Chelsea manager vacant position is then filled by Russia's coach, Guus Hiddink, until the end of the 2008-09 season. At the end of May, before leaving Chelsea, Guus Hiddink gives sweet memories to bring Chelsea's FA Cup fifth.
At the beginning of the 2009-10 season, Chelsea announced as the new manager Carlo Ancelotti, the contract period for 3 seasons. Ancelotti directly Chelsea won the title with a 2009 Community Shield after beating Manchester United on penalties. Victory on penalties is a first for Chelsea since 1998, when Chelsea face Ipswich Town in the League Cup. At the end of the season, Chelsea won the Premier League and FA Cup, which is the first achievement in the history of Chelsea. Chelsea also became the club managed to get a record seventh title marry the Double winners. Chelsea striker Didier Drogba managed to get the Golden Boot as top scorer with 29 goals nicks. In the last league match on May 9, 2010, Chelsea humiliated Wigan with a score of 8-0 with Drogba scoring 3 goals. Chelsea also won an absolute record of 100% for all four Premier League teams (Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal). In the second season, Ancelotti was sacked Chelsea in May 2011 after a 1-0 defeat of Everton in the final game of the 2010-11 season.At the beginning of the 2011-12 season, André Villas-Boas was appointed as coach of Chelsea. After a number of poor results experienced by Chelsea, Villas-Boas was sacked in March 2012. His assistant, Roberto Di Matteo, a former Chelsea player was appointed as interim principal trainer. Under the direction of Di Matteo Chelsea showed impressive results with successfully won the FA Cup for the seventh time and the UEFA Champions League for the first time in club history-which also became the first London club to win the title. In winning the 2012-13 UEFA Europa League, Chelsea became the first English club to win all four trophies Europe.
Diposkan 15th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
This is the history of Associazione Calcio Milan , commonly referred to as A.C. Milan or simply Milan (
Italian pronunciation:
[ˈmiːlan] ), an Italian professional football club based in Milan , Lombardy.
Foundation and early years
Associazione Calcio Milan was founded on 16 December 1899 by Alfred Edwards and Herbert Kilpin (from Nottingham , England) as the Milan Cricket and Football Club. [1] Edwards, a former British vice-consul in Milan and well-known personality of the Milanese high society, was the club's first elected president. Initially the team included a cricket section, managed by Edward Berra , and a football section managed by David Allison.
The official colours chosen were red and black. Immediately the team gained relevant notability under Herbert Kilpin 's guide. The first trophy to be won was the Medaglia del Re (King's Medal) on January 1900, and the team later won three national leagues, in 1901, 1906 and 1907. The triumph of 1901 was particularly relevant because it ended the consecutive series of wins of Genoa , which had been the only team to have won prior to 1901.
In 1908, issues over the signing of foreign players led to a split and the formation of F.C. Internazionale Milano .
1910 - 1949
In 1916, Milan won the Federal Cup, a national trophy which had replaced the Italian league, suspended because of World War I. This cup was never recognized as an Italian title.
In 1919, the team changed its name to Milan Football Club. After their first triumphs, Milan was unable to continue with their former high-level success, obtaining only a number of half-table placements, even if always playing in the top Italian division.
In 1939 the fascist regime imposed a new italianized name, Associazione Calcio Milano, for the team. However, that name was abandoned immediately after the World War II, but maintaining the initial part: the team was called Associazione Calcio Milan, which is the current official name.
1950s
In the post-war period, Milan was among the three top Italian teams, and won the Scudetto in 1951 – the first time since 1907. Il Grande Milan included the famous Gre-No-Li , a trio of Swedish players composed by Gunnar Gren , Gunnar Nordahl and Nils Liedholm who were Olympic winners. That team also fielded quality players such as Lorenzo Buffon , Cesare Maldini and Carlo Annovazzi .
Perhaps the most resounding victory of this period was the 7–1 defeat of Juventus in Turin on 5 February 1950, with Gunnar Nordahl bagging a hat-trick.
After the 1951 Scudetto, Milan won another three Serie A seasons, in 1955, 1957 and 1959, and two Latin Cups, in 1951 and 1956. In the end, Milan always placed among the top three teams from 1947/48 to 1956/57.
1960s
1969 European Cup Final starting lineup.
Milan returned to win a football league in 1961/62. Its manager was Nereo Rocco , an innovative football coach, known as inventor of the catenaccio tactic. The team included a young Gianni Rivera and José Altafini . The following season, thanks also to Altafini's goals, Milan won their first European Cup (later known as UEFA Champion League) by defeating Benfica 2–1. This was also the first time an Italian team won the European Cup.
Despite that, during the 1960s Milan won less trophies, mainly because of the heavy concurrence of Helenio Herrera 's Inter. Its next Scudetto arrived only in 1967/68, thanks to the goals of Pierino Prati , the Serie A topscorer in that season, as well as the Cup Winners' Cup , won against Hamburger SV thanks to the two goals of Kurt Hamrin . The next season Milan won its second European Cup (4–1 to AFC Ajax ), and in 1969 won its first Intercontinental Cup , after having defeated Estudiantes de La Plata of Argentina in two dramatic legs (3–0, 1–2).
1970s
In the 1970s, Milan won three Italian Cups and its second Cup Winners' Cup during the 72–73 season. Greek referee Christos Michas , who officiated the final, was later sentenced of match fixing in his home country, though no involvement by Milan was ever proved. The real goal of the Rossoneri was the tenth Scudetto, which would have awarded the first stella ("star") to the team. In 1972 they reached the semi-final of the UEFA Cup losing to eventual cup winners Tottenham Hotspur . A strong 1972/73 season provided their first opportunity for the tenth Scudetto, but ultimately proved a failure after a humiliating defeat against Hellas Verona on the last day of the season.
Milan had to wait until 1978/79 to win their tenth Scudetto, primarily being led by Gianni Rivera who retired from football after this final triumph.
However, the worst was yet to come for the Rossoneri: after the 1979/80 season, Milan was relegated to Serie B by the Football Federation, together with S.S. Lazio , because of a betting scandal. [2]
1980s
1989 European Cup Final starting lineup.
Marco van Basten was part of the Dutch trio that brought glory back to Milan.
In 1980–81, Milan easily won the Serie B, and returned to Serie A, where it would suffer its worst season ever, in 1981/82, being relegated once again.
After several different financial troubles had caused bad times and a lack of success, Milan was bought on 20 February 1986 by Silvio Berlusconi , a Milanese entrepreneur. Berlusconi brought in a rising coach, Arrigo Sacchi , and three Dutch players, Marco van Basten , Frank Rijkaard and Ruud Gullit , to return the team to glory. He also signed some Italian stars: Roberto Donadoni , Carlo Ancelotti and Giovanni Galli .
Sacchi won the 1987–88 scudetto after a great recovery over Diego Maradona 's S.S.C. Napoli . In 1988–89, Milan won its third European Cup, defeating Steaua Bucuresti 4–0 in the final, and its second Intercontinental cup against National de Medellin (1–0, goal in the last minute of extra time).
1990s
AC Milan starting lineup who defeated FC Barcelona in Athens in the UEFA Champions League final on 18 May 1994
The team repeated their International Cup triumph the following season, against Benfica (1–0), and earned its second Intercontinental Cup in a row and third overall beating Olimpia Asunción in 1990. Their European winning line-up was: Giovanni Galli; Mauro Tassotti, Alessandro Costacurta, Franco Baresi, Paolo Maldini; Angelo Colombo, Frank Rijkaard, Carlo Ancelotti, Roberto Donadoni; Ruud Gullit, Marco van Basten. During this period the team was nicknamed Gli Immortali ("The Immortals").
With Sacchi leaving Milan to coach the Italy national football team , Fabio Capello was hired and under him, the Rossoneri kept being successful and came to be known as Gli Invicibili ("The Invincibles"). With an unprecedented 58-match run with no defeats the Invincibili team had the likes of Franco Baresi , Alessandro Costacurta and Paolo Maldini commanding one of the best defences in history, with Marcel Desailly and Roberto Donadoni in midfield and Dejan Savićević , Zvonimir Boban , and Daniele Massaro playing in attack.
In addition to three consecutive scudetti (from 1992 to 1994, including the feat of not losing a single match in the 1991/92 season), Milan reached the Champions League final for three consecutive years: in 1993 they were defeated by Olympique de Marseille ; this match was disputed by a match-fixing scandal in the French league involving Marseille's then club president. In 1994 it was F.C. Barcelona who experienced the taste of defeat, after a famous 4–0 win at the hands of the Rossoneri; and in the 1995 finals, Milan were again defeated, this time by Ajax . Then, in 1995–96, led by famous world-class players such as Roberto Baggio , Marco Simone and George Weah , Milan gained their fifteenth Italian Championship. Milan's primary line-up under Capello (1996): Sebastiano Rossi; Christian Panucci , Alessandro Costacurta, Franco Baresi, Paolo Maldini; Roberto Donadoni, Demetrio Albertini, Marcel Desailly; Zvonimir Boban; George Weah, Roberto Baggio.
1996 – 1997
After the departure of Fabio Capello in 1996, Milan recruited Oscar Washington Tabarez but they struggled under the new manager and were winless in their first few opening matches. In an attempt to regain former glories they brought back Arrigo Sacchi to replace Tabarez. The team suffered their worst Serie A defeat, humiliated by Juventus at their own home of San Siro with a 1–6 score. Milan signed new players like Ibrahim Ba , Christophe Dugarry and Edgar Davids . Milan struggled and shockingly ended the Season 1996–97 in eleventh place in Serie-A.
1997–1998
Sacchi was replaced with the returning Capello in the following season. Capello's new Milan signed many potential players like Christian Ziege , Patrick Kluivert , Jesper Blomqvist , and Leonardo but the results were even worse than the season before. They ended Season 1997–98 an improved tenth place. This was still unacceptable and Capello, like Sacchi, was fired.
1998–1999
In their search for a new manager, Alberto Zaccheroni attracted Milan's attention. Zaccheroni was the manager of Udinese who had ended the Season 1997–98 on a high note in 3rd place. Milan signed Zaccheroni along with two of his players at Udinese, Oliver Bierhoff and Thomas Helveg . Milan also signed Roberto Ayala , Luigi Sala and Andres Guglielminpietro and with a 3–4–3 formation, Zaccheroni brought the club's 16th Scudetto back to Milan. The winning line-up was: Christian Abbiati; Luigi Sala, Alessandro Costacurta, Paolo Maldini; Thomas Helveg, Demetrio Albertini, Massimo Ambrosini, Andres Guglielminpietro; Zvonimir Boban, George Weah, Oliver Bierhoff.
1999–2000
Despite success in the previous season, Zaccheroni failed to transform Milan to the great team it used to be. The following season, despite the emergence of Ukraine's great Andriy Shevchenko , Milan disappointed their fans in both the Champions League and Serie A. Milan exited the Champions League early, only winning one out of six matches (three draws and two losses) and ended the Season 1999/00 in the 3rd place. Milan was never a challenge to the top two contenders to the Scudetto, Lazio and Juventus.
2000s
2000–2001
The following season, Milan qualified for the UEFA Champions League 2000-01 by defeating Dinamo Zagreb to a 6–1 aggregate. Milan started the Champions League at a high note, defeating Beşiktaş J.K. from Turkey and Spanish giants Barcelona, who at the time consisted of international world-class superstars in Rivaldo and Patrick Kluivert. But Milan's form began to seriously decline, drawing against a number of teams (which are seen as technically inferior to Milan), but mainly losing by a 3–0 scoreline to Juventus in Serie A and 1–0 to Leeds United of England. In the Champions League second round, Milan only won once and drew four times. They failed to beat Deportivo de La Coruña from Spain in the last game and Zaccheroni was fired. Cesare Maldini , the father of team captain Paolo, was appointed and things immediately got better. Maldini's official coaching debut at Milan started with a 4–0 win over A.S. Bari , who still had the young gun, Antonio Cassano . It was also under Maldini's leadership that Milan defeated their city rivals Internazionale with an outstanding score of 6–0, a score which has never been repeated and in which Serginho starred in the match. However, after this peak of form, Milan started losing again including a disappointing 1–0 defeat to Vicenza , with the only goal in the match scored by a young Luca Toni . In spite of these results, the Milan board of directors were adamant that Milan reach the fourth place in the league at the end of the season but Maldini failed and the team ended 6th.
2001–2002
Milan started their 2001–02 campaign by signing more star players including Javi Moreno and Cosmin Contra who took Deportivo Alavés to the final round of the UEFA Cup . They also signed Kakha Kaladze (from Dynamo Kyiv ), Rui Costa (from AC Fiorentina ), Filippo Inzaghi (from Juventus ), Martin Laursen (from Verona ), Jon Dahl Tomasson (from Feyenoord ), Ümit Davala (from Galatasaray ), Andrea Pirlo (from Inter ). Fatih Terim was appointed manager, replacing Cesare Maldini, and had moderate success. However, after five months in the club, Milan was nowhere near the top five in the league and Terim was sacked for failing to meet the board of directors' expectations. He was replaced by Carlo Ancelotti , despite rumours that Franco Baresi would be the new manager. Despite the injury problems of full-back Paolo Maldini, Ancelotti was successful and ended the Season 2001–02 in fourth, earning a place in the Champions League. Milan's starting line at that point was Christian Abbiati; Cosmin Contra, Alessandro Costacurta, Martin Laursen, Kakha Kaladze; Gennaro Gattuso, Demetrio Albertini, Serginho; Rui Costa; Andriy Shevchenko, Filippo Inzaghi.
2002–2003 (3rd in Serie A, Champions of Europe)
Milan ended the season with their sixth Champions League trophy in 2003 . En route to the final in Manchester, England , Milan beat their cross city rivals Inter in the semi-finals and they ended the competition on a glorious note by beating their other Italian rival, Juventus, in a dramatic penalty shoot-out. That same season, Milan placed third in Serie A. They also won the Coppa Italia and European Super Cup . Champions League winning starting line-up was: Dida; Alessandro Costacurta, Alessandro Nesta, Paolo Maldini, Kakha Kaladze; Gennaro Gattuso, Andrea Pirlo, Clarence Seedorf; Rui Costa; Andriy Shevchenko, Filippo Inzaghi. Then the following season, Milan signed Kaká . The team earned the nickname I Meravigliosi ("The Amazings").
2003–2004 (Champions in Serie-A, Quarter Finals in European Cup)
May 2004: celebrating the 17th scudetto in piazza del Duomo
Milan set a points record to win the scudetto with a team that was largely kept constant for at least five years. An attack spearheaded by Shevchenko, playmaking by Kaká, and defence with Nesta and Maldini. Milan's season was not perfect as they were beaten by Deportivo La Coruna 0–4 in the quarter finals of the European Cup after winning 4–1 in the San Siro. Despite being Italian champions, Milan showed, as some critics said, weak midfield character that would repeat itself in the European Cup final in the following season. Nevertheless, the squad proved successful and able to express a brilliant style of play for many months.
2004–2005 (2nd in Serie A, 2nd in European Cup)
Hernán Crespo , on loan from Chelsea F.C. , proved to be a solid signing. Massimo Ambrosini scored an incredible late goal against PSV . However, the season ended in disastrous defeat in Istanbul 's Atatürk Stadium . In 2005 , Milan let a 3–0 half time lead in their Champions League Final against Liverpool F.C. of England slip to a 3–3 draw. They conceded 3 second half goals in a span of 6 minutes, before losing on penalties. The nightmare of La Coruna was now replaced with a new nightmare of Istanbul. Milan ended the season being 2nd in the League and won the Italian Super Cup , defeating Lazio. 2004–05 could be summed up as another solid season, but Liverpool won the European Cup and Juventus was the champion of Italy.
2005–2006 (3rd in Serie A, Semi Finals in European Cup)
Milan's Serie A campaign appeared to be one of their most successful in recent years. The team ended the season with a league high 28 wins, but could not edge Juventus in the standings thanks to their (at the time) record setting pace of 91 points. However all this success was nullified by the Calciopoli scandal. Milan were named in the Serie A scandal of 2006 and deprived of 44 out of the 88 points they gained in Serie A 2005–06. In addition, Milan would start their 2006–07 campaign with minus 15 points. Later, however, these point deductions were reduced, to 30 and minus 8 respectively, giving Milan the chance to compete in UEFA Champions League 2006–07.
Milan's efforts in the Champions League that year also proved close, but ultimately unsuccessful. After coming out on top of their group, Milan advanced to the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League 2005–06 , first defeating Bayern München of Germany on aggregate and then France's Olympique Lyonnais 3–1 on aggregate. Advancing to the semi-finals of the competition, they were defeated by eventual champion Barcelona 0–1 on aggregate, where Milan striker Andriy Shevchenko had a goal controversially disallowed, thus ending their Champions League run for that season.
2006–2007 (4th in Serie A, Won UEFA Champions League)
Milan's Serie A campaign began with the aforementioned −8 points penalty resulting from the Calciopoli Scandal. After a lackluster first half of the season which saw Milan hover at the center of the standings, several January transfers (including World Cup winner Massimo Oddo , and Brazilian legend Ronaldo ) reinvigorated the club. By the end of the campaign, Milan surged up the table to finish fourth, thus assuring their participation for the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League.
While their Serie A campaign proved moderately successful, the 2006–07 season is best remembered for the team's performance in the Champion's League . The penalties imposed after the Calciopoli scandal resulted in Milan being seeded third in the final 2005–06 Serie A table. Thus the team was forced to play in the Champion's League Qualifiers against former European champion Red Star Belgrade . Milan were victorious in the qualifier and advanced to the group phase which they would eventually win.
A.C. Milan starting lineup against Liverpool F.C. in Athens.
Milan survived a first round fight, defeating Celtic F.C. (eventual champions of Scottish Premier League ) 1–0 on aggregate after an extra time goal by Kaká . Milan would go on to defeat Bayern München 4–2 on aggregate (2–2 at San Siro and 2–0 at Allianz Arena ).
With the win over Bayern, Milan was propelled to the Champions League semi-finals. This marked the third consecutive and fourth time in five years that AC Milan has reached the final four of the competition. The first leg of the semi-final was played against Manchester United at Old Trafford . Manchester scored early on a goal from Cristiano Ronaldo , but Milan answered back thanks to a brace from Kaká, taking a 1–2 lead at half time. Manchester United would ultimately prove victorious thanks to two 2nd half goals from striker Wayne Rooney . This match was regarded by the media and UEFA President Michel Platini as the greatest match in recent memories.[ citation needed ] The second leg of the Semi Final was played at San Siro on 2 May. Milan played a near perfect first half taking a 2–0 lead into halftime with goals from Kaká and Clarence Seedorf . A 78-minute goal by Alberto Gilardino sealed the victory for the home side.
Milan advanced to the UEFA Champions League final , pitting them in a rematch against their 2005 finals opponent Liverpool. The match was played at the Olympic Stadium in Athens, Greece, on 23 May 2007, with Milan prevailing 2–1 with both goals coming from Filippo Inzaghi . With the victory, the club affirmed its status as one of the powerhouses of European football, with three European Cup final appearances in five years, including two victories.
2007–2008 (5th in Serie A, Eliminated First Knockout Round in Europe, Won FIFA Club World Cup)
Hot off the heels of winning a seventh Champions League title, Milan continued their international success by winning the 2007 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla FC in a game marked with sadness over the recent on-field death of Sevilla player Antonio Puerta . Milan's Champions League success also made the club eligible to compete in the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup where they would win their 18th officially recognized international trophy – tied for most club international trophies in the world. Ironically, Milan won their 18th title in a match against Boca Juniors , the team they are tied with in total international trophies.
However, these two trophies only served as consolation for a very disappointing season for Milan. The club had a slow start in Serie A, often finding it difficult to score after a pre-season injury to Ronaldo . This coupled with their aging backline and some deteriorating performances by Dida, found the club in mid table for much of the season. New signing Alexandre Pato was a bright light for an otherwise dark season for Milan. By the end of the Serie A campaign, Fiorentina edged Milan out for fourth place in the standings and thus Milan failed to qualify for the 2008–09 Champions League – their first failure since the 2001–02 season.
Milan's involvement in the 2007–08 edition of the UEFA Champions League was also forgettable. While the club won its group, they were quickly eliminated by a much younger opponent, Arsenal F.C. in the first knockout round. Prior to this season, Milan had made it to at least the quarterfinals of every Champions League going back to the 2002–03 edition.
2008–2009 (3rd in Serie A, Eliminated First Knockout Round in UEFA CUP)
After a poor domestic season that finally resulted in Milan missing out on the Champions League , the club made numerous additions during the offseason signing Ronaldinho , Andriy Shevchenko , Gianluca Zambrotta , Marco Borriello and Mathieu Flamini , amongst others. They also added international sensation David Beckham during the January transfer window on loan from MLS's Los Angeles Galaxy . The season started poorly with two consecutive losses. However the team bounced back, rising to first spot in the table for one week in the first half of the season, before dropping behind Inter (who would go on to win their fourth straight Serie A championship).
The team also fared poorly in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup competition. After winning their group and advancing to the knockout stage, the team was eliminated by eventual UEFA Cup finalist Werder Bremen .
Perhaps the most notable aspect of the 2008–09 season was the retirement of footballing legend Paolo Maldini who played each of his club games for Milan, in a career that spanned a remarkable 25 years.
2009–2010 (3rd in Serie A, Eliminated First Knockout Round in Europe)
The season started with the dismissal of the head coach Carlo Ancelotti , the new appointed Head Coach was Leonardo . During the transfer season, the club's mayor activity was the sale of Kaka for 64.5 Million Euro's to Spanish team Real Madrid C.F.
The start of the season was not so good, they were not able to win several matches, and the fans were really uncomfortable with the results. But the results started to change in the victory against A.S. Roma , and the crucial victory over Real Madrid, in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium . The season included the resurgence of Ronaldinho , Marco Borriello , and the new players as Luca Antonini or Ignazio Abate . Although the Rossoneri achieved some important results, they were eliminated from the Uefa Champions League , by English club Manchester United F.C. ; and lost the Serie A race to F.C. Internazionale Milano , and A.S. Roma and subsequently finished 3rd.. At the end of the season, the coach Leonardo resigned, despite A.C. Milan's wishes to keep the manager.
2010s
2010–2011 (1st in Serie A, Eliminated First Knockout Round in Europe)
Following a season of relative disappointment, with regards to signings and results, president Berlusconi enforced Milan with the signings of Zlatan Ibrahimović in loan deal from FC Barcelona , Robinho from Manchester City F.C. for €18 million and Kevin-Prince Boateng on loan from Genoa. Following the resignation of Leonardo, Milan appointed Massimiliano Allegri previously head coach of Cagliari Calcio .
Following a mixed start to the season (including a 4–0 win against Lecce, draws against Catania and Lazio, and a loss to Cesena), Milan started performing well, and soon reached the top of the table from November onwards. The new signings of Ibrahimovic and Robinho paid dividends. Along with Pato, the three would score 19 goals between them (Ibrahimovic 9, Robinho 6, Pato 4) by the end of the 2010 calendar year. The defensive partnership of Alessandro Nesta and Thiago Silva in front of Christian Abbiati in goal also gave Milan Serie A's best defence.
By the end of 2010, and the beginning of 2011, Milan had faced an injury crisis that had seen players Andrea Pirlo , Massimo Ambrosini , Filippo Inzaghi , Gianluca Zambrotta , Kevin-Prince Boateng , Daniele Bonera , Luca Antonini , Alexandre Pato and Alessandro Nesta all injured. The team would then be enforced during the winter transfer period with the signings of Antonio Cassano , Mark Van Bommel , Urby Emanuelson , Dídac Vilà and Nicola Legrottaglie . The signing of Cassano had also paved way for the exit of Ronaldinho – who joined Rio de Janeiro-based side Flamengo of Brazil. However, many of these signings had already participated in the Champions League earlier in the season – meaning that they were cup-tied, unable to play for Milan in that edition of the Champions League. This, coupled with the numerous injuries resulted in Milan's elimination from the Champions League at the hands of English side Tottenham Hotspur in the first knockout round. However, on a domestic level, Milan continued to put in strong performances, including convincing wins against Inter and Napoli – the league's other title-contenders. Following a 0–0 draw with Roma on 7 May, Milan mathematically claimed their 18th Scudetto. [3]
In the 2012–13 Champions League knockout round, Milan won their home leg 2–0 over Barcelona. [4]
Diposkan 14th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
This is the history of Football Club Internazionale Milano , commonly referred to as Internazionale or simply Inter, and colloquially known as Inter Milan outside of Italy, a professional Italian football club based in Milan , Lombardy .
First Inter side to win the scudetto, in 1909–10
Foundation and early years (1908–1922)
The club was founded on 9 March 1908 as Foot-Ball Club Internazionale, following a "schism" from the Milan Cricket and Football Club (44 members). A group of Italians and Swiss (Giorgio Muggiani, a painter who also designed the club's logo; Bossard; Lana; Bertoloni; De Olma; Enrico Hintermann; Arturo Hintermann; Carlo Hintermann; Pietro Dell'Oro; Hugo and Hans Rietmann; Voelkel; Maner; Wipf; and Carlo Ardussi) were unhappy about the domination of Italians in the Milan team, and broke away from them, leading to the creation of Internazionale. The name of the club derives from the wish of its founding members to accept foreign players as well as Italians.
"Questa notte splendida darà i colori al nostro stemma: il nero e l'azzurro sullo sfondo d'oro delle stelle. Si chiamerà Internazionale, perchè noi siamo fratelli del mondo."
—9 March 1908, Milan [1]
"This wonderful night will give us the colours for our crest: black and blue against a backdrop of gold stars. It will be called Internazionale [International], because we are brothers of the world."
—9 March 1908, Milan
The club won its very first Scudetto (championship) in 1910 and its second in 1920. The captain and coach of the first Scudetto was Virgilio Fossati , who was killed in World War I .
After early years (1922–1960)
Giuseppe Meazza made 408 appearances for Inter. He is the all-time top scorer of the club, with 284 goals
In 1922 Inter were in Group B of the CCI First Division and came in last place after picking up only 11 points in the season. Inter remained in the top league after winning two salvation play-offs.
In 1928, during the Fascist era, the club was forced to merge with the Unione Sportiva Milanese and was renamed Società Sportiva Ambrosiana. [2] They wore white shirts around this time with a red cross emblazoned on it. This shirt design was inspired by the flag and coat of arms of the city of Milan, which in turn derives from the flag of the patron saint of Milan, St. Ambrose and dates back to the 4th century AD. The new upcoming President Oreste Simonotti decided to change name to Associazione Sportiva Ambrosiana in 1929. However, supporters continued to call the team Inter, and in 1931 (after U.S. Milanese reconstitution) new president Pozzani caved to shareholder pressure and changed the name to Associazione Sportiva Ambrosiana-Inter.
Their first Coppa Italia (Italian Cup) was won in 1938–39, led by the great legend Giuseppe Meazza , for whom the San Siro stadium is officially named, and a fifth league championship followed in 1940, despite an injury to Meazza. After the end of World War II the club re-emerged under their original name: Internazionale. Following the war, Inter won its sixth championship in 1953 and the seventh in 1954.
Grande Inter (1960–1968)
1964 European Cup Final starting lineup vs. Real Madrid
In 1960, Helenio Herrera joined Internazionale from Barcelona , bringing with him his midfield general Luis Suárez , who won the European Footballer of the Year in the same year for his role in Barcelona's La Liga / Fairs Cup double. He would transform Internazionale into one of the greatest teams in Europe. He modified a 5–3–2 tactic known as the Verrou (door bolt) to include larger flexibility for counterattacks. The Catenaccio system was invented by an Austrian coach named Karl Rappan . Rappan's original system was implemented with 4 fixed defenders, playing a strict man-to-man marking system, plus a playmaker in the middle of the field who plays the ball together with two midfield wings. Herrera would modify it by adding a fifth defenders, the sweeper or libero behind the two centre backs . The sweeper or libero who acted as the free man would deal with any attackers who went through the two centre backs . Internazionale finished 3rd in Serie A his first season, 2nd the next year and first in his 3rd season. And then followed a back-to-back European Cup victory in 1964 and 1965. Herrera earned the title ll Mago, which meant the magician. The code of Herrera 's team was the fullbacks Tarcisio Burgnich and Giacinto Facchetti , Armando Picchi the sweeper, Luis Suárez the playmaker, Jair the winger, Mario Corso the left midfielder, and Sandro Mazzola who played the inside-right.
In 1964, Internazionale reached the Final by beating Borussia Dortmund in the semifinal and FK Partizan in the quarterfinal. In the Final, they met Real Madrid , a team that had reached seven out of the nine finals to date. Real Madrid consisted of the ageing stars of the 1950s and a few emerging players that won the European Cup in 1966. It was Sandro Mazzola who stole the show by scoring two goals in a 3–1 victory.
Internazionale won the Intercontinental Cup against Independiente.
A year later, Inter repeated the feat by beating two-time winner S.L. Benfica in the final held at home. Jair was the lone scorer in 1–0 win.
Internazionale won the Intercontinental Cup against Independiente for the second year in a row.
By 1967, Jair was gone. Luis Suárez was injured and missed the Final. Sandro Mazzola 's penalty was not enough to stop Celtic from winning the title.
In 1967 club changed name in Football Club Internazionale Milano.
After Helenio Herrera era (1968–1990)
Following the golden era of the 1960s, Inter managed to win their eleventh league title in 1971 and their twelfth in 1980. Inter were defeated for the second time in five years in the final of the European Cup, going down 0–2 to Johan Cruijff 's Ajax Amsterdam in 1972. During the 1970s and the 1980s, Inter also added two to its Coppa Italia tally, in 1977–78 and 1981–82.
Led by the German duo of Andreas Brehme and Lothar Matthäus , and Argentine Ramón Díaz , Inter captured the 1989 Serie A championship. Fellow German Jürgen Klinsmann and the Italian Supercup were added the following season but to little avail as Inter were unable to defend their title.
Decline (1990–2004)
The 1990s was a period of disappointment. While their great rivals, Milan and Juventus , were achieving success both domestically and in Europe, Inter were left behind, with repeated mediocre results in the domestic league standings, their worst coming in 1993–94 when they finished just 1-point out of the relegation zone. Nevertheless, they achieved some European success with 3 UEFA Cup victories in 1991, 1994 and 1998.
With Massimo Moratti 's takeover from Ernesto Pellegrini in 1995 Inter were promised more success with many high profile signings like Ronaldo and Christian Vieri , with Inter twice breaking the world record transfer fee in this period (£19.5 million for Ronaldo from Barcelona in summer 1997 and £31 million for Christian Vieri from Lazio in summer 1999). However, the 1990s remained a decade of disappointment, and is the only decade in Inter's history in which they did not win a single Italian Serie A championship. For Inter fans it was difficult to find who in particular was to blame for the troubled times and this led to some icy relations between them and the president, the managers and even some individual players.
Inter chairman Massimo Moratti later became a target of the fans, especially when he sacked the much-loved coach Luigi Simoni after only a few games into the 1998/99 season, after having just received Italian manager of the year award 1998 the day before Massimo Moratti decided to end his contract. In the 1998–99 season Inter failed to qualify for any European competition for the first time in almost 10 years, finishing in a poor eighth place.
Javier Zanetti has been captain of Inter since August 1999
In the 1999–00 season, Massimo Moratti made some major changes, marking once again some high-profile signings. A major coup for Inter was the appointment of former Juventus manager Marcello Lippi . Moreover, Inter were seen by the majority of the fans and press to have finally put together a winning formula. Other signings included Italian and French legends Angelo Peruzzi and Laurent Blanc together with other former Juventus players Christian Vieri and Vladimir Jugović . Inter were also seen to have an advantage in this season as they had no European "distraction". Once again they failed to win the elusive Scudetto. However they did manage to come close to their first domestic success since 1989 when they reached the Coppa Italia final only to be defeated by Lazio, allowing them to win the Scudetto and domestic cup double.
The following season another disaster struck. Inter impressed in the Supercoppa Italia match against Lazio and took the lead through new signing Robbie Keane and Hakan Şükür —however, they lost 4–3. Overall, though, they were looking good for the season that was about to start. What followed was another embarrassment, as they were eliminated in the preliminary round of the Champions League by Swedish club Helsingborgs IF . Alvaro Recoba was given the opportunity to equal the tie with a last-minute penalty, but Helsingborg goalkeeper Sven Andersson made the save. Inter found themselves back at square one as Marcello Lippi , the manager at the time, was sacked after only a single game of the new season following Inter's first ever Serie A defeat to Reggina . Throughout this period, Inter suffered the mocking of their neighbours Milan; Milan were having success both domestically and in Europe. Also throughout this period suffered endless defeats to Milan including a 6–0 defeat in 2000–01 season. Marco Tardelli , chosen to replace Lippi, failed to improve results, and is remembered by Inter fans as the manager that lost 6–0 the city derby to Milan in the 2000–01 season. Other members of the Inter "family" during this period that suffered were the likes of Christian Vieri and Fabio Cannavaro , both of whom had their restaurants in Milan vandalised after defeats against Milan.
In 2002, not only did Inter manage to make it to the UEFA Cup semi-finals, they were also only 45 minutes away from capturing the Scudetto, when they needed to maintain a one-goal advantage over Lazio at Rome's Stadio Olimpico. This was the last match of the season, and Inter were top of the Serie A table at kick-off. However, a defeat saw Juventus, who were second, or even Roma , in third place, take the title from them. As a result, some Lazio fans were actually openly supporting Inter during this match, as an Inter victory would prevent Lazio's bitter rivals Roma from winning the championship. Inter were 2–1 up after only 24 minutes. Lazio equalised during first half injury time and then scored two more goals in the second half to clinch victory that eventually saw Juventus win the championship after their 2–0 victory away to Udinese.
2002–03 saw Inter take a respectable second place and also managed to make it to the 2002–03 Champions League semi-finals against their bitter rivals Milan. Being tied 1–1 with Milan, Inter lost on the away goals rule . It was another disappointment but they were finally on the right track.
However, once again Massimo Moratti's impatience got the better of him, Hernán Crespo was sold after just one season, and Hector Cuper was fired after only a few games. Alberto Zaccheroni stepped in, a lifelong Inter fan but also the man who was in charge of Lazio's 4–2 victory over Inter in 2002, the fans were sceptical. Zaccheroni brought nothing new to the side, apart from two fantastic wins over Juventus 3–1 in Turin and 3–2 at the San Siro the season was again nothing special. They were embarrassingly eliminated from the UEFA Champions League in the first round finishing 3rd in their group. Furthermore, they only managed to scrape back into the Champions League by finishing in 4th place by only a point over Parma . Inter's only saving grace in 2003–04 was the arrival of Dejan Stanković and Adriano in January 2004, making up for the departures of Clarence Seedorf and Hernán Crespo respectively.
Resurrection and back to back titles (2004–present)
Revival (2004–2008)
Roberto Mancini pictured in 2004 as Inter manager
On 7 July 2004, Inter announced on their official website that they had appointed former Lazio boss Roberto Mancini as new head coach. In his first season Inter and Mancini collected 72 points from 18 wins, 18 draws and only 2 losses. On 15 June 2005, Inter won the Coppa Italia , defeating Roma in the two-legged final 3–0 on aggregate (1–0 win in Milan and 2–0 win in Rome) and followed that up on 20 August 2005, by winning the Supercoppa Italiana after an extra-time 1–0 victory against Serie A champions Juventus. This Super Cup win was Inter's first since 1989, coincidentally the same year since Inter last won the Scudetto before 2006. On 11 May 2006, Inter retained their Coppa Italia trophy by once again, defeating Roma with a 4–1 aggregate victory (a 1–1 scoreline in Rome and a 3–1 win at the Giuseppe Meazza, San Siro ).
Inter were awarded the 2005–06 Serie A championship as they were the highest placed side in the season's final league table after points were stripped from Juventus and Milan who were punished in a match fixing scandal that year . With the confirmed relegation of Juventus to Serie B and the eight-point deduction for city rivals Milan, Inter became favourites to retain their Serie A title for the 2006–07 Serie A season.
During the season, Inter went on a record-breaking run of 17 consecutive victories in Serie A, starting on 25 September 2006 with a 4–1 home victory over Livorno , and ending on 28 February 2007, after a 1–1 draw at home to Udinese . The 5–2 away win at Catania on 25 February 2007 broke the original record of 15 matches held by both Bayern Munich and Real Madrid from the "Big 5" (the top flight leagues in Italy, England , Spain , France and Germany ). The run lasted for almost five months and stands among the best in European league football, with just Benfica (29 wins), Celtic (25 wins) and PSV Eindhoven (22 wins) bettering the run. Inter's form dipped a little as they scored 0–0 and 2–2 draws against relegation-battlers Reggina and slumping Palermo (respectively), the latter game featuring a second-half comeback after Palermo went up 2–0 at half-time. They could not keep their invincibility form near the end of the season as well, as they lost their first game of the domestic season to Roma in the San Siro 3–1 thanks to two late Roma goals. Inter had enjoyed an unbeaten Serie A run for just under a year.
On 22 April 2007 Inter won their second consecutive scudetto—and first on the field since 1989—when they defeated Siena 2–1 at Stadio Artemio Franchi . Italian World Cup -winning defender Marco Materazzi scored both goals in the 18th and 60th minute, with the latter being a penalty. [3]
Zlatan Ibrahimović and Mario Balotelli against Palermo in 2009
Inter started the 2007–08 season with the goal of winning both Serie A and UEFA Champions League. The team started well in the league, topping the table from the first round of matches, and also managed to qualify for the Champions League knockout stage; however, a late collapse leading to a 2–0 defeat with 10 men away to Liverpool on 19 February in the Champions League threw into question manager Roberto Mancini 's future at Inter, and domestic form took a sharp turn of fortune with the team failing to win in the three following Serie A games (drawing with Sampdoria and major league opponents Roma, before losing away to Napoli , their first domestic defeat of the season). After being eliminated by Liverpool in the Champions League, Mancini then announced his intention to leave his job, only to change his mind the following day.
Following their late collapse leading to a 2–0 loss with 10 men away to Liverpool on 19 February in the Champions League and questions over Mancini's future Inter's domestic form took a sharp turn of fortune with the team failing to win in the three following Serie A games (drawing with Sampdoria and Roma, before losing away to Napoli ). Inter had a second run of this kind between 19 and 29 March in which they again went winless through three games (against Genoa , Juventus and Lazio). Like weeks previously, on 4 May 2008 Inter once again had a chance to wrap up their scudetto race; this time against city rivals Milan, but suffered a 2–1 defeat. The following week Inter again had the chance to wrap up their scudetto against Siena in a home match, complete with a festive atmosphere and an expectant crowd. However, Inter again failed to win the Scudetto, losing their lead twice and ultimately earning a 2–2 draw, with Marco Materazzi failing to convert a penalty in the dying embers of the match. The same week Roma scored a 2–1 victory away to Atalanta , thus catapulting the Romans to within just one point of Inter going into the final round of the Championship, despite trailing their Milanese rivals by 11 points earlier on in the season.
On the final day of the 2007–08 Serie A season, Inter played Parma away, while Roma travelled to Catania . This week offered an interesting juxtaposition, as both Roma and Inter looked to take the title, whereas Parma and Catania were both fighting for survival. Many scenarios could have played out, however Inter were still favourites due to their superior head to head record with Roma, all Inter needed to do was match Roma's result. The day started with Roma taking an early lead against Catania and for 60 minutes of the final day Roma were top of the league; however, the lead would not hold. Inter, seemingly rejuvenated due to the introduction of Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic , began to take control of the game. Amidst the pouring rain at the Ennio Tardini stadium in Parma, Ibrahimvoic fired a low shot making it 1–0 in the 62nd minute. Another Ibrahimovic blast sealed the victory, and with it the hope of winning the championship faded away for Roma. Elsewhere, Catania managed to score a late equaliser that granted them the stay in Serie A for the upcoming 2009 season and left Roma three points behind Inter. Inter sealed their 3rd championship in a row and had a late night celebration at the San Siro stadium upon their return to Milan, where they were presented with the Serie A trophy.
Following this win, the club however decided to sack Mancini on 29 May, citing his declaration to leave following the Champions League defeat to Liverpool as the reason. [4]
Modern history (2008–present)
On 2 June 2008, Inter announced on their official website that they had appointed former Porto and Chelsea boss José Mourinho as new head coach, with Giuseppe Baresi as his assistant. This made Mourinho the only foreign coach in Italy in the 2008–09 season kick-off. [5] Mourinho made only three additions to the squad during the summer transfer window of 2008 in the form of Mancini , [6] Sulley Muntari , [7] and Ricardo Quaresma . [8] In Mourinho's first season as Inter head coach, the Nerazzurri won an Italian Super Cup and a fourth consecutive title , being, however, also eliminated from the Champions League in the first knockout round for a third consecutive time, losing to Manchester United . In winning the league title for the fourth consecutive time, Inter joined Torino and Juventus as the only teams to do this and the first to accomplish this feat in the last 60 years.
2010 Champions League Final starting lineup vs. Bayern Munich
Inter enjoyed more luck in the 2009–10 Champions League , managing to progress to the quarter-finals by eliminating Mourinho's former team, Chelsea, in a 3–1 aggregate win; this was the first time in three years that the Nerazzurri had passed the first knockout round. Inter then progressed to the semi-finals of the tournament by beating CSKA Moscow 2–0 on aggregate, winning both legs. Inter managed to achieve a 3–1 win over incumbent champions Barcelona in the first leg of the semi-final. In the second leg, a resolute Inter lost 1–0 but progressed 3–2 on aggregate to their fifth European Cup/Champions League Final, with Bayern Munich as opponents. They won the match 2–0 with two goals from Diego Milito , and were crowned champions of Europe. [9] Inter also won the 2009–10 Serie A title by two points over Roma, and the 2010 Coppa Italia by defeating the same side 1–0 in the final. [10]
Inter also won the 2009–10 Serie A title by two points over Roma, and the 2010 Coppa Italia by defeating the same side 1–0 in the final. [11]
By winning the Scudetto , the Coppa Italia and the Champions League in a single season, Internazionale completed The Treble , becoming the first ever Italian team to achieve the feat. However, their attempt to defend these honours are without José Mourinho, as he agreed a deal to take charge of Spanish club Real Madrid on 28 May 2010. [12] Inter appointed Rafael Benítez as new coach after signing a two-year contract on June 2010.
On 21 August 2010, Inter defeated Roma 3–1 and won the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana , the fourth trophy of the year. In December 2010, they claimed the FIFA Club World Cup for the first time after a 3–0 win against TP Mazembe in the final. [13] Internazionale completed the Quintuple , becoming the fourth team in the world after Liverpool in 2001, Al-Ahly in 2006 and Barcelona in 2009. However, after this win, on 23 December 2010, due to his poor performance in Serie A and separated by 13 points from the leader Milan (although Inter played two games less, because of the FIFA Club World Cup appointment), the team announced Rafael Benítez's departure on their website. [14] He was replaced by Leonardo the following day. [15]
Leonardo started extremely well, collecting 30 points from 12 games, with an average of 2.5 points per game, better than his predecessors Benítez and José Mourinho . On 6 March 2011 Leonardo set a new Italian Serie A record by collecting 33 points in 13 games, the previous record was 32 points in 13 games made by Fabio Capello in 2004–05 season. On 15 March 2011, Internazionale had a memorable 3–2 Champions League away victory over Bayern Munich at the Allianz Arena in the Round of 16 after losing the first leg at home, but lost in the quarter finals against Schalke 04 . After Internazionale lost against Milan, and two weeks later Parma, Internazionale's Serie A season title ambitions had effectively ended. The only trophy the club won with Leonardo as a manager was the Coppa Italia . On 18 June 2011, Leonardo resigned and was followed by not so successful new managers Gian Piero Gasperini , Claudio Ranieri , and Andrea Stramaccioni . The club in the 2011–12 season finished as sixth, a quarter-finalist in Coppa Italia, lost in the Supercoppa Italiana, and Champions League knockout phase. In the 2012–13 season finished as ninth, semi-finalist in Coppa Italia, and lost in the Europa League knockout phase.
On 15 October 2013, Indonesians Erick Thohir , Rosan Roeslani and Handy Soetedjo signed an agreement to acquire 70 percent of Inter Milan shares with an acquisition value of $501 million. [16]
Diposkan 14th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
0
Established on 12 August 1970 after a merger between Stade Saint-Germain and a group of investors united under the banner of virtual club Paris FC , Paris Saint-Germain Football Club have always represented both Paris and nearby Saint-Germain-en-Laye . [1]
Foundation and early years (1970–1978)
Towards the end of the 1960s, an ambitious group of businessmen decided to create a major club in the French capital. They chose to merge their virtual side, Paris FC , with Stade Saint-Germain after the team from Saint-Germain-en-Laye , 15km west of Paris , won promotion to Ligue 2 . [2] Thanks to some 20,000 subscriptions from individuals desperate to see an elite football club in Paris , Guy Crescent , CEO of Calberson and Pierre-Étienne Guyot , vice-president of Racing Club de France , asked the Sangermanois directors to become part of their project. Paris Saint-Germain Football Club was founded on 12 August 1970. [3] The merger was ratified by the French Football Federation on 27 August 1970. [2]
The Saint-Germain-en-Laye-based first team allowed the brand new PSG to start its career in Ligue 2 for the 1970–71 campaign. [3] PSG made an immediate impact both on and off the pitch, building a substantial fanbase and winning promotion to Ligue 1 in its first season. [2] The 1971–72 term ended with an honourable 16th placed finish. [3] Their momentum was soon checked, however, and the club split in 1972. [2] The professional arm of the club joined CA Montreuil and continued life in Ligue 1 under the name of Paris FC, while PSG assumed amateur status and started over in Division 3 . [3]
PSG finished second in its group and when first-placed Quevilly balked at promotion, the capital club moved up to the second division in 1973. During 1973–74, Les Parisiens were already shining in the Coupe de France by reaching the quarter-finals. Even better was the second-placed league finish which saw PSG take on Valenciennes in a play-off tie for promotion to the premier division. Beaten 2-1 away, PSG won 4-2 at the Parc des Princes on 4 June 1974 and was promoted to Ligue 1 – ironically, the same year that Paris FC was relegated. Since that time, PSG has never been demoted from the French first division. [3] The club moved into the Parc des Princes that same year. [2] PSG had spent its formative years using the Stade Georges Lefèvre (now the club's training complex known as the Camp des Loges ). [4] Despite no achievements during that period, the club was known for their entertaining style of play. [4]
First trophies (1978–1990)
By the end of the 1970s, Les Rouge-et-Bleu were ready to embark upon a historic decade. [1] With charismatic presidents Daniel Hechter and, later, Francis Borelli setting the tone, the likes of Carlos Bianchi , Mustapha Dahleb , Safet Sušić and Luis Fernández became the club's first stars, followed closely behind by its first titles. [1] However, it was not until the 1990s that PSG really started to develop as a giant of French football . [4]
PSG was starting to make a name for itself by consistently finishing in the top third of the French first division. [5] The club's trophy cabinet welcomed its first major silverware in the shape of the Coupe de France in 1981–82. [2] On 15 May 1982, PSG defeated Saint-Étienne , and a certain Michel Platini , in the final, and on June 11, the following year, made it back-to-back cups in beating Nantes , while also ending the league season in third place. After ending the 1983–84 campaign in fourth, PSG again qualified for 1985 Coupe de France Final , losing to Monaco . [5] A year later coach Gérard Houllier led the team to their maiden league success, Safet Sušić pulling the strings in midfield. [2] PSG set a new record of 26 matches without defeat along the way. [5]
Success on the domestic front meant PSG flew France’s colours on the European stage. The best result was a quarter-final appearance in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in March 1983, against the Belgian outfit Waterschei . However, the most memorable encounter was the round-of-16 clash against Juventus , who formed the backbone of Italy’s World Cup winning side of 1982 reinforced by the likes of Zbigniew Boniek and Platini (PSG eliminated 2-2 on the away goals rule ). Fans had to wait until the 1988–89 term to see Paris battling for the title again, finishing an admirable second with the resulting European adventure ending in the round-of-32 against Juve. [5]
Golden age and decline (1990–2000)
Raí was a member of the PSG squad which won domestic and European honours during the 1990s
An even brighter era dawned when Canal+ took over in 1991. [2] An avalanche of trophies followed, not to mention the first wave of world-class players to grace the Parc des Princes thanks to the considerable investment of their owners. [4] George Weah , Raí , Ricardo , Jay-Jay Okocha , Valdo , Marco Simone , Leonardo and a strong spine of homegrown talent ( Bernard Lama , Alain Roche , David Ginola , Paul Le Guen , Vincent Guérin , Youri Djorkaeff ) became the darlings of French football . [1]
The capital welcomed back UEFA Cup football: PAOK , Napoli , Anderlecht and Real Madrid all fell by the wayside before PSG once again succumbed to their black beast, Juventus , in the last four. [1] It marked the beginning of a new trajectory for the club and a brilliant 1992–93 season: European semi-finalist, second in the league and victory in the Coupe de France . The climb towards the heights continued in 1993–94 with the club registering a second Ligue 1 title and a new French record after going 27 consecutive league matches without defeat. A stunning campaign both domestically and internationally as PSG made the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup . With the modernisation of the club and an experienced coach, in the form of Artur Jorge , PSG rediscovered its ambition. [6]
For the 1994–95 campaign, PSG hired Luis Fernández , an emblematic player of the club in the 1980s, as coach. He led the capital side to the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League with a 10 game undefeated streak. Paris was ultimately eliminated by title-holders A.C. Milan after seducing Europe with its football and knocking out the likes of Bayern Munich and Barcelona . And the successes kept coming that season with PSG winning the first ever Coupe de la Ligue as well as the Coupe de France for the fourth time in the club’s history. [6] PSG's crowning glory came with triumph in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final , Bruno N'Gotty hitting the only goal as Rapid Vienna were defeated 1-0. [2] Celtic , Parma and Deportivo de La Coruña fell by the wayside as PSG joined the elite of European winners. [6]
A year later, Les Rouge-et-Bleu finished runners-up to Barcelona in the same competition. [2] Between these finals, a dazzling Juventus proved too strong for PSG in the 1996 UEFA Super Cup , winning 9-2 on aggregate. [7] Despite a younger squad, the side now managed by former PSG players Ricardo and Joël Bats were also league runners-up. However, Paris struggled to maintain its own high standards during 1997–98. For the first time in the Canal+ era, the club was eliminated before the quarter-finals of the Champions League and struggled in Ligue 1. A tough campaign saved by the two domestic cups lifted by Captain Raí: the Coupe de France and the Coupe de la Ligue. [6] PSG also claimed the Trophée des Champions twice before the turn of the century. [4]
1998–99 was all about changes. After seven seasons in the hot seat, Michel Denisot ceded the presidency of PSG to Charles Biétry , himself President of PSG Omnisports since 1992. The latter named Alain Giresse as coach. A premature elimination in the round-of-32 of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup , coupled with a difficult start to the season cost the new coach his job. Giresse was replaced in November by Artur Jorge . A month later, Charles Biétry left the presidency for Laurent Perpère . Results didn’t improve and following consecutive eliminations in the Coupe de France and the Coupe de la Ligue , Artur Jorge quit the capital in mid-March. He was replaced by Philippe Bergeroo . Having saved the club from relegation, Bergeroo rebuilt the team and PSG qualified again for the UEFA Champions League in 1999–2000. [6]
Mixed fortunes (2000–2004)
Ronaldinho played for PSG between 2001 and 2003
The young brigade of the French game led by Nicolas Anelka , Peter Luccin and Stéphane Dalmat was meant to carry PSG to the summit of Ligue 1 . Yet despite a promising start, thanks largely to the breathtaking form of Laurent Robert and Anelka, the first frosts of winter quickly cooled Paris’ title aspirations. Following a devastating 5-1 loss to Sedan in early December, coach Philippe Bergeroo made way for Luis Fernández . A firm favourite of the Parc des Princes faithful, the Tarifa Kid brought Mikel Arteta , Mauricio Pochettino and Didier Domi , who returned to the club that discovered him. Six months later, PSG finished ninth in the league, yet miraculously earned a place in the UEFA Intertoto Cup . The 2000–01 campaign will be remembered for a great run in the UEFA Champions League , brought undone by an incredible comeback from Deportivo de La Coruña . But Luis quickly added the likes of Cristóbal , Aloísio , Gabriel Heinze and, above all, Ronaldinho . [8]
PSG launched the new term by claiming the 2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup . [9] And with the rise of Brazilian genius Ronaldinho (13 goals and seven assists in his first season in France) and a hermetically sealed defence (best in the league with 24 goals conceded), the club from the capital qualified for the UEFA Cup thanks to their fourth-placed finish in Ligue 1. PSG’s results in the cup competitions were, on the other hand, disappointing: eliminated in the round-of-32 of the UEFA Cup on penalties by Rangers ; eliminated in the quarter-finals of the Coupe de la Ligue by Lorient ; and eliminated in the semi-finals of the Coupe de France by Bordeaux . Another disappointment of the 2001–02 season was the strike pair of Brazilians Aloísio and Alex Dias . The former Saint-Étienne dynamic duo failed to live up to their billing. [10]
Everyone expected PSG to be battling near the top of the table. Ronaldinho had adapted perfectly to the French game and the summer recruitment was ideal. The results, however, were disastrous. Upset by numerous internal affairs, the 2002–03 term saw PSG finish 11th, the worst league position of the last 15 years. PSG’s last chance to qualify for European competition was the 2003 Coupe de France Final and lost 2-1 against Auxerre at the Stade de France . The three wins over Marseille in Le Classique are surely the only things the supporters remember from an otherwise catastrophic campaign, including a first win at the Stade Vélodrome in 20 years. [11]
Following a lackluster season, the hope of renewal and stabilization was represented by president Francis Graille and coach Vahid Halilhodžić . The departure of Ronaldinho for Barcelona allowed the new leaders in Paris to make an ambitious recruitment: Pauleta arrived from Bordeaux and Juan Pablo Sorín was brought on loan. The team was consistent thanks to Argentine duo Heinze–Sorín in the back, Fabrice Fiorèse ’s great displays in the right flank and the 18 goals from Pauleta, fruit of his partnership with Danijel Ljuboja . If fans were entitled to fear the post-Ronaldinho era, the 2003–04 season was the most prolific for nearly 10 years with the Coupe de France win against Châteauroux (1-0) and a second place in Ligue 1 (three points adrift Olympique Lyonnais ). [12]
Dark times (2004–2008)
The 2004–05 term was meant to be that of confirmation. But Vahid Halilhodžić ’s was put to the test when the capital club found itself in the relegation zone after six matches. The summer departures of first-team regulars such as Frédéric Déhu , Gabriel Heinze , Juan Pablo Sorín and Fabrice Fiorèse left gaping holes in the Parisian squad and the new signings found the boots hard to fill. There were still plenty of highs along the way – most notably, Les Parisiens superb 2-0 win over reigning European champions F.C. Porto in the UEFA Champions League as well as the seventh and eighth consecutive wins against Marseille in the league and the Coupe de la Ligue . That wasn’t enough, however, to save the campaign. Undermined by a conflict which pitted the supporters against the club directors, the season quickly transformed into a long and tedious affair for the players. As the team slipped alarmingly down the table, former PSG midfielder Laurent Fournier arrived as new coach to try and turn things around. Eliminated from all cup competitions, PSG finally ended up in the top half of the table in ninth place. [13]
PSG’s aim was to finish in the top three of Ligue 1 and all boded well in the opening months of the 2005–06 season. With a stunning opening match 4-1 victory over Metz at the Parc des Princes , Paris was sitting top of the standings after four rounds and was still in the top three come November. Unfortunately, a series of poor results, particularly away from home, sent Laurent Fournier’s side into a downward spiral over the next two months. PSG president Pierre Blayau , thus, appointed Guy Lacombe as coach during the winter break. Despite a ninth-placed finish, Les Rouge-et-Bleu defeated archrivals Marseille 2-1 in the 2006 Coupe de France Final to lift their seventh French Cup and move above Saint-Étienne (6 wins) in the record books. Above all, the win qualified PSG for the following season’s UEFA Cup . [14]
PSG became better known for lurching from one high-profile crisis to another, and hooliganism began to plague the club, an affliction that current day are still trying to fully eradicate. Les Parisiens' form dwindled as they slipped further down the table and eventually, a split from owners Canal+ became inevitable. That divorce arrived in 2006 after years of underachievement and the club's purchase by Colony Capital , Butler Capital Partners and Morgan Stanley was completed that year. Colony Capital eventually bought out Morgan Stanley's shares in the club to become 95% owners. Fresh owners and new president Alain Cayzac intended to open a new chapter. However, PSG slumped to a miserable 15th place in 2006–07, narrowly avoiding relegation. [4]
After yet another difficult campaign, PSG plotted on returning to the summit of the local game. But things began badly with just four points garnered from the opening five matches. The first win came in Week 6, 2-0 away to Le Mans . Amazingly, Paris had to wait until the second half of the 2007–08 season to record a first home win (3-0 over RC Lens on 13 January). Rallied behind Paul Le Guen , the players were under the hammer. Paradoxically, as the side struggled in the league, Les Rouge-et-Bleu performed wonders in both cups, winning the 2008 Coupe de la Ligue (2-1 win over Lens). The cup triumph was translated into a grandstand finish in Ligue 1 as the capital club avoided the drop by taking eight of a possible 12 points in the final four games. [15]
Wind of change (2008–2012)
The announcement of new president Charles Villeneuve and top drawer recruits such as the experienced Claude Makélélé and Ludovic Giuly along two of Ligue 1 's most promising talents in Guillaume Hoarau and Stéphane Sessègnon , boded well for the future in the French capital. The objective fixed at the start of the 2008–09 campaign was to finish in the top half of the table and, if the opportunity presented itself, qualify for one of the two European cups. Paris-SG went a long way in the Coupe de la Ligue (eliminated in the semi-finals by future Ligue 1 champions Bordeaux ) and in the UEFA Cup (eliminated in the quarter-finals by Dynamo Kyiv ). Led by captain Claude Makélélé, PSG played a leading role for most of the league season before finally settling for a respectable sixth place. [16]
Paris signed goalkeeper Grégory Coupet , along with striker Mevlüt Erdinç and flying full-back Christophe Jallet while former club defender Antoine Kombouaré returned as first team coach for the 2009–10 season. After four matches, PSG were sitting second on the league table, but a defeat to Monaco put the breaks on. Beaten away 3-1 to Lille , 2-1 on the road to Lyon and 1-0 against Monaco meant PSG were out of the title hunt, but still going strong in the cups. The Coupe de France run would take PSG all the way to the Stade de France . After eliminating, among others, Auxerre in the quarters, on 1 May 2010, PSG defeated Monaco in the final thanks to Guillaume Haorau's goal in extra-time. It was an eighth French Cup crown for PSG, qualifying once again to the UEFA Europa League in the process. [17]
Nenê , brilliant with Monaco the season before, Mathieu Bodmer and Siaka Tiéné were brought as the capital club wanted to celebrate its 40th anniversary in style. Les Rouge-et-Bleu competed in the season curtain-raiser - the Trophée des Champions - in Tunisia (lost on penalties to Marseille ). Paris-SG quickly found its cruising altitude in Ligue 1 and after a stirring 2-1 home win in Le Classique in Week 12, the club would not quit the top five for the rest of the season, before finishing fourth. It ended an accomplished all-round 2010–11 campaign for PSG - Coupe de France finalists, Coupe de la Ligue semi-finalists and last-16 of the Europa League. [18]
Cup successes notwithstanding, the early 2000s were tough for PSG, who flirted with relegation on occasion as a combination of high expectations and intense media pressure took their toll. [2] It wasn't until the club was purchased by Qatar Sports Investments in 2011, following two years of solid progress and stability under coach Antoine Kombouaré and president Robin Leproux , that PSG finally restored a sense of balance. Club legend Leonardo was brought back as sporting director. [4] He oversaw an unprecedented spending in Ligue 1 history: Diego Lugano , Javier Pastore , Maxwell , Alex , Thiago Motta , Blaise Matuidi , Kévin Gameiro and Jérémy Ménez . Kombouaré's men, led by an irrepressible Pastore, were league leaders at the winter break, but the board still recruited famous coach Carlo Ancelotti . He became the first ever PSG coach to win his first five competitive matches. In stunning form until now, Paris lost top spot to Montpellier in March, losing the 2011–12 title to the latter. PSG, in turn, qualified to the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 2004–05. [19] PSG also set a league record of 79 points for a second-placed team. [4]
Return to prominence (2012–present)
Zlatan Ibrahimović being signed by PSG president Nasser Al-Khelaifi (left) and sporting director Leonardo (right)
Reinforced by new stars Ezequiel Lavezzi , Zlatan Ibrahimović and Thiago Silva , Paris warmed up for the 2012–13 season with the aim of winning the league crown that dramatically eluded the club the previous year. [20] After initially struggling to break their domestic opponents, not winning until Week 4 away at Lille , results again dried up when Ibrahimović was absent for two matches after being sent off during a home defeat to Saint-Étienne . PSG then dropped from the top to fourth after a testing November. Back in the UEFA Champions League after an eight-year absence, the key moment was the home win over Porto . With it, PSG took top spot in their group, before reaching the summit of Ligue 1 before Christmas. Despite a minor wobble in early 2013, PSG battled back into the lead again and retained it for the remainder of the season as Zlatan’s 30-goal haul almost single-handedly led the capital side. [21] In Europe, PSG outclassed Valencia to face Spanish giants FC Barcelona in the quarter-finals. The match lived up to the hype with Blaise Matuidi scoring in the last minute of a thrilling 2-2 draw at the Parc des Princes . Then, at the Camp Nou , Javier Pastore opened the scoring for Carlo Ancelotti 's men, only to be eliminated on away goals by Pedro ’s equaliser. Quarterfinal exits in both the Coupe de la Ligue and the Coupe de France meant PSG just had to focus on the league. In the end, a 1-0 win away to Lyon secured the club’s first Ligue 1 title in 19 years, and third overall. Jérémy Ménez struck the goal that sent Paris into rapture. [20] PSG finished 12 points clear of second-placed bitter rivals Marseille . [21]
For the first time in the club’s history, Les Parisiens defended their title and also secured a maiden league and domestic cup double thanks to Edinson Cavani 's brace in the 2014 Coupe de la Ligue Final win over Lyon. [22] Now led by Laurent Blanc , who succeeded Ancelotti, PSG also won the Trophée des Champions against Bordeaux (2-1) in the 2013–14 season curtain-raiser. [23] After a slow start to Ligue 1, Blanc's change to a three-man midfield composed by Matuidi, Thiago Motta and Marco Verratti in a 4-3-3 system during a 2-0 away win over Bordeaux in early September was the pivotal moment. It took just four more games before PSG permanently overhauled early pacesetters Monaco at the top of the table. [22] Another key moment was the season’s first Le Classique . Reduced to ten men, Paris came back from a goal down to beat arch-rivals Marseille. In the Champions League, group toppers PSG demolished Bayer Leverkusen 6-1 on aggregate in the last 16 and impressed with a second consecutive quarterfinal defeat on away goals to Chelsea . [23] A Coupe de France defeat at home to Montpellier in the round of 32 was the season's low note. [22]
PSG set a new all-time best points total of 89 for Le Championnat and also bettered the benchmark of 26 victories, with a total of 27. [24] Zlatan Ibrahimović enjoyed the best season of his career as well. The Swedish star scored 26 times and provided 11 assists in the league alone, with further contributions taking his overall total to 41 goals in all competitions. He broke Carlos Bianchi ’s club record of 39 goals in a single campaign (1977–78) and became the first player to score more than 25 league goals in consecutive seasons since Bianchi in 1977–78 (37) and 1978–79 (27). On top of that, Ibrahimović defended his UNFP player of the year title and bagged the goal of the year award – for his scorpion flick effort against SC Bastia – as well as being named in the Ligue 1 team of the year for a second consecutive time. [22]
Diposkan 14th February 2015 oleh Quote ideas
| i don't know |
Whose cottage is on the left of the Constable painting The Hay Wain? | John Constable | The Hay Wain | NG1207 | National Gallery, London
More paintings in this room
Constable's painting is based on a site in Suffolk, near Flatford on the River Stour. The hay wain, a type of horse-drawn cart, stands in the water in the foreground . Across the meadow in the distance on the right, is a group of haymakers at work. The cottage shown on the left was rented by a farmer called Willy Lott and stands behind Flatford Mill. Today, the cottage and river path are still much as they were in Constable's time.
Although the painting evokes a Suffolk scene, it was created in the artist's studio in London. Constable first made a number of open-air sketches of parts of the scene. He then made a full-size preparatory sketch in oil to establish the composition .
The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1821, the year it was painted, but failed to find a buyer. Yet when exhibited in France, with other paintings by Constable, the artist was awarded a Gold Medal by Charles X.
Share this painting
| willy lott |
Which duo had the 1987 Christmas Number One Always on My Mind? | The Haywain by John Constable
The Haywain
The Haywain by John Constable, is probably one of the most famous of all English paintings. Many a home has a print, but relatively few people know the story behind it.
John Constable was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk, England on 11th June 1776. Initially his father, Golding Constable wanted young John to join him is his prosperous corn business. By 1799 however it was obvious that John loved nothing more than drawing, so he was given an allowance to study at the Royal Academy in London. The art world was slow to recognize his talents. Landscapes were not considered very important in his day, so he had to produce a few portraits for his income. He would often spend his Summers in East Anglia, making sketches ready for them to be transformed into his beautiful works when he returned to his home in London. During these early years he created such works as Boatbuilding near Flatford Mill (1814-15) which can be seen in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
In 1819 he moved to Hampstead Heath on the outskirts of London. By this time his father had died, so he was more financially secure. He was now producing his best work, including The Haywain in 1821. The work was based on many sketches he had produced, many of which still survive. In 1824 The Haywain was exhibited in Paris, where it won a gold medal. The painting caused a stir amongst the French art critics, who were astonished by its freshness. In his later years he lectured, still trying to popularize landscape painting, but he died in 1837 with none of the fame he now has.
The Scene Now
In the Autumn of 1993 we went to East Bergholt in Suffolk to see for ourselves where this great work of art was set. The river bank is now overgrown, but it is easy to imagine the great artist seated with Willy Lott's Cottage on his left, Flatford Mill on his right and the wonderful Suffolk landscape before him.
A large collection of John Constable's works can be seen in the Victoria and Albert Museum , but The Haywain itself is in the National Gallery in London, England.
| i don't know |
New Moon and Eclipse are titles in which series of films? | Twilight (2008) - IMDb
IMDb
There was an error trying to load your rating for this title.
Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later.
X Beta I'm Watching This!
Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends.
Error
From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video
ON DISC
A teenage girl risks everything when she falls in love with a vampire.
Director:
Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence
From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence.
a list of 37 titles
created 12 May 2012
a list of 42 titles
created 04 Aug 2013
a list of 29 titles
created 18 Apr 2015
a list of 44 titles
created 3 months ago
a list of 30 images
created 1 month ago
Search for " Twilight " on Amazon.com
Connect with IMDb
Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below.
You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin.
28 wins & 16 nominations. See more awards »
Videos
Edward leaves Bella after an attack that nearly claimed her life, and in her depression she falls into yet another paranormal relationship - this time with werewolf Jacob Black.
Director: Chris Weitz
As a string of mysterious killings grips Seattle, Bella, whose high school graduation is fast approaching, is forced to choose between her love for vampire Edward and her friendship with werewolf Jacob.
Director: David Slade
After the birth of Renesmee, the Cullens gather other vampire clans in order to protect the child from a false allegation that puts the family in front of the Volturi.
Director: Bill Condon
The Quileutes close in on expecting parents Edward and Bella, whose unborn child poses a threat to the Wolf Pack and the towns people of Forks.
Director: Bill Condon
In a twist to the fairy tale, the Huntsman ordered to take Snow White into the woods to be killed winds up becoming her protector and mentor in a quest to vanquish the Evil Queen.
Director: Rupert Sanders
Tyler Gage receives the opportunity of a lifetime after vandalizing a performing arts school, gaining him the chance to earn a scholarship and dance with an up and coming dancer, Nora.
Director: Anne Fletcher
Katniss Everdeen voluntarily takes her younger sister's place in the Hunger Games, a televised competition in which two teenagers from each of the twelve Districts of Panem are chosen at random to fight to the death.
Director: Gary Ross
A modern-day take on the "Beauty and the Beast" tale where a New York teen is transformed into a hideous monster in order to find true love.
Director: Daniel Barnz
Set in a medieval village that is haunted by a werewolf, a young girl falls for an orphaned woodcutter, much to her family's displeasure.
Director: Catherine Hardwicke
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.7/10 X
In a world divided by factions based on virtues, Tris learns she's Divergent and won't fit in. When she discovers a plot to destroy Divergents, Tris and the mysterious Four must find out what makes Divergents dangerous before it's too late.
Director: Neil Burger
A seventeen-year-old aristocrat falls in love with a kind but poor artist aboard the luxurious, ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic.
Director: James Cameron
Romantic sparks occur between two dance students from different backgrounds at the Maryland School of the Arts.
Director: Jon M. Chu
Edit
Storyline
Bella Swan has always been a little bit different. Never one to run with the crowd, Bella never cared about fitting in with the trendy, plastic girls at her Phoenix, Arizona high school. When her mother remarried and Bella chooses to live with her father in the rainy little town of Forks, Washington, she didn't expect much of anything to change. But things do change when she meets the mysterious and dazzlingly beautiful Edward Cullen. For Edward is nothing like any boy she's ever met. He's nothing like anyone she's ever met, period. He's intelligent and witty, and he seems to see straight into her soul. In no time at all, they are swept up in a passionate and decidedly unorthodox romance - unorthodox because Edward really isn't like the other boys. He can run faster than a mountain lion. He can stop a moving car with his bare hands. Oh, and he hasn't aged since 1918. Like all vampires, he's immortal. That's right - vampire. But he doesn't have fangs - that's just in the movies. And he... Written by Summit entertainment
When you can live forever what do you live for? See more »
Genres:
Rated PG-13 for some violence and a scene of sensuality | See all certifications »
Parents Guide:
21 November 2008 (USA) See more »
Also Known As:
$69,637,740 (USA) (21 November 2008)
Gross:
Did You Know?
Trivia
Eric in the movie is a combination of the characters Eric Yorkie and Ben Cheney from the book. See more »
Goofs
Throughout the film, dark roots appear and disappear from Rosalie's hair. See more »
Quotes
[first lines]
Isabella Swan : [voiceover] I'd never given much thought to how I would die... But dying in the place of someone I love seems like a good way to go.
Spoofed in 11/11/11 (2011) See more »
Soundtracks
Performed by Perry Farrell , Daniel Newman (uncredited), Etty Lau Farrell
I'll Hit You Back First Music (BMI)
So bad it's ALMOST good.
21 November 2008 | by The_Amazing_Spy_Rises
(United States) – See all my reviews
NOTE: This review is the fair and unbiased opinion of someone with extremely little knowledge of the Twilight series. I watched the movie with a few die hard fans who I talked to after the movie, and I will work some of their thoughts into the review.
Another much loved book series has been brought to life in the form of Twilight, which despite having nothing in common with the Harry Potter series, will undoubtedly draw comparisons because of the furor and craze surrounding it. The main difference between the two, however, is that the Harry Potter films are generally good and solid films. Twilight, despite having done a couple things right, is not.
As a story, I will admit, Twilight is very catchy and interesting. Now I see what all the hype is about. If I was a young girl, I would go nuts over this stuff too. It's not just a vampire and a human falling in love with each other, but because of the two leads, it's one of the best on screen romances of the decade. This, however, is severely hurt by the fact that Twilight boasts easily some of the worst writing and editing I've ever seen. Let's not forget about the horrid VFX and pasty makeup, either. It's one of the cheesiest films of the year, and can definitely be put in the category of "so bad it's ALMOST good". Yes, I just invented that category.
The 'allure' of the film appears to be the character played by Robert Pattinson, who ironically was previously known for his role in the Harry Potter series. Pattinson succeeded there and he more than succeeds again, as he more than fit the bill for what he needed to do with the character. Most actors would believe the only requirement of the character is to be good looking, but Pattinson takes it a step further and makes Edward Cullen very likable, trustworthy, and in the end, a good hero for the audience. Kristen Stewart is sort of the queen of not showing facial expressions, so she's perfect for the role of the awkward teen Bella Swann. However, there were sometimes where her lack of emotion bothered me.
Our supporting players...Well, none of them are noteworthy like Pattinson is. The villain of the film is lame, cheesy, and played by an actor I can't take seriously. Nikki Reed is probably the best as Rosalie, Edward's 'sister', and the antagonistic vibe felt from her adds a different side to the movie.
Okay, I don't really know what possessed the writer of this screenplay to make it so horrible (was it the source material?), because the dialog is just so bad that I laughed at serious moments. There's a lot of intentional humor, mostly in the beginning when Bella and Edward feel like awkward teens in love. I guess the movie moved along okay, because I wasn't bored at all. I was either laughing at how stupid the dialog was, laughing at some of the mildly funny jokes, or getting pulled in by the electric chemistry between Stewart and Pattinson.
That, folks, is the reason most people will be able to sit through this movie. The chemistry between the two leads, romantically and sexually, is amazing. In this respect, Pattinson and Stewart are perfectly cast and it makes me wonder if they could end up together in real life some day. I was very surprised by how much I liked seeing their one on one scenes, as cheesy and bad as the VFX and editing are.
As far as these visual effects go, I've seen a few vampire movies in my day. I'm going to assume director Catherine Hardwicke has seen a few. Well, she needs to watch a few more. Her fight scenes are horribly choreographed, terribly shot, and lack the intensity required to successfully rouse her audience. I could almost notice the wires the actors flew across on. I noticed a ton of errors with the editing as well, such as basic stuff like mouths moving and no words coming out, and words coming out when no mouths were moving. The fight scene at the end has wicked bad editing too, as the sound mixing also suffers as well.
All in all, with Twilight, as bad a movie as it may be, I couldn't help but stay interested in it because of the electric chemistry between the leads. That alone kept me in the seat the whole time. It is technically one of the worst films of the year, but the entertainment factor in the above respect keeps it out of the company of movies like Disaster Movie and College. I was actually lucky to see it with some of the fans of the book, and all of them (5) described the movie as a 'disappointment' and that the film went 'half way' with some subplots, either starting and dropping them, or randomly starting them halfway through an individual subplot. They were not happy at all with this movie, but agreed on one thing: Robert Pattinson was the perfect Edward Cullen. I'll agree with them on all those points and say that Twilight is exactly what I thought it would be: so bad it's ALMOST good.
1,105 of 1,755 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you?
Yes
| The Twilight |
In the Bible who was the husband of Bathsheba when she was first seen by David? | Eclipse (film) | Twilight Saga Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
Riley Biers before his transformation.
The film begins with college student, Riley Biers , walking out of a bar in Seattle, Washington at night in the pouring rain. A few minutes after he enters an alleyway and he is knocked down a few times, by a dark figure. In a desperate attempt to escape his attacker, he takes off running, until he reaches a pier, where he hesitates to jump into the water. As he hesitates, the figure catches up with him and bites his right palm, leaving a crescent-moon-shaped bite mark on it. He is left screaming and moaning in agony, initiating his painful transformation into a vampire .
It is later explained that the attacker was Victoria , and she chose Riley because he was from Forks , making his knowledge of the area important to guide the newborn army , but she lied, by telling him she chose him out of love. She also seduces Riley to win his loyalty and dedication. Victoria intends on destroying Bella Swan in order to take vengeance on Edward Cullen for killing her mate, James , in Twilight , by creating an army of newborn vampires under Riley's control, while hiding in the shadows to keep Alice from " seeing " her.
Edward Cullen and Bella Swan are laying in their meadow , where Bella recites aloud the poem Fire and Ice, and negotiating her change into a vampire , with Edward asking her to marry him first. She endlessly turns him down, because of her issues with teen marriages, and that marriage is just 'a piece of paper'. Edward says that in his world, it was the way one says: "I love you." But Bella counters, saying that in her world, at her age, it is the way one says: "I just got knocked up."
The newborn army continues to grow in numbers, and the members' careless feeding in Seattle draw the attention from state wide news, much to the dismay of the people of Seattle, the Forks police including Charlie Swan , and the Cullens . News headlines and columns about the murders and disappearances blankets the newspapers. Back in Forks, Edward and Bella discuss some of the complications and advantages of becoming a vampire. Also, Bella makes the effort to keep in touch with Jacob Black , her best friend, but he refuses to return her calls. Charlie decides to stop grounding Bella, on the condition that she spends more time with Jacob and her other human friends.
Edward and Bella in the meadow .
Charlie is investigating the disappearance of Riley Biers , reported missing over a year earlier. In the meantime, Edward suspects it to be associated with the newborn vampires in Seattle ; further proving his suspicions is the intrusion of Riley in Bella's room, in which he steals Bella's red blouse with Bella's scent on it, in order for the newborns to recognize her scent (in the novel, Riley steals not just her red blouse but also her pillow). On one occasion, Alice has a vision of Victoria's return, so Edward takes Bella to Jacksonville to visit her mother and to assure her safety while the Cullens and the pack chase Victoria.
The chase ends with Emmett Cullen almost crossing into Quileute territory . Paul Lahote stops him from crossing the boundary line, resulting in a heated confrontation between the wolves and the Cullens while Victoria escapes.
The Cullens and the La Push Pack training for battle against the Seattle newborn army .
Bella finds out about this during Edward and Jacob's argument at school, also discovering that Victoria is back, and leaves with Jacob down to La Push for both a visit and to learn more about the incident. Although Edward fears for her safety, Bella convinces him that Jacob and the werewolves would not harm her. When Edward catches Riley's scent, he suspects that someone is making a plan and agrees to team up with the werewolves to protect Bella and Charlie from the possible danger. From then on, Bella begins to spend more time in La Push. During one of these trips, Jacob suddenly confesses his love for her and forcibly kisses her. Bella, both shocked and outraged, angrily punches him in the face and breaks her hand by in the process.
After driving Bella home, Edward threatens to break Jacob's jaw if he ever dares to kiss Bella against her own will again. It all ends when Charlie comes outside to stop the tension (oblivious to what happened), Jacob awkwardly explains to him that he kissed Bella without her permission and that she broke her hand while punching his face. While getting treated by Carlisle , Bella has a conversation with Rosalie Hale about her choice to become immortal. Rosalie judges her because of her preference to vampirism over humanity, and tells her her story as a human. She then tells Bella that by becoming a vampire, she will want nothing more than blood.
Back in Seattle, Riley is angered by the newborns' lack of control in their feeding and warns them that something huge is coming for them, and they must learn to control their urges so they may meet it with strategy. The Volturi guard members, Jane , Alec , Felix and Demetri find and observe the army's actions. While Felix considers consulting Aro about their inaction, Jane debates whether they should let the army serve their purpose or "end" them.
Riley and Bree Tanner .
A few days later, Bella, Jasper, Edward, and Alice graduate from Forks High School where Jessica gives an inspirational graduation speech. Alice invites the seniors to a party at the Cullen house. Jacob and his friends Embry and Quil crash the party and Jacob gives Bella a bracelet with a handmade carved-wolf charm as graduation present before Alice catches a vision of the newborn army coming to kill them. The Cullens have a short discussion, and Jacob agrees on Sam 's behalf to join forces with the Cullens to fight off the threat of the newborn army, despite Bella's protests. Eventually, Bella realizes that the newborn army has been under the secret control of Victoria. The Volturi have also been aware of this, but they decide to give the army a chance to destroy the Cullens, since Aro wanted Alice and Edward (presumably Bella as well) for their powers but for as long as they have their family, the Cullens would not join the Volturi's forces.
The Newborn Army marching.
Bella tries to get Edward to make love to her before turning her into a vampire. Edward initially refuses, explaining that it would be too dangerous, although he tells her that he wants to, but not yet. Eventually, upon realizing how much it means to Bella, he says that he is willing to try in the future as long as they are married first. Despite an aversion to marriage, Bella realizes that spending an eternity with Edward is more important to her than anything else and accepts his proposal, in which he presents her with an engagement ring that belonged to his biological mother. Edward is overwhelmed with happiness and embraces her.
When everyone else is preparing for the battle, Edward and Bella camp up in the mountains, where they are later joined by Jacob to wait out the fight. Bella, being human, is about to freeze to death, in the frigid mountain blizzard. Jacob warms her up, much to Edward's disgust, as he asks Jacob to at least control his thoughts. During the cold night, Bella, while sleeping, overhears a conversation between the two of them,stating each others pains in which they temporarily forget their mutual hatred toward each other.
Jacob kissing Bella .
In the morning, Edward plans for Jacob to overhear him and Bella discussing their engagement, and Jacob becomes distraught. He threatens to join the fight and get himself killed because he feels that Bella does not love him and that him being dead would be easier for her, stating that he won't be a distraction to Bella. When Bella begs him not to, Jacob demands a proper reason not to do so. In a desperate attempt to prevent his death, Bella states reason, in which Jacob responds to being not good enough. Finally she asks him to kiss her and, while doing so, realizes that she loves him as well when she kisses him back. However, she also realizes that her feelings for Jacob are not to be compared with her love for Edward. Edward finds out about the kiss by reading Jacob's mind , but he is not angry with Bella because he knows that she loves him more than Jacob. Jacob still goes and joins the fight, promising that he'll be back, but eventually gets injured while trying to protect Leah from a newborn.
The La Push Pack attacks the Seattle newborn army .
The Cullens and the wolves fight the newborn army and manage to kill almost every last one with their own numbers still intact. Victoria and Riley manage to find Bella's hiding spot, starting a fight to the death. Seth bites off Riley's hand, before being swatted away by him. Victoria's survival instincts push her to leave, but Edward gets her to stay by taunting her about the death of James. Riley and Victoria gain the upper hand and are about to kill Edward, when Bella distracts them by cutting her arm with a rock, using her blood to catch their attention. Edward uses the distraction to break free and Seth sneaks behind a hill, drags Riley away, and kills him.
Victoria ignores Riley's desperate cry for help, only to die at the hands of Edward. Four members of the Volturi arrive to destroy what is left of Victoria's army, only to kill the one newborn who surrendered: Bree Tanner . Before Jane has Felix kill Bree she inflicts pain on her. The Cullens ask for mercy for Bree, but Jane nonetheless orders Felix to kill the newborn. They also, discover that while Bella has not become a vampire yet, the date for her transformation has been set.
The Volturi guard confronts the Cullens and Bree .
When Bella visits the injured Jacob, she is welcomed by loud, agonizing screams coming from the house. Carlisle and Sam are treating Jacob's wounds while Billy and the rest of the wolf pack wait patiently outside. Carlisle comes out of the house and declares Jacob will make a full recovery. Billy and Carlisle then shake hands, showing that they now start to trust one another. After the treatment, Bella walks in to tell an agonized Jacob that she still loves him but has chosen Edward over him. After he realizes he reluctantly agrees not to try and put them apart anymore.
Edward and Bella embracing.
Bella and Edward go to the meadow , where she tells him the wedding has been handed to the care of Alice. Edward asks why she is trying to please everyone else when she is not; Bella answers that she has always felt like she belonged in Edward's vampire world, by realizing that being in Edward's vampire world has made her strong, and realizing who she really is. Bella also decided to do things responsibly, by tying herself to him in every human way possible before she becomes a vampire. They decide to inform Charlie about their engagement, which Bella declares as highly dangerous, and jokes that it's a good thing Edward is bulletproof. Edward responds to this with a smile, and gives her his mother's ring. The movie ends with Bella and Edward embracing each other lovingly in their meadow.
Cast
The Cullens and the Swans
The Olympic Coven
Choice Male Hottie: Taylor Lautner
Behind the scenes
During training for the fight scene, Kellan Lutz accidentally punched Jackson Rathbone in the face.
The entire Cullen family cast had to vigorously train to keep themselves in shape and to make the fight scenes look realistic. Most of them did their own stunts/wire work.
During the scene where Bella returns to Emily and Sam 's home, Bronson Pelletier ( Jared ) ate real chicken whilst the others chewed on bones. Pelletier become quite ill as they redid the scene numerous times and each time he had to eat a new piece of chicken.
In the scene where Taylor Lautner has to carry Kristen, they originally planned to use a rig where Kristen would be sitting in a mold of herself and Taylor would push it. The effect was robotic and unrealistic so Taylor Lautner, for many scenes, had to carry Kristen for many hours, which caused him to have very sore arms the next day.
Jackson Rathbone had to learn how to ride a horse to depict Jasper 's past in the Confederate Army.
Between takes, Taylor Lautner often caught grapes in his mouth. He also played football with co-star Kristen Stewart .
Director David Slade originally spoke against the Twilight series , stating that he would not go near the franchise. Shortly after he was announced as the director of Eclipse, he quickly withdrew his previous remarks, claiming it to be a joke he was doing to promote some comedy shorts.
In the stories that Billy Black tells at the bonfire, the Third Wife was originally going to be played by Kristen Stewart. She did perform the scene but Slade and author Stephenie Meyer thought it had an unintentional comical effect.
In New Moon , Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn , Robert Pattinson 's eyebrows are slightly bushier than in Twilight , having refused to get his eyebrows waxed again after undergoing the experience during the first film.
Kristen Stewart had to wear a wig in this film since she had her hair cut for another movie.
There was several mistakes in this film as revealed in the television show Great Movie Mistakes and several websites.
In the scene where Billy Black tells the tale of the Cold Ones, when the Cold Woman came the avenge the death of the Cold Man, the The Third Wife stabbed herself in the abdomen with a dagger to distract the Cold Woman , but there was no tear in the wife's dress; instead it was just a red patch, when there should have been a rip in it from the dagger.
Just after Victoria was killed, Edward bandaged Bella's cut with a piece of fabric; however, he tied the bandage around her wrist, when it was the inside of her elbow.
When Bella 's scar from where James bit her in in the first movie was seen, it was on the wrong arm.
When Victoria was killed, her eyes were still open. But at another angle they were shut.
In the scene as the mountain campsite, Bella was wearing Brown Cargo pants. But when the camera pans out, she is wearing navy colored jean like pants.
When Bella is snuggled against Jacob for warmth in the tent scene, the green and white hat she wore constantly moves; in one part it was over her right eyebrow, in another it isn't.
When Jacob is carrying Bella up the mountain, her right sleeve keeps moving up and down her arm.
When Edward is by the left side of Bella's bed, someone appears to be moving on the right side of the bed.
Marketing
On March 10, 2010, Summit Entertainment released a 10-second teaser trailer and announced that the full trailer would be released the following day. The trailer also premiered two days before Robert Pattinson 's other movie, Remember me, on March 12, 2010.
Both the teaser and full trailer can be viewed here . The song playing in the background of the first trailer is "Calamity" by Two Steps From Hell. On April 23, 2010, Summit released one final trailer of Eclipse, which used the song "Underworld" by Two Steps From Hell as well.
DVD and Blu-Ray
Eclipse was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on December 4th in the US, December 1st in Australia, and December 6 in the UK. Special features on the two-disc special edition include:
Edward and Jacob "fast forwards"
6-part making-of documentary
| i don't know |
Which word describes a monologue where an actor addresses an audience by speaking his thoughts aloud? | Drama: Glossary | Arts Online
Drama: Glossary
(Nota Bene: These definitions reflect current usage in the New Zealand drama education context. Many of the terms are used differently in other drama contexts.)
accent: a way of speaking particular to a country, society or culture.
action: (element) what each person in role is doing and thinking, alone and with others.
a day in the life: a process convention that works backwards from an important event in order to explain or give clues about the event; groups create freeze frames of significant moments in the past that cast some light on the event. These freezes are then examined by the participants.
agitprop theatre: a form of street theatre that uses humour, satire, symbolism, song and audience participation to influence audience point of view.
āhua: form, as applied in Māori performing arts.
alienation effect: the creation of a sense of distancing audiences from emotional identification with dramatic action for the purpose of making political or social comment through drama. (Verfremdungseffekt)
alter-ego : a process convention in which students work in pairs, one as the role, one as that role's thoughts. The role plays out the action and dialogue and the alter-ego plays out the inner thoughts and feelings.
annotate: make notes on the script about performance details such as interpretations, motivations, moves, blocking and intonation patterns.
antagonist: the character who is a foil to the protagonist, providing the obstacle or opposing force against which the protagonist must work.
art work: a product of art-making activity (for example, a devised drama, play script, comedy sketch).
articulation: the use of the lips, teeth and tongue to make sounds or the clarity with which words are uttered.
aside: a performance convention in which a line spoken by a character directly to the audience is not heard by other actors onstage.
back to back: a process convention in which two people explore ideas in drama while seated or standing back-to-back.
blanket role: a process convention in which all the participants take the same role within a whole-group role play. It is often used with younger students because it is a non-threatening way for them to begin to work in drama.
body language: communication that uses gestures, posture and facial expression instead of or as well as words.
building belief: the period spent in developing understanding and belief in the dramatic context; also called the initiation phase.
caption : a process convention in which audience groups reflect on the image by creating a caption, headline or title.
ceremony: a process convention in which students, either in small groups or as a whole group, plan and carry out a ceremony to celebrate something of significance.
chorus (of) movement: a convention in which a group moves together with a sense of purpose to heighten the moment or to create a particular visual or spatial effect.
chorus/chorus of voice: a convention used in performance and process drama in which individuals or groups provide spoken explanation or commentary on the main action of a drama.
circular role: a process convention in which groups of participants choose roles as particular characters and a leader in role as a central character improvises drama with each group in turn, linking the characters and getting a variety of responses to a common concern; also sometimes called circular drama.
collage of voice: a convention used in performance and process drama in which participants in role select a line of dialogue and improvise layering of voices.
collective character: a process convention in which a group speaks for a character, with one person representing the character without speaking while the rest of the group improvises his or her words. Alternatively an individual takes on the role while the rest of the group whisper advice and offer lines of dialogue to be spoken by the person in role. It can work as a dialogue.
collective mapping: a process convention in which a group draws a map together to represent the place where the drama is set, providing a concrete representation for the ideas that are being developed; also known as making maps.
commedia dell'arte: an improvised style of comedy popular during the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, originating in Italy and involving stock characters and the use of masks.
compilation: a devised drama structure that explains an idea or theme or subject through the use of self-contained scenes or vignettes. Each scene is independent of the others but unified by its connection to the central idea or theme. (montage)
conventions: established ways of working in drama (for example, hot seating, role on the wall, freeze-frame images) that explore meaning or deepen understanding; or established practices in theatre (for example, the soliloquy, aside).
cue: the signal (verbal or physical) for an actor to deliver his/her next line; the signal for a lighting change or sound effect.
culture: understandings, patterns of behaviour, practices, values, and symbol systems that are acquired, preserved, and transmitted by a group of people and that can be embodied in art works.
defining space: the process by which participants discuss, plan and set up the physical environment in which their drama will occur. Negotiation and decision-making are important aspects because they help participants to build their belief in and commitment to the drama. This is also known as shaping space.
devised drama: drama that is developed for performance without originating from a script, although a script may be developed as part of the process.
direction: where an actor moves to on the stage. This will often have meaning or effect for the audience.
doughnut circle: a process convention in which the participants carry out paired conversations in two groups standing in two concentric circles, with each participant representing a different person's perspective.
dramatic space: the physical environment in which drama occurs.
elements of drama: the key ingredients of drama (that is, role, time, space, action, tension, focus).
energy: the intensity of the movement or voice rather than just speed or volume. A movement could be slow and still have high energy: an utterance soft but still delivered with high energy.
epic theatre: a theatre genre developed by Bertolt Brecht which uses a particular set of conventions and where the performance is presented directly to the audience which is encouraged to respond intellectually to the issues in the play rather than emotionally identifying with characters or action.
fale'aitu: traditional Samoan comic theatre, usually addressing social issues or problems.
flashback or flashforward: a structural convention which involves shifting backwards or forwards in time so that participants or the audience can experience or investigate action or context from another perspective.
focus: (element) the concentration of meaning and the giving of shape to experience in order to form drama.
focus: (2) the specific point of attention on stage at any moment created by the shaping of any aspect or aspects of the dramatic experience in such a way as to purposefully direct the attention of the audience.
focus: (3) personal concentration and commitment to the role and action.
form: the compositional structure or structures that shape a dramatic work; or a broad category of drama, which may include within it a number of styles (for example, puppetry is a form, and glove puppets, marionettes, and shadow puppets are styles).
forum theatre: a theatre form created by Augusto Boal in which a problem or dilemma is enacted by a group while others observe. The observers (spectactors) have the right to stop the action whenever they feel it is losing direction or authenticity. The person who stopped the drama then steps in and takes over the role in order to redirect the action.
found object: a process convention in which drama is inspired by objects found in the environment.
frame: the viewpoint or perspective of a role on the central dramatic action, usually from within the action or on the edge or outside the action, distanced by time or place.
freeze-frame image : a convention used in performance and process drama in which a person or the members of a group use their bodies to make an image capturing an idea, theme, or moment in time; also called a group sculpture or still image or frozen image.
games: games or variations of games can be used to highlight human situations within the context of a process drama.
gesture: a movement of any part of the body that expresses an idea.
gestus: a major function of Brecht's epic theatre. Gestus refers to physical actions which expose an underlying main social theme of a play.
given circumstances: the term that Stanislavski gave to the essential information about characters' past lives and relationships and the circumstances and incidents which are revealed by the playwright.
gossip chorus/circle: a convention in which the group speaks the rumours about an event in the drama, sharing fragments of conversation which can be developed into a chorus work.
groupings: how characters are placed in groups onstage to create an effect or to communicate an idea.
guided depiction: a dramatic reconstruction of a key moment with an accompanying commentary, either by one of the characters or by someone outside the action.
hakari: a Maori celebratory meal or feast.
hot seating: a process convention in which class members question or interview someone who is in role (for example, as a character from a play, a person from history) to bring out additional information, ideas, and attitudes about the role. The class members may or may not be in role.
idea: a visual, auditory, or kinaesthetic concept, or a combination of these, within an arts discipline.
improvisation: spontaneous invention and development of drama without use of scripts or preparation.
inflection: the rise and fall in pitch of the voice.
inner action: the private thoughts, motivation or intention of a character.
interpretation: analysis or appreciation of meaning in an art work by a viewer or listener; or the particular meaning communicated by the performer of an existing art work.
interview: a process convention in which a face to face meeting of two parties in role takes place to ascertain particular information for a purpose.
intonation: patterns of rising and falling of pitch in sound. A rising intonation can signal a question. A falling intonation can signal a person has finished speaking.
issues-based drama: a devised drama structure used to explore and discuss some issue important to the participants. It usually employs the techniques of one of, or a combination of, three noted drama practitioners: Bertolt Brecht, Augusto Boal and Dario Fo.
korero paki: storytelling and riddles.
levels: the use of different heights on the stage achieved by platforms, rostra or stairs; the use of different heights in a group by actors standing, sitting or lying down.
mantle of the expert: a process convention in which the participants become characters endowed with specialist knowledge relevant to the situation of the drama. The situation is usually task-oriented so that expert knowledge or understanding are required to perform the task.
mapping: a process convention in which maps or diagrams are made in order to develop or reflect on drama.
marking the moment : a process convention where, in reflection, participants choose a moment from the drama that had impact for them and use another convention (for example, sculptures, frozen images, overheard thoughts) to reveal the impact.
meaning: what an artist expresses in an art work; or what a viewer or listener understands and interprets from an art work.
meeting: a process convention where students in role take part in a gathering where they might hear information, discuss issues, plan action, make decisions or solve problems.
melodrama: a style of drama which uses stock characters and always portrays a tale of good triumphing over evil. It was an extremely popular form of entertainment throughout the nineteenth century.
mime: a form of theatre performance in which action and character are suggested using gesture, movement, and facial expression without words or sounds.
mokowā: space, as applied in Māori performing arts.
monologue: a lengthy speech for one person. Often a monologue is required for audition.
montage: a series of brief scenes showing contrasting angles on a drama or story and juxtaposed to emphasise the different viewpoints and to add interest to the devised piece.
mood: the emotional dimension or feeling of a play scene or moment in the action.
motif: a distinctive idea, image or sound that is repeated throughout a work, or that underpins a work, so that the theme of the motif resonates through the work.
narration: a performance convention in which a person narrates the action that occurs within a drama.
narrative: a devised drama structure which tells a story with events linked by cause and effect and usually leads to a climax. The narrative structure may be chronologically linear or employ flashbacks or flash-forwards to tell the story.
naturalism: a theatre form requiring the actor to identify with the psychology and consequent behaviour of their character. The naturalist plays of writers such as Ibsen and Chekhov provided the fundamental building blocks for Stanislavski's system for acting.
negotiated text: a process convention in which students independently write a line of dialogue. The lines are redistributed so that no one has his/her own line. In groups, students negotiate a scene making sense of the lines. As a variation, this negotiation can be done silently (silent negotiation) .
news reports: a process convention in which students in role as either radio or television news readers present a news item they have written.
open script: a script that has few or no stage directions, set or character description. Often characters are merely identified as 'A', 'B', 'C' ...
outer action: what the actor does physically to achieve what a character wants. The outer action is affected by the inner action. It is the manifestation of the inner action.
overheard conversation: a convention used in performance and process drama in which a conversation that would not normally be overheard by others is disclosed in order to add tension or provide information. The conversation can be heard in a variety of ways - a telephone conversation, one side of a telephone conversation, in groups, in pairs or individually.
pace: the speed with which a character speaks or with which a body of text is delivered (for example, how fast the cues are).
paired conversation: a convention used in performance and process drama in which two characters in a drama carry out a conversation expressing their different perspectives on a central topic.
pause: a break between words in a character's speech or between the end of one character's speech and the beginning of the next.
performance poetry: interpreting a poem using voice and movement to portray meaning through performance.
personal space: the space around an individual that makes him/her feel uncomfortable if someone else intrudes; this will vary with different characters and relationships.
pitch: the relative highness or lowness of tone of the voice.
playing against : when an actor plays a scene or lines with an emotion that is contrary to what he/she is really feeling (for example, being very angry but delivering the lines in a quiet and measured way).
posture: describes the way a person stands or sits (slumped, upright, stooped).
prepared improvisation: invention and development of drama with limited preparation. Rehearsal of lines is not part of this process.
presentational: a style of performance in which actors in the drama recognise and directly address audiences by such devices as asides, documentary commentary and Brechtian devices.
pretext: the "hook" that activates the drama. It could be a story, an image, a headline, a song or any number of different things.
projection: the control of the volume and the quality of the voice so that it can be heard clearly.
process: the sequence of steps needed to achieve a dramatic outcome (for example, devising a play, putting on a production, making puppets).
process conventions: strategies for working in process drama.
process drama: a form of drama in which the purpose is to participate in learning, inquiry, or discovery rather than to present drama to an external audience.
props: (properties): real life objects that characters use in drama.
protagonist: the first, the principal character; originally the only character who stood out from the chorus in ancient Greek drama.
reflective circle: a process convention in which students stand in a circle and one at a time contribute a sentence reflecting on the drama work.
realism: a theatre form based on the notion of art impersonating life. Realist theatre is traditionally performed on a proscenium arch stage.
reo: voice, as applied in Māori performing arts.
representational: a style of drama where actors seek to portray reality through dramatic action by creating a world which the audience observe but are separate from.
Restoration Theatre: a period of English drama dating from 1660 (with the re-opening of the theatres after the Commonwealth) to the early 1700s.
ritual: this convention used in performance and process drama involves stylised enactment bound by traditional rules and usually repetitious in nature. It is a powerful means of moving participants more deeply into the drama because it enables them to recognise the importance of their actions.
role: (element) the imaginative identity taken on by an actor.
role-in-role: a convention used in performance and process drama in which the participants act as actors acting.
role on the wall: a process convention in which an important role is represented in picture form "on the wall" (usually on a large sheet of paper) so that information can be collectively read or added to as a drama progresses.
role-playing: using the imagination to identify with someone else in order to explore and represent experience from their perspective or viewpoint; also called being in role .
sculpting : a process convention where, either individually or as a group, the participants create a sculpture to convey meaning .
silent negotiation: a process convention where, after students write a line of dialogue independently, the lines are redistributed so that no one has their own line. Then, in small groups, students silently negotiate the sequence of these lines to make a scene.
situation: the set of circumstances at a particular moment in the action.
slow motion: a convention used in performance and process drama in which movement, expressions and gestures are slowed down and exaggerated to heighten tension or isolate an important moment.
social text: an art work that refers to the society or culture in which it is made and that reflects the dynamics within that society or culture.
soliloquy: a performance convention where a speech delivered by a character alone onstage reveals that character's innermost thoughts.
soundscape: a sequence of sounds shaped to enhance action and mood in a drama.
source: poems, stories, newspapers, books, artefacts, diaries, personal experiences, songs, visual art, film clips or anything a pretext is sourced from.
space: (element) the place where, imaginatively, the action occurs within a drama.
speaking thoughts aloud: a convention used in performance and process drama in which the action freezes and a character speaks his/her thoughts aloud in order to add tension, provide information, or for some other purpose; also can be called spoken thoughts.
spectactors: what the audience become when to enter the dramatic action in order to transform its outcome. It is an innovation used mainly for political purposes by Augusto Boal and others.
split focus: having two different dialogues or actions happening simultaneously on stage. Split focus can be used deliberately to strong effect but may also occur unintentionally in an improvised context.
spoken diary: a convention, used in performance and process drama for reflecting on the action in the drama, in which the character writes a diary or letter speaking the contents aloud and thereby explaining his /her feelings to the audience or other participants.
statementing: a process convention. Students stand in a circle. A chair in the middle has a prop on it to signal role. Those in the circle take the role of someone who knows the person signalled in the chair, for example, family friend, neighbour, family member. Everyone moves and stands in relation to the chair according to how well they know the "chair" person. The teacher moves round the group and collects a statement from the roles about the "chair" person.
storytelling: a performance convention in which a story is presented through action, dialogue, and narration (by an external narrator or by characters within the drama).
style : a specialised type of drama within a broader form (for example, commedia dell'arte is a style within the form of mask comedy); or the recognised manner or distinguishing way in which a particular type of drama is created and presented and according to which it is interpreted. Style often relates to a particular historical period, movement, writer, or performer.
subtext: the unspoken thought or motivation underlying dialogue.
symbol: the use of a character, prop or aspect of the set to exemplify an idea (for example, a red rose to represent love; white as a sign of purity or innocence).
tag role: participants in an improvisation can be tagged or appeal to be tagged and so replaced in the improvisation by another group member. The object is to keep the flow of the improvisation no matter how many people participate.
tauhanga: body stance, as applied in Māori performing arts.
teacher in role: a process convention and teaching strategy where the teacher manages a class from within a drama by taking a role to deepen and extend students' inquiry and learning.
technique: a particular method or procedure used to achieve a specific purpose. In drama, the term relates to the use of voice, body (for example, facial expression and gesture), movement and use of space.
technologies: equipment that helps to create, present, explain, document, analyse, view, interpret, or learn about dramatic work (for example, puppets, masks, lighting, props, sounds, costumes, recording equipment).
telephone conversations: a one way conversation where the group only hears one side of the dialogue; or a two-way conversation devised in pairs to illuminate a situation or to inform or to advance plot. Telephone conversations may be used to create outside pressure or to introduce new information.
tension: (element) where mental pressure or emotional intensity is used to provoke a response, focus attention, or heighten involvement.
text: any expressive work (artistic or otherwise) that can be "read", whether it uses words, images, or sounds.
Theatre of the Absurd: a form of theatre in which language is unconventional and in which political and social problems are examined and presented in unconventional ways.
Theatre of Oppression: a form of theatre, developed and used by Augusto Boal, which examines the problems of oppressed peoples. (Theatre of the Oppressed)
theatre piece: a process convention where the teacher or a small group prepares and rehearses a piece of theatre as a pretext.
this way/that way: a convention used in performance and process drama that highlights different characters' interpretations of the same event by enacting versions from different perspectives with especial attention to details.
thought tapping: a process convention in which the action freezes and a leader moves among the participants, tapping individual's shoulders to activate the speaking aloud of the thoughts of that role.
thought tracking: a reflective process convention that reveals the private thoughts of roles at specific moments in the action.
time: (element) when (time of day, year, period) the dramatic action takes place; or the action can take place in "real time" or "dramatic time" when the action is shorter or even longer than real time.
timing: the execution of a line or movement at a specific moment to achieve the most telling effect.
vignette: an improvised scene refined to capture a snapshot of a moment.
voices in the head: a process convention in which a participant who is not in role speaks the thoughts of another person who is in role. It can be facilitated by a teacher freezing the action in a scene and nominating a student from the audience to stand beside or make physical contact with a student in the frozen scene and speak the "voice in the head" of that role.
volume: describes how loud or soft the voice or sound is.
wall of thought: a process convention in which participants stand in two rows and, as a character walks between them, the participants speak the thoughts that may be in the character's head or offer the character advice, or make comments about the character, either as themselves or in role as other characters; also known as conscience alley or wall of conscience.
whole-group role play: a process convention in which all the participants are in role and in an imagined setting so that everyone is involved in the drama at the same time and shaping the drama while it is in progress. This strategy can be very powerful when a teacher works from within the action.
writing in role: a convention that involves writing as the character, using the character's voice to express his/her thoughts and/or feelings about the situation. The writing may take different forms; dairies, letters, reports, text messages, reviews, statements.
| Soliloquy |
The Aldeburgh Festival was founded in 1948 by Benjamin Britten, Eric Crozier and which tenor? | What do the terms soliloquy and monologue mean? | eNotes
What do the terms soliloquy and monologue mean?
bmadnick | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Senior Educator
Posted on
April 21, 2007 at 9:01 AM
Soliloquy is when a character talks aloud on stage in order for the audience to know what he/she is thinking. This is the only way a playwright has of allowing the audience to get inside the character's mind. A monologue is when a person on stage is talking to the audience, such as Jay Leno when he delivers his opening jokes.
like 1 dislike 0
renelane | High School Teacher | (Level 3) Educator
Posted on
April 6, 2007 at 7:42 AM
A soliloquy and a monologue are similar in that they are both speeches made by a single person. The difference is that a monologue is intended to be heard by an audience, such as many late night hosts use a monologue format to entertain.
A soliloquy is usually meant to give an audience insight into a characters thoughts. Basically, the person is talking to him/herself.
like 1 dislike 0
mstinson | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Adjunct Educator
Posted on
April 4, 2007 at 11:07 AM
Monologue - refers to a speech by one person in a drama, a form of entertainment by a single speaker, or an extended part of the text of a play uttered by an actor.
Soliloquy - a speech delivered by a character in a play or other literature while alone, or an utterance by a person who is talking to him/herself, disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present. This technique is frequently used to disclose a character’s innermost feeling, such as thoughts, state of mind, motives, and intentions or to provide information needed by the audience or reader.
Sources:
William Delaney | (Level 3) Distinguished Educator
Posted on
July 8, 2014 at 6:06 AM
John Barton, the distinguished British director and Shakespeare authority, produced a fascinating series of workshop sessions on "Playing Shakespeare" which are available on four DVDs. Here is an excerpt from the article on Barton in Wikipedia:
In 1982, while working with 21 [Royal Shakespeare Company] members, including Judi Dench , Ian McKellen , Patrick Stewart , Michael Pennington , David Suchet , Sinéad Cusack , Ben Kingsley , Roger Rees , Jane Lapotaire and Peggy Ashcroft , Barton recorded nine workshop sessions for London Weekend Television. These programs, together entitled Playing Shakespeare, were aired that year and became the source material for Barton’s best-selling book of the same name. Though stiff in his resolve against writing on the subject of performing the plays of William Shakespeare, the surprising success of his nine-part televised series convinced Barton of the desire, and of the requisite necessity, for this book. It, too, found great international success, and remains a most popular guide with working actors, (as well as those aspiring to be working actors), who study and train upon the works and words of The Bard of Avon. Playing Shakespeare, the ITV series, is now available on DVD.
One of the sessions was devoted to Barton's instructions on delivering soliloquies, including those in Hamlet. It was Barton's expressed conviction that all soliloquies should be delivered to somebody and should not be acted as if they were internal monologues of the character. In the many instances in which the actor is entirely alone on the stage, he should, according to Barton, address the soliloquy to the audience. Barton has some of the assembled actors and actresses demonstrate this method of soliloquizing, and it seems very convincing. The actors chosen to give demonstrations seem much more natural and comfortable when addressing the audience directly.
There are cases in Shakespeare in which Barton would say that the actor would not be addressing the audience in a soliloquy. An example would be King Lear's famous speech in Act 3, Scene 2, beginning with
Blow winds, and crack your cheeks!
Lear is not talking to himself but to the winds.
Another good example would be Antony's soliloquy in Act 3, Scene 1 of Julius Caesar, beginning with
O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth,
That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
Antony would be addressing the corpse of Caesar throughout this soliloquy.
The important point is that all soliloquies in Shakespeare, according to John Barton, were intended to be addressed either to the theater audience or to some person, dead or alive, or some thing, visible or invisible. This would include Hamlet's famous soliloquy beginning, "To be, or not to be: that is the question" (Act 3, Scene 1), and the soliloquy highlighted here which begins with "O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!"
The four DVDs titled "Playing Shakespeare" are highly recommended. They are available on Netflix and probably at many public libraries. Some of the actors who participated will be very familiar--though much younger looking. David Suchet is best known for playing Hercule Poirot in the TV series. Patrick Stewart starred in a motion picture production of Macbeth. Ben Kingsley won an Academy Award for his starring role in the movie Gandhi (1982).
Sources:
| i don't know |
George and Mildred and Robin’s Nest were spinoffs from which 1970s sitcom? | TV: MAN ABOUT THE HOUSE, GEORGE AND MILDRED, ROBIN’S NEST | Laughterlog.com
TV: MAN ABOUT THE HOUSE, GEORGE AND MILDRED, ROBIN’S NEST
by Peter Tatchell
By the early 1970s, British television comedy was able to push back a few boundaries. A decade of Steptoe And Son, Till Death Us Do Part and Monty Python’s Flying Circus had resulted in a more liberal attitude to what was permissable on living room tv screens, with concepts now able to reflect some of the things that were actually happening out there in the real world.
In 1973, writers Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke (the men responsible for Father Dear Father, and contributors to the latter days of Round The Horne) had an idea for a sitcom about three young people sharing a flat in suburbia. The twist was that two were girls and one was a guy, and though there would be lots of sexual repartee and the occasional weakening of resolve, nothing would actually happen.
Thames Television liked the idea and commissioned a series of seven half hours. The pivotal role of Robin Tripp (the thorn among the roses) was taken by one-time child actor Richard O’Sullivan, recently seen as sycophantic medico Lawrence Bingham in Doctor At Large and Doctor In Charge. His flatmates Chrissy and Jo were played by Paula Wilcox (who had partnered Richard Beckinsale in The Lovers) and Sally Thomsett (one of the participants in The Railway Children). Rounding out the cast, and to represent the older generation, were the landlords George and Mildred Roper (Brian Murphy and sitcom perennial Yootha Joyce).
The Ropers were an odd couple to be sure … she, an over-age refugee from the swinging sixties (in thought and fashion), and he, a self-centred layabout (or, to use Mildred’s description, a “nasty little toe-rag”) with the mind of an adolescent and the manners of a five-year-old.
As the series begins, Jo and Chrissy are recovering from a wild sendoff party for the third girl in their flat (who is getting married). Amongst the flotsam littering the apartment they find cookery student Robin who has spent the night sleeping it off in the bathtub. In need of someone new to help share the rent, and enticed by his culinary skills, they suggest he move in … but on the proviso he’s only getting lodgings.
Thus began six seasons of comic byplay highlighting the romantic pursuits of the tenants upstairs and the marital bickerings of the landlords below. Along the way, we meet a handful of periferal characters like Robin’s mate Larry (played by Doug Fisher), who arrives as an unwanted house guest before moving into the attic, and George’s handyman friend Jerry (one of Roy Kinnear’s many classic portrayals).
In 1974 the series spawned a spinoff movie (which premiered at Christmas) with all the original cast taking part, along with comedy greats Spike Milligan and Arthur Lowe, plus a gallery of sitcom faces like Michael Robbins, Jack Smethurst, Bill Pertwee, Melvyn Hayes and Bill Maynard.
In 1976, it was decided to allow Man About The House to evolve into two new series featuring the show’s most popular characters. Would Robin finally get Chrissy to fall for him (after thirty-nine episodes of lustful pursuit) and ride off into a sequel? The writers thought not, and a mere three stories before the finale, introduced Robin’s older brother, Norman, who makes his first visit to the flat and it’s love at first sight. He and Chrissy tie the knot in the show’s last edition (and are never heard of again).
Five months later, we see the Ropers moving up in the world to their own house in a more genteel neighbourhood. In George And Mildred, the couple find themselves keeping up with the Joneses (or, in this case, the Fourmileses) the economically-correct family next door. Wife Anne (Sheila Fearn) hits it off with Mildred from day one, but husband Jeffrey (played by Norman Eshley, an actor who looks remarkably like the fellow who made off with Chrissy a mere sitcom ago) feels George is a waste of space, who’s now residing far too near his space. To further populate matters, the Fourmiles have a precocious youngster, Tristram (Nicholas Bond-Owen), who has his own special way of tormenting George.
With one set of antagonists not enough, the writers introduced a second pair, in the form of Mildred’s snobbish sister Ethel and her well-off husband Humphrey (played by Avril Elgar and Reginald Marsh) who make several appearances throughout the show’s run. Other plot advancements included a baby for the Fourmile family and George getting a job that suited his personality … that of traffic warden.
In 1979, following the success of Man About The House (and numerous other seventies sitcoms) George And Mildred made it to the big screen as well. The duo also appeared in a stage production (which eventually toured far-off Australia), though trivialists will note the pair first trod the boards as ugly sisters in the 1976 pantomime Cinderella at the London Palladium (which also starred Richard O’Sullivan as Buttons).
The series ended on a sad note, when Yootha Joyce died suddenly just before the movie was released, leaving her co-star (and millions of fans) stunned.
Meanwhile (back in 1977), the character of Robin Tripp had survived the heartbreaking loss of his lady love by shacking up with an air hostess, Vicky (played by Tessa Wyatt) and launching his own restaurant Robin’s Nest. (Apparently special permission from the I.B.A. had to be given before lead characters in a sitcom could be seen co-habitating before wedlock had been performed!).
Needing finance, Robin agrees to let her father, James Nicholls (Tony Britton), invest in the enterprise. The businessman feels a day-to-day involvement, keeping an eye on his daughter as well as his money, should be part of the deal and before long Robin feels he’s being usurped under his very roof.
Entering the fray, in search of employment, comes a one-armed Irishman Albert Riddle (played by two-armed actor David Kelly). Despite his handicap (in the hand department, there’s a deficiency of one), he is engaged as dishwasher. Kelly had some wonderful moments of black humour with the role … on one occasion he’s seen helping a customer on with his jacket and (by force of habit) puts the left sleeve in the leftside coat pocket.
Other characters making an appearance include Nicholls’s ex-wife (played in the earlier episodes by Honor Blackman, but later by Barbara Murray) and, after Robin and Vicky have duly married and in the best sitcom tradition had twins, restaurant help Gertrude (Peggy Aitchison). Needless to say, Albert and Gertrude form an emotional bond in the fullness of time.
Writers Mortimer and Cooke only provided storylines for about a quarter of the episodes as by 1978 they had moved on to oversee the U.S. version of their original incarnation, there titled Three’s Company. Like the Till Death Us Do Part adaptation All In The Family, it was another huge success, eventually leading to the American spinoffs The Ropers and Three’s A Crowd*.
For the British series, ex-Doctor In The House alumnus George Layton and a plethora of other sitcom scripters contributed the majority of the plots.
Robin’s Nest was the least popular of the three ventures but, strangely, yielded more episodes. When it concluded (in March 1981) the characters of Robin Tripp and the Ropers faded into video history.
* For the full story of these productions, including episode guides, see Come And Knock On Our Door by Chris Mann (St. Martins Press paperback, 1998).
all scripts by Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke
Season 1: ITV August 15 to September 26 1973 (7 x 25 min)
Three’s A Crowd
Chrissy and Jo want Robin to move in but think the only way the Ropers will agree is if they’re under the impression he’s gay
And Mother Makes Four
The girls want Robin to disappear when Chrissy’s mother wants to stay for the night
Some Enchanted Evening
Chrissy wants Robin to prepare a meal to impress her date
And Then There Were Two
Chrissie feels nervous when she’s left alone in the flat with Robin
It’s Only Money
When the rent money disappears, the flatmates have to come up with ideas to raise some cash
Match Of The Day
Robin’s big chance of playing with the college football team is threatened by a dose of the flu
No Children, No Dogs
Robin is given a puppy which has to be hidden from the Ropers
* All Star Christmas Spectacular (ITV December 25 1973) featured a short Man About The House segment
Season 2: ITV January 9 to February 13 1974 (6 x 25 min)
While The Cat’s Away
Robin and the girls throw a party when the Ropers are away for the night
Colour Me Yellow
Robin ends up looking like a coward when confronted by a bully in the pub
In Praise Of Older Men
Chrissy feels frustrated with dating youths so decides to turn her attention to someone a bit more mature
Did You Ever Meet Rommel?
The flatmates aren’t sure Mr. Roper will get on with their German dinner guest
Two Foot Two, Eyes Of Blue
While babysitting with Chrissy, Robin considers the romantic possibilities of the evening
Carry Me Back To Old Southampton
After failing his exams, Robin contemplates returning home to live with his family
Season 3: ITV October 9 to November 20 1974 (7 x 25 min)
Cuckoo In The Nest
Robin’s friend Larry causes trouble by moving in
Come Into My Parlour
Chrissy tries to wreck Robin’s romantic evening
I Won’t Dance, Don’t Ask Me
Chrissy talks Robin into accompanying her to the firm’s formal dance
Of Mice And Women
The appearance of a mouse in the flats creates opportunities for both Robin and Mr. Roper
Somebody Out There Likes Me
Chrissy finds she has an unknown admirer, but who can it be?
We Shall Not Be Moved
Mr. Roper wants to convert the building into self-contained units
Three Of A Kind
Chrissy wants to join in Robin’s all-male poker school
Season 4: ITV March 6 to April 10 1975 (6 x 25 min)
Home And Away
Robin and Chrissy use Mr. Roper’s decrepit car to drive to a football match out of town
One For The Road
There’s trouble brewing when Mr. Roper decides to make his own beer
All In The Game
Mr. Roper’s layabout friend Jerry is called in when woodworm is found in the flats
Never Give Your Real Name
Larry has used Robin’s name during a romantic encounter with a girl who is now pregnant
The Tender Trap
Chrissy’s mother is unhappy with her daughter’s marital situation
My Son, My Son
Robin has to pretend to be Mr. Roper’s non-existant son to thwart a tax investigation
Season 5: ITV September 4 to October 9 1975 (6 x 25 min)
The Last Picture Show
Chrissy’s home movie gets mixed up with Mr. Roper’s adult one
Right, Said George
Chrissy agrees to teach Robin how to play the piano but moving the Roper’s upright upstairs is not easy
A Little Knowledge
Robin has come up with a new moneymaking venture
Love And Let Love
When Robin interrupts Chrissy’s romantic evening with her boyfriend, he wonders if she’ll try to get even
How Does Your Garden Grow?
While clearing the overgrown garden, a strange looking weed catches everyone’s eye
Come Fly With Me
George buys Mildred a female budgie as an anniversary present
Season 6: ITV February 25 to April 7 1976 (7 x 25 min)
The Party’s Over
Following an argument, Mildred walks out on George
One More For The Pot
When Mr. Roper announces he’s putting up the rent, Robin and the girls consider taking in a fourth flatmate
The Generation Game
Robin’s romantic dinner with Chrissy is interrupted with the arrival of two extra mouths to feed
The Sunshine Boys
The flatmates want to use Mr. Roper’s sunlamp to prepare them for their holidays
Mum Always Liked You Best
The girls are fascinated to meet Robin’s older brother Norman
Fire Down Below
Robin and Norman fight it out over Chrissy’s affections
Another Bride, Another Groom
Chrissy’s wedding is thrown into turmoil when Robin drops the cake he has created
GEORGE AND MILDRED
all scripts by Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke
Season 1: ITV September 6 to November 8 1976 (10 x 25 min)
Moving On
The Ropers move to a new house in middle-class suburbia
The Bad Penny
George and Mildred get to know their neighbours and an invisible dog
And Women Must Weep
The Ropers need employment … but Mildred ends up with the job
Baby Talk
George and Mildred consider adoption
Your Money Or Your Life
George is worried when he finds out he’s more valuable to Mildred if he’s dead
Where My Caravan Has Rested
George buys a ramshackle caravan
The Little Dog Laughed
George becomes jealous of Mildred’s devotion to her dog and then accidentally loses it
Best Foot Forward
George blames Jeffrey Fourmile for his broken leg and intends to sue him
My Husband Next Door
When the Roper’s television breaks down it’s bad news for the neighbours
Family Planning
Mildred wants her elderly mother to move in, but George threatens to move out
Season 2: ITV November 14 to December 26 1977 (7 x 25 min)
Jumble Pie
George is heartbroken at the loss of his budgie
All Around The Clock
George surprises Mildred with an unexpected anniversary present
The Travelling Man
A commercial traveller boards with the Ropers
The Unkindest Cut Of All
Mildred’s well-off sister and her husband come to dinner
The Right Way To Travel
The Ropers consider joining the Conservative Party to get a cheap holiday
The Dorothy Letters
Mildred finds some secret letters George has written
No Business Like Show Business
The Ropers are to appear in a local stage production but Mildred loses her voice
Season 3: ITV September 7 to October 12 1978 (6 x 25 min)
Opportunity Knocks
George tries to sell the house without Mildred’s knowledge to finance a hare-brained scheme
And So To Bed
Mildred wants a new bed but George has been banned from the hire-purchase scheme
I Believe In Yesterday
Mildred renews acquaintance with an old wartime flame
The Four-Letter Word
George gets a job with his brother-in-law Humphrey, the wholesale offal merchant
The Delivery Man
George has to use his motorbike to take Anne to hospital
Life With Father
George’s father doesn’t like being a resident at the old folks’ home
Season 4: ITV November 16 to December 27 1978 (7 x 25 min)
Just The Job
George gets a job as a traffic warden
Days Of Beer And Rosie
Owing to a past indescretion by George, it looks like Mildred has become a step-grandmother
You Must Have Showers
Jerry is hired to install Mildred’s new shower
All Work And No Pay
George is sacked from his traffic warden job
Nappy Days
George manages to misplace the Fourmile’s new baby
The Mating Game
George sees Truffles as a moneymaking proposition in providing pedigreed pups
The Second Day Of Christmas
The Ropers have had a most uninteresting Christmas
Season 5: ITV October 24 and October 30 to December 25 1979 (repeats on Nov 20 and Dec 11) (8 x 25 min)
In Sickness And In Health
When Mildred unexpectedly arrives home from hospital, she finds George has a house guest
Finders Keepers
George somehow manages to remember it’s their 25th wedding anniversary
The Last Straw
Still not feeling accepted in the local social set, Mildred decides to revisit the old neighbourhood
A Driving Ambition
Mildred pretends she is doing a fitness course but in reality is learning to drive
A Military Pickle
His brother Charlie insists George was an army deserter
Fishy Business
George takes up homing pigeons to replace his goldfish which has disappeared down a drain
I Gotta Horse
The Ropers think Mildred’s china horse could be worth a fortune
Twenty-Six-Year Itch
George has arranged some entertainment to keep him busy while Mildred is off to a Young Conservatives dinner dance
ROBIN’S NEST
scripts by Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke (unless noted)
Season 1: ITV January 11 to February 22 1977 (7 x 25 min)
Sleeping Partners
Robin has moved in with his air-hostess girlfriend Vicky
The Bistro Kids
The bistro’s opening day is beset with problems, including a visit from the local health inspector
A Little Competition
The rivalry with the restaurant next door takes an unexpected turn
The Material Triangle
Vicky wants to introduce Robin to her mother
Piggy In The Middle
Vicky’s father wants to redecorate the restaurant’s interior
A Matter Of Note
A forged £10 note turns up at the bistro
Oh, Happy Day
Robin and Vicky decide to have a quiet relatives-free wedding at a registry office
Season 2: ITV February 23 to March 30 1978 (6 x 25 min)
As Long As He Needs Me
Vicky has to tend to her father who has strained his back
The Seven Pound Fiddle
Mr. Nicholls sacks Albert when he thinks money has been stolen from the day’s takings
Ups And Downs
Robin and Mr. Nicholls find themselves locked in the bistro’s cellar
Three Times Table
The bistro adopts a continental flavour by putting tables on the footpath
Great Expectations
Marriage is again on the cards when Vicky believes she’s pregnant
Love And Marriage
Robin and Vicky finally make it to the altar and think about cashing in Mr. Nicholls’s present
Season 3: ITV September 25 to December 1978 (13 x 25 min)
You Need Hands (by Bernard McKenna)
Mr. Nicholls hires an ageing pianist to perform at the bistro
The Candidate (by David Norton and Roger Taylor)
When Vicky’s father runs in the council election he uses the restaurant as his headquarters
Just Desserts (by Bernard McKenna)
An old flame of Mr. Nicholls turns up at the bistro
Away From All What? (by Terence Brady and Charlotte Bingham)
Robin needs a replacement chef so he can have a holiday with Vicky
England Expects (by David Norton and Roger Taylor)
Mr. Nicholls arranges for Robin’s Nest to be the venue for his regimental reunion
Once Two Is Three (by Jon Watkins)
Robin is considering opening a restaurant in far-away Brighton
Dinner Date (by Terence Feely)
Vicky’s father rekindles romance with a ladyfriend who’s been living overseas
Everything You Wish Yourself (by Willis Hall)
A mix-up in birhday dates causes confusion at the bistro
Be It Ever So Humble (by Ken Hoare)
Albert hands in his notice
Day Trippers (by Bernard McKenna)
Robin and Vicky’s picnic is anything but peaceful
The Long Distance Runner (by Jon Watkins)
Suspicions are aroused when Robin suddenly takes up early-morning jogging
At Harm’s Length (by Terence Brady and Charlotte Bingham)
Vicky believes her uncle is being unfaithful
The Happy Hen (by Dave Freeman)
Vicky’s father buys the premises next door and sets up an omelette restaurant
Season 4: ITV February 22 to April 5 1979 (7 x 25 min)
Should Auld Acquantaince (by Dave Freeman)
One of Robin’s ex-girlfriends arrives to review the restaurant
Person Friday Required (by Adele Rose)
Vicky thinks she is being taken for granted so gets another job
Lost Weekend (by Adele Rose)
A holiday to Portugal is interrupted by a visit from Vicky’s mother
Too Many Waiters Spoil The Bistro (by Bernard McKenna)
When a new waiter is required, everyone hires an applicant
September Song (by George Layton)
Vicky’s father is feeling old and needs cheering up
Sorry Partner (by David Norton and Roger Taylor)
Nicholls and his sporting partner are chasing the same ladyfriend
Albert’s Ball (by Richard Waring and Gail Renard)
After twelve months’ employment at the bistro, Albert is hoping for an anniversary party
Christmas Special: ITV December 27 1979 (25 min)
Christmas At Robin’s Nest (by George Layton)
Season 5: ITV January 8 to February 12 1980 (6 x 25 min)
Pastures New (by George Layton)
With Albert no longer washing the dishes, Vicky’s father is forced to lend a hand
A Man Of Property (by George Layton)
Robin begins looking for a bigger house for when the baby arrives
If You Pass “Go” Collect 200 (by George Layton)
Robin decides to buy out his father-in-law’s stake in the bistro
Never Look A Gift Horse (by Adele Rose)
Nicholls ex-wife wants to shower the baby with presents
Just An Old-Fashioned Girl (by Adele Rose)
The bistro becomes a hotbed of romance
Great Expectations (by George Layton)
Vicky seems to be the only one remaining calm about the upcoming birth
Christmas Special: ITV December 24 1980 (25 min)
No Room At The Inn
Vicky’s mother is forced to stay with her ex-husband when she comes to visit the twins
Season 6: ITV February 17 to March 31 1981 (7 x 25 min)
Move Over Darling (by George Layton)
Robin employs someone to take over Vicky’s duties at the bistro
The Homecoming (by George Layton)
Rivalry erupts over whose car should be used to bring home Vicky and the twins
No Smoke Without Fire (by George Layton)
Albert is sure Vicky’s father is having an affair with Gertrude
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling (by George Layton)
In need of a break, Robin and Vicky move in with her father
Anniversary Waltz (by George Layton)
A coach party has booked the bistro on the night of Robin and Vicky’s anniversary
Wish You Weren’t Here (by George Layton)
Vicky’s father employs a temporary chef
The Head Hunters Of S.W.6 (by George Layton)
Robin has been offered a job with a big multinational company
Movies
Man About The House (E.M.I./Hammer, 1974. 90 minutes)
starring the television cast, plus Peter Cellier, Patrick Newell, Spike Milligan, Arthur Lowe, Aimi McDonald, Jack Smethurst, Bill Pertwee, Melvyn Hayes, Michael Robbins, Bill Maynard and Julian Orchard
George And Mildred (Chips/I.T.C., 1980. 93 minutes)
starring the television cast, plus Stratford Johns and Kenneth Cope
Books
George And Mildred by Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke (Arrow paperback, 1977)
novelisation (by Roger Bowdler) of the ten episodes of season one
Robin’s Nest by Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke (Arrow paperback, 1977)
novelisation (by Roger Bowdler) of the seven episodes of season one
Man About The House/George and Mildred – The Definitive Companion
by Tex Fisher (Deck Chair Publishing, 2010)
Videos
Jumble Pie / All Around The Clock / The Unkindest Cut Of All
Video Collection LC 0020: Moving On
Video Collection LC 0024: Where My Caravan Has Rested
Thames TV 9973
| Man About the House |
Which year of the twentieth century is known as the Year of the Three Popes? | Robin’s Nest
Robin’s Nest
1 9 7 7 - 1 9 8 1 (UK)
48 x 25 minute episodes (including Christmas specials)
With George And Mildred successfully spun-off from Man About The House , writers Johnnie Mortimer and Brian Cooke turned their attentions to Richard O'Sullivan, the principal figure in that original series.
There he had been Robin Tripp, a catering student, living - without sin, to his chagrin - with two girls. In Robin's Nest he was a newly qualified chef, living very much in sin with his air hostess girlfriend Vicky (Tessa Wyatt, ex-wife of radio DJ Tony Blackburn ).
Keen to open up their own bistro, Robin and Vicky enter into a business partnership with her irascible father James.
Being the co-owner, and a very protective parent who - initially, at least - disapproves of his daughter's choice of boyfriend, James is on the scene all the time as a not-so-silent Silent Partner.
Occasional episodes also featured Vicky's mother, divorced from James, played first by Honor Blackman and then by Barbara Murray.
Bestowing the series its title, the bistro - situated in the Fulham area of London - is called 'Robin's Nest'. Robin and Vicky work there full-time, as does Albert Riddle, a one-armed Irishman with a criminal record, who does the washing-up more with blarney than bubble.
Robin and Vicky were almost married at the end of the first series, and they finally tied the knot at the conclusion of the second. Vicky then gave birth to twins in the fifth, by which time Mortimer and Cooke had long abdicated the writing role - in the series' final three years the pair scripted just one episode.
All the same, by making it clear that Robin and Vicky were unwed yet living and indeed sleeping together, they had scored a first, the 'common-law marriage' situation having never been depicted before in a British sitcom.
Special permission had to be sought from the Independent Broadcasting Authority before the writers were given the go-ahead.
Following the trend to Americanise the Man About The House / George And Mildred franchise, a US version of Robin's Nest was made (called Three's A Crowd ).
Robin Tripp
| i don't know |
The Åland Islands in the Baltic Sea are a region of which country? | Åland Islands | The Countries Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
The Åland Islands is an autonomous region of Finland , located in the Baltic Sea. In 1994 the Åland Islands held a separate referendum which approved the islands accession to the European Union , together with Finland in the following year.
History
Edit
The first security policy issue Finland faced upon becoming independent concerned the Åland Islands. Settled by Swedes in about the sixth century A.D., the islands were administered as part of Finland as long as Sweden was part of the Kingdom of Sweden . In 1809 they were transferred to Russian sovereignty, where they remained until the Russian Revolution. Throughout this period, almost all of the inhabitants of the Åland Islands, the Ålanders, continued to be Swedish speakers. During the chaos of the Russian Revolution, the Ålanders began negotiations to be united with Sweden, a move that was later supported in a plebiscite by 96 percent of the islands' inhabitants. The Swedish government welcomed this move, and in February 1918 sent troops who disarmed the Russian forces and the Red Guards, of the unrecognized Finnish Socialist Conciliar Republic , on the islands. The Finns felt that the Swedish intervention in the Åland Islands represented an unwarranted interference in the internal affairs of Finland . Tension rose as both countries claimed the islands, Sweden emphasizing the principle of national self-determination and Finland pointing to its historical rights and to the need to have the islands in order to defend Finland's southwestern coast. The German Empire then moved into the islands as part of its intervention in the civil war and forced out the Swedes; later that year, however, Germany handed the islands over to Finland. The Finns arrested the Åland separatist leaders on charges of treason. In 1920 both countries referred the matter to the League of Nations , which ruled the following year in favor of Finland. The Swedes were placated by the demilitarization of the islands as well as by the grant of extensive autonomy to the Ålanders, a settlement that still remains. [1]
Autonomy
Edit
The Åland Islands enjoys considerable autonomy by virtue of the Autonomy Act of 1951 that guarantees the way of life and the preservation of Swedish traditions on the islands. The 1951 law was supplemented by a 1975 law that restricts the acquisition of real estate on the islands. Both laws have constitutional status, and they may be altered only in accordance with the strict parliamentary provisions that protect the Constitution.
In addition to this protection against legislation prejudicial to its interests, the archipelago's parliamentary assembly, the Lagting, has the right to ratify laws affecting it. The Lagting consists of thirty members elected on the basis of proportional representation for four-year terms. Voters must be eighteen years of age by the year of the election and must have the right of domicile on the islands, a right acquired by living for at least five years in the province. Those with this right may also exercise certain professions and may acquire real estate, and they may not be conscripted if they have been residents of the islands since before their twelfth year. This last provision resulted from the demilitarized and neutral status of the islands established by a decision of the League of Nations in 1921.
The Lagting has the right to pass laws that touch on administration, provincial taxation, police matters, transportation, health care, and cultural matters. Issues relating to the Constitution, national defense, foreign affairs, the judiciary, family law, and civil law are outside its competence. All laws passed by the Lagting must be approved by the president of the republic, who may veto those laws judged to exceed the Lagting's competence or to damage the country's internal or external security. [2]
Government
Edit
The highest executive authority on the islands is the autonomous Government of Åland, consisting of seven members elected by, and from within, the Lagting. The government must enjoy the confidence of the Lagting to carry out its duties, and the premier can be forced to resign if this is not the case.
The governor in Mariehamn the represents the national government of Finland . He is appointed by the president of the republic, but only after the approval of the Lagting, and is responsible for those administrative functions beyond the competence of regional authorities. Another link between the islands and the national government is the Åland Delegation, usually headed by the governor; its other four members are chosen by the Council of State of Finland and the Lagting. The delegation's chief duties are supervising transfers of funds from the national government to the regional government, to pay for the costs of self government, and examining laws passed by the Lagting, before sending them to the president. In addition to these ties between the archipelago and the mainland, the province has one representative in the Riksdag, the national parliament, who usually has a seat on the Constitutional Committee in order to protect the islands' rights. Since 1970 the islands has had one delegate at the annual meeting of the Nordic Council ( ₳ | ₩ ).
During the late 1980s, changes of a constitutional nature in the relations between the Åland Islands and the national government were under review in the Riksdag. The projected legislation touched on increased provincial control of the taxes the archipelago pays or generates and on greater control over radio and television reception, with the aim of increasing access to programming from Sweden and to the Swedish-language programs of the Finnish broadcasting system. Having secured the right to issue their own stamps in 1984, the archipelago's inhabitants also wanted to have their own postal system, a right still reserved to the national government. Under discussion, too, were international guarantees for the islands' security. [3]
Governor
Peter Lindbäck ( ₩ ) (April 1, 1999 - )
Chief minister
Viveka Eriksson ( ₩ ) (November 26, 2007 - November 25, 2011)
Camilla Gunell ( ₩ ) (November 25, 2011 - )
References
↑ Library of Congress - Country Studies: Finland: Chapter 1 - Historical Setting
↑ Library of Congress - Country Studies: Finland: Chapter 4 - Government and Politics
↑ Library of Congress - Country Studies: Finland: Chapter 4 - Government and Politics
| Finland |
Which golfer (1912-2002) was known as Slammin’ Sammy? | Paleophilatelie.eu - paleontology stamps of Aland Islands
next country > >
The Åland Islands or Åland is a region of Finland that consists of an archipelago lying at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea. It is an autonomous, demilitarised and is the only monolingually Swedish-speaking region in Finland.
Collectively, the islands in the archipelago form the smallest region of Finland, constituting 0.49% of its land area and 0.50% of its population. The autonomous status of the islands was affirmed by a decision made by the League of Nations in 1921 following the Åland crisis. It was reaffirmed within the treaty admitting Finland to the European Union. By law, Åland is politically neutral and entirely demilitarised, and residents are exempt from conscription to the Finnish Defence Forces. The islands were granted extensive autonomy by the Parliament of Finland in the Act on the Autonomy of Åland of 1920, which was later replaced by new legislation by the same name in 1951 and 1991. Åland remains exclusively Swedish-speaking by law. In connection with Finland's admission to the European Union, a protocol was signed concerning the Åland Islands that stipulates, among other things, that provisions of the European Community Treaty shall not force a change of the existing restrictions for foreigners (i.e., persons who do not enjoy "home region rights" (hembygdsrätt) in Åland) to acquire and hold real property or to provide certain services.
Official Post Administration Posten Aland
The first Aland stamps were issued 1 March 1984. Approximately 15 stamps describing the Aland nature, culture, history, society and autonomy are issued every year. Also appearing every year is a variety of other collectibles, all with a connection to the stamp motifs. Stamps of Aland can be used both for internal and international post services.
More information about postal history of Alands Islads are one Agre Russland
Click on image to enlarge it or to be redirected to description page.
Click on year number to see all Paleontology and Paleoanthropology related stamps issued in the year.
| i don't know |
What is the occupation of Oliver Smallbridge, played by Windsor Davies, and Simon Peel, played by Donald Sinden in the long running sitcom Never the Twain? | Oct 22nd 1988 by Radio Soundsfamiliar - issuu
issuu
Programmes 22-28 October 1988 37p
Anglia and Channel
How As landed top job SEE PAGE 4 AND ITV WEDNESDAY
W ARREN BEATIY on Russia and love SEE PAGE 14
ERIC BRISTOIT oan eve lloa ffi
SEE PAGE 22
DES O'CONNOR on what his starsign reveals about him SEE PAGE 40
MOTOR (1
MORR
re shown in cut 7 away section. In years to come, motoring thanks to 'scientific streamlining' and 'space age'
INSIDE THIS WEEK `This is your new job!'
SUBTITLES 43 ORACLE ORACLE INDEX
Michael Aspel on Life at the top
In my view I am often asked to name the television programmes I make a point of watching. The list varies in length and content and is influenced to a large degree by the season. That said, there is a •constant thread that runs through all my viewing. It's called News at Ten. It's not just that the time it's transmitted suits me well. It's also that it's so very good. If it's been a busy day and rve only half skimmed the papers, I can nonetheless go to bed, if rve seen News at Ten, with the feeling that rm up-to-date on the day's important stories from around the world. As you might imagine, I fell with some enthusiasm on Jim Gilheany's feature on page 27 in which he describes a day spent with the News at Ten team following a major story — and they don't come much bigger than the sad tale of the athlete Ben Johnson being stripped of his world-beating gold medal. Also, it was rather comforting to leant that this highly professional, hard-nosed news team is made up of colleagues who have become firm friends. Duty home news editor Mervyn Hall and reporter Peter Sharp are each godfather to programme editor Nick Pollard's two little boys. Newscaster Alastair Stewart read the lesson at one of their christenings. Nick was Mervyn's best man and director Jacqui Bromley often works the same shift as husband Phil Moger when he's doing his stint as programme editor. Seems like those who work (and play) together, stay together, too.
An honoured guest The Queen's first State Visit to Spain
10 14
Helena Michell Why she's flying high in Piece of Cake
The red hot Mr Beatty Warren, women and why one film became an obsession
Eric Bristow makes millions
Anneka Rice Coming soon dressing for a big occasion
0\ .
C:3 ITV, W ednesday: This Is Y our Life
Replacing the irreplaceable Eamonn• • • to finish the life story Andrews was writing when he died, appears to have had no such he car park of reservations and is soon Twickenham rugby reported to be unhappy football ground, Febru- about the delay in naming ary this year. Fans someone to take over. By now, rumours are rife. gather for the England versus Wales game. Among them is Would Thames drop the Head of Light Entertainment series? Would it revert to the at Thames Television, John BBC where, after all, it had Howard Davies, ultimately first been produced in Britain responsible for choosing a as far back as 1955, nine successor to Eamonn An- years before ITV acdrews and ensuring the quired the rights from its continuation of This Is Y our American owners? As the New Year apLife, Michael Aspel, a man of proaches, Aspel's divided loyalties this day since he was born in London but began his broadcasting career as a radio actor in Cardiff, is helping himself to a picnic lunch from the boot of his car. John Howard Davies, who as a child actor played the title role in the 1948 film Oliver Twist spots AspeL 'Love to have a chat with you sometime,' he says. On the face of it, the encounter is casual and entirely coincidental But,' says Aspel, knew, of course, what he meant' Weeks of speculation start within a fortnight of Eamonn Andrews's death In November 1987 Aspel is for the first time named by newspapers as a likely successor. Aspel, for his part heavily committed to London Weekend Television with, among other things, his own chat show, A spel &Company makes no comment Meanwhile, Andrews's widow, Grainne, has agreed that Thames Television should show three episodes of the programme, recorded before Eamonn's death but as yet not transmitted. Beyond that it isrit certain that the series will continue. Many feel that Eamonn was such an integral part of the show that no suitable replacement could, or indeed should, be found Aspel understands this Fans gather at Twickenham rugby point of view. 'I know there ground, among them Thames TV executive will be people who will think John Howard Davies the show should have died Meanwhile, in the car park, Michael Aspel helps with Eamonn and that nobody himself to a pre-match picnic from his car boot else is fit to do it' Entering the ground, Davies spots Aspel, goes to Grainne Andrews, working meet him, and drops that historic hint
4
The identity of the next 'victim' to appear on 'This Is Y our W e' remains one of television's most closely guarded secrets, rivalled only by the mystery surrounding the name of the celebrity who would replace Eamonn Andrews following his untimely death last November. Michael Aspel, himself once a subject, tells STEW ART KNOW LES of the `cloak and dagger' way he got the job
W
asked
stee l
po Is it the ,2 book or the 5 character t. holding it. that g surprised Phil Collins and co in Covent Garden recently? Aspel's antics behind the disguises will thrive now he has struck a firm partnership with John Howard Davies (below) since their car park meeting in February. Michael's own This Is Your Life' appearance (below, left) was in May 1980. It was probably the strangest thing I have ever experienced,' he recalls
name is no longer in the frame'. Parkinson has become Fleet Street's hot tip, to be followed closely by Terry Wogan, and then Russell Harty, who sadly was to die in June. In January, Parkinson denies he is in line for the job and suggests Frank Bough. Thames TV say talks are continuing with 'several possibilities in mind', but no firm decision has been taken. Soon the names of Nick Owen, Noel Edmonds, Leslie Crowther and Gloria Hunniford have joined the line-up of alleged conten-
ders. But in March it is gossip-writer Nigel Dempster who places Michael Aspel firmly at the top of the list and says he will take over the programme 'at about ÂŁ15,000' per transmission. Aspel is immediately quoted as saying that, even if he were approached, he could not consider taking on This Is Y our Life because of his other TV commitments. 'It had become a national game,' says Aspel, who clearly seems to have enjoyed playing it. 'Rumours flew and the game had started long
before there was any discussion about my doing it. I didn't even consider it. I thought I had plenty of things on and certainly didn't sit at home thinking, "Please let it be me".' But it now appears that direct approaches to Aspel from Thames had begun soon after the car park encounter. It did become an extraordinary cloak and dagger operation,' says Aspel, with everyone keeping the secret until it was finally announced at the end of March. 'The whole thing was
continued on page 18 ^
Ci] ITV, Sunday: The Queen in Spain
0 0
WHEN THE Queen
steps down on to the red carpet at Madrid's Barajas airport on Monday 17 October, it will be the start of the first-ever State Visit to Spain by a reigning British sovereign. There have been many informal visits by members of the Royal Family, the most recent and wellpublicised being the holiday taken every summer by the Prince and Princess of Wales and their children, when they join King Juan Carlos and his family at their palatial retreat on the island of Majorca. In fact, their reports have been so fulsome that the Queen and Prince Philip have been persuaded to spend a weekend in the same place at the end of their visit. This is rare indeed. Her Majesty seldom combines business with pleasure and she is known to prefer spending her leisure time in the bracing air of Balmoral rather than in the sunspots of the Mediterranean. Obviously, the influence of her son and daughter-in-law in this respect is very strong. Although not on a State Visit, Queen Victoria was the first British monarch to set foot on Spanish soil. In March 1889 she paid an
Brian Hoey has been a broadcaster and writer for more than 25 years specialising in the Royal Family. i,A He has written the official Buckingham Palace Press release about the Queen's visit to Spain, for distribution in that country . In 1984 he spent a year with Princess A nne for a Thames TV programme 'A nne: The W orking Princess' which was transmitted on the ITV network at Christmas 1984. He wrote the approved biography TRH: The Princess A nne,' of which a new, revised edition is shortly to be published Hoey has also written Monarchy: Behind the Scenes with the Royal Family' and Chips: The Biography of Lord Maclean - The Lord Chamberlain'. He has recently finished work on his latest book, 'Royal Entertaining.' He is married with three children and lives in South W ales.
av
.
6
informal visit to Queen Maria Christina at San Sebastian, the summer residence of the Spanish court. She was accompanied by her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, whose portrait by the Spanish artist Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida was painted in about 1908, and today is in the hands of the National Portrait Gallery in London. The five-day State Visit, which takes in the capital Madrid, Seville and Barcelona, is reciprocal, following the State Visit to Britain by King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia in April 1986. They stayed with the Queen at Windsor Castle and during the State Ban-
On 17 October the Queen setsfoot in Spain— a country that 400 years ago was the enemy. Even though relations are now friendlier, she is the first reigning British monarch to embark on a State Visit to Spanish soil. Royal writer and broadcaster BRIAN HOEY sketches in the background to this historic event and lets us in on some of its secrets more than two years ago, nobody within the Royal Household or the Foreign Office (which advises the Palace on all Royal tours) thought it inappropriate for the Queen to visit Spain in the year Britain celebrated the defeat of the Spanish Armada. In fact, the Spanish authorities, quite sensibly, realised that the 400th
The Queen likes plain food and no uncooked shellfish is to be offered. Flowers must be unwired — she once cut herself and was unable to shake hands quet in his honour, the King referred to the close links which joined the two families, through their direct descent from Victoria. Juan Carlos's grandmother, Queen Victoria Eugenia, was a granddaughter of Victoria, herself the great-great-grandmother of the Queen. The two Royal houses, however, are joined by blood lines which stretch back much further - to 1170, when Henry Irs daughter, Eleanor, married Alphonso VIII of Castille. It was another Eleanor of Castille who married Edward I in 1254, and whose son became the first Prince of Wales. A constant reminder of these links survives in the Crown Jewels. The giant ruby in the Imperial State Crown, made for the Coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838 and worn by the Queen at the State Opening of Parliament, was given to Edward, the Black Prince, by Pedro of Castille, after the battle of Najera in 1367. When the present State Visit was being planned
anniversary was of romantic significance to Britain more than anything else. Spain even sent its ambassador to the Court of St James's to attend the Armada Day celebrations on Plymouth Hoe. No doubt the Queen will refer to the Armada during one of her speeches in Spain - and even if she doesn't, Juan Carlos is sure to let her know that, as far as he's concerned, we are all friends again. The work that goes into planning a State Visit is extraordinarily detailed. No invitation is extended until it's certain it will be accepted, so early negotiations are carried out by the Foreign Office, together with the Royal Household. A few months before the visit takes place a reconnaissance is carried out by a party from the Palace. This consists of one of the Queen's Private Secretaries, her Press Secretary and one of her police officers. They trace every step of the proposed itinerary, stop-watches in hand, checking how long it takes
to get from A to B; how close the public will be to the Royal party; whether there are opportunities for a Walkabouf; where the best positions are for radio, television and the Press. The police officer personally checks every single building along the Queen's route for chinks in security. The menu for every meal is carefully scrutinised - the Queen likes plain food and no uncooked shellfish is to be offered at any time. If flowers are to be presented, they must be in a small posy and unwired - this is because Her Majesty once cut her finger on a piece of wire and was unable to shake hands for a day. There are countless items to be checked and then finally, when the party has returned to Buckingham Palace and the programme has been agreed by the Queen (who always has the final word) the schedule is photographically reduced to a size convenient for pockets and handbags and produced as a booklet. This is known as the Blue Book and if it isn't in the Blue Book, it doesn't happen! When the Queen reaches Barcelona she will be able to return, in part, some of the hospitality shown to her. For here she will be met by the Royal Yacht, Britannia, which will have sailed out in advance. Britannia is used as a floating palace when the Queen is abroad, and Her Majesty will give a reception on board. These are among the most popular of all Royal entertainments, especially as the evening always ends with The Ceremony of Beating Retreat by the band of the Royal Marines in full-dress uniform. The official return State Banquet, given in her
honour by Juan Carlos, will take place in Madrid at the Prado Palace, where the Queen will stay. This is a formal occasion in every sense of the word, with each moment carefully planned in advance. It is the 'duty' side of the visit Britannia, on the other hand, is where the Queen is able ito get to know her guests on a much more informal basis. At the end of the State Visit, Britannia will sail the short voyage to Majorca, where Juan Carlos and his family enjoy the sort of pastimes millions of Spanish and British tourists take part in on their package holidays. Well, perhaps not quite the same. The King may be one of the most modern and democratic sovereigns in the world, but, even on holiday, no one is ever left in any doubt at all that he is the King!
Timetable to a Royal Tour State Visit of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh to Spain 17-21 October 1988 Monday 17 12.20: Arrive Madrid airport; formal welcoming ceremony at Prado Palace; private li.inch at Zarsuela Palace Evening: Reception for Diplomatic Corps at British Ambassador's Residence. State Banquet Tuesday 18 AM: Lay wreath at Plaza de la Realtad; visit Town Hall; receive replica of key of city; visit to Congress followed by visit to Prado Museum PM: Lunch with Spanish PM; the Duke of Edinburgh to present Duke of Edinburgh's Gold Awards in Prado Palace and to receive Prince of Asturias Prize Evening: Return banquet given by the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh at the Prado Palace
11
cat
Â
Above: the young royals of two nations at play in Spain. Left: the Queen and Prince Philip entertain King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia at a state Dinner during their visit to Britain in 1986. Below: Madrid is rich in culture
Wednesday 19 A M Visit Wellington and Spain' exhibition at City Museum, then University PM: Visit the Escorial Monastery; informal private lunch; reception for British community; introduction to British Embassy staff Thursday 20
AM; Arrive Seville airport 12.05: Formal arrival at Plaza del Triunfo; visit to Cathedral and Archives of the Indies; lunch at Alcazar Palace; display of horsemanship and carriage driving in Plaza de Espana 18.35: Fly to Barcelona; overnight on HMY Britannia Friday 21
AM: Visit to Generalitat in Plaza St jaume, Town Hall and Picasso Museum PM View 1992 Olympic Stadium; The Queen: visit Kensington School; the Duke of Edinburgh: visit British electronics factory; lunch with the King and Queen Evening: Reception on Britannia; Britannia sails
miF
THE NEW PEUGEOT 405 ESTA Wide, open space. Sometimes just the sight of it can take your breath away. So why should a car that offers you more space be boring? It shouldn't. But more often than not, it is. The new Peugeot 405 Estate isn't boring. Because it gives you all the style, performance and sheer driving pleasure you'll get from any Peugeot 405. How? By intelligent, careful design.
Take the car's aerodynamics. Long hours in the Pininfarina wind tunnel have given the 405 Estate one of the lowest drag factors of any estate car in its class. What's more, it's built on exactly the same wheelbase - and has the same exterior dimensions - as the 405 saloon. The result? The 405 Estate simply looks and feels rig Instead of the clumsiness of so many estates, you can enj the handling and performance of a saloon car. The top-
PEUGEOT. THE LION GOES FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH.
rE. MORE ROOM TO BREATHE. the-range GTX 1.9 model, for instance, will take you from 0 to 60 (space permitting) in 9.9 seconds. Very bracing. But if you're worried that all this may have been achieved by sacrificing load space, breathe easy. The 405 Estate isn't a hatchback pretending to be an estate. At nearly 58 cubic feet, the 405's load space is as generous as you could wish for - in fact it's wider than that of any of its major competitors.
When it comes to equipment, you'll find the 405 offers as standard many features you'd pay extra for on other estates. There are still plenty of choices though. Between petrol and diesel engines for instance. Manual and automatic gearboxes. And between 4 different trim levels. But whatever your choice, you can be sure of one thing.. You'll have bought an estate car and a driver's car. All in one breath.
PEUGEOT 405 ESTATE FOR A FULL INFORMATION PACK ON THE 405 RANGE, TELEPHONE (FREE) 0800 678 800.
E)ITV, Sunday: Piece of Cake The acting world has known many dynasties — the names Mills, Redgrave and Dotrice leap to mind. Now ITV's Sunday night serial 'Piece of Cake' looks set to bring to the public's attention another famous family by throwing the spotlight on Helena Michell. ADRIAN FURNESS went to meet K eith's little girl
ixteen years ago, TVTimes published a photograph of Keith Michell and his family at home in Hampstead, north London. Michell, then the glittering star of the series The Six W ives of Henry V III, was pictured reading to his wife, actress Jeanette Sterke, his 12-year-old son Paul and 10-year-old daughter Helena, who sits by his arm wearing a band in her hair and a solemn expression. Now, whatever became of them all.. ? Keith and Jeanette still live in Hampstead and have been appearing together in a play at Chichester. Paul, meanwhile, is a singer with a rock band. And little Helena? She has grown into the beautiful actress who, as Mary Blandin, becomes one of the few women in the life of Hornet Squadron in Piece of Cake, on ITV this Sunday. Helena Michell smiles at the picture now, and says: We weren't often photographed like this when we were children. My parents tried to keep us away from all the publicity and they were very private people anyway, so I certainly didn't grow up in the limelight. 'It's not as if my father was a great film star or sex
10
Double marriage this Sunday when pilot Fitz (Jeremy Northam) weds Mary (Helena Michell) and Flash Gordon (Nathaniai Parker, far right) marries Nicole (Corinne Dacia) symbol or such. He's simply a well-respected actor, And to me, being Henry VIII was just Dad's job, something he went off to work on every day.' Not long after the picture was taken, Keith Michell became director of the Chichester Festival Theatre in Sussex and young Helena began a love affair with theatres. 'It was such a happy place,' she says. 'I helped make props and I'd run around and annoy
everybody, her living as but they were an actress. all very kind That was and didn't W hat do two years shout at me and she people want ago, too much. I hasn't needed me to do? didn't act in her typing any of the and Tipp-Ex Change my productions, since. Her name, asif second job but I did start acting at was a starring I were school and, role in a Miss ashamed oh, fell Marple through the thriller and of it? scenery and she has been all that kind of seen in the thing. . series Bust Really fell and the film through the scenery? Maurice, and has recorded Yes, and with my father a Michael Palin play. watching. He thought it was None of these jobs owes hilarious of course.' anything to her background, But she wasn't at all she says: Or at least I don't certain she wanted to act for think so. It might have made a living, and nor did her a difference without me parents encourage her. Her knowing, but I can't believe mother, who had spent a it. Tye got to do the job, not long time with the Royal my parents, and if anybody Shakespeare Company, did cast me just because of warned her of the unsocial my background, it would be hours, the uncertainty and simply embarrassing for all the commitment needed. concerned. What do people Helena, she said, should first want me to do? Change my take a secretarial course so name? I think my Dad would she had something to fall be upset if I did, as if I were back on if she was out of ashamed of it.' work If anything, in fact, family So it wasn't until she was influence has worked the 21, after two years working other way round. Helena has in an advertising agency, recently been to India to star that the lure of the stage in the new Merchant/Ivory finally took Helena to drama film The Deceivers, playing school in Bristol, and not a young Englishwoman until she was 24 that she abandoned by her husband. stepped out to try and make `I was so excited when I
got the job,' she says. 'And then the director turned to me and said "I know, let's get your Dad to play the father." Well, I thought, lor . Tye got this job all by myself and suddenly my father's in on it, too, and there'll be all the usual cries of nepotism 'It was the first time we had worked together... It was bliss! We spent five weeks in India and because we were both working, in a way we were on an equal footing. We had such adventures, the pair of us 'I had thought I would end up looking after him but in fact he ended up looking after me. He follows a macrobiotic diet - he's even written a book about it - and he got a little stove and cooked all my meals and brought me pots and pots of brown rice. I haven't eaten meat since.' Back in England, Helena was once again thrown into all-male company, this time for several weeks on the Piece of Cake location. The boys of the squadron were, she says, absolutely charming and made her feel very welcome, mainly because they hadn't seen a girl, any girl, for ages. It is a very emotional part, and what with the Spitfires and everything I became deeply involved in the story, especially at the wedding scene where my character, Mary, marries the pilot Fitz All the boys were there in their uniforms and it was like going back to the war - the romance of it all, the heightened emotions of the time. I fell in love with the whole thing, from start to finish, which I suppose is what happened to Mary. 'Anyway, Jeremy Northam, who plays Fitz, was at drama school with me, so it was rather nice to marry him,' she grins. Helena herself is not married. She lives in a west London flat with a couple of girlfriends and a roof garden which is rapidly turning into a jungle. Its the perfect place,' she says, for sitting and reading scripts, or just sitting and doing nothing. I'm very happy either way. 'I remember at school having all sorts of fights because my Dad was an actor, and everyone seemed to assume I had privileges because of him. But it isn't like that: the only privilege he has given me is a lovely life.' lvi
11
Classic
able Iford and a
on collar) £35 (Cord trim Jacket Pa dded Trousers £24 .99 Printed Cord Suede Jacket (With scarf) i59.99 Stretch Trousers £22.50 Cord
(With checked zip-out lining) £49.99 Raincoat (With Double Breasted Suit £85
Beatty's success with the ladies falls as fiat as the Sahara in his latest film 'Ishtar' (1987) and starring Dustin Hoffman and Isabelle Adjani. The only things that bother Beatty are the desert flies. In the 1975 film 'Shampoo', it's Goldie Hawn who falls for the Beatty charm; where bed is just a hair's breadth from the salon. In 'McCabe and Mrs Miller' (1971) Beatty hangs up his gun and goes into the brothel business. Julie Christie is co-opted as madame And in the 1978 film 'Heaven Can W ait, Miss Christie acts the innocent when Beatty steps back from 'the grave'
6 Why should I marry? I know I'll get divorced 7
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
Nile NMI
F.Mq
He's a lover in the true Hollywood tradition, following in the footsteps of Valentino and Errol Flynn. This Monday, C4 screens `Reds' — a timely moment for SARAH BOND to look at Beatty at work. . . and at play
1
1
all, handsome, sexy and. . . secretive. Warren Beatty, at 50 still Hollywood's most famous superstud, has constantly remained a loner and a mystery, apparently even to his far more outgoing sister Shirley Maclaine. 'He's a difficult guy,' she once said. Td like to do a love scene with him some day just to find out what all the yelling is about.' On screen, of course! The only clues to the real Beatty appear to lie in his films. His epic Reds was a total obsession which cost some $33 million to make. More than once, Beatty has been compared with its riches-to-rags hero John Reed - the American who witnessed the Russian Communist Revolution and wrote Ten Days That Shook the W orld, and who is buried in the Kremlin. Reds is red for danger, red for excitement, red for flags - and red for blood. Beatty first thought of Reds when he was on holiday in Russia in the late Sixties. There he met a woman who had known Reed and been his lover. It's thought that perhaps Beatty reminded her of Reed. The actor thought about Reed sporadically through the early Seventies, read
The director and his leading lady: Beatty and Diane K eaton in Reds' Monday, C4
everything in the John Reed collection at Harvard University and researched radicalism in the early 1900s. As early as 1972, he started filming interviews with veterans of the period - 32 such 'witnesses' appear in the film, although many of them died before Reds finally appeared. John Reed was born to a family of great wealth, but died believing that great personal wealth is immoral - almost the exact reversal of Beatty's meteoric rise to fame and fortune. Yet Beatty, a blue-chip liberal born of a high school principal father and a drama coach mother, lurched into poverty himself in the mid-Fifties after dropping out of North-Western University. He went to New York, worked on the Lincoln Tunnel and as a waiter, and lived in unheated rooms surviving on peanut butter until he collapsed and eventually ended up in hospital with hepatitis. Yet even while doing odd jobs to make ends meet, he never doubted that he'd make it as an actor. 'I never unpacked my bags because I knew I would get out.' Today, the much-loved but never married Beatty still mirrors his shy childhood - remaining a loner despite being rich in money and women. He has been described as arrogant, hostile, selfseeking and moody. Yet of his many girlfriends, none has kissed and told - save
T'VTIMES 22-28 October 1988
smilingly to perpetuate his much envied reputation as the world's greatest lover. (On the purely physical side, Elizabeth Taylor once said that measured on a scale of one to 10, she would rate his body 15.) It is not a reputation he particularly enjoys. When success came early in his career, as he guessed, with
did love according to his friend and co-star, Jack Nicholson - died in its making because Beatty (once again like Reed) lost sight of everything except his cause. 'I don't seem to believe in marriage,' Reed says early in the film, a feeling Beatty obviously shares. Beatty's string of lovers is legendary, including Julie Christie, Natalie Wood, Joan Collins - to whom he was once engaged - Goldie Hawn, Carrie Fisher, Britt Ekland - the list goes on. 'He always keeps an open bed,' quipped columnist Sheilah Graham. 'Queensized. Usually occupied.' But just eight months ago, in February, all that looked set to change when Fleet Street blazoned the headline that the world's most famous eligible bachelor
6 She's not just a wiggle and a jiggle
Splendour in the Grass (1961), he was upset when he quickly got dubbed a playboy - as Reed had also been at one point. He has always been much more anxious to show his intelligence and capacity for caring about life's more important issues. He's a canny businessman, though. Having already made millions from his previous productions like Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and Shampoo (1975) and repeatedly professing that he doesn't go in for possessions, that he doesn't really know how much he's worth, he nevertheless struck the toughest deal Paramount had ever accepted on his epic, Reds. What's more, after 10 years of slowly evolving the concept, he exercised nearly complete control over the making of Reds (bringing in his then girlfriend Diane Keaton as Reed's love) - and the campaign to sell it. Even when the film was in the final editing stage, still no one at Paramount had seen it. Reds was Beatty's baby, and his relationship with Diane Keaton - whom he really
was to wed at last - to an actress called Joyce Hyser, an ex-girlfriend of Bruce Springsteen. 'Joyce is a pal and a friend and a lover. She's not just a wiggle and a jiggle,' he said. But though a summer wedding was predicted, nothing more has happened and he has been back in the gossip columns with some other beauties on his arm. Like Cary Grant, Beatty entered middle age still looking great, but he remains possessed by humanising doubts and frailties that make his women protective even after the relationships have broken up. Vivien Leigh said: 'He 1961, a long time before he changed to direction... `The Roman Spring of Mrs Stone', with Jill St John
has a magnetic sensuality you could light a torch with,' while Faye Dunaway cooed, 'He has a vulnerability that's immensely appealing.' Goldie Hawn saw his soft side too - 'Beneath the wild playboy exterior is a very conservative side, and that's the side you would like to spend the rest of your life with, curled up in front of the fire.' On the subject of women Warren says: 'I got successful too early. I had all the beautiful girls I wanted' But marriage, it seems, has never been on the list. 'Why should I get married when I know I'll get divorced in two or three years?' is his answer to that. Tye tried to be honest. I have never disrespected monogamy - after all, I come from Virginia where it was expected, but I am not convinced it's desirable. 'I've always treated women as equals' (and his women confirm his loving, caring, respectful charms), 'but I think men are more controlled by their libidos.' One of Beatty's future projects is a film about another legend who fascinates him - the reclusive Howard Hughes. The mysterious multimillionaire who died in 1976 aged 70, was the owner of RKO film studios during the early 1950s. To be very rich but live in a closed, rented room, to have an empire yet fret over the paper clips, to command women and be numb to love, to be in the public mind but out of sight... is it the similarity between them that intrigues the enigmatic Warren Beatty? Once, in London, he looked in the mirror and asked if he was properly dressed for the TV studios. His companion of the time reassured him: 'You're OK. Just be yourself' To which the legendary Lothario was heard to murmur: 'Whatever that is.'
MIDDLE TAR Warning: SMOKING WHEN PREGNANT CAN INJURE Health Departments'
As defined by H.M. Government
YOUR BABY AND CAUSE PREMATURE BIRTH Chief Medical Officers
^ continued from page 5
Aspel: this is his life Aries
blown up out of all proportion. I began to think it would become a dreadful anti-climax because what to me had always been a nice, cosy little programme was suddenly going to be lifted out of its proper place in our lives.' Meetings and telephone calls continued while newshounds followed the scent. There were lots of chats' at Aspel's beautiful, secluded home near Esher in Surrey. Malcolm Morris, producer of This Is Y our Life, John Howard Davies and Aspel's agent became frequent visitors. Drinks were poured; money discussed. 'Of course we talked about money,' says Aspel. 'It meant I was going to have to change the whole shape of my life. First, I felt there was no chance I could do it because I belonged totally to LWT. 'But,' he says with some satisfaction, 'we ended up with a nicely balanced package between Thames and LWT.' It was that 'balanced package' that led to newspaper speculation about the actual figure and towards the end of March, when it seemed certain that Aspel was 'The Man', the magic figure of £500,000 was floated as Aspel's annual 'salary' for the two jobs. 'The money thing,' says Aspel, 'was amazing.. . grossly exaggerated. At the press conference when it was announced that I would take over This Is Y our Life, I was asked how much I would earn and I said it would be a great deal less than they were going to print.' Sitting in an airport afterwards, Aspel was 'astounded' to read in one of Britain's more sober newspapers that he was now going to earn £1 million a year. 'I mean,' says Aspel, 'a million pounds. .. Unbelievable! The newspapers invent that figure and then compare what you're not earning with what Wogan is not earning, and then soon we'll have someone say
18
21 March-20 A pril A social club connected with your job or that of a friend may be organising a weekend break If you intend to go on the trip, be aware that its liable won't show in quite such an to sudden cancellation. open way.' Taurus 21 A pril-21 May There will be disguises- Whether business or personal, 'a variety of wigs and concern over a partner's different jackets,' says spending could lead to a row. Aspel, who once appeared Financial decisions should be as a Welsh spider in made jointly, so try to reach a Crackerjack and has compromise. played Baron Hardup in Gemini 22 May-21 June You may feel fed up with your Cinderella. domestic surroundings at the 'Like Eamonn, I will have end of the week A sudden some sort of power of veto urge to make changes could over the victims. I must start cause tension in the happy talking about subjects, not home, so try to control it. Cancer 22 June-23 July victims! 'There will continue to be Think before you act on Friday. the two main categories - If you're dissatisfied with your conditions you may either showbusiness folk or working well feel tempted to make people who have done drastic changes, but that could some particular good in the make matters worse. community. Looking down Leo 24 July-23 A ugust the list of people who have A new project could come to a been featured already or sudden halt this week due to might be considered, it is the withdrawal of financial strongly-weighted in favour backing. This is only a of showbusiness because temporary stumbling block so people like to see familiar don't be down-hearted. faces, but I would hate to Virgo 24 A ug-23 September in your own sign think there wouldn't be just Venus challenges Uranus on Friday. as many worthwhile stories This could disrupt the harmony to be told. of your home life, but things will 'One of the things that soon revert to normal if you floated across my mind was keep a cool head. whether there was anyone Libra 24 Sept-23 October left to be done, but the Be very careful what you put in producers are confident writing. This is a week in which that there are many, many misplaced trust could lead to if a confidential more out there, that the list embarrassment matter suddenly becomes of possibles is quite public knowledge. impressive.' Scorpio 24 Oct-22 Nov Who? Well, there have If a friend asks you for a loan on been rumours - names Friday, think twice before you ranging from Mick Jagger agree. Inability to repay it could to the Queen Mother have become a problem and that been confidently put for- might be the end of a beautiful ward by journalists, tireless friendship. in their dogged pursuit of Sagittarius 23 Nov-21 Dec Criticism, especially from a the facts, and of Aspel. figure, could prove very All that can be said is that mother hurtful next weekend. Try to the famous phrase 'This is stand back and analyse the your Life' will be delivered merits of what has been said— without the Irish accent and there may be some truth in it. that it seems likely Aspel's Capricorn 22 Dec-20 Jan style will be slightly more Let your natural caution come to laid-back, perhaps even a the fore this week. Your financial judgment may not be touch facetious. sound as usual and there 'I have practiced saying as could be a temptation to do the phrase,' Aspel admits. something rash. 'Eamonn tended to accent Aquarius 21 Jan-I9 Feb the third word. This is If you belong to any insurance YOUR life. Fm bound to or health group schemes, check place the accent some- that you're adequately covered. where. This is your LIFE. There may well be a problem which could come to light this THIS is your life?' He shrugs. Whatever week happens, and with due Pisces 20 Feb-20 March respect to the irreplace- There could be tension in your next weekend. Let the able Eamonn Andrews, love-life period pass before making any Michael Aspel is about to major decisions. A sudden make the programme all his break in the relationship may not be the answer. own. ,
Preparing a new disguise to surprise... what an outrage it all is when people are starving in Central Africa. 'It is a game they play and it is not a pleasant one. I see no reason why any of us should have to tell anyone what we earn. It is entirely not their business,' says Aspel who was named, for the third time, ITV Personality of the Year within a month of the official announcement that he would take over from Eamonn Andrews. When I spoke to Grainne at the Andrews's home in Dublin, she told me: 'I certainly didn't feel that the programme should have been stopped after Eamonn's death. It is, after all, an institution and I felt sure Eamonn would have wanted it to go on and would have been pleased to think that Michael Aspel
6 I see no
reason why we should say how much we earn. . .
was taking over. 'I had heard other suggestions, of course, but he seemed to me the right person. Eamonn, of course, had met him several times and liked him.' Aspel's
own This Is Y our Life occurred in May 1980 while he was chairing Give Us a Clue. 'Of course, you feel tremendously flattered and slightly alarmed. It is probably the strangest thing I have ever experienced. It certainly never occurred to me that one day I would step into Eamonn's shoes.' How different will he be? 'Eamonn got such excitement and pleasure out of trapping the subject. He was just like a schoolboy, hiding behind doors, almost giggling with excitement. I shall, of course, be just as excited but it probably
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
"Jean insisted I open a bottle of house white to go with the Whole Beans in Mushroom Glaze. They were ready long before I got the cork our
Birds Eye Glazed W hole Beans will add a touch of class to your cuisine. W ho could fail to be inspired by succulent green beans in a tasty mushroom glaze, flavoured with chives and spices. A nd it doesn't take ages to cook as Birds Eye have developed a special new bag that you can pop straight into the microwave. Even if you stir-fry or simmer you'll have a mouthwatering beanfeast in a matter of minutes. It's only one in a range of three glazed vegetable recipes, from the Country Club, sure to enhance any meal.
7 1n .
nay aewfivig the Edit ye Countg Club_ .
(
Cues are eye-opening new carpets with designs made to match your ideas. Refreshingly different looks, patterns and shades of colour. Each one in the range has that elusive hallmark of style. See Cues and the rest of the Mr. Tomkinson range at any of our Recommended Dealers. AVON BATH Harpers Furnishings BRISTOL The Carpet Shop BRISTOL Fumitureland PORTISHEAD Gordan Carpets BEDFORDSHIRE BEDFORD Hatters Furnishings BERKSHIRE MAIDENHEAD Maidenhead Discount Warehouse READING J R Wicks WOKINGHAM Carpetwise BUCKINGHAMSHIRE MILTON KEYNES One Stop Carpets SLOUGH Carpet Master CAMBRIDGESHIRE PETERBOROUGH Greyfriars Carpets CHESHIRE CHESTER Edgar Maltby &Son CHESTER Carpetlink NIORTM7ICH Bratt & Evans NORTHWICH Greenbank Carpets WARRINGTON Smart Carpets & Furnishings Ltd WILMSLOW Woodland (Furnishing) Ltd CLEVELAND MIDDLESBROUGH Bernard Povey (Carpets) Ltd REDCAR Jack Mannix Carpets CO DURHAM DARLINGTON Rowland May Ltd DURHAM City Carpets CORNWALL NEWOUAY John Nance & Co CUMBRIA CARLISLE W Vasty & Sons Ltd COCKERMOUTH Leslie Cleeland WHITEHAVEN J Dixon & Son WINDERMERE D B Furnishings DERBYSHIRE DERBY Irongate House fine Carpets DEVON BARNSTAPLE King Carpets BARNSTAPLE John How Carpets EXETER Kommet 'Carpets HONITON Bests TAVISTOCK Scope Interiors DORSET BOURNEMOUTH Fumitureland BRIDPORT Best & Sons FERNDOWN Carpet Centre SHAFTESBURY Carpet Gallery WEYMOUTH Crosby Carpets ESSEX BILLERICAY Hamilton Carpet Specialists COLCHESTER Robert Houlding Carpets
GOODMAYES Fumitureland GREAT DUNMOW Conway Furnishings ROMFORD Clarkes Carpets SOUTH WOODFORD Harmony Interiors UPMINSTER Roomer WEST MERSEA Mersea Carpets WEST THURROCK Fumiturdand WITHAM Newland Carpets
Coming from Mr Tomkinson, every Cues carpet is, of course, high on quality, comfort and strength. Take your cue from ours. And see how carpet imagination has become practical reality. MANCHESTER (GREATER) BURY DCS Carpets URMSTON Baileys Carpet Centre MERSEYSIDE FORMBY Cordova Carpets SOUTHPORT Hewitts (Southport) Ltd MIDDLESEX
GLOUCESTERSHIRE CHELTENHAM Corinium Carpets HAMPSHIRE BASINGSTOKE County Carpets BORDON Top Floor CHANDLERS FORD Peter Green Showrooms FARNHAM Fareham Carpet Centre SOUTHAMPTON Triad Carpets HEREFORD & WORCESTER BROMSGROVE Halstead Carpets DROITWICH St Andrews Carpet Co KIDDERMINSTER Stephen Yardley Carpets HERTFORDSHIRE BISHOPS STORTFORD Barnes Carpets BOREHAMWOOD Ciro Furnishings Ltd HITCHIN Kenmore Carpets HODDESDON Miami Flooring Supplies STEVENAGE Fumitureland HUMBERSIDE (SOUTH) BRIGG Parkers Of Brigg (Carpets) Ltd GRIMSBY Allenby Stevenson Ltd KENT TONBRIDGE Paul Bonner Carpet & Furniture Centre TUNBRIDGE Kenneth Brown Carpets LANCASHIRE BLACKBURN R L Jepson Ltd BLACKPOOL Talbot Showrooms CLEVELEYS Harper & rye Ltd HORWICH Horwich Carpets MORECAMBE Masons Carpets Ltd OLDHAM Northern Carpet Supplies OLDHAM Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd PRESTON C P Carpets ST AN NES-ON-SEA Wards Carpets LEICESTERSHIRE LEICESTER K G Moss Carpets Ltd LEICESTER Fumitureland LEICESTER DCS Carpets LEICESTER & BRANCHES Carpet Parade LINCOLNSHIRE GRANTHAM Wallworks LINCOLN Clayton's Carpets SLEAFORD Sleaford Carpet Centre
LONDON LONDON E3 C Abbott LONDON N12 Fumitureland LONDON NW4 Southway Interiors LONDON NW8 Avalon Carpet Company LONDON SW11 Capitol Carpets LONDON SW11 The Carpet Bureau LONDON SW2 Resists Carpets LONDON WI4 Opus Carpets
EASTCOTE C R Carpets ENFIELD Pearsons Enfield Ltd KENTON Dawncroft Ltd TEDDINGTON Abacus Carpets Ltd WEMBLEY Fumitureland NORFOLK KINGS LYNN Lynn Carpet Centre SWAFFHAM Swaffham Carpet Centre NORTHAMPTONSHIRE BRACKLEY Steve Ward Carpets NOTTINGHAMSHIRE BINGHAM Country Carpets DUFFIELD Meadow Vale Carpets MANSFIELD Hanson Carpets NOTTINGHAM DCS Carpets OXFORDSHIRE BANBURY Banbury Interiors WITNEY Carpet Options Ltd SHROPSHIRE SHREWSBURY Alan Ward Carpets SOMERSET BRIDGWATER Orienterior Ltd STAFFORDSHIRE BURTON-ON-TRENT Coyte Carpets Ltd CHASETOWN William Collis & Son LICHFIELD K Tatlow Carpets STAFFORD Carpet Boutique STOKE-ON-TRENT Barry's Floorcoverings STOKE-ON-TRENT Carpet Kingdom SUFFOLK FELIXSTOWE K T R Carpets HALLSHAM Haywards Carpets Ltd NEWMARKET P & B Flooring SURREY FARNHAM Famham Carpet Co Ltd GUILDFORD Carpet Scene TOLWORTH Carpet Express
SUSSEX (FAST) CROWBOROUGH Mister Smith Interiors HOVE Blatchingtons Ltd
SUSSEX (WEST) BOGNOR REGIS Carpet Plan CHICHESTER The Carpet Shop FERRING Mike Smith Carpets WORTHING Highdown Carpets TYNE & WEAR GOSFORTH Regnart Bros NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE M E H Company SEATON DELAVAL Stewart Jennings Ltd SUNDERLAND Majestic Ltd WARWICKSHIRE LEAMINGTON SPA Carpet Beggars Ltd LEAMINGTON SPA Western Furnishings
NUNEATON Midland Carpets Supplies RUGBY Carpets By Rowan RUGBY DCS Carpets STRATFORD-ON-AVON Cametrnan — Mike Barber Carpets WEST MIDLANDS SOLIHULL K B Carpet Centre STOURBRIDGE Hammond Hill Ltd WALSALL WOOD Carpet Kingdom WOLVERHAMPTON J Potts & Son WILTSHIRE EAST GRINSTEAD Mister House Carpets SWINDON Normans Ltd YORKSHIRE (NORTH) HARROGATE H Morgan KEIGHLEY The Carpet Gallery SCARBOROUGH 1 H Sinclaire & Co WHITBY Beevers Super Store YORK Rodgers Carpets Ltd YORK Acomb Carpets & Upholstery YORKSHIRE (SOUTH) BARNSLEY 11 Hanson DONCASTER Ward Bros (Furnishers) Ltd YORKSHIRE (WEST) BRADFORD C Chappell (Furnishers) HALIFAX Russell Dean Carpets LEEDS Briggate House Carpets Ltd WAKEFIELD Hansons Carpets SCOTLAND AIRDRIE Choice Carpets DUMFRIES Arthurs Showroom DUNDEE Galles Of Broughty Ferry DUNFERMLINE McKissocks Carpets GLASGOW Philip Morris HAMILTON Lynas Carpets INVERNESS Sharon Leon M ETH IL Kingdom Carpets PAISLEY RoddYs Carpets SCONE T & L Smith
WALES CLWYD ANGLESEY D C Williams LLANDUDNO E Boote & Sons PRESTATYN P Furnishing Centre DYFED AMMANFORD Abbey Carpets GLAMORGAN CARDIFF Marlborough Carpets LLANTRISANT I H Leeke & Son LLANTWIT MAJOR Allfloor Carpets PONTARDAWE Abbey Carpels PONTYPRIDD Leeway Carpets & Flooring GWENT NEWPORT S A Jones & Sons (Carpets) Ltd
POWYS LLANDRINDOD WEI IS Cambrian Carpets NORTHERN IRELAND BELFAST finaghy Furnishings CHANNEL ISLANDS JERSEY ST. HELIER CSP Furnishers
For further details and our complete nationwide network, contact Maggie Hathaway, Tomkinsons Carpets Ltd., Duke Place, Kidderminster, Worcs. DY10 2JR. Telephone: (0562) 820006.
Indulge your sense of style.
❑
ITV, Saturday, Sunday: MFI W orld Matchplay Darts
.31oney never dart; v w t: s i Br says
Like millions of others, Eric Bristow used to play darts for fun in his local pub. But he was a winner and soon found himself making money — lots of it — from his favourite pastime. DAVE LANNING looks at the rewards that have become Bristow's bullion
G
olden arrows are propelling Eric Bristow, Britain's favourite sporting upstart, to a £4 million fortune. That is the conservative estimate of his eventual earnings from what used to be the spit'n'sawdust sport of darts. Crafty Cockney Bristow is aiming for another big payday this weekend when he chases the richest prize in British darts: the £21,000 MFI World Matchplay tournament on ITV on Saturday and Sunday. He is also eyeing the £100,000 bonus on offer for the first perfect minimum (nine-dart) 501 checkout, the one feat Bristow has never achieved. Brash, boastful, many say big-mouthed, Bristow has slipped down the official world rankings to number three after 10 years at the top. Earlier this year, he split with his longtime livein girlfriend, top glamour darter, Maureen Flowers. But he has consolation. Money. He's literally rolling in the stuff. Bristow's gravy train roared down the tracks to a further 10 million yen (that's £42,500) in his most recent victory in the World Darts Grand Prix in Tokyo. The
22
From van driver to superstar - the .backstreet boy makes good: Eric Bristow holds aloft his trophy after a record-breaking fifth victory in the Embassy W orld Professional Championship in 1986 (above). The only thing he has yet to achieve is a perfect nine-dart checkout
.
Japanese paid him in cash; Bristow went back to his hotel room, scattered his prize money on the bed... and rolled in it. 'Just a gesture of sheer delight at stuffing all my main rivals,' he says. 'Money has never bothered me. It's winning that counts.' He's a winner all right. Ten years at the top have made Bristow, 31, the kid from the backstreets of Stoke Newington, North London, one of the biggest earners in British sport today. Ironically, his first job was as a van boy for the Matchplay sponsors, MFI. His annual earnings have shot past £250,000. He is confident he will clear £4 million from darts, the game he once played for tanners
television with a lager sixin local high street pubs. From official darts events pack at his elbow. His Victorian home in alone, his pickings from the past five years are £177,150. Leek, Staffordshire, is worth That's nearly £100 per day. at least £100,000. His darts club, The Crafty Bristow has collected more than £50,000 from just one Cockney in Stoke, his adopsponsor, Embassy, in 10 ted home, is worth at least World Professional Cham- £450,000. Bristow could retire comfortably on the pionships (he's won five). He is the biggest box profits - last year, for office exhibition attraction example, the club sold in the sport. His normal £400,000 worth of beer appearance fee is £1000 but alone. Harrows, the darts equiphe pulls capacity audiences several times yearly for ment company which £5000 shoot-outs against old supplies his 22-gramme rivals like John Lowe, Jocky arrows, has a three-year Wilson and the current agreement guaranteeing holder of the World Match- him £250,000. He pockets play crown, Bob Anderson. another £20,000 a year There is only one day of endorsing other darting the year Bristow won't equipment. It is Bristow the celebrity work: FA Cup Final day, which he watches on who out-earns any of his
bothered me'
darting rivals. He is, as Henry Cooper is to boxing, synonymous with his sport. He has appeared in
From his pub roots (here in 1978), Bristow rose to the top of the darting Supergran, Bullseye, Never world, collecting the Twain, Celebrity two rooms-full of Squares and co-hosts trophies along the Thames Television's way to decorate his popular darts series The plush Staffordshire Cockney Classic. home. Today he He is in regular demand presides, dinnerfor commercials: news- jacketed, over papers, milk, washing his own Crafty machines, breweries (he Cockney club has even appeared as a medieval monk!). played in 35 different He has a burgeoning countries, always travels career as a host at big darts first class and spent his last tournaments; he was MC at proper holiday in Rio. this year's French and But Eric Bristow insists: Swiss open championships 'rm just an ordinary bloke. and is rapidly becoming I'm not into duck pâtÊ well-known through an in- and champagne. `I'm a structional video in Canada bacon bullies and cuppa and America. He has tea man.'
23
Where• in the world cant vou use the new Halifax Visa? The sort of places you can't use
international network of cash dis-
level of service you've come to
the new Halifax Visa Card tend to
pensers carrying the Visa symbol.
expect from the world's No.1.
be short of hotels, shops, airports
And while you're travelling you
If you still insist on visiting the
and most of the things you tend to
can relax in the certain knowledge
less civilised byways of the world,
associate with civilisation.
that your statement won't arrive
pay for the trip with your Halifax
out of the blue.
Visa Card and we'll give you
On the other hand the places where you can use the card include Pitcairn, Samarkand and Cochabamba in Bolivia.
With our card you tell us when you would like it to arrive.
part of the world's largest payment system, can be used in six million locations in over 160 countries throughout the world. You can use it to draw money in local currencies abroad and in the
ance for nothing.
You also tell us if your credit
You can get more information
limit is acceptable or not, some-
about the Halifax Visa Card from
thing which you don't always get
any branch of the Halifax, by
from other cards.
calling on 0800 500235 free of
And if you choose to spread
The Halifax Visa Card, being
£50,000 of travel accident insur-
charge anytime of the day or night,
your repayments, you'll find that
or by clipping the coupon.
the rate of interest you pay is very
1
competitive indeed. Halifax Visa Interest Rates Extended Credit 20.9% APR Cash Withdrawals 21.7% APR But then, of course our Visa card has been designed to offer the
To: Halifax Building Society (Ref: NIJP), Freepost, Trini7 y Rd., Halifax, HX 1 2BR. (No stamp required). l am at Last I 8 years old and interested in applying for the Halifax Visa Card. Please send me further details. Nam TV/G/1
Address
VISA
USE IT WHEN MONEY MATTERS
HALIFAX VISA CARD IS ISSUED BY HALIFAX BUILDING SOCIETY, TRINITY ROAD. HALIFAX. WEST YORKSHIRE, HXI 2RG. FOR WRITTEN DETAILS OF CREDIT TERMS PLEASE WRITE TO THIS ADDRESS OR CALL IN AT ANY LOCAL BRANCH.
SHOPELECT rAM AT YOUR ELECTRICITY BOARD SHOP CREDA
Concept Solarplus with two fast Halogen Heat rings. and 'Solarplus' grill. 112 20 1
£699 99
The symbols shown represent special features incorporated in the cookers. SEE KEY AT BASE OF PAGE.
BUY NOW 4 PAY FEBRUARY' TRICITY President 2558 B ®
BELLING Forum 500 C.
(DEE®it'a 1EtD1 1499 .99
'a.•PASINSM.,
6 © Easy Clean Ceramic Hob
Rapid Radiant Ring Hob
Pull or Hall Heat grill
112201
r
FREE DELIVERY • FREE CONNECTION* RELIABLE AFTER SALES SERVICE .
*Cash Sales. Subject to availability. At your Electricity Board Shop in England. Wales and North of Scotland Hydro Board. The Electricity Council. 'On these cookers. free connection to a suitable adjacent cooker point and applies to freestanding cookers only.
`Dramal Vwtory, Defeat s Shame' HE date: Tuesday 27 September 1988. A grey, drizzly autumn day in the heart of London. Halfway across the world the athlete Ben Johnson is on a Korean Airways flight, literally fleeing home to Canada in disgrace from the Seoul Olympics. He's been sensationally stripped of his 100m gold medal and for once the word sensation is appropriate. It's the biggest sports story for years, a red hot news day, and the reverberations are starting to build big headlines around the globe. At ITN House in London — heart of Independent Television's national and international news gathering operation, housing nearly 1,000 staff in a cramped, corner-site glass building — journalists and technical staff are trying to knock the Johnson drug abuse story into shape for the TV news bulletins and especially for the flagship News at Ten programme. Just before I lam, ITN Editor and Chief Executive David Nicholas gathers 17 of his senior executives and department heads round him in his fourth floor office to discuss the day's news. One story — unusually — dominates both home and foreign news schedules. Today it is fallen hero Ben Johnson. In the crisp, matter-offact way of journalists, Nicholas and his team map out how ITN news will tackle the Johnson story, both in Seoul and around the world. As the day progresses, nearly half of ITN's duty overseas camera crews and reporters will be involved with the Olympic champion's downfall. Other things are happening at home and abroad, of course, and must be covered. Staff have to be assigned, stories written, committed to film and, it is hoped, transmitted to audiences
Hot news: the full impact of Ben Johnson's fall from grace is brought out by 'News at Ten's Julie K eith using state-of-the-art graphics
Ever wondered how today's headlines reach your TV? JAMES GILHEANY goes behind the scenes at ITN on one of the year's biggest news days.. . across the world. Apart from 26-year-old Johnson, the most disgraced athlete in Olympic history, the home news team are looking out for the expected bad trade figures (higher interest rates, mortgages?); the Malaysian Prime Minister is in London to sign a massive £1.5 billion arms deal with Britain; the Social and Liberal Democrats are continuing their row over what to call themselves; and the Princess of Wales is visiting Ford's huge Halewood, Merseyside car plant. Duty Home News Editor Mervyn Hall mentions a possible tailpiece for News at Ten: A pensioner in a woolly hat has gone into a boutique in West Wales, tried on some expensive clothes, then she produced a gun and demanded the till money. The flabbergasted assistant has said 'no', the open shop door has trig-
MIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
gered off the bell, and the unlikely robber has scarpered. The story lightens the atmosphere.. . Foreign News Editor Robin Staniforth also has Johnson in the number one slot on his news list, followed by the Gibraltar IRA deaths inquest, the forthcoming US Space Shuttle launch and a number of other items. Channel Four News Editor Garron Baines (C4 receive
I suppose some people still think newscasters swan in about 10 minutes before doing on air,
a full ITN news service) leads his schedule with Johnson as well. Nicholas clarifies a few points with his team and the Olympics story is fleshed out. There's the mopping up and reaction story from Seoul, with Sports Correspondent Mark Austin and Far East Correspondent Jeremy Thompson already in place; reaction from top athletes, doctors, and anabolic steroid users in Britain; and the covering of Johnson's flight when it touches down in New York, en route to his home in Toronto, Canada. The meeting lasts just 20 minutes before the staff filter back, most of them to the dingy, gloomy firstfloor ITN Newsroom. There's barely an inch of spare space and little free desk top surface, thanks to the profusion of phones, TV monitors and computer keyboards with their accompanying
monitor screens. The Basys computer system allows Newsroom staff to tap into all major wire services and lets them write their own scripts as well. In graphics, which provides still and moving graphics for news bulletins, a system identifying any part of the world and projecting it on to the screen in map form has actually been acquired from the CIA. One small but refreshing point — although the Newsroom has no typewriters in it, the studio autocue machines which help newcasters with their on-air scripts are still wound by hand at three words per second, though there are plans to automate them eventually. Newsrooms tend to the austere and ITN's is no exception. Today there's the special buzz which comes with a big news story. It's almost tangible and everyone is carried along on a wave of excitement and anticipation. Every so often the computer system emits a 'ping' as a brief warning of a major news story being put out. What if Johnson gives an exclusive interview to ITN? What if he makes a full confession and explains to a bemused world why he has wrecked his career and thrown away an estimated £15 million in advertising sponsorship? The questions remain unasked — but they don't have to be. The journalist's job, in whatever part of the media, can be boiled down to the 'five W's': What?, Why?, When?' Where?, and Who?. With the Johnson story the answer to several of these questions are already known but the biggest enigma of all remains to be answered: Why? Duty News at Ten Programme Editor Nick Pollard, responsible for marshalling the journalistic continued on page 29 II.
27
AMSTRAD FIDELITY EASY PROGRAMMER VIDEOS. THE EASIEST VIDEOS OF ALL TO PROGRAMME. The new Easy Programmer Videos from Amstrad Fidelity are for all those who can't stand instruction books. You don't just get a remote control. You get a unique Easy Programmer remote control that actually asks you for everything it needs to know, step by step, so you set the video up perfectly every time, without even
- 1 1 II VtErl START Tim END Tin
1
leaving your chair. Forget the manual. You won't need it!
fl
The latest in video programming systems even easier than pressing the buttons! Load in times and programmes auto-
BARCODE SCANNER
matically using the bar code scanner
incorporated in the handset.
-•• • os so • soolf•o • S•t. When you've made different recordings
•
one after another on the same tape, how
do you find them again? Easy! The Indexer
automatically marks the start points electronically - so you can find them without endlessly going to and fro. Amstrad Fidelity videos ... can turn 4 hour tapes into 8 hour tapes record programmes up to a month ahead ... fast-forward at high speed with pictures still on sdreen .. and contain HQ circuitry for brilliant viewing quality every time. Easy Programmer Videos only from Amstrad Fidelity.
So ecisyl even grown-urn Can use them. SATELLITE COMPATIBLE
EASY PROGRAMMER
EASY PROGRAMMER WITH BARCODE SCANNER & INDEXER
299. £349. VCR 6000
VCR 6100
Adams, Agri, Allders, Argos, Baskills, Bennetts of Newcastle, Boots, Clydesdale, Colourvision, Comet, CO-OP/CRS, u Currys Derwent Sound and Vision, Dixons, ElectricalDi scount Stores, Gateway Sperstores, Granada, Hughes TV & Audio, Ketts, Laskys, Electricity Boards and all good stockists. Edwin P. Lees, John Lewis, F.A. Page, Rumbe lows, Visionhire, selected
Available at participating branches of: B.B.
Please send me more information on Amstrad Fidelity Easy Programmer Videos. NAME
AMSTRAD
Amstrad plc, Brentwood House, 169 Kings Road, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4EE Tel. (0277) 230222 R.R.P. prices (inc VAT) correct at 1.9.88. Prices subject to change without notice. Products subject to availability. Recording. public performance or broadcast of any copyri ght material requires the consent of the copyright owner. See COPYRIGHT ACT 1956 and PERFORMANCE PROTECTION ACT 1958/1972_ Amstrad and Fidelity are the Registered Trademarks and Amstrad VCR 6100/6000 and Easy Programmer are Trademarks of Amstrad plc 1988 Amstrad plc All rights reserved.
ITN: W here no news O. continued from page 27 content of the night's bulletin, gathers his staff round him. They're just discussing coverage of Johnson in greater detail when his phone rings. He grabs it: 'News at Ten.' Pollard's voice changes, becomes soft. 'How did it go?' Then he listens briefly, grins as he puts the receiver down. There's an important news story in his personal life — son Joe, age 30 months, has just started his first morning at nursery school. Pollard's wife, Sally, reports there were a few tears until little Joe recognised the daughter of News at One Editor Andrew Tilley at the West London school. There's a low turnover of staff at ITN and friendships forged over the years are strong and deep. It helps when the pressure is really on — which is most of the time. The company budget runs at about £60 million annually and, since its foundation in 1955, ITN has built up an unrivalled reputation for quality broadcasting both at home and worldwide. The company now provides viewers with a round-the-clock news service amounting to 16 bulletins daily, if you count Super Channel, which feeds news to a dozen European countries. Diplomatic Editor Jon Snow, standing in as News at One newscaster, has had a frustrating time. He's spent more than four hours setting up and recording an interview with Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to break the four-minute mile. Bannister can't leave Pembroke College, Oxford, where he is Master, so a crew go to him, Snow conducting the interview by phone. 'Had he been in Los Angeles it would have been easier,' says Snow drily. 'We'd have taken him into a studio, satellite link to London. Report in the can, no problem. He's only 40 miles away instead of 5,000 but it's a very good example of just how time consuming this job
Editor and Chief Executive David Nicholas (above) studies the day's schedule which includes an interview with Dr Peter Sperryn (right) and the Discovery' launch (below)
The news team considers the day's news stories (left). How should they handle the Princess Diana visit (above)? can sometimes be.' Reporter Paul Davies is despatched just after noon with cameraman Bob Hammond, sound recordist John Sharman and lighting engineer Martin Harrow to interview drugs-in-sport expert Dr Peter Sperryn, honorary medical adviser to the British Amateur Athletic Board. They chat for a few minutes as the gear is set up in the front room of Sperryn's New Malden, Surrey, home. The interview goes smoothly until a messenger delivering a parcel rings the doorbell during mid-question. As the resumed interview ends a light bulb explodes with a loud bang. The lighting engineer says: 'Bulbs blow from time to time — normally more quietly.' Driving back to London to edit his contribution Davies says: 'Had we been really pushed for time I'd have done a garden interview. But Dr Sperryn's comments have taken the story one step forward. 'Television news can't stand still. Each bulletin has to be an advance.' Davies has been in since 8am and won't leave until
T 1 TIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
... is very bad news!
W e've got to be on top of the big news stories and know their background
after News at Ten is finished.. The News at One bulletin has gone out, leading on Johnson. All thoughts are now on the 5.45 bulletin, a tightly-packaged, no frills affair. At 3.25pm, the Home News Editor announces that the Princess of Wales has been wolf-whistled by workers at the Ford plant. Five minutes later and the international news agency tapes are full of the latest Johnson news. His flight has just touched down in New York. Cover there for ITN is being provided by one of the major US TV networks as Washington Correspondent Tim Ewart is redeployed to cover John-
son's expected arrival home in Toronto. But Johnson — later reported as having wept on the flight — gives reporters the slip and disappears into the labyrinth that is New York City. 'We've lost him, but we're chasing,' says the Foreign Editor. He's more used to a diet of international crises, political stories, coups, economics on a world scale, but finds the Johnson story a refreshing change. • 'It's a personal tragedy, of course, but in news terms very strong. Drama, victory, defeat, shame — great ingredients. 'It's also rather thoughtprovoking, making us ponder about drugs in sport generally and about our own athletes.' News at 5.45, presented by Fiona Armstrong, updates the Johnson story with film of the mad media scrum in New York as the runner arrives. The bulletin starts badly as the Olympic footage wobbles and Programme Editor/Producer Derek Dowsett in the Studio Two control gallery looks worried. The machine running the tape for live trans-
mission has started to chew it up but the fault corrects itself. Viewers have a shaky picture for several seconds. Human error brings the bulletin to a late end. Forty seconds from the scheduled sign-off someone forgets to press the appropriate button and the credits run 10 seconds over. It doesn't sound much, but it means other ITV stations around the country having to juggle their follow-on programmes accordingly. The faulty machine is checked out, the person who missed their cue ticked off. 'We're all human — but programmes should end when they're meant to,' says Dowsett. Fiona Armstrong is relaxed. She's been doing the bulletin for 15 months and starts each working day with a 10am visit to the hairdresser's near the studio for a wash and blow dry — 'every woman's dream, but a bit of a chore really,' she confesses. 'I bone up on the papers before I come in, then have regular updates. Every day I set time aside to answer viewers' letters. They might be critical of what I wear, my earrings, a particular blouse, or praiseworthy, but I think it's important to try to answer them all.' By mid-afternoon, the News at Ten newscasters Alastair Burnet and Alastair Stewart are working on their scripts in the newsroom. They have a big say in editorial content, writing the headlines and some of the stories. Stewart says: 'I suppose some people still think newscasters swan in about 10 minutes before going on air, are made up, read the news, then clock off again for a bottle of wine — but it's not true. 'We've got to be on top of the big stories and know their background, otherwise we wouldn't really know what we're talking about. 'The public would realise that. My day starts with Radio Four news at 7am followed by all the papers, so I'm involved with news right from first continued on page 30 PP.
29
1110. continued from page 29 thing until I go to bed. The newscaster has two distinct functions — giving viewers information clearly and in a polished way, and making it understandable, fun and interesting. I enjoy the job enormously, but it's a bit like keeping all those plates spinning on top of canes without them falling off and smashing.' At 6.20pm the Programme and Foreign Editors are eating canteen meals at their desk — pork casserole and curry respectively. The evening hours fly past as film packages are put together in the editing rooms. Central TV phones to offer footage of a surfer setting a world record by riding an exceptionally high Severn Bore for 2.4 miles. It will make News at Ten, displacing the robber granny. The last big evening meeting before News at Ten involves the Programme Editor, home and foreign desks, newscasters, Super Channel representative, graphics, and director Jacqui Bromley, whose job it is to co-
ordinate all technical aspects and turn out a smooth programme. Sometimes she works with husband Phil Moger, a duty News at Ten Programme Editor, though not tonight, when Nick Pollard has that role and will mastermind journalistic content. Her job? 'It's like being a fighter pilot. While everyone is shouting at you, you're trying to fly the plane, to dodge the many obstacles.' Ten minutes to trans-
Nerve-racking: the two A lastairs clear their throats and straighten their ties as the clock in the 'News at Ten' control room shows two minutes to go mission and Alastair Bur- to roll, Ben Johnson has minute, 40-second comnet has already been arrived home in Toronto mercial break. It doesn't made up — each news- — still saying nothing. run a second over. Behind the scenes it caster has their own This will lead News at Ten, plus the Seoul reac- appears chaotic but to the make-up box. viewer the newscasters Alastair Stewart is tion, medical views, comhaving light make-up ap- ments from other athletes, perform faultlessly and a highly polished package the programme links are plied by Joan Watson. invisible. They know each other still being worked on. This is professionalism A strong new line well, Stewart lets his mind freewheel during this en- indicates more possible with a capital P from all forced leisure time. It Olympic drugs shocks involved and the outsider including a British athlete can only sit and watch in helps him relax. wonder as the proWatson says Stewart suspected of cheating. Jacqui Bromley sits in gramme is beamed into never needs much attention . . . 'Just a major front of nearly 50 TV millions of homes. The relief is great when reconstruction job,' the monitors in the control room. News at Ten is up it's over, and the day team newscaster replies. Two minutes later the and running now and, disperse for home as the two Alastairs are in Studio with the skill of an or- night staff take over. Some drift over to the wine bar One, adjusting suit jackets chestra conductor she coordinates home and opposite for a much and ties. needed and well deserThey run through the foreign news packages, headlines between the live satellite links, last- ved drink. Says the programme 'bongs' — the Big Ben minute script changes, chimes. As the seconds two items dropped from editor: 'A Johnson interview would have wraptick away, the atmosphere the running order.. . The bulletin is slotted ped it up. . . but there's in the control room is for 29 minutes, 10 se- always tomorrow.' electric. There is indeed. With the bulletin ready conds, including a two-
wr
ALTHOUGH WE'VE MADE THEM HAPPY, WE'RE STILL CRYING OUT FOR HELP. Every day The Children's Society puts a smile on the face of thousands of disadvantaged children and young people in Britain. By making their lives worth living, despite their problems. Whether they're feeling the effects of unemployment, poor housing or learning to cope with physical or mental disability. We have houses in the community where young people who are disabled can lead as near to ordinary lives as possible. We run day centres for children in inner city areas and for teenagers who need a place to meet and help in finding jobs. As well as refuges and advice centres for young runaways living rough on the streets. We can't solve all these children's problems, but we can make every day worth getting up for. Yet no matter how much good we do we still have one big handicap - a shortage of money. And that's something you can overcome by filling in the coupon below. I want to help The Children's Society's work with young people. I enclose £30 ❑ Please make cheques payable to 'The Children's Society: £10 ❑ Other £ £20 or write your Visa or Access number here ❑
Name Address Postcode Please help us by sending your donation to The Children's Society.
The Children's Society
FREEPOST. London WCIX OBR. or telephone 01-837 4299.
MAKING LIVES WORTH LIVING
A Voluntary Society of the Church of England and the Church in Wales.
30
0% FINANCE OR £99 DOWN APR 11-6%
‘-,
AS IF WHAT'S UNDER THE BONNET DOESN'T MAKE IT GO FAST ENOUGH. There are 16 different Renault 5s, from the £5,095 Campus* to the 126 mph GT Turbo.* And they're all nippy. But right now they're going faster than ever. That's because, for a limited period, your Renault dealer is offering a choice of easy ways to buy one. For example, £99 down at 11.6% APR. Or 0% finance over two years. So catch one while you can. There's never yq
been a better time to make a quick getaway in the most stylish hatchback around. The Renault 5 range from £5,095 to .S9,235. Visit your local dealer or phone 0800 400 415 (24 hours/ THERE'S MORE free) for a brochure. TO LIFE WITH All Renault cars have a 12 month unlimited RENAULT mileage and six year anti-perforation warranty.
THE RENA ULT 5 RA NGE FROM £5,095t
P,te 5Cantcrs A.395.5 GTTurbo L9615 Pus offer n sub,ect to credit status and apples to my new Renault 5..orcleredancl regniere0 betvreen September 251,0clober als1 1988 Offer does not include Channel Isl.). Written Quotations avaiableon re.est frpm any Renaul dealer {see Yeiow Pag.)..Caedd fealm.pcpoded by Renault loan Ltd.NWS tiotese.Crly PoM.C.ster XCH 993AN. Al [Incas correct at Ime of going to press tPrices include 15%VAT.Car Tax.frent,ear seal 1305 and sound system: number plates and debar, extra RF-VAIIII recommend ei f lubricants.
•^:
LOW TO MIDDL Warning: MORE THAN 30,000 PEOPLE DIE E
.
Health Departments
TAR As defined by H.M. Government CH YEAR IN THE UK FROM LUNG CANCER Chief Medical Officers
THE QUICKEST WAY TO CUT CHARGES ON YOUR CURRENT ACCOUNT IS TO GO STRAIGHT FROM B TO A •
These days avoiding bank charges is as easy as crossing the street. And walking straight into the nearest Abbey National. Because at Abbey National you'll find a current account which operates without a single transaction charge. Even with an approved overdraft. There's no charge for cheques. No charge for Abbeylink cash machine withdrawals. And no charge for statements,
standing orders or direct debits. Yet the financial advantages of an Abbey National Current Account don't end there. Far from it in fact. Because you'll also earn interest on your money. Interest which is calculated daily and credited monthly. So, unlike a bank customer, at the end of the month you could end up with more money in your account than you put in. And, as well as that, we'll supply you
with a £50 cheque guarantee card (or a £100 one if you meet the requirements). For details about how easy it is to switch your account to Abbey National, just walk into the branch across the street. But first remember to look right, left and right again. And then look forward to no more charges.
I
THE MOST CURRENT ACCOUNT.
M
att Vi1(ifil°01(44"••• Information, please, on The Krypton Factor . B 1.ICIIS on 10 J une 1942, radio GOTC1011. presenter in Belfa s t Gordon, ball vvorkedmoving in nevvspaper journalism and to television. He joined Ulster r editor and pesented the before regional news programme `LITV Reports', TV as sports before joining presented Granada he TV, where nada Reports', Grp 'Reports Politics' and 500'• He has 'The Granada also reported for 1TV's World in Action'. He and son, wife Sheelagh have a Tris, 22, a daughter, ne, and a cat na, A n ni called Seb. They live in Hale, near Altrincham, Cheshir e. a
E
• Alan Partridge (Dicken Ashworth) and wife Sam (Dinah May) in 'Brookside'
Better and better TVTini es 247 Tottenham Court Road London W 1P OAU
What a marvellous play ITV's Better Days was! The characters were so well-drawn and the casting exactly right. Top marks to everyone connected with it: to Robert Pugh for writing it, to Glyn Houston for his perfect Edgar and a special accolade to Dicken Ashworth as Billy — what a performance! I hope this was his first of many roles.
Great TY tnioht-S00 Alinaerfollowea 69 arealtreat-a ow series :If, .....-
MO iel.fhen a repeat oftelincerthen IvliO&erThe of minOetry
Kay Stewart, Belfast Dicken A shworth has appeared in 'Minder', Juliet Bravo', 'The Gentle Touch', 'Blake's Seven' and the C4 serial 'Brookside' as A lan Partridge. W atch out for him in forthcoming episodes of ITV 's 'The Bill' and `The Two of Us', the next series of 'Gentlemen and Players' and a drama called 'Strangers In a Dark Night'.
...,„
Pearl of a fund-raiser I must correct a comment, on the Dear Katie! page, that there are no charities raising money by collecting the paper bands around balls of wool. Every band from Peter Pan, the baby knitting yarn, carries the Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital symbol and wool shops throughout the country are collecting them. For every one sent to us, we donate 1p to the hospital. We have already donated £25,000 and are on the way to giving a further, similar sum. P J C Griffin, Group MD Wendy and Peter Pan Handknitting Yarns Guiseley, West Yorkshire
Katie Boyle says: 'How wonderful to find, at last, a firm donating to charity money from collecting wool bands — and to hear that it has already raised so much. Please keep collecting.'
Funnyman Joe's so cool Congratulations to the sensational Joe Longthorne for giving us a wonderful halfhour of entertainment. His weekly ITV shows have given him the opportunity to prove what a fine singer and impressionist he is.
Miss Beverley Barnes Wolverhampton, Staffs
vtlfgEs ), 'PhD
.
I've been out of Britain quite a bit this
summer, but it seemed that every time I came back there was a repeat of Minder on ITV. And, no, I'm not complaining. Of course, George Cole and Dennis Waterman are perfectly cast, as were many of the supporting players. But what makes Minder such a treat are the ingenious storylines and witty, realistic dialogue. ITV can play the lot right through and then, like painting the Forth Bridge, go back and start again! Eric Winter, Mossley, Lancashire Y ou'll be glad to hear that ITV will be
showing a 'Minder' Christmas special, followed by a new series next year.
No 5
you could win a fabulous Philips 14in colour portable television. All you need to do is solve this week's prize crossword. As usual, there are two sets of clues - and our pictured star, whose rearranged name is spelt out in the shaded squares. When you've completed the crossword, stick or attach it firmly to a postcard, and identify the pictured star. Add your name and address and send it to: TV Times Prize Crossword No 5, PO Box 502, Leicester LE99 DAD. The first all-correct entry examined on Friday 28 October 1988 will win. Usual TV Timesrules apply. Answers in two weeks' time example (anag). 10 Has Leslie a tree that's been burned? (anag) 11 Granted if you take the Michael for a benefit. 12 Reynolds takes an early look at Richard Burton. 13 Brill, that's a little bit on the fabulous side! 15 Seem to be after Andy
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
, Louise Barton
Play it again, Arfur...
If you're all clued up on TV and showbusiness,
7 Hollywood statuettes for outstanding movie achievements, Reds got three (7,6). 8 Cold blooded-type like Nanook of the North perhaps? 9 Let time go by with a crazy look at part of Please Sir! for
—
Rize d Cteassbyi.Eric 4g'‘eLinden.
ACROSS
\0
DOWN Pandy's fruit to get on a screen. 17 The alternate current is doubled up and I take the first letter to the tree. 19 If this fails then it really is the end of the road, or maybe the final seaside place, to find Jonathan Ross (3,4,6).
I The Big Yin's lady can be found at The Secret Policeman's Ball with as ample a knockabout comedy role as can be imagined (anag). 2 Tar the sailor and the slasher provide Caine with an East End killer of old who was never
Every now and then, there's an interview on the box with some arty notable who turns out to be full of buzzwords. By contrast, Celebration: Face to Face, in the Granada TV region, gave ballet celebrity Christopher Gable a chance to talk about his career. His
manner was down-toearth, and engrossing. He is obviously a born teacher and should do very well as artistic director of the Northern Ballet Theatre. I wish him every success.
John Makepeace Preston Lancashire
Truly gripping Did anyone ever write to tell you what an absorbing series is C4's True Stories? The exposition on Neville Chamberlain's disastrous policies showed the then British Prime Minister and his European contemporaries as, at
caught. (4,3,6). 3 A side that was led by Hannibal, by George! 4 Henry's girl and Peter's sister makes her identity plain enough — but she's certainly no plain one. 5 Part of this programme of course is assaulted — by the contestants in an overall not party frock (snag 7,6) 6 At the back of it all is a stern type like Captain Bligh (snag). 12 Star — director of the Reds who captured one 7 across looking astonishingly like the next one. 14 Famed Black horse is Linda's part against Ron's beastly one, and may even be Sleeping. 16 Run off some Scottish place initially for Jonathan. 18 Picked up by Steve Davis and Jimmy White by way of on-stage hints.
QUICK CLUES Across: 7 Oscars (7,6). 8 Greenland native. 9 Pass. 10 OA . TS Eyes'
actress. 11 Elphick's character. 12 Lancaster. 13 Great (coil). 15 Take part on stage. 17 Related to themimosa.19 Jonathan's show (3,4,6). Down:l Stephenson. 2 Victorian murderer of prostitutes (4,3,6). 3 Elevenplayers. 4 Fonda, of ComesA Horseman. 5 ABurns presentation (7,6). 6 Behind.12 Shirley MacLaine's brother, Warren.14 Goes with theBeast.16 Presenter of 19 across. 18 Actor's prompts. ANSWERS to Crossword No 3 Across:1 God. 5 Tim. 7 Marsden.10 Duchess of York. 11 Ness. 14 Army. 16 Ross. 18 Hale. 21 Adam Dalghesh. 25 Drivers. 26 Ewe.27 Les. Down: I Gordon. 2 Kate. 3 Asks.4 Beef. 6 Mickey. 8 Acts.9 Roar.12 Ego. 13 SAS. 14 Ash. 15 Mel. 16 Roache. 17 Star. 19 Amen. 20 Echoes. 22 Dirk.23 Live. 24 Lord. Pictured: Brian Walden.
worst, con-artists and, at best, fools. Perhaps someone will do the same for our present 'leaders' — but let's hope we don't have to wait 40 years for the truth.
Charles Boyd Bishop Auckland County Durham
The Philips 14in colour portable television is worth almost £150 and is currently the best selling TV set in the UK. It comes to you equipped with presets for 12 channels, and fast tuning with an onscreen tuning bar. It sports a dark screen for a clearer picture and has a hand grip for easy portability.
GIGAN DET
You've seen the show now snap up Motormouth the Great New Special Issue Magazine!
‹\\
\A‘,
13N ** 4%.*Aks1v-4NICH FOR ONLY
It's here! Your own bumper-sized. all-action, full colour MOTORMOUTH MAG! 32 tasty pages packed with pies, gossip and fab features starring all the characters who created Motormouth.
A IOEORMOI SPECIAL ONLY
Specially produced to mark the launch of this great new TV weekend series, MOTORMOUTH is TRULY AWESOME. A one-off, just-for-you special issue magazine packed with all the fillings you love! AND IT'S YOURS FOR JUST including P&P!
(inc. P&P) The moon affects ourmoods, our lovelives, our whole world. This beautiful, fascinating and unusual watch reveals the changing lunarphases day byday as well as showing the time and date. 100% Swiss made, hand-assembled by Gigandet M the Jura region of Switzerland - the remarkable Moon Watch can now be yours for just £39.50, with a * Single jewel, analogic quartz action superb velour presentation gift pouch. * 18 carat gold plated solid brass casing, Allow28 days for delivery. Ifnot dehghted, winder, hour and minute fingers return within 14 days for complete refund * Scratch resistant mineral glass to Gigandet UK, 136 Bolton Road, * Internationally guaranteed for 12 months. Rochdale, Lancashire OL11 4QX. .
CHECK THESE GREAT FILLINGS! * SPIN OFF Cesco, Bogrolls, Jimmy and Lucinda in a zany story of mixed identities! * BEHIND THE TEETH MM Mag climbs inside the mouth to dig around the cavities * TRAP DOOR Berk, Boni and Drutt mess up the Trap Door Kitchen! Has the Thing turned Vegetarian?
PLUS!
—
W HILE STOCKS LAST ! ! !
Please send me Gigandet Mens Moon W atch (black leather strap) Gigandet W omens Moon W atch (black leather strap) (CRED1TCARDHOLDERS) Gigandet Mens Moon W atch (natural leather strap) Oe Gigandet W omens Moon W atch (natural leather strap) C £39.50 each (including P & P). I enclose a cheque payable to Gigandet UK for £ ... (total)
esORDER BY PHONE
",,.....tball! Animal Ark Day and lots, lots more! Be-Our-Guest Motormouth Competition! Anwftgp.foo Post to: MOTORMOUTH, P.W#01E YES! RUSH ME THE SPECIAXT I enclose my chequeipostal or
EX CLUSIV E OFFER SEND TODA Y
061-236 7113
or debit my A ccess/V isa A ccount number A ddress
Name
Great Universal' FREEPOST, ROYAL AVENUE, WIDNES WA8 7BR
We deliver the goods.
A tiny blood clot can cause enormous problems. The pain of angina. A stroke if it reaches the brain. And, if it blocks the arteries of the heart, it can kill. Research is trying to find out what causes blood clots. How they grow. And, more importantly, how to prevent them. But if we're to continue funding this work, the British Heart Foundation needs your help. If you return the coupon today, you can help us find ways of saving thousands of lives from coming to a full stop.
The more you help us,the more well find out. Here's how you can help us in our work:
I asv , o3u9cher
FREE 1,000-page catalogue with FREE DELIVERY, 14 DAYS' HOME APPROVAL and 20 or I 38 weeks INTEREST FREE CREDIT. To receive your FREE GIFT when you start shopping from the AUTUMN/WINTER 1988 CATALOGUE tick the box above, fill in your name I and address below and FREEPOST the coupon today. Or Dial-a-Catalogue frog on . (0204) 395155 and quote the Dept. No. by the gift 01 your choice. 111.11
0.30.3 rn ad 7es we resume "7"e"") " 777 ono erre , OSUpPty On anernafive wnefe neCessory I. °vox, OSapporgmen7
Big enough to kill 102,000 people every year
Please send me more details on the work of the BHF .
Please send me more details on how to leave a legacy.
Name Address
I'm enclosing a donation. Please send me a copy of your Christmas gift catalogue.
Postcode
Please send this coupon to: The BHF, 102 Gloucester Place, London W1H 4DH. Or ring 01-200 0200 N/TVT/ 10.19
British Heart Foundation The heart research charity.
The actors who make the adverts
o's the twice on the tip o our tongue?
In the precarious world of showbiz , voice-overs for television commercials have become the fast food' service for an elite in the acting profession. SARAH BOND reveals some of the scores of well-known voices and faces behind some popular adverts you can see on screen.. . .
he personal bleeper bulging under the jackets or slung around the waists of various actors, says it all. These electronic devices alert a growing number of actors — men and women — to the fact that their voices are required for radio and TV adverts. Well-known names — and others not so easily recognised — are now entering a highly lucrative world of the advertising voice-over which was once sneered at. More than 250 actors compete to use their voices to 'sell' anything from luxurious scent to loo rolls. Ray Brooks, Simon Cadell, Michael Elphick, Robert Powell, Anthony Hopkins, Jon Pertwee, Dennis Waterman, Hannah Gordon, Felicity Kendal, Gordon Jackson, Richard Briers, Una Stubbs, Nigel Havers, Patrick Allen, Miriam Margolyes and Anthony Valentine are among those at the top of the list, while film stars like John Hurt — who did the chilling AIDS adverts — are not averse to a quick voice-over either; not surprisingly at around 100 for an hour's work. The top voice-over artists — people who do nothing else — can scoop a cool half a million pounds a year because they can pack in eight or more sessions a day. On top of the recording fee they can earn several thousands of pounds more from repeat fees. 'It's 90 per cent luck in this business;' says Glynis
Brooks, the woman of a thousand voices over the past eight years. 'I don't know any voice-over actor who doesn't sit back and thank their lucky stars, because with acting you never know where the next job is coming from. 'Voice-overs are a respectable way of earning indecent sums of money,' she says. Rumbling Bill Mitchell is one of the big earners, known for his Orson Welles-style 'probably the best lager in the world'. Terry Wogan is into Toggs nappies and used
6111,as once paid £4000 for a one-sentence voice–over, but didn't realise until too late that it was for toilet cleaner..., to be into Flora, while Geoffrey Palmer is the man who gets his tongue around Audi's 'Vorsprung durch Technik', among many, many other products. Michael Gambon may be praising Pal dog food one minute and packing a theatre the next. Alan Coren once got cast as a talking lavatory, and Derek Jameson was shocked to find his voice lent itself to the loo, too. 'I was once paid £4000 for a one-sentence voiceover but didn't realise until too late that it was for toilet cleaner — I won-
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Patrick Allen, the doyen of voice-over artists, now owns his own sound studios dered if it would be good for my image,' Jameson says. Boon star Michael Elphick's guttural tones lend themselves to British Coal, while well-spoken heartthrob Nigel Havers is the soft upper-class voice behind the Wella Balsam Shampoo commercials. But it's not a skill every actor can master. If the voice isn't right, many — however well known —
Mike Grady can hawk their expensive demo tapes around Soho without making a single sale. 'Everyone carries bleepers for their voiceover agents,' says actor Mike Grady, who is to star in a new ITV sitcom next year. His is the lozenged voice saying Tunes help us 'breathe more easily', as well as that behind ITT Television, Pepsi-Cola and a host of other ads. 'You
can get called at a moment's notice. The whole thing is over in a couple of hours or less and it can be hair-raising. 'When you leave home for the studio, you have no idea .what you're being called to do. It could be anything from dubbing a little mouse eating cheese to the classic line: "We want you to sound like a silent movie star!" 'I used to be amazed at the big-name actors I would see popping in and out of sound studios around Soho,' says Grady. 'But now I wouldn't bat an eyelid if I bumped into Clint Eastwood.' Patrick Allen, Sixties action man star, has been king of the commercials for the last 22 years, thanks to his dark, velvet voice. He's behind Post Office stamps, Fiji perfume, Nivea, Maxwell House, and many more. And not only have the adverts kept the stepson of the Marquis of Downshire in the style to which he became accustomed, but he now has three businesses of his own, including a stake in the St John's Wood Studios in London where a large percentage of adverts are made. "I started when I was flat broke, doing a theatre
season at Stratford, and at that time the idea of doing voice-overs was absolutely beneath everyone. They said sniffily that I was giving up acting, which wasn't true — I'm still an actor first and foremost. 'At one point, I was doing 25 per cent of all the commercials on air, I was certainly king pin, and I'm living on my reputation now,' he says, smiling. 'Then suddenly fellow actors realised I was making money, and in the last 10 years, many more have moved into voiceovers — now it's positively booming. 'The worst commercial I did was way back, on an ad for cigarettes set to come out straight after the Budget: Because we didn't know what the tax would be, we had to do it 20 different ways raising the price by a half-penny each time.' 'That was an all-day job saying the same words over and over again,' he recalls. 'Anyone going into voice-overs would have to enjoy them or they would go a bit mad.' Miriam Margolyes, who played Wilhelmina Warlock the witch in Mr .
Miriam Margolyes
Majeika, describes herself as short, fat but immensely talented and far from mad. Behind her outsize figure lies one of the most beautiful voices on our screens. It's Miriam who produced the silky, seductive sounds that we all assume must belong to a gorgeous, bikini-clad glamour girl in those famous Manikin cigar commercials of yesteryear. For years, Miriam has been queen of the voiceovers, from barking like a dog alongside Percy Edwards in the Renault 5 ad to those chimps who so enjoy their P.G. Tips. And, as she counts up the
continued overpage
37
continued from page 37 cheques, she has the last laugh. 'I'm Rent-a-Gullet,' chortles the proud owner of five homes (four in Europe, one in Australia). And not everybody can do it — it takes a long time to learn how to clip half a second off the time, or to be sincere about certain products. Today, Miriam is so skilful that advertisers often ask her advice in the studio on what kind of voice would be best for their product. 'It's not as easy as it looks. You're asked to give a full performance in 30 seconds, and you're asked to create a character full of warmth and sincerity immediately. What's more, you have to speak very fast. But it's also very good fun. 'There was a time when "serious" actors wouldn't dream of doing it, but now they can't wait.' As to providing the voices for the sex-bombs, she says: 'Beautiful people
Ray Brooks nearly always have dreadful voices. It's probably nature's way of evening things up.' Big Deal star Ray Brooks has for years been a worthy pretender to Patrick Allen's throne as The Voice. The sad-eyed hero with those boyish looks has made a fortune using his voice to extol the soft appeal of Lenor's fabric conditioner and Dixel Toilet tissue. Voice-overs kept the lovable Brooks off the breadline when he spent 10 years in the acting wilderness following his big Sixties film successes The Knack and Cathy Come Home. 'I turned down too many parts looking for the right ones, and during those years my wife and I faced a lot of hardship. I was really broke. At that time,' he
38
confesses, ,'established actors turned up their noses at voice-over work, but I didn't care. The spectre of my childhood poverty haunted me and I was glad of the work, 'My mother was a Brighton bus conductress, and she told me the only way to get on was to speak well — so she sent me for elecution lessons. 'But when I first started doing voice-overs, I wasn't very good — it took quite a while to master the technique. There were only about 30 of us in those days, including my friend Richard Briers. Now there must be more than 200.' In spite of success in series like Big Deal, Brooks has gone back to the voice-over business to supplement his earnings. But he admits he's a worrier. 'I worry all the time that I will have no work and will be forced to discard all the material things which are the fabric and security of my family. 'I have a lovely house, a car, a successful career and yet I still feel as if I'm standing on sand. I can't sit back and relax — uncertainty and fear are my constant companions.' But life is a lot better than the bleak days when he would die a death at dinner parties if someone asked him what he did. 'I'd have to say I'm an actor, and they would say, "What have you done?" So I would have to explain that I did voice-overs, and made more money than their oil executive husbands,' he says. Glynis Brooks was a radio soap star on W ag-
Glynis Brooks goners W alk when a friend suggested she should try her hand at voice-overs. Her actorhusband Chris Jenkinson persuaded her to gamble her last £120 on a demo tape. It paid off — her voice caught the advertiser's ears immediately, and within two weeks she'd made the £120 back, and then some. It just snowballed from there, she says. Today, she has become one of the best-known voices on the box, promoting the Yop yogurt drink, eggs, Nescafe Fine Blend and the current commercial for Hotpoint kitchen appliances in which she asks: 'Why make life more complicated?' Perhaps her biggest moment was being Cybil Shepherd for an hour. 'It was a big, glossy, expensive commercial for L'Oreal and she had said the name of the product the wrong way round, and nobody had noticed. 'So I was summoned because she wasn't available to redub it. If you listened and watched carefully, you could hear me saying the words she fluffed. 'I've been a small boy on a Christmas stuffing advert one minute, and a
Voices Quiz Are you an armchair expert at guessing the famous faces behind the voices on television commercials? Try our quiz on some of the best-known adverts and see how you and your family score. 1 The man behind the TSB attracted a lot of interest as a singing snoop. Is he: a Michael Gough? b Michael Gambon? c Michael Caine? 2 Who claimed British Rail were getting there,
Welsh tomato the next, and then slipped into a deep, sexy voice for perfume after that. 'I remember arriving at one studio and they said what they really wanted was for me to sound like Robert Powell — and I said, "You do realise there's a slight difference between us." 'One of the big bonuses doing voice-overs is not having to worry what you look like. I remember dubbing a sexy voice over a glorious-looking model on a Kellogg's Bran Flakes commercial, and I was heavily pregnant with my second son and looking positively elephantine offscreen. 'It doesn't matter if you look like death having been out on the town the night before — you should see the faces of some of the actors at nine o'clock in the morning!' Daniel Hill, young star of The Bretts, is tipped as the top new rising star of the voice-overs, thanks to his fresh sound. He's the 'caring social worker' who told people how to get their DHSS cheques during the Post Office strike, and he made the TV trailers for the hit film Buster. But his eagerness to get going in the voiceover world left him redfaced after one call from the producers of a Carling Black Label lager ad, soon after he had started rehearsals on The Bretts. 'I had an hour off for lunch and my agent said, "Can you do a voice-over right now in the West End?" So I told the producer I'd be back in a minute and tore off. When I arrived at the
Set by Sarah Bond
and is back in a new series as one of our favourite, and equally optimistic, comedy characters? Is he: a Richard O'Sullivan? b Jim Davidson? c Hywel Bennett? 3 'Come to Comet,' urges this genial fellow. He's one who's been a big deal himself on screen. Is he: a Ray Allen? b Ray Brooks? c Ray McAnally? 4 Many a woman would love this Saintly gent to be her Coffeemate. Is he:
a Roger Moore? b Ian Ogilvy? c Angus Ogilvy? 5 This charmer advises us to use Head and Shoulders. Is he: a Christopher Cazenove? b Anthony Andrews? c Nigel Havers?
ANSWERS: 1 Michael Gambon 2 Hywel Bennett 3 Ray Brooks 4 Ian Ogilvy 5 Nigel Havers
studio, Anthony Valentine and David Jason were sitting there looking extremely cool while I was puffing and panting and scarlet from running. 'Then the director arrived and said, "Oh, thanks for coming but we've decided to go with the one we did before, but don't worry, you will get paid." ' Later, Daniel's popularity nearly cost him his wedding day and honeymoon night, as he laughingly recalls. 'I had my agent on the phone five times on the morning of my wedding. My wife really believed I was going to ask if I could carry a walkie-talkie phone up the aisle. 'Well, I got through the wedding, then we slipped away to a manor house in Maidstone. We were lying on our wedding bed when
Daniel Hill the phone went again. I think all my agent heard was the frantic scream, "Go away!" The money is coming in very handy now that the Hills have a baby on the way. 'People think the fees for voice-overs are money for old rope. 'Sometimes my eyes pop open at the cheques. But when you're in the studio doing one, you feel like the whole world is on your shoulders. 'And, whoever you are, the advertisers just call you a voice, not an actor — so your pride takes a big wallop at that. "The voice has arrived," they say, and you feel like a disembodied creature, and wail inwardly, "Aren't I just a little more than that?"' In fact, Daniel Hill, in common with his contemporaries, is more than that. Like the others, he says: 'I am an actor first and, though the voice-over money is useful, I would still go on stage in Dundee for just £100 a week, given the chance.'
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
\OCKLRS
g
Attractive compact quartz alarm clock complete with calendar function. Measures 2 1/ex I 1/4"X 3/8". Small enough to carry in the pocket or purse. And it's yours to keep whatever you decide.
Books marked CLUB EDITION are a standard format 204mm x 130mm, and those marked SPECIAL EDITION are 240mm x I 85mm.
oose ny
from only
Great books at big, big savings Yes! That's what you get with this big-value introduction to World Books. Choose any four of the books shown here from as little as 25p each, plus p.&p.* and you could save as much as £87 at publishers' prices. A great deal more for a whole lot less! With World Books, you'll go on saving fUs as a member. Each month your free magazine is packed with popular books at huge savings. The Editor's Choice is often HALF the publisher's price, and it's always a bestseller by a top author. There are also dozens of other super books fact and fiction - with between 25%-50% OFF publishers' prices. Great choice . . . great authors . . . and savings all the way! With World Books you're spoilt for choice. All today's favourite authors, all their biggest bestsellers. The latest on cookery, gardening and other popular hobbies. Books to entertain young children, and to help older ones with homework
each PAP
and school projects. Atlases, dictionaries and encyclopedias. Books full of time-saving, moneysaving DIY tips. And many more ... all at savings you'll find very hard to beat! In return for your great introductory savings and the big discounts you'll enjoy as a member, all we ask is that you take at least one book a month during your first six months. After that, it's up to you how many, or how few, you choose. See the books at home - but send no money now. Pick your introductory books and write their numbers in the boxes on the coupon. But please don't send any money now. Look at the books at home first and see for yourself the value you're getting!
Oreat valae 0
o: World Books, P.O. Box 199, Swindon, SN3 4PX.
29
FREE CLOCK
Please accept my application and enrol me as a member of World Books and send me my free clock together with the four introductory books whose numbers I have printed in the boxes provided. You will charge me only the Special Offer prices, plus a total of L1.95 towards post and packing.' However, if I am not completely satisfied with the books I will return them within 10 days of receiving them, my membership will be cancelled and I will owe nothing. As a member I agree to choose one book a month during my first six months' membership from the hundreds of books offered. All books are described in advance in the free Club magazine and offered at 25% to 50% below the publishers' prices (plus post and packing).larn over 18 years of age.
Mr/Mrs/Miss
Postcode Membership of this dub limited to one per household. I Overseas send for details
!
PLEASE SEND NO MONEY NOW
P.O. Box 199, Swindon, SN3 4PX.
I
ITV, W ednesday: Des O'Connor Tonight
LOVE
AUGHT,
BY DES O'CONNOR he man is extremely sexy, I have to mention that. Des looks so cute and cuddly on the telly that it's hard to imagine him having that particular kind of adult magnetism. But he has, and it comes from a combination of supreme self-confidence, a terrific sense of humour and the tenacity and determination that would get him just about anywhere he wanted to go. Born under Capricorn, his Ascendant (the sign rising over the Eastern horizon at the moment of birth) is Sagittarius — a mixture of ambition and optimism which could hardly fail. 'I'm the most positive, happy-go-lucky person that God made', says Des. 'Whether I'm rich or poor, up or down, I'm enjoying it, and that's not phoney. I can't stand moaners. There are only three things that matter: love, laughter and good health. If you have a share of those, you're winning all the way.' Mark you, those are not the throw-away priorities of a man who's always had it easy. Mars and Saturn conjoin in his chart — an aspect which can indicate considerable physical suffering, even handicap, particularly in childhood. And Des was a sickly child, prey to every illness imaginable. He even had difficulty walking until he was seven years old. 'Up until the age of 14, I was like a small Ronnie Corbett. I was four foot seven, but one day I told myself I was going to grow, and from the day I said it, I started to do just that. I really didn't have any formal education until I was 11 [and then only three years at school], but once I started, I went from bottom of the class to the top. I don't have a lot of talent, but I've learnt to do
40
Sound advice about diet and smoking may be Edwina Currie's particular concern, but Des O'Connor believes that the curefor all ills is a good laugh — and positive thinking. W ith this homespun philosophy and a new daughter to delight him, Des is now lookingforfreshfields to conquer, as he reveals to TVTimes astrologer, MARTINE DELAMERE. Main picture DAVID MAGNUS things. I've applied myself. I sing very well now. I didn't before.' With Sun, Mars and Saturn in Capricorn, triumphing over adversity is the stuff of life to Des and he firmly believes that laughter is the cure for all ills. 'The happiest two hours of any day for me are on a stage. Once in Toronto my knee swelled so much I couldn't get my dress suit on. I had a septic throat and a stomach upset and I'd taken so many pills that I had double vision. Then I went on the stage and did an hour and a half in front of 22,000 people. When I came off, the knee had gone down, the throat felt better and the stomach had gone away. It's just a tonic out there.' Recently, Des fell down a hole on a golf course. 'My partner asked if I was all right and I said, "yes, but shouldn't the ball go down the hole?" I was in agony, but if you laugh, you take in air, and oxygen is good for the head. Medically and emotionally, humour seems to be the answer.' But Des's success hasn't been achievedwithout personal sacrifice. His birthchart shows that in working so hard, Des feels he missed some of the joys of parenthood. He's the proud father of three grown-up daughters — Karen, from his first marriage; and Tracey and
GI don't have a lot of talent but I've learnt to do
Samantha from his second. And now, there's one-year-old Kristina Eva from his third marriage to Jay — at 27, nearly 30 years Des's junior. He's delighted that he's having a chance to enjoy fatherhood for the fourth time and has definite views about what it means. 'I think it was George Bernard Shaw who said that youth was wasted on the young. I often think that parenthood is waste on young parents because we, the male spe cies, are so busy o Des with wife jay and K ristina Eva his fourth child — giving him the chance to enjoy fatherhood once more
I)ES O'CONNOR
tttiwbestofletealth there providing, when what we really want to do is play with our children and see them growing up. 'Having been born in a povertystricken area [Stepney, East London], I wanted to provide something more for my family. So you do spend a lot of time working, but it's a lesson you learn with maturity. It's a lesson I've learned this time round and I will be there for my little girl if I possibly can be. I love Des still has his goals. 'I've done everything in showbusiness except a movie and a musical and they're the two things I think I could do best. There's still something to look forward to'
my daughters very much and I think they do realise why I was always working. We did spend a lot of time being together, but not as much as I'd like to have done.' Des has strong feelings about how his baby daughter, Kristina Eva, should be brought up, and some advice for other parents too. 'I believe the most important thing you can give a child is time. And parents should take the lead from the children, not the other way round. 'The essential thing is that Kristina Eva is happy, and enjoys life. So if she's a little bit different, and doesn't conform with her classmates, I'll be quite happy, because anyone who's ever succeeded in the world usually has a spark of individuality. 'All the same, the child must also learn to toe the line: a compromise between discipline and fun.' Des places great emphasis on enjoyment, especially on the joys of learning, broadening horizons and maximising potential. This is the Sagit-
For Des, performing is a form of therapy, 'just like a tonic, he says
tarian coming out in him and with Mercury also in that sign, he must have literary leanings. 'I've written children's stories, two novels and a film script — I've been having long chats with Paul Hogan in Australia about that. I've also got a great idea for a musical which I could slot into. That sounds like showing off, but it's not. It's confidence. I get a great kick out of writing; it gives me almost as much satisfaction as getting out in front of that crowd.' The mention of film and musicals brings us onto his future plans. 'I've done everything in
The happiest two hours of my day are on a stage.. .
showbusiness except a movie and a musical and they're the two things I think I could do best. I think they are somewhere in the future. I'm not a little boy anymore and I could get a role which would have a bit of substance to it.' Having something to look forward to is an integral part of the O'Connor philosophy. 'If you got up in the morning and there was nothing to look forward to, you'd be very discontented. You wouldn't be able to give any emotional stability or comfort to anyone else because you'd be feeling sorry for yourself. So it's just a case of believing each day that comes is a blessing. It's another day that you may not have been here. Enjoy it, learn something, do something for someone else and improve yourself in a little way. That's what I try to do. It doesn't always work, but I try.'
41
David Quinlan previews the films and Monty Smith the TV movies on screen this week SATURDAY 22nd The Story of Alexander Graham Bell C4, 10.30am-12.15pm A typically professional Hollywood biopic of the late Thirties, this was the film that dogged its star, Don Ameche, for years to come. In later years, he would complain that many people thought that Don Ameche had invented the telephone and not Mr Bell! Henry Fonda surprisingly takes a subordinate role as Bell's co-worker. 1939
r
Bataan
11
C4, 12.55pm-3.05pm A vivid American war film that re-creates a true-life incident in a nicely rough-hewn manner, employing a plot structure reminiscent of those in The Lost Patrol and Sahara, as a few American soldiers are left to fight a hopeless rearguard action against advancing Japanese. 1943
The Secret Policeman's Ball C4, 10.05pm-11.50pm Only nine years old, this record of an Amnesty International concert already looks like an album of classic Pythonesque comedy routines from the past, including John Cleese's discussion of cheeses with Michael Palin, and Rowan Atkinson's miming of extracts from Beethoven piano sonatas. Among the more surprising faces on view are Trades Union leader Clive Jenkins and one-time TV-am star Anna Ford. And, somewhat illat-ease among the array of professional comic talent is the would-be scourge of bad television Clive James. 1979
Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment ITV, 10.15pm-11.55pm A predictable sequel to the first film in this series, with the
r
L_
'TV version' Feature films shown on television are not necessarily in the form originally seen in cinemas. Often several variations are made at the time of production for use according to the intended outlet. In some cases cinema versions may be used, with minor cuts for violence, explicit sex and bad language.
TVM = TVMovie
.
42
accent on sight gags — a store manager has a cardboard cutout of Clint Eastwood on show to deter robbers — and humour that stems from the characters established in the first film. Cheap-looking but very, very cheerful, the film also has some nice by-play in its script, especially between the laid-back police captain and his powerhungry lieutenant. 1985
SUNDAY 23rd Greed C4, 2.00pm-4.35pm The C4 season of silent classics continue with what some argue is the greatest film ever made. Dismissed in its time, after the studio had cut director Erich Von Stroheim's original 26 reels (more than five hours) down to 10 (just under two hours), the film can now be seen as a shattering portrayal of how money can effect break-ups in relationships and bring out the worst in man. Von Stroheim's drive for realism is totally uncompromising, from the teeming poorer quarters of San Francisco to the awesome climax in the desert, the director taking cast and crew on location to Death Valley, where they sweated and sweltered in torrid temperatures. 1924
Comes a Horseman C4, 10.50pm-1.00am A romantic Western directed (by Alan J Pakula) and photographed (by Gordon Willis) with a real feel for time and period — the ranchland of Montana in 1945. It's an elaborate but persuasive treatment of a familiar theme. Jane Fonda holds it together with another magnificent performance as the rancher fighting to make it on her own and not have to sell out to the local cattle baron (Jason Robards) whose affair with her as a girl had been the death of her father. James Caan as the 'horseman' who proves her one helper and the blazing climax, in which they and Robards are involved, brings an interesting film to a very satisfactory conclusion. 1978
MONDAY 24th Three Cases of Murder ITV, 1.30pm-3.25pm This trio of macabre stories is an intermittent disappointment in view of the amount of talent involved, including Orson Welles in rampant form in a
The indomitable frontierswoman who rides a car and not a horse... Jane Fonda as Ella Connors in 'Comes a Horseman' version of Somerset Maugham's Lord Mountdrago. Alan Badel appears (and does well) in all three stories, the most chilling of which concerns a man (the lugubrious Hugh Pryse) who steps inside a painting. 1953
Rain C4, 2.00pm-3.45pm Somerset Maugham's story about fiery South Seas prostitute Sadie Thompson had been filmed only four years previously with Gloria Swanson. Joan Crawford took over the role terrified of comparisons (not only with Swanson but with Jeanne Eagel's stage success). She was unhappy with the results, but time has revealed her Sadie Thompson as vibrant, vulgar and oddly touching. The director was Lewis Milestone. 1932
Reds C4, 8.30pm-12.05am A story of epic proportions, set in America and Russia in the 1915-1921 period. And it is also a love story — on a scale to match Doctor Zhivago and Gone W ith the W ind. Warren Beatty plays an idealistic communist in America, with Diane Keaton as the free-thinking writer who joins his semi-underground movement. Together, they are caught up in momentous events in world history which culminate in her trekking across frozen wastes to find him in Finland, after he has fled the Bolsheviks. When it concentrates on people and not politics, in fact, this film is a winner. Diane Keaton is superb — a tribute to the direction of Beatty, for which he won an Academy Award. 1981
TUESDAY 25th The Thief of Baghdad ITV, 1.30pm-3.25pm Fourth film version of the famous
Arabian Nights story, complete with such ingredients as the magic carpet, the wicked wazir, the All-Seeing Eye and the Temple of Truth. Peter Ustinov does a variation on his baffled panda act as the cuddly caliph. Terence Stamp's wazir, flapping in on his black cloak like a living corpse, is clearly a dry run for his villains in the Superman movies and the stage version of Dracula. French actor Daniel Emilfork also scores with his mischievously grinning genie. The juvenile leads, as in previous versions, are good looking but negligible. 1978
The Gaucho C4, 2.00pm-3.35pm Douglas Fairbanks's Christmas release for 1927 proves to be a lusty pageant whose story he thought up himself, giving his audiences a somewhat less whiter-than-white hero than usual, and sharing the spotlight with the 19-year-old Lupe Velez, jetting the young Mexican actress to 15 years of tempestuous stardom. There are religious overtones to this story of a mountain outlaw, but lots of athletic action to please the star's fans. 1927
Christine ITV, 11.35pm-1.25am This is the one about the demon car and it may make you wary of walking the streets at night. Christine is a beauty all right. Red as the devil, all gleaming chrome and dazzling headlamps, playing tunes on the radio to express her thoughts. But woe betide anyone who comes between her and her young master Arnie. This is a film that believes strongly in action, and its scenario never misses a chance to aim for the lowest common denominator. But, after a longish period of delineating Arnie's many enemies that Christine will eventu-
taries, marked a sombre beginning for him in his new field, with its elements of death, incest and a bleak, isolated existence. Murer himself came from the same kind of Alpine peasant family as those depicted in the film, although the incidents in his upbringing can never have been as vivid as those depicted here, with their curious and disturbing mixture of documentary, fantastic and sexual melodrama. Some of its scenes are not for the squeamish. 1985
FRIDAY 28th Strangers When We Meet
C4, 12.20am-2.25am Like so many show business biographies, the sad thing about jazz genius Bix Beiderbecke's life is that it makes such a good story. Hollywood made a mess of it in 1950 as Y oung Man with a Horn, but Brigitte Berman's documentary reconstruction of the rise and fall of Bix mixes old footage, old records and present-day interviews with real flair. 1981
C4, 2.00pm-4.10pm A searching look at love and life in an upper-class American suburb. Adapted by Evan Hunter from his own best-seller, it finds Kirk Douglas understandably torn between Kim Novak and Barbara Rush while trying to find himself as an architect. Douglas looks pained, Novak expresses pent-up desire quite well, Rush is poignantly pretty and Ernie Kovacs has a few waspishly funny lines though not enough. Walter Matthau, not unexpectedly, steals it from them all with his skilful portrait of a callous neighbour. 1960
Hawk the Slayer
Punch Drunks
Preparing to take the heat... Private eye Burt Reynolds and cop Clint Eastwood get ready to round up the had guys in 'City Heat ally take to the grinder's, there are a few dull spots in the film's lengthy running time, although the final duel between Christine and an excavator doesn't have quite the variation of excitement that it might have done. Arnie is well played by Keith Gordon, who splendidly creates two quite separate characters. 1983 TV version
WEBIVESDAYi26th White Cargo C4, 2.00pm-3.40pm First made as an early British sound film, this Hollywood version of a hoary old classic which silent vamps would surely have given their eye teeth to star in features a suitably tall and taciturn Walter Pidgeon - a top box-office star thanks to his screen partnership with Greer Garson. He is the plantation owner trying to fend off the advances of a (literally) poisonous native charmer who seems to have vamped half the white men within 50 miles of the Equator. The delicious Hedy Lamarr was never more exotic and effective than as Tondelayo, luring men to destruction from under her dusky lids. 1942
City Heat ITV, 100pin-10.00pm 10.35pm-II.35pm A crime romp within whose framework Clint Eastwood and Burt Reynolds can exercise their familiar film characters. The word framework just about sums up the plot, which is set in the early Thirties and concerns the demise of private eye Reynolds' partner and the subsequent battle by Reynolds and cop Eastwood (his former police colleague) to corner the two gang leaders involved. Jane Alexander is (very good as) the wisecracking secretary, Madeline Kahn plays Reynolds' high-society moll and Irene Cara is a frightened witness. Reynolds displays his agility, Eastwood walks down Main Street in the open while others fire at him from cover, there's a lot of fairly inconsequential gunfire and a running gag about a suitcase loaded with dynamite, and it's all pretty enjoyable. Just don't expect any major surprises. 1984
Bix
ITV, 2.00am-3.40am I thought that such medieval romps had died the death when Universal lost its International. But lo! they live, in this ripelysliced chunk of swords, sandals and sorcery. In a land of swirling mists, a motley crew of Equity reservists rides at the shoulder of heroic Hawk (John Terry) through an orange-skied landscape to Ennio Morriconestyle music adapted for rustic flute. They hope to bring peace to the land; but Terrible Jack Palance is a law unto himself as Voltan the Unbelievable, wearing a scowl that would intimidate Giant Haystacks, as he over-and-out-acts an understandably cowed crew of minions, and guards his visage with a semi-visor lest his black acne be revealed before the final reel. Methinks there's a vein of satire to all this and that references to 'legions of darkness making savage cuts to the country' are merely veiled jibes at Government. 1980
THURSDAY 27th Halloween ITV, 11.05pm-12.45am Jamie Lee Curtis, daughter of Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh, made an auspicious film debut in this shocker, in which a killer back from 15 years in the asylum stalks a trio of teenage girls with heavy-breath and hand-held camera, and takes a heck of a while to get about his gory business. 1978
Alpine Fire C4, 11.50pm-2.00am This Swiss picture, the first feature film for director Fredi M Murer after some 20 documen-
C4, 4.10pm-4.30pm The second short The Three Stooges ever made, with some amusing stuff in the boxing ring and an appearance from one of Hollywood's best known portrayers of drunks, Arthur Housman, who wandered through almost all his pictures in a permanent alcoholic haze, although in real life he never touched a drop! 1934
SATURDAY 22 OCTOBER 5.05pm Brookside' 6.45pm Blind Date 7.05pm Hollywood* 8.05pm Game Set & Match' 9.15pm Bust
C4, 12.20am-2.10am Said to be the first Spanish film shot entirely in the United States, this is an oddball and rather endearing romantic comedy about two people who become pen-friends without either realising the other is fat. Although the screenplay, by four Spaniards, including director Manuel Summers, lurches along in rather dis-connected fashion, the American cast - in particular the two 'fatties', Farnham Scott and January Stevens give likeable, low-key performances that keep you involved. One wished they had been given rather more opportunity to exploit the pathos inherent to such a story, but over which the script tends blandly to skip. 1980
26 OCTOBER
MONDAY 24 OCTOBER 1.00pm Make It Count' 1.30pm Write On' 5.45pm News (Mon-Fri) 6.30pm Land Shapes' 7.00pm Channel 4 News' (Mon-Fri) 7.00pm Krypton Factor 7.30pm Coronation Street 8.00pm Brookside* 9.00pm Game Set & Match TUESDAY 25 OCTOBER 1.00pm Tourism* 1.30pm Catering with Care*
1.00pm Interviewing' 1.30pm The Customer Connection* 6.30pm The March of Time' 7.30pm Coronation Street 8.00pm Brookside* THURSDAY 27 OCTOBER 1.00pm Autocare' 1.30pm Powerbase' 3.00pm A People's War' 4.50pm Dangermouse 8.00pm The Bill 9.00pm The Equalizer 10.00pm True Stories' FRIDAY 28 OCTOBER
6.00pm Redbrick' 7.55pm Book Choice' 9.00pm A Taste for Death 9.00pm The Golden Girls' 9.30pm A Houseful of Plants' * denotes C4
INDEX GUIDE
888
WHAT'S NEW 598
Just 119.95 How often do you wish you could sit down and rest whilst waiting M a queue? This lightweight trolley allows you to do just that. It features a fold-down handle plus a carrying handle, a waterproof liner and a padded seat and is strong enough to take 25 stone! Measurements are 24in seat height by 14in x 8in, handle height 33in. Ideal for both young and old alike. Why not take the load off your arms and weight off your feet and order one today.
ake a date wanes with the DIARY
1989
1989 is just around the corner and the new TVTimes diary is perfect for recording all those important dates in the year to come. With a week to a view, there is plenty of space for noting meetings, anniversaries and appointments. And a weekly section on star birthdays means you can find out which of your TV favourites shares your special day. PLUS! Discover star views and tips on holidays, food, home, health and beauty in the diary's informative and fun front section. The TVTimes diary, ideal for pocket or handbag, costs only £3.25 including postage.
How to order Fill in the coupon with the number required and send it, together with your cheque or postal order, crossed and made payable to Independent Television Publications Ltd., to TVTirnes Shopping Trolley Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB. Access and Visa card holders may order direct by telephoning Market Harborough (0858) 410510. If you should be in any way dissatisfied, please return the goods within seven days to the address stated above and a full refund or replacement will be sent to you. — — — — — — — — — — — — —
To TV Times Diary Offer, I PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB
How to order Fill in the coupon with number required and send it, together with your cheque or postal order crossed and made payable to Independent Television Publications Ltd. to TVTimes Diary Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB. Access and Visa card holders may order direct by telephoning Market Harborough (0858) 410510. If you should be in any way dissatisfied, return the goods within 7 days to the address stated above and a full refund or replacement will be sent to you.
To TIrrimes Shopping Trolley Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB
Please indicate number required. Price includes VAT and postage. Allow 28 days for delivery from receipt of order. Offer closes subject to availability. Cost No req Item Shopping Trolley Co £19.95 Total Cost I enclose cheque No Please debit my Access/ Value £ Visa card (delete where not applicable) Account No Signature Name Address
Please indicate number required. Price includes VAT and postage. Please allow 14 days for delivery from receipt of order. Offer closes 31st December 1988. No. Regd.
Item
TVTimes Diary 3.25 TOTAL COST Value £
I enclose cheque No
Please debit my AccessNisa card (delete where not applicable) Account No Signature Name Address Postcode
Postcode
.
A-
real family savings are to be found in our brand-new ,>'..3" The real 1/4.s Summer '89 brochure. Every single week throughout the season, we have bargains on offer which will make your money stretch further At Mo' than you ever imagined. Like the thousands and thousands of 'free child places' which reach right up to the dizzy heights of 19 years of age. And just for good measure, we have the most amazing 2nd child reductions, which also include places for 19 year olds. And it goes without saying, that our adult prices are as appetizing as our long list of sunshine destinations, and flights are now from Manchester, Birmingham, East Midlands, Stansted, Newcastle, Glasgow, Cardiff and Bristol. But to be sure of the best summer bargains, get along to your ABTA Travel Agent and book early with Airtours.
c,
Landshapes Ahoy!
„ot,
TV producer Tim Fell (inset, second from left) spent the equivalent of six days in the air to make the new series Landshapes, (C4, Monday). Never having flown in a helicopter before, he quickly became accustomed to that idea during 146 hours hovering above Britain. 'The programmes shoW What the landscape is made of and the processes which shaped it,' he says. 'To do it we covered 200 locations — we went everywhere, from the Orkneys to Lulworth Cove on the South coast (pictured below)— in 31 days filming.' Tim admits to one minor drawback. 'Helicopters vibrate terribly. After a day in one it took me at least an hour of walking on firm ground to stop myself trembling.' Perhaps the series should have been called Landshakes! -
Catch Police Academy 2 For a man not overly impressed with certain aspects of his profession, Steve Guttenberg has done remarkably well out of acting. His role as Carey Mahoney in the box office hit Police Academy 2, (ITV, Saturday), was a major step along the way to his current stardom — he's pictured clearly taking his training seriously — and the second instalment of a business deal which has made him an extremely wealthy man. He negotiated, and got, a percentage of box office takings for the original Police Academy and its sequels; yet, for all his fame and fortune, Guttenberg remains disenchanted with the workings of the film world. He says: 'People put others down because they don't have the right shape or looks. I'm just one of the fortunate few.'
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
47
Floella's baby bio
In the new series of A
Houseful of Plants, (C4, Friday) there's more growing than meets the eye — co-presenter Floella Benjamin was pregnant throughout filming. 'I wore clothes that flattered the bump, with lots of bows,' giggles Floella. 'The big joke on set was that I was an Easter egg and that when the bow was pulled the baby would pop out.' Now baby Alvina, a sister for seven-year-old Aston, is happily installed in the Benjamin home. Floella insists that Alvina, a genuine hot-house baby, was laughing at fourdays-old. Meanwhile, Floella and family are awash in a houseful of flowers, plants and nappies.
Come star spotting Only one of this week's six acts will go through to the finals of New Faces (ITV, Saturday). Cast your vote on the coupon below. The sender of the first correct entry to be pulled out of the draw will be invited to watch the New Faces final on Friday 3 December.
r
-
- New Faces of '88 Saturday 22 October
Vote for one of the following: Dave Lee Michael; Jon Willy Brown; Sarah Parnell; J J; Mad Hatters; Hanna Starosta My Favourite New Face is: Name Address BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE To New Faces of '88 Box 161, Birmingham 131 1TY Closing date Friday 28 October 1988
TV LETTER LINE Your companies: Anglia Television Ltd, Anglia House, Norwich NRl 3JG (tel: 0603 615151); Channel Four Television Co Ltd and Right to Reply, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2AX (tel: 01-631 4444); and TV-am Ltd, Hawley Crescent, London NW1 8EF (tel: 01-267 4300).
48
TO VLADIMIR'S CREDIT Ingmar Bergman considers it to be the finest film he's ever seen about a living musician, and Allegro: Vladimir
Ashkenazy: The Vital Juices Are Russian (C4, Saturday), certainly features one of the finest musicians alive. Made in 1968, the film follows the self-exiled Russian virtuoso on tour in Europe, and at the time of his move from London to Iceland. The intervening 20 years have been kind indeed to the 51-year-old master pianist (right); he has two homes in Switzerland, another in New York and can command £20,000 a night for his recitals in America. But, as with many true talents, he is not — and never has been — in it for the money. 'I live luxuriously, which I never aimed for,' he says. 'I don't need any more. I don't know what this money is all for — you can't take it with you when you go. But with music, you can leave something behind...' Ashkenazy's fans are in doubt he'll do just that.
Pet subjects There was a time when her popularity overtook even Marilyn Monroe's, but such acclaim is now a distant memory for Kim Novak. Which is just how she likes it. Kim stars alongside Kirk Douglas (they're pictured, right) in the 1960 film Strangers When We Meet, (C4, Friday), but today she prefers animals to other actors. Now 56, she occasionally leaves her ranch in California, to take up film or TV offers; the rest of the time she stays at home with her veterinary husband Bob Malloy and their assorted llamas, dogs, horses, chickens and goats. 'My vocabulary was never very big,' she says, 'and it's even smaller now. That's because I spend more time with animals than people — you don't have to impress animals with words.'
Gloria's glory Gloria Estefan (above) has done as much to popularise Latin-American music as Carmen Miranda and her headful of fruit—although in a far less flamboyant fashion. Last year, for example, she and her group, Miami Sound Machine, were responsible for 11,142 people in Burlington, Iowa, forming the (unofficial) world's largest conga line. Cuban-born Gloria is aware that no such feat will be possible when she appears next Sunday in Live From The Palladium (ITV), but she'll settle for a few toes tapping. 'We sing in Spanish or English,' she says, 'but so long as people are dancing I'll know we're using the right language.' Anything For You, her recent Top 20 hit single, proves the point.
ermission was granted for Game, Set & Match (ITV, Monday and repeated on C4, Saturday) to film on the western half of Berlin's Oberbaum Bridge, which runs between East and West. But the camera crew were given a firm 'Nein' when they wanted actor Ian Holm (pictured right with Mel Martin) to walk across the bridge to the eastern side. How could the problem be resolved?, wondered producer Brian Armstrong. The answer was to build a duplicate of the bridge on the banks of Manchester's River Irwell. Cameras filmed the actors on the eastern half of the replica bridge, then the footage was spliced together with genuine location shots filmed on the western side of the real bridge. Look out for the scene in December's final episode. 'It's my fond belief,' says Armstrong, 'that no viewer will ever detect the join.'
p
Nuts about Monkeys
There's a new-look W ideawake Club (TV-am, Saturday), but the old familiar faces are still there. Jimmy McKay, for example, looks at animals in the wild as well as household pets. jimmy's own household includes three monkeys. Not that he'd encourage viewers to buy exotic animals. As with rainforest trees, he says, wild creatures shouldn't be thoughtlessly uprooted from their natural habitat. 'My three monkeys were all unwanted pets, bought by people who thought they were like toys,' he says. One was even exhibited in a snooker hall until rescued. 'Animals like these should never be sold as pets,' he says.
Time 'n' plaice Back in December 1979, when The Secret Policeman's Ball was first screened on ITV, John Cleese, who directed the stage show for Amnesty International, was not amused by the decision to cut out the naughty bits. Some years later, he decided to quit comedy altogether; 'I felt I'd lost touch with what made audiences laugh.' But now he's bounced right back as writer, director and romantic lead of his film A Fish Called W anda (1988). Romantic lead? 'Well, I play a character called Archie P,:per chase Leach, which was Cary In August, TVTimes reported Grant's real name, and I get the:: What The Papers Say was to kiss Jamie Lee Curtis,' says ending, closing a chapter in the lugubrious Cleese, television and newspaper his/ 'Very nicely put,' said pictured right with her. 'But I Ric d Ingrams, when he don't know if I understand Pry,:ed the final programme women any better than I did. I on 'But not true,' he don't understand fish, either. ch d. He implied that Tv e$ had got it wrong, The fish we eventually hired ate thz show was merely 32 other fish while waiting to MC r to ITV from C4. Very audition. We figured if we didn't nick at, Mr Ingrams. But, ala_ give her the part, she'd also . t true. In fact, after beis,j „rapped by C4, the eat us!' Cleese's spirits programme was reprieved by should lift still higher Lon . Granada and at the prospect of Gs.an ITV regions only (I% C4's Saturday ,iy). Executive Prc Ray Fitzwalker hopes screening of The 'e rentually be Secret tray ted by the entire ITV Policeman's Ball `So that all our loyal — with naughty vie' can smile once again.' bits intact. 1-, 711MES 22-28 October 1988 ,
•
Mississippi gamblers played cards for profit. Southern Comfort was strictly for pleasure.
22 October SATIIIIDAY 10.30am The Story of Alexander Graham Bell
Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News
9.30am How Does Your Garden Grow?
DAVID CASS
1: JACK MURRAY A repeated series in which Philip Wood and David Wilson explore some of Ulster's most fascinating private gardens. This week they visit jack Murray's County Down garden with its fine views of sea and mountain from Dundrum Bay to Slieve Donard, yet incorporating the shelter necessary to grow the camelias which, as Jack says, are `the champions of my garden'. With signing and subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing.
6.00 TV-am 6.00 Saturday Sport Geoff Clark brings you the latest news and interviews from the sporting scene, including a preview of the Skol Cup Final at Hampden Park. Jim McGrath looks at the day's racing at Doncaster and there's a chance to win tickets to a major sporting event in the 'Where Am I?' competition. 7.30 Wideawake Presented by Tommy Boyd, Timmy Mallett and Michaela Strachan. Animal expert Jimmy McKay and Michaela report from a veterinary hospital in North Wales, and science supremo Carol Vorderman explores time and how to make clocks. Guests include travelling author Nick Dazinger. Plus cartoon fun with The Shoe People. Don't miss your WAC favourites in the funpacked W ide A wake Club A nnual 1989 - on sale now, price £3.75.
9.25 to 11.30am Motormouth with ANDREA ARNOLD NEIL BUCHANAN JULIAN BALLANTYNE Get your teeth into this week's Motormouth.. . Trap Door, competition winners and much much more! 9.40 MM2 She-Ra Princess of Power: Glimmer's Story The source of the protective power of Castle Bright Moon is stolen, and if She-Ra fails to recover it the Kingdom will fall to the Horde. 10.05 MM3 At Spin Off, Motormouth comes to you live with the sounds of today. 10.30 MM4 Motormouth is on the case. Which burning issue will it bring you today? 10.55 MM5 The tables are turned and you have your say. Plus more music, chat and surprises. Motormouth comes to you live from the Spin Off Complex. Hilary Rolls Roger Sloman
Sword aloft, `She-Ra Princess of Power' confronts an army of formidable foes at 9.40pm Francesco Fortune Richard Waites
Jimmy Lane Joe Greco Producer/Director (Spin Off) David Crozier You can write to Motormouth at: PO Box 1, Maidstone, Kent ME14 5LL. DESIGNER NEIL POLLARD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JANIE GRACE DIRECTOR MIKE ADAMS PRODUCER TIM EDMUNDS SERIES PRODUCER ADRIAN EDWARDS TV S Production
11.30am America's Top 10 Casey Kasem presents the top ten hits from this week's US pop music charts.
12.00noon The Man From U.N.C.L.E. TEE VIRTUE AFFAIR Robespierre, a fanatic trying to emulate his famous historical namesake, plots to destroy the vineyards of France. Napoleon Robert Vaughn Illy a David McCallum A lexander Leo G Carroll Robespierre Ronald Long
1.00pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG Oracle ITN News Headlines throughout the week, page 101
1.05pm Anglia News and Weather followed by
Saint de Greaysie Ian and Jimmy present their forthright opinions
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
and in-depth reporting on the past week's league football action, plus a preview of the coming week. PRODUCTION TEAM JIM RAMSEY, JAMIE OAKFORD, CHRIS RHYS ASSOCIATE PRODUCER NIALL SLOANE DIRECTOR PATRICIA MORDECAI PRODUCER RICHARD WORTH A n ITV Sport Production
1.35 to 2.15pm Wrestling from Victoria Hall, Keighley, Yorkshire British Lightheavyweight title: Alan Kilby (champion) v Chris Cougar. Kilby is tough but Cougar has bags of determination. British Lightweight title: Kid McCoy (champion) v Ian Wilson. Will McCoy hold off the challenge? COMMENTATOR KENT WALTON DIRECTOR GEOFF HALL PRODUCER MICHAEL ARCHER
PRODUCER/DIRECTOR RUTH JOHNSTON Ulster Television Production
10.00am 4 What It's Worth A repeat of last Tuesday's programme. Susan Osman tracks down the man behind a £7 million investment fraud which has cost hundreds of people in Northern Ireland their life savings. The report examines the extent to which certain investment advisers, who are still in business, contributed to the tragedy. For fact sheet send sae to PO Box 6, Fleet, Hampshire, GU13 9QL.
DON AMECHE LORETTA YOUNG HENRY FONDA CHARLES COBURN In the late 19th century, Scottish-born Alexander Graham Bell emigrates to America and settles in Boston. An inventor by inclination, Bell ekes out a precarious living by teaching deaf-mute children. Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 A lexander Graham Bell Don Ameche Mabel Hubbard Loretta Young Tom W atson Henry Fonda Gardner Hubbard Charles Coburn
Thomas Sanders
Gene Lockhart
Mrs Hubbard
Spring Byington Gertrude Sally Blane Grace Peggy Ann Garner Berta Georgiana Young Sanders Bobs Watson Barrows Russell Hicks Judge Harry Davenport SCREENPLAY LAMAR TROTTI DIRECTOR IRVING CUMMINGS
12.20pm Le Reve de Pygmalion
ITV 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Motormouth 11.30 America's Top 10 12noon The Man from U.N.C.L.E. 1.00pm ITN News 1.05 Saint & Greaysie 1.35 Wrestling 2.15 Darts 4.15 The Return of the Antelope 4.45 Results Service 5.00 ITN News 5.15 Anglia News 5.25 Disney Cartoons 5.45 New Faces of '88 6.45 Blind Date 7.30 Beadle's About 8.00 Murder, She Wrote 8.55 ITN News 9.15 Bust 10.15 Film: Police Academy 2 11.55 Darts 1.00am The Hit Man and Her 1.00am (GMT) Night Network 3.00 American College Football 4.00 The Hit Man and Her
French animation in which a hand models a woman's head out of a piece of clay.
12.25 to 12.55pm Empress Wu BY SOI SUT FONG
When the Emperor visits Empress Wong in prison he feels so sorry for her that he makes plans to free her. English language version. For Paul Nicholas it's smile or 'Bust' at 9.15pm
ITV Production
ITV variations
C4
V iewers in the A nglia region who can receive alternative programmes from adjoining ITV areas will find that transmissions alter as follows: LWT 11.30am Knight Rider; 12.30pm to 1.00 Physical Pursuits; 5.10 to 5.45 Blockbusters; 1.00 Night Network pt 1; 3.00 to 4.00am American College Football. CENTRAL 11.30 The Bionic Woman; 12.25 Cartoon; 12.30 to 1.00 Starfleet; 5.15 to 5.45 Blockbusters; 11.55pm Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.55(GMT) Film Butterfly. Pia Zadora in a provocative story of forbidden love; 1.55 Darts; 3.00 America's Top Ten; 3.30 Superbouts; 4.25 Cover Story; 4.50 to 5.00am Out of Limits. TVS 11.30am The Greatest American Hero; 12.30 to 1.00 Supercross; 5.15 to 5.45 Blockbusters; 1.00 to 2.00 Garrison's Gorillas; 3.00 Late Night Concert; 4.00 Company; 4.05 Rallycross; 4.35 to 5.00am America's Top 10. YORKSHIRE 12.00 to 1.00 U.F.O.; 5.15 to 5.45pm Blockbusters.
9.30am How Does Your Garden Grow? 10.00 ,4 What It's Worth 10.30 Film: The Story of Alexander Graham Bell 12.20pm Le Reve de Pygmalion 12.25 Empress Wu 12.55 Film: Bataan 3.05 Channel 4 Racing 5.05 Brookside 6.00 Right To Reply 6.30 Cities of Islam 7.00 News, Weather 7.05 Hollywood 8.05 Game, Set & Match 9.05 Allegro: Vladimir The Ashkenazy Vital Juices are Russian 10.05 Film: The Secret Policeman's Ball 11.50 Baseball 1.50am Close
'ow Does Y our Garden Grow?' Jack Murray (centre) answers David W ilson (left) and Philip W ood. 9.30am
-
51
SATURDAY 12 G Anglia 2.15pm Darts THE MFI WORLD MATCHPLAY From the Festival Hall, Basildon. Introduced by Dickie Davies. The quarter-final stage of Britain's richest darts event which has a prize money fund of £53,000 plus the incentive of £100,000 for the first perfect nine-dart checkout — precisely 501 to be scored with only nine throws. Joint world No 1 Bob Anderson, the 'Limestone Cowboy' from Swindon, defends this title. Commentary by Dave Lanning. Coverage continues at 11.55pm. See page 22 DIRECTOR TED AYLING EDITOR JEFF FOULSER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STUART McCONACHIE Independent Television Sport Production
4.15pm The Return of the Antelope BY WILLIS HALL
THE SECRET OF THE MUNICIPAL MUSEUM Disguised as a museum attendant, Harwell Mincing closes in on the Lilliputians. Mr Garstanton Richard Vernon Garry Halliday Ernest Emily Erica Sail John Branwell Spelbush John Quentin Fistram Annie Hulley Brelca Fiona McArthur Millie Harwell Mincing Paul Chapman Sarah Mincing Stephanie Cole Pte Tuffnell Michael McNally Rudkin Crumble Michael Maynard DESIGNER PAUL ROWAN PRODUCER/DIRECTOR EUGENE FERGUSON Granada Television Production
Don't forget British Summertime ends at 2am when clocks should be put back one hour to lam.
4.45pm Results Service
10.15pm Movie Premiere:
Elton Welsby reports today's sports results.
JEREMY BEADLE Beadle's back with a new series of wily wind-ups, crafty capers, and cracking good cons. Beadle's bamboozling finds more stars from the unsuspecting public. Script associate is Ian Cross.
STEVE GUTTENBERG POLICE ACADEMY 2: THEIR FIRST ASSIGNMENT Captain Pete Lassard, given 30 days to beat the crime wave in his precinct, takes on six raw recruits from the Police Academy run by his brother, Commandant Lassard. They turn out to be a motley and inept bunch and, adding to the Lassard's problems is the ambitious Lieutenant Mauser who, determined to get the Captain's job, is sabotaging every lawenforcing effort the recruits make... See film guide, beginning page 42
Oracle Sports Headlines, throughout the week, page 130
5.00pm ITN News 5.15pm Anglia News, Sport and Weather 5.25pm Disney Cartoons THE POINTER/ FIGARO AND CLEO
5.45pm New Faces of '88 MARTI CAINE Stubby Kaye Nina Myskow Bruce Welch The show in which you, the viewer, vote for one of six acts new to television to go forward to the All Winners Final on 3 December. Marti Caine introduces Dave Lee Michael, soloist from Newcastle; Jon Willy Brown, Nottingham comic; Sarah Parnell, singer and pianist from London; J J, a different kind of magician; Mad Hatters, a comedy singing group; and Hanna Starosta, violinist from Glasgow. On the judging panel are Stubby Kaye, Nina Myskow and Bruce Welch. Viewers' votes decide the winner — so fill in the coupon on page 48. Music director is Harry Rabinowitz, script associate Howard Imber. See page 48 for voting coupon DESIGNER PAUL GILPIN PRODUCER RICHARD HOLLOWAY DIRECTOR DAVID G HILLIER Central Production
6.45pm Blind Date CILLA BLACK What will happen when boy meets girl and girl meets boy? Produced in association with Talbot Television. Oracle subtitles page 888 DESIGNER ALISON HUMPHRIES ASSOCIATE PRODUCER HELEN WRIGHT DIRECTOR JOHN GORMAN PRODUCER KEVIN ROAST LW T Production
All programmes are in colour unless otherwise stated
52
DIRECTORS CHRIS FOX, TERRY KINANE, SUE McMAHON PRODUCER ROBERT RANDELL LW T Production
8.00pm Murder, She Wrote OLD HABITS DIE HARD Jessica joins forces with her old friend, a Mother Superior, to solve the murder of a nun. Jessica Angela Lansbury Marion Simpson Eileen Brennan Bishop Shea Robert Prosky Rev Mother Claire Jane Powell
8.55pm ITN News and Sport followed by Weather Forecast Summary
9.15pm Bust PAUL NICHOLAS BELINDA LANG with Sarah Neville WEEKEND BREAK BY PHILIP HINCHCLIFFE
Neil decides to take Sheila away for a romantic weekend by the sea. But they encounter an old flame of Neil's... Oracle subtitles page 888 Neil W alsh Paul Nicholas Sheila W alsh Belinda Lang Sally McLaren Shirin Taylor Carol Chapman Sarah Neville Juliet Julia Watson Barry Trevor Byfield Stacy Clarke Tracey Tony Underwood George Irving A dam Ron Emslie Receptionist (seaside) Elizabeth Kettle Man in city building Ronald O'Neill M el Johnny Shannon Nick Radford Gary Olsen Receptionist (London) Juliet Douglas Mr Squigley Eric Kent Chrissie Cotterill Gloria Policeman Edward York EXECUTIVE PRODUCER NICK ELLIOTT PRODUCER PHILIP HINCHCLIFFE DIRECTOR JOHN REARDON DESIGNER BRYAN BAGGE LW T Production
TV Times is a member of the European TV Magazines Association
Carey Mahoney Steve Guttenberg Hightower Bubba Smith David Graf Tackleberry Larvell Jones Michael Winslow Doug Fackler Bruce Mahler Laverne Marion Ramsey Kirkland Colleen Camp Capt Pete Lassard Howard Hesseman Lt Mauser An Metrano Commandant Lassard George Gaynes Zed Bob Goldthwait Julie Brown Chloe V innie Peter Van Norden Merchant Tim Kazurinsky Ed Herlihy Dooley Sistrunk Sandy Ward Lance Kinsey Proctor Mop Christopher Jackson Flack o Church Ortiz Hurst George R Robertson Old Man Kirkland Arthur Batanides Mrs Kirkland Jackie Joseph Bud Kirkland Andrew Paris N am u Monica Parker Japanese chef Kenji Shintani Jennifer Darling Mayor SCREENPLAY BARRY BLAUSTEIN, DAVID SHEFFIELD DIRECTOR JERRY PARIS
11.55pm Darts THE MFI WORLD MATCHPLAY From the Festival Hall, Basildon Dickie Davies introduces the semifinals as the most lucrative darts event in Britain begins to come to the boil. The commentator is Dave Lanning. See the final at 2.30pm tomorrow.
16,_
Cilia Black plays Cupid again as her unattached volunteers look for a chance romance on 'Blind Date' at 6.45pm
showing out' with the best club dancers and giving you the chance to meet a disco date. If you would like to enter 'showing out', or send a message, write to: The Hit Man A nd Her, Music Box, 19-21 Rathbone Place, London Wl. DIRECTOR LUDO GRAHAM PRODUCER NICK WILSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT A Music Box Production for Granada Television
followed by ITN News Headlines British Summertime ends at 2.00arn when clocks go back one hour. Timings on all following programmes revert to Greenwich Mean Time.
L% Iil! III
1.00 to 2.00am The Hit Man And Her
1.00am (GMT) Night Network
Live from Mr Smith's Pete Waterman is the Hit Man playing the hottest dance music around and predicting next month's hits. And her? Michaela Strachan is her, and she'll be
PAUL THOMPSON EMMA FREUD GIAN SAMMARCO THE PARTRIDGE FAMILY Join Paul Thompson for V ideo V iew. Emma Freud hops into bed for
some Pillow Talk with a special guest. Gian Sammarco spools through the videos you can borrow or buy in The Small Screen. There's an episode of the Partridge Family. Plus reviews, news, videos and competitions. The address for your competition entries is: LWT, PO Box 90, London SE1 9PR. DESIGNER JAMES DILLON ASSOCIATE PRODUCER DAVE MORLEY DIRECTOR D. G. HILLIER PRODUCERS VIJAY AMARNANI, JILL SINCLAIR Night Network Production
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.00am American College Football COLORADO v OKLAHOMA followed by ITN News Headlines
4.00 to 5.00am The Hit Man And Her Return to Mr Smith's with Pete Waterman and Michael Strachan.
22-28 October 1988 TV TIMES
SATURDAY 5.05pm Brookside Big changes for Gordon, meanwhile Rod and Tracy are full of disapproval. Oracle subtitles page 888
12.55pm Bataan ROBERT TAYLOR After fighting an heroic rearguard action to cover the evacuation from Bataan, 13 American soldiers are left behind on the island, waiting for the Japanese to close in for the kill. Made in black and white
See film guide beginning page 42 Sgt Bill Dane Robert Taylor Lt Steve Bentley
George Murphy
Cpl Jake Feingold Thomas Mitchell Cpl Barney Todd Lloyd Nolan Capt Henry Lassiter Lee Bowman Leonad Purckett Robert Walker Felix Ramirez Desi Arnaz F X Matowski Barry Nelson Mathew Hardy Phillip Terry Cpl Juan Katigbak Roque Espiritu SCREENPLAY ROBERT D ANDREWS DIRECTOR TAY GARNETT
3.05pm Channel 4 Racing from Doncaster Introduced by Brough Scott. Two-year-olds have their last chance to shine at the highest level today — in the William Hill Futurity Stakes. It's the final Group One race of the season and the possible emergence of the winter favourite for next year's Ever Ready Derby is a fascinating prospect. 3.10 Doncaster EBF H'cap (lm 2f 50yd) 3.45 William Hill Futurity Stakes (./m) 4.15 Long John Scotch Whisky Apprentice H'cap (1m 41) 4.45 Solaglas Energy Savers Stakes (H'cap) (61)
Both sides dread Hightower (Bubba mith, top) and Carey Mahoney (Steve Guttenberg). 'Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment'
Race commentator Graham Goode; paddock commentator, Jim McGrath; interviewer Derek Thompson; betting and results John Tyrrel, John McCririck. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER MARK JACKSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ANDREW FRANKLIN DIRECTOR BOB GARDAM Y orkshire Television Production
6.00pm Right To Reply LINDA AGRAN If you have a point to make about TV (and not just Channel 4 programmes) write to Right To Reply at Channel 4 TV, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2AX (01-631 4444) or use the Video Box in London; or at STV in Glasgow; Tyne Tees TV, Piccadilly, York; Central TV, Birmingham or Albion Place, Oxford; HTV Bath Road, Bristol; or at the National Museum of Photography, Film and TV, Bradford. DIRECTOR KIM McCRODDAN PRODUCER ANDREA COLLETT EDITOR GWYNN PRITCHARD Channel 4 Production
6.30pm Cities of Islam 3: CAIRO In this series of programmes Muslim writers explore from their personal point of view the meaning and significance to them of four historic Islamic cities. When Cairo comes to mind most people think of the pyramids and the Pharaohs. But there is another aspect of this city, for Cairo was at the centre of the great Arab Empire of the Middle Ages. Thanks to her Mameluke rulers and their armies, she was spared the utter devastation of the Mongol invasions which reduced medieval Baghdad and Damascus to rubble. Of all these fabled cities, Cairo alone remains today — an unequalled treasure house of historic Islam. Narrated by Nadim Sawalha.
and Erich von Stroheim — two of Hollywood's legendary directors. Narrated by James Mason, music composed by Carl Davis. This series is linked with Channel Four's season of Thames Silents on Sunday afternoon. Tomorrow, von Stroheim's Greed. Oracle subtitles page 888 FILM EDITOR TREVOR WAITE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MIKE WOOLLER WRITERS/DIRECTORS/ PRODUCERS KEVIN BROWNLOW, DAVID GILL Thames Television Production
8.05pm Game, Set & Match BY LEN DEIGHTON ADAPTED BY JOHN HOWLETT
IAN HOLM HUGH FRASER MICHAEL CULVER MEL MARTIN MICHAEL DEGEN FREDERICK TREVES ANTHONY BATE ALAN MacNAUGHTAN Episode four M16 agent Bernard Samson has sensed the betrayal of his Brahms Network in two cities. In grey, divided Berlin, Werner Volkmann and his wife Zena are playing a curious game of intrigue and deception in the shadow of the Wall. In London, Samson has traced and confronted the Foreign Office suspect, Giles Trent. But his interrogation seems to have been too direct. It has driven Trent to suicide. Shown on ITV last Monday.
Oracle subtitles page 888 Bernard Samson Ian Holm Giles Trent Hugh Fraser Doctor Christopher Saul Celia Trent Thelma Whiteley Dicky Cruyer Michael Culver Ted Riley Mark Mulholland A lbert Anthony Schaeffer Bret Rensselaer Anthony Bate
Rolf Ma user Michael Mellinger W erner V olkmann Michael Degen Fiona Samson Mel Martin Tessa Kozinski Gail Harrison Billy Samson Jamie Valder
Sally Samson Kirsten Valder George Kozinski Gary Whelan Nanny Linda Broughton Director General Alan MacNaughtan Morgan Struan Rodger
Julian MacKenzie John Wheatley Frank Harrington Frederick Treves DESIGNERS CHRIS TRUELOVE, JAMES WEATHERUP DIRECTOR PATRICK LAU ASSOCIATE PRODUCER MILLY PREECE PRODUCER BRIAN ARMSTRONG Granada Television Production
9.05pm Allegro: Vladimir Ashkenazy — The Vital Juices are Russian BY CHRISTOPHER NUPEN
VLADIMIR ASHKENAZY DANIEL BARENBOIM ITZHAK PERLMAN EDO DE WAART THE ROTTERDAM PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA A film about the public and private lives of this Russian born master pianist and his personal battle, after emigrating from the Soviet Union, to come to terms with the West and with the high traditions of Western classical music. Another in the season of Christopher Nupon's work, this film was shot in 1968 when Ashkenazy and his family emigrated for the second time. They had left the Soviet Union in 1963 and in 1968 they moved from London to Iceland.
10.05pm The Secret Policeman's Ball JOHN CLEESE PETER COOK ROWAN ATKINSON BILLY CONNOLLY CLIVE JAMES TERRY JONES This comedy film presents a record of highlights from Amnesty International's third Comedy Gala at Her Majesty's Theatre, London in 1979. 'Slightly directed' by John Cleese, these include Rowan Atkinson as a master at a prep school and Cleese himself trying to buy some cheese. See film guide, beginning page 42 with John Cleese, Peter Cook, Clive James, Eleanor Bron, Rowan Atkinson, Billy Connolly, Michael PalM, Terry Jones, Neil Innes, Anna Ford, Mike Brearley, Clive Jenkins, Suzanne Church, Sylvester McCoy, Marcel Steiner, David Rappaport and Paul Abrahams. DIRECTOR ROGER GRAEF
11.50 to 1.50am Baseball The World Series could be won tonight as the two top teams in Major League Baseball reach game six in the seven game series. This programme may change if the World Series is concluded before transmission. Presented by David Jensen. PRODUCERS DEREK BRANDON, RUPERT RUMNEY A Cheerleader Production supported by Scottish A micable
FILM EDITOR PETER HEELAS PRODUCER/DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER NUPEN A llegro Films
MOO .11119•111•111.111111111111111Id ilid
WRITERS JOHN POOLEY, ZAKI BADAWI DIRECTOR/PRODUCER JOHN DOOLEY Polonius Production
7.00pm News Summary and Weather 7.05pm Hollywood JAMES MASON 4: AUTOCRATS Another close-up view of the early days in the motion picture industry and Cecil B DeMille
Be arrested by the wit of John Cleese and Peter Cook at 'The Secret Policeman's Ball, 10.05pm
53
etects s n it wakes yo p. Then it shows you the door. If a blown fuse has ever left you without lights, you know how difficult it can be to find your way round your own home in the dark. Now imagine doing it in the thick smoke of a fire. Hence the new Plasplugs Escape Light Smoke Alarm, specially designed for your hall, stairs or landing. Built into it there's a powerful light that switches on as soon as the alarm sounds. It directs a penetrating beam of light in just the direction you need it. Namely, the nearest exit. Equally well thought out are the other alarms in our new range. All designed around the philosophy that different rooms need different types of alarm. Our Kitchen Smoke Alarm, for example, features an ingenious override button; press it, and the alarm shuts down for 8-10 minutes, so you can grill, fry and flambe without the smoke setting the alarm off. Still more ingenious, there's an override on the override. So if you left the kitchen
and a serious fire did break out, the alarm would still go off. For the bedroom or lounge, there's the Plasplugs Standard Smoke Alarm. Each and every one is tested before it leaves the factory, and comes with a free 9 volt battery, simple fixing instructions, the screws and wall plugs needed to fix it, an alarm test button, and an automatic battery check that beeps for thirty days when the battery needs changing. Features shared by all three alarms, together with a standard of design and a level of finish that will let them fit in effortlessly with any room setting. Not to mention, of course, that all three are N.E.A. approved and meet B.S. 5446 (part 1) where applicable. Any smoke alarm gives you the chance to save your life. These ones are designed to improve the odds.
PLASPLUGS Plasplugs Limited. Wetmore Road. Burton-upon-Trent. Staffordshire DE14 ISD.
Plasplugs Smoke Alarms are available from: All good DIY and hardware stores, Argos, B&Q, Carpenters, Comet, Debenhams, Dickens, Do-it-All, Fads, Focus, Homebase, John Lewis, Littlewoods, Payless, Ripolin, Robert Dvas, Sava Centre, Selfridges, Tesco, Texas, Wilkinson, Woolworth.
3 October SUNDAY write to Motormouth on Sunday, PO Box 1, Maidstone, Kent, ME14 5LL.
Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News DAVID CASS
6.00 TV-am Introduced by George Spanswick. 6.00 Natural History Film 7.00 ARE YOU AWAKE YET? SALLY DEWHURST PETER GOSLING 7.23 Rowanne Pasco's Sunday Club for Children Children's views on religion. 7.30 The Zoo Family 8.00 DAVID FROST ON SUNDAY David Frost brings you the news as it happens, and discusses the issues of the day with the personalities making the headlines. Paul Reizin continues his offbeat odyssey to find Britain's undiscovered people and places. Plus a review of the Sunday newspapers at 8.30am and full TV-am news bulletins with Beatrice Hollyer at 8.00 and 9.00am.
9.25 to 11.00am Motormouth on Sunday with TONY GREGORY ANDREA ARNOLD
Fraggle Rock THE CAVERN OF LOST DREAMS Cotterpin Doozer searches for the original Cave of the Doozers. Meanwhile, PK and Sprocket go sea fishing. PK is played by John Gordon-Sinclair. PRODUCERS VICTOR PEMBERTON, LAWRENCE S MIRKIN DIRECTORS ALISTAIR CLARK, TERRY MASKELL EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS J NIGEL PICKARD, JIM HENSON TV S Production
9.55am Motormouth The law and you. Do you break the law? What is a criminal offence? What happens if you do get into trouble? Who makes the laws and are they right? Motormouth investigates. You can
DESIGNER NEIL POLLARD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JANIE GRACE DIRECTOR RICK GARDNER ASSOCIATE PRODUCER JOHN COOMBES SERIES PRODUCER ADRIAN EDWARDS TV S Production
10.30am Follyfoot BASED ON AN IDEA BY MONICA DICKENS
THE HUNDRED POUND HORSE BY ROSEMARY ANNE SISSON
Tim Shaw's horse was special - 'It won the Grand National and you can't be more special than that' he tells Dora. It may look like a bedstead to Ron Stryker, but to Dora all horses are special, and dreams are important, too. Tim Shaw Marc Granger Ron Stryker Christian Rodska Dora Gillian Blake The Colonel Desmond Llewelyn Slugger Arthur English Steve Steve Hodson Geoff Shaw Keith Buckley CAMERA PETER JACKSON EDITOR JOHN WATTS DIRECTOR JACK CARDIFF EXECUTIVE PRODUCER TONY ESSEX
11.00am Morning Worship From All Saints, Newcastle upon Tyne The annual All Faiths Service to celebrate the Newcastle upon Tyne People to People Week. Each year, all the religious communities in Newcastle come together for a combined service of celebration. This year the theme for worship is One World, One Family, One God. PRODUCER PAUL BLACK DIRECTOR PAUL DICKIN Tyne Tees Television Production
12.00noon The Walden Interview BRIAN WALDEN In an hour long, one-toone interview, Brian Walden uses his renowned skills at lively, incisive questioning to interrogate not just politicians, but a wide range of the powerful, influential and famous from Britain and abroad. He reveals what motivates them, what impact they're trying to have on the rest of us, and what
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
they think but don't normally say.
action. The lid is lifted on a last major celebrity in Room 113, and Celebrity Sam homes in with the latest Hollywood news. And test your brain with another True or False? Plus hard news stories and lots more.
RESEARCH SIMON GORNICK, LAIN PICTON DIRECTOR DAVID W ROLFE PRODUCERS KAREN THAPAR, CATHI WHEATLEY SERIES PRODUCER JOHN WAKEFIELD LW T Production
1.00pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG
1.10pm Anglia News followed by Weather Forecast Summary
1.15pm Link Kevin Mulhern talks to Nicholas Scott, the minister responsible for the requirements of disabled people, about the need for antidiscrimination legislation for people with disabilities. PRODUCER KEVIN MULHERN A Coffers Bare Production for Central Independent Television
1.30pm Weather Trends followed by
Farming Diary DAVID RICHARDSON OLIVER WALSTON BARRY WILSON The weekly programme with film reports on the farming scene from Teesside to the Thames. Studio topics and up-tothe-minute coverage of EEC developments. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER RICHARD FOXTON PRODUCER WILLIAM SMITH A nglia Television Production
9.25am Orientations The second edition of the topical magazine series focusing on Europe's Oriental communities and bringing the Far East closer to British viewers. This week the programme features private street traders in China and the problems of getting rich under Communism. This is followed by a performance of mask theatre and then a glimpse of Hong Kong's glamorous nightlife. Fully subtitled in English and Chinese. SERIES PRODUCER ANTHONY SHANG DIRECTOR ANDY KEMP
Orientations Production
10.00am NEW
The World This Week GILL PYRAH MICHAEL NICHOLSON The return of television's only 'weekly' devoted to international affairs, news discussion and analysis of the major events and developments in the world outside Britain. Presented by Gill Pyrah and Michael Nicholson. PRODUCER MARTIN HOWE
TV F/ITN Production
2.00 to 2.30pm The Human Factor TED HARRISON PETER WILLIAMS MONI CAMERON FOOD FOR THE SOUL? What are we eating and why are we eating it? That question has never been more pressing than now. In an age of junk food and fast food takeaways, the culture of eating in most Western societies is changing dramatically. Food is becoming just fuel for the body, often to be eaten on the move. At the beginning of One World Week, Ted Harrison looks at some traditional food customs. FILM EDITOR PAUL EVANS RESEARCH PHILIP DAMPIER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PETER WILLIAMS DIRECTOR HANAFI HAYES EDITOR ANDREW BARR TV S Production
11.00am Network 7 For the last programme in the current series, more big news, street style, 100mph talking and early-morning
SERIES EDITOR CHARLES PARSONS EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS JANE HEWLAND, KEITH MACMILLAN
Sunday Production
1.00pm Lost In Space THE GHOST PLANET Hoping to land on Earth, Smith (Jonathan Harris) causes Jupiter 2 to land on an alien planet run by Cyborgs.
2.00 to 4.35pm Greed Another in the series of Thames Silents. McTeague, a goldmine worker, serves an apprenticeship with an itinerant dentist, and later sets up a practice himself. His friend Marcus brings his cousin Trina as a patient. McTeague falls in love with her and Marcus, who also loves her, steps aside to let them marry. This version of the powerful silent classic is some 30 minutes longer than most existing prints. Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 McTeague Gibson Gowland T rina ZaSu Pitts Marcus Shouler Jean Hersholt Mr Sieppe Chester Conklin Mrs Sieppe Sylvia Ashton A ugust Sieppe Austin jewel Maria Dale Fuller Mr Heise Hughie Mack Selina Joan Standing Old Grannis Frank Hayes Gribbons Jack McDonald McTeague Sr Jack Curtis
Ara' L44446 ITV 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Fraggle Rock 9.55 Motormouth 10.30 Follyfoot 11.00 Morning Worship 12noon The Walden Interview 1.00pm ITN News 1.10 Anglia News and Weather 1.15 Link 1.30 Weather Trends f/b Farming Diary 2.00 The Human Factor 2.30 Darts 3.45 Motor Show '88 4.30 The Queen In Spain 5.00 Blockbusters 5.30 A Portrait of My Grandmother 6.00 Bullseye 6.30 ITN News 6.35 Anglia News and Weather 6.40 Appeal 6.45 Highway 7.15 Concentration 7.45 Live from The Palladium 8.45 ITN News f/b Weather 9.05 Piece of Cake 10.00 Hale & Pace 10.30 The South Bank Show 11.30 Prisoner: Cell Block H f/b News 12.25am Married... With Children 12.55 First Exposure 1.25 The Other Side of Midnight f/b News 1.55 Matlock f/b News 3.00 Indy-Cart Racing
Mrs McTeague
Tempe Pigott SCREENPLAY JUNE MATHIS, ERICH VON STROHEIM gm) DIRECTOR ERICH VON STROHEIM
C4 9.25am Orientations 10.00 The World This Week 11.00 Network 7 1.00pm Lost In Space 2.00 Film: Greed 4.35 Obsession 4.40 Stone Monkey 5.10 News, Weather 5.15 The Business Programme 5.45 American Football 7.00 Equinox: Bamboo 8.00 Rebel of the South Seas 9.00 The Media Show TV2000 Special 10.50 Film: Comes a Horseman 1.00am Baseball 4.00. Close -
W hat's happening in 'The W orld This W eek'? Gill Pyrah tells and shows
55
SUNDAY 1 3 Oet Anglia 2.30pm Darts THE MFI WORLD MATCHPLAY From the Festival Hall, Basildon Introduced by Dickie Davies. Who will collect the biggest purse in British darts, the £21,000 winner's prize in the best-of-nine-sets final? Dave Lanning is behind the mike. See page 22
3.45pm Motor Show '88 CHRIS BARRIE PAMELA ARMSTRONG JEAN DENTON JEREMY JUDGE From the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Chris Barrie eyes the astronomic price tags on new Aston Martins, Jaguars, Maseratis and more. Pamela Armstrong and a panel of car buying members of the public try out a selection of vehicles specially chosen by W hich? magazine to meet their needs. ExBritish Women's Racing Champion, Jean Denton, tests the true worth of four-wheel drive and four-wheel steering. From the ad agency that created Vorsprung Durch Technik, Jeremy Judge assesses the importance of style versus engineering. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER IAN WILLOX DIRECTOR BOB MARSLAND PRODUCER JON BLAIR A Jon Blair Film Company Production for Central
4.30pm The Queen in Spain ANTHONY CARTHEW This is the first state visit by the Queen and the Duke of Flinburgh to Spain. The invitation was issued by King Juan Carlos when he came to Britain in 1986. The tour starts with the official welcome by the Spanish royal family in the Palace of Madrid. At the Prado Museum the royal couple view an exhibition of British paintings. Outside the city, in the hills of Madrid, they spend an afternoon at the Escorial
56
Monastery, moving on to the beautiful Andalucian city of Seville. The tour ends in Barcelona viewing the Picasso Museum and the setting for the 1992 Olympics. Presented by Anthony Carthew. See page 6
cover when a mobster recognises they're acting. Writers are Hale & Pace and Laurie Rowley. DESIGNERS ALISON HUMPHRIES, HAZEL LESNIAREK DIRECTOR VIC FINCH PRODUCER ALAN NIXON LW T Production
EDITOR GRAHAM FORRESTER DIRECTOR KIT PLANT ITN Production
10.30pm The South Bank Show
5.00pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS Brains, courage and a 72, sense of humour are all you need to win Blockbusters. 0
a
5.30pm A Portrait Of My Grandmother Sybil, Marchioness of Cholmondeley, is 94 and lives at Houghton Hall in Norfolk. She has an incredible fund of memories and accurate impressions of the statesmen, dictators, diplomats, artists and sportsmen throughout this century. In this film she reminisces with her grandson, David Rocksavage, about the eminent people she has known and also guides us around Houghton, the Palladian stately home built by Sir Robert Walpole, where she has lived for the past 70 years. CAMERA MICHAEL MILES SOUND MERVYN GERRARD EDITOR LESLIE HEALEY DIRECTOR/PRODUCER DAVID ROCKSAVAGE A Golden Eye Production for A nglia Television
6.00pm Bullseye JIM BOWEN TONY GREEN Alan Glazier Jim Bowen hosts a three-way encounter with contestants from Lancashire, Norfolk and the West Midlands who try their luck at the darts game with a difference. It's the turn of professional Alan Glazier to try for the charity challenge. Script associate is Howard Imber. Produced in association with Chatsworth Television. DESIGNER JOHN LAGEU PRODUCER/DIRECTOR RICHARD BRADLEY Central Production
6.30pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG
6.35pm Anglia News and Weather
tr
`The Queen in populace and
6.40pm Appeal LYNNE FAULDS WOOD NATIONAL ECZEMA SOCIETY Lynne Faulds Wood, whose baby son Nicholas has suffered from eczema, appeals on behalf of the National Eczema Society. The society's address is: The National Eczema Society, PO Box 282, London WC1H 9JS. PRODUCER/DIRECTOR KEITH ACKRILL Central Production
6.45pm Highway HARRY SECOMBE from North Donegal Harry visits Glenveagh National Park, Co Donegal, in the northwest corner of Ireland, to meet Father Jimmy Doherty, who, despite suffering from multiple sclerosis has formed a ' successful pop band to raise money for charity. Harry also meets one of Ireland's finest harpists, Brenda Barron. EXECUTIVE PRODUCER BILL WARD PROGRAMME ASSOCIATE RONNIE CASS PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BOB BRIEN Ulster Television Production
7.15pm Concentration NICK JACKSON The game show where a good memory and Concentration help the players win fabulous prizes. By solving the hidden puzzles a contestant can win the trip of a lifetime. Produced in association with Mark Goodson. DESIGNER GREG LAWSON DIRECTOR/PRODUCER GRAHAM C WILLIAMS TV S Production
t with the Ana by K ing Juan Carlos. 4.30prn
7.45pm Live from The Palladium JIMMY TARBUCK with special guest TOM JONES with JOE LONGTHORNE EDDY GRANT MARTI CAINE DARRYL SIVAD MARK WALKER with The Alan Harding Dancers Alyn Ainsworth and his Orchestra Jimmy Tarbuck is your host at the world's most famous variety theatre, The London Palladium, for this series of shows — featuring the best of British and international music and comedy, with the occasional surprise. Writers are Charlie Adams, Garry Chambers, Gerald Mahlowe, Wally Malston and Alan Wightman. See page 106 DESIGNER BILL McPHERSON ASSOCIATE PRODUCER SEAN MURPHY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MARCUS PLANTIN PRODUCER/DIRECTOR IAN HAMILTON LW T Production
8.45pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG followed by Weather Forecast Summary
9.05pm Piece of Cake BY LEON GRIFFITHS, ADAPTED FROM THE NOVEL BY DEREK ROBINSON
Part 4 Piece of Cake follows the adventures, heartaches and rites of passage of RAF fighter pilots during the chaotic first year of the Second World War. It is March 1940 and Hornet Squadron are
billeted with their Spitfires in France, near the German border. With the coming of spring there is a double wedding planned, but will romance stand a chance when the real fighting starts? With only one 'lucky kill' to its name, Hornet Squadron's young pilots begin to doubt their textbook training and their courage to take on the might of the Luftwaffe when the big 'push' comes. See page 10 Oracle subtitles page 888 Pilots of Hornet Squadron: Sqcin Ldr Rex Tim Woodward Trevelyan Jason Calder Chris Hart Boyd Gaines 'Moggy' Neil Dudgeon 'Mother' Cox Patrick Bailey 'Fanny' Barton Tom Burlinson 'Flip' Moran Gerard O'Hare Sticky' Gordon Lovitt 'Fitz' Jeremy Northam 'Pip' Patterson George Anton 'Flash' Gordon Nathaniel Parker Dutton Sam Miller Timothy Lyn Lloyd Officers: 'Skull' Skelton Richard Hope 'Uncle' Rollaway David Horovitch Marriott Stephen MacKenna Bletchley Michael Elwyn Medical Officer Richard Durdon Other ranks: LA C Gullett John Bleasdale Civilians: Mary Helena Mitchell Nicole Corrine Dada Henri Daniel Pageon EXECUTIVE PRODUCER LINDA AGRAN PRODUCER ANDREW HOLMES DIRECTOR IAN TOYNTON Holmes A ssociates Production for LW T
10.00pm Hale & Pace GARETH HALE NORMAN PACE MARGATE VICE Detectives Stubble and Crockery blow their
MELVYN BRAGG An interview with Britain's best-known film producer David Puttnam. Filmed in two parts, the programme first travels to Hollywood to talk to Puttnam the mogul as his stormy period as head of Columbia Studios draws to a close. Puttnam talks about his turbulent 13 months as studio boss during which time he attempted nothing less than a total reworking of the way Hollywood made films. Part two discovers him back in England at his Wiltshire home, preparing to resume his role as Britain's leading film producer. See page 98 PRODUCER DAVID THOMAS DIRECTOR DANIEL WILES RESEARCH FRANCES DICKENSON CAMERA GEOFF HARRISON FILM EDITOR TIM PEARCE LW T Production
11.30pm Prisoner: Cell Block H Drama from the Australian women's prison as two terrorists break into the prison. followed by ITN News Headlines
12.25am Married... With Children JOHNNY BE GONE Al has to make the difficult choice between honouring his commitments to his children or attending the final bash at his favourite hamburger stand. Al Peggy
Steve Marcy
Ed O'Neill Katey Sagal David Garrison Amanda Bearse
12-55am First Exposure First in a series of programmes featuring new comedy acts never before seen on television, hosted by one of Britain's best
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
3 October SUNDAY baseball season finishes. Mick Luckhurst and John Smith report on Bo Jackson, a unique two sport athlete.
alternative cabaret comperes, Arthur Smith. DESIGNER JAMES DILLON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MARCUS PLANTIN DIRECTOR JOHN BIRKIN PRODUCERS JULIET BLAKE, TREVOR HOPKIN LW T Production
1.25am The Other Side Of Midnight ANTHONY WILSON Anthony Wilson meets the stars, analyses the trends and reviews the releases. Your weekly antidote to trendy television. RESEARCH STEVEN LOCK, BRIAN MACHIN PRODUCER/DIRECTOR JULIAN JARROLD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT Granada Television Production
followed by
ITN News Headlines
IL . 5 5 a m Matlock THE COURT MARTIAL: 1 Matlock combats resentment from the military when he defends Private Chris Hughes who's been framed for murder. Ben Matlock Andy Griffith Charlene Matlock Linda Purl Tyler Kene Holliday Hughes Tony Becker
followed by
ITN News Headlines
3.00 to 5.00am Indy-Cart Racing BOSCH SPARK PLUG GRAND PRIX ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: LWT 1.30 LWT Action; 1.90 to 2.00 Link; 5.00 Sunday Sunday; 6.00 to 6.30 The Good Life Guide; 11.30 The Making of Modern London; 12.00 Film - Macho Callahan. A man escapes from an army camp to search for the person responsible for his misfortunes, stars David Janssen, Jean Seberg; 2.00 The Other Side of Midnight; 2.30 to 3.00am Pick of the Week. CENTRAL 1.30 10 2.00 Here and Now; 5.00 to 6.00 Football; 12.00 Author's Disappointment. 2.05 Pick of the Week; 2.35 The Hit Man and Her; 3.55 The Other Side of Midnight; 4.05 to 5.00 Central Jobfinder '88. TVS 5.00 to 6.00 Sunday Sunday; 11.30 Poole Proms; 12.35 to 1.30 Hepburn and Tracey; 2.00 to 4.00 Film - Wonder Man. Danny Kaye plays twins in this colourful comedy; 4.05 Coast to Coast People; 4.35 to 5.00am Island Life. YORKSHIRE 1.00 to 1.15 Calendar News Five Minutes; 1.30 to 2.00 Farming Weather, then Farming Diary; 5.00 The Fall Guy; 6.00 Bullseye; 6.30 News, Calendar News; 6.40 to 6.45 Appeal; 1.30 Scrumdown; 12.30 News Headlines followed by Film - Just Tell Me What You Want Ali MacGraw is a movie mogul's mistress - and so are plenty of other dames. Sidney Lumet directs. 2.30 Pick of the Week; 3.00 Other side of Midnight; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
PRODUCER MIKE WILMOT Cheerleader Production supported by The Daily Telegraph.
4.35pm Obsession A Yugoslav animated film in which a bottle of wine turns into a cat and torments a man.
4.40pm Stone Monkey PORTRAIT OF A ROCK CLIMBER Dynamic movement is the theme of this exciting portrayal of one of Britain's best young climbers, Johnny Dawes. Early boyhood influences are traced as the film moves on to document some of Johnny's unrepeated routes on the Derbyshire Gritstone edges. Then to Wales, and the spectacular Quarryman Groove...
7.00pm Equinox: Bamboo What material can be used in deep drilling for natural gas, the construction of suspension bridges, shipbuilding, paper and scaffolding? The answer is bamboo, the world's fastest growing plant. For thousands of years it has been the mainstay of the Chinese economy and today as China pulls itself towards the 21st century it is playing an increasingly important role in the country's latest economic and industrial revolution. For series booklet send ÂŁ2.50 to C4 address 1, page 75. Oracle subtitles page 888
PRODUCER ALUN HUGHES DIRECTOR HUGH WILLIAMS Hughes Film Productions
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER BARBIE CAMPBELL-COLE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MICHAEL BLAKSTAD DIRECTOR PATRICK FLEMING W orkhouse Production
5.10pm News Summary and Weather
8.00pm Rebel of the South Seas
5.15pm The Business Programme RICHARD KERSHAW DIARMUID JEFFREYS The series in a live format, presented by Richard Kershaw. Each week, a team of correspondents report from the financial and industrial centres of the world on what is making money, and for whom. DIRECTOR LOUISE CAPELL EDITOR DIARMUID JEFFREYS Business Television Production
5.45pm American Football Last weekend the Los Angeles Raiders played the Kansas City Chiefs and for the Raiders running back Bo Jackson, the game was highly significant. For Bo is the only professional in both American football and baseball, and from April to September he spends his time playing America's summer sport with the Kansas City Royals. He only starts playing for Los Angeles once the
BY PETER YELDHAM
JOHN McENERY ANGELA PUNCH McGREGOR RAY BARRETT The third episode of the series first screened as Tusitala. With civil war raging in his island home of Samoa, Robert
Louis Stevenson is fighting his own battles, to restore his health and that of his muchloved wife, Fanny, who is beset by mental illness. Oracle subtitles page 888 Robert Louis Stevenson John McEnery Fanny Angela Punch McGregor Harry Moors Ray Barrett Belle Strong Julie Nihill Lloyd Osbourne Todd Boyce Rev Clarke Norman Kaye A melia Clarke Lynn Dalby Lady Jersey Olivia Hamnett V on Pilsarch Joseph Furst Dr Eisler John Hamblin Maggie Dorothy Allison Cusack-Smith John Gregg Colvin Alfred Bell Henley Kirk Alexander Lord Rosebery Vincent Ball Dr Marks David Nettheirn Thomas Stevenson Ron Haddrick EXECUTIVE PRODUCER IAN WARREN PRODUCER RAY ALCHIN DIRECTOR DON SHARP Portman Production in association with A BC
9.00pm The Media Show Special - TV 2000
the future - offering a taste of the programmes available now on satellite TV, from the United States and Europe - plus studio guests from the worlds of entertainment and media to discuss the implications for viewers. And you won't need a special dish to receive any of it! PRODUCER VICKI BARRASS DIRECTOR JOHN MAIR DEPUTY EDITOR ANDY LIPMAN SERIES EDITOR ALEX GRAHAM A W all To W all Television Production
10.50pm Comes a Horseman JAMES CAAN JANE FONDA JASON ROBARDS Montana, 1945. Frank a a Athearn has returned from the bloody beaches of Anzio and Sicily to settle on a small piece of the rich western farmland for which he
=
MURIEL GRAY What will be the choice for TV viewers in the year 2000? What kind of programme can we expect - from latenight soft porn to 24hour soap operas? How many new satellite and cable TV channels will there be? Will there be any controls over standards - covering sex, violence or political bias? And what will be the impact on the existing services of the BBC, ITV and Channel Four? Tonight's extended live special promises to be a unique glimpse into
Frank Athearn (fames Caen) joins forces with Ella Connors (Jane Fonda) against landgrabbing J W Ewing (Jason Robards) in the film: 10.50pm
risked his life, but the fighting isn't over... See film guide, beginning page 42 Frank A thearn James Caan Ella Connors Jane Fonda J W Ewing Jason Robards A tkinson George Grizzard Dodger Richard Farnsworth Blocker Jim Davis Billy Joe Mark Harmon Hoverton
Macon McCalman
James Keach
SCREENPLAY DENNIS LYNTON CLARK DIRECTOR ALAN J PAICULA
1.00 to 4.00am Baseball If the World Series goes to seven games, you can see the deciding game live tonight. Presented by David Jensen. The programme may change if the World Series is concluded before transmission. Highlights can be seen on Tuesday at 12.30am, repeated on Thursday at 5.00pm.
THE 41w4b, ROYAL ALBERT CHRISTMAS PLATE Jotefts
-
Heavy 22 carat gold border
CHRISTMAS MAGIC In celebration of a traditional family Christmas English Bone China • The warmth of a traditional family Christmas combined with Royal A lbert's 'Old Country Roses' pattern The magic of a traditional family Christmas is beautifully captured on this exquisite 8 1/2" English bone china plate being launched by Royal Albert in time to celebrate Christmas 1988. The artist, Fred Erroyl, has combined the rich red blooms of Royal Albert 'Old Country Roses' fame with the poignant theme of a true family Christmas. His masterly brush strokes have captured the warmth of a real fire, the contentment of a beloved cat, the alluring sparkle from a gift-laden Christmas tree, a child's toy ... All enchanced with the luxury of 22 carat gold, lovingly lavished by hand upon each individual plate. 'Christmas Magic' is a fine example of the tradition of collectable Christmas plates. A perfect start to a Christmas plate collection or a wonderful addition to one already established. Gift-boxed and complete with a complimentary plate hanger so that it is ready for display, 'Christmas Magic' is available this year from Lawleys by Post. Please send your order to reach us by 1st December at the latest to be sure of your personal share of Christmas magic.
fr.
The Royal A lbert back stamp
A beautiful design by artist Fred Erroyl
Exquisite detail on a rose for Christmas
Plate shown smaller than actual size of 81/2" --
RESERV
I
'OYAL ALBERT CHRISTMAS PLATE NOW
Please enter my order for 'Christmas Magic', the Christmas Plate from Royal Albert, to be sent to me gift boxed and complete with a plate hanger, ready for dis lay, at the inclusive price of £17.95. I enclose cheque payable to Lawleys by Post for £17.95 Please debit my Access/American Express/Diners Club/Visa card for £17.95 ❑ Cardnumber11111111111111111 Expiry date I Name Address Postcode Signature (I am over 18 years of age) Date Send to: Christopher Pearson, Lawleys by Post, FREEPOST, Newcastle, Staffs, ST5 9ZY or telephone (0782) 711888 anytime (answering machine outside office hours) to place your credit card order: Orders received by December 1st 1988 will he despatched in time for Christmas gift giving. For orders received after that date please allow 28 days for deliver) , from acceptance of order. © 1988 Royal Doulton. Registered in England No. 452813.
0
I PLEASE ORDER BY 1ST DECEMBER TO AVOID DISAPPOINTMENT
CN
to I
>
ROYAL ALBERT® Lawleys by Post, Swift House, Liverpool Road, Newcastle, Staffs ST5 9ZY Lawleys by Post is a t/s of Royal Doulton (UK) Ltd.
MONDAY 11.29 Time For a Story W hen the Moon W inked: retold by Sarah and Stephen Corrin. An introduction to reading for 4-6 year olds.
11.41 Science and Technology
Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News
9.30am Schools Half-term repeat of last week's programmes.
DAVID CASS
9.30 Environments W hat is if? It's whatever you want it to be in 'Let's Pretend' at 12.10pm
6.00 TV-am The Morning Programme Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. The latest news with Gordon Honeycombe, sports results and financial news in Money Matters. Plus an early morning workout with Lizzie. 7.00 Good Morning Britain Anne Diamond and Mike Morris present a fastpaced mix of news, views and interviews. Keep up to date with news from Gordon Honeycombe and weather forecasts with Carol Dooley. Plus, celebrity chat, Jimmy Greaves previewing the week's TV highlights, Huckleberry Hound and birthday requests. 9.00 Wacaday Presented by Timmy Mallett. Timmy returns for a week's worth of Wacaday. Watch out for his adventures in Wales, competitions and more.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY Nothing is sacred in this fun quiz - even a lady's age is revealed as contestants try to guess each other's birthdates! The climax of the show sees one person in the hot seat attempting to get nine correct answers in only 75 seconds to win the book of travel vouchers. DESIGNER TIM WILDING RESEARCH MALCOLM QUIGGIN EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STEPHEN LEAHY DIRECTOR STEVE SMITH PRODUCER JANE MACNAUGHT A n A ction Time Production for Granada Television
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Mike Scott starts your week with the lively discussion programme. He'll be travelling the country to find out what
9144441°
Energy: Reducing energy bills by design.
you think about the issues in the news live every weekday morning. PRODUCER ANNA ARKI
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY A new way to spend your mornings. Join husband and wife team, Richard and Judy, for a live and lively look at the home and family. There's everything from food and drink to homes and shopping. There's practical advice on healthy living and money management, and we'll ease your emotional tensions in a problem shared. Lots of familiar faces will be dropping in for a chat. And we want to hear from you on our daily phone-in, so give us a call on 051-555-1000. Special features this morning include:
11.00 to 11.10 Childcare How parents can resolve the conflicting needs of home and career.
11.45.10 11.55 Town Gardens The A-Z of how to cope with the smallest of gardens - from patios to window boxes.
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. Give yourself a break and join Judy and Richard live from Liverpool tomorrow morning for more features and helpful advice.
See page 94 SERIES DIRECTOR DAVID MacMAHON PRODUCERS PETER CONNORS, ANDREW SERRAILLIER, CLARISSA HYMAN DEPUTY EDITOR MAX GRAESSER EDITOR DIANNE NELMES Granada Television Production
TV Tirnes is a member of the European TV Magazines Association
TVIDIES 22-28 October 1988
12.10 to 12.30pm Let's Pretend THE TENT He enjoyed camping, but he hadn't expected his granny, a goose, a cow and a scarecrow to want to share The Tent. Pretenders are Aidan Hamilton, Janet Rawson. Writer is Denis Bond. t DEVISER/PRODUCER MICHAEL JEANS
Villages: How patterns of settlement have come about in the countryside.
9.47 Seeing and Doing Toys with wheels: children create toy models from junk materials and construction sets.
10.04 Videomaths Turning: Looking at turns from our own point of view and through the eyes of others.
10.21 Maths is Fun Five garden gnomes: 'Five', 'Fat', 'Dive', 'Alone', 'Choose', and 'Row' are some of today's key words.
10.33 The English Programme
GCSE Literature: Five Stories of an Hour - Five different interpretations of Kate Chopin's short story.
ITV variations
11.00 Your Living Body
Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 1.30 to 3.25 Film - The Dark Angel. WW1 tale of heartbreak when a woman believes the man she loves has been killed so she marries his cousin, stars Merle Oberon and Fredric March; 6.00 Thames News; 6.30 to 7.00 Reporting London; 10.35 Film - The Red Light Sting. Public funds are used by police to buy a whorehouse to catch a crook, stars Farah Fawcett, Beau Bridges; 12.20am to 1.15 I Spy; 2.00 Film - Never Give An Inch. Paul Newman, Henry Fonda and Lee Remick star in a story about Oregon timberlands; 4.00 to 5.00am 60 Minutes. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 Young Doctors; 1.30 Film - Thin Ice. Kate Jackson, as widowed school teacher who falls in love with a student; 3.30 to 4.00 Hot Property; 6.35 to 7.00 Heart of the Country; 10.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 11.30 Film - Futureworld. Peter Fonda and Ul Brynner in a futuristic adventure; 1.30 Three's Company 2.05 Sportsweek; 3.05 60 Minutes; 4.00 Survival; 4.25 to 5.00am Central Jobfinder '88. TVS 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 1.30 to 3.25 Film Father Dear Father. Comedy starring Patrick Cargill as the harassed father of two teenage girls. With Beryl Reid, Donald Sinden; 6.00 Coast to Coast; 6.30 to 7.00 Country Ways; 10.35 Head to Head; 10.35 Fact to Face; 11.20 Film - Borderline. Murder on the Mexico/US border, stars Charles Bronson; 1.20 Supercross; 1.50 I Spy; 2.50am Hall and Oates. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm The Young Doctors; 1.35 to 3.25 Film - Blithe Spirit. Rex Harrison stars in Noel Coward's classic; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 Calendar; 6.30 to 7.00 The Calendar Fashion; 10.35 Calendar Commentary; 12.00 News Headlines followed by Film - Day for Night. Francois Truffaut's 1973 film-within-a-film showing the highs and lows of romantic movie making; 2.00 News Headlines followed by Trans World Sport; 3.00 Music Box; 4.00 About Britain; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
Looking and listening: Some features of the human eyes and ears.
11.17 Stop, Look, Listen Supermarket: We look behind the scenes at a supermarket.
11.19 History at Hand (Scotland/Grampian/Border)
The Grand Canals: The effect canals have had on the areas through which they pass.
ITV
5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News and Weather 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Let's Pretend 12.30 The Snllivans 1.00 ITN News 1.20 Anglia News and Weather 1.30 Film: Three Cases Of Murder 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 The Young Doctors 4.00 Mother Goose Stories 4.10 The Adventures Of Tintin 4.20 The Real Ghostbusters 4.45 Knightmare 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Survival 7.00 The Krypton Factor 7.30 Coronation Street 8.00 Never The Twain 8.30 World in Action 9.00 Game Set & Match 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia Late News and Weather 10.35 Living Off The Land 11.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H 12.30am 9 to 5 1.00 The Twilight Zone 1.15 Sportsworld Extra 2.00 The Fugitive 2.55 Pop Profile f/b News 3.10 Pick of the Week 3.40 60 Minutes 4.30 Night Beat
12.00noon Sesame Street
'
The Count counts telephone rings. Guest star is Bobby McFerrin, Today's letters are F and Z, and the number is 11.
12.30 to 1.00pm Business Daily SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's only daily business and financial TV news service for businessmen, City professionals and savers and spenders everywhere. Minute by minute, the FTSE 100 index and the £/$ rate come to the screen direct from City computers. There is a full headline news service of major company announcements and price movements, plus interviews with key business news-makers. With City editor Damian Green, industrial editor lain Carson and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson. STUDIO DIRECTORS LOUISE CAPELL, PATRICK HARPUR ASSISTANT EDITOR DAMIAN GREEN EDITOR ANDREW CLAYTON Business Television Production
C4
A toymaker shows how Toys with W heels are made, in today's 'Seeing and Doing' in 'Schools' at 9.47am ,
9.30am Schools 12noon Sesame Street 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Make It Count 1.30 Write On 2.00 Film: Rain 3.45 Years Ahead 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 The Late Late Show 6.00 Landshapes 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Comment f/b Weather 8.00 Brookside 8.30 Film: Reds 12.05am Network 7 , 2.05 Close
59
MONDAY 1 4 October Anglia
jim Henson Presents: Mother Goose Stories
It's one hour after midnight and the three mice are still awake. Their mother's left them to go looking for food. Miss May is played by Laura Goodwin. The puppeteers are Mak Wilson, Karen Prell, Mike Quinby and Angie Passmore.
1.30pm Monday Matinee THREE CASES OF MURDER Three macabre film mysteries: Two members of Parliament fight a 'duel of dreams'; two suitors are suspected when the girl they loved is killed; and a museum guide finds himself trapped inside a painting in his own gallery... Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 Lord Mountdrago Mountdrago Orson Welles Ow en Alan Badel Lady Mountdrago Helen Cherry Andre Morell Dr A udlin
Y ou K illed Elizabeth John Gregson Edgar Emrys Jones George Elizabeth Elizabeth Sellars Jack Lambert Map A cheson B arm an Alan Badel
In the Pictyre Mr X Jarvie Snyder W oman Rooke
Alan Bade! Hugh Pryse Eddie Byrne Lueen McGrath John Salew
SCREENPLAY IAN DALRYMPLE, SIDNEY CARROLL, DONALD WILSON, FROM STORIES BY W SOMERSET MAUGHAM, BRETT HALLIDAY, RODERICK WILKINSON DIRECTORS GEORGE MORE O'FERRALL, DAVID BADY, WENDY TOYE
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm The Young Doctors Dr Piper does some sleuthing. Dr Piper Bartholomew John Alfred Sandor Dr Shaw Lynda Stoner Kim Helen Gordon Lyn James
60
BOB HOLNESS The sixth series of Blockbusters continues with Bob Holness quizzing more contestants eager to make the Gold Run.
Norm feigns unconsciousness in a Dutch hospital for POWs.
and Weather
The Great Brandy from the Romantic Rhine
presented by MARK GRANGER
HICKORY DICKORY DOCK
1.20pm Anglia News
It could easily he argued that Ruedesheim is the gateway to that most beautiful part of the River Rhine with its vineyards and castles. What is beyond dispute is that it is the home of that most sought after German Brandy -Asbach Uralt. For it was here, around the turn of the century that Hugo Asbach founded his world-famous distillery. It takes five litres of the finest wines to produce one single bottle of Asbach Uralt What it also takes is the family skill in distilling; the maturing in Limousin oak barrels; and of course the blending, handed down through generations, to create this soft, mellow, golden brandy. The after dinner brandy that isn't just for after dinner. Discover it in discerning restaurants and off licences, or come and see us here in Ruedesheim from Monday to mid-day Friday for a tasting. For further information write to: Asbach & Co. Brandy Distillery, Am Rottland 2-10, D-6220 Rucdesheim-on-the-Rhinc, West Germany.
5.15pm Blockbusters
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV
BY DAVID ANGUS
DESIGNERS GORDON TOMS, MALCOLM STONE DIRECTOR BRIAN HENSON PRODUCER ROBERTA J KURTZ PRODUCTION EXECUTIVE PAUL STEWART LAING A Jim Henson Production in association with TSW
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin BLACK ISLAND: FUGITIVE Tintin continues his adventures on the mysterious Black Island. Previously shown on Channel Four
4.20pm The Real Ghostbusters THE LONG, LONG GOODBYE The Ghostbusters are called in to investigate when construction workers disturb a sleeping 'Black Shadow' who has been guarding stolen jewels.
ITN News at 5.45 ALASTAIR STEWART Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia Location reports by Charlie Lee-Potter and Rebecca Atherstone (Norwich), Greg Barnes (Cambridgeshire News Centre), Peter Lugg (Bedford), Owen Spencer-Thomas (Northampton), Surrey Beddows (Essex) and Lindsay Brooke (Suffolk). Plus a look at tomorrow's weather. EDITOR JIM WILSON DIRECTORS ALAN BURRELL, PETER TOWNLEY A nglia Television Production
6.30pm Survival ALL AT SEA Seabirds spend most of their time far from land, exploiting the biggest and richest habitat on earth — the open ocean. When they do come ashore, it is to breed, for a short period each year. Survival investigates how they choose their breeding areas, and what factors affect their success. Narrated by Anthony Valentine. EDITOR HOWARD MARSHALL FILMED BY SURVIVAL CAMERA TEAMS WRITER/PRODUCER MALCOLM PENNY A nglia Television Production
4.45pm Knightmare HUGO MYATT TV's award-winning adventure game. Treguard the Dungeon Master (Hugo Myatt) plays host in the computerised catacombs, while John Woodnutt (Merlin the Magician) hands out the rewards in terms of the odd useful spell. Hugo Myatt Treguard Merlin/Mogdred John Woodnutt Lillith/Mildread Mary Miller Folly the Jester Alec Westwood Cedric/Caspar Lawrence Werber Guy Standeven Troll Tom Karol Dwarf/Olaf Gretel the Maid Audrey Jenkinson Sir Gumboil Edmund Dehn DIRECTOR SALLY FREEMAN DEVISER/PRODUCER TIM CHILD A Broadsword Production for A nglia Television
22-28 October 1988 TV TIMES
etobt,-1 MONDAY in his own den. When Percy feels that Emily's privacy is being invaded, he goes into battle with a paint brush!
7.00pm The Krypton Factor GORDON BURNS The first Heat Final. Tonight's contestants are one step closer to becoming the Krypton super-person of 1988, but to achieve this they must join the navy and master the controls of the Sea Harrier jump jet. And there's a bit of Moonlighting', too, as Jessica Martin and Andrew O'Connor — looking not unlike Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis — test the heat finalists, and your powers of observation.
Oracle subtitles page 888 R ita Barbara Knox V era Duckworth Elizabeth Dawn Ivy Brennan Lynne Perrie Don Brennan Geoff Hinsliffe Gloria Todd Sue Jenkins A lec Gilroy Roy Barraclough Jack Duckworth William Tarmey Derek W ilton Peter Baldwin Mavis Riley Thelma Barlow Jenny Sally Ann Matthews Carole Irene Skillington A lan Bradley Mark Eden Deirdre Barlow Anne Kirkbride Emily Eileen Derbyshire Percy Sugden Bill Waddington Martin Platt Sean Wilson A lf Roberts Bryan Mosley Ken Barlow William Roache Sue Nicholls A udrey Bill Lund Milkman
Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR RICHARD SIGNY PRODUCER PATRICIA PEARSON Granada Television Production
7.30 to 8.00pm Coronation Street Jenny is blaming Rita for the outcome of recent sad events, then decides to beard a lion
WRITER BARRY HILL STORIES TOM ELLIOTT, DIANE CULVERHOUSE DESIGNER DAVID BUXTON DIRECTOR SPENCER CAMPBELL PRODUCER BILL PODMORE Granada Television Production
Sadie Thompson (roan Crawford) and Sgt O'Hara (W illiam Gargan) in 'Rain', based on Maugham's powerful parable: 2.00pm
1.00pm Make It Count The fourth programme in the series about dealing with numbers. Today, Fred Harris looks at adding and multiplication and ways to improve your calculating skills. Linked to an Open College course. For further information, write to C4 address 2, page 75, or phone (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 PRODUCER DAVID WILSON Y orkshire Television Production
1.30pm Write On 4: NOTE AND WRITE Writing is not a one-off exercise and this programme looks at how writers need to select their material. Linked to the Open College course 'The Writing Course', price £25 or £49.99. For information see above programme. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR IAN FELL PRODUCER DAVID WILSON Y orkshire Television Production
2.00pm Rain `The Real Ghostbusters' intend to make spirits' spirits sink at 4.20pm
A young knight errant receives timely advice from Master of the Dungeon Treguard (Hugo Myatt) in Ifnightmare', 4.45pm
A tramp steamer is forced to dock at a remote port in the Samoas after a disease breaks out on board. Among the passengers is a prostitute Sadie Thompson whose curves quickly attract the eyes of womenhungry soldiers on the island. Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 Joan Crawford Sadie Rev A lfred Davidson Walter Huston Sgt O'Hara William Gargan Joe Horn Guy Kibbee SCREENPLAY MAXWELL ANDERSON, FROM THE STORY BY W SOMERSET MAUGHAM DIRECTOR LEWIS MILESTONE
3.45pm Years Ahead The topical magazine programme for the over-60s, presented by Robert Dougall. This week, as Britain awaits publication of the Government's white paper on broadcasting, Y ears A head talks to
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Mary Whitehouse about her 25 years of campaigning against violence and sex on TV. Plus a look at a campaign by the Office of Fair Trading and the charity Help The Aged, designed to stop older people becoming the victims of doorstep criminals and con-men. Finally we survey some of the latest travel writing and talk to the veteran writer and walker, John Hillaby. For weekly factsheet write to C4 address 1, page 75. DIRECTOR COLIN FINNIE PRODUCER JOHN KELLEHER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STEVE CLARK-HALL Skyline Film and Television Production
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One WILLIAM G STEWART Of the 22 winners from the last series who have been back, five have won again, but only three with high enough scores to still be on the Finals Board. Two of them are Enid Crispin and Mal Collier joint top with 230 points. MUSIC DIRECTOR PAUL MAGUIRE PRODUCTION DESIGNER COLIN PIGOTT DIRECTORS ROYSTON MAYOR, SIMON PEARCE PRODUCER WILLIAM G STEWART Regent Productions
5.00pm The Late Late Show A mixture of the reverent and irrelevant, of music and chat, hosted by Gay Byrne. RTE/Roberts W ykeham Productions
6.00pm NEW Landshapes
7.50pm Comment
TIM PREECE 1: IN SEARCH OF THE STIPERSTONES Presenter Tim Preece revisits his childhood haunts in Shropshire at the start of this sevenpart series telling the story of our landscape. Filmed from the air, with helicopter pilot Jerry Grayson, throughout the UK, the series shows the building-blocks the landscapes are made of, and the processes that have shaped them. This programme tells how the landscape is not fixed, but constantly changes: in sudden catastrophes, as well as in processes taking hundreds of millions of years like those that have destroyed mountains as big as the Himalayas, to leave the tors of Dartmoor as their only remains. Music by John Keane. For study guide send large sae to address 1, page 75.
A guest speaker gives a personal view on a current issue. Anyone with something thought-provoking to say can appear on Comment. For full details write to Comment, Channel 4, 80 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2AX. followed by
Oracle subtitles page 888 CAMERA CHRIS COX FILM EDITOR AMANDA SMITH PRODUCER TIM FELL Landmark Productions
7.00pm Channel 4 News Presented by Peter Sissons. Oracle subtitles page 888 Oracle News Summary page 401, Oracle City Headlines page SOO, both throughout the week. DIRECTORS LORRAINE JACKSON, ANDREW PETLEY EDITOR RICHARD TAIT ITN Production
Weather 8.00 to 8.30pm Brookside Another visit to the Merseyside housing estate. Today important decisions are made in some quarters whilst elsewhere there are problems, but also romance. Oracle subtitles page 888 A nnabelle Collins Doreen Sloane Paul Collins Jim Wiggins Billy Corkhill John McArdle Rod Corkhill Jason Hope Ralph Hardwick Ray Dunbobbin Terry Sullivan Brian Regan Sheila Grant Sue Johnston Chrissy Roger Eithne Browne Frank Rogers Peter Christian Sammy Rogers Rachael Lindsay Mrs A dams Lesley Daine Cheryl Boyanowsky Jennifer Calvert Kirsty Brown Joanne Black Pc Chalkley Cohn Fay Gordon Collins Mark Burgess Annie Miles Sue Harper Noreen Kershaw Kathy John O'Gorman Tommo WRITER JOHN OAKDEN DESIGNER CAROL SHEERAN DIRECTOR ROB ROHRER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PHIL REDMOND Mersey Television Production
61
When it comes to feeding their pets, most people assume that dogs and cats have similar nutritional needs. However, from a nutritional standpoint, one of these animals is a true carnivore; the other is an omnivore.
Which is which? In the simplest terms cats must have meat in their diet because their bodies cannot derive everything they need from vegetable matter. Therefore, the cat is the true carnivore.
A special animal, a special diet. Cats have much more stringent dietary requirements than dogs and other mammals. They require more protein than dogs, for example. And they need to ingest specific animal tissue such as liver and kidney in order to fulfil their need for vitamin A, taurine (for keen eyesight) and essential fatty acids. 速 Whiskas is a registered trademark to designate food for cats
With Whiskas your cat gets much more than the taste he prefers. At the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition Whiskas recipes are tested to ensure that they meet a cat's unique nutritional needs. This special complete and balanced diet guarantees that Whiskas cats are healthy cats.
Your cat can tell the difference. No matter how much we know about cat nutrition, if your cat doesn't like the taste of his food, he won't eat it. And he won't get the nutrition he needs. That's why Whiskas maintains the highest standards for palatability.
Happy cats make happy owners. It's no surprise that a cat that's fed a variety of Whiskas every day will also be a happy cat. And Whiskas know that happy cats make happy owners.
THE MOST PREFERRED CATFOOD. Pedigree Pettoods 1988
14
AoREIRIlk,
C
of MONDAY independence. However, John follows her and together they cover the biggest story of all — the workers' revolution in Russia... See page 14 and film guide, beginning page 42
Anglia 8.00pm
8.30pm Reds
Never the Twain
WARREN BEATTY DIANE KEATON JACK NICHOLSON GENE HACKMAN An epic film about the love story of renowned journalist and radical John Reed and an aspiring writer, Louise Bryant, set against the turmoil of 1915 America. Intrigued by John's offer to join the artistic and political radicals of New York's Greenwich Village, Louise leaves her husband to go and live with him. Surrounded by many famous intellectuals, Louise has an affair with playwright Eugene O'Neill while John is away. This prompts John to marry her, but soon after America's entrance into the war, Louise flees to France to try and establish her
BY JOHNNIE MORTIMER
DONALD SINDEN WINDSOR DAVIES Tacy Kneale Christopher Morris GRANDFATHERSIN-LAW A new series about the feuding antique dealers. They finally find they have something in common... a grandson. Simon Peel Donald Sinden Oliver Windsor Davies Lyn Peel Tacy Kneale David Christopher Morris Doctor Gordon Peters Baby Martin Ian Finnis DESIGNER JAN CHANEY PRODUCER ANTHONY PARKER DIRECTOR DOUGLAS ARGENT Thames Television Production
8.30pm World in Action A report from the award-winning team. PRODUCERS STEPHEN CLARKE, IAN McBRIDE, DAVID MILLS, LAURIE FLYNN, DEBBIE CHRISTIE, CHARLES TREMAYNE, VYVIAN SIMSON, BRIAN BLAKE, STEPHEN BOULTON, DON JORDAN EDITOR STUART PREBBLE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER RAY FITZWALTER Granada Television Production
9.00pm Game, Set & Match BY LEN DEIGHTON ADAPTED BY JOHN HOWLETT
IAN HOLM MEL MARTIN MICHAEL DEGEN GOTTFRIED JOHN MICHAEL CULVER FREDERICK TREVES ANTHONY BATE The mole, Giles Trent, has been mysteriously shot in London... Oracle subtitles page 888 Bernard Samson Ian Holm V OPO Stefan Gossler Rolf Michael Mellinger Fiona Samson Mel Martin Billy Samson Jamie Valder W alter Dieter Kirchlechner Dicky Michael Culver W erner Michael Degen Julian John Wheatley Sally Kirsten Valder Nanny Linda Broughton Mrs Samson Linden Travers Erich Stinnes Gottfried John Pavel Alexei Jawdokimov Frau V on Munte Petra Peters-Lieven Frank Frederick Treves Chlestakov Seva Novgorodsev
Simon (Donald Sinden) and Oliver (W indsor Davies). Is it still true that the Twain' shall Inapt without
an exchange of insults? See at 8.00pm Tarrant Bret Doris
Shaun Lawton Anthony Bate Barbara Thorn Baz Barker Fletcher Musicians David David Francis Richard Muncy DESIGNERS CHRIS TRUELOVE DIRECTOR KEN GRIEVE ASSOCIATE PRODUCER MILLY PREECE PRODUCER BRIAN ARMSTRONG Granada Television Production
10.00pm News at Ten
12.30am 9 to 5
2.55am Pop Profile
THE INTERNS High school intern Rhonda joins Barkley Foods to study under Bud and is soon after Russ's job.
GEORGE HARRISON — MAKING RECORDS AGAIN After all his problems the ex-Beatle has a right to feel fed up with the music business. So what brought him back into the studio again? followed by ITN News Headlines
Marsha Sally Struthers Judy Valerie Curtin Doralee Rachel Dennison Russ Peter Evans
See page 27
1.00am The Twilight Zone
10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather
EXAMINATION DAY Young Dickie Jordan's birthday wish — to do well in his examinations — makes his parents uneasy.
10.35pm Living Off The Land Britain's farmers have a new surplus problem — a surplus of land. Some experts estimate that by the year 2000 ten million acres, an area twice the size of Wales, will not be needed for food production. Butterfly houses and deer farming, golf courses and leisure parks are the new farm enterprises while, especially in the South East, many farmers have simply cashed in on the development boom. The narrator is John Hedges.
Richard Christopher Allpost R uth Elizabeth Normant Dickie David Mendenhall
1.15am Sportsworld Extra Tony Francis introduces top class sporting action from around the world, including highlights of the weekend's European football. followed by ITN News Headlines
2.00am The Fugitive
11.35pm Prisoner: Cell Block H
NEVER WAVE GOODBYE: 2 Kimble realises he has left an identifiable match where Lt Gerard can find it. In desperation he attempts a daring plan that can give him permanent freedom.
Emergency surgery is set up in the prison hospital.
Kimble Karen Lt Gerard Eric
FILM EDITOR RICHARD KENNAN ASSOCIATE PRODUCER RICHARD FOXTON PRODUCER WILLIAM SMITH
TVT1MES 22-28 October 1988
David Janssen Susan Oliver Barry Morse Robert Duvall
3.10am Pick of The Week
•••••••••
John Reed Warren Beatty Louise Bryant Diane Keaton Eugene O'Neill Jack Nicholson Emma Goldman Maureen Stapleton Pete V an W herry Gene Hackman Louis Fraina Paul Sorvino Speaker at Liberal Club M Emmet Walsh Mr Partlow Ian Wolfe Mrs Partlow Bessie Love Police chief Ramon Bieri Pinkerton guard Jack O'Leary Julius Gerber William Daniels A llan Benson Dave King Joe V olski Joseph Buloff SCREENPLAY WARREN BEATTY, TREVOR GRIFFITHS DIRECTOR WARREN BEATTY
12.05 to 2.05am Network 7 Yesterday's last edition of the 100mph show. Last secrets are revealed in Room 113. Celebrity Sam brings the Hollywood hot news, there's another True or False? hard news stories and lots, lots more...
MOWN.
This week's guest presenter selects the best bits from all ITV's regional programmes. Funny bits, odd bits, even sad bits. They're bits you'll have missed unless you were in the right region at the right time, but you'll be glad you stayed up late for them. And each week, too, there are Pick of The W eek sweatshirts on offer in the phone-in competition. RESEARCH LINDA BARKER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHRIS MEEHAN PRODUCERS DAVE BEHRENS, GLYNN BRAILSFORD Y orkshire Television Production
3.40am 60 Minutes From America, correspondents Mike Wallace, Morley Safer, Harry Reasoner, Ed Bradley and Diane Sawyer bring you interviews, incisive investigations and illuminating features.
4.30 to 5.00am Night Beat THE UK TOP 10 A lively programme giving a rundown of what's happening in the UK charts.
Tempestuous lovers: John Reed (W arren Beatty) and Louise Bryant (Diane K eaton) in 'Reds' at 8.30pm
They all go rather well together, don't they? And they not only carry the same eye-catching motif, they carry the same 2-year guarantee.
505 MICROWAVE OVEN. 500 watt with turntable. 5 power levels including defrost. ÂŁ119.99.
AUTOMATIC CORDLESS JUG KETTLE. £22.95.
SINGLE SLOT TOASTER.
Takes any thickness. Frozen bread setting. £19.95.
COFFEE MAKER. 8 cup capacity. Re-usable mesh filter. Hot plate. £19.95.
FOOD PROCESSOR. 2 speeds. Pulse action. Chops, slices, shreds and mixes. £52.95.
ELECTRIC KNIFE. Detachable stainless steel blades. Safety lock. £9.95.
A better buy® AVAILABLE FROM LARGER BOOTS STORES ONLY PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO STOCK AVAILABILITY PRICES CORRECT AT TIME OF GOING TO PRESS
Q . 'W hat is a Homeowners Loan Plan?'
A. Quite simply, it's a loan secured by a
mortgage on your property.
Q . 'W ho am I really borrowing from?'
A. From Lloyds Bowmaker, a longestablished reputable company. A subsidiary of Lloyds Bank.
Q
. 'How much can I borrow?'
A. From £5,000 to £30,000 or more.
Q . 'Can I afford the loan?'
A. You should only borrow what you can
thing we can to help you. We suggest you insure your monthly repayments against loss of income, with our Payment Protection Plan. It costs very little, yet it is one of the most sensible ways of protecting yourself against life's uncertainties.
Q 'W hat happens if interest rates go up?' A. The rate at which you take out your loan - currently 17.4% APR (and even lower for loans above £15,000) will be held until 1st January 1990. After that date, the rate may be altered by us.
comfortably afford to repay. We certainly won't encourage you to borrow more than that. But remember, by spreading your 1 repayments over a longer period, you TomoscargigiNF' could limit your monthly outgoings. This, of course, should leave you with some &..eagralr-m-=''''''" welcome extra cash at the end of each month. EXAMPLES OF REPAYMENTS AT 17.4% APR
ANTELT)
RArE GUAR_ _ 990 , 1st JAN
Q. 'How long caul take to repay?'
FIXED UNTIL 1st JANUARY 1990
A.
You can take anything from 5 years to 15 years. And remember, you can reduce your monthly repayments by spreading your loan over a longer period. I'm suddenly unable to Q . 'Suppose make my repayments?'
A. If this should happen we will do every-
F
210.95
185.33
Example: Borrow £10,000 over 5 years, your monthly repayments will be only E244.24 and the total repayment £14,654.40.
finances by paying off existing commitments such as storecard bills and loan agreements at the same time. Make a major purchase, improve your home. In fact, any sensible purpose.
Q . 'A re there any hiddenfees or costs?'
A. None whatsoever. No legal fees. No
surveyor's costs. And life insurance is normally included at no extra cost. (You know exactly where you are with us). can I get affixed Q . 'How repayment low?'
A
Call us free on 0800 373911 or fill in the. application form and send it to: Lloyds Bowmaker (DL), Finance House, FREEPOST, Bournemouth, BH13TQ.
Special Help Desk 9a.m.-9p.m. Today
ciaz Freephone
LO 0800 373911
(Offer applies to U.K. mainland only). Full details of Payment Protection Plan including eligibility criteria and exclusions will be provided. If you apply now, your interest rate will be fixed at 17.4% APR until lstJanuary 1990. After that date, the rate may be altered by us. However, this offer will only be available for a limited period.
YOUR MORTGAGE
Amount of Mortgage outstanding £ Name and address of Building Society
EMPLOYER'S NAME AND ADDRESS Roll No
Forename(s) (Eve) STD
Partner Self Annual Income £ Please state if self-employed years Number of
Monthly repayment £ Name and address of Second Mortgagee
Occupation Number of Years Service PLEASE ENCLOSE MOST RECENT PAY SLIPS FOR EACH APPLICANT
Date of birth
YOUR PROPERTY Address of property offered as security
Amount of Mortgage outstanding £ Please tick if you are interested in payment protection insurance cover Yourself ❑ Self and Partner ❑
I/We do/do not occupy premises
To Lloyds Bowmaker pale confirm that all information shown above is accurate and agree that it shall form the basisof any loan agreement. liWe authorise you to release the information above to any Third Party as may be required in t hecourseof yourbusinessorforthe compilation of general credit reference information. It We authorise you to take up any references you require including information from our existing mortgagee( s). I/We hereby authorise you or your agents to inspect the register of our title at H. M. Land Registry.
Date property purchased Price paid for property £
Signed Signed (Partner)
Estimated value £ Occupation Number of Years Service
A. Entirely up to you. Re-organise your
YOUR PARTNER Forename(s) Annual Income £
YOURSELF Surname Tel. No. (Day) STD
Amount of Loan £
60 MONTHS 90 MONTHS 120 MONTHS 180 MONTHS
Q . 'W hat can I use the loanfor?'
Discount YES/NO Amount
Lloyds Bowmaker
Date
Our furry friend Bungle has to concentrate on more than his book when he tries to pick some out-of-reach apples in Rainbow'
TUESDAY O O
DIRECTOR ALAN RODMAN PRODUCER HOWARD ANDERSON 17W Production
9.30am Schools
Half-term repeat of last week's programmes.
DAVID CASS See page 94
9.35 Start the Day What I'd like to be: Jobs children would like to do, and who they'd like to be.
6.00 TV-am
The Morning
(Ulster only)
Programme Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. Keep up to date with the latest news from Gordon Honeycombe, sports bulletins and Money Matters.
Birds of a feather: The three main groups of wildfowl: swans, geese and ducks.
9.47 Talk, Write and Read Old Mrs Stanton: Children's fears and fantasies about a strange house and an old lady.
7.00 Good Morning Britain Anne Diamond and Mike Morris discuss the issues of the day with a variety of studio guests. Plus, halfhourly news bulletins and weather, plus Gyles Brandreth's 'postbag'. 9.00 Wacaday
10.04 Middle English the family. Phone us on air on 051-555 1000. Special features this morning include: 11.00 to 11.10 The Woolstrand
Presented by Timmy Mallett. Tune in to Timmy for 25 minutes of fun, games and competitions.
Tips, patterns and discussion on all aspects
9.25am Runway
A parents' guide to teaching babies and young children to swim.
RICHARD MADELEY Get away from all the doom and gloom of the news and start your day by switching on to Runway. If after watching the show, you feel that you, too, could be a contestant, then please apply on a postcard to: Runway Contestants, Action Time, PO Box 121, Manchester M60 1EX. You could soon see what it's like to be on the other side of the screen!
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. Give yourself a break and join Judy and Richard live from Liverpool tomorrow morning for more features and helpful advice.
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Presenter Mike Scott travels the country to discuss the issues in the news.
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY A new way to spend your mornings, the magazine show that takes a live and lively look at the home and
interviews, sound coverage of the proceedings of the House of Commons and television coverage of the House of Lords. Reporter is Nicholas Woolley.
of knitting. 11.45 to 11.55 Water babies
12.10pm Rainbow PROBLEM SOLVING TOGETHER Appearing are Geoffrey Hayes, Stanley Bates, Jane Tucker, Rod Burton, Freddy Marks, Roy Skelton and guest John Styles. There are lots of apples on the tree in the Rainbow garden and Geoffrey, Bungle, Zippy and George are going to have one each, but the apples are too high to reach. So how will they get them down? Everyone has an idea, and in the end they solve the problem together. Puppeteers are Ronnie Le Drew and Malcolm Lord. WRITER ROY SKELTON RESEARCH PETER BAILEY DIRECTOR ANDREW THOMAS PRODUCER LESLEY BURGESS EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHARLES WARREN Thames Television Production
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
12.30pm The Sullivans
Nina Bawd en discusses how she includes her own experiences in her writing.
Walter and Tom execute a daring rescue attempt to save Norm's life; Dr Donovan appears at the Sullivan's.
10.21 The German Programme
For cast, see Monday
Partner TV 2: A magazine programme for those learning German. Programme 10 includes: Einkaufen, Der Flohmarkt, Handeln, Klaus and Uli 5.
10.43 History in Action
ITN News at One ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 1.30 to 3.25 Film - High Tide at Noon. Reminiscences on a desert island with Betta St John and William Sylvester; 11.35 Film Short Walk to Daylight. Earthquake leads to terror on the New York Subway, stars James Brolin; 1.00 Donahue; 2.00 Film - The Spirit of the Beehive. Two young sisters become obsessed with Frankenstein, Spanish film with English subtitles; 4.00 to 5.00am Superstars Wrestling. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 1.30 to 3.25 Film - Hostile Witness. Thriller starring Ray Milland and Sylvia Sims; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 to 6.30 Central News; 7.30 to 8.00 Venture; 11.25 Fight Night; 12.30 Film - The Manitou. Supernatural thriller starring Tony Curtis; 2.30 America's Top 10; 3.00 Space; 4.00 Vietnam; 4.25 to 5.00 Central Jobfinder. TVS 1.30 to 3.25 Film - My Teenage Daughter. Anna Neagle has problems as the mother of two girls, one of whom has a boyfriend she disapproves of; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 to 6.20 Coast to Coast; 11.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.20 Donahue; 1.25 to 3.00 Film - Cattle Queen of Montana. Western starring Barbara Stanwyck as a pioneer in struggle to keep her late father's land; 3.05 Night Beat: Off the Wall; 4.05 About Britain; 4.30 to 5.00am The Human Factor. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to I.00pm Young Doctors; 1.30 The Autumn Garden; 2.00 Highway to Heaven; 2.55 The Doctor; 3.00 to 3.25 Who's the Boss?; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 to 6.30 Calendar; 11.25 Fight Night; 12.30 News, Scene of the Crime; 2.00 News, The Concert; 3.00 Three's Company; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
Lifeline of the Empire: (Contemporary A ccount) `Police action' or 'Active aggression'? - Britain and the world divided over the Suez Canal crisis.
11.05 Seeing and Doing Toys with Wheels: Repeat of Monday's programme.
11.22 Science - Start Here! Colour: A look at the importance of light and colour in our lives.
11.22 Looking Forward (W ales only)
Clearing Up: How can we undo the harm done to the environment and the quality of our lives by The Industrial Revolution?
11.39 How We Used To Live Easter Holiday: The beginning of CND, and families on holiday.
11.39 Standard Grade Miscellany (Scotland/Grampian/Border)
Cait a bheil na h-eileanaich? (Where are the islanders?): A stimulus for native Gaelic speakers through the written, and spoken word.
12.00noon The Parliament Programme GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART Television's only programme providing up-to-the-minute coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament on a daily basis - with live
5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Rainbow 12.30 The Sullivans 1.00 ITN News 1.20 Anglia News 1.30 Film: The Thief Of Baghdad 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 The Young Doctors 4.00 Tickle on the Tum 4.10 The Adventures of Tintin 420 The Sooty Show 4.45 Count Duckula 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Prove It 7.00 Strike It Lucky 7.30 Rising Damp 8.00 The Bill 8.30 Return of Shelley 9.00 Viewpoint '88 Special 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia News 10.35 Viewpoint '88 Special 11.35 Film: Christine 1.25am At. The Maintenance Shop f/b News 2.00 Ainerica's Top 10 2.30 Throb f/b News 3.00 Quiz Night 3.30 The Outsiders 4.30 Farming Diary
12.30pm Business Daily SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's only daily business and financial TV news service. The FTSE 100 index and the ÂŁ/$ rate come to the screen direct from City computers and there is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the morning. With commentary from industrial editor lain Carson, City editor Damian Green and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
1.00pm Tourism: The Welcome Business 4: DEALING WITH VISITORS If customers can be a problem individually, how can large groups of them be coped with. Linked to the Open College course 'Tourism: The Welcome Business'. For further information, write to C4, address 2, page 75, or phone (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 WRITER ANDREW BARKER DIRECTOR TONY SUTCLIFFE PRODUCER NICK FREETHY V ideotel Production
C4 i"
1.30 to 2.00pm Catering With Care 4: PEST CONTROL The Open College series focusing on the catering industry. Flies, mice, rats and cockroaches are never far away from kitchens. Birds and cats can be closer still. Sensible waste disposal is vital to the control of pests. With Jonathan Powell, Tom Karol and John Bleasdale. Linked to the Open College course 'Focus on Clean Food' price ÂŁ49.95. For further information write to C4 address 2, page 75, or phone (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 WRITER PETER TAYLOR DIRECTOR JEFF DOWSON PRODUCER NICK FREETHY V ideotel Production
9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Tourism: The Welcome Business 1.30 Catering With Care 2.00 Film: The Gaucho 3.35 Magoo's Young Manhood 3.40 The Oprah Winfrey Show 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 American Football 6.00 The Cosby Show 6.30 Design Matters: Cities With A Future? 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Comment f/b Weather 8.00 The Divided Kingdom 8.30 4 What It's Worth 9.00 The Other Europe 10.00 St Elsewhere 11.00 The New Statesman 11.30 American Football 12.30am Baseball 1.30 Beats of the Heart 2.25 Close .
67
GEORDIE ONE IS OP PREMIUM BITT Y UARTER OF TH F THE EQUIPM ND TWICE THE FLAVOUR.
can now make 30 pints of e very best English bitter at home with no fuss and in next to no time at all. Can this be true? Yes. It's the taste that's unbelievable. Instructions 1.Dissolve contents and 3/4 -bag of sugar in pressure barrel. 2.Add the hops and genuine brewers yeast provided. Wait 21 days. 3. Drink 4. Er, .... ttat's it .... NEW GEORDIE ONE STE SO SIMPLE. SO GOOD.
GtORDIE
TUESDAY
2 Anglia 1.20pm Anglia News and Weather
this time with a load of pantomime scenery. It wasn't his fault that the old scenery had fallen down and he really didn't know that the paint pot had been full. But if you want to make a crisis out of a drama, Barney Bodger's your man! Dexter's assistant is John Eccleston. Script by Charlie Moritz. Drawings by Valerie Pye. DESIGNER NICK KING EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT PRODUCER MARTYN DAY DIRECTOR RICHARD SIGNY Granada Television Production
1.30pm Tuesday Matinee RODDY McDOWALL PETER USTINOV THE THIEF OF BAGHDAD
Handsome young Prince Taj is robbed of his worldly goods while travelling to Baghdad, but he refuses to be robbed of what he cherishes most: the beautiful Princess Yasmine. The Caliph, Yasmine's father, offers her hand in marriage to the man who can bring her 'the most valuable thing in the world'. For help, Taj turns to a wily thief named Hasan and they embark on a great adventure aboard their magical flying carpet. lb
See film guide, beginning page 42 Roddy McDowall Hasan The Caliph Peter Ustinov The W azir Terence Stamp Prince Taj Kabir Bedi A bu Bakar Frank Finlay Perizadah Marina Vlady Y asmine Pavla Ustinov Gatekeeper Ian Holm SCREENPLAY A J CAROTHERS DIRECTOR CLIVE DONNER
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm The Young Doctors
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin BLACK ISLAND: INTRIGUE
Tin Tin continues his adventures on the mysterious Black Island. Previously shown on Channel Four
4.20pm The Sooty Show MATTHEW CORBETT CUDDLY TOYS
When Sweep and Sooty ruin Soo's bean bag, all is not well in the Sooty household. Matthew comes to the rescue with his do-it-yourself manual when he makes a cuddly toy machine. However, Sooty isn't so keen when Soo has the idea of making some toy Sootys. Things go very wrong and they all have to rely on the real Sooty and his magic to sort things out. Puppeteers are Judy Palmer, Peter Saxon and Richard Lockwood. Soo's voice, Brenda Longman. WRITER DANNY McCARTHY DIRECTOR STAN WOODWARD PRODUCER CHARLES WARREN Thames Television Production
Drama with the doctors and nurses at the Albert Memorial hospital. A cheque bounces; and an engagement is announced.
4.45pm Count Duckula
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
Tickle on the Turn -
JACQUELINE REDDIN DEXTER THE CAT and TIM HEALY BARNEY BUILDS THE SCENERY BY DORIS M DAY
You'd better lock-up the tool shed and hide the paint because Bodger's back - and
DOWN UNDER DUCKULA
Bill Platypus goes walkabout and Count Duckula goes flyabout in the Australian outback. Animation directors are Carlos Alfonso and Juan R Pina.
5.15pm Blockbusters
7.30pm Rising Damp
BOB HOLNESS More teenagers line up to race either up and down or across the Blockbusters board and hopefully go on to the Gold Run trail and win exciting prizes.
BY ERIC CHAPPELL
ITN News at 5.45 ALASTAIR STEWART Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia HELEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES News, views and features on the serious and lighter sides of life in the East of England. The newscaster is Helen McDermott..
6.30pm Prove It CHRIS TARRANT Chris Tarrant introduces another selection of extraordinary people who claim to have something to prove. Tonight, among those who have said: 'You'll never guess what I can do!' Chris meets a kebab creator, some appetising skirts, a man with a beard, and a peculiar plate-spinner. DIRECTORS MARTIN SCOTT, JOHN GORMAN PRODUCERS DANNY GREENSTONE, RICHARD HEARSEY TV S Production
7.00pm Strike It Lucky MICHAEL BARRYMORE The top-rating quiz game that combines modern technology with a lot of oldfashioned fun now has a jackpot of £3000. As always, the unique Michael Barrymore is in charge. RESEARCH JOANNA STEWART, SHEILA DUANE ASSOCIATE PRODUCER JOHN GRAHAM PRODUCER MAURICE LEONARD DIRECTOR BRIAN PENDERS Thames Television Production
LEONARD ROSSITER RICHARD BECKINSALE FRANCES DE LA TOUR DON WARRINGTON
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
PHYSICIAN OF THE YEAR Theo accepts the prestigious Physician of the Year award on behalf of his Dad.
MOONLIGHT AND ROSES
Another episode from the popular Seventies sitcom about landlord Rigsby, and his tenants. When told there's a new man in Ruth's life, Rigsby quickly decides to tell her of his own feelings. But he arrives too late, she is otherwise engaged. Rigsby Leonard Rossiter Richard Beckinsale A lan Ruth Frances de la Tour Philip Don Warrington Desmond_ Robin Parkinson Brenda Gay Rose DESIGNER COLIN PIGOTT DIRECTOR/PRODUCER RONNIE BAXTER Y orkshire Television Production
8.00 to 8.30pm The Bill HERE WE GO LOOPY LOU BY JULIAN JONES
More danger and excitement in the life of crime in another episode from Sun Hill police station. Cryer, Edwards and Brind investigate reports of a man wearing a flowing white robe. Under closer inspection, they become involved in a dangerous game of hide-and-seek. See page 116 Oracle subtitles page 888 Pc Edwards . Colin Blumenau Sgt Cryer Eric Richard W pc Brind Kelly Lawrence Forem an Phil Horsley Poodle owner Marcia Ashton McGregor Kevin McMonagle Skip driver Ricky Garrett W orried woman V ioletta Y oung woman Juliette Grassby Pc Stamp Graham Cole W orkman Terry Duran Nurse Race Davies Porter Vince Rayner Doctor Mellan Mitchell SERIES ADVISER GEOFF McQUEEN DESIGNERS ROBIN PARKER, COLIN ANDREWS EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PETER CREGEEN PRODUCER MICHAEL FERGUSON DIRECTOR BRIAN FARNHAM Thames Television Production
2.00pm The Gaucho A little girl falls from a ledge into a canyon and appears to have died. But an ethereal force rejuvenates her. In black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 The Gaucho Douglas Fairbanks The Mountain Girl Lupe Velez The Girl of the Shrine Geraine Greear Girl of the Shrine, as a child Eve Southern Ruiz Gustav von Seyffertitz Ruin's lieutenant Michael Vavitch Gaucho's lieutenant Charles Stevens The padre Nigel de Brulier Black Doom victim Albert MacQuarrie Lady of the Shrine Mary Pickford SCREENPLAY LOTTA WOODS, FROM A STORY BY ELTON THOMAS (DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS) DIRECTOR DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS
`The Adventures of Tintin' take him to Black Island. Follow - if you dare
Oracle subtitles page 888 Cliff Bill Cosby Clair Phylicia Ayers-Allen Denise Lisa Bonet Theodore Malcolm-Jamal Warner V anessa Tempestt Bledsoe Rudy Keshia Knight Pulliam
6.30pm Design Matters: Cities With A Future? 2: GLASGOW 'Glasgow's Miles Better' says the slogan, and this can be seen in the way old Victorian warehouses have been converted into flats; tenements now glow in their red and yellow stone; and radical patterns of tenure and management are affecting even the most notorious estates. And design is playing an increasing part in the rehabilitation of industry. Series consultant Ken Baynes. For series booklet, send £1.50 to C4 address 1, page 75.
3.35pm Magoo's Young Manhood
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER NANCY THOMAS PRODUCER/DIRECTOR CHARLES MAPLESTON Malachite Production
Magoo happily reminisces about his college-boy dates with the famous actress Lilly Larrabee.
7.00pm Channel 4 News
3.40pm The Oprah Winfrey Show
7.50pm Comment
Oprah Winfrey hosts the top-rated US chat show that discusses all the questions you would never dare to ask.
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One More contestants join the semi circle.
5.00pm American Football
Count Duckula David Jason Igor Jack May Nanny Brian Trueman Doctor V on Goosewing Jimmy Hibbert A dditional voices Ruby Wax DIRECTOR CHRIS RANDALL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JOHN HAMBLEY PRODUCERS MARK HALL, BRIAN COSGROVE Thames Television Production
6.00pm The Cosby Show
The big games this week are Houston at Cincinnati, the Los Angeles Raiders at New Orleans and San Francisco at Chicago. Join Mick Luckhurst for all the weekend's news from the National Football League. Repeated later tonight at 11.30.
Oracle subtitles page 888
Another personal view. followed by
Weather 8.00 to 8.30pm The Divided Kingdom 2: THE NORTH IDENTITY IN DOUBT Is the break-up of Britain into its constituent nations and regions, becoming more likely as the 21st century approaches? Kim Howells, from Wales, describes the North/South divide within England, and queries where the North begins. He ends up in Geordieland. Beatrix Campbell, from the North, responds. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR COLIN THOMAS PRODUCER JOHN OSMOND HTV Production
69
SAA.We measure the miles by your smiles. Fly SAA, the No. 1 choice. As specialists on the route, SAA offers excellent in-flight comfort and service and the biggest choice of non- stop flights. Flying SAA entitles you to valuable discounts on hotel accommodation, car hire and our unique `See South Africa' fare.
BUT YOU CAN HELP HER TO LIVE WITH IT
Post the coupon or see your Travel Agent for details.
• 1),- ///4_
SHE CAN'T RUN AWAY FROM CANCER.
- -
SINSISMINI
dji
A sofa you can sit on forever at a lid• II it nf s r 21 days. HENLEY Tremovable. Available in Cold. Brown, Green or Sky.
he frame is upholstered with calico and the outer cotton print covers are fully
Everyone seems to be aware of the physical effects of cancer. It's just the emotional consequences of the disease that are all too often overlooked. But not by Cancer Relief. Our Macmillan nurses are trained to relieve not only the pain caused by the disease, but also the anguish and uncertainty that the patients „and their families have to-live through. Our nurses can, in essence, help
them to regain their confidence and give them the hope of leading an active, normal family life again. We think every cancer patient deserves this kind of hope. But we need your help to make sure they get it. Please send your donations to Sir Hugh DundasC.B.E.,D.S.O.,1).EC.,111..,ROOM TV7 , Cancer Relief Macmillan Fund, 15/19 Britten Street, London SW3 3TZ. Telephone: 01-351 7811.
LEADING THE WAY IN CANCER CARE. Macmillan Fund Registered as the National Society for Cancer Relief Regd.No. 261917
!SEC TH.4
RACtilOPS°: IV ARE/A A A Ar sts g S I/rioN Gofty oR
tE
20 kic ER um, PRI OLIN TI NI QER'S BLLIA NTLY SUCCESS%
£449
11.4. C ZitCr te SHORTLY COMMENCING ITS 5th YEAR OF GROUP OWNERSHIP FULL CIRCLE WAS THE FIRST AND HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE BEST THE ENTERPRISE IS HAVING A MARVELLOUSLY EXCITING TIME WITH
36 WINNERS SO FAR THIS YEAR AGAIN 3rd IN THE BRITISH OWNERS LIST FOR RACES WON OVER 200 OF THE 400 RUNNERS HAVE EITHER WON OR BEEN PLACED - FANTASTIC!
K IR K DA L E LUXURIOUS UPHOLSTERY AT DIRECT-TO-YOU PRICES
THE PRINCIPAL AIMS OF THE ENTERPRISE ARE TO WIN RACES BOTH ON THE FLAT AND OVER JUMPS AND TO GIVE CORRECT ADVICE AND VALUABLE INFORMATION TO ALL CONCERNED. IT COSTS APPROXIMATELY £1 A DAY
(PAYABLE HALF YEARLY) TO BE A SHAREHOLDER only one If you saw this furniture in a shop it would Our 24 page free colour brochure features a share is allowed per person. probably cost you at least twice as much. Quite huge collection of top quality designs and simply shop overheads and profit margins push fabrics. If you have any further queries please prices way up. At Kirkdale, therefore. we only feel free to discuss them with our sales office • HAVE A RUNNER IN THE Grand National MONANORE WAS 3rd THIS YEAR. supply furniture direct, saving you literally over the telephone. Send for the brochure now, hundreds of pounds. What's more Kirkdale and see for yourself how only Kirkdale can • THE WELL KNOWN BLUE AND RED COLOURS CAN BE YOUR COLOURS. furniture is made to last, and comes with a full ly UNEQUA LLED FURNITURE AT two year guarantee against any defect of supp ELIE VAB LEPR IC ES UNB DON'T MISS OUT materials and workmanship. For example, all Please send me your free colour brochure Kirkdale furniture incorporates Serpentine WRITE OR PHONE FOR A BROCHURE TO FULL CIRCLE Sprungedged springs so there are no hard edges and fabric samples. (Please allow 7 days and the solid wood frame is constructed to for delivery). WOODLAND STABLES withstand the toughest treatment. Paying is Name straightforward — we ask you to send 20% with 065 LANGTOPd TEL: 385 512 your order, and pay the balance when we deliver Address MALTON to your home about 6 weeks later. You can settle down with your furniture for N. YORKS. 21 days before deciding to keep it, ar return it to T V 171 9 flOPOStcode us for a full refund. run nonce does not consume ai....eanon to raeCnase Oases. wh n rn votli be made solely on IM1e0a.vs or The terns set 0. in our prospectus"
Kirkdale Mail Order Ltd., Gwalia Works, Factory Road, Brynmawr, Gwent NP3 4DP. I 0495 311147 (A11 featured prices include VAT)
TUESDAY Dr Chandler Denzel Washington Dr A uschlander Norman Lloyd Dr A xelrod Stephen Furst Dr Novino Cindy Pickett Dr Griffin Bruce Greenwood Ellen Craig Bonnie Bartlett Dr K iem France Nuyen
Anglia 8.30pm The Return of Shelley
8.30pm 4 What It's Worth
HYWEL BENNETT EMERGENCY WARD 9
PENNY JUNOR SUSAN OSMAN Bill Breckon David Stafford For investigations, feature reports, best buys and consumer news, watch Channel Four's consumer programme. For factsheet, send sae to PO Box 6, Fleet, Hants GU13 9QL.
BY GUY JENKIN
Shelley finds that London is not dissimilar to New York in this new forceful Britain. You can get banged on the head here just as easily as in America! The difference is America doesn't enjoy the wonderful facilities of the National Health Service, with all its humanitarian potential. Unfortunately, Shelley discovers that the potential part of it is all very well, but the NHS needs treatment, too — an injection of money. No wonder Shelley gets the needle.
the return of
any nearer the truth? Many people disbelieve the official version of what happened that fateful day in Dallas. This programme reveals startling new evidence. Continued after News at Ten.
James Shelley Hywel Bennett Carol Caroline Langrishe Graham Andrew Castell Consultant Geoffrey Whitehead Pc Barnes Christopher Driscoll N urse Gillian Bevan Dr Hall Philippa Haywood Palmer Joseph Marcell Guscott James Goode Robinson James Barron Swift Julia Gilbert
CAMERA STEPHEN McNUTT, JOHN VARNISH SOUND ALGIS KAUPAS, VAUGHAN ROBERTS FILM EDITOR PAUL JACKSON ASSOCIATE PRODUCER SUSAN WINTER PRODUCER/DIRECTOR NIGEL TURNER Central Production
DESIGNER ROBERT IDE PRODUCER/DIRECTOR ANTHONY PARKER Thames Television Production
with ALASTAIR BURNET SANDY GALL
9.00pm Viewpoint '88 Special
10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather
THE MEN WHO KILLED PRESIDENT KENNEDY It is 25 years since the assassination of President John F Kennedy. His death has been the subject of two US Government .commissions, 300 books and countless media investigations. Are we
IBA Family Viewing Policy To help parents decide what children should see, information is provided in TV Times and in on-screen announcements. Up to 9.00pm, ITV and Channel Four seek to provide programmes suitable for viewing by all the family. After 9.00pm, a wider range of material is shown and parents are expected to assume responsibility for what their children see.
10.00pm News at Ten
Bed sore in more ways than one, Shelley (Hywel Bennett) makes a far from patient patient. It's enough to cure Carol (Caroline Langrishe) and Graham (A ndrew Castel]) of hospital visiting for keeps. See 8.30pm
destroy anyone in her way. It is 1978 and meek 17-year-old Arnie Cunningham becomes inexplicably obsessed with the rusty old '58 Fury he buys from strange Mr LeBay. Arnie's family and friends watch helplessly as his personality radically alters under the evil influence of Christine... TV version
See film guide, beginning page 42 A rnie Keith Gordon Dennis John Stockwell Leigh Alexandra Paul Junkins Harry Dean Stanton Darned Robert Prosky Mrs Cunningham Christine Belford LeBay Roberts Blossom Buddy William Ostrander Mr Casey David Spielberg Mr Cunningham Robert Darnell Moochie Malcolm Danare R ich Steven Tash V andenberg Stuart Charno Roseanne Kelly Preston
Pepper Boyd Richard Collier
10.35pm Viewpoint '88 Special THE MEN WHO KILLED PRESIDENT KENNEDY Concluding this programme which reexamines the assassination of President John F Kennedy.
11.35pm Carpenter's Craft HARRY DEAN STANTON CHRISTINE 'She' is not just a car. She is Christine, a red and white 1958 Plymouth Fury whose standard equipment includes a terrifying power to seduce those of her choosing — or to
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
SCREENPLAY BILL PHILLIPS BASED ON THE NOVEL BY STEPHEN KING DIRECTOR JOHN CARPENTER
1.25am At the Maintenance Shop A concert featuring New York born David Bromberg, a guitarist and fiddler who has worked with Bob Dylan and Carly Simon. t followed by ITN News Headlines
2.00am America's Top 10 CASEY KASEM Casey Kasem, the celebrated music historian and radio and television personality, presents the top 10 hits from this week's US pop music charts.
2.30am Throb BRIEF ENCOUNTER Sandy's jogging accident leads to a romantic interlude with a paediatrist who dreams of settling down to married life. Sandy Beatty Diana Canova Zach A rmstrong Jonathan Prince B lue Jane Leeves Phil Richard Cummings Jr
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.00am Quiz Night ROSS KING THE PEARTREE (Wolverhampton) v THE BOOT (Sarratt) A fast-moving competition for quiz enthusiasts. Twentyeight top teams from Quiz Leagues all over Britain compete for the coveted title of Quiz Night Champions 1989. Ross King puts the contestants through their paces with a wide range of questions. PROGRAMME CONSULTANTS DAVID ELIAS, SARA LOW GRAPHICS VALERIE PYE DESIGNER PAUL ROWAN RESEARCH LINDA CLIFFORD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STEPHEN LEAHY PRODUCER/DIRECTOR CRISPEN EVANS Granada Television Production
3.30am The Outsiders GOLDEN GIRL Charlie and Pete join the staff of a luxurious hotel. Pete Jarrett Sacha Hehn Charlie Cole Andrew Kerr Dicky Michael Craig Susan Wendy Hughes
4.30 to 5.00am Farming Diary A repeat of Sunday's programme.
PRODUCER GERARD MELLING DEPUTY EDITOR ELEANOR STEPHENS DIRECTORS CHRIS BOULD, RANDAL BEATTIE EDITOR MARY McANALLY Thames Television Production
9.00pm The Other Europe JACQUES RUPNIK 2: THE ICE AGE The series about Communist Europe. In 1945 the Red Army had conquered the heart of Europe. Soviet troops were quartered amid the rubble of Berlin, Budapest and Warsaw. By 1953, when Joseph Stalin died, the countries of Central Europe had passed into an Ice Age. Everywhere Soviet-style socialism was installed, it was followed by the transfer of 'The technology of power' — the apparatus of terror accompanied by the promise of Utopia. Presenter Jacques Rupnik, born in Czechoslovakia and an expert on the subject, presents an anatomy of the Stalinist system in the countries of The Other Europe. SERIES EDITOR MICHAEL JONES EXECUTIVE PRODUCER NICK FRASER PRODUCER/DIRECTOR TOM ROBERTS Panoptic Production
10.00pm St Elsewhere SLIP SLIDING AWAY Dr and Mrs Craig's worst dream materializes when the mother of their baby granddaughter recovers enough to return for her infant. Dr W estphall Ed Flanders Dr Morrison David Morse Dr Craig William Daniels Dr Fiscus Howie Mandel Nurse Rosenthal Christina Pickles Dr Ehrlich Ed Begley Jr
11.00pm The New Statesman BY LAURENCE MARKS, MAURICE GRAN
FRIENDS OF ST JAMES Alan organises a parliamentary factfinding expedition to a sun-kissed Caribbean island... whose only export seems to be the world's strongest marijuana! Previously shown on ITV
A lan B'Stard Rik Mayall Norman R R Cooper Piers Michael Troughton Sarah Marsha Fitzalan Lance Trevor Laird Catchpole William Simons Capt Hirsch Angus MacInnes Cy ndy Steffanie Pitt Headmaster Neville Phillips Co-pilot John Jay Police Sgt Chris Turnmings House of Commons Speaker John Carlin DESIGNER ROGER ANDREWS DIRECTOR GEOFFREY SAX PRODUCER DAVID REYNOLDS Y orkshire Television Production
11.30pm American Football Another chance to see the programme shown earlier this evening.
12.30am Baseball One of the world's great sporting events — the World Series — is concluded tonight on Channel Four. Looking back at the climax of the 1988 Major League Baseball season is David Jensen. Programme may change if World Series is concluded before transmission.
1.30 to 2.25am Beats of the Heart RHYTHM OF RESISTANCE — BLACK MUSIC OF SOUTH AFRICA This week's programme depicts, through music, the struggle of black South Africans against apartheid. Jeremy Marre traces the music's roots to remote areas of Zululand, travels secretly to an all-night song contest in a migrant workers' hostel and visits black radio stations controlled by whites with rigid censorship. PRODUCER JEREMY MARRE DIRECTORS CHRIS AUSTIN, JEREMY MARRE Harcourt Films Production
71
Say Hovis Goldenbran. A golden brown loaf made from the most delicious parts of the grain. Then strewn with tasty bran, toasted wheatgerm and cracked wheatgrains. It's a bran loaf people actually
eat for pleasure. And it's just as healthy as the kind of bran loaf that tastes as if it's been hacked from a tree. Goldenbran. The latest thing in brown bread from good old Hovis.
Where can you find videos you can't wait to watch and slimming magazines when you're watching your weight?
We've got an irresistible selection of videos that everyone will love, from children's favourites to blockbusting movies. And if you've been sitting around watching too many films, our great range of slimming and fitness magazines can help you get into shape.
WHSMITH More to discover
Prices correct at time of going to press. Subject to availability. Available at WHSmith Video Departments.
1 Today's special features include: 11.00-11.10 New Country
Anglia
Fiona Armstrong looks at the new face of Britain's countryside.
11.45-11.55 Value for Money How to get the best from your shopping choices.
5.00am ITN Morning News BRENDA ROWE
6.00 TV-am The Morning Programme Presented by Richard Keys. Switch on to regular news bulletins with Gordon Honeycombe, sports reports and Money Matters. 7.00 Good Morning Britain Presented by Kathy Rochford and Mike Morris. Keep up to date with the latest national and international news read by Gordon Honeycombe. For younger viewers, Gyles Brandreth's 'postbag', and there's chat from the world of showbusiness. Plus Huckleberry Hound and birthday requests. 9.00 Wacaday Presented by Timmy Mallett. Catch up on Timmy's tour of Wales and studio fun.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY Get your brain into gear this morning by watching Runway! This fast-moving quiz has a light-hearted look at the three contestants as bouncing babies and later moves on to Dirty Tricks, a taxing round of general knowledge questions where, if correct, the contestant can lower his opponents' score!
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Presenter Mike Scott travels the country to discuss the issues in the news.
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY with FIONA ARMSTRONG The magazine show that takes a lively look at the home and the family. We want to hear from you, so phone us on air on 051-555-1000.
Included in today's programme: ITN News Headlines at 10.55 and Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. join Judy and Richard live from Liverpool tomorrow morning for more features and helpful advice.
12.10pm Allsorts ON MY OWN BY MARTIN RILEY
Natty's gone to visit her auntie and cousin. Dandy comes to stay. Bonzo, Jiffy and Spike go out for the day and the programme explores Castle Allsorts, meets `Ompom' and enters Dandy's secret world. Bonzo Andrew Wightman Jan Alphonse Dandy Jiffy Wayne Jackman Spike Virginia Radcliffe RESEARCH KATY JONES EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT PRODUCER/DIRECTOR IAN WHITE Granada Television Production
12.30pm The Sullivans After Walter has been killed by the Germans, Tom shepherds Norm back to the mill to recover from his head injury.
ITN News at One JULIA SOMERVILLE
1.20pm Anglia News and Weather
1.30pm Heirloom JOHN BLY FAMILY ALBUM Some more rummaging around attics by members of the studio audience has produced a wealth of items for the programme. John Bly identifies and values these finds and is joined later by Sotheby's Hilary Kay to look at some music boxes, both large and small. PRODUCER COLIN ELDRED A nglia Television Production All programmes are in colour unless otherwise stated
TV T1MES 22-28 October 1988
60
2.00pm Richmond Hill
12.30pm Business Daily
Mad killer Kevin is captured after a dramatic confrontation which leaves Susan unconscious and Smokey injured. Anne Costello grows more devious...
SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's daily business and financial TV news service with computer links to City securities houses and a network of studios around the Square Mile. There is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the day. With lain Carson, Damian Green and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
Frank Hackett Robert Alexander Janet Bryant Paula Duncan W arren Bryant Tim Elston A ndrew Ryan Marc Gray Dan Costello Ross Higgins Ivy Hackett Maggie Kirkpatrick Connie Ryan Amanda Muggleton Jill W arner Dina Panozzo Marty Bryant Ashley Paske Mum Foote Gwen Plumb Tim Shannon Robert Sampson Susan Miller Felicity Soper A nne Costello Emily Symons Neil Travers Serge Lazareff Rick Reid Martin Maddell Mark Johnson Warren Blondell Roger Lawson Peter Kowitz
2.55pm The Vet STERILISATION Vet John Baxter gives us tips and friendly advice about the care of animals. The best time for sterilisation is when puppies and kittens are small otherwise stand by for a greatly-increased pet population.
3.00 to 3.25pm Take the High Road Dougal avoids an encounter with the iron. Sorry puts his toe in some very muddy waters indeed. Ritchie talks to Sheila about his past and a lot of things start to fall into place. This week's cast: Sorry W atson Ron Paterson Isabel Blair Eileen McCallum A rchie Menzies Paul Kermack Murdoch Robert Trotter Fiona Cunningham Caroline Ashley A lice Taylor Muriel Romanes Lorna Seton Joan Alcorn Sheila Ramsay Lesley Fitz-Simons Mark Ritchie Peter Raffan Peter Cunningham Donald Douglas Dougal Lachlan Alec Monteath Donald Lachlan Steven Brown Fergus Jamieson Frank Wylie Mrs Mack Gwyneth Guthrie Mr McPherson John Young Lady W illiam Madeleine Christie Kalsang Sedhar Chozam Inverdarroch John Stahl Mrs McTaggart Jean Faulds Julie Miller Claire Millar Effie Mary Riggans Carol McKay Teri Lally Joanna Tamara Kennedy WRITER SUE GLOVER DESIGNER NEIL PARKINSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ROBERT LOVE PRODUCER BRIAN MAHONEY DIRECTOR ANDREW GARDNER Scottish Television Production
9.30am Schools Half-term repeat of last week's programmes.
9.30 The French Programme Viddotheque. La table, la sante et le bien-Aire: au cafe, chez un medecin, dans une pharmacie.
9.52 Environments Villages: Repeat of Monday's programme.
10.09 Good Health Healthy eating: the importance of eating sensibly and avoiding too much sugar and salt.
10.26 Mathematical Eye Measurement: Direct and indirect measurement, standards, units, instruments and accuracy.
10.48 Choices A Right Charlie: A dramatised story about smoking, stealing and peer group pressures.
11.05 Middle English Nina Bawden: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
11.22 Picture Box The Kingfisher. Film extracts to stimulate creative work.
11.41 Designing and Making Funfair: The materials and design of rides at a traditional fairground and at an amusement park.
12.00noon The Parliament Programme GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART Television's only programme providing up-to-the-minute coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament on a daily basis - with live interviews, sound coverage of the proceedings in the House of Commons and television coverage of the House of Lords. Reporter is Nicholas Woolley.
C4 addresses Cheques/POs should be made payable to Channel Four TV Ltd. All requests for leaflets should state programme and episode of envelope. Please allow 28 days for delivery. I (Programme title) PO Box 4000, London W3 6Xj or PO Box 4000, Glasgow G12 9JQ or PO Box 4000, Belfast BT2 7FE 2The Open College Freepost, PO Box 35. Abingdon OX14 5RR.
1.00pm Interviewing BY GUY ANDREWS
SARAH KENNEDY 4: GRIEVANCE AND DISCIPLINARY" This fourth programme in the series looks at the type of problems that may arise in the difficult area of grievance and disciplinary interviewing. Careful handling is important as is the need for consistency and fairness. Frequently assumptions and, occasionally, stereotyping, may cloud the interviewer's true perception of the problem, and these two areas are identified in the programme. For details of course material accompanying the series, please contact the Open College on (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 RESEARCH MELANIE DAVIS DIRECTOR TAN FELL PRODUCER DAVID WILSON Y orkshire Television Production
1.30 to 2.00pm The Customer Connection: Who Cares Wins 4: THIS ONE'S YOURS Today, customer complaints and how to handle them. Suzie shows an example of how not to react to a customer, and Len shows how to save the situation when things go badly. Plus an inside look at how staff are trained to cope with angry customers. Linked to the Open College course 'Customer Care'. For further information write to C4 address 2, this page or phone (0235) 555444. With Felicity Montague, Jaye Griffiths, Peter Capaldi, Rachel Davies, Nick Orchard. Oracle subtitles page 888 WRITER SALLY JONES DIRECTORS CARRIE THOMAS, ALAN BELL PRODUCER FRANCES BERRIGAN W alberry Production
Ara•
9ITV1444°
'
5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Allsorts 12.30 The Sullivans 1.00 ITN News 1.20 Anglia News 1.30 Heirloom 2.00 Richmond Hill 2.55 The Vet 3.00 Take the High Road 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 Sons and Daughters 4.00 Raggy Dolls 4.10 The Adventures of Tintin 4.20 Dogtanian 4.45 Toksvig 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Emmerdale Farm 7.00 This is Your Life 7.30 Coronation Street 8.00 Des O'Connor Tonight 9.00 Film: City Heat 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia News 10.35 Film: City Heat (cont) 11.35 Crazy Like a Fox 12.30am P.O.V. 1.30 Soap f/b News 2.00 Film: Hawk The Slayer 3.40 Night Gallery 4.00 Wildwatch 4.30 Jack Thompson
C4 9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Interviewing 1.30 The Customer Connection: Who Cares Wins 2.00 Film: White Cargo 3.40 The Oprah Winfrey Show 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 Cartoon Alphabet 5.30 Mork & Mindy 6.00 Family Ties 6.30 The March of Time: Reporting The Dictators 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Party Political Comment f/b Weather 8.00 Brookside 8.30 Dispatches 9.15 Signals 10.20 Friday Night Almost Live 11.20 Lou Grant 12.20am The Late Shift 2.25 Close
75
ge ovilY Paid EIS." a week fov Ly bra bia re2>7oor Woo L ,...... .
C
I *11‘4%mosis~".."Th
I 0610 believR. • it-.
BECOME A BELIEVER FOR ONLY £19.89 A WEEK AND YOU WILL GET A BRAND NEW FOUR DOOR SALOON WITH RECLINING SEATS, HEATED REAR WINDOW, ADJUSTABLE HEADRESTS, HALOGEN HEADLIGHTS, HIGH INTENSITY FOG LAMPS, CIGAR LIGHTER, 20 PIECE TOOL KIT, TWO YEARS FREE ROADSIDE RECOVERY SERVICE, PLUS A 2 YEAR OR 50,000 MILE * WARRANTY. THE LADA RIVA. YOU'LL HAVE TO SEE IT TO BELIEVE IT. APR 19.5
BECOME A RIVA BELIEVER The Lads Rive 12001 On the Road Price 23,639.75. Deposit 2958.75. 42 monthly payments 286.18. 192 equivalent weekly payments 219 89 Total credit price 24,5873.31- APR 19.5 Licensed credit brokers. For written details write to: Lade Cars, Cemaby Industrial Estate, Carnaby, Hr. Bridlington, North Humberside T015 3Q0. Telephone (0262) 678011. Offer applies to UK mainland and Isle of Wight only. Closes 3112.98 •Whichever Is the :moiler.
6 Oc t Buckingham, to the Royal Palace. Richelieu, aware of the Queen's plan, orders Rochefort to kidnap Juliet.
Anglia 3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm Sons and Daughters Beryl is worried that Craig is tempted by the lure of easy money. Wayne discovers that Janice is hiding something from Neville. This week's cast: Gordon Brian Blain W ayne Ian Rawlings Fiona Pat McDonald Charlie Sarah Kemp Caroline Morrell Abigail A lison Can- Belinda Giblin Beryl Palmer Leila Hayes Mr A bbott John Stone Craig Jared Robinson M ay Georgie Sterling Neville Keith Robinson Janice Reid Rina Te Wiata Doug Fletcher Normiw Rowe S usan Oriana Panozzo Glen Y oung Mark Conrad
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
The Raggy Dolls CREATED BY MELVYN JACOBSON
THE TERRIBLE TWINS This week, Mr Grimes's twin nephews come to stay for the weekend, and cause all sorts of trouble. Animation by Roy Evans, voices and music by Neil Innes.
4.45pm Toksvig SANDI TOKSVIG Heather Couper in a space dustbin, and Toksvig with spots! If you're 5ft 3M to 5ft 7in, very hairy with a receding chin and forehead and live in the Urals - if you're about 8ft or taller and live in California or the high Himalayas you probably won't be reading this. But be warned: Almas, Big Foot Yeti - Toksvig is coming to get you! You can write to Toksvig at TVS, Television Centre, Vinters Park, Maidstone, ME14 5NZ. The Rep: Paddy Ward as Marion and Vincent Brimble, Deddie Davies, Janet Spencer-Turner, Christopher Whittingham with Joolz and jim Havilland Researchers: Harriet Llewellyn, Roz Peters WRITERS ELLY BREWER, SANDI TOKSVIG EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JANIE GRACE ASSOCIATE PRODUCER RICHARD MORSS DIRECTOR LIDDY OLDROYD TV S Production
5.15pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS Bob Holness poses the questions that could lead to the Gold Run.
ITN News at 5.45 FIONA ARMSTRONG Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia HALEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES News, views and features. Plus tomorrow's weather.
6.30pm Emmerdale Farm Seth Armstrong is determined to get his old job back at Home Farm. This week's cast: A nnie Sugden Sheila Mercier M att Frederick Pyne A mos Brearly Ronald Magill Henry W ilks Arthur Pentelow Joe Sugden Frazer Hines Dolly Skilbeck Jean Rogers Jackie Merrick Ian Sharrock Kathy Malandra Burrows S andie Jane Hutcheson A lan Turner Richard Thorp Mrs Bates Diana Davies Seth Stan Richards Nick Bates Cy Chadwick A rchie Tony Pitts Kate Hughes Sally Knyvette Phil Pearce Peter Alexander Eric Christopher Chittell Rachel Glenda McKay Mark Hughes Craig McKay Denis Richard K Franklin Hugh Cyril Appleton WRITER BARRY WOODWARD DESIGNER LOU BEAUMONT DIRECTOR JOHN DARNELL PRODUCER STUART DOUGHTY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER KEITH RICHARDSON Y orkshire Television Production
7.00pm This Is Your Life MICHAEL ASPEL Who is going to get the surprise of their life when Michael Aspel opens the famous red book? Programme
W EDNESDAY
consultant is Roy Bottomley. See page 4
6.00pm Family Ties
DIRECTORS DAVID CLARK, BRIAN KLEIN PRODUCER MALCOLM MORRIS Thames Television Production
7.30 to 8.00pm Coronation Street `Sherlock' Sugden investigates when he falls victim to a phantom leg puller! And Mavis is privy to a piece of devastating news. Oracle subtitles page 888 For cast, see Monday WRITER JOHN STEVENSON
ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 11.30 Film The Riddle of the Sands. Sinister spy story set in 1901, stars Michael York, Simon MacCorkindale and Jenny Agutter; 1.30 America's Top 10; 2.00 Hammer House of Mystery & Suspense; 3.30 Quiz Night; 4.00 Three's Company; 4.30 to 5.00am Fifty Years On. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 11.30 Donahue; 12.30 Film - The Eyes of Charles Sand. Supernatural chiller starring Peter Haskell and Joan Bennett; 1.55 Superstars of Wrestling; 2.45 The Twilight Zone; 3.15 P.O.V.; 4.10 to 5.00am Central Jobfinder '88. TVS 2.55 to 3.00 Gardening Time; 3.30 to 4.00 The Young Doctors; 11.30 Film chosen by viewers - either Mission Galactica: The Cylon Attack, a space adventure starring Richard Hatch and Dirk Benedict; or American Gigolo, with Richard Gere as a gigolo framed for murder; 1.35 The Twilight Zone; 2.00 to 2.55 The Fugitive; 3.00 The Hit Man And Her; 4.00 to 5.00am Night Beat. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm Young Doctors; 6.00 to 6.30 Calendar; 10.00 to 10.35 News, Calendar News, Weather; 11.30 Crazy Like A Fox; 12.30 News, Film - The Executioner. Sam Wannamaker's vision of murder and mayhem in British Intelligence, with George Peppard, Joan Collins. 2.30 News, Pub Quiz Night; 3.00 WKRP in Cincinnati; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
2.00pm White Cargo Harry Witzel, a hard-bitten, determined overseer of an African rubber station, sees his assistant Wilbur Ashley board a boat for England, broken by the demands of the Dark Continent. Arriving on the same boat is his new assistant, Langford, who is determined to maintain his standard of living and not let Africa conquer him. Witzel regards Langford and his ideals with some cynicism and warns him to stay clear of the beautiful Tondelayo.
6.30pm The March of Time: Reporting The Dictators
DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER HALE Flashback Television Production in association with SFM Media Corporation
Quiz show.
5.00pm Cartoon Alphabet
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin
Today - T for Tom and Jerry (but not the cat and mouse). Written and introduced by Ray Alan with Lord Charles.
BLACK ISLAND: MAD MEN Tintin continues his adventures on the mysterious Black Island.
PRODUCER RICHARD EVANS
Previously shown on Channel Four
5.30pm Mork & Mindy
4.20pm Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds
MORK'S NIGHT OUT Mork and neighbour find more excitement than they bargained for when they unwittingly choose a singles bar for a big night out..
Juliet is chosen by the Queen for a very delicate mission - to take the English politician, The Duke of
Meredith Baxter Birney Steven Michael Gross A lex Michael J Fox Jennifer Tina Yothers Mallory Justine Bateman Skippy Marc Price Mrs W illis Doris Belack
9: MISSIONS TO MOSCOW Is Glasnost really new? In the 1930s, The March of Time looked at many sides of the Soviet Made in black and white experience - a See film guide, concern for White beginning page 42 Russians in Exile gives way to a celebration of Harry W itzel Walter Pidgeon Stalin's Five Year Plan. Tondelayo Hedy Lamarr The Nazi-Soviet Pact The doctor Frank Morgan shatters initial Langford Richard Carlson sympathy for the Skipper Reginald Owen Soviets in 1939, but with Rev Roberts Henry O'Neill the German invasion of W ilbur A shley Bramwell Fletcher Russia in June 1941, we Ted Clyde Cook are all Comrades again. But in 1946 The March SCREENPLAY LEON GORDON of Time's hopes for DIRECTOR RICHARD THORPE democracy in Czechoslovakia are illfounded just two years 3.40pm before the Communist The Oprah coup in that benighted Winfrey Show country. Presenter is Murray Sayle. Another edition of the Oracle subtitles page 888 chat show hosted by PRODUCER actress Oprah Winfrey. VICTORIA WEGG-PROSSER
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One
WRITERS JOY WHITBY, NEIL INNES EDITOR STEVE GANNON DIRECTOR/PRODUCER JOHN MARSDEN Y orkshire Television Production
FABRIC SMARTS Mallory's enthusiasm for her part-time job at a boutique causes her school grades to slip even lower than usual and Steve and Elyse agree that she must quit the job. Then Alex comes up with a proposal that could resolve the situation. Elyse
W hy are backroom girls Roz Peters (left) and Harriet Llewellyn, responsible for research, flanking `Toksvig' on screen this week?
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
Mork Mindy Cora
Robin Williams Pam Dawber Elizabeth Kerr Conrad Janis Tom Poston
7.00pm Channel 4 News Oracle subtitles page 888
7.50pm Party Political Comment The regular Wednesday Party Political Comment, this week with a Conservative politician. followed by
Weather 8.00 to 8.30pm Brookside Suspicions are aroused, desires revealed and warnings given on the Close. Oracle subtitles page 888 For cast, see Monday
77
66
I went into once • the I got three months for it:' A lot of people are frightened of going into the red, which is not surprising when you consider the way banks treat their customers when they do so. Look at the extract from the bank statement shown above. We didn't make it up. It was kindly lent to us by a real customer of a real bank whose account dipped into the red for a few days in the middle of last year. How much did he have to pay for the privilege? The bank made a charge for every cheque, standing order and direct debit for 3 months. Plus, as though that wasn't enough, a "Maintenance Charge Fortunately, it is now possible to do something sensible about this seemingly ridiculous state of affairs You can open a Nationwide Anglia
FlexAccount, the first real alternative to an ordinary bank current account. Admittedly, if you reel off the facilities available with a FlexAccount, they sound distinctly familiar. A cheque book, cheque card and cashcard, for instance. As well as useful services such as standing orders, direct debits and direct salary credits. But there the resemblance ends. For instance there are absolutely no transaction charges on a FlexAccount. Even while your account is in the red. No "arrangement fees; no hidden extras of any kind. So much for the unwanted things we've got rid of. What does a FlexAccount offer that the traditional bank current account doesn't? Perhaps most importantly, we pay you interest all the time your account is in credit.
With up to £99 in your account you get 2.75% interest net per annum. On sums between £100 and £499, you receive 4-25%. And when you're £500 or more in credit, 5-50%. Both the higher interest rates are paid on the whole balance, not just the amount over £100 or £500. Interest is calculated daily, such as from the day your salary is credited, and paid out annually. A more attractive proposition, surely, than the financial equivalent of a 3-month sentence. For further information, just call into your local Nationwide Anglia Building
Society branch. Or write today to Claire Adams, at Nationwide Anglia Building Society, Chesterfield House, Bloomsbury Way, London WC1V 6PW.
Nationwide Anglia Buildin g
FlexAccount.We always remember whose money it is. Written credit details available from Nationwide Anglia Building Society, Princes Street, Swindon
crest rates correct at time of going to press and may vary. Cheque guarantee card subject to status.
W EDNESDAY Channel Four's live music and comedy show.
2.00am Cinema 104 Presents Heroes and Villains HAWK THE SLAYER Once upon a time, long ago, there were two brothers: Hawk, the younger, destined for greatness; and Voltan, the elder hideously deformed, who roams the land under a concealing black mask. See film guide, beginning page 42 V oltan Jack Palance John Terry Hawk High A bbot Harry Andrews Eliane Catriona MacColl Gort Bernard Bresslaw Sparrow Graham Stark Crow Ray Charleson Peter O'Farrell Baldin Ranulf Morgan Sheppard Blind witch Patricia Quinn A bbess Annette Crosbie Drogo Shane Briant Sister Monica Cheryl Campbell Fitzwalter Christopher Benjamin Innkeeper Roy Kinnea r ^ Priest Patrick Magee t, SCREENPLAY TERRY MARCEL,
Introducing you to the start of a new series, Des O'Connor Tonight' brings you superstars, songs and miles of smiles and laughs: 8.00pm
8.00pm NEW Des O'Connor Tonight with FREDDIE STARR Join Des for the first of a new 10-week series. There's all-round family entertainment packed with comedy and music and Des meets some of the biggest international names in showbusiness, plus people who are in the news. Music director is Colin Keyes. Script associate is Eric Davidson, special material by Eddie Braben. See page 40 ASSOCIATE PRODUCER JOHN GRAHAM PROGRAMME ASSOCIATE NEIL SHAND PRODUCTION DESIGNER HARRY CLARK PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BRIAN PENDERS Thames Television Production
9.00pm Starring Clint Eastwood... CLINT EASTWOOD BURT REYNOLDS CITY HEAT Kansas City in 1933: Mike Murphy runs a none-too-profitable detective agency with a secretary, Addy, who hasn't been paid for three months and a partner, Dehl Swift, who doesn't know his own limitations. Swift's attempt to play off one criminal kingpin against another ends in a fatal shoot-out,
leaving Murphy to pick up the pieces. Dogging Murphy's footsteps is police lieutenant Speer. Concluded after News at Ten. See film guide, beginning page 42 Clint Eastwood Lt Speer Mike Murphy Burt Reynolds A ddy Jane Alexander Caroline Howley Madeline Kahn Rip Torn Primo Pitt Tony LoBianco Leon Coll Irene Cara Ginny Lee Dahl Swift Richard Roundtree Lonnie A sh William Sanderson Troy Roker Nicholas Worth Robert Davi Nino Jude Farese Dub Slack Fat Freddie John Hancock T uck Tab Thacker Louis Gerald S O'Loughlin Bruce M Fischer Bruisers { Art La Fleur SCREENPLAY SAM 0 BROWN, JOSEPH C STINSON DIRECTOR RICHARD BENJAMIN
10.00pm News at Ten 10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather 10.35pm Starring Clint Eastwood... CITY HEAT Concluding part of the film. indicates Repeat
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
HARRY ROBERTSON e DIRECTOR TERRY MARCEL
11.35pm Crazy Like a Fox THE FOX WHO SAW TOO MUCH Harrison and Cindy's plans for a romantic weekend away from Harry are ruined when they spot an old friend who supposedly died years earlier, and find themselves on the trail of an insurance fraud case. Jack Warden Harry Harrison John Rubinstein Cindy Penny Peyser Josh Robby Kiger
12.30am P.O.V. The eighth of nine programmes that use unusual drama, documentary and comedy. This week includes a pastoral comedy, a short film about Feet as well as a documentary about life in Coventry. DEVISER/PRODUCER JOHN DALE TV S Production
1.30am Soap The real murderer of Peter Campbell is revealed after Jessica is sentenced to prison. Jessica Katherine Helmond Robert Mandan Chester Mary Cathryn Damon Richard Mulligan Burt
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.40am Night Gallery JOSEPH WISEMAN KIM HUNTER ROOM WITH A VIEW An invalid schemes to revenge himself of his unfaithful wife. followed by ITN News Headlines
4.00am Wildwatch CHRIS PROBERT SIMON HOOTON HABITATS FOR WILDLIFE Do birds and beasties suffer from a chronic housing shortage? Chris Probert creates and improves all sorts of habitats in the W ildwatch garden, and Simon Hooton creates a village wildlife nature trail. For a free W ildwatch back-up pack, send an A4 sae to Cathy Mason, W ildwatch, Anglia TV, Anglia House, Norwich, NR I 3JG. PRODUCER/DIRECTOR ANDREW THOMAS CAMERA RAY MOORE SOUND NEIL ELPHINSTONE A Lion Styles Production for A nglia Television
4.30 to 5.00am Jack Thompson Down Under Jack Thompson explores the characters and lifestyles in Australia.
DIRECTOR IAN HAMILTON PRODUCTION GEOFFREY PERKINS, GEOFF POSNER LINT Production
11.20pm Lou Grant
8.30pm Dispatches
INHERITANCE A story in the news hits close to home for Billie, who is horrified to learn she could be a cancer victim as a result of a miracle drug taken by her mother while pregnant.
The weekly series of topical documentaries. Each 'dispatch' is selected from the widest range of journalists and each reveals an important story.
9.15pm Signals FASCINATING RHYTHM Steve Reich is a major American composer. Many people fear the prospect of listening to new music, but Steve Reich's lush and shimmering crossrhythmic pieces sell out concert halls and turn his records into best sellers. In Margaret Williams' revealing tour through Reich's captivating rhythms, concerts filmed in England and New York, Signals offers viewers the chance to get to know one of the most exciting composers working today. DIRECTOR MARGARET WILLIAMS PRODUCER MARY JANE WALSH EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ANDREW HOLMES ASSOCIATE EDITOR JOHN ARCHER SERIES EDITOR ROGER GRAEF Holmes A ssociates
10.20pm Friday Night Almost Live BEN ELTON with HARRY ENFIELD ARLOE BARLOE MORAY HUNTER AND JACK DOCHERTY MADNESS THE PROCLAIMERS MICHAEL REDMOND DARRYL SIVAD The best moments from
Lou Grant Edward Asner Joe Rossi Robert Walden Billie Newman Linda Kelsey Charlie Hume Mason Adams A rt Donovan Jack Bannon A nimal Daryl Anderson Mrs Pynchon Nancy Marchand Betty Newman Allyn Ann McLerie Paul Newman Marshall Thompson
12.20 to 2.25am The Late Shift More late-night music ranging from blues to funk, reggae to jazz, and fusion to punk. Tonight:
Six A documentary film on the tragic life of legendary jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke, who drank himself to death at the age of 28, charting his rise to fame against the background of the Big Band era and the misery and poverty of the Depression. Among his friends and associates featured are: Hoagy Carmichael, Artie Shaw, Spiegel Willcox, piano player Jess Stacy, Doc Cheatham, plus the voice of Louis Armstrong. See film guide, beginning page 42 SCREENPLAY BRIGITTE BERMAN, VAL ROSS DIRECTOR BRIGITTE BERMAN
Tune in to American composer Steve Reich's `Signals' at 9.15pm
BRITISH AIRWAYS The world's favourite airline.
Ar
pparently our Haute Cuisine wasn't Haute enough for some of our passengers.
When we found that children weren't impressed with our in-flight cuisine, we decided to offer them fish fingers, burgers and chips instead. With the result that as far as they're concerned, we're back in the Good Food Guide. Ask your travel agent for further details about our new service for children. L
27 obe THURSDAY 12.00noon The Parliament Programme
Make it another wonderful 'W acaday' with madcap Timmy Mallett on TV-am
Anglia
Gravity: Which way is down? Weight and falling objects.
The Morning Programme
9.52 Maths is Fan
Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. Wake up and tune in to the latest news with Gordon Honeycombe, sports results and financial reports.
Five Garden Gnomes: Repeat of Monday's programme.
7.00 Good Morning Britain
Talking With Your Hands: Sign language and learning to sign a song.
Anne Diamond and Mike Morris interview the people making the news and headlines. Catch up on events at home and abroad in half-hourly news bulletins with Gordon Honeycombe, and weather reports with Carol Dooley.
10.23 Teaching CDT
9.00 Wacaday
Join in the fun with Timmy Mallett for more wacky stories and competitions.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Well actually it's... Richard Madeley hosting today's edition of Runway. On the receiving end of his testing questions are three new contestants from Scotland, Worcestershire and Sussex vying with each other to face the final ordeal in the Runway hot seat.
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Presenter Mike Scott travels the country to discuss the issues in the news. PRODUCER JOHN PLATT
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY The magazine programme that takes a lively look at the home and the family. Phone us on air on 051-555 1000. Features today
10.04 Our World
Control: The importance of controlling components in a project to achieve results.
10.41 World Studies include: 11.00 - 11.10 Family File Positive ways to cope with familiar family problems.
11.45 - 11.55 As Good as New Repair your own furniture and possessions.
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. Join Judy and Richard tomorrow for more features and helpful advice.
12.10pm Puddle Lane BY RICK VANES
It's a very sad day for Toby and his friends in Puddle Lane because Mr Hooter is going away to Zorn. But Toby and his friends mix up a spell in Barrel to give Mr Hooter a surprise party. Neil Innes plays the magician. Kate Lee is Aunty Flo. Puppeteer is Richard Robinson and stories are by Sheila McCullagh RESEARCH SALLY WELLS DESIGNERS MIKE JOYCE, AGNES HALL DIRECTOR DON CLAYTON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHRIS JELLEY PRODUCER MICHAEL HARRIS Y orkshire Television Production
12.30pm Santa Barbara Sophia (Judith McConnell), as the bag lady, spins a tale about a small metal object she's found in the sand.
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
She gives it to Ted (Todd McKee). He's swept up and charmed by this little old lady.
ITN News at One JULIA SOMERVILLE
1.20pm Anglia News and Weather
1.30pm Nocon on Photography Gene Nocon is photographic adviser to Prince Andrew and recognised as one of the finest photographic printers in the country. He is known and respected throughout the industry and in this series he allows us unique access to some of the world's top photographers. Today he profiles the natural history photographer Heather Angel at work with snakes and deer in the New Forest.
Land: The rich world's responsibility towards political and social change in developing countries.
11.03 Time For a Story W hen The Moon W inkedl - Repeat of Monday's programme.
11.15 All Year Round Keeping Safe: Safety at home, in the street and at play.
11.15 Wrth Reswm (W ales only)
Cylfwynir pontydd ac adeiladwaith tray beirianneg papur. Edrychwn ar bontydd enwog Cymru a'u defnyddiau adeiladu.
11.32 Stop, Look, Listen Supermarket: Repeat of Monday's programme.
11.44 Choices
GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART The programme providing up-to-theminute coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament. Reporter is Nicholas Woolley.
12.30pm Business Daily SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's daily business and financial TV news service with computer links to City securities houses and a network of studios around the Square Mile. There is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the day. With lain Carson, Damian Green and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
1.00 to 1.30pm Autocare 4: BODY & SAFETY Britain's top female rally driver, Louise Aitken-Walker takes Steve Blacknell for a spin. Suzanne Dando visits a breakers yard to find out where cars rust and Tony Howarth explains how to deal with rust. Linked to an Open College course, 'Autocare', price £35 or £49.99 with tutorial support. For further information write to C4 address 2 page 75 or phone (0235) 555444.
For cast, see W ednesday
9ITV144446 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Puddle Lane 12.30 Santa Barbara 1.00 • ITN News 1.20 Anglia News 1.30 Nocon on Photography 2.00 Richmond Hill 2.55 Gardening Time 3.00 Take the High Road 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 Sons and Daughters 4.00 Button Moon 4.10 The Adventures of Tintin 4.20 Gilbert's Fridge 4.50 Dangermouse 5.15 -Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Emmerdale Farm 7.00 jimmy's 7.30 Chain Letters 8.00 The Bill 8.30 This Week 9.00 The Equalizer 9.55 Party Political Broadcast 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia Late News 10.35 Frontiers 11.05 Film: Halloween 12.45am Jethro Tull 1.45 Pop Profile 2.00am Sportsworld 3.00 The Time... The Place... 3.40 Kojak 4.35 Fifty Years On
Oracle subtitles page 888
A Right Charlie: Repeat of Wednesday's programme.
C4
2.00 to 2.55pm Richmond Hill
WRITER REG WATSON
DIRECTOR ROGER THOMAS PRODUCER STUART CARTER
PRODUCER DAVID MASON DIRECTOR CHRIS BOULD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JOHN TAGHOLM Thames Television Production
Janet won't give up her new independence and relations with Warren deteriorate.
Ara
Steve Blacknell learns a lot from ace driver Louise Aitken-W alker in 'Autocare', 1.00pm
9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Autocare 1.30 Powerbase 2.00 Mighty Moments From World History 3.00 A People's War 4.00 Time To Talk 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 Baseball 6.00 The Abbott and Costello Show 6.30 The Sharp End 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Comment f/b Weather 8.00 Hot Property 8.30 A Different World 9.00 Tanner '88 10.00 True Stories: Grey Gardens 11.50 Film: Alpine Fire 2.00am Close
81
you look at it
Sheep Srreer in autumn, by James Priddey
The fallen leaves scurry along the quiet Cotswold street where The Countryman — the famous little green mag — is edited from a one-time coaching inn. The fields start 200 yards from our door. Every year Countryman readers have four chunky issues to enjoy — 240 or more pages each — packed with the places and people, crafts and customs, waysides and wildlife of the British countryside. And we don't talk down to our readers. There is no sentimentalising here — just honest-togoodness writing about honest-to-goodness country things. This is the magazine that half a million devoted readers around the world eagerly await. For more than sixty years The Countryman has been a guaranteed passport to the heart of the British countryside. The secret is that we write of what we know. We come from the country. Take out a subscription for yourself, your friends or relatives, and we'll take you there too.
it's a Sureshot. The latest Sureshot from Canon is the Ace. With over thirteen million Sureshots built so far. it has quite a reputation to live up to. As you would expect it uses the latest technology to achieve the finest results. Tinto unique features have been added to the new SURE SHOT easy-to-hold teardrop shape: a tiny detachable infra-red remote control unit and a second ACE viewfinder located on top of the camera. The result is the Canon Sureshot Ace. It is, in every respect, a Sureshot.
SAVE £1 BY USING THIS COUPON! The Data Protection Register contains descriptions of the sources, uses and disclosures of personal data held by us.
Please send me The Countryman for 1-year at the Special Introductory Offer Price of £6.50 (instead of the regular £7.50). I enclose £ subscription (s). Offer closes 31st December 1988. for
canon CV-TINY)
Name Address Post Code Please commence with Autumn issue ❑ Winter issue ❑ (tick box)
Tv8.8
J
The Countryman, Freepost, Bletchley, Milton Keynes MK1 1YS
SURESHOT ACE: FULLY AUTOMATIC 35MM CAMERA: LENS 35MM F3.5: ACTIVE AUTOFOCUS: AUTO EXPOSURE: DX AUTO FILM LOADING. WINDING AND REWINDING:AUTO FLASH: SELF TIMER: 2 VIEWFINDERS: REMOTE CONTROL FUNCTION.
Canon - Manufacturers of Cameras. Videos. Calculators. Facsimile. Typewriters and Micrographics.
THURSDAY Like the travelling Spoon family, you can fly to 'Button Moon'. So be ready for lift-off at 4.00pm
James Bolam. Oracle subtitles page 888 FILM EDITOR SEAN FULLERTON SERIES PRODUCER RICHARD BROAD PRODUCER LIZ NEESON Thames Television Production
Anglia
4.00pm Time To Talk 1.30pm Powerbase
2.55pm Gardening Time CYCLAMEN
3.00pm Take the High Road Mrs McTaggart has another attack of selective deafness, much to Dougal's chagrin; but Inverdarroch is lucky to have such a wise woman to advise him if he decides to take advice. Mrs Mack catches the minister talking to himself.
W henever needed, Etangermouse' and Pen fold get there fast. See at 4.50pm
For cast, see W ednesday WRITER JANICE RALLY DIRECTOR FIONA CUMMING
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm Sons and Daughters Alison's revenge on Susan and Glen brings her to the brink of disaster. For cast, see W ednesday
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
Button Moon BY IAN ALLEN
DOTTY TEAPOT Mr and Mrs Spoon and Tina fly to Button Moon to join Queenie Jelly who is having a Tea Dance. Dotty Teapot is late, but when she puts on her roller skates to get there quickly a lot of trouble is caused. Jungle Mouse is seen doing some babysitting for Miss Parrot. Playboard puppets by John Thirtle, Ian Allen and Ian Brown. DESIGNER JANE KRALL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHARLES WARREN DIRECTOR NEIL STINCHCOMBE Thames Television Production
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin BLACK ISLAND: TRAPPED This week, Tintin continues his
adventures on the mysterious Black Island. Previously shown on Channel Four
4.20pm Gilbert's Fridge Simon O'Brien gets a misguided tour of London. Commandant Herr Wolfgang Otterholiday shows Sgt Major Leonard Horrible his carpet. There's more fishy business in Benidorm. Marmaduke Smarmy is giving absolutely nothing away. And Dodgy Dudley's being decidedly dodgy.
Kelsey and Brian Trueman. Music by Mike Harding. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR BRIAN COSGROVE PRODUCERS BRIAN COSGROVE, MARK HALL Thames Television Production
5.15pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS Another swarm of contestants face the honeycomb Blockbusters board and try to find the words to match the letters.
ITN News at 5.45
WRITER PHIL CORNWELL RESEARCH NICOLA LONG, AMANDA STEVENS DIRECTOR MALCOLM DICKINSON PRODUCER MICHAEL FORTE Tyne Tees Television Production
FIONA ARMSTRONG
4.50pm Dangermouse
HELEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES News, views and features on life in the East of England. Also, a look at tomorrow's weather.
BY BRIAN TRUEMAN
STATUES/JOURNEY TO THE EARTH'S COR! A compilation of programmes shown previously. In Statues something strange is happening to all the statues in the city. And in Journey To The Earth's Cor!, there's an awful lot of noise coming from the North Pole. Our heroes set out to find what, or who, is causing it. With the voices of David Jason, Terry Scott, Edward
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia
6.30pm Emmerdale Farm When Joe discovers that Alan Turner has stabbed him in the back it's Phil Pearce who bears the full brunt of his fury. For cast, see W ednesday
7.00 to 7.30pm Jimmy's Life in Britain's largest general hospital. The unique collaboration between ITV and St James's University, Leeds, continues to show that real life is as gripping as fiction. The stories continue next Thursday at 7.00pm. CAMERA ALAN WILSON SOUND CHRIS CLARKSON FILM EDITORS STEVE FAIRHOLME, ROBIN McDONELL RESEARCH HELEN MAGEE, DIANA MUIR, HELEN SCOTT, JUDITH WEYMONT DIRECTORS IRENE COCKROFT, NICK GRAY, RICHARD HANDFORD, GWYNETH HUGHES ASSOCIATE PRODUCER PETER A GORDON PRODUCERS IRENE COCKROFT, RICHARD HANDFORD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER GRANT McKEE Y orkshire Television Production
ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 2.55 to 3.00 Home Cookery Club; 10.35 The City Programme; 11.05 01- For London; 11.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.30 A Problem Aired; 1.00 What The Papers Say; 1.15 Rock in the Dock; 2.15 Film - The Tender Years. Peaceful family life is shattered with the arrival of a neighbour who stages dog fights; 4.00 Too Close For Comfort; 4.30 to 5.00am America's Top 10. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 6.00 Central Lobby; 11.05 Return To Eden; 11.55 Film - Blazing Magnum. Stuart Whitman and Carole Laure in murder thriller; 1.55 Sportsworld; 2.50 The Time... The Place. .• 3.30 The Icicle W rks; 4.30. to 5.00am Central o Jobfinder '88. TVS 12.30 to 1.00 The Sullivans; 2.55 to 3.00 Emergency 999; 6.00 to 630 Coast to Coast; 10.35 Facing South; 11.05 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.00 Hodson Confidential; 12.30 Film Satan's Triangle. Kim Novak as the only survivor of mysterious death aboard a boat in the Devil's Triangle. With Doug McClure; 2.00 to 2.55 Sports Action Worldwide; 3.40 Quiz Night; 4.10 to 4.40am America's Top 10. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm Young Doctors; 2.55 to 3.00 Home Cookery Club; 6.00 to 6.30 Calendar; 10.40 Leeds Film Festival 100; 11.10 Film - The Music Man. Swindler turns good guy in 1912 Iowa. With Hermoine Gingold; 1.50am Love American Style; 2.00 News, P.O.V.; 3.00 Sledgehammer; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
MICHAEL RODD CAROL VORDERMAN 4: MAGNETIC PERSONALITIES Michael Rodd and Carol Vorderman discover how two of the greatest forces of nature, electricity and magnetism, are related. In a smelting plant there is a look at how huge magnets can be used to melt steel, and Michael explains how Dr Frankenstein made huge sparks climb into the air. With Fenella Hume. Linked to an Open College course, `Powerbase', price £99.95 or £119.94. For further information see billing for previous programme. Oracle subtitles page 888 PRODUCER/DIRECTOR LORNE MACORY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DALE LE VACK Blackrod Production
2.00pm Mighty Moments From World History PATRICK BARLOW ROBERT AUSTIN JACK ROTHSTEIN LAWRENCE OF ARABIA BY PATRICK BARLOW AND JUDE KELLY
Presented by The National Theatre of Brent Not even David Lean in his famous film could match the epic qualities of this production. t Desmond Olivier Dingle Patrick Barlow B ernard Robert Austin Mahmoud Pasha Ibnemouza Jack Rothstein DESIGNER MICHAEL MINAS DIRECTORS JUDE KELLY, JOHN STROUD PRODUCER ANDREW SNELL A n A rtifax Production
3.00pm A People's War 2: BLITZ Second in the series which looks at the impact of World War Two on people on the home front. In 1940 the bombs came. The government expected massive casualties and panic. The reality was different. Narrated by
GERALD PRIESTLAND LESLEY JUDD Gerald Priestland, BBC Religious Affairs Correspondent from 1977 to 1982, talks to Lesley Judd about his life and faith. PRODUCER BARRIE ALLCOTT DIRECTOR MARTIN SMITH CTV C Production
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One WILLIAM G STEWART Fifteen new contestants - up to 200 questions ready and answers required in 3 seconds.
5.00pm Baseball A review of this year's World Series presented by David Jensen in a repeat of Tuesday's late night programme. t
6.00pnt The Abbott and Costello Show THE CHIMP Pets are nice to have but when the landlord objects, you have a problem. Made in black and white
6.30 to 7.00pm NEW
The Sharp End CAROL BARNES The return of the current affairs series about people at work. Carol Barnes, as presenter, joins the teams examining the changes in the modern workplace, the issues behind this week's news and the trends that could make news in the future. With reporters Mark Mardell and Tina Jenkins, she will be testing the attitudes of company and union officials, personnel and training directors - and above all of people both in and out of work. This week: the first of several special reports from Hungary, where perestroika is now a way of life. PRODUCERS RICHARD MAYHEW SMITH, VIRGINIA ASHCOMBE, EMMA WILLIS DIRECTOR CHRIS HEALD EDITOR JOHN BRIDCUT Television V iewpointProduction
83
Flow long I ta to pay bac personal loan is completely up to me." Let's face it, you know how much you can afford to pay back each month better than we do. So, here at Lloyds Bank, we let you decide on your monthly repayments. On a loan of £2,000, they could be anything from £52.11 a month over five years, to £184.51 over twelve months. (1.6% per month, APR 20.9%.)
I REPAYMENTS FOR A £2,000 LOAN Total cost of Loan Monthly Repayments
12 months
£73.52
£52.11
That's with a very competitive interest rate and the option to pay off the loan earlier if you so wish. Lloyds Bank personal loans start at £500 and go up to ...well, however much you want really. All you have to do to apply is call into your local branch of Lloyds Bank and complete the formalities. We'll be able to give you a decision right away and credit your account while you're there. And of course, you'll have all the time in the world to pay it back.
For more information, call freephone 0800 400470 or fill in the coupon below.
r
efo: Ken Sankey, Lloyds Bank Plc, FREEPOST. London 5E1 2;. — Please send me further details and an application form for a Personal Loan.
1
POSTCODE I am'am not a customer of Lloyds Bank.
NT 1
Lloyds Bank
THE THOROUGHBRED ANK. Please note that the final monthly repayment and the total cost of your loan may vary slightly from the figures shown to allow for repayments made earlier or lacer than exact calendar months after the date the loan was opened. Written details of our credit terms are available on request. Lending is at the Bank's discretion and you must be 18 or over to apply. Advice on general insurance is provided by Lloyds Bank Insurance Services Limited. Lloyds Bank Plc is a member of IMRO. Lloyds Bank Plc, 71 Lombard Street, London EC3P 3BS.
I
THURSDAY matter brought to you each week by reporters Peter Gill, Julian Manyon, John Taylor and Denis Tuohy.
Anglia 7.30pm Chain Letters ANDREW O'CONNOR The compulsive word game where contestants are encouraged to make four-letter words! Andrew O'Connor helps the contestants to pit their wits against each other and Wordsworth, the computer, to win their way through to the Superchain final. Excitement is guaranteed as everything can be won on the last press of the buzzer. RESEARCH SIMON ROSS, AMANDA STEVENS DESIGN PETER BINGEMANN DIRECTOR MICHAEL METCALF PRODUCER CHRISTINE WILLIAMS Tyne Tees Television Production
8.00pm The Bill STOP AND SEARCH BY GEOFF McQUEEN
Special constables Ronnie Defoe and Mary Kilnair are learning the ropes at Sun Hill police station — but there's one little fact they would much rather not find out about. Oracle subtitles page 888 Sgt Cryer Eric Richard Pc Edwards Colin Blumenau Pc Smith Robert Hudson W pc A ckland Trudie Goodwin Pc Hollis Jeff Stewart Pc Haynes Eamonn Walker W pc Martella Nula Conwell SC Defoe Chris Samsworth W SC Kilnair Noreen Leighton W pc Brind Kelly Lawrence DI Burnside Christopher Ellison Roger Leach Sgt Penny Mr Baxter Ray Mort Kingsley I William Vanderpuye Junk ie Chris Pitt Kingsley 2 Sylvano Clarke DC Carver Mark Wingett Ch Supt Brownlow Peter Ellis Ch Insp Conway Ben Roberts Insp Frazer Barbara Thorn DC Lines Kevin Lloyd Liz Elsa O'Toole Doctor Daniel Moynihan DS Roach Tony Scannell DC Dash wood Jon Iles
PRODUCERS LORRAINE HEGESSEY, JONATHAN LEWIS, CHRIS OXLEY, STEPHEN SCOTT, ANNE TYERMAN, PAUL WOOLWICH EDITOR ROGER BOLTON Thames Television Production
9.00pm The Equalizer EDWARD WOODWARD THE INNERVIEW Harley Gage receives a job offer to work with Hassan El-Zayat as Director of Intelligence but McCall warns Gage that EI-Zayat's adjutant runs death squads. McCall takes Gage to a meeting with Karen Alden, a psychic whose visions about the Scrapbook Serial Killer led the police to his last victim. Karen then has a vision in which she is one of the killer's victims. Oracle subtitles page 888
McCall Edward Woodward Harley Gage
Richard Jordan Karen A lden Katherine Cortez Sara Hendricks Toni Kalem Jack Cutter Ray Gill Jarrett Paul Hipp Lt Kramer Ron Vawter Shadow man/Carl Lauder Terrence Mann
9.55pm Party Political Broadcast By the Conservative Party.
10.00pm News at Ten 10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather
10.35pm Frontiers DR MARY ARCHER ENERGY Reporters Bob Ledwidge and Su Ingle investigate the latest scientific research being carried out in the Anglia region — areas where the frontiers of knowledge are being extended. This week, Su Ingle looks at some exciting new projects designed to maximise our use of natural energy, and how that power is being harnessed at a time when fossil fuels start to run out. RESEARCHERS ANTOINETTE GRAVES, SARAH TOBIN DIRECTOR GIL EDGELEY EDITOR MALCOLM ALLSOP A nglia Television Production
11.05pm Carpenter's Craft DONALD PLEASENCE JAMIE LEE CURTIS HALLOWEEN The small town of Haddonfield in Illinois endures a night of error as deranged Michael Meyers, on the loose after escaping from an asylum, stalks the streets. His face covered by a chilling white mask, Michael becomes the 'Boogie Man' of children's Hallowe'en nightmares. See film guide, beginning page 42 Dr Loomis Donald Pleasence Laurie Jamie Lee Curtis A nnie Nancy Loomis Michael, aged 6 P J Soles Michael, aged 23 Tony Moran Brackett Charles Cyphers Lindsey Kyle Richards Tommy Brian Andrews Bob John Michael Graham Judy Meyers Sandy Johnson
TVTIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
12.45am Jethro Tull THIS IS... THE FIRST 20 YEARS One of rock's most original bands throughout the last two decades. Included in the programme are rare recordings from Sweden and America, and Ian Anderson's own views on why Jethro Tull have survived.
1.45am Pop Profile FLEETWOOD MAC ARE BACK... After the extraordinary album, Rumours, and the experimental Tusk, the band now feel they have gone through a period of selfexamination... followed by ITN News Headlines
2.00am Sportsworld KEITH DANIELL International boxing plus the final round of the world Superbike Championship from New Zealand. STUDIO DIRECTOR TONY COX PRODUCER JOHN DICKINSON Central Production
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.00am The Time.... The Place...
3.40am Kojak SIEGE OF TERROR Theo Kojak faces a twohour deadline in a daring effort to save the lives of five hostages held by a trio of desperate men.
DESIGNERS ROBIN PARKER, JILL REEDMAN EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PETER CREGEEN PRODUCER RICHARD BRAMALL DIRECTOR TERRY MARCEL Thames Television Production
The issues, the people and the stories that
SCREENPLAY JOHN CARPENTER, DEBRA HILL DIRECTOR JOHN CARPENTER
The programme that travels the country and lets you talk to the nation.
See page 116
8.30pm This Week
Boyfriend David Kyle Marion Nancy Stephens Graveyard keeper Arthur Malet Richie Mickey Yablans Lonnie Brent Le Page Keith Adam Hollander Robert Phalen Dr W ynn Laurie's father Peter Griffith The Shape Nick Castle
Theo Kojak Telly Savalas McNeil Dan Frazer Crocker Kevin Dobson Talaba Harvey Keitel James J Sloyan Murzie Jude Farese A mazeen
He shoots only when necessary. Edward W oodward plays McCall, alias 'The Equalizer': 9.00pm
4.35 to 5.00am Fifty Years On Vintage newsreel clips.
makes it to the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta. Campaign manager TJ Cavanaugh plans the convention strategy...
7.00pm Channel 4 News Oracle subtitles page 888
followed by
Weather 7.50pm Comment Another personel view.
8.00pm Hot Property JUDITH CHALMERS ANDY CRAIG This week — Costa Living. Andy Craig reports from Denia on the Costa Blanca on the boom in Brits buying a second home abroad. He has some useful advice about how to avoid the shady operators when buying a place in the sun. Hot Property continues to follow the fortunes of the Fitzpatrick family in the frustrating search for a new home. Judith Chalmers drops in on The Guccis at home in their medieval farmhouse in Sussex. For series booklet, send £1 to C4 address 1, page 75. DIRECTOR KEITH HALEY PRODUCER GEORGE MITCHELL Central Television Production
8.30pm A Different World RUDY AND THE SNOW QUEEN While visiting Denise at college, Rudy becomes fascinated with Whitley and begins to adopt some of the Southern belle's ways. Denise Lisa Bonet Cliff Bill Cosby Rudy Keshia Knight Pulliam Jaleesa Dawnn Lewis Maggie Marisa Tomei W hitley Jasmine Guy Dwayne Kadeem Hardison Stevie Loretta Devine Andr Jamal Williams JT Spencer John Woodward
9.00pm Tanner '88 BY CARRY TRUDEAU
MICHAEL MURPHY Final episode of the American satirical drama series about Jack Tanner, dark horse in the race for the Democratic nomination. The Tanner campaign
jack Tanner Michael Murphy TJ Cavanaugh Pamela Reed A lex Tanner Cynthia Nixon Stringer Kincaid Daniel Jenkins Emile Berkoff Jim Fyfe A ndrea Spinelli liana Levine Stevie Chevalier Sandra Bowie Barney Kittman Greg Procaccino Molly Hark
Veronica Cartwright
Deke Connors Matt Malloy Joanna Buckley Wendy Crewson John Tanner EG Marshall Bully Ridenhour Harry Anderson With the Rev Jesse Jackson, Andrew Young, Mayor of Atlanta, Jim Wright, Democratic National Convention Chairman, and Kitty Dukakis as themselves PRODUCERS ROBERT ALTMAN, GARRY TRUDEAU DIRECTOR'ROBERT ALTMAN Darkhorse Production
10.00pm True Stories: Grey Gardens Grey Gardens is the Long Island, New York, home of former socialites Edith Bouvier Beale, aunt of Jackie Onassis, and her daughter Edie. The 28room mansion has been allowed to decay so that it is now barely fit to live in. The two women have become completely eccentric but as they reminisce a picture emerges of their lives from their glittering days at the top of society, to the present. Oracle subtitles page 888 PRODUCER/DIRECTORS DAVID MAYSLES, ALBERT MAYSLES Portrait Films Production
11.50 to 2.00am Alpine Fire A film about a family who live on an isolated alpine farm in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The daughter, Belli, has given up any hope of a job as a teacher down in the valleys, and instead concentrates on trying to educate her deaf brother. A Swiss film with English subtitles. See film guide, beginning page 42 The boy Thomas Nock Belli Johanna Lier Mother Dorothea Moritz Father Rolf Illig Grandmother Tim Breidenbach Grandfather Joerg Odermatt SCREENPLAY/DIRECTOR FREDI M MURER
85
'NEW STYLIST. •ST_ GE HEATERS.
with style • With totally co-ordinated designs, across a
Economical heating downstairs.
complete range of heaters. It takes electric heating
'NEW STYLIST. .E.__HEATER, S • •PA N&Th
a whole step forward! There's a heater for every need, in every home. And it's all in the new catalogue. Along with all DRIPLEI ifE ir/1G the established Dimplex favourites. gsfai Ask for your copy now.
.. .0, • „„
ORDERLINE NOW OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK MONDAY•FRIDAY 8am-8pm
FREE!52-PAGE COLOUR CATALOGUE!
Attractive slimline heatin • upstairs.
•NEW STYLIST. -FAN HEATERS.
BROCHU E LINE For a free cata ogue and list of stockists 'phone 0727/3450 anytime 24 hours a day. Or post this coupon.
SATURDAY-SUNDAY 9am-5pm
Send me the new Dinrplex Catalogue
-NEW STYLIST'RADIANT FIRES.
I'm OVER 18 I'D LOVE TO APPLY FOR YOUR LATEST FREEMANS CATALOGUE
Name
A focal poin fire with stunning Optiglo effect.
E Dimplexi
ToDimplex Heating Ltd., Customer Liaison Dept., FREEPOST, Southampton S091BD. All
the warmth you need
'
L
Easiest way to beat stairs. Mum or Dad just sits or stands and glides up and down in complete safety. Saves moving or alterations. Thousands benefiting. See a Stannah stairlift working. Meet satisfied users. Push-button control. Straight or curved staircases. Installed in hours. No mess. Folds back. Nationwide service. Meets British Standards of Safety. Post coupon now.
Lynn Faulds Wood appeals on behalf of the National Eczema Society on ITV, Sunday, 23rd October at 6.40 prn. The skin disease ECZEMA affects 1 in 10 of the population. Do you suffer from eczema? The NES gives practical information and advice. Do you have a relative or friend with eczema? Would you like to help them?
SUPERIOR
annaii
L FREE 0800 300 456
am interested in the following Saga Holidays: UK:Star Rated Hotels 0 Traditional Seaside Hotels 0 University &CollegeCentres HolidayCentres 0 Short Breaks 0 Coach Tours 0 Christmas 0 OVERSEAS: Europe & the Mediterranean 0 Winter Sun 0 Long Haul ID Cruises 00verseasCoachTours ❑ I am also interested in Religious Tours 0
2
iPHONE ^ 01-582 9222 OUOTE REFERENCE F61 A SPECIAL INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE IS AVAILABLE FOR OVERSEAS CUSTOMERS PLEASE SEND L5 FOR YOUR COPY.
Stairs no longer a problem for Mum or Dad
For advice and information on every aspect of holidays for the over 60's, talk direct from the comfort of your own home to the people who plan them especially for you. Call FREE OF CHARGE between 9.30am and 7pm weekdays, and 9.30am and 1 pm on Saturdays. Alternatively, send the reply-paid coupon below.
Your FREE 1988/89 colour brochures are available ONLY from Saga. Request them FREE OF CHARGE by post or phone, then browse at leisure for the holiday of your dreams.
i@Gia@o ...I
Over 60 and going places
To: Saga Holidays Ltd, FREEPOST, Folkestone, Kent CT20 I BR. No stamp is required.
F66 5
Please send FREE colour brochure
Name Address I
Phone Now please post — no stamp needed — to:
Stannah Stairlifts National HQ, Dept8266 FREEPOST, Andover, SP10 3BR • Tel. (0264) 332244 (24 his).
I
VISA EMMEN
A donation from you would enable the NES to: * EXTEND SERVICES — for today's eczema victims. * FUND MORE RESEARCH — to find the causes and a CURE. For more information or to make a donation, please contact: The National Eczema Society PO Box 282 London WC1H 9JS Tel. 01 388 4097 (Access or Visa Card holders)
.1
FRIDAY Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News BRENDA ROWE
6.00 TV-am The Morning Programme
Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. What's been happening and what's going to happen - find out with all the latest news from Gordon Honeycombe, sports results and financial reports in Money Matters. 7.00 Good Morning Britain
Anne Diamond and Mike Morris examine the issues of the day with studio guests. Plus, halfhourly news bulletins with Gordon Honeycombe.
family. Phone us on the air on 051-555 1000. Special features on today's programme include: 11.00 to 11.10 Cash Shop Explores some of the financial problems facing women of today.
11.45 to 11.55 Makers Jan Leeming looks at popular crafts.
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot.
12.10pm Rainbow CARING FOR OTHERS George isn't very well today and has to stay in bed. Geoffrey is so busy caring for George and Bungle and Zippy that he gets quite worn out himself. Lines and shapes by Brian Cosgrove and Mark Hall. WRITER GEOFFREY HAYES DIRECTOR DAPHNE SHAD WELL
9.00 Wacaday
Timmy Mallett rounds off the week with more adventures from Wales, plus competitions, games and stories.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY This morning is your last chance to watch a lively edition of this travel quiz. Richard Madeley will be piloting our last three contestants towards the final Runway round, in the hope that we can go out on a high, and one of them can take off on a holiday!
12.30pm Santa Barbara The memorial service for Summer (Donna Leigh Stack) begins with most of the principal players in attendance, including Peter (Stephen Meadows) who has slipped into a confessional box.
ITN News at One JULIA SOMERVILLE
1.20pm Anglia News
1.00pm On Course
and Weather
ANNA FORD KHALID AZIZ Live from Channel Four's own studio, Anna Ford and Khalid Aziz keep you in touch with the Open College. First, On Course for Success provides news, events and advice for Open College learners, including The Guide to Open Learning with Audrey Shanks; Bulletin Board - latest college events; and In Depth, new courses - are they right for you. At 1.25pm The Training Programme keeps training professionals up to date. From ET to CBT, IV to OC, the programme gets behind the jargon, including Training in A ction; Business End, what training means to a major figure from business and industry; and Toolkit, Hilary Whiteley and the team dissect open learning. You can ring On Course live on 01-436 4771, or write to On Course, Diverse Production, 6 Gorleston Street, London W14 8XS.
1.30pm Gardens For All TERRY UNDERHILL with MARILYN WHITE POTTING SHED If you have ever wanted to grow prize-winning vegetables then learn some of the secrets of successful showing from Terry's guest Clarence Thomas. Marilyn visits top fuchsia exhibitor Fred Collett. For a free information sheet send a large sae to Gardens For A ll, Anglia TV, Anglia House, Norwich NR1 3JG. DIRECTOR JEFF BOOTH TSW Production
2.00pm A Country Practice Simon is busy trying to decide where to go on holiday. Bob and Cookie believe they have stumbled across a magic cure that will make them rich. Simon Bob Cookie V icky
Grant Dodwell Gordon Piper Syd Heylen Penny Cook
and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Another edition of the live show in which Mike Scott travels the country and lets his studio audience discuss a topical subject in the news. PRODUCER JULIE CLIVE
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY with JAN LEEMING The magazine show that takes a lively look at the home and the
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Half-term repeats of last week's programmes.
9.30 Start the Day What I'd like to be: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
9.35 Swings and Roundabouts (Ulster only)
Birds of a feather: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
9.42 Picture Box The Kingfisher. Repeat of Wednesday's programme.
9.59 How We Used To Live Easter Holiday: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
10.21 Chemistry in Action Limestone: Experiments and demonstrations for GCSE and A-level students.
10.43 Geography Today Coastal Dunes: A study of sand-dunes
11.05 Going Places People and Work: Classifying jobs and looking at how things are made.
11.22 Our World Talking With Your Hands: Repeat of Thursday's programme.
SERIES PRODUCER PAUL CAMPBELL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PHILIP CLARKE Diverse Production
11.39 Mathematical Eye
2.55 to 3.00pm Home Cookery Club CRUMBLY FUDGE For full details, send a large sae to The Home Cookery Club, PO Box 690, London SW1P 4AZ.
Richard Madeley runs the Runway' traffic at 9.25am
9.55am Anglia News
Measurements: Repeat of Wednesday's programme.
11.39 History at Hand (Scottish/Grampian/Border)
The Grand Canals: Repeat of Monday's programme.
12.00noon The Parliament Programme GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART Coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament, with live interviews, sound coverage of the proceedings of the House of Commons and television coverage of the House of Lords. Reporters are Sue Cameron and Nicholas Woolley.
12.30pm Business Daily DAMIAN GREEN Britain's only daily business and financial TV news service. The FTSE 100 index and the ÂŁ/$ rate come to the screen direct from City computers and there is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the morning. With Damian Green, lain Carson, Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
2.00 to 4.10pm Strangers When We Meet KIRK DOUGLAS KIM NOVAK ERNIE KOVACS BARBARA RUSH WALTER MATTHAU HELEN GALLAGHER Larry Coe is an architect who apparently has everything a man could possibly want. Besides a highly promising career, he has a nice home, a beautiful wife and cute children. But when the next-doorneighbour turns out to be an extremely attractive blonde, the architect's moral standards fly straight out of the window. It isn't very long before highly organised secret meetings are taking place between the architect and his blonde neighbour... See film guide, beginning page 42 Larry Coe
Kirk Douglas
Maggie Gault Kim Novak Roger A ltar Ernie Kovacs Eve Coe Barbara Rush Felix A nders
Walter Matthau
Betty A nders Helen Gallagher Stanley Baxter Kent Smith SCREENPLAY EVAN HUNTER DIRECTOR RICHARD QUINE
.A. gumA1 -
ITV 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News and Weather 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Rainbow 12.30 Santa Barbara 1.00pm ITN News 1.20 Anglia News and Weather 1.30 Gardens For All 2.00 A Country Practice 2.55 Home Cookery Club 3.00 Take the High Road 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 Sons and Daughters 4.00 Scooby Doo 4.10 Crush A Grape 4.45 Freetime 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 7.00 Family Fortunes 7.30 Me & My Girl 8.00 Beauty and the Beast 9.00 A Taste For Death 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia Late News 10.35 Anglia Live 11.35 Film: The Desperate Miles 1.00am The James Whale Radio Show 2.00 Night Network 4.00 Baseball '88
C4 9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 On Course 2.00 Film: Strangers When We Meet 4.10 Film: The Three Stooges 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 Scarecrow and Mrs King 5.55 Murun Buchstansangur 6.00 Redbrick 7.00 C4 News, Weather 7.55 Book Choice 8.00 Irish Reel: Learning To Lose? 9.00 The Golden Girls 9.30 A Houseful of Plants 10.00 Whose Line is it Anyway? 10.30 The Last Resort 11.20 Halfway to Paradise 12.20am Film: Fat Angels 2.10 Close
87
JET BLACK. ONE OF TH
NEW METROS.
METRO 1.0 JET BLACK Total cash price £5,998.00* *Price correct at time of going to press. Includes estimated cost of 12 month's Road Tax, number plates and delivery. Subject to vehicle availability.
Minimum Deposit
Charge fct Total Amount Credit Payable
11.9% APR 1,199.60
Flexible Finance is available on every new Metro car. Which means getting out
CE PLAN
covered by a trade-in on your old car). And you can also choose your own
and about in one is as easy as getting it
repayment schedule. What's more, the
into a parking space.
sclme includethe exciting special edition
Witrifigaillilance
the size of your deposit (it could well be
JetgAAgtio
and its Red Hot twin. 42)
The new Metros. They fit any pocket.
5, CD,
9.7% APR 801.44 8,495.44
8.2% APR 576.88 8,270.88
Available to anyoneaged 18 or Overthrough Austin Rover Finance Ltd.,100 Stratford Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands B90 3BH. These finance plans are not available through the Employee Purchase Plan. ** An Administration Fee of £10 is added to the first payment.
eto
FRIDAY 5.55pm Murun Buchstansangur More adventures with the mucky little creature, who lives in a crack in the kitchen.
Anglia 3.00pm Take the High Road
4.10pm The Three Stooges
Dougal is suffering a deep hunger for meat. He's just not coping With the culture clash. Fiona is learning how long, lonely and sad can be the road she finds herself on. Everyone gets hurt, not just her father. Brian talks to Sorry and we all learn something very surprising indeed. Lady Bill comforts Joanna.
PUNCH DRUNKS
For cast, see W ednesday WRITER PETER MAY DIRECTOR FIONA CUMMING
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm Sons and Daughters Glen falls for Susan's ploy and believes she and Wayne are seeing each other. For cast, see W ednesday
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
Scooby Doo A FIT NIGHT OUT FOR BATS
A flat tyre on a rainy night sends Shaggy and the zany dogs for help to a nearby Victorian mansion. The vampiretype inhabitants appear friendly, but our friends soon learn that they plan to have them for dinner - literally.
4.10pm Crush A Grape STU FRANCIS Nikki Ellen Linda Nolan Charlie Cairoli special guest Ward Allen and Roger the Dog Will Stu Francis become the next James Bond? Will Charlie Cairoli become the next gold finger? Will Nikki and Linda become Bond girls? Where do Ward Allen and Roger the Dog come into this? Confused? You won't be if you join Stu and all the gang and Crush
ME
7.30pm Me & My Girl
The Stooges are in the prizefighting game - and with some success. Curly is their fighting man and, every time Larry plays Pop Goes the W easel on the violin, Curly becomes a fighting maniac.
BY COLIN BOSTOCK-SMITH
Made in black and white
RICHARD O'SULLIVAN TIM BROOKE-TAYLOR
See film guide, beginning page 42
WHEN YOU'RE SMILING
with Moe Howard, Larry Fine, Curly Howard, Dorothy Granger and Arthur Housman
Spend some Treetime i at Drusilla's Zoo with Tristan owl's advice at 4.45pm
A Grape - it's licensed to thrill. DESIGNER IAN REED ASSOCIATE PRODUCER TONY NICHOLSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PAUL CORLEY PRODUCER/DIRECTOR HARRY KING Border Television Production
4.45pm Freetime ANDI PETERS Steel bands, aerobics, mask-making, and mural painting - join Andi and guest star Andrea Arnold from Motormouth for lots of fun down at the local play centre. Follow some animal lovers who spend their free time helping out at a zoo and take a trip round New York with 11-year-old Sally Foster. RESEARCH JAYANA AUSTIN, MEGAN LANDLER, EMMA WAKEFIELD PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BRIAN SIMMONS ASSOCIATE PRODUCER KATE CARGIN PRODUCER KATE MARLOW Thames Television Production
ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES/LWT 1.30prn Casting
Off; 2.00 to 2.55 The Bill; 6.15 to 7.00 Friday Now; 10.35 London Programme; 11.05 to 1.00am Film - The Triple Echo.WW2 subterfuge with Glenda Jackson and Oliver Reed. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 1.30 to 2.00 Gardening Time; 2.55 to 3.00 The Vet; 10.35 Central Weekend; 12.05 to 1.00 Kojak; 2.00 Film - An Eye for an Eye. Chuck Norris stare as ex-undercover narcotics policeman still chasing drugs smugglers; 4.00 to 5.00am Live 'n' Loud. TVS 12.30 to 1.00 A Country Practice; 2.00 to 3.00 Rags to Riches; 3.30 to 4.00 The Young Doctors; 6.00 Coast to Coast: 6.35 to 7.00 Time Out; 10.35 Hunter; 11.30 Police Squad; 1.00 to 2.00 `V'; 4.05 Facing South; 4.35 to 5.00am Jack Thompson Down Under. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm Young Doctors; 1.30 to 3.00 Film
5.15pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS The last chance of this week for someone to make an attempt on the Blockbusters Gold Run trail.
ITN News at 5.45 FIONA ARMSTRONG Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia HELEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES Switch on for the programme that's really regional. People, places, controversies and curiosities, they're all in today's edition. Gerry Harrison and Stuart Jerrold bring you news, action and comment on the region's sports. Helen McDermott has your letters, comments and criticisms in W rite Now. Send your letters to W rite Now, Anglia Television, Anglia House, Norwich NR1 3JG. Also Patrick's Pantry with another helping of food, fun and Irish blarney. John Bacon presents today's news. Plus, a look at the weekend weather.
7.00pm Family Fortunes
Film - The Death of Me Yet.
LES DENNIS The Morris family from Carmarthen play the Ward family from Kent. Les Dennis mixes facts and fun, the teams play for ÂŁ3000. Produced in association with Mark Goodson and Talbot Television.
Small-town newspaper editor haunted by his past - in the form of a Russian assassin; 12.00 to 1.00 Kojak; 4.00 to 5.00am News followed by Night Heat.
DESIGNER RICHARD PLUMB DIRECTOR MIKE HOLGATE PRODUCER TONY WOLFE Central Production
- The Brave Don't Cry.1952
Scottish drama of 118 men trapped for 36 hours in a gasfilled coal mine; 6.00 Calendar; 6.30 to 7.00 Living it Up; 10.35
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Another episode from this sit-com about a father and his teenage daughter. A silent Simon worries everyone. Daughter Sam and others try to cheer him up, but he's not listening. And if he doesn't listen when everything's all right, what happens when everything goes wrong? Derek Tim Brooke-Taylor Liz Joanne Campbell Simon Richard O'Sullivan Sandra Clark Isobel Samantha Joanne Ridley
SCREENPLAY MOE HOWARD LARRY FINE, CURLY HOWARD DIRECTOR LOU BRESLOW
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One Quiz show.
5.00pm Scarecrow and Mrs King VIGILANTE MOTHERS
DESIGNER MARGARET HOWAT PRODUCER/DIRECTOR JOHN REARDON DIRECTOR NIC PHILLIPS LW T Production
The theft of a deadly nerve gas that could help conquer the world sends Lee and Amanda in search of a ruthless killer.
8.00 to 9.00pm Beauty and the Beast
A manda King Kate Jackson Lee 'Scarecrow' Stetson Bruce Boxleitner Dotty Beverly Garland Billy Melrose Mel Stewart Martha Smith Francine Paul Stout Philip Greg Morton Jamie
LINDA HAMILTON RON PERLMAN ROY DOTRICE The classic tale of unrequited love updated. Set on the island of Manhattan, the series focuses on the adventures of a beautiful prosecuting attorney, Catherine Chandler, and a powerful man/beast, Vincent, who lives in the vast labyrinth beneath New York city. Vincent saved Catherine's life and has become her friend and protector.
6.00pm Redbrick 1: JOIN THE CIRCUS
Another chance to see the series of 12 films looking behind the scenes at a year in the lives of the people of Newcastle University. It is the summer of 1985. Three young men battle through interviews for the post of lecturer in the Politics Department. Meanwhile, two teenagers, Chris Massey from Leicester and Joanne Travers from East London, share with friends their hopes and dreams as they prepare to start life at university. Oracle subtitles page 888 ASSOCIATE PRODUCER ALEX MURCHIE DIRECTOR DAVID THOMASSON PRODUCER STEPHEN GARRETT Tyne Tees Television Production
7.00pm Channel 4 News Oracle subtitles page 888
followed by
Weather 7.55 to 8.00pm Book Choice Historian and biographer John Grigg reviews the first volume of the authorised biography of Harold Macmillan by Alistair Home. Oracle subtitles page 888 EDITOR MIRIAM GROSS Channel 4 Production
London teenager Joanne Travers prepares for a new experience: Newcastle University. 6.00pm
Catherine Chandler Linda Hamilton V incent Ron Perlman Roy Dotrice Father Ren Woods Edie Joe Maxwell Jay Acovone Elliot Burch Edward Albert Mouse David Grenlee James Avery W inslow Mary Rutanya Aida Pascal Armin Shimerman
sure to \/7 Be place a VIM v regular order
89
AND FRUITY
AND FRESH
THE RED WINES OF SPAIN ARE MAKING MORE AND MORE FRIENDS. SO YOU MAY WELL HAVE COME ACROSS SOME WELL-BRED AND DISTINGUISHED RIOJAS. BUT HAVE YOU ENCOUNTERED THE RICH, FULL-BODIED, OAK-AGED RED WINES FROM THE
PENEDES REGION NEAR BARCELONA? THERE'S ALSO A REGION THAT IS LITTLE KNOWN IN BRITAIN, CALLED
RIBERA DEL DUERO, THAT CAN PROVE VASTLY REWARDING. ITS DEEP, RUBY RED WINES ARE BOTH SMOOTH AND ELEGANT.
/1
OR THERE ARE THE WONDERFULLY LIGHT AND FRUITY WINES OF THE HISTORICAL PYRENEAN KINGDOM OF NAVARRA, AND THE ANCIENT VALDEPENAS VINEYARDS ON THE PLAIN OF LA MANCHA. THEN DOWN ON THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST, IN WHAT'S KNOWN AS THE GARDEN OF SPAIN, YOU'LL FIND THE YOUNG AND FRESH REDS OF VALENCIA. NOW ISN'T IT TIME YOU GOT TO KNOW THESE QUALITY WINES FROM SPAIN A LOT BETTER?
TO BE TASTED. 22 MANCHESTER SQ. LONDON ' ,Xi M TAP.
FRIDAY Anglia 9.00pm A Taste For Death BY P D JAMES DRAMATISED BY ALICK ROWE
ROY MARSDEN WENDY HILLER FIONA FULLERTON PENNY DOWNIE The bizarre death of Sir Paul Berowne has brought his family's problem out into the open as Dalgliesh questions the household to try and determine whether it was murder or suicide. He is particularly interested in Lady Ursula's young nurse, Theresa, who appears to have been the dead man's confidante. Theresa knows something that has made her afraid.. .
in the middle of the season of ghosts and ghouls. A recent survey showed that more than half the population of Britain still believes in ghosts. A nglia Live gets on the trail of the supernatural, and there is a spooky song from Jon Benns and Bill Zorn. RESEARCHERS RICHARD BONSER, PHILLIPPA ROBINSON, MICHAEL TALBOT, SARAH TOBIN DIRECTOR GIL EDGELEY PRODUCER MALCOLM ALLSOP
A nglia Television Production
11.35pm The Desperate Miles TONY MUSANTE JOANNA PETTET A disabled Vietnam War veteran, determined to prove that handicapped people are not helpless, goes on a gruelling 130-mile journey in a wheelchair — an
Ent
Oracle subtitles page 888 A dam Dalgliesh Roy Marsden Lady Ursula Berowne Wendy Hiller Barbara Berowne Fiona Fullerton Kate Miskin Penny Downie Emily W harton Avril Elgar Father Barnes Oliver Ford Davies Dominic Swayne Matthew Marsh Sarah Berowne Kate Buffery Ivor Garrod Rob Spendlove Theresa Nolan Rebecca Saire Evelyn Matlock Gabrielle Lloyd Gordon Hailiwell Derek Newark Mrs Nolan Pauline Delany Mr Nolan Kevin Stoney A lan Scully Terence Edmond Gran Constance Chapman A sst Commissioner Nichols David McAlister Miles Kynaston John Ringham Melvin Sam Smart Tracy Kim Benson Reporter Paul Lowther Policeman Bob Appleby
eventful trip in which his life is threatened by a paranoid truck driver. See film guide, beginning page 42
There are studio guests, humour and music with James' TV and radio audience having instant access to him via the telephone on 0532 461000.
Joe Larkin Tony Musante Ruth Merrick Joanna Pettet Mrs Larkin Jeannette Nolan Jill Lynn Loring Dr Bryson John Larch Ruiz Pepe Zerna Ted Michael Richardson Lou Shelly Novack Al Richard Reicheg Mr Rhodes Stacy Keach Snr Truck driver John Chandler with John Elerick, Kathy Cronkite, Previs Atkins
PRODUCTION TEAM MELANIE BENTLEY, VERNON GRANT, CHANTAL RICKARDS, MIKE PEARSON, GRAEME POLLARD PRODUCER IAN BOLT
Y orkshire Television Production
followed by ITN News Headlines
TELEPLAY ARTHUR ROSS, JOEL ROGOSIN DIRECTOR DANIEL HALLER
1.00am The James Whale Radio Show
2.00 to 4.00am Night Network
With legends in their own bed time James Whale is one of the most popular lateMICK BROWN night radio broadcasters PAUL THOMPSON in Great Britain. TV and THE BEATLES radio are brought TIM WESTWOOD together from the Leeds TOM WATT studios of Radio Aire. THE MONKEES MBTV : a magazine of music and news with Mick Brown and guests. Sing-a-long with another fabulous Beatles cartoon. Join Tim Westwood for his fortnightly rap show broadcast from the pirate radio ship N Sign anchored off the coast of East Anglia. Plus live music and competitions. The address for your competition entries is: LWT, PO Box 90, London SE1 9PR. followed by ITN News Headlines
4.00 to 5.00am Baseball '88 BOSTON REDSOCKS v OAKLAN'S A'S
\ n © Independent m e g Television LI 1J PublicatMnsLtd 1988
In Hallowe'en mood: K athleen Eatherton, Dick Condon, Jane Sunderland and Rose Gray. l0.35pm
Reproduction in whole or in part, without permission, of any of the programme details published in this issue is strictly forbidden.
DESIGNER SPENCER CHAPMAN PRODUCER JOHN ROSENBERG DIRECTOR JOHN DAVIES
A nglia Television Production
10.00pm News at Ten 10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather 10.35pm Anglia Live MALCOLM ALLSOP LUCY MEACOCK Hallowe'en is almost upon us, and we are slap
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Insp Dalgliesh (Roy Marsden) questions quiet Theresa (Rebecca Saire) in 'A Taste For Death' 7 0
NaINNINIMIVA
-,
update of plant care knowledge in Plant of the W eek. For series booklet send £1.50 to C4 address 1, page 75. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER KAY PRODUCERS JACKIE BENNwrI', ROSEMARY FORGAN
Bamboo Production
8.00pm Irish Reel: Learning To Lose? This week's film looks at the Emerald Isle — a land of Saints and Scholars, a country with some of the best educated young people in Europe. But the education systems in Ireland are failing to deliver the people that they need to survive in the world outside of the classroom. Learning to Lose? shows how people are being failed in real terms. Many of them are fighting back in an effort to regain what they have lost. Commentary by Damian Gorman. EDITOR GARETH DAVY PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BRENDAN HUGHES SERIES PRODUCER DAVID HAMMOND
DBA Television, Belfast
9.00pm The Golden Girls THE ARTIST Blanche has some exciting news — her artist friend Laszlo has asked her to pose for one of his sculptures. Oracle subtitles page 888 Dorothy Bea Arthur Sophia Estelle Getty Blanche Rue McClanahan Rose Betty White Laszlo Tony Jay
9.30pm NEW A Houseful of Plants FLOELLA BENJAMIN MICHAEL JORDAN Return of the successful weekly series on indoor plants — not only how to grow them but offering inspiration for creating the ultimate indoor garden. There's a weekly visit to Dr Chris Fairweather's popular Plant Doctor surgery — this week the hapless John Ayres seeks the advice of his five foot Yucca. For green-fingered advice nearer home there's a computer programme that can select the right plant for any corner of the house. Moving further afield to the Cote d'Azur, a totally unique method of making beautiful big, terracotta pots is discovered. Plus an
10.00pm Whose Line Is It Anyway? John Sessions and his guests totter and sway precariously amidst a volley of audience suggestions, and chairman Clive Anderson pretends to hold the safety net. See page 103 DIRECTOR PAUL O'DELL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DENISE O'DONOGHUE PRODUCER DAN PATTERSON
Hat Trick Production
10.30pm The Last Resort with JONATHAN ROSS and STEVE NIEVE AND THE PLAYBOYS Music!! Comedy!! Special guests!! Too many exclamation marks!!! PRODUCER KATIE LANDER DIRECTOR PETER ORTON
Channel X Production
11.20pm Halfway to Paradise Tonight, music from the Jimmy Somerville Orchestra and new American country stars The Waggoners. Plus Scottish post punk novelist Martin Millar, a profile on real soul music from Red Rose Radio and why Glasgow has the funniest taxi drivers in Britain. EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PADDY HIGSON PRODUCER STUART COSGROVE DIRECTOR DON COUTTS
Big Star in a W ee Picture Production
12.20 to 2.10am Fat Angels
i=i
Through a Lonely Hearts column. Mike and Mary become penfriends and, in an equal state of insecure panic, exchange photographs... See film guide, beginning page 42 Mike Mary Frank A llison Jackie
Farnham Scott January Stevens jack Aaron Amy Steel Robert Reynolds
SCREENPLAY JOSEPH GONZALEZ, MANUEL SUMMERS, CHUMMY CHAVEZ, LEON ICHAZO DIRECTOR MANUEL SUMMERS
91
PHILIPS
PHILIPS
FIVE DAYS IN ANY OTHER FRIDGE AND IT WOULDN'T LOOK SO GOOD_ Beautifullyfresh fish after five days. Could your present fridge offer such a guarantee? Or the promise that fillets of beef will still be succulently fresh after six days? The secret of these extended storage times lies in the
to three times quicker than normal after the door has been opened. So milk and cheese etc. stay fresher, longer. Another advantage with the Philips frost free system is that it freezes food much faster — retaining more of its
special 0°C compartment, as can be found only in the new
nutritional value. And, as the name suggests, it is so efficient
revolutionary all frost free Philips ARG 610 fridge freezer.
that defrosting is defunct. The only ice in this freezer are the
Philips, recognising that the ideal storage temperature for meat and fish is 0°C (a temperature
cubes for your gin and tonic. And, for a single payment of {10 when you
not available in conventional fridges), developed
buy the appliance, you can enjoy a ten-year Lifetime.
the frost free system for fridge and freezer. In
Parts Guarantee to assure the future of your fridge
storing fish and meat at this 0°C chill temperature,
freezer into the bargain.
bacterial growth is slowed down dramatically. Two thermostats also constantly regulate
The new frost free fridge freezer from Phil ips. Guaranteed to keep your fresh meat and fresh fish
the temperatures inside the fridge and freezer
in brill condition long after conventional
They provide a return to the ideal temperature up
fridge freezers have started to flounder.
THE PHILIPS FROST FREE FRIDGE FREEZER. ITS FUTURE'S GUARANTEED. AVAILABLE FROM CURRY'S. KETTS. E P LEES. HOUSE OF FRASER. JOHN LEWIS. ALLDERS. MILLER BROTHERS. TOWER RADIO. SELECTED ELECTRICITY BOARDS AND YOUR LOCAL INDEPENDENT DEALER
The wonders of Venice
ere's your chance to dine your way around the world and win a fabulous holiday for two in historic Mexico, magical Venice or fascinating India. In this week's free-toenter competition, TV Times, in association with Fray Bentos, is offering three first prize winners an unforgettable Thomas Cook holiday to any of these exotic locations and there are Thomas Cook weekend breaks for five runners-up. And even if you're not lucky enough to be one of these eight holiday winners, you can still save money on your food shopping bill with our 10p-off voucher for Fray Bentos Ready Meals. Fray Bentos, a top household name for nearly a century, has come up with three exciting ready meals encapsulating flavours from across the globe - Beef Curry, Bolognese and Chilli Con Came. All three dishes are made from best quality beef, vegetables and an original blend of herbs and spices. So, while you contemplate these mouth-watering dishes, try our competition - you could end up eating your curry in India, chilli in Mexico or bolognese in Italy! Win -
PRIZES The three first prize winners choose from a 15-day classical tour of Mexico, a 13-day escorted journey through India, or a relaxing fortnight in Venice. If you opt for Mexico, you'll be taken from the bustle of Mexico City to the glorious East Coast beaches via some of the world's most fascinating archaeological sites, including the Mayan ruins at Palenque and the holy city of Chichen Itza. Or, perhaps you would prefer to discover the jewels of India from the exciting city of Delhi to the magnificent Taj Mahal, and the splendours of Jaipur with its fabled Palace of the Winds and Amber Fort. For something nearer home, what could be more delightful than two weeks amid the treasures and pleasures of Venice? With its wealth of art and fabulous architecture, built around an intricate network of canals and alleyways, Venice is a breathtaking city that can't fail to delight. Visit the Doges' Palace and the Bridge of Sighs, the Basilica of St Mark's and the
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
HOW TO ENTER
Delicious flavours from round the world
All you have to do is match the six dishes listed right to their country of origin. For example, if you think that Sushi comes from India, then write A under I on the coupon and so on. Then add your name and address and send it to TVTimes Rialto Bridge, or simply sit Fray Bentos Competition, and watch the gondolas PO Box 502, Leicester, LEW glide by. OAD, to arrive not later than The three first-prize Friday 4 November 1988. holidays are for two people The senders of the first and each includes return three correct entries flights, accommodation in examined after the closing first-class hotels with date will each be awarded breakfast, and £500 spend- a holiday for two in either ing money. Mexico, India or Venice. Five runners-up will each The next five correct receive a Thomas Cook entries will each win a weekend break for two in weekend break for two in either Amsterdam, Paris, Amsterdam, Paris, Venice Venice or Milan with £100 or Milan, spending money spending money. is also included.
F BENTOS
1 Sushi 2 Tagliatelle 3 Bartsch 4 Moussaka 5 Samosa 6 Enchilada
COUNTRIES A India B Italy C Mexico
D Greece
E Russia F japan
The competition is open to anyone aged. 18 and over who is resident in the UK, except employees and their families of Independent Television Publications Ltd, TVTimes printers, ITV programme companies, and any other companies connected with this competition. The holidays must be taken by 31 December 1989 and are subject to availbUity. No cash substitute for prizes. The decision of the Editor is final. The winners will be =tined by post. A list of winners is available on receipt of a sae, sent separately from your entry, to TIrTimesi Fray Bentos Winners, PP Box 506, Leicester, LE99 °AFL
FT* TT7Tintes Pray Banos Competition, PO Box 502, Leicester LD99 OAD
1 2 3 4 5 6
U
OFF n tit
L
20 THE CUSTOMER This coupon may only be used towards the purchase of any Fray Bentos Ready MeaL One coupon per purchase. It must not be used towards the purchase of any other product. Offer closes 31 March 1989
Fray Bentos Bolognese, Chilli Con f e and L am
Tt) THE RETAILER This coupon will be redeemed at hill face value if it has been presented as part ;payment for the named product. This coupon should be sent to: Fray Bantus Coupon Dept 119 (NCH). Corby. Northants NNI7 INN by 30 April 1989 01112882
_J
Postcode BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE Closing date , 4 November 1988
93
❑
Elevenses Fruit and nut biscuit thins with a coating of plain chocolate. Makes approx 20 2oz/50g butter 2oz/50g sugar 1/zoz/15g glace cherries, chopped 1/2oz/15g mixed peel 2oz/50g flaked almonds loz/25g angelica, chopped ltbsp double cream 6oz/175g plain chocolate, broken into squares
Melt butter, add sugar and bring to the boa Remove from heat and add fruit and nuts. Stir in cream. Place teaspoons of mixture on a buttered baking sheet leaving plenty of room to spread. Bake in batches until all the mixture has been used up. Bake at Gas 4, 350°F/180°C until golden. Remove from oven and scoop into rounds with a round pastry cutter, or palette knife. Remove from tray and leave to set until hard. Melt chocolate in a bowl over a pan of simmering water. Carefully spread chocolate over undersides of florentines. Leave until chocolate has set.
Funny Faces A favourite snack for kids, these fun biscuits are cheap and easy to make. The children can help decorate the faces by sticking on the cherry noses. Makes approx 15 Biscuits: 8oz/225g plain flour 5oz/150g butter 6oz/175 caster sugar 1 egg, beaten
Icing: 1 egg white Toz/200g icing sugar, sifted 1-2tsp lemon juice glace cherries to decorate
Sieve flour into a bowl and nib in butter to breadcrumb stage. Stir in sugar. Bind mixture with enough egg to make a smooth but stiff dough. Wrap and chill for 30min. Roll out biscuit mix on a lightly floured surface and cut into rounds. Place on a baking sheet and bake at Gas 6, 400F/200°C for 8min or until biscuits are golden brown and firm to the touch. Remove from tray and leave to cool. Put egg white into a bowl, Gradually stir in icing sugar and lemon juice until stiff. Pipe icing faces and hair onto biscuits and add a cherry for the nose. more recipes, page 97 ^
94
T
ITV, Monday-Friday: This Morning
he big kitchen boasts everything you expect to find. „ and more! Next to the kitchen is a family room which has french windows overlooking a wide lawned garden with weeping willow and fruit trees. There is a separate, more formal sitting room for relaxing for grown-ups and guests. Judy and Richard met while copresenting an early evening news programme for Granada TV - and discovered an instant rapport. Working together means they spend more time than most couples in each other's company. We really enjoy the closeness of it all,' says Richard. It's certainly evident in the way they present This Morning, With four children, Tom and Dan, 11-year-old twins, Jack, 21/2, and baby Chloe, 14 months, they are certainly well qualified to fill the programme with family matters. Subjects like health, gardening, DIY, cookery and fashion, plus special topical features are treated in a visual, women's magazine style. And while the children occasionally pop up on film - Chloe recently appeared learning how to swim both Richard and Judy are deter-
mined not to turn their family into a media showpiece. The daily schedule is arduous. They leave home at around 7.30am after nanny Julie arrives. They check in at Albert Dock studios in Liverpool at 8.30am and go straight into wardrobe and make-up. An on-the-hoof briefing provides them with the programme's content and running order. At 9.25am they're on screen with a promotional snippet about that day's topics. The programme itself lasts for 90 minutes, and at the end of transmission there's a post mortem followed by a snatched lunch before they launch into the content of the next day's edition. They make sure they're home every day by 5.00pm to have tea with Jack (nick-named Jackie Pots) and Chloe (Coco Pots); then Judy starts thinking about the evening meal they both share with the twins. All this hectic activity means there's little time for shopping and cooking; although Judy says she
enjoys a session in the kitchen when she has the time. We usually shop once a week on Saturday mornings,' says Richard. 'Jack and I do the shopping. But we need a huge list. You have to be phenomenally organised when time is short.' `During the week,' says Judy, we rely on ready meals; they're so good. And I'm forever grateful for the microwave and freezer anything that saves time. But at weekends I do try to cook' Richard also does his bit; they take it in turns to do a traditional Sunday roast. But he's full of praise for Judy. 'She's a great cook,' says Richard. `Her treacle tart could make a man weep, it's so good. The pastry is fantastic!' Judy admits to being a competent "plain cook'. Her talent for pastry was learned from her mother. 'She stressed how everything should be kept as cool as possible and I think I'm lucky in having naturally cold hands!' This of course is quite a bonus in making biscuits - or any other coffee-time snack. Try our selection of crisp, delicious biscuits, Elevenses, Coffee Breaks and Currant Affairs, with a pot of fresh coffee - for when you relax in front of the TV to watch This Morning, of course! wr
MORNING, STORY If you spotted a certain togetherness between the co-presenters of ITV's new magazine programme, 'This Morning', that's because Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan are also husband and wife. JILL COX visited them in their Edwardian home outside Manchester to find out more about this mid-morning couple. Picture DAVID MAGNUS Time for a break, and in our main picture, Richard and Judy share a selection of coffee-time snacks with three quarters of their family: 14-month-old Chloe, Jack, 20, and twin Dan whose brother Tom came home to find the table bare
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
95
The fully fitting answer to a perfect night's sleep The Sunbeam Bedwarmer is a fully fitted, electrically heated underblanket. It is a new and unique concept combining an advanced pre-heating underblanket with a quilted mattress cover. Elasticated corners give a simple, snug fit; bed-wide warmth ensures all over comfort and as the Sunbeam Bedwarmer is machine washable its luxurious material stays luxurious. For the perfect start to a perfect nights sleep the Sunbeam g Bedwarmer takes some beating. Its elasticated corners allow it to be positioned like a fitted sheet so that it won't move around your bed. And this close fitting keeps the full width . and length of the bed warm and cosy. If you suffer from cold feet the Sunbeam Bedwarmer is the one offering an extra warmth area at the foot of the bed. And so no one gets the cold shoulder, the kingsize model has dual controls for him and her. At the heart of the Sunbeam Bedwarmer is our unique Personal Monitoring System. A heating element so advanced, nothing competes with Bedwarmer for comfort, economy or safety. The Sunbeam Bedwarmer is not only the ultimate in warmth and comfort, it is practical too. It is fully machine washable, carries a 3 year guarantee, total overheat protection and BEAB approval.
The new Sunbeam Bedwarmer... Beds are made for it. From Argos, Index, most Electricity Boards, House of Fraser, John Lewis, Currys, Makro, Lewis's ... and all good electrical retailers.
^ continued from page 94
Family Favourites
Spicy Bites
Chocolate slabs topped with frosting and white icing. Makes approx 10 4oz/100g plain chocolate, broken into squares 4oz/100g butter 4oz/100g caster sugar 1 egg, beaten Vztsp vanilla essence 5oz/150g flour Vztsp baking powder 2oz/50g walnuts, finely chopped ltbsp milk
Crisp gingernuts with a delicate ginger taste.
Makes approx 24 4oz/100g plain flour pinch salt ltsp baking powder ltsp bicarbonate of soda ltsp ground ginger
2oz/50g butter 2oz/50g sugar 3tbsp golden syrup Sift flour, salt, baking powder, bicarbonate of soda, spices into a large bowL Rub in butter to breadcrumb stage. Stir in sugar. Warm syrup and gradually incorporate into mixture to make a stiff consistency. Break off teaspoonfuls of mixture and roll into small balls. Place on a lightly greased baking sheet. Bake at Gas 5, 375°F/190°C for 8min or until set and golden.
Currant Affairs Chewy oat bars filled with nuts and currants.
3oz/75g walnuts, chopped 4oz/100g currants Melt butter in a pan. Stir in remaining ingredients and mix thoroughly. Press mixture into a lightly greased 8in/20cm square tin and press to flatten and smooth surface. Bake at Gas 4, 350°F/180°C for 30min or until browned and firm. Mark into slices with a knife and leave to cool completely. Break flapjacks into slices to serve.
Makes approx 14 6oz/150g butter 2oz/50g demerara sugar 2tbsp honey ltbsp golden syrup 6oz/150g porridge oats
Use only one set of measures. Do not mix metric and imperial.
Icing and decoration; 6o7/175g plain cooking chocolate, in pieces 5tbsp black coffee 6oz/175g icing sugar, sifted 1/2 egg white 4oz/100g icing sugar, sifted Melt chocolate in a bowl over simmering water. Cool slightly. Beat remaining ingredients until thoroughly mixed. Gradually beat in chocolate. Pour into an 8in/20cm greased and lined square tin. Bake at Gas 4, 350°F/ 180°C for 30min or until firm to the touch. Cool and mark into slabs. For chocolate icing, put chocolate and coffee into a bowl over a pan of simmering water. Stir until chocolate has melted. Remove and beat in icing sugar. Spread mixture over cooked cake, and smooth surface with a palette knife. Leave to set for 1 hour. For decoration, put egg white in a bowl and gradually beat in sifted icing sugar until stiff but still easy to pipe. Pipe patterns.
O
Coffee Break Crisp and dainty buttery biscuits, perfect for coffee time.
Makes 8 portions 4oz/100g plain flour 2oz/50g cornflour 2oz/50g caster sugar 4o7/100g butter caster sugar for sprinkling Sieve flours into a bowl. Add sugar, and rub in butter with fingertips until mixture starts to bind. Knead lightly until smooth, then press into a lightly floured 7in/18cm sandwich tin or shortbread mould. If using a mould turn out on to a baking sheet, before cooking, then prick with a fork Bake at Gas 3, 325°F/160°C for 45min or until firm and golden. If using a sandwich tin, cool before turning out. Remove from oven and mark into eight triangles. Sprinkle with caster sugar.
Gives you a taste for healthy living Cutting down on fat, but not flavour makes good sense. Today's answer — new Primula Low Fat. Half the fat of ordinary cheese spreads and the fresh taste you expect from Primula. Choose from Plain, Garlic and Herb or Mixed Seafood. The very first in tubes. Celery and Apple, Chicken and Mushroom or Primula Plain in tubs. Primula gives you a taste for healthy living.
Primula from Kavli. The Cheese in a Tube.
Kavli Ltd., Kingsvray, Team Valley Trading Estate, Tyne & Wear, NE11 OST.
97
C::] ITV, Sunday: The South Bank Show
Local Hero makes
David Puttnam, the quiet mogul of the movies, was born and bred a townie. Now, the North London lad — featured in 'The South Bank Show' this week — is a self-styled hit-man for rural conservation. BARBARA Y OUNG meets producer Puttnam at his home in deepest W iltshire. Picture DE ZITTER
scar winning film rnaker David Puttnam is a man with a mission. At 47, he is not only the most successful film producer of his generation, but a staunch and tireless campaigner in the fight to preserve the beauty of England's countryside. He sits cross-legged on the floor of his elegant beamed drawing-room. Puttnam pours fresh coffee into china cups and looks around him with pride. It has taken four long years to restore this 15th-century former watermill to the home that Puttnam and wife Patsy call their 'little bit of paradise'. 'I organised and did everything on the outside of the house and Patsy did everything you see inside it was a division of responsibility,' he explains. When we bought the mill six years ago, it was fine, except that it was only just holding together. There was every kind of rot imaginable - it didn't bear too much investigation. Ostensibly, it had been kept together with a lot of love but just hadn't had the money it needed spent on it. A house of this age periodically needs to be stripped back and you have to start again. 'I enjoy doing manual things, but I'm not someone who's clever with their hands at all. I love the excitement of trying things and experimenting, and
98
we've certainly made a few mistakes. We've planted more than 10,000 trees and shrubs here - some of them have worked and others haven't. We've actually had a low failure rate and have lost about five per cent. I've treated this home in some respects the way I treat a film. It's not enough that the end titles are beautifully typed or that the music is perfect. I like to think that one hallmark of the films I produce is that they are beautifully made and immaculate productions - whether you like them or not.' A self-confessed perfectionist with an eagle eye for detail, Puttnam has thoughtfully arranged a perfect welcome. On this soft, late summer's day, a swan glides elegantly through tranquil waters and, inside, the distant sound of soothing classical music provides an ideal backdrop for the interview. When we set out to look for a house in the country, I was a total urban being,' says Puttnam. 'I was born in North London and had lived in the West End for 20 years - I still can't explain where the idea to move out came from. When our friends heard of our plans, they said to Patsy: "You're mad! He's never going to settle in the country - he'll hate it." I don't know if she believed them or not, but I think now she's finally accepted that it wasn't true.' Puttnam grew up in what
David Puttnarn's screen productions will last as long as people love films. But he's just as proud of his latest creation, the 15th century watermill home he has restored from ruin in rural W iltshire
he calls 'a typical middleclass environment' - a modest, three-bedroom semi-detached house in Southgate, a pleasant London suburb. He can remember joining in a great debate at school on the advantages of living in town and countryside. 'I was a cinema freak, so it was impossible for anyone to describe to me what advantages the countryside had to offer,' he recalls. 'At the time, I argued that it wasn't for me because you couldn't see four different films in a week anywhere out of London, and anyway,' he laughs, 'the jazz clubs were too far away.' David Puttnam, the man who last year was elected president of the Council for the Protection of Rural England, (CPRE) speaks with the same conviction and passion as David Puttnam the film maker and producer of memorable Eighties screen classics such as Chariots of Fire, Local Hero and The Killing
Fields. Straight-talking but charming, he has attracted almost as much media interest as some of his leading actors. Almost exactly a year ago he hit the headlines when he resigned his position as studio boss of Columbia Pictures in Hollywood after serving 12 months of his three-year contract. Earlier this year, he fought and won a battle to divert a footpath that ran uncomfortably close to his rural retreat. And then, of course, there were the inevitable gossip column stories about the state of Puttnam's marriage when his name was linked with that of the massage parlour made famous by Major Ronald Ferguson, father of the Duchess of York. The Puttnams were childhood sweethearts who married when he was 20, and his bride just 17. Today, they are the proud parents of daughter Debbie, 26 (married to TV presenter Loyd Grossman), and son Sasha, 22. 'Certainly, it's been a wonderful marriage for me,' says Puttnam. 'We've never bored each other and I think perhaps that it's because I've always spent three, maybe four months a year travelling. We've been able to retain a real interest for each other because we've never really had a
routine. The thing that also kills a lot of relationships is rootlessness. Patsy is a brilliant homemaker. She's always made places cosy and welcoming - the kinds of places you really want to live in. 'Children obviously were also a big factor. Like any other marriage, you go through your good years and bad years, and the fact that you've got children helps bind it together. Children make you absolutely aware that marriage is a compromise and anyone who thinks otherwise is a fool. 'I'm lucky enough to be married to someone who is perfectly happy to spend the evening sitting in the same room, both reading -
I've treated this home in some respects the way I treat a film,
some couples just couldn't do that. 'This may sound paradoxical and it may surprise you, but I have to confess I love solitude. I have a tremendous yearning for being on my own. I think all sane people need to be on their own. I find I'm dealing with people who can't bear to be alone more and more, and that's tragic.' Although the Puttnams have a small London base close to the offices of his company, Enigma Productions, they have tried hard to retain their country house as the one place they can really call home. But it hasn't been easy. The house in Wiltshire is identically equipped to match his London office. His personal secretary commutes between the two. 'Recently, Patsy and I have been looking for a little cottage in Scotland,' says Puttnam. 'This may sound a bit silly, but I feel in a way we've made this too much of an adjunct to the London office and, in doing that, I've invaded my own privacy. 'Now, we're looking for a
continued overpage ^
99
Pi- continued from page 99 little, secluded cottage with nothing more than water and electricity, to make Patsy's life easier. When we first bought the mill six years ago we spent the first two years living in the little cottage down the lane. It was just two rooms and a kitchen, but it was lovely - small enough to switch on the TV or pick up a book without moving from the chair. 'The mill has, unfortunately become a rural work-centre, so it's now much harder to switch off. There's a real need to find a place where you just can't be contacted.' Earlier this year, the Puttnams took six days off from their hectic life to drive around the west coast of Scotland - a place that has always held a special fascination for Puttnam. 'Ever since we did Chariots, I've felt secure and comfortable in Scotland,' he says. 'Local Hero was the film which really sealed it for me. I don't have any Scottish blood, but I physically feel extraordinarily drawn to the place. One of the things I most love about it is the romance of the moors and glens. I find them very soothing.' These days, the Puttnams shy away from the glamorous lifestyle usually associated with movie moguls, preferring to spend time together in their magnificent home. 'I don't like parties,' says Puttnam. 'The truth is, I'm a little uncomfortable at them, so we don't tend to go to many. In the country, we haven't really become part
of the community because, although I'm not anti-social, I'm non-social, for the reason that I come here to be quiet, because we have more of. a social life in London than we'd both like in an ideal world. We had a terrific strain on us for about two years over this footpath. After Chariots, people began behaving in this really bizarre manner. The footpath wasn't just a footpath it was a convenient excuse for people to come in and nose around. Originally, the footpath ran just 8in from the front door, so not only did we have people looking at us through the window, some of them came into the house as well. My son Sasha woke up one morning to find a chap in his room who claimed he'd lost his way. 'In the end, it was the police who insisted that something was done for security reasons. Now we've had the path officially moved 20 yards and the dust is finally settling. We're opening the gardens of the house for the first time this weekend - it's our way of trying to patch things up after winning the footpath battle. I don't plan to hide away on the day - I'll just have to grin and bear it.' Two years ago, the Puttnams swapped their idyllic country lifestyle for the ritzy glamour of the Hollywood film set when David took on Columbia Pictures. It was a decision that took a lot of soul-searching and produced some longlasting effects. 'Looking back, I've no regrets at all,' he says. 'I guess I'm quietly relieved
Californian `Spa'-kle Sheila Cluff flew all the way from California to present TV Times Flymo winner Ivy Mison with her prize. She has won a week at the exclusive Palms at Palm Springs health spa, owned by Ms Cluff. Ivy is taking along three members of her family with her on the prize trip; which is being organised by Spa Finders Travel, America's leading health holiday specialists. Eighty second-prize winners each won a Flymo Multi-Trim garden trimmer, and 120 runners-up each received a Flymo Mini-Trim. The correct answers were: 1 G, 2 D, 3 A, 4 B
`Part of my plan was to create . . .a sort of rural Disneyland,
was once owned by Greta Garbo. But it was a non-life. I used to work from seven in the morning until I went to bed, with only a short break for dinner. We worked a six-and-a-half-day week for 15 hours a day and I was shattered. 'I became seriously ill immediately after leaving. My doctor said later that being forced to resign probably saved my life. I think I take things too seriously, you know - it's always been a real problem for me. I can never do half a job. I can become pretty obsessed.' Puttnam's love affair with
the countryside has also become something of an obsession. His bedside reading is a mixture of gardening reference books, nursery catalogues and agricultural reports. As president of the CPRE, he sees his job as ensuring that vital conservation issues get a proper airing. 'When I first started going around the countryside looking for houses to buy, I realised that I had a vision which was England before World War Two. My rural ideal just wasn't there any more and I had to adjust my thinking. I got such a jolt that I joined the CPRE. Td read a booklet about their aims and knew they were quite different. They are an organisation that is as interested in urban plight and improving urban situations as it is in the countryside. 'Things have hotted up recently and it's a very frontline organisation. Nicholas Ridley, the Secretary of State for the Environment, has created the most successful membership drive for us because people are genuinely frightened,' he says, revealing a wry sense of humour. 'I think what he's trying to do, however, isn't all wrong. I know I joke about him, but there is an element of truth in it. 'I think the flaws lie in the presentation and not in the policies. I don't believe the Minister doesn't really care. I know him to be a countryman and he's a fanatical fisherman. 'I believe that it is the fundamental responsibility
W ho'swonwhat? Sunny smiles all round from just some of our readers who found
that winning streak in recent competitions.. . Sweet Dreams Denise Barnett and husband Rob of Underwood, Notts, will soon be waking up to a new-look bedroom as winners of the TV Times Room for Change competition. Their prize included £2000 worth of Ducal furniture, £1000 worth of Slumberland products including a luxury new bed as well as £1000 worth of Sanderson
Pictured from left to right: Ivy Meson - our Flymo winner - receives her ticket to ride from health and fitness expert, Sheila Cluff. Slumberland Ted overwhelms the Barnetts, while Rae Borthwick gets a mighty cheque from Mighty W hite's Martin Hersov
100
that I'm back here in one piece. I think in some respects the Coca-Cola experience damaged me. [Columbia is owned by the multi-million dollar soft drinks company.] I'll never be able to be quite as trusting of anyone again. 'I think, by nature, I am a survivor and it also comes back to the marriage. I think, as a couple, Patsy and I are survivors. 'In Hollywood, we had a nice house at the top of Coldwater Canyon which
fabrics, wall-coverings, carpets and bedlinens. The couple were also given a cuddly Slumberland Ted for their baby daughter Stephanie. The correct answers were: 1B, 2C, 3A.
Mighty Money Rae Borthwick of Edinburgh used her loaf and won the £10,000 first prize
of any human, whoever you are and wherever you live, to leave behind you a better physical and sociological environment than the one you were born into. Therefore, to do the opposite - to go along willingly with the deterioration of the environment, so that your children and grandchildren inherit a less human world than the one you were born into, is insane and very wrong. 'With the work we've done here, I'll leave behind an environmentally sensational place. We've planted a complete arboretum (botanical tree garden), lye bought a fantastic collection of 24 English oaks, which will be a unique collection for people to come and see. Tm lucky that our son, daughter and son-in-law love to spend time down here. Sasha was one of the people responsible for bringing this place back to its former glory. He spent six months just taking down barbed wire, so I think he's paid his dues. 'Part of my plan,' says countryman David Puttnam, 'was to recreate an adventure playground for our grandchildren. It was part of our grand scheme that one day we'd have the kind of place to which our grandchildren would love to come and visit - a sort of rural Disneyland. What kept us going was the thought that one day we would have the satisfaction of creating an environmental jewel, something which would last beyond our own lifetime. Yes, I think this has been one of our greatest productions...'
ivr
in the TV Times Mighty White competition. The 10 second-prize winners, who each won a Sharp video camera, were: A Ward of Berwick, E Lothian; A Glossop of Bognor Regis; M A Madeley of Shenstone, Staffs; A limes of Elie, Fife; S Hampson of Runcorn; G Smith of South Anstone, S Yorks; J V Thomas of Gomersal, W Yorks; M Dobson of Glossop; R Blinncowe of Leeds; and M Littlewood of Sheffield. 90 third-prize winners each won a Nikkai 14" colour TV. 50 fourth-prize winners won £100 each and 200 runners-up were given a Light 'n' Easy toaster. The correct Sandwich answers were: 1 Judith Chalmers, 2 Jimmy Greaves, 3 Michael Aspel, 4 Bruce Forsyth, 5 Jimmy Tarbuck, 6 Anne Diamond.
Talkback winner The first-prize winner of the June '88 TV Times Talkback competition is S Moss of Derby.
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
caz
MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW! MORE VALUE NOW! MORE QUALITY NOW! MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW!
LEADING LIGHTS.
PRICES THAT WON'T MAKE YOU BLINK.
0 /3.
0
If YANGSTE. Japanese influence table amp, available in black NOW ONLY and burgundy Normal Price £34.99 £29.99
0
PENDLE7ON. Brass ceiling fitting with decorative ceramic body and subtle tinted, scalloped shades. £29.99
CALEDONIA Amber panelled ceiling fitting, with 3 lights.
£69.99
ALEXANDER 5 light sherry glass ceiling fittin6with crystal pendant trimmings. £9 .99
-
AAOSZeSSSOMMASMSSMAAsoved,VMSISi&OW.MAS::
Take a look at our huge collection of lighting and pick up some bright ideas on different ways to light your rooms. Lights can change the way your decor looks.
0
Add to the atmosphere. Highlight points of interest or be things of beauty in themselves. With the nights drawing in it's the perfect time to switch on to our leading lights.
TAKER LOOK AT US NOW! O U Lu
O
2
SHOPPING HOURS
MON 10-8 THURS 10-8 10-6 FRI 10-8 TUES WED 10-6 SAT 9-6 Scottish storesopenSun 10-5 N. Ireland exceptions Mon 10.6, YVed,Thurs, Fri 10-9
*Ring 01-2000200 for the location of your *Up to £2000 Instant Credit is available with nearest MFI Lighting store the MR Credit Card, subject to status. *Access, Visa, Connect, American Express APR 32.9% variable (with Bankers Order). and Diners Cards accepted. Written Quotations from any branch upon request. MFI are licensed Credit Brokers.
0 Pi
ui
fc 0
Lighting prices do not include bulbs or plugs. Some items may not be available in all stores. 'Normal Price' is the price charged in all MFI stores not necessarily for 28 consecutive days in the last 6 months.
MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW! MORE VALUE NOW! MORE QUALITY NOW! MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW! :1.1:1•11
The biggest procession in Spain isn't always down to the beach.
Cs Ca'
The Spanish are great believers in celebrating religion with pleasure. With over 3000 fiestas a year scarcely a day goes by without some cause for enjoyment. Whether it's to mark the end of harvest time (blessing grapes in front of the church) or celebrating Easter (beautifully crafted statues are unceremoniously burnt) anyone can be part of a Spanish fiesta. In Cadiz even the horses join in. But next time you're in Spain, go and see a fiesta for yourself. It'll make a change from worshipping the sun.
The Spanish National Tourist Office, 57 St.James's Street. London SWIA ILO. Telex 888135. Prestel 34429.
Spain. Everything under the sun.
â?‘ C4: W hose Line Is It Anyway? John Sessions driven by a terror of failure,' he says
he new C4 game show W hose Line Is It A nyway? is dangerous, off the cuff stuff. Four players have to ad-lib their way through scenes suggested by the studio audience, and there's no safety net. .. Will the lines hold or will the performers fall? The only certainty is that John Sessions, actor and writer and a regular in the series, never puts a foot wrong. His pleasure at the proceedings is easy to see and enjoy. 'I try to be as relaxed as possible when I do it,' he says, 'but you have to keep the engine running and it's irritating when you have to hold back while someone else has a go. Basically I'd like to be doing the whole programme myself. I once said jokingly that the reason I did one-man shows is that in plays you spend too much time standing around on-stage waiting for other actors to finish speaking. I might have been joking, but there's certainly an element of truth in it.' We met on one of those sunny autumnal Sundays in his book-strewn, nut-shell of a flat just down the road from Putney Bridge in south-west London. He had been in Harrogate during the week shooting a film for ITV. Later that afternoon he would be enjoying himself again, recording another
Actor, comic, team leader in `W hose Line Is It Anyway?' — John Sessions is certainly talented but also a misfit. Here, he tells CORDELL MARK S why.. .
yIcan't enjoymysel enjoy
W hose Line Is It A nyway? He continually smokes a certain brand of low tar cigarettes; a dumb-bell, with which he occasionally exercises, was being used as a door-stop; and on the table in this main room was a script he had been working on that morning, all in longhand, for another one-man show. He said that he's known worse Sundays. He said that as a child, brought up in Sessions' character in Torterhouse Blue' had a crush on his bedder, played by Paula Jacobs
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
I B37 IC EP 0300110K0
Ayrshire by Presbyterian Church-going parents, he had believed that one seventh of your life was to be written off and the seventh was Sundays. 'There was a funereal misery about our Sundays. Enjoyment was out. 'I still have the inability to enjoy myself. I find it extremely difficult to be carefree and abandoned.' Perhaps, but when he performs he is able to let any constraints fly out the window. 'I'd love to be really abandoned occasionally. I don't mean lolling on a couch with 15 concubines...I don't particularly want to do that all the time, maybe once a week. . . but I do find enjoying myself difficult. I'm terribly caught up with the work ethic. I'm one of those people always pacing up and down rooms; always having to work. If I don't work, I don't sleep.' He was in the West End last year with his show The Life Of Napoleon in which he was not only the Emperor, but some 30 other characters too. He is the voices of Norman Tebbit and Terry Wogan and Lord Olivier in Spitting Image, but, for the moment, he is best know as the sexuallyfrustrated student, the condom-inflating Zipster in
Porterhouse Blue. At 35 he has some stray grey hairs which he has dyed away. 'I thought: "You've got to give way to vanity eventually." Some people look good when they go grey - Frank Finlay, Paul Scofield - but I'm just going to go grey in a boring, dreary way.' Somewhere there is an actress girlfriend, but he wouldn't talk about her, nor even give her name. Before acting there was an academic career which brought him a degree, followed by four years in Canada, where his twin sister lives, studying to be a doctor of philosophy. He will fly back to see his
continued on page 104 111.
103
01*- continued from page 103
rI CHOOSE A FREE GIFT -
1_L
Tower Electric Deep Fryer K7164
Double Duvet K7185
35mm Camera .5 piece Luggage Set167166
Betacorn Phoenix
Built-in Flash io Case 26719A
Black Mantle Clock K719D
C utlery n Sot Mugs
Thick tk Thin Toaster K71913
Sessions made his point as neurotic Napoleon sister, but he loathes the place. Canada is just blandness. 'I spent four deeply unhappy years there - like doing a prison stretch One of the reasons I work so hard now is that I feel Tye time to make up. I didn't go to RADA till I was 26. I have to work that much harder to run that much quicker. I'm very ambitious, but driven less by a desire to succeed than by a terror of failure' His parents, he said worried at his change of direction 'At 30 I was still at RADA. But later when they came to see me in Napoleon they felt better. And then there was Porterhouse and being on W ogan and so a few laurels of success have sort of alighted on me to make them feel, well, he's probably done the right thing.' He smiles Not all the laurels have alighted yet. I haven't got an Oscar. I haven't been lc-lighted yet.' There seem to have been several unhappy moments in his life. At school he was repeatedly bullied 'It's an animal thing,' he says. If, as a child you are susceptible to being bullied the others will smell it out in the way a shark will smell blood I suppose I became high profile in a way that wasn't safe. It's safe if you're a ladies man or the captain of games or that sort of nonsense, but because you've taken the mickey out of a lot of people or hung around with the sixth formers while only being in the third form, then it's not safe. There comes a pay day and it did
come. It was terrible. I was beaten up, laughed at, teased. It had an effect on me for years.' Nowadays, he says, he feels a misfit. He would love to have the same selfassurance that many of the performers from Cambridge, like his friend Stephen Fry, possess. 'They have astonishing, enviable, almost tangible confidence. But I don't quite belong so the best thing I can do is just carry on ploughing my own little farrow.' He smiles again. 'And if that means doing shows about great megalomaniacs such as Napoleon, then so be it' Out on stage, he said, he comes alive. What I can't do is all that sort of smarty chat between the teams and the quizmaster. I can't do anything like that I wish I could When I did Wogan, I was just left there looking a bit daft actually. I can't be larger than life at times like that If I was, I suppose I'd be like... Christopher Biggins.' During interviews like this one, he is sometimes asked if he knows who is the real John Sessions Did coming alive being other characters make him forget his identity? This makes him laugh Er. I know who I am. I know where I live. I remember my address. All that stuff is a bit too dramatic. I mean there are some extremely unbalanced performers around and I suppose I have my fair share of neuroses like anybody else, but that's all' And more than his fair share of talent, too. WT 22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
Dry toilet paper alone is not enough.
Now moist toilet tissues, th e modern approac h t to tal mess. Dry and moist for real cleanliness.
The Hakle Moists system is simple and quick. 1. First use dry toilet paper as you normally would. 2. One Hakle Moists from the dispenser ensures total cleanliness. An important step forward in personal hygiene.
Families the world over are concerned about personal hygiene. They know that thorough cleanliness prevents inflammation, irritation and related complications.
Hakle Moists really clean where dry paper only wipes. This cleansing also helps prevent irritation and discomfort.
Airtight dispenser and 70-tissue refill. In regular, or camomile version for extra sensitive skin. Available from supermarkets, chemists, drugstores and department stores.
<-36 Used in millions of European households.
Responding to the need, the famous Hakle Laboratories in West Germany, in collaboration with experienced dermatologists, have perfected a new dry/moist cleansing system.
In healthy families, hygiene is an essential part of cleanliness and personal freshness from childhood onwards.
Total cleanliness and freshness, gentle even in cases of extra sensitivity or inflammation.
Hakle Moists toilet tissues are impregnated with a gentle cleansing lotion. They contain neither soap nor alcohol. Moists are just the right size and not excessively moist, so they clean effectively with just one wipe, leaving the body completely clean and fresh. Hakle Moists are completely flushable and biodegradable.
â?‘NTV, Sunday: Live from the Palladium W hen you've trodden its well-worn boards, that's when you know you've arrived in showbusiness. Over the past 78 years its billboards have been plastered with the biggest names from the world of entertainment, as the pictures on these pages testify. ANTHONY DAVIS looks behind the scenes of this theatreland legend: the London Palladium
e
famous the won]. Nellie W allace
Gracie Fields
oreign visitors and the British public alike see the Palladium as much a part of London as Big Ben. Jimmy Tarbuck, who presents Live from the Palladium on Sunday, says: 'If you're going to do a live variety show, the London Palladium is the greatest theatre in the world.' Yet the Palladium is not that old - it will be 78 next birthday. Nor is it the biggest, even in London. It has 2325 seats, but the Coliseum has more. Nor is it the grandest, though it is impressive. The stage is 80ft x 40ft and 52ft high - but its most famous feature is that revolving stage, divided into three concentric rings. The outer two can be turned in opposite directions, while the centre can be raised 5ft and lowered 6ft. But it's the international stars who have really attracted the attention. 'Everyone in showbiz has appeared there,' says Tarbuck. 'Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, Gracie Fields, Judy Garland, Liberace, Max Bygraves, Morecambe and Wise, Tommy Cooper. . The almost infinite list also includes Jack Benny, Ethel Merman, Danny Kaye, Fats Waller, Duke Ellington, Frank Sinatra, Noel Coward, Laurence Olivier, Cliff Richard, Bette Davis, Julie Andrews, Neil Diamond, John Denver and many more. The site of the Palladium was originally occupied by the town houses of the Dukes of Argyll and Marl-
borough (who gave their names to nearby streets), but these were demolished in the late 19th century. For 20 years the area was the home of a circus, before the present theatre was built. The Palladium - a music hall - opened on Boxing Day 1910, with Nellie Wallace, Ella Shields, Ella Retford and 'Mr Martin Harvey and his full company' in a mixed bill including melodrama and even opera. For three months in 1928 the Palladium was used as a cinema, but showman George Black took it over, opening with Gracie Fields, comedian Dick Henderson (father of Dickie), and Ivor Novello in a one-act play called The Gate Crasher. In the Thirties, it was the annual home of Peter Pan. Elsa Lanchester and Anna Neagle were among the fliers. The Thirties also saw the Crazy Weeks, which later developed into the Crazy Gang Shows. The Gang were practical jokers - their favourite Rosemary Clooney
Happy and Glorious. Trinder, also starring in a film about the fire service, The Bells Go Down, once heckled, as was his habit, two Palladium latecomers: 'This isn't a cinema, you know,' he shouted from the stage. 'You can't stay and see the beginning through again. If you want to see a
continued on page 109 ^
Parts in the theatre 1 Upper Circle 2 Royal Circle 3 Variety bar 4 Advance Bookings 5 Cinderella bar 6 Stalls 7 Box C 8 Her Majesty's refreshment and rest MOM
9 Box B 10 Orchestra pit 11 Revolving stage 12 Dressing room B 13 Dressing room A 14 Stage door 15 Stage exit
Ivor sorelio
Tommy Mader Bob Hope Jane Russell
106
tricks included nailing chorus girls' shoes to the floor and smearing jugglers' clubs with grease. Jimmy Nervo once put two smouldering cigarettes in Charlie Naughton's hat, which burst into flames on stage! During World War Two, Irving Berlin starred in This Is the A rmy, and Tommy Trinder had long runs in Best Bib and -Tucker and
16 Exit a to rGot Marlborough ugh Str"t 17 Scene dock Property room 18 19 Stage 20 Spotlight chamber 21Boxes 22 Spotlight banks
y TarbliCIC
107
Body' shouldhave one! fips-
...and DP have one for evervbo No-one has a more comprehensive range of high' quality fitness equipment, and that ensures a system to suit you. The Bodytone 326 Multigym featured here is a good example. More than a rowing machine the Bodytone 326 is a complete aerobic fitness centre for the home, offering the whole family a range of horizontal & vertical exercises to keep you in good shape. All DP equipment is • ergonomically designed, handbuilt and beautifully finished, truly state of the art. Sturdy, yet compact, many machines feature telescopic frames for convenient storage in remarkably small spaces. Designed and built by the world's leading manufacturer of fitness equipment, you can be sure of DP quality and see the Bodytone in action at most good sports stores. Competitive products at competitive prices. -
Ever home should nave one! y
FITNESS EQUIPMENT
•
liversified Products Corporation-UK Phoenix Way, Garngoch Industrial Estate, Gorseinon, Swansea, UK Phone: (0792) 898081 Telex: 48687 DIVPRO G See the 326 and other DP products at:- Harrods, Argos, AstralSports, Liiiywh Lewis Partnership, Iltdewoods, Empire Stores, Grattan, ChampidtiSporti, linersport GUS and most leading sports stores.
i
Duefo the 'extensive range of DP products, a single retailer may not guarantee to stock every hem manufactured
Agein.;,
^ continued from page 106
All the stars have a story to tell. . . good film, go round the corner to the Empire they're showing one of mine.' To which one retorted: No thanks. If rm going to see you die, rd rather it was here at the Palladium!' The war years also saw the shortest run of any show. Top of the W orld lasted just four nights, but that was in 1940. The Palladium achieved its biggest audiences with
Sunday Night at the Palladium, which ran for 12 years from 1955 and was shown on ITV. At its peak, the show was watched by nearly half of the country's population. The first show starred Gracie Fields and Guy Mitchell and was compered by Trinder. During a later show, a power failure blacked out the television network and Trinder stayed on stage for nearly two hours, ad libbing for the theatre audience, before greeting viewers with: Welcome to Monday at the Palladium.' Later comperes included Dickie Henderson, Bob
Monkhouse, Hughie Green, Robert Morley, Bruce Forsyth and Norman Vaughan. Jimmy Tarbuck first swaggered on stage in 1963. An unknown 23-yearold, he was an instant hit. 'I was meant to go on for six minutes and carried on for nine, but I was just a boy and had no idea,' he says. Xavier Cugat and his band, who were topping the bill with singer Abbe Lane, had to cut their act to make time for him. Just two years later, Tarbuck took over as compere. The biggest stars were booked for the Sunday shows: Ella Fitzgerald, Jane Russell, Howard Keel, Nat King Cole, Connie Francis, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Eartha Kitt and Pat Boone among them. When The Beatles appeared in 1963, fans beseiged the theatre and the word Beatlemania was coined. During one show, Judy Garland sat in her dressing room, apparently deciding whether or not to go on. Meanwhile, the band
Which
iThe best theatre in the world is the Palladium,
played her introductory music, Over the Rainbow, again and again. It was Tarbuck who eventually coaxed her on. On another occasion, however, Tarbuck forgot Petula Clark's name and introduced her as 'someone who needs no introduction'. When Shirley MacLaine played the Palladium in 1976, London was plagued by bomb threats. She was heading for the stage when she overheard one stagehand say to another: 'There's been a bomb scare, but we've been told not to say anything to Miss MacLaine.' A suspicious brief case had been found under an empty seat. But the decision to carry on with the show turned out to be the right one - the case was later claimed by a couple who had stayed too long in the bar. All the stars have stories about the Palladium. Harry Secombe plummeted through a prematurely opened trap door; scenery fell on Hughie Green's head; Norman Vaughan
dropped a rifle and nearly broke his toe; Betty Hutton was so dynamic she knocked over a row of microphones; Jimmy Durante, tossing a stool to his drummer, smashed a 20ft mirror. There's been drama offstage, too. Mario Lanza, in an outburst of temper, knocked his manager halfunconscious, and a mentally disturbed fan of Val Doonican stabbed a props manager when he refused to let her backstage to see her idol. Recently, the Palladium has been home to a number of other successful shows. Barnum with Michael Crawford ran from 1981 to 1983; Singin' in the Rain with Tommy Steele from 1983 to 1985; La Cage aux Folles from 1986 to 1987. Dean Martin and Rudolf Nureyev were among others who performed there last year. Now, after the recent departure of the musical Zeigfeld, the theatre is preparing for the 'Allo ',4110 cast's imminent arrival. The Palladium lives on... wr
is your cup of tea?
ORIGINAL
ORIGINAL
111PER1.1 1 ;LE''f )
W hichever pack you choose, whatever A lpen taste you prefer, you'll find the quality and enjoyment of your altogether tastier breakfast cereal perfectly complemented by the delicate flavour of Ridgways Imperial Blend tea. Look for the free offer on all special packs of A lpen Original, A lpen with Tropical Fruit and New A lpen No A dded Sugar and send for your 80's pack of Ridgways tea bags chosen from the exclusive Imperial Blend range. A lpen and Ridgways together offer you a start to the day that will be justyour cup of tea.
Alpen. Altogether a tastier breakfast. TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
IMPERIA L 'BLEW
Ridgways. Teas of character Imperial A unique blend Refreshing
at all times of the day. Breakfast A special blend of Assam and Kenya with a distinctive 'Malty' flavour. Kenya 1 A rich bright colour and full rounded flavour. Ceylon Golden leaves selected for their delicate, light and fragrant flavour.
109
things get on top of you
alms
the natural ingredients in Kalms can help you relax TABLETS We all have times of worry, stress and strain. But some people seem better able to cope than others. If things get on top of you, there is a natural, herbal remedy to help you relax and get things back in perspective.
Kalms is a blend of four herbs that have helped generations of people weather life's storms. Kalms helps soothe away tenseness, strain, irritability, and it is nonhabit forming. Kalms help you cope. Naturally.
Relieves periods of nerve strain and tenseness,so allowing restful sleep.
A gentle blend of herbs to help you relax. Naturally.
LCOW S -Leaders
A non habit forming natural plant remedy
in
The Ultimate Game, The Ultimate Challenge
n
Farmhouse 14-Pce. Ovenware 4- 1601-1
20 - pce Towel Bale
Slirriline Executive Case - Black 41603-8
Pine Clock (Quartz)
ifs quickestby phone
Longllotloaster or more players
Level 3 Offers an exciting game for children and by simply introducing a third dimension, creates an impressive executive challenge. Level 3 Provides real life uncertainty through a unique electronic third player. Winning is achieved by creating the most lines on or across the playing surfaces. Level 3 Has 4 stages of challenge to ensure hours of mind blowing fun. Level 3 The ultimate game, the ultimate challenge.
To Grump Ltd. 27 Holmvilte Road, Higher 8ebington, Reg No 2227545 Wirral, Merseyside L63 2FU. Garnets) at 534.95 ea. Please send me (Price includes P&P in U.K and Channel Islands) I enclose cheque/P.O. E._
Sandwich, Toaster
Coffee Maker
41613-.1
Yes Please! Send my free catalogue Fill in and send complete advertisement to: without obligation plus details of how my Littlewoods, FREEPOST, gift choice can be mine FREE when I Bolton BL3 5YZ-7 start shopping with you. ( I am over 18 ) Please tick your choice of gift
(no cash please)
or charge my Access card. Signed
Block Letters Please
Card No. Card expiry date: Month:
Year:
n11
nn nI n
n WITH nittlewoods r 48 HOURS DELIVERY n ___A, SERVICE AVAILABLE n n n 1 r.
(Block capitals please) Name:
POS1code
Address: Post code:
Order using the coupon opposite or call 051-608 0555 and state your Access Card No. Please allow up to 28 days for delivery. We guarantee a furl refund if not delighted on receipt and returned undamaged within 10 days.
11.1111
4- 1611-1
Level 3 The exciting new game for two
The widest Tray to recast ycw Cataltgue is!, Arena 0204 flialton1391511 stalIng the Name ald tilgOer of your Free Gll Chalte.
20) 27 Hoimville Road, Higher Sebington, Wirral, Merseyside L63 ZPU.
HOME SHOPPING , Haveyou a phone? YES ❑ NO ❑, Applications from BFPO and N. Ireland most welcome. The 'milt to refuse any apphcahon antVer change the one . reserved
II.
SPEZ/VERY
DonlyronyatoatCatabgereorgcodsdelimrybecauserelurreouronn NaliormideliataelefneryServce- accdscanbe delivered in48 boars Plan rash
III 11.1 Liltiosoods Warehouses Ltd...I. M. Centre. Old Hall Street. Liverpool X 170 106 Beg. No 637089 London III 1111
es
Tune into our television/radio/alarm clock for £99.95
take it an
THE
ionel Blair, star of Give Us A Clue, which comes back to the screen next week, and soon to be seen on the panel of W hat's My Line, was delighted to try out our latest offer The System' by Sunagor - a portable lightweight black and white television with AM/FM radio and alarm clock facility. In fact Lionel's six-year-old son, Matthew, wouldn't part with it once he'd seen it. You can take 'The System' anywhere - its built-in-telescopic aerial ensures superb TV or radio reception indoors or out. Use it in the bedroom, kitchen, garden, park, office, or even the car. Susan, Lionel's attractive wife, was taken with the idea that she need never miss a tennis match again. 'The System' is powered either by batteries or 240V mains, 12V DC (car cigarette lighter cord supplied). 'The System' even features a built-in battery-charger. The built-in clock allows the TV or radio to switch on or off automatically, so you can use it as an alarm to wake you with a choice of TV, radio or alarm bleep. Similarly, you can set the TV or radio to switch off automatically. The clock can be illuminated for night use. 'The System' measures 10Ain wide X 51/2in high x 71/2in deep and weighs just 51b. It costs £99.95 and comes with clear instructions and full guarantee. Batteries are not included. Lionel has bagged The System' for his dressing room when he stars as Buttons in Cinderella at the Kings Theatre, Southsea this Christmas - if Matthew will let him borrow it! We believe you'll be as thrilled as the Blair family with 'The System'. It's not yet available in the shops, so send for yours today!
TELL
here at
The Blair family: totally at home with `The System' To TVTimes 'System' Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB Please indicate number required Price includes VAT and delivery. Please allow 28 days for delivery from receipt of order. Offer closes subject to availability. No req Cost Item The System @ £9995 Total cost
How to order Fill in the coupon with number required and send it, together with your cross cheque and made payable to Independent Television Publications Ltd, to TVTimes The System' Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB. Access and Visa card holders may order direct by telephoning Market Harborough (0850) 410510. If you are in any way dissatisfied, return the goods within 14 days and a full refund or replacement will be sent to you.
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Value £ I enclose cheque No Pleae debit my Access/Visa card (delete where not applicable) Account No Signature. Name Address Postcode BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE
111
❑
udging from the amount of fan mail he receives, Andi Peters has made a big impact as the presenter of ITV's children's programme, Freetime. And his young viewers are more than happy to share their hobbies with the enthusiastic, good-natured Peters, who at 18, admits to enjoying the chance of a second childhood. 'I have a great time travelling around the country joining in the fun,' he says. Tye tackled things that rve never done before - such as the time I went riding - and rve learned a thing or two about coin collections, lizards and Lego.' Andi had, in fact, just returned
from Denmark where he'd been filming in the famous Legoland. 'Unfortunately, it was a rather wet day and there weren't many children around - and those I did interview didn't speak English!' Before joining the Thames Television team, however, Andi had plenty of practice at holding the attention of a critical teenage audience. As a DJ for Radio Top Shop in the large Oxford Circus branch of London's West End, he knew all about the whims of a youthful general public. 'In the music business, you have to be very alert to shifts of allegiance and know which new talent has the pulling power. rm still involved with the music for Freetime: I get to choose all the records.' By the very nature of his work, Suits are 'a very good investment'. This one is £130 from Next branches. W ool jumper, £17.99 and hat, £19.99, both from Marks & Spencer. Silk cravat, £19.99 from Zy. Belt, EZO from Moss Bros
'11110% , 7 like to wear Denim now and again it's fashion that never dates and always looks good in a rough and ready way,' says Andi. Cotto shirts by fled Perry, £15.99 from sports shops and department stores. Denim jacket, £49.99 from Zy branches. Denim jeans by Ciao, £49 from Zy. The shoes are Audi's very own
ITV, Fridays Freetime
ANDI PETERS The voice
who became alum Andi Peters, Treetime' front-man, was plucked from relative obscurity as a DJ in a W est End chain store and given the real chance Ata lifetime as a TV presenter. This week he gets another lucky break when, with the help offashion writer JANET IMPEY , lw models some of his favourite outfits. Pictures MARTIN PALMER
Andi Peters is image conscious and not just about clothes. `rm very aware that children could use me as a role model, so I suppose you could describe me as clean living,' he grins. 'I don't smoke and I don't drink alcohol, but that doesn't stop me enjoying myself!' His clothes reflect his bubbly personality, 'I live in casual separates while rm working, but rm not averse to a few sharp suits, as long as they don't look too formal,' says the lad from Balham, south London. He still lives at home with his sister and two brothers, so there's little chance of his successful television debut making him too big for his boots. 'My only regret is that rm so busy tracking other people's hobbies that I don't have any free time for my own.'
wr
Above: 'My idea of a comfortable outfit.' Cotton shirt, £17.99 from Henries branches. Suede jacket by ID, £79.99 from Burton. Trousers by Ciao, £66 from Moss Bros. Belt, £16.99 from Zy. And a 'great outfit for someone like me who's always on the go,' includes that fantastic 'Fifties look', (left). Jacket by Ciao, £122 from Moss Bros. Cotton denim shirr, £14-99 from Zy. Trousers by Ciao, £58 from Moss Bros. Belt, £9-99 from The Tie Rack branches
'Casual jackets are fine but it's the choice of tie which stops them looking staid.' Tweed jacket, £59•99 from Hennes branches. Cotton shirt, £14.99 from Burton. Trousers by Ciao, £58 from Moss Bros. Silk tie by CM CM, £7.99 from The Tie Rack. Belt by Croquet, around £20 from Moss Bros
113
• sold direct at HALF the = approximately
of comparative size glass greenhouses
AND it's clad with the wonder material, ultra violet stabilised Flexi
ALL PRICES INCLUDE VAT. AND DELIVERY TO YOUR DOOR
5 FOR ONLY 99p1
GLASS-CLEAR POLY VINYL CHLORIDE SHEETING Which retains = heat better than glass but -=CANNOT = BREAK like glass=
THANK GOODNESS FOR SPAR.
All sizes quoted are = approx. Fully illustrated step by = step instructions = supplied with = all models. =
ROTUNDA ==
Height 8ft. 2ins. = Dia. 6ft.
- GREENHOUSES 7' 6" WIDE. 7FT HIGH
_ = _ = = =
FAMILY 5ft (1-Vent) £55 ESTATE 71/2ft(1-Vent) £70 GROWER 10ft (2 Vents)£85 NURSERYMAN15ft (4 Vents)£110
£75 AN — ELEGANT = OCTAGONAL = REENHOUSE = ,WITH BUILT-IN = lir STAGING — =
7 SPACE SAVING LEAN TO'S =7 FROME39
=
For a wall site we = have the traditional 7=1- style lean-to. = All 5' wide 7' high. Doors fit either end. = 5' Long (1-Vent) £39 = 10' Long (2-Vents) £60
GREENHOUSE = STAGING TAKES STANDARD SEED 3i ° TRAYS FITS ALL = + MODELS
59" ----'– '1;
HEAT YOUR GREENHOUSE WITH A CHEAP TO RUN GROWARM HEATER
GARDEN FRAME 4' 6" wide x 2' 5" deep 72-72 2'2" high -
a.- at back
= WITH CLASS 1 FIRE CERTIFICATE MINI
= 4' x 2' 6"
GALVANISED STEEL FRAMES CLAD WITH °ARK GREEN SOUARE PROFILE RIGID PVC
NO FOUNDAT1ONS-NO PAINTING NO MAINTENANCE-ROT/ROST PROOF
1 £99
=7- UTILITY MK 2 7' 6 "x 6,(includes) window --1. = = WORKSHOP MK 2E1 20 includes = 7' 6" x 7' 6" ,w window and clear F.- BARN 10' x 7' 6" roof panels = = 17'3" x 9'9" x 8'6" high £350 = GARAGES MAJOR STANDARD 12'3" x 9'9" x 8'6" high £275
£158
ALL 7ft. H GH w'th doub e doors.
AN EXTRA ROOM TO YOUR HOUSE FOR = Expand your living space .
Have a Garden Room. Al are 7' 6" wide and 7' 9' = high at back and 6' at front COTTAGE 7' 6" Long = COUNTY 10' Long
£
NHM Griston Road, Watton, Norfolk IP25 6DL PLEASE SUPPLY I enclose £ No. is NAME ADDRESS
or my AccessNisa card
-11111W
S PAR NEAR FOR NEARLY EVERYTHING
OPEN WHEN YOU NEED US MOST. A 10. 28 cl.Tis la? dewen, Norfolk Horheugural Manufacture , 5 Reg UK No 1338259
TVT19/10
Product subject to availability until 29th October where you see the 'Open when you need us most - door
sign
s
Getting read-y for Christmas
tars in your stockin W orried about this year's Christmas presents? Look no further — there's something for everyone in the 1989 collection from ITV Books
How TO MAKE AWILL AND ARRANGE A FUNERAL. This FREE book answers your questions.
id you know that Fiona Fullerton's most cherished possession was a battered old teddy bear, or that Claire Raynefs favourite memory is being pulled out of the rubble (after being buried for 28 hours) during an airraid in 1940? These and other delightful insights into your favourite TV celebrities can be found in W ho's W ho On Television (£7.95), available at all bookshops. Inside, you'll find 1000 names and photographs of the most famous faces on British television. The new fourth edition also includes a special section, Unforgettables, that recalls such memorable personalities as Irene Handl, Eric Morecambe, Noele Gordon and Sid James. Plus, it's packed full of contact addresses, agents, birthdays and career details - a must for all telly addicts. Planning a party? More than 250 gastronomic delights from your favourite stars are featured in the new TVTimes A ll Star Cookery by Jill Cox (£10.95). Learn how to rustle up Dame Edna's Saddle of Dingo, or find out how Derek Jameson serves up an Exclusive. Covering starters, main courses, desserts, Christmas and party fare, A ll Star Cookery, published by Boxtree in association with ITV Books, can be found in bookshops everywhere. For kids, there's the great new
TVTIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
W ide A wake Club A nnual 1989 and the Look-In Television Annual 1989, both crammed full of your children's favourite TV stars. Priced at just £3.75 each, and available from newsagents and stationers they are perfect stocking fillers. Look-In's exciting mixture of features, pop pin-ups, puzzles and picture strips will keep them engrossed for hours - and they can find out all about Bros, Cannon and Ball, Gary Lineker, Five Star, A.L.F. and many others.. Of course, the only way to describe the new W ide A wake Club A nnual 1989 is `utterly, utterly brilliant'! Based on the awardwinning TV-am programme, it makes the perfect present for all kids interested in puzzles, things to make and do, and pop interviews with stars such as Marti from Wet, Wet, Wet and Shakin' Stevens. Finally, don't forget to make a date with the bright new TVTimes 1989 Diary. It's perfect for recording all those important dates, anniversaries and appointments. A weekly section on stars' birthdays means you can find out which of your favourite TV stars shares your special day. A nd you can discover stars' tips on holidays, food, home, health and beauty - all for only £3.25. It's available from all good stationers and newsagents, or through the circulation department at TVTimes on 01-323 3222. 1VT
No-one likes to think about making their final arrangements. l'ft/k„ Yet it's very important that all .„,\‘\t your affairs are concluded in the way that you want them to be. Now there's an invaluable free guide to making a Will and arranging a funeral, published by Sun Life. In sympathetic, easy to understand language, this free book answers all your questions and provides positive, practical advice. One aspect of those final arrangements which worries many people is the cost of a decent funeral. With your free book, Sun Life will send full details of particular plans which may be appropriate to your circumstances. But there's no obligation of any kind on your part, no-one will call on you at home. Your free book is yours to keep whether or not you are interested in the plan details we send. Send for your free copy today. No stamp is needed. If you have any queries call us on our SERVICELINE 0800 37-37-30 at no cost to you. Sun Life Direct Marketing Limited, One Bridewell Street, Bristol BSI 2QD. POST TODAY NO STAMP NEEDED. To: Sun Life Direct Marketing Limited, P.O. Box 529, FREEPOST, Bristol BS99 1SL Please send me my FREE copy of "Your Guide to Making a Will and Arranging a Funeral; together with full details of any plans which may be appropriate. I understand I am under no obligation of any kind, that no-one will call on me at home and that the free book is mine to keep. Surname (Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss)
BLOCK LETTERS PLEASE
Helping you through life 12 j
â?‘ ITV, Tuesday and Thursday: The Bill
Barbara Thorn has been mad about acting since she was picked for the school play. Her new-found success in 'The Bill' means that the years of struggling have now paid off but, as she tells CORDELL MARK S, there were struggles a-plenty
As Inspector Frazer, Barbara's a force to be reckoned with - but she'd hate the job in real life he was driven to the Savoy Hotel, where we had drinks, and then afterwards chauffeured home to her modest one-bedroom flat in a Neighbourhood Watch area of south-east London. For Barbara Thorn, an actress who has been struggling for 15 years, with only candle-powered flickers of success, there are treats to be had now that she is a regular in ITV's The Bill, playing Inspector Christine Frazer. There are the cars to deliver her to appointments, invitations to open fetes, and fan letters from women viewers delighted to see an actress playing a character who is also a boss. (There are occasional letters from men disapproving of that fact, but as Barbara Thorn quite rightly says: 'That's their problem.') She is likely to be in the series for at least a year and the greatest treat, she says, is that she can rise each morning and go to work as an actress. 'After all the struggles, that's a wonderful feeling. There's never been anything else I've wanted. I've been passionate about acting since I was in the first
116
school play. I've been completely single-minded about it, but rm 34 now and it does become more and more difficult to keep persisting as you grow older. 'You see friends in other jobs progressing up their ladders, but an actor doesn't really have a career structure. You just hope that one day there'll be a lucky break. I was out of work for 10 months once and that's terribly depressing. You have to invent things in your day to get you out of bed. You have to think of the situation long-term. I could have done something else, but could I have lived with myself when I was 65? 'rd have gone on pushing even if The Bill hadn't happened. But it has - lucky break time - and yes, I'll have a gin and tonic.' There were tears when she told her mother she had the part. We both ended up crying. Relief really. My parents were very moved because they'd been through all my ups and downs. The night my first episode of The Bill went out, my brother and parents all gathered together and we had a wonderful cake and champagne. No, no one else in the family acts. I
6 If men
disapprove of women bosses, that's their problem think my mother would haVe liked to. My father's a sales manager and my brother sells bricks. New or second hand bricks? I don't know. My brother isn't very forthcoming about his bricks.' As a treat to herseff, she flew to Kentucky a few months ago to see a friend she was with at drama school. She travelled alone. 'The best way to travel. I've always been brought up to fend for myself. And from working in this business I know how to stand in my corner and fight. I've always wanted to stay in control of my own life, which is probably why I've never got near to marriage. I've had some strong relationships, but as I've grown older there have always been other things I've
wanted to achieve. Female liberation, I suppose. rm not anti-marriage, but the thought of it doesn't gnaw away at me. I was never one of those girls at school who just had to have a boyfriend. I wouldn't rule out marriage, but I do enjoy life as it is at the moment.' A woman writer described Barbara as having the bearing of a netball captain and slightly schoolmarmy looks. But though as Inspector Frazer her eyes can laser a look of dissatisfaction that could turn a police constable to stone, she comes across as much jollier than that. 'Netball captain. Schoolmarmy looks,' she says slowly. 'Hmmm. Well, I'm glad you don't think so. I suppose I'm quite an organised person, though
and friends do say rm bossy. My mother says rm bossy.' Before the series, she spent time with a woman chief inspector from Notting Hill Gate. 'You realise that though they're dealing with the most awful of crimes, they don't get hardened to it. I remember she was talking about a local rapist and she talked as a woman who could relate precisely to what it means, the enormous fear and the terrible suffering of such a crime. Before, I'd thought of the police as superhuman, but they can be as vulnerable as the rest of us. Good policewomen, and policemen, can be very caring, though understandably they don't suffer fools gladly. 'I wouldn't like to earn my living like that at all. I'm sure the rewards can be great, helping people, making lives better, but so much of it I'd find too upsetting and I'd get too emotionally involved. Much of the job is horrible. Accidents, breaking the news to relatives, even having to deal with drunks - it takes someone special to work in the police force.' Inspector Christine Frazer would agree with every word...
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
EIS VOUCHER
K. C01,75
Post Code Return to MARSHALL WARD, FREEPOST, LONDON ROAD, PRESTON PRI ..tER. OR OIAL.A.CATALOGUE PHONE 061.273 7171 end quote the Dept. No. for the gift of your choice. The right to refuse rho application is reserved. Starts one landed and we reserve the right to supply o suitable alterreive where necessary to ovoid dcsopprontmerd. as
X Marshall Ward
""PRIZES i v re • ft'
Llhe smart way to save money. 11111 .
_J
"
Durable, lightweight high power spray: Useful for clearnng the car, patio or windows. With FREE soap.
£5. 99
Morphy Richards Cordless Iran gives fatal freedom in ironing, with dry or steam spray
f9.99
£9. 99
Fitness Cycle. Light, foldable and easy to store. Use for all the family for toning muscles and increased vitality.
BOOKING . FORM
full price tickets at £ Please reserve and children/senior citizens tickets at £ for the pm performance on (day and date). 2nd choice if not available pm on Name (Mr/Mrs/Miss) Address
Telephone No: (DAY)
FITNESS 71 CYCLE N3174 L-1
F 1
CLOCK ❑ N3I75 L-1 RADIO 53177 L—I
Arnin Fast free delivery. Phone 7 days a week on (02741 579335 for your catalogue Vie quoting the gift number of your choice. We reserve the ri g ht to refuse
POST TODAY NO STAMP NEEDED. Grattan, Freepost, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD99 78R
any opplication and/o change the design of the offer.
POST CODE
itolwa.444
Miriam Stoppard 247 Tottenham Court Road London W 1P OAU Sound advice If you have a relative or special friend about to go into hospital, do make sure that the staff are told if he or she has a nickname. My brotherin-law went into a coma after an operation and didn't respond to the name William, as since he was tiny he has been called Ron. Once the nurses found this out, he began to improve and with time and patience should make a full recovery. Mrs H R Hardy W are, Hertfordshire
This is a very good tip and doesn't apply just to names. A ll kinds of familiar sounds, either live or recorded, can speed recovery and cut down a patient's time in regaining consciousness. Play a favourite piece of music or the sound of some special hobby, like tennis balls bouncing over the net or horses' hooves clip-clopping. Record the bark or miaow of the patient's pet. V aried voices can be helpful, so encourage as many relatives and friends to take turns to sit by the bedside and talk. (A best friend is ideal) For some reason we do not understand, sound seems to get very deep into the brain, stirring up all kinds of memories and bringing back consciousness.
I want a son Can you please tell me if it is possible to influence the sex of a baby at conception? We are already parents of two lovely little girls, but it is my husband's dearest wish to have a son Marilyn Fielding Colchester, Essex
Y es, it is possible, though by no means foolproof. In the past, sons were so valued that all kinds of tricks were devised to have a male baby. Some ancient writings, including the Bible, give advice which today sounds like witchcraft. Here are a couple more practical tips. Make a note of the day you ovulate (14 days after the day your last period started). Have a few days' abstinence from love-making
11
8
It's my life, too As a 14-year-old girl of recently divorced parents, I am experiencing great conflict with my father. He expects to see me and my sisters on the day he suggests and gets hurt when we refuse. Could I appeal to all fathers and mothers who live away from their teenage children to remember that we, too, have lives to lead. It is often centred on the friends who comforted us while our parents were too emotionally involved in their own problems. We are not making excuses if we say we are busy, but stressful evenings being asked about school and what the other parent is up to are not much fun. How can we tell them without hurting their feelings? Debbie R Harrogate, Yorkshire
I am sending you £10 for my Topic of the W eek. Y our father is making the mistake of treating you like the children you used to be, which is unreasonable of him. This may stem from natural insecurity after the divorce, but the best way to show him you are adults is to act as if you are. .Arrange a meeting with your mother and father and tell them that though you love them and always will, present arrangements do not take into consideration the way you want to lead your lives. Say they should be proud of you having been mature enough to cope with the divorce, and that wanting early independence shows what a terrific job they made of bringing you up. They, too, may find those evenings heavy going and be relieved to make other arrangements. Let them put their case and listen sensibly. I am sure they will understand you need more freedom. beforehand and douche with a solution of bicarbonate of soda one teaspoon to a pint on that day. Girl babies are said to be more likely if you make love on the 12th and 13th days, and douche with a solution of very weak vinegar - one teaspoon to a pint.
My hernia hurts: For years I have suffered with indigestion, heartburn and a nasty acid taste from food I have eaten before I go to bed. Eventually, the pain behind my chest bone got so bad I went to see my doctor who arranged a barium meal. They tell me I have hiatus hernia. What does this mean, and how can I treat it? M G Sharpe
Newcastle Upon Tyne
It means that the valve
which acts as a 'divider' between your stomach and gullet has become slack, W hen you raise the pressure in your abdomen by coughing, lifting heavy weights, straining in the loo or lying down, it no longer keeps the food down. The stomach contents are acid, but although its lining is protected from burning, the gullet is not - hence that extremely unpleasant sensation. But take heart - you can help yourself quite a lot. Have a chronic cough treated, for instance, and avoid getting constipated or crying that extra carrier bag from the supermarket. A t night, prop yourself up with about four pillows; keep a glass of milk and a biscuit by the bed. Eaten and sipped slowly, these can ease the pain. Eat little and often, never overloading your
healthiest way would be to gain muscle mass by increasingly strenuous Quick query exercising. Join a local Q I am very keen to gym and ask the instructor for a recycle as much of my programme to gradually rubbish as possible, but build up different groups am not sure how to find out what to do. of muscles. It is hard A Good for you! Contact and youll need the administration offices determination, but you of your local council who should see a change will have a list of after, say, 9-12 months. If you're not prepared to locations and collection points. For names make this effort, just try and addresses of to accept yourself the organisations running re- way you are. It would be cycling schemes, send wrong if we could an sae to A ddis A -Z of change ourselves at will to conform to our own Rubbish, A ddis Ltd, personal ideas of W are Road, Hertford perfection. Our SG13 7HL. individuality is one of the most precious qualities we possess. W e should preserve it. stomach, and suck antacid tablets or sip a half glass of milk She won't pay whenever you feel When I take my new queasy.
Weight worry At 19, I am worried that I am underweight. I weigh eight and a half stone and my height is five foot ten inches. Please do not ask me to see my GP. He has already taken a blood test and said he sees nothing wrong. I do not drink or smoke, but am very anxious to gain weight in a healthy and controlled way. Hamish Glasgow
I don't think extra food is the answer. Y ou sound as if you are one of those people whose metabolism is turned up high, and no matter how much you eat, you'll burn ft off very quickly. There is no way in which we can tamper with the metabolism God gave us - indeed it would be very dangerous to try. If you're really unhappy with your shape, the
Tip of the Week
girlfriend out she never offers to pay anything towards the evening. We are both 18 and have similar jobs. How can I suggest to her that it would be a good idea? Or should I simply not expect it? Alan Harvey Colchester, Essex
Rather a ticklish subject to raise, but raise it you must. I think it's only right that if boy and girl are earning approximately the same amount of money, you go Dutch - that is, each pay half. I think you have the right to expect that. Be straightforward and cool about it. W hy not just say: Do you think we could split the expenses for the evening?' She could pay for the cinema, the disco or the petrol and you could pay for the meal. If she gets upset, well, perhaps you're better off without her. Eighty-six-year old Mrs J W att of Glasgow wins a fiver for our Tip of the W eek It was not until this autumn, when flying to visit my son in the south, I found I could book a wheelchair at the airport to transport me to and from the plane. It made all the difference to my journey.
Plea for peace I am at my wits end because my two young daughters aged two and a half and 18 months, will not go to bed and stay there. They do not go to sleep until after midnight and we can't even have a cup of coffee in peace. What can we do? Mrs AG Ludlow, Salop
I know you must long for privacy, but I can only tell you what worked for us and our two energetic sleepless toddlers. W e did not put them to bed, we let them play contentedly around our feet until they literally dropped off, usually at about 8.30pm. W e made them comfy, left them until we went to bed ourselves, and carried them to their rooms. I don't believe it matters where they sleep. W hen mine reached four or five, they toddled upstairs on their own and got into bed without us even knowing. If this doesn't sound as if it would work for you, try restricting the children's sleep during the day, give them a warm bath, a warm drink and a nottoo-exciting story at bedtime. If you really are at the end of your tether, contact Crysis, Heath Cottage, Patmore Heath, Albury, Herts SG11 zra Enclose a cheque/PO for 50p plus a large sae for a leaflet on children's sleep problems.
Stop Press The much maligned common old aspirin may turn out to be a lifesaver. A recent study confirms that if it is taken intermittently by patients who have had a heart attack, it can prevent a recurrence, It thins the blood and opens the arteries, both crucial to those people who have had one - but healthy people should leave well alone.
There's always £10 for the Topic of the Week, and £5 for a Tip of the Week. Miriam regrets that she is unable to enter into individual correspondence.
Production by Waterlow Ltd, Dunstable, C & S Studios Ltd, Luton, Petty & Sons Ltd, Leeds, Parnell & Sons Ltd, Poulton, nr Bristol, Carlisle Webb Offset, CoAkle, °awns-San Printers Ltd, Watford (Members of BPCC plc), Severn Valley Press Ltd, Caerphilly, McCorguodale Vamicoat Ltd, Pershore and Jarrold Printing, Norwich. Registered as a newspaper at the Post Office. Published by Independent Television Publications Ltd, 1988.
NATURALLY.
ESSENTIAL VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. AND IT ALSO CONTAINS A MYSTERIOUS SUBSTANCE
UR UNIQUE FORMULATIONS: REGINA ROYAL
ENHANCED BY HONEY AND WHEATGERM OIL. REGINA ROYAL CONCORDE - FRESH ROYAL
JELLY, GINSENG. HERBS AND HONEY. SPECIALLY
WHICH STILL DEFIES SCIENTIFIC
BLENDED FOR AN INSTANT ENERGY BOOST.
ANALYSIS. SO IT CAN NEVER BE CREATED
REGINA ROYAL 5 - FRESH ROYAL JELLY,
ARTIFICIALLY. THE REMARKABLE PROPERTIES OF ROYAL JELLY WERE FIRST DISCOVERED AND DEVELOPED BY IRENE STEIN. SHE ENSURES THAT REGINA ROYAL JELLY RETAINS ALL ITS NATURAL POTENCY. UNLIKE FREEZE-DRIED SUP-
POLLEN AND VITAMIN C. BLENDED IN A HONEY BASE. IDEAL FOR ALL AGES. REGINA ROYAL JELLY & VITAMIN E CREAM - FRESH ROYAL JELLY. JOJOBA OIL AND NATURAL VITAMIN E. UNIQUELY BLENDED TOGETHER FOR SPECIALISED SKIN PROTECTION. YOUR SPECIAL INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW-LOOK
PLEMENTS. BECAUSE IT
COMES TO YOU FRESH FROM
MENTS. 10 DAYS' SUPPLY OF
THE HIVE.
THE REGINA ROYAL JELLY RANGE NOW HAS A
SULES FREE WITH EVERY PACK
DELIGHTFUL NEW LOOK. BUT YOU'LL FIND IT'S AS
OF 30, FOR JUST £12.95.
REMARKABLE AS EVER. NATURALLY.
REGINA - THE QUEEN OF ROYAL JELLY.
P
LEASE TELL ME MORE ABOUT REGINA ROYAL JELLY. WITH DETAILS
OF MY NEAREST STOCKIST.
| antique dealers |
Which jockey (1931-2003) was known as The Shoe? | Oct 22nd 1988 by Radio Soundsfamiliar - issuu
issuu
Programmes 22-28 October 1988 37p
Anglia and Channel
How As landed top job SEE PAGE 4 AND ITV WEDNESDAY
W ARREN BEATIY on Russia and love SEE PAGE 14
ERIC BRISTOIT oan eve lloa ffi
SEE PAGE 22
DES O'CONNOR on what his starsign reveals about him SEE PAGE 40
MOTOR (1
MORR
re shown in cut 7 away section. In years to come, motoring thanks to 'scientific streamlining' and 'space age'
INSIDE THIS WEEK `This is your new job!'
SUBTITLES 43 ORACLE ORACLE INDEX
Michael Aspel on Life at the top
In my view I am often asked to name the television programmes I make a point of watching. The list varies in length and content and is influenced to a large degree by the season. That said, there is a •constant thread that runs through all my viewing. It's called News at Ten. It's not just that the time it's transmitted suits me well. It's also that it's so very good. If it's been a busy day and rve only half skimmed the papers, I can nonetheless go to bed, if rve seen News at Ten, with the feeling that rm up-to-date on the day's important stories from around the world. As you might imagine, I fell with some enthusiasm on Jim Gilheany's feature on page 27 in which he describes a day spent with the News at Ten team following a major story — and they don't come much bigger than the sad tale of the athlete Ben Johnson being stripped of his world-beating gold medal. Also, it was rather comforting to leant that this highly professional, hard-nosed news team is made up of colleagues who have become firm friends. Duty home news editor Mervyn Hall and reporter Peter Sharp are each godfather to programme editor Nick Pollard's two little boys. Newscaster Alastair Stewart read the lesson at one of their christenings. Nick was Mervyn's best man and director Jacqui Bromley often works the same shift as husband Phil Moger when he's doing his stint as programme editor. Seems like those who work (and play) together, stay together, too.
An honoured guest The Queen's first State Visit to Spain
10 14
Helena Michell Why she's flying high in Piece of Cake
The red hot Mr Beatty Warren, women and why one film became an obsession
Eric Bristow makes millions
Anneka Rice Coming soon dressing for a big occasion
0\ .
C:3 ITV, W ednesday: This Is Y our Life
Replacing the irreplaceable Eamonn• • • to finish the life story Andrews was writing when he died, appears to have had no such he car park of reservations and is soon Twickenham rugby reported to be unhappy football ground, Febru- about the delay in naming ary this year. Fans someone to take over. By now, rumours are rife. gather for the England versus Wales game. Among them is Would Thames drop the Head of Light Entertainment series? Would it revert to the at Thames Television, John BBC where, after all, it had Howard Davies, ultimately first been produced in Britain responsible for choosing a as far back as 1955, nine successor to Eamonn An- years before ITV acdrews and ensuring the quired the rights from its continuation of This Is Y our American owners? As the New Year apLife, Michael Aspel, a man of proaches, Aspel's divided loyalties this day since he was born in London but began his broadcasting career as a radio actor in Cardiff, is helping himself to a picnic lunch from the boot of his car. John Howard Davies, who as a child actor played the title role in the 1948 film Oliver Twist spots AspeL 'Love to have a chat with you sometime,' he says. On the face of it, the encounter is casual and entirely coincidental But,' says Aspel, knew, of course, what he meant' Weeks of speculation start within a fortnight of Eamonn Andrews's death In November 1987 Aspel is for the first time named by newspapers as a likely successor. Aspel, for his part heavily committed to London Weekend Television with, among other things, his own chat show, A spel &Company makes no comment Meanwhile, Andrews's widow, Grainne, has agreed that Thames Television should show three episodes of the programme, recorded before Eamonn's death but as yet not transmitted. Beyond that it isrit certain that the series will continue. Many feel that Eamonn was such an integral part of the show that no suitable replacement could, or indeed should, be found Aspel understands this Fans gather at Twickenham rugby point of view. 'I know there ground, among them Thames TV executive will be people who will think John Howard Davies the show should have died Meanwhile, in the car park, Michael Aspel helps with Eamonn and that nobody himself to a pre-match picnic from his car boot else is fit to do it' Entering the ground, Davies spots Aspel, goes to Grainne Andrews, working meet him, and drops that historic hint
4
The identity of the next 'victim' to appear on 'This Is Y our W e' remains one of television's most closely guarded secrets, rivalled only by the mystery surrounding the name of the celebrity who would replace Eamonn Andrews following his untimely death last November. Michael Aspel, himself once a subject, tells STEW ART KNOW LES of the `cloak and dagger' way he got the job
W
asked
stee l
po Is it the ,2 book or the 5 character t. holding it. that g surprised Phil Collins and co in Covent Garden recently? Aspel's antics behind the disguises will thrive now he has struck a firm partnership with John Howard Davies (below) since their car park meeting in February. Michael's own This Is Your Life' appearance (below, left) was in May 1980. It was probably the strangest thing I have ever experienced,' he recalls
name is no longer in the frame'. Parkinson has become Fleet Street's hot tip, to be followed closely by Terry Wogan, and then Russell Harty, who sadly was to die in June. In January, Parkinson denies he is in line for the job and suggests Frank Bough. Thames TV say talks are continuing with 'several possibilities in mind', but no firm decision has been taken. Soon the names of Nick Owen, Noel Edmonds, Leslie Crowther and Gloria Hunniford have joined the line-up of alleged conten-
ders. But in March it is gossip-writer Nigel Dempster who places Michael Aspel firmly at the top of the list and says he will take over the programme 'at about ÂŁ15,000' per transmission. Aspel is immediately quoted as saying that, even if he were approached, he could not consider taking on This Is Y our Life because of his other TV commitments. 'It had become a national game,' says Aspel, who clearly seems to have enjoyed playing it. 'Rumours flew and the game had started long
before there was any discussion about my doing it. I didn't even consider it. I thought I had plenty of things on and certainly didn't sit at home thinking, "Please let it be me".' But it now appears that direct approaches to Aspel from Thames had begun soon after the car park encounter. It did become an extraordinary cloak and dagger operation,' says Aspel, with everyone keeping the secret until it was finally announced at the end of March. 'The whole thing was
continued on page 18 ^
Ci] ITV, Sunday: The Queen in Spain
0 0
WHEN THE Queen
steps down on to the red carpet at Madrid's Barajas airport on Monday 17 October, it will be the start of the first-ever State Visit to Spain by a reigning British sovereign. There have been many informal visits by members of the Royal Family, the most recent and wellpublicised being the holiday taken every summer by the Prince and Princess of Wales and their children, when they join King Juan Carlos and his family at their palatial retreat on the island of Majorca. In fact, their reports have been so fulsome that the Queen and Prince Philip have been persuaded to spend a weekend in the same place at the end of their visit. This is rare indeed. Her Majesty seldom combines business with pleasure and she is known to prefer spending her leisure time in the bracing air of Balmoral rather than in the sunspots of the Mediterranean. Obviously, the influence of her son and daughter-in-law in this respect is very strong. Although not on a State Visit, Queen Victoria was the first British monarch to set foot on Spanish soil. In March 1889 she paid an
Brian Hoey has been a broadcaster and writer for more than 25 years specialising in the Royal Family. i,A He has written the official Buckingham Palace Press release about the Queen's visit to Spain, for distribution in that country . In 1984 he spent a year with Princess A nne for a Thames TV programme 'A nne: The W orking Princess' which was transmitted on the ITV network at Christmas 1984. He wrote the approved biography TRH: The Princess A nne,' of which a new, revised edition is shortly to be published Hoey has also written Monarchy: Behind the Scenes with the Royal Family' and Chips: The Biography of Lord Maclean - The Lord Chamberlain'. He has recently finished work on his latest book, 'Royal Entertaining.' He is married with three children and lives in South W ales.
av
.
6
informal visit to Queen Maria Christina at San Sebastian, the summer residence of the Spanish court. She was accompanied by her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, whose portrait by the Spanish artist Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida was painted in about 1908, and today is in the hands of the National Portrait Gallery in London. The five-day State Visit, which takes in the capital Madrid, Seville and Barcelona, is reciprocal, following the State Visit to Britain by King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia in April 1986. They stayed with the Queen at Windsor Castle and during the State Ban-
On 17 October the Queen setsfoot in Spain— a country that 400 years ago was the enemy. Even though relations are now friendlier, she is the first reigning British monarch to embark on a State Visit to Spanish soil. Royal writer and broadcaster BRIAN HOEY sketches in the background to this historic event and lets us in on some of its secrets more than two years ago, nobody within the Royal Household or the Foreign Office (which advises the Palace on all Royal tours) thought it inappropriate for the Queen to visit Spain in the year Britain celebrated the defeat of the Spanish Armada. In fact, the Spanish authorities, quite sensibly, realised that the 400th
The Queen likes plain food and no uncooked shellfish is to be offered. Flowers must be unwired — she once cut herself and was unable to shake hands quet in his honour, the King referred to the close links which joined the two families, through their direct descent from Victoria. Juan Carlos's grandmother, Queen Victoria Eugenia, was a granddaughter of Victoria, herself the great-great-grandmother of the Queen. The two Royal houses, however, are joined by blood lines which stretch back much further - to 1170, when Henry Irs daughter, Eleanor, married Alphonso VIII of Castille. It was another Eleanor of Castille who married Edward I in 1254, and whose son became the first Prince of Wales. A constant reminder of these links survives in the Crown Jewels. The giant ruby in the Imperial State Crown, made for the Coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838 and worn by the Queen at the State Opening of Parliament, was given to Edward, the Black Prince, by Pedro of Castille, after the battle of Najera in 1367. When the present State Visit was being planned
anniversary was of romantic significance to Britain more than anything else. Spain even sent its ambassador to the Court of St James's to attend the Armada Day celebrations on Plymouth Hoe. No doubt the Queen will refer to the Armada during one of her speeches in Spain - and even if she doesn't, Juan Carlos is sure to let her know that, as far as he's concerned, we are all friends again. The work that goes into planning a State Visit is extraordinarily detailed. No invitation is extended until it's certain it will be accepted, so early negotiations are carried out by the Foreign Office, together with the Royal Household. A few months before the visit takes place a reconnaissance is carried out by a party from the Palace. This consists of one of the Queen's Private Secretaries, her Press Secretary and one of her police officers. They trace every step of the proposed itinerary, stop-watches in hand, checking how long it takes
to get from A to B; how close the public will be to the Royal party; whether there are opportunities for a Walkabouf; where the best positions are for radio, television and the Press. The police officer personally checks every single building along the Queen's route for chinks in security. The menu for every meal is carefully scrutinised - the Queen likes plain food and no uncooked shellfish is to be offered at any time. If flowers are to be presented, they must be in a small posy and unwired - this is because Her Majesty once cut her finger on a piece of wire and was unable to shake hands for a day. There are countless items to be checked and then finally, when the party has returned to Buckingham Palace and the programme has been agreed by the Queen (who always has the final word) the schedule is photographically reduced to a size convenient for pockets and handbags and produced as a booklet. This is known as the Blue Book and if it isn't in the Blue Book, it doesn't happen! When the Queen reaches Barcelona she will be able to return, in part, some of the hospitality shown to her. For here she will be met by the Royal Yacht, Britannia, which will have sailed out in advance. Britannia is used as a floating palace when the Queen is abroad, and Her Majesty will give a reception on board. These are among the most popular of all Royal entertainments, especially as the evening always ends with The Ceremony of Beating Retreat by the band of the Royal Marines in full-dress uniform. The official return State Banquet, given in her
honour by Juan Carlos, will take place in Madrid at the Prado Palace, where the Queen will stay. This is a formal occasion in every sense of the word, with each moment carefully planned in advance. It is the 'duty' side of the visit Britannia, on the other hand, is where the Queen is able ito get to know her guests on a much more informal basis. At the end of the State Visit, Britannia will sail the short voyage to Majorca, where Juan Carlos and his family enjoy the sort of pastimes millions of Spanish and British tourists take part in on their package holidays. Well, perhaps not quite the same. The King may be one of the most modern and democratic sovereigns in the world, but, even on holiday, no one is ever left in any doubt at all that he is the King!
Timetable to a Royal Tour State Visit of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh to Spain 17-21 October 1988 Monday 17 12.20: Arrive Madrid airport; formal welcoming ceremony at Prado Palace; private li.inch at Zarsuela Palace Evening: Reception for Diplomatic Corps at British Ambassador's Residence. State Banquet Tuesday 18 AM: Lay wreath at Plaza de la Realtad; visit Town Hall; receive replica of key of city; visit to Congress followed by visit to Prado Museum PM: Lunch with Spanish PM; the Duke of Edinburgh to present Duke of Edinburgh's Gold Awards in Prado Palace and to receive Prince of Asturias Prize Evening: Return banquet given by the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh at the Prado Palace
11
cat
Â
Above: the young royals of two nations at play in Spain. Left: the Queen and Prince Philip entertain King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia at a state Dinner during their visit to Britain in 1986. Below: Madrid is rich in culture
Wednesday 19 A M Visit Wellington and Spain' exhibition at City Museum, then University PM: Visit the Escorial Monastery; informal private lunch; reception for British community; introduction to British Embassy staff Thursday 20
AM; Arrive Seville airport 12.05: Formal arrival at Plaza del Triunfo; visit to Cathedral and Archives of the Indies; lunch at Alcazar Palace; display of horsemanship and carriage driving in Plaza de Espana 18.35: Fly to Barcelona; overnight on HMY Britannia Friday 21
AM: Visit to Generalitat in Plaza St jaume, Town Hall and Picasso Museum PM View 1992 Olympic Stadium; The Queen: visit Kensington School; the Duke of Edinburgh: visit British electronics factory; lunch with the King and Queen Evening: Reception on Britannia; Britannia sails
miF
THE NEW PEUGEOT 405 ESTA Wide, open space. Sometimes just the sight of it can take your breath away. So why should a car that offers you more space be boring? It shouldn't. But more often than not, it is. The new Peugeot 405 Estate isn't boring. Because it gives you all the style, performance and sheer driving pleasure you'll get from any Peugeot 405. How? By intelligent, careful design.
Take the car's aerodynamics. Long hours in the Pininfarina wind tunnel have given the 405 Estate one of the lowest drag factors of any estate car in its class. What's more, it's built on exactly the same wheelbase - and has the same exterior dimensions - as the 405 saloon. The result? The 405 Estate simply looks and feels rig Instead of the clumsiness of so many estates, you can enj the handling and performance of a saloon car. The top-
PEUGEOT. THE LION GOES FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH.
rE. MORE ROOM TO BREATHE. the-range GTX 1.9 model, for instance, will take you from 0 to 60 (space permitting) in 9.9 seconds. Very bracing. But if you're worried that all this may have been achieved by sacrificing load space, breathe easy. The 405 Estate isn't a hatchback pretending to be an estate. At nearly 58 cubic feet, the 405's load space is as generous as you could wish for - in fact it's wider than that of any of its major competitors.
When it comes to equipment, you'll find the 405 offers as standard many features you'd pay extra for on other estates. There are still plenty of choices though. Between petrol and diesel engines for instance. Manual and automatic gearboxes. And between 4 different trim levels. But whatever your choice, you can be sure of one thing.. You'll have bought an estate car and a driver's car. All in one breath.
PEUGEOT 405 ESTATE FOR A FULL INFORMATION PACK ON THE 405 RANGE, TELEPHONE (FREE) 0800 678 800.
E)ITV, Sunday: Piece of Cake The acting world has known many dynasties — the names Mills, Redgrave and Dotrice leap to mind. Now ITV's Sunday night serial 'Piece of Cake' looks set to bring to the public's attention another famous family by throwing the spotlight on Helena Michell. ADRIAN FURNESS went to meet K eith's little girl
ixteen years ago, TVTimes published a photograph of Keith Michell and his family at home in Hampstead, north London. Michell, then the glittering star of the series The Six W ives of Henry V III, was pictured reading to his wife, actress Jeanette Sterke, his 12-year-old son Paul and 10-year-old daughter Helena, who sits by his arm wearing a band in her hair and a solemn expression. Now, whatever became of them all.. ? Keith and Jeanette still live in Hampstead and have been appearing together in a play at Chichester. Paul, meanwhile, is a singer with a rock band. And little Helena? She has grown into the beautiful actress who, as Mary Blandin, becomes one of the few women in the life of Hornet Squadron in Piece of Cake, on ITV this Sunday. Helena Michell smiles at the picture now, and says: We weren't often photographed like this when we were children. My parents tried to keep us away from all the publicity and they were very private people anyway, so I certainly didn't grow up in the limelight. 'It's not as if my father was a great film star or sex
10
Double marriage this Sunday when pilot Fitz (Jeremy Northam) weds Mary (Helena Michell) and Flash Gordon (Nathaniai Parker, far right) marries Nicole (Corinne Dacia) symbol or such. He's simply a well-respected actor, And to me, being Henry VIII was just Dad's job, something he went off to work on every day.' Not long after the picture was taken, Keith Michell became director of the Chichester Festival Theatre in Sussex and young Helena began a love affair with theatres. 'It was such a happy place,' she says. 'I helped make props and I'd run around and annoy
everybody, her living as but they were an actress. all very kind That was and didn't W hat do two years shout at me and she people want ago, too much. I hasn't needed me to do? didn't act in her typing any of the and Tipp-Ex Change my productions, since. Her name, asif second job but I did start acting at was a starring I were school and, role in a Miss ashamed oh, fell Marple through the thriller and of it? scenery and she has been all that kind of seen in the thing. . series Bust Really fell and the film through the scenery? Maurice, and has recorded Yes, and with my father a Michael Palin play. watching. He thought it was None of these jobs owes hilarious of course.' anything to her background, But she wasn't at all she says: Or at least I don't certain she wanted to act for think so. It might have made a living, and nor did her a difference without me parents encourage her. Her knowing, but I can't believe mother, who had spent a it. Tye got to do the job, not long time with the Royal my parents, and if anybody Shakespeare Company, did cast me just because of warned her of the unsocial my background, it would be hours, the uncertainty and simply embarrassing for all the commitment needed. concerned. What do people Helena, she said, should first want me to do? Change my take a secretarial course so name? I think my Dad would she had something to fall be upset if I did, as if I were back on if she was out of ashamed of it.' work If anything, in fact, family So it wasn't until she was influence has worked the 21, after two years working other way round. Helena has in an advertising agency, recently been to India to star that the lure of the stage in the new Merchant/Ivory finally took Helena to drama film The Deceivers, playing school in Bristol, and not a young Englishwoman until she was 24 that she abandoned by her husband. stepped out to try and make `I was so excited when I
got the job,' she says. 'And then the director turned to me and said "I know, let's get your Dad to play the father." Well, I thought, lor . Tye got this job all by myself and suddenly my father's in on it, too, and there'll be all the usual cries of nepotism 'It was the first time we had worked together... It was bliss! We spent five weeks in India and because we were both working, in a way we were on an equal footing. We had such adventures, the pair of us 'I had thought I would end up looking after him but in fact he ended up looking after me. He follows a macrobiotic diet - he's even written a book about it - and he got a little stove and cooked all my meals and brought me pots and pots of brown rice. I haven't eaten meat since.' Back in England, Helena was once again thrown into all-male company, this time for several weeks on the Piece of Cake location. The boys of the squadron were, she says, absolutely charming and made her feel very welcome, mainly because they hadn't seen a girl, any girl, for ages. It is a very emotional part, and what with the Spitfires and everything I became deeply involved in the story, especially at the wedding scene where my character, Mary, marries the pilot Fitz All the boys were there in their uniforms and it was like going back to the war - the romance of it all, the heightened emotions of the time. I fell in love with the whole thing, from start to finish, which I suppose is what happened to Mary. 'Anyway, Jeremy Northam, who plays Fitz, was at drama school with me, so it was rather nice to marry him,' she grins. Helena herself is not married. She lives in a west London flat with a couple of girlfriends and a roof garden which is rapidly turning into a jungle. Its the perfect place,' she says, for sitting and reading scripts, or just sitting and doing nothing. I'm very happy either way. 'I remember at school having all sorts of fights because my Dad was an actor, and everyone seemed to assume I had privileges because of him. But it isn't like that: the only privilege he has given me is a lovely life.' lvi
11
Classic
able Iford and a
on collar) £35 (Cord trim Jacket Pa dded Trousers £24 .99 Printed Cord Suede Jacket (With scarf) i59.99 Stretch Trousers £22.50 Cord
(With checked zip-out lining) £49.99 Raincoat (With Double Breasted Suit £85
Beatty's success with the ladies falls as fiat as the Sahara in his latest film 'Ishtar' (1987) and starring Dustin Hoffman and Isabelle Adjani. The only things that bother Beatty are the desert flies. In the 1975 film 'Shampoo', it's Goldie Hawn who falls for the Beatty charm; where bed is just a hair's breadth from the salon. In 'McCabe and Mrs Miller' (1971) Beatty hangs up his gun and goes into the brothel business. Julie Christie is co-opted as madame And in the 1978 film 'Heaven Can W ait, Miss Christie acts the innocent when Beatty steps back from 'the grave'
6 Why should I marry? I know I'll get divorced 7
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
Nile NMI
F.Mq
He's a lover in the true Hollywood tradition, following in the footsteps of Valentino and Errol Flynn. This Monday, C4 screens `Reds' — a timely moment for SARAH BOND to look at Beatty at work. . . and at play
1
1
all, handsome, sexy and. . . secretive. Warren Beatty, at 50 still Hollywood's most famous superstud, has constantly remained a loner and a mystery, apparently even to his far more outgoing sister Shirley Maclaine. 'He's a difficult guy,' she once said. Td like to do a love scene with him some day just to find out what all the yelling is about.' On screen, of course! The only clues to the real Beatty appear to lie in his films. His epic Reds was a total obsession which cost some $33 million to make. More than once, Beatty has been compared with its riches-to-rags hero John Reed - the American who witnessed the Russian Communist Revolution and wrote Ten Days That Shook the W orld, and who is buried in the Kremlin. Reds is red for danger, red for excitement, red for flags - and red for blood. Beatty first thought of Reds when he was on holiday in Russia in the late Sixties. There he met a woman who had known Reed and been his lover. It's thought that perhaps Beatty reminded her of Reed. The actor thought about Reed sporadically through the early Seventies, read
The director and his leading lady: Beatty and Diane K eaton in Reds' Monday, C4
everything in the John Reed collection at Harvard University and researched radicalism in the early 1900s. As early as 1972, he started filming interviews with veterans of the period - 32 such 'witnesses' appear in the film, although many of them died before Reds finally appeared. John Reed was born to a family of great wealth, but died believing that great personal wealth is immoral - almost the exact reversal of Beatty's meteoric rise to fame and fortune. Yet Beatty, a blue-chip liberal born of a high school principal father and a drama coach mother, lurched into poverty himself in the mid-Fifties after dropping out of North-Western University. He went to New York, worked on the Lincoln Tunnel and as a waiter, and lived in unheated rooms surviving on peanut butter until he collapsed and eventually ended up in hospital with hepatitis. Yet even while doing odd jobs to make ends meet, he never doubted that he'd make it as an actor. 'I never unpacked my bags because I knew I would get out.' Today, the much-loved but never married Beatty still mirrors his shy childhood - remaining a loner despite being rich in money and women. He has been described as arrogant, hostile, selfseeking and moody. Yet of his many girlfriends, none has kissed and told - save
T'VTIMES 22-28 October 1988
smilingly to perpetuate his much envied reputation as the world's greatest lover. (On the purely physical side, Elizabeth Taylor once said that measured on a scale of one to 10, she would rate his body 15.) It is not a reputation he particularly enjoys. When success came early in his career, as he guessed, with
did love according to his friend and co-star, Jack Nicholson - died in its making because Beatty (once again like Reed) lost sight of everything except his cause. 'I don't seem to believe in marriage,' Reed says early in the film, a feeling Beatty obviously shares. Beatty's string of lovers is legendary, including Julie Christie, Natalie Wood, Joan Collins - to whom he was once engaged - Goldie Hawn, Carrie Fisher, Britt Ekland - the list goes on. 'He always keeps an open bed,' quipped columnist Sheilah Graham. 'Queensized. Usually occupied.' But just eight months ago, in February, all that looked set to change when Fleet Street blazoned the headline that the world's most famous eligible bachelor
6 She's not just a wiggle and a jiggle
Splendour in the Grass (1961), he was upset when he quickly got dubbed a playboy - as Reed had also been at one point. He has always been much more anxious to show his intelligence and capacity for caring about life's more important issues. He's a canny businessman, though. Having already made millions from his previous productions like Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and Shampoo (1975) and repeatedly professing that he doesn't go in for possessions, that he doesn't really know how much he's worth, he nevertheless struck the toughest deal Paramount had ever accepted on his epic, Reds. What's more, after 10 years of slowly evolving the concept, he exercised nearly complete control over the making of Reds (bringing in his then girlfriend Diane Keaton as Reed's love) - and the campaign to sell it. Even when the film was in the final editing stage, still no one at Paramount had seen it. Reds was Beatty's baby, and his relationship with Diane Keaton - whom he really
was to wed at last - to an actress called Joyce Hyser, an ex-girlfriend of Bruce Springsteen. 'Joyce is a pal and a friend and a lover. She's not just a wiggle and a jiggle,' he said. But though a summer wedding was predicted, nothing more has happened and he has been back in the gossip columns with some other beauties on his arm. Like Cary Grant, Beatty entered middle age still looking great, but he remains possessed by humanising doubts and frailties that make his women protective even after the relationships have broken up. Vivien Leigh said: 'He 1961, a long time before he changed to direction... `The Roman Spring of Mrs Stone', with Jill St John
has a magnetic sensuality you could light a torch with,' while Faye Dunaway cooed, 'He has a vulnerability that's immensely appealing.' Goldie Hawn saw his soft side too - 'Beneath the wild playboy exterior is a very conservative side, and that's the side you would like to spend the rest of your life with, curled up in front of the fire.' On the subject of women Warren says: 'I got successful too early. I had all the beautiful girls I wanted' But marriage, it seems, has never been on the list. 'Why should I get married when I know I'll get divorced in two or three years?' is his answer to that. Tye tried to be honest. I have never disrespected monogamy - after all, I come from Virginia where it was expected, but I am not convinced it's desirable. 'I've always treated women as equals' (and his women confirm his loving, caring, respectful charms), 'but I think men are more controlled by their libidos.' One of Beatty's future projects is a film about another legend who fascinates him - the reclusive Howard Hughes. The mysterious multimillionaire who died in 1976 aged 70, was the owner of RKO film studios during the early 1950s. To be very rich but live in a closed, rented room, to have an empire yet fret over the paper clips, to command women and be numb to love, to be in the public mind but out of sight... is it the similarity between them that intrigues the enigmatic Warren Beatty? Once, in London, he looked in the mirror and asked if he was properly dressed for the TV studios. His companion of the time reassured him: 'You're OK. Just be yourself' To which the legendary Lothario was heard to murmur: 'Whatever that is.'
MIDDLE TAR Warning: SMOKING WHEN PREGNANT CAN INJURE Health Departments'
As defined by H.M. Government
YOUR BABY AND CAUSE PREMATURE BIRTH Chief Medical Officers
^ continued from page 5
Aspel: this is his life Aries
blown up out of all proportion. I began to think it would become a dreadful anti-climax because what to me had always been a nice, cosy little programme was suddenly going to be lifted out of its proper place in our lives.' Meetings and telephone calls continued while newshounds followed the scent. There were lots of chats' at Aspel's beautiful, secluded home near Esher in Surrey. Malcolm Morris, producer of This Is Y our Life, John Howard Davies and Aspel's agent became frequent visitors. Drinks were poured; money discussed. 'Of course we talked about money,' says Aspel. 'It meant I was going to have to change the whole shape of my life. First, I felt there was no chance I could do it because I belonged totally to LWT. 'But,' he says with some satisfaction, 'we ended up with a nicely balanced package between Thames and LWT.' It was that 'balanced package' that led to newspaper speculation about the actual figure and towards the end of March, when it seemed certain that Aspel was 'The Man', the magic figure of £500,000 was floated as Aspel's annual 'salary' for the two jobs. 'The money thing,' says Aspel, 'was amazing.. . grossly exaggerated. At the press conference when it was announced that I would take over This Is Y our Life, I was asked how much I would earn and I said it would be a great deal less than they were going to print.' Sitting in an airport afterwards, Aspel was 'astounded' to read in one of Britain's more sober newspapers that he was now going to earn £1 million a year. 'I mean,' says Aspel, 'a million pounds. .. Unbelievable! The newspapers invent that figure and then compare what you're not earning with what Wogan is not earning, and then soon we'll have someone say
18
21 March-20 A pril A social club connected with your job or that of a friend may be organising a weekend break If you intend to go on the trip, be aware that its liable won't show in quite such an to sudden cancellation. open way.' Taurus 21 A pril-21 May There will be disguises- Whether business or personal, 'a variety of wigs and concern over a partner's different jackets,' says spending could lead to a row. Aspel, who once appeared Financial decisions should be as a Welsh spider in made jointly, so try to reach a Crackerjack and has compromise. played Baron Hardup in Gemini 22 May-21 June You may feel fed up with your Cinderella. domestic surroundings at the 'Like Eamonn, I will have end of the week A sudden some sort of power of veto urge to make changes could over the victims. I must start cause tension in the happy talking about subjects, not home, so try to control it. Cancer 22 June-23 July victims! 'There will continue to be Think before you act on Friday. the two main categories - If you're dissatisfied with your conditions you may either showbusiness folk or working well feel tempted to make people who have done drastic changes, but that could some particular good in the make matters worse. community. Looking down Leo 24 July-23 A ugust the list of people who have A new project could come to a been featured already or sudden halt this week due to might be considered, it is the withdrawal of financial strongly-weighted in favour backing. This is only a of showbusiness because temporary stumbling block so people like to see familiar don't be down-hearted. faces, but I would hate to Virgo 24 A ug-23 September in your own sign think there wouldn't be just Venus challenges Uranus on Friday. as many worthwhile stories This could disrupt the harmony to be told. of your home life, but things will 'One of the things that soon revert to normal if you floated across my mind was keep a cool head. whether there was anyone Libra 24 Sept-23 October left to be done, but the Be very careful what you put in producers are confident writing. This is a week in which that there are many, many misplaced trust could lead to if a confidential more out there, that the list embarrassment matter suddenly becomes of possibles is quite public knowledge. impressive.' Scorpio 24 Oct-22 Nov Who? Well, there have If a friend asks you for a loan on been rumours - names Friday, think twice before you ranging from Mick Jagger agree. Inability to repay it could to the Queen Mother have become a problem and that been confidently put for- might be the end of a beautiful ward by journalists, tireless friendship. in their dogged pursuit of Sagittarius 23 Nov-21 Dec Criticism, especially from a the facts, and of Aspel. figure, could prove very All that can be said is that mother hurtful next weekend. Try to the famous phrase 'This is stand back and analyse the your Life' will be delivered merits of what has been said— without the Irish accent and there may be some truth in it. that it seems likely Aspel's Capricorn 22 Dec-20 Jan style will be slightly more Let your natural caution come to laid-back, perhaps even a the fore this week. Your financial judgment may not be touch facetious. sound as usual and there 'I have practiced saying as could be a temptation to do the phrase,' Aspel admits. something rash. 'Eamonn tended to accent Aquarius 21 Jan-I9 Feb the third word. This is If you belong to any insurance YOUR life. Fm bound to or health group schemes, check place the accent some- that you're adequately covered. where. This is your LIFE. There may well be a problem which could come to light this THIS is your life?' He shrugs. Whatever week happens, and with due Pisces 20 Feb-20 March respect to the irreplace- There could be tension in your next weekend. Let the able Eamonn Andrews, love-life period pass before making any Michael Aspel is about to major decisions. A sudden make the programme all his break in the relationship may not be the answer. own. ,
Preparing a new disguise to surprise... what an outrage it all is when people are starving in Central Africa. 'It is a game they play and it is not a pleasant one. I see no reason why any of us should have to tell anyone what we earn. It is entirely not their business,' says Aspel who was named, for the third time, ITV Personality of the Year within a month of the official announcement that he would take over from Eamonn Andrews. When I spoke to Grainne at the Andrews's home in Dublin, she told me: 'I certainly didn't feel that the programme should have been stopped after Eamonn's death. It is, after all, an institution and I felt sure Eamonn would have wanted it to go on and would have been pleased to think that Michael Aspel
6 I see no
reason why we should say how much we earn. . .
was taking over. 'I had heard other suggestions, of course, but he seemed to me the right person. Eamonn, of course, had met him several times and liked him.' Aspel's
own This Is Y our Life occurred in May 1980 while he was chairing Give Us a Clue. 'Of course, you feel tremendously flattered and slightly alarmed. It is probably the strangest thing I have ever experienced. It certainly never occurred to me that one day I would step into Eamonn's shoes.' How different will he be? 'Eamonn got such excitement and pleasure out of trapping the subject. He was just like a schoolboy, hiding behind doors, almost giggling with excitement. I shall, of course, be just as excited but it probably
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
"Jean insisted I open a bottle of house white to go with the Whole Beans in Mushroom Glaze. They were ready long before I got the cork our
Birds Eye Glazed W hole Beans will add a touch of class to your cuisine. W ho could fail to be inspired by succulent green beans in a tasty mushroom glaze, flavoured with chives and spices. A nd it doesn't take ages to cook as Birds Eye have developed a special new bag that you can pop straight into the microwave. Even if you stir-fry or simmer you'll have a mouthwatering beanfeast in a matter of minutes. It's only one in a range of three glazed vegetable recipes, from the Country Club, sure to enhance any meal.
7 1n .
nay aewfivig the Edit ye Countg Club_ .
(
Cues are eye-opening new carpets with designs made to match your ideas. Refreshingly different looks, patterns and shades of colour. Each one in the range has that elusive hallmark of style. See Cues and the rest of the Mr. Tomkinson range at any of our Recommended Dealers. AVON BATH Harpers Furnishings BRISTOL The Carpet Shop BRISTOL Fumitureland PORTISHEAD Gordan Carpets BEDFORDSHIRE BEDFORD Hatters Furnishings BERKSHIRE MAIDENHEAD Maidenhead Discount Warehouse READING J R Wicks WOKINGHAM Carpetwise BUCKINGHAMSHIRE MILTON KEYNES One Stop Carpets SLOUGH Carpet Master CAMBRIDGESHIRE PETERBOROUGH Greyfriars Carpets CHESHIRE CHESTER Edgar Maltby &Son CHESTER Carpetlink NIORTM7ICH Bratt & Evans NORTHWICH Greenbank Carpets WARRINGTON Smart Carpets & Furnishings Ltd WILMSLOW Woodland (Furnishing) Ltd CLEVELAND MIDDLESBROUGH Bernard Povey (Carpets) Ltd REDCAR Jack Mannix Carpets CO DURHAM DARLINGTON Rowland May Ltd DURHAM City Carpets CORNWALL NEWOUAY John Nance & Co CUMBRIA CARLISLE W Vasty & Sons Ltd COCKERMOUTH Leslie Cleeland WHITEHAVEN J Dixon & Son WINDERMERE D B Furnishings DERBYSHIRE DERBY Irongate House fine Carpets DEVON BARNSTAPLE King Carpets BARNSTAPLE John How Carpets EXETER Kommet 'Carpets HONITON Bests TAVISTOCK Scope Interiors DORSET BOURNEMOUTH Fumitureland BRIDPORT Best & Sons FERNDOWN Carpet Centre SHAFTESBURY Carpet Gallery WEYMOUTH Crosby Carpets ESSEX BILLERICAY Hamilton Carpet Specialists COLCHESTER Robert Houlding Carpets
GOODMAYES Fumitureland GREAT DUNMOW Conway Furnishings ROMFORD Clarkes Carpets SOUTH WOODFORD Harmony Interiors UPMINSTER Roomer WEST MERSEA Mersea Carpets WEST THURROCK Fumiturdand WITHAM Newland Carpets
Coming from Mr Tomkinson, every Cues carpet is, of course, high on quality, comfort and strength. Take your cue from ours. And see how carpet imagination has become practical reality. MANCHESTER (GREATER) BURY DCS Carpets URMSTON Baileys Carpet Centre MERSEYSIDE FORMBY Cordova Carpets SOUTHPORT Hewitts (Southport) Ltd MIDDLESEX
GLOUCESTERSHIRE CHELTENHAM Corinium Carpets HAMPSHIRE BASINGSTOKE County Carpets BORDON Top Floor CHANDLERS FORD Peter Green Showrooms FARNHAM Fareham Carpet Centre SOUTHAMPTON Triad Carpets HEREFORD & WORCESTER BROMSGROVE Halstead Carpets DROITWICH St Andrews Carpet Co KIDDERMINSTER Stephen Yardley Carpets HERTFORDSHIRE BISHOPS STORTFORD Barnes Carpets BOREHAMWOOD Ciro Furnishings Ltd HITCHIN Kenmore Carpets HODDESDON Miami Flooring Supplies STEVENAGE Fumitureland HUMBERSIDE (SOUTH) BRIGG Parkers Of Brigg (Carpets) Ltd GRIMSBY Allenby Stevenson Ltd KENT TONBRIDGE Paul Bonner Carpet & Furniture Centre TUNBRIDGE Kenneth Brown Carpets LANCASHIRE BLACKBURN R L Jepson Ltd BLACKPOOL Talbot Showrooms CLEVELEYS Harper & rye Ltd HORWICH Horwich Carpets MORECAMBE Masons Carpets Ltd OLDHAM Northern Carpet Supplies OLDHAM Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd PRESTON C P Carpets ST AN NES-ON-SEA Wards Carpets LEICESTERSHIRE LEICESTER K G Moss Carpets Ltd LEICESTER Fumitureland LEICESTER DCS Carpets LEICESTER & BRANCHES Carpet Parade LINCOLNSHIRE GRANTHAM Wallworks LINCOLN Clayton's Carpets SLEAFORD Sleaford Carpet Centre
LONDON LONDON E3 C Abbott LONDON N12 Fumitureland LONDON NW4 Southway Interiors LONDON NW8 Avalon Carpet Company LONDON SW11 Capitol Carpets LONDON SW11 The Carpet Bureau LONDON SW2 Resists Carpets LONDON WI4 Opus Carpets
EASTCOTE C R Carpets ENFIELD Pearsons Enfield Ltd KENTON Dawncroft Ltd TEDDINGTON Abacus Carpets Ltd WEMBLEY Fumitureland NORFOLK KINGS LYNN Lynn Carpet Centre SWAFFHAM Swaffham Carpet Centre NORTHAMPTONSHIRE BRACKLEY Steve Ward Carpets NOTTINGHAMSHIRE BINGHAM Country Carpets DUFFIELD Meadow Vale Carpets MANSFIELD Hanson Carpets NOTTINGHAM DCS Carpets OXFORDSHIRE BANBURY Banbury Interiors WITNEY Carpet Options Ltd SHROPSHIRE SHREWSBURY Alan Ward Carpets SOMERSET BRIDGWATER Orienterior Ltd STAFFORDSHIRE BURTON-ON-TRENT Coyte Carpets Ltd CHASETOWN William Collis & Son LICHFIELD K Tatlow Carpets STAFFORD Carpet Boutique STOKE-ON-TRENT Barry's Floorcoverings STOKE-ON-TRENT Carpet Kingdom SUFFOLK FELIXSTOWE K T R Carpets HALLSHAM Haywards Carpets Ltd NEWMARKET P & B Flooring SURREY FARNHAM Famham Carpet Co Ltd GUILDFORD Carpet Scene TOLWORTH Carpet Express
SUSSEX (FAST) CROWBOROUGH Mister Smith Interiors HOVE Blatchingtons Ltd
SUSSEX (WEST) BOGNOR REGIS Carpet Plan CHICHESTER The Carpet Shop FERRING Mike Smith Carpets WORTHING Highdown Carpets TYNE & WEAR GOSFORTH Regnart Bros NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE M E H Company SEATON DELAVAL Stewart Jennings Ltd SUNDERLAND Majestic Ltd WARWICKSHIRE LEAMINGTON SPA Carpet Beggars Ltd LEAMINGTON SPA Western Furnishings
NUNEATON Midland Carpets Supplies RUGBY Carpets By Rowan RUGBY DCS Carpets STRATFORD-ON-AVON Cametrnan — Mike Barber Carpets WEST MIDLANDS SOLIHULL K B Carpet Centre STOURBRIDGE Hammond Hill Ltd WALSALL WOOD Carpet Kingdom WOLVERHAMPTON J Potts & Son WILTSHIRE EAST GRINSTEAD Mister House Carpets SWINDON Normans Ltd YORKSHIRE (NORTH) HARROGATE H Morgan KEIGHLEY The Carpet Gallery SCARBOROUGH 1 H Sinclaire & Co WHITBY Beevers Super Store YORK Rodgers Carpets Ltd YORK Acomb Carpets & Upholstery YORKSHIRE (SOUTH) BARNSLEY 11 Hanson DONCASTER Ward Bros (Furnishers) Ltd YORKSHIRE (WEST) BRADFORD C Chappell (Furnishers) HALIFAX Russell Dean Carpets LEEDS Briggate House Carpets Ltd WAKEFIELD Hansons Carpets SCOTLAND AIRDRIE Choice Carpets DUMFRIES Arthurs Showroom DUNDEE Galles Of Broughty Ferry DUNFERMLINE McKissocks Carpets GLASGOW Philip Morris HAMILTON Lynas Carpets INVERNESS Sharon Leon M ETH IL Kingdom Carpets PAISLEY RoddYs Carpets SCONE T & L Smith
WALES CLWYD ANGLESEY D C Williams LLANDUDNO E Boote & Sons PRESTATYN P Furnishing Centre DYFED AMMANFORD Abbey Carpets GLAMORGAN CARDIFF Marlborough Carpets LLANTRISANT I H Leeke & Son LLANTWIT MAJOR Allfloor Carpets PONTARDAWE Abbey Carpels PONTYPRIDD Leeway Carpets & Flooring GWENT NEWPORT S A Jones & Sons (Carpets) Ltd
POWYS LLANDRINDOD WEI IS Cambrian Carpets NORTHERN IRELAND BELFAST finaghy Furnishings CHANNEL ISLANDS JERSEY ST. HELIER CSP Furnishers
For further details and our complete nationwide network, contact Maggie Hathaway, Tomkinsons Carpets Ltd., Duke Place, Kidderminster, Worcs. DY10 2JR. Telephone: (0562) 820006.
Indulge your sense of style.
❑
ITV, Saturday, Sunday: MFI W orld Matchplay Darts
.31oney never dart; v w t: s i Br says
Like millions of others, Eric Bristow used to play darts for fun in his local pub. But he was a winner and soon found himself making money — lots of it — from his favourite pastime. DAVE LANNING looks at the rewards that have become Bristow's bullion
G
olden arrows are propelling Eric Bristow, Britain's favourite sporting upstart, to a £4 million fortune. That is the conservative estimate of his eventual earnings from what used to be the spit'n'sawdust sport of darts. Crafty Cockney Bristow is aiming for another big payday this weekend when he chases the richest prize in British darts: the £21,000 MFI World Matchplay tournament on ITV on Saturday and Sunday. He is also eyeing the £100,000 bonus on offer for the first perfect minimum (nine-dart) 501 checkout, the one feat Bristow has never achieved. Brash, boastful, many say big-mouthed, Bristow has slipped down the official world rankings to number three after 10 years at the top. Earlier this year, he split with his longtime livein girlfriend, top glamour darter, Maureen Flowers. But he has consolation. Money. He's literally rolling in the stuff. Bristow's gravy train roared down the tracks to a further 10 million yen (that's £42,500) in his most recent victory in the World Darts Grand Prix in Tokyo. The
22
From van driver to superstar - the .backstreet boy makes good: Eric Bristow holds aloft his trophy after a record-breaking fifth victory in the Embassy W orld Professional Championship in 1986 (above). The only thing he has yet to achieve is a perfect nine-dart checkout
.
Japanese paid him in cash; Bristow went back to his hotel room, scattered his prize money on the bed... and rolled in it. 'Just a gesture of sheer delight at stuffing all my main rivals,' he says. 'Money has never bothered me. It's winning that counts.' He's a winner all right. Ten years at the top have made Bristow, 31, the kid from the backstreets of Stoke Newington, North London, one of the biggest earners in British sport today. Ironically, his first job was as a van boy for the Matchplay sponsors, MFI. His annual earnings have shot past £250,000. He is confident he will clear £4 million from darts, the game he once played for tanners
television with a lager sixin local high street pubs. From official darts events pack at his elbow. His Victorian home in alone, his pickings from the past five years are £177,150. Leek, Staffordshire, is worth That's nearly £100 per day. at least £100,000. His darts club, The Crafty Bristow has collected more than £50,000 from just one Cockney in Stoke, his adopsponsor, Embassy, in 10 ted home, is worth at least World Professional Cham- £450,000. Bristow could retire comfortably on the pionships (he's won five). He is the biggest box profits - last year, for office exhibition attraction example, the club sold in the sport. His normal £400,000 worth of beer appearance fee is £1000 but alone. Harrows, the darts equiphe pulls capacity audiences several times yearly for ment company which £5000 shoot-outs against old supplies his 22-gramme rivals like John Lowe, Jocky arrows, has a three-year Wilson and the current agreement guaranteeing holder of the World Match- him £250,000. He pockets play crown, Bob Anderson. another £20,000 a year There is only one day of endorsing other darting the year Bristow won't equipment. It is Bristow the celebrity work: FA Cup Final day, which he watches on who out-earns any of his
bothered me'
darting rivals. He is, as Henry Cooper is to boxing, synonymous with his sport. He has appeared in
From his pub roots (here in 1978), Bristow rose to the top of the darting Supergran, Bullseye, Never world, collecting the Twain, Celebrity two rooms-full of Squares and co-hosts trophies along the Thames Television's way to decorate his popular darts series The plush Staffordshire Cockney Classic. home. Today he He is in regular demand presides, dinnerfor commercials: news- jacketed, over papers, milk, washing his own Crafty machines, breweries (he Cockney club has even appeared as a medieval monk!). played in 35 different He has a burgeoning countries, always travels career as a host at big darts first class and spent his last tournaments; he was MC at proper holiday in Rio. this year's French and But Eric Bristow insists: Swiss open championships 'rm just an ordinary bloke. and is rapidly becoming I'm not into duck pâtÊ well-known through an in- and champagne. `I'm a structional video in Canada bacon bullies and cuppa and America. He has tea man.'
23
Where• in the world cant vou use the new Halifax Visa? The sort of places you can't use
international network of cash dis-
level of service you've come to
the new Halifax Visa Card tend to
pensers carrying the Visa symbol.
expect from the world's No.1.
be short of hotels, shops, airports
And while you're travelling you
If you still insist on visiting the
and most of the things you tend to
can relax in the certain knowledge
less civilised byways of the world,
associate with civilisation.
that your statement won't arrive
pay for the trip with your Halifax
out of the blue.
Visa Card and we'll give you
On the other hand the places where you can use the card include Pitcairn, Samarkand and Cochabamba in Bolivia.
With our card you tell us when you would like it to arrive.
part of the world's largest payment system, can be used in six million locations in over 160 countries throughout the world. You can use it to draw money in local currencies abroad and in the
ance for nothing.
You also tell us if your credit
You can get more information
limit is acceptable or not, some-
about the Halifax Visa Card from
thing which you don't always get
any branch of the Halifax, by
from other cards.
calling on 0800 500235 free of
And if you choose to spread
The Halifax Visa Card, being
£50,000 of travel accident insur-
charge anytime of the day or night,
your repayments, you'll find that
or by clipping the coupon.
the rate of interest you pay is very
1
competitive indeed. Halifax Visa Interest Rates Extended Credit 20.9% APR Cash Withdrawals 21.7% APR But then, of course our Visa card has been designed to offer the
To: Halifax Building Society (Ref: NIJP), Freepost, Trini7 y Rd., Halifax, HX 1 2BR. (No stamp required). l am at Last I 8 years old and interested in applying for the Halifax Visa Card. Please send me further details. Nam TV/G/1
Address
VISA
USE IT WHEN MONEY MATTERS
HALIFAX VISA CARD IS ISSUED BY HALIFAX BUILDING SOCIETY, TRINITY ROAD. HALIFAX. WEST YORKSHIRE, HXI 2RG. FOR WRITTEN DETAILS OF CREDIT TERMS PLEASE WRITE TO THIS ADDRESS OR CALL IN AT ANY LOCAL BRANCH.
SHOPELECT rAM AT YOUR ELECTRICITY BOARD SHOP CREDA
Concept Solarplus with two fast Halogen Heat rings. and 'Solarplus' grill. 112 20 1
£699 99
The symbols shown represent special features incorporated in the cookers. SEE KEY AT BASE OF PAGE.
BUY NOW 4 PAY FEBRUARY' TRICITY President 2558 B ®
BELLING Forum 500 C.
(DEE®it'a 1EtD1 1499 .99
'a.•PASINSM.,
6 © Easy Clean Ceramic Hob
Rapid Radiant Ring Hob
Pull or Hall Heat grill
112201
r
FREE DELIVERY • FREE CONNECTION* RELIABLE AFTER SALES SERVICE .
*Cash Sales. Subject to availability. At your Electricity Board Shop in England. Wales and North of Scotland Hydro Board. The Electricity Council. 'On these cookers. free connection to a suitable adjacent cooker point and applies to freestanding cookers only.
`Dramal Vwtory, Defeat s Shame' HE date: Tuesday 27 September 1988. A grey, drizzly autumn day in the heart of London. Halfway across the world the athlete Ben Johnson is on a Korean Airways flight, literally fleeing home to Canada in disgrace from the Seoul Olympics. He's been sensationally stripped of his 100m gold medal and for once the word sensation is appropriate. It's the biggest sports story for years, a red hot news day, and the reverberations are starting to build big headlines around the globe. At ITN House in London — heart of Independent Television's national and international news gathering operation, housing nearly 1,000 staff in a cramped, corner-site glass building — journalists and technical staff are trying to knock the Johnson drug abuse story into shape for the TV news bulletins and especially for the flagship News at Ten programme. Just before I lam, ITN Editor and Chief Executive David Nicholas gathers 17 of his senior executives and department heads round him in his fourth floor office to discuss the day's news. One story — unusually — dominates both home and foreign news schedules. Today it is fallen hero Ben Johnson. In the crisp, matter-offact way of journalists, Nicholas and his team map out how ITN news will tackle the Johnson story, both in Seoul and around the world. As the day progresses, nearly half of ITN's duty overseas camera crews and reporters will be involved with the Olympic champion's downfall. Other things are happening at home and abroad, of course, and must be covered. Staff have to be assigned, stories written, committed to film and, it is hoped, transmitted to audiences
Hot news: the full impact of Ben Johnson's fall from grace is brought out by 'News at Ten's Julie K eith using state-of-the-art graphics
Ever wondered how today's headlines reach your TV? JAMES GILHEANY goes behind the scenes at ITN on one of the year's biggest news days.. . across the world. Apart from 26-year-old Johnson, the most disgraced athlete in Olympic history, the home news team are looking out for the expected bad trade figures (higher interest rates, mortgages?); the Malaysian Prime Minister is in London to sign a massive £1.5 billion arms deal with Britain; the Social and Liberal Democrats are continuing their row over what to call themselves; and the Princess of Wales is visiting Ford's huge Halewood, Merseyside car plant. Duty Home News Editor Mervyn Hall mentions a possible tailpiece for News at Ten: A pensioner in a woolly hat has gone into a boutique in West Wales, tried on some expensive clothes, then she produced a gun and demanded the till money. The flabbergasted assistant has said 'no', the open shop door has trig-
MIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
gered off the bell, and the unlikely robber has scarpered. The story lightens the atmosphere.. . Foreign News Editor Robin Staniforth also has Johnson in the number one slot on his news list, followed by the Gibraltar IRA deaths inquest, the forthcoming US Space Shuttle launch and a number of other items. Channel Four News Editor Garron Baines (C4 receive
I suppose some people still think newscasters swan in about 10 minutes before doing on air,
a full ITN news service) leads his schedule with Johnson as well. Nicholas clarifies a few points with his team and the Olympics story is fleshed out. There's the mopping up and reaction story from Seoul, with Sports Correspondent Mark Austin and Far East Correspondent Jeremy Thompson already in place; reaction from top athletes, doctors, and anabolic steroid users in Britain; and the covering of Johnson's flight when it touches down in New York, en route to his home in Toronto, Canada. The meeting lasts just 20 minutes before the staff filter back, most of them to the dingy, gloomy firstfloor ITN Newsroom. There's barely an inch of spare space and little free desk top surface, thanks to the profusion of phones, TV monitors and computer keyboards with their accompanying
monitor screens. The Basys computer system allows Newsroom staff to tap into all major wire services and lets them write their own scripts as well. In graphics, which provides still and moving graphics for news bulletins, a system identifying any part of the world and projecting it on to the screen in map form has actually been acquired from the CIA. One small but refreshing point — although the Newsroom has no typewriters in it, the studio autocue machines which help newcasters with their on-air scripts are still wound by hand at three words per second, though there are plans to automate them eventually. Newsrooms tend to the austere and ITN's is no exception. Today there's the special buzz which comes with a big news story. It's almost tangible and everyone is carried along on a wave of excitement and anticipation. Every so often the computer system emits a 'ping' as a brief warning of a major news story being put out. What if Johnson gives an exclusive interview to ITN? What if he makes a full confession and explains to a bemused world why he has wrecked his career and thrown away an estimated £15 million in advertising sponsorship? The questions remain unasked — but they don't have to be. The journalist's job, in whatever part of the media, can be boiled down to the 'five W's': What?, Why?, When?' Where?, and Who?. With the Johnson story the answer to several of these questions are already known but the biggest enigma of all remains to be answered: Why? Duty News at Ten Programme Editor Nick Pollard, responsible for marshalling the journalistic continued on page 29 II.
27
AMSTRAD FIDELITY EASY PROGRAMMER VIDEOS. THE EASIEST VIDEOS OF ALL TO PROGRAMME. The new Easy Programmer Videos from Amstrad Fidelity are for all those who can't stand instruction books. You don't just get a remote control. You get a unique Easy Programmer remote control that actually asks you for everything it needs to know, step by step, so you set the video up perfectly every time, without even
- 1 1 II VtErl START Tim END Tin
1
leaving your chair. Forget the manual. You won't need it!
fl
The latest in video programming systems even easier than pressing the buttons! Load in times and programmes auto-
BARCODE SCANNER
matically using the bar code scanner
incorporated in the handset.
-•• • os so • soolf•o • S•t. When you've made different recordings
•
one after another on the same tape, how
do you find them again? Easy! The Indexer
automatically marks the start points electronically - so you can find them without endlessly going to and fro. Amstrad Fidelity videos ... can turn 4 hour tapes into 8 hour tapes record programmes up to a month ahead ... fast-forward at high speed with pictures still on sdreen .. and contain HQ circuitry for brilliant viewing quality every time. Easy Programmer Videos only from Amstrad Fidelity.
So ecisyl even grown-urn Can use them. SATELLITE COMPATIBLE
EASY PROGRAMMER
EASY PROGRAMMER WITH BARCODE SCANNER & INDEXER
299. £349. VCR 6000
VCR 6100
Adams, Agri, Allders, Argos, Baskills, Bennetts of Newcastle, Boots, Clydesdale, Colourvision, Comet, CO-OP/CRS, u Currys Derwent Sound and Vision, Dixons, ElectricalDi scount Stores, Gateway Sperstores, Granada, Hughes TV & Audio, Ketts, Laskys, Electricity Boards and all good stockists. Edwin P. Lees, John Lewis, F.A. Page, Rumbe lows, Visionhire, selected
Available at participating branches of: B.B.
Please send me more information on Amstrad Fidelity Easy Programmer Videos. NAME
AMSTRAD
Amstrad plc, Brentwood House, 169 Kings Road, Brentwood, Essex CM14 4EE Tel. (0277) 230222 R.R.P. prices (inc VAT) correct at 1.9.88. Prices subject to change without notice. Products subject to availability. Recording. public performance or broadcast of any copyri ght material requires the consent of the copyright owner. See COPYRIGHT ACT 1956 and PERFORMANCE PROTECTION ACT 1958/1972_ Amstrad and Fidelity are the Registered Trademarks and Amstrad VCR 6100/6000 and Easy Programmer are Trademarks of Amstrad plc 1988 Amstrad plc All rights reserved.
ITN: W here no news O. continued from page 27 content of the night's bulletin, gathers his staff round him. They're just discussing coverage of Johnson in greater detail when his phone rings. He grabs it: 'News at Ten.' Pollard's voice changes, becomes soft. 'How did it go?' Then he listens briefly, grins as he puts the receiver down. There's an important news story in his personal life — son Joe, age 30 months, has just started his first morning at nursery school. Pollard's wife, Sally, reports there were a few tears until little Joe recognised the daughter of News at One Editor Andrew Tilley at the West London school. There's a low turnover of staff at ITN and friendships forged over the years are strong and deep. It helps when the pressure is really on — which is most of the time. The company budget runs at about £60 million annually and, since its foundation in 1955, ITN has built up an unrivalled reputation for quality broadcasting both at home and worldwide. The company now provides viewers with a round-the-clock news service amounting to 16 bulletins daily, if you count Super Channel, which feeds news to a dozen European countries. Diplomatic Editor Jon Snow, standing in as News at One newscaster, has had a frustrating time. He's spent more than four hours setting up and recording an interview with Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to break the four-minute mile. Bannister can't leave Pembroke College, Oxford, where he is Master, so a crew go to him, Snow conducting the interview by phone. 'Had he been in Los Angeles it would have been easier,' says Snow drily. 'We'd have taken him into a studio, satellite link to London. Report in the can, no problem. He's only 40 miles away instead of 5,000 but it's a very good example of just how time consuming this job
Editor and Chief Executive David Nicholas (above) studies the day's schedule which includes an interview with Dr Peter Sperryn (right) and the Discovery' launch (below)
The news team considers the day's news stories (left). How should they handle the Princess Diana visit (above)? can sometimes be.' Reporter Paul Davies is despatched just after noon with cameraman Bob Hammond, sound recordist John Sharman and lighting engineer Martin Harrow to interview drugs-in-sport expert Dr Peter Sperryn, honorary medical adviser to the British Amateur Athletic Board. They chat for a few minutes as the gear is set up in the front room of Sperryn's New Malden, Surrey, home. The interview goes smoothly until a messenger delivering a parcel rings the doorbell during mid-question. As the resumed interview ends a light bulb explodes with a loud bang. The lighting engineer says: 'Bulbs blow from time to time — normally more quietly.' Driving back to London to edit his contribution Davies says: 'Had we been really pushed for time I'd have done a garden interview. But Dr Sperryn's comments have taken the story one step forward. 'Television news can't stand still. Each bulletin has to be an advance.' Davies has been in since 8am and won't leave until
T 1 TIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
... is very bad news!
W e've got to be on top of the big news stories and know their background
after News at Ten is finished.. The News at One bulletin has gone out, leading on Johnson. All thoughts are now on the 5.45 bulletin, a tightly-packaged, no frills affair. At 3.25pm, the Home News Editor announces that the Princess of Wales has been wolf-whistled by workers at the Ford plant. Five minutes later and the international news agency tapes are full of the latest Johnson news. His flight has just touched down in New York. Cover there for ITN is being provided by one of the major US TV networks as Washington Correspondent Tim Ewart is redeployed to cover John-
son's expected arrival home in Toronto. But Johnson — later reported as having wept on the flight — gives reporters the slip and disappears into the labyrinth that is New York City. 'We've lost him, but we're chasing,' says the Foreign Editor. He's more used to a diet of international crises, political stories, coups, economics on a world scale, but finds the Johnson story a refreshing change. • 'It's a personal tragedy, of course, but in news terms very strong. Drama, victory, defeat, shame — great ingredients. 'It's also rather thoughtprovoking, making us ponder about drugs in sport generally and about our own athletes.' News at 5.45, presented by Fiona Armstrong, updates the Johnson story with film of the mad media scrum in New York as the runner arrives. The bulletin starts badly as the Olympic footage wobbles and Programme Editor/Producer Derek Dowsett in the Studio Two control gallery looks worried. The machine running the tape for live trans-
mission has started to chew it up but the fault corrects itself. Viewers have a shaky picture for several seconds. Human error brings the bulletin to a late end. Forty seconds from the scheduled sign-off someone forgets to press the appropriate button and the credits run 10 seconds over. It doesn't sound much, but it means other ITV stations around the country having to juggle their follow-on programmes accordingly. The faulty machine is checked out, the person who missed their cue ticked off. 'We're all human — but programmes should end when they're meant to,' says Dowsett. Fiona Armstrong is relaxed. She's been doing the bulletin for 15 months and starts each working day with a 10am visit to the hairdresser's near the studio for a wash and blow dry — 'every woman's dream, but a bit of a chore really,' she confesses. 'I bone up on the papers before I come in, then have regular updates. Every day I set time aside to answer viewers' letters. They might be critical of what I wear, my earrings, a particular blouse, or praiseworthy, but I think it's important to try to answer them all.' By mid-afternoon, the News at Ten newscasters Alastair Burnet and Alastair Stewart are working on their scripts in the newsroom. They have a big say in editorial content, writing the headlines and some of the stories. Stewart says: 'I suppose some people still think newscasters swan in about 10 minutes before going on air, are made up, read the news, then clock off again for a bottle of wine — but it's not true. 'We've got to be on top of the big stories and know their background, otherwise we wouldn't really know what we're talking about. 'The public would realise that. My day starts with Radio Four news at 7am followed by all the papers, so I'm involved with news right from first continued on page 30 PP.
29
1110. continued from page 29 thing until I go to bed. The newscaster has two distinct functions — giving viewers information clearly and in a polished way, and making it understandable, fun and interesting. I enjoy the job enormously, but it's a bit like keeping all those plates spinning on top of canes without them falling off and smashing.' At 6.20pm the Programme and Foreign Editors are eating canteen meals at their desk — pork casserole and curry respectively. The evening hours fly past as film packages are put together in the editing rooms. Central TV phones to offer footage of a surfer setting a world record by riding an exceptionally high Severn Bore for 2.4 miles. It will make News at Ten, displacing the robber granny. The last big evening meeting before News at Ten involves the Programme Editor, home and foreign desks, newscasters, Super Channel representative, graphics, and director Jacqui Bromley, whose job it is to co-
ordinate all technical aspects and turn out a smooth programme. Sometimes she works with husband Phil Moger, a duty News at Ten Programme Editor, though not tonight, when Nick Pollard has that role and will mastermind journalistic content. Her job? 'It's like being a fighter pilot. While everyone is shouting at you, you're trying to fly the plane, to dodge the many obstacles.' Ten minutes to trans-
Nerve-racking: the two A lastairs clear their throats and straighten their ties as the clock in the 'News at Ten' control room shows two minutes to go mission and Alastair Bur- to roll, Ben Johnson has minute, 40-second comnet has already been arrived home in Toronto mercial break. It doesn't made up — each news- — still saying nothing. run a second over. Behind the scenes it caster has their own This will lead News at Ten, plus the Seoul reac- appears chaotic but to the make-up box. viewer the newscasters Alastair Stewart is tion, medical views, comhaving light make-up ap- ments from other athletes, perform faultlessly and a highly polished package the programme links are plied by Joan Watson. invisible. They know each other still being worked on. This is professionalism A strong new line well, Stewart lets his mind freewheel during this en- indicates more possible with a capital P from all forced leisure time. It Olympic drugs shocks involved and the outsider including a British athlete can only sit and watch in helps him relax. wonder as the proWatson says Stewart suspected of cheating. Jacqui Bromley sits in gramme is beamed into never needs much attention . . . 'Just a major front of nearly 50 TV millions of homes. The relief is great when reconstruction job,' the monitors in the control room. News at Ten is up it's over, and the day team newscaster replies. Two minutes later the and running now and, disperse for home as the two Alastairs are in Studio with the skill of an or- night staff take over. Some drift over to the wine bar One, adjusting suit jackets chestra conductor she coordinates home and opposite for a much and ties. needed and well deserThey run through the foreign news packages, headlines between the live satellite links, last- ved drink. Says the programme 'bongs' — the Big Ben minute script changes, chimes. As the seconds two items dropped from editor: 'A Johnson interview would have wraptick away, the atmosphere the running order.. . The bulletin is slotted ped it up. . . but there's in the control room is for 29 minutes, 10 se- always tomorrow.' electric. There is indeed. With the bulletin ready conds, including a two-
wr
ALTHOUGH WE'VE MADE THEM HAPPY, WE'RE STILL CRYING OUT FOR HELP. Every day The Children's Society puts a smile on the face of thousands of disadvantaged children and young people in Britain. By making their lives worth living, despite their problems. Whether they're feeling the effects of unemployment, poor housing or learning to cope with physical or mental disability. We have houses in the community where young people who are disabled can lead as near to ordinary lives as possible. We run day centres for children in inner city areas and for teenagers who need a place to meet and help in finding jobs. As well as refuges and advice centres for young runaways living rough on the streets. We can't solve all these children's problems, but we can make every day worth getting up for. Yet no matter how much good we do we still have one big handicap - a shortage of money. And that's something you can overcome by filling in the coupon below. I want to help The Children's Society's work with young people. I enclose £30 ❑ Please make cheques payable to 'The Children's Society: £10 ❑ Other £ £20 or write your Visa or Access number here ❑
Name Address Postcode Please help us by sending your donation to The Children's Society.
The Children's Society
FREEPOST. London WCIX OBR. or telephone 01-837 4299.
MAKING LIVES WORTH LIVING
A Voluntary Society of the Church of England and the Church in Wales.
30
0% FINANCE OR £99 DOWN APR 11-6%
‘-,
AS IF WHAT'S UNDER THE BONNET DOESN'T MAKE IT GO FAST ENOUGH. There are 16 different Renault 5s, from the £5,095 Campus* to the 126 mph GT Turbo.* And they're all nippy. But right now they're going faster than ever. That's because, for a limited period, your Renault dealer is offering a choice of easy ways to buy one. For example, £99 down at 11.6% APR. Or 0% finance over two years. So catch one while you can. There's never yq
been a better time to make a quick getaway in the most stylish hatchback around. The Renault 5 range from £5,095 to .S9,235. Visit your local dealer or phone 0800 400 415 (24 hours/ THERE'S MORE free) for a brochure. TO LIFE WITH All Renault cars have a 12 month unlimited RENAULT mileage and six year anti-perforation warranty.
THE RENA ULT 5 RA NGE FROM £5,095t
P,te 5Cantcrs A.395.5 GTTurbo L9615 Pus offer n sub,ect to credit status and apples to my new Renault 5..orcleredancl regniere0 betvreen September 251,0clober als1 1988 Offer does not include Channel Isl.). Written Quotations avaiableon re.est frpm any Renaul dealer {see Yeiow Pag.)..Caedd fealm.pcpoded by Renault loan Ltd.NWS tiotese.Crly PoM.C.ster XCH 993AN. Al [Incas correct at Ime of going to press tPrices include 15%VAT.Car Tax.frent,ear seal 1305 and sound system: number plates and debar, extra RF-VAIIII recommend ei f lubricants.
•^:
LOW TO MIDDL Warning: MORE THAN 30,000 PEOPLE DIE E
.
Health Departments
TAR As defined by H.M. Government CH YEAR IN THE UK FROM LUNG CANCER Chief Medical Officers
THE QUICKEST WAY TO CUT CHARGES ON YOUR CURRENT ACCOUNT IS TO GO STRAIGHT FROM B TO A •
These days avoiding bank charges is as easy as crossing the street. And walking straight into the nearest Abbey National. Because at Abbey National you'll find a current account which operates without a single transaction charge. Even with an approved overdraft. There's no charge for cheques. No charge for Abbeylink cash machine withdrawals. And no charge for statements,
standing orders or direct debits. Yet the financial advantages of an Abbey National Current Account don't end there. Far from it in fact. Because you'll also earn interest on your money. Interest which is calculated daily and credited monthly. So, unlike a bank customer, at the end of the month you could end up with more money in your account than you put in. And, as well as that, we'll supply you
with a £50 cheque guarantee card (or a £100 one if you meet the requirements). For details about how easy it is to switch your account to Abbey National, just walk into the branch across the street. But first remember to look right, left and right again. And then look forward to no more charges.
I
THE MOST CURRENT ACCOUNT.
M
att Vi1(ifil°01(44"••• Information, please, on The Krypton Factor . B 1.ICIIS on 10 J une 1942, radio GOTC1011. presenter in Belfa s t Gordon, ball vvorkedmoving in nevvspaper journalism and to television. He joined Ulster r editor and pesented the before regional news programme `LITV Reports', TV as sports before joining presented Granada he TV, where nada Reports', Grp 'Reports Politics' and 500'• He has 'The Granada also reported for 1TV's World in Action'. He and son, wife Sheelagh have a Tris, 22, a daughter, ne, and a cat na, A n ni called Seb. They live in Hale, near Altrincham, Cheshir e. a
E
• Alan Partridge (Dicken Ashworth) and wife Sam (Dinah May) in 'Brookside'
Better and better TVTini es 247 Tottenham Court Road London W 1P OAU
What a marvellous play ITV's Better Days was! The characters were so well-drawn and the casting exactly right. Top marks to everyone connected with it: to Robert Pugh for writing it, to Glyn Houston for his perfect Edgar and a special accolade to Dicken Ashworth as Billy — what a performance! I hope this was his first of many roles.
Great TY tnioht-S00 Alinaerfollowea 69 arealtreat-a ow series :If, .....-
MO iel.fhen a repeat oftelincerthen IvliO&erThe of minOetry
Kay Stewart, Belfast Dicken A shworth has appeared in 'Minder', Juliet Bravo', 'The Gentle Touch', 'Blake's Seven' and the C4 serial 'Brookside' as A lan Partridge. W atch out for him in forthcoming episodes of ITV 's 'The Bill' and `The Two of Us', the next series of 'Gentlemen and Players' and a drama called 'Strangers In a Dark Night'.
...,„
Pearl of a fund-raiser I must correct a comment, on the Dear Katie! page, that there are no charities raising money by collecting the paper bands around balls of wool. Every band from Peter Pan, the baby knitting yarn, carries the Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital symbol and wool shops throughout the country are collecting them. For every one sent to us, we donate 1p to the hospital. We have already donated £25,000 and are on the way to giving a further, similar sum. P J C Griffin, Group MD Wendy and Peter Pan Handknitting Yarns Guiseley, West Yorkshire
Katie Boyle says: 'How wonderful to find, at last, a firm donating to charity money from collecting wool bands — and to hear that it has already raised so much. Please keep collecting.'
Funnyman Joe's so cool Congratulations to the sensational Joe Longthorne for giving us a wonderful halfhour of entertainment. His weekly ITV shows have given him the opportunity to prove what a fine singer and impressionist he is.
Miss Beverley Barnes Wolverhampton, Staffs
vtlfgEs ), 'PhD
.
I've been out of Britain quite a bit this
summer, but it seemed that every time I came back there was a repeat of Minder on ITV. And, no, I'm not complaining. Of course, George Cole and Dennis Waterman are perfectly cast, as were many of the supporting players. But what makes Minder such a treat are the ingenious storylines and witty, realistic dialogue. ITV can play the lot right through and then, like painting the Forth Bridge, go back and start again! Eric Winter, Mossley, Lancashire Y ou'll be glad to hear that ITV will be
showing a 'Minder' Christmas special, followed by a new series next year.
No 5
you could win a fabulous Philips 14in colour portable television. All you need to do is solve this week's prize crossword. As usual, there are two sets of clues - and our pictured star, whose rearranged name is spelt out in the shaded squares. When you've completed the crossword, stick or attach it firmly to a postcard, and identify the pictured star. Add your name and address and send it to: TV Times Prize Crossword No 5, PO Box 502, Leicester LE99 DAD. The first all-correct entry examined on Friday 28 October 1988 will win. Usual TV Timesrules apply. Answers in two weeks' time example (anag). 10 Has Leslie a tree that's been burned? (anag) 11 Granted if you take the Michael for a benefit. 12 Reynolds takes an early look at Richard Burton. 13 Brill, that's a little bit on the fabulous side! 15 Seem to be after Andy
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
, Louise Barton
Play it again, Arfur...
If you're all clued up on TV and showbusiness,
7 Hollywood statuettes for outstanding movie achievements, Reds got three (7,6). 8 Cold blooded-type like Nanook of the North perhaps? 9 Let time go by with a crazy look at part of Please Sir! for
—
Rize d Cteassbyi.Eric 4g'‘eLinden.
ACROSS
\0
DOWN Pandy's fruit to get on a screen. 17 The alternate current is doubled up and I take the first letter to the tree. 19 If this fails then it really is the end of the road, or maybe the final seaside place, to find Jonathan Ross (3,4,6).
I The Big Yin's lady can be found at The Secret Policeman's Ball with as ample a knockabout comedy role as can be imagined (anag). 2 Tar the sailor and the slasher provide Caine with an East End killer of old who was never
Every now and then, there's an interview on the box with some arty notable who turns out to be full of buzzwords. By contrast, Celebration: Face to Face, in the Granada TV region, gave ballet celebrity Christopher Gable a chance to talk about his career. His
manner was down-toearth, and engrossing. He is obviously a born teacher and should do very well as artistic director of the Northern Ballet Theatre. I wish him every success.
John Makepeace Preston Lancashire
Truly gripping Did anyone ever write to tell you what an absorbing series is C4's True Stories? The exposition on Neville Chamberlain's disastrous policies showed the then British Prime Minister and his European contemporaries as, at
caught. (4,3,6). 3 A side that was led by Hannibal, by George! 4 Henry's girl and Peter's sister makes her identity plain enough — but she's certainly no plain one. 5 Part of this programme of course is assaulted — by the contestants in an overall not party frock (snag 7,6) 6 At the back of it all is a stern type like Captain Bligh (snag). 12 Star — director of the Reds who captured one 7 across looking astonishingly like the next one. 14 Famed Black horse is Linda's part against Ron's beastly one, and may even be Sleeping. 16 Run off some Scottish place initially for Jonathan. 18 Picked up by Steve Davis and Jimmy White by way of on-stage hints.
QUICK CLUES Across: 7 Oscars (7,6). 8 Greenland native. 9 Pass. 10 OA . TS Eyes'
actress. 11 Elphick's character. 12 Lancaster. 13 Great (coil). 15 Take part on stage. 17 Related to themimosa.19 Jonathan's show (3,4,6). Down:l Stephenson. 2 Victorian murderer of prostitutes (4,3,6). 3 Elevenplayers. 4 Fonda, of ComesA Horseman. 5 ABurns presentation (7,6). 6 Behind.12 Shirley MacLaine's brother, Warren.14 Goes with theBeast.16 Presenter of 19 across. 18 Actor's prompts. ANSWERS to Crossword No 3 Across:1 God. 5 Tim. 7 Marsden.10 Duchess of York. 11 Ness. 14 Army. 16 Ross. 18 Hale. 21 Adam Dalghesh. 25 Drivers. 26 Ewe.27 Les. Down: I Gordon. 2 Kate. 3 Asks.4 Beef. 6 Mickey. 8 Acts.9 Roar.12 Ego. 13 SAS. 14 Ash. 15 Mel. 16 Roache. 17 Star. 19 Amen. 20 Echoes. 22 Dirk.23 Live. 24 Lord. Pictured: Brian Walden.
worst, con-artists and, at best, fools. Perhaps someone will do the same for our present 'leaders' — but let's hope we don't have to wait 40 years for the truth.
Charles Boyd Bishop Auckland County Durham
The Philips 14in colour portable television is worth almost £150 and is currently the best selling TV set in the UK. It comes to you equipped with presets for 12 channels, and fast tuning with an onscreen tuning bar. It sports a dark screen for a clearer picture and has a hand grip for easy portability.
GIGAN DET
You've seen the show now snap up Motormouth the Great New Special Issue Magazine!
‹\\
\A‘,
13N ** 4%.*Aks1v-4NICH FOR ONLY
It's here! Your own bumper-sized. all-action, full colour MOTORMOUTH MAG! 32 tasty pages packed with pies, gossip and fab features starring all the characters who created Motormouth.
A IOEORMOI SPECIAL ONLY
Specially produced to mark the launch of this great new TV weekend series, MOTORMOUTH is TRULY AWESOME. A one-off, just-for-you special issue magazine packed with all the fillings you love! AND IT'S YOURS FOR JUST including P&P!
(inc. P&P) The moon affects ourmoods, our lovelives, our whole world. This beautiful, fascinating and unusual watch reveals the changing lunarphases day byday as well as showing the time and date. 100% Swiss made, hand-assembled by Gigandet M the Jura region of Switzerland - the remarkable Moon Watch can now be yours for just £39.50, with a * Single jewel, analogic quartz action superb velour presentation gift pouch. * 18 carat gold plated solid brass casing, Allow28 days for delivery. Ifnot dehghted, winder, hour and minute fingers return within 14 days for complete refund * Scratch resistant mineral glass to Gigandet UK, 136 Bolton Road, * Internationally guaranteed for 12 months. Rochdale, Lancashire OL11 4QX. .
CHECK THESE GREAT FILLINGS! * SPIN OFF Cesco, Bogrolls, Jimmy and Lucinda in a zany story of mixed identities! * BEHIND THE TEETH MM Mag climbs inside the mouth to dig around the cavities * TRAP DOOR Berk, Boni and Drutt mess up the Trap Door Kitchen! Has the Thing turned Vegetarian?
PLUS!
—
W HILE STOCKS LAST ! ! !
Please send me Gigandet Mens Moon W atch (black leather strap) Gigandet W omens Moon W atch (black leather strap) (CRED1TCARDHOLDERS) Gigandet Mens Moon W atch (natural leather strap) Oe Gigandet W omens Moon W atch (natural leather strap) C £39.50 each (including P & P). I enclose a cheque payable to Gigandet UK for £ ... (total)
esORDER BY PHONE
",,.....tball! Animal Ark Day and lots, lots more! Be-Our-Guest Motormouth Competition! Anwftgp.foo Post to: MOTORMOUTH, P.W#01E YES! RUSH ME THE SPECIAXT I enclose my chequeipostal or
EX CLUSIV E OFFER SEND TODA Y
061-236 7113
or debit my A ccess/V isa A ccount number A ddress
Name
Great Universal' FREEPOST, ROYAL AVENUE, WIDNES WA8 7BR
We deliver the goods.
A tiny blood clot can cause enormous problems. The pain of angina. A stroke if it reaches the brain. And, if it blocks the arteries of the heart, it can kill. Research is trying to find out what causes blood clots. How they grow. And, more importantly, how to prevent them. But if we're to continue funding this work, the British Heart Foundation needs your help. If you return the coupon today, you can help us find ways of saving thousands of lives from coming to a full stop.
The more you help us,the more well find out. Here's how you can help us in our work:
I asv , o3u9cher
FREE 1,000-page catalogue with FREE DELIVERY, 14 DAYS' HOME APPROVAL and 20 or I 38 weeks INTEREST FREE CREDIT. To receive your FREE GIFT when you start shopping from the AUTUMN/WINTER 1988 CATALOGUE tick the box above, fill in your name I and address below and FREEPOST the coupon today. Or Dial-a-Catalogue frog on . (0204) 395155 and quote the Dept. No. by the gift 01 your choice. 111.11
0.30.3 rn ad 7es we resume "7"e"") " 777 ono erre , OSUpPty On anernafive wnefe neCessory I. °vox, OSapporgmen7
Big enough to kill 102,000 people every year
Please send me more details on the work of the BHF .
Please send me more details on how to leave a legacy.
Name Address
I'm enclosing a donation. Please send me a copy of your Christmas gift catalogue.
Postcode
Please send this coupon to: The BHF, 102 Gloucester Place, London W1H 4DH. Or ring 01-200 0200 N/TVT/ 10.19
British Heart Foundation The heart research charity.
The actors who make the adverts
o's the twice on the tip o our tongue?
In the precarious world of showbiz , voice-overs for television commercials have become the fast food' service for an elite in the acting profession. SARAH BOND reveals some of the scores of well-known voices and faces behind some popular adverts you can see on screen.. . .
he personal bleeper bulging under the jackets or slung around the waists of various actors, says it all. These electronic devices alert a growing number of actors — men and women — to the fact that their voices are required for radio and TV adverts. Well-known names — and others not so easily recognised — are now entering a highly lucrative world of the advertising voice-over which was once sneered at. More than 250 actors compete to use their voices to 'sell' anything from luxurious scent to loo rolls. Ray Brooks, Simon Cadell, Michael Elphick, Robert Powell, Anthony Hopkins, Jon Pertwee, Dennis Waterman, Hannah Gordon, Felicity Kendal, Gordon Jackson, Richard Briers, Una Stubbs, Nigel Havers, Patrick Allen, Miriam Margolyes and Anthony Valentine are among those at the top of the list, while film stars like John Hurt — who did the chilling AIDS adverts — are not averse to a quick voice-over either; not surprisingly at around 100 for an hour's work. The top voice-over artists — people who do nothing else — can scoop a cool half a million pounds a year because they can pack in eight or more sessions a day. On top of the recording fee they can earn several thousands of pounds more from repeat fees. 'It's 90 per cent luck in this business;' says Glynis
Brooks, the woman of a thousand voices over the past eight years. 'I don't know any voice-over actor who doesn't sit back and thank their lucky stars, because with acting you never know where the next job is coming from. 'Voice-overs are a respectable way of earning indecent sums of money,' she says. Rumbling Bill Mitchell is one of the big earners, known for his Orson Welles-style 'probably the best lager in the world'. Terry Wogan is into Toggs nappies and used
6111,as once paid £4000 for a one-sentence voice–over, but didn't realise until too late that it was for toilet cleaner..., to be into Flora, while Geoffrey Palmer is the man who gets his tongue around Audi's 'Vorsprung durch Technik', among many, many other products. Michael Gambon may be praising Pal dog food one minute and packing a theatre the next. Alan Coren once got cast as a talking lavatory, and Derek Jameson was shocked to find his voice lent itself to the loo, too. 'I was once paid £4000 for a one-sentence voiceover but didn't realise until too late that it was for toilet cleaner — I won-
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Patrick Allen, the doyen of voice-over artists, now owns his own sound studios dered if it would be good for my image,' Jameson says. Boon star Michael Elphick's guttural tones lend themselves to British Coal, while well-spoken heartthrob Nigel Havers is the soft upper-class voice behind the Wella Balsam Shampoo commercials. But it's not a skill every actor can master. If the voice isn't right, many — however well known —
Mike Grady can hawk their expensive demo tapes around Soho without making a single sale. 'Everyone carries bleepers for their voiceover agents,' says actor Mike Grady, who is to star in a new ITV sitcom next year. His is the lozenged voice saying Tunes help us 'breathe more easily', as well as that behind ITT Television, Pepsi-Cola and a host of other ads. 'You
can get called at a moment's notice. The whole thing is over in a couple of hours or less and it can be hair-raising. 'When you leave home for the studio, you have no idea .what you're being called to do. It could be anything from dubbing a little mouse eating cheese to the classic line: "We want you to sound like a silent movie star!" 'I used to be amazed at the big-name actors I would see popping in and out of sound studios around Soho,' says Grady. 'But now I wouldn't bat an eyelid if I bumped into Clint Eastwood.' Patrick Allen, Sixties action man star, has been king of the commercials for the last 22 years, thanks to his dark, velvet voice. He's behind Post Office stamps, Fiji perfume, Nivea, Maxwell House, and many more. And not only have the adverts kept the stepson of the Marquis of Downshire in the style to which he became accustomed, but he now has three businesses of his own, including a stake in the St John's Wood Studios in London where a large percentage of adverts are made. "I started when I was flat broke, doing a theatre
season at Stratford, and at that time the idea of doing voice-overs was absolutely beneath everyone. They said sniffily that I was giving up acting, which wasn't true — I'm still an actor first and foremost. 'At one point, I was doing 25 per cent of all the commercials on air, I was certainly king pin, and I'm living on my reputation now,' he says, smiling. 'Then suddenly fellow actors realised I was making money, and in the last 10 years, many more have moved into voiceovers — now it's positively booming. 'The worst commercial I did was way back, on an ad for cigarettes set to come out straight after the Budget: Because we didn't know what the tax would be, we had to do it 20 different ways raising the price by a half-penny each time.' 'That was an all-day job saying the same words over and over again,' he recalls. 'Anyone going into voice-overs would have to enjoy them or they would go a bit mad.' Miriam Margolyes, who played Wilhelmina Warlock the witch in Mr .
Miriam Margolyes
Majeika, describes herself as short, fat but immensely talented and far from mad. Behind her outsize figure lies one of the most beautiful voices on our screens. It's Miriam who produced the silky, seductive sounds that we all assume must belong to a gorgeous, bikini-clad glamour girl in those famous Manikin cigar commercials of yesteryear. For years, Miriam has been queen of the voiceovers, from barking like a dog alongside Percy Edwards in the Renault 5 ad to those chimps who so enjoy their P.G. Tips. And, as she counts up the
continued overpage
37
continued from page 37 cheques, she has the last laugh. 'I'm Rent-a-Gullet,' chortles the proud owner of five homes (four in Europe, one in Australia). And not everybody can do it — it takes a long time to learn how to clip half a second off the time, or to be sincere about certain products. Today, Miriam is so skilful that advertisers often ask her advice in the studio on what kind of voice would be best for their product. 'It's not as easy as it looks. You're asked to give a full performance in 30 seconds, and you're asked to create a character full of warmth and sincerity immediately. What's more, you have to speak very fast. But it's also very good fun. 'There was a time when "serious" actors wouldn't dream of doing it, but now they can't wait.' As to providing the voices for the sex-bombs, she says: 'Beautiful people
Ray Brooks nearly always have dreadful voices. It's probably nature's way of evening things up.' Big Deal star Ray Brooks has for years been a worthy pretender to Patrick Allen's throne as The Voice. The sad-eyed hero with those boyish looks has made a fortune using his voice to extol the soft appeal of Lenor's fabric conditioner and Dixel Toilet tissue. Voice-overs kept the lovable Brooks off the breadline when he spent 10 years in the acting wilderness following his big Sixties film successes The Knack and Cathy Come Home. 'I turned down too many parts looking for the right ones, and during those years my wife and I faced a lot of hardship. I was really broke. At that time,' he
38
confesses, ,'established actors turned up their noses at voice-over work, but I didn't care. The spectre of my childhood poverty haunted me and I was glad of the work, 'My mother was a Brighton bus conductress, and she told me the only way to get on was to speak well — so she sent me for elecution lessons. 'But when I first started doing voice-overs, I wasn't very good — it took quite a while to master the technique. There were only about 30 of us in those days, including my friend Richard Briers. Now there must be more than 200.' In spite of success in series like Big Deal, Brooks has gone back to the voice-over business to supplement his earnings. But he admits he's a worrier. 'I worry all the time that I will have no work and will be forced to discard all the material things which are the fabric and security of my family. 'I have a lovely house, a car, a successful career and yet I still feel as if I'm standing on sand. I can't sit back and relax — uncertainty and fear are my constant companions.' But life is a lot better than the bleak days when he would die a death at dinner parties if someone asked him what he did. 'I'd have to say I'm an actor, and they would say, "What have you done?" So I would have to explain that I did voice-overs, and made more money than their oil executive husbands,' he says. Glynis Brooks was a radio soap star on W ag-
Glynis Brooks goners W alk when a friend suggested she should try her hand at voice-overs. Her actorhusband Chris Jenkinson persuaded her to gamble her last £120 on a demo tape. It paid off — her voice caught the advertiser's ears immediately, and within two weeks she'd made the £120 back, and then some. It just snowballed from there, she says. Today, she has become one of the best-known voices on the box, promoting the Yop yogurt drink, eggs, Nescafe Fine Blend and the current commercial for Hotpoint kitchen appliances in which she asks: 'Why make life more complicated?' Perhaps her biggest moment was being Cybil Shepherd for an hour. 'It was a big, glossy, expensive commercial for L'Oreal and she had said the name of the product the wrong way round, and nobody had noticed. 'So I was summoned because she wasn't available to redub it. If you listened and watched carefully, you could hear me saying the words she fluffed. 'I've been a small boy on a Christmas stuffing advert one minute, and a
Voices Quiz Are you an armchair expert at guessing the famous faces behind the voices on television commercials? Try our quiz on some of the best-known adverts and see how you and your family score. 1 The man behind the TSB attracted a lot of interest as a singing snoop. Is he: a Michael Gough? b Michael Gambon? c Michael Caine? 2 Who claimed British Rail were getting there,
Welsh tomato the next, and then slipped into a deep, sexy voice for perfume after that. 'I remember arriving at one studio and they said what they really wanted was for me to sound like Robert Powell — and I said, "You do realise there's a slight difference between us." 'One of the big bonuses doing voice-overs is not having to worry what you look like. I remember dubbing a sexy voice over a glorious-looking model on a Kellogg's Bran Flakes commercial, and I was heavily pregnant with my second son and looking positively elephantine offscreen. 'It doesn't matter if you look like death having been out on the town the night before — you should see the faces of some of the actors at nine o'clock in the morning!' Daniel Hill, young star of The Bretts, is tipped as the top new rising star of the voice-overs, thanks to his fresh sound. He's the 'caring social worker' who told people how to get their DHSS cheques during the Post Office strike, and he made the TV trailers for the hit film Buster. But his eagerness to get going in the voiceover world left him redfaced after one call from the producers of a Carling Black Label lager ad, soon after he had started rehearsals on The Bretts. 'I had an hour off for lunch and my agent said, "Can you do a voice-over right now in the West End?" So I told the producer I'd be back in a minute and tore off. When I arrived at the
Set by Sarah Bond
and is back in a new series as one of our favourite, and equally optimistic, comedy characters? Is he: a Richard O'Sullivan? b Jim Davidson? c Hywel Bennett? 3 'Come to Comet,' urges this genial fellow. He's one who's been a big deal himself on screen. Is he: a Ray Allen? b Ray Brooks? c Ray McAnally? 4 Many a woman would love this Saintly gent to be her Coffeemate. Is he:
a Roger Moore? b Ian Ogilvy? c Angus Ogilvy? 5 This charmer advises us to use Head and Shoulders. Is he: a Christopher Cazenove? b Anthony Andrews? c Nigel Havers?
ANSWERS: 1 Michael Gambon 2 Hywel Bennett 3 Ray Brooks 4 Ian Ogilvy 5 Nigel Havers
studio, Anthony Valentine and David Jason were sitting there looking extremely cool while I was puffing and panting and scarlet from running. 'Then the director arrived and said, "Oh, thanks for coming but we've decided to go with the one we did before, but don't worry, you will get paid." ' Later, Daniel's popularity nearly cost him his wedding day and honeymoon night, as he laughingly recalls. 'I had my agent on the phone five times on the morning of my wedding. My wife really believed I was going to ask if I could carry a walkie-talkie phone up the aisle. 'Well, I got through the wedding, then we slipped away to a manor house in Maidstone. We were lying on our wedding bed when
Daniel Hill the phone went again. I think all my agent heard was the frantic scream, "Go away!" The money is coming in very handy now that the Hills have a baby on the way. 'People think the fees for voice-overs are money for old rope. 'Sometimes my eyes pop open at the cheques. But when you're in the studio doing one, you feel like the whole world is on your shoulders. 'And, whoever you are, the advertisers just call you a voice, not an actor — so your pride takes a big wallop at that. "The voice has arrived," they say, and you feel like a disembodied creature, and wail inwardly, "Aren't I just a little more than that?"' In fact, Daniel Hill, in common with his contemporaries, is more than that. Like the others, he says: 'I am an actor first and, though the voice-over money is useful, I would still go on stage in Dundee for just £100 a week, given the chance.'
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
\OCKLRS
g
Attractive compact quartz alarm clock complete with calendar function. Measures 2 1/ex I 1/4"X 3/8". Small enough to carry in the pocket or purse. And it's yours to keep whatever you decide.
Books marked CLUB EDITION are a standard format 204mm x 130mm, and those marked SPECIAL EDITION are 240mm x I 85mm.
oose ny
from only
Great books at big, big savings Yes! That's what you get with this big-value introduction to World Books. Choose any four of the books shown here from as little as 25p each, plus p.&p.* and you could save as much as £87 at publishers' prices. A great deal more for a whole lot less! With World Books, you'll go on saving fUs as a member. Each month your free magazine is packed with popular books at huge savings. The Editor's Choice is often HALF the publisher's price, and it's always a bestseller by a top author. There are also dozens of other super books fact and fiction - with between 25%-50% OFF publishers' prices. Great choice . . . great authors . . . and savings all the way! With World Books you're spoilt for choice. All today's favourite authors, all their biggest bestsellers. The latest on cookery, gardening and other popular hobbies. Books to entertain young children, and to help older ones with homework
each PAP
and school projects. Atlases, dictionaries and encyclopedias. Books full of time-saving, moneysaving DIY tips. And many more ... all at savings you'll find very hard to beat! In return for your great introductory savings and the big discounts you'll enjoy as a member, all we ask is that you take at least one book a month during your first six months. After that, it's up to you how many, or how few, you choose. See the books at home - but send no money now. Pick your introductory books and write their numbers in the boxes on the coupon. But please don't send any money now. Look at the books at home first and see for yourself the value you're getting!
Oreat valae 0
o: World Books, P.O. Box 199, Swindon, SN3 4PX.
29
FREE CLOCK
Please accept my application and enrol me as a member of World Books and send me my free clock together with the four introductory books whose numbers I have printed in the boxes provided. You will charge me only the Special Offer prices, plus a total of L1.95 towards post and packing.' However, if I am not completely satisfied with the books I will return them within 10 days of receiving them, my membership will be cancelled and I will owe nothing. As a member I agree to choose one book a month during my first six months' membership from the hundreds of books offered. All books are described in advance in the free Club magazine and offered at 25% to 50% below the publishers' prices (plus post and packing).larn over 18 years of age.
Mr/Mrs/Miss
Postcode Membership of this dub limited to one per household. I Overseas send for details
!
PLEASE SEND NO MONEY NOW
P.O. Box 199, Swindon, SN3 4PX.
I
ITV, W ednesday: Des O'Connor Tonight
LOVE
AUGHT,
BY DES O'CONNOR he man is extremely sexy, I have to mention that. Des looks so cute and cuddly on the telly that it's hard to imagine him having that particular kind of adult magnetism. But he has, and it comes from a combination of supreme self-confidence, a terrific sense of humour and the tenacity and determination that would get him just about anywhere he wanted to go. Born under Capricorn, his Ascendant (the sign rising over the Eastern horizon at the moment of birth) is Sagittarius — a mixture of ambition and optimism which could hardly fail. 'I'm the most positive, happy-go-lucky person that God made', says Des. 'Whether I'm rich or poor, up or down, I'm enjoying it, and that's not phoney. I can't stand moaners. There are only three things that matter: love, laughter and good health. If you have a share of those, you're winning all the way.' Mark you, those are not the throw-away priorities of a man who's always had it easy. Mars and Saturn conjoin in his chart — an aspect which can indicate considerable physical suffering, even handicap, particularly in childhood. And Des was a sickly child, prey to every illness imaginable. He even had difficulty walking until he was seven years old. 'Up until the age of 14, I was like a small Ronnie Corbett. I was four foot seven, but one day I told myself I was going to grow, and from the day I said it, I started to do just that. I really didn't have any formal education until I was 11 [and then only three years at school], but once I started, I went from bottom of the class to the top. I don't have a lot of talent, but I've learnt to do
40
Sound advice about diet and smoking may be Edwina Currie's particular concern, but Des O'Connor believes that the curefor all ills is a good laugh — and positive thinking. W ith this homespun philosophy and a new daughter to delight him, Des is now lookingforfreshfields to conquer, as he reveals to TVTimes astrologer, MARTINE DELAMERE. Main picture DAVID MAGNUS things. I've applied myself. I sing very well now. I didn't before.' With Sun, Mars and Saturn in Capricorn, triumphing over adversity is the stuff of life to Des and he firmly believes that laughter is the cure for all ills. 'The happiest two hours of any day for me are on a stage. Once in Toronto my knee swelled so much I couldn't get my dress suit on. I had a septic throat and a stomach upset and I'd taken so many pills that I had double vision. Then I went on the stage and did an hour and a half in front of 22,000 people. When I came off, the knee had gone down, the throat felt better and the stomach had gone away. It's just a tonic out there.' Recently, Des fell down a hole on a golf course. 'My partner asked if I was all right and I said, "yes, but shouldn't the ball go down the hole?" I was in agony, but if you laugh, you take in air, and oxygen is good for the head. Medically and emotionally, humour seems to be the answer.' But Des's success hasn't been achievedwithout personal sacrifice. His birthchart shows that in working so hard, Des feels he missed some of the joys of parenthood. He's the proud father of three grown-up daughters — Karen, from his first marriage; and Tracey and
GI don't have a lot of talent but I've learnt to do
Samantha from his second. And now, there's one-year-old Kristina Eva from his third marriage to Jay — at 27, nearly 30 years Des's junior. He's delighted that he's having a chance to enjoy fatherhood for the fourth time and has definite views about what it means. 'I think it was George Bernard Shaw who said that youth was wasted on the young. I often think that parenthood is waste on young parents because we, the male spe cies, are so busy o Des with wife jay and K ristina Eva his fourth child — giving him the chance to enjoy fatherhood once more
I)ES O'CONNOR
tttiwbestofletealth there providing, when what we really want to do is play with our children and see them growing up. 'Having been born in a povertystricken area [Stepney, East London], I wanted to provide something more for my family. So you do spend a lot of time working, but it's a lesson you learn with maturity. It's a lesson I've learned this time round and I will be there for my little girl if I possibly can be. I love Des still has his goals. 'I've done everything in showbusiness except a movie and a musical and they're the two things I think I could do best. There's still something to look forward to'
my daughters very much and I think they do realise why I was always working. We did spend a lot of time being together, but not as much as I'd like to have done.' Des has strong feelings about how his baby daughter, Kristina Eva, should be brought up, and some advice for other parents too. 'I believe the most important thing you can give a child is time. And parents should take the lead from the children, not the other way round. 'The essential thing is that Kristina Eva is happy, and enjoys life. So if she's a little bit different, and doesn't conform with her classmates, I'll be quite happy, because anyone who's ever succeeded in the world usually has a spark of individuality. 'All the same, the child must also learn to toe the line: a compromise between discipline and fun.' Des places great emphasis on enjoyment, especially on the joys of learning, broadening horizons and maximising potential. This is the Sagit-
For Des, performing is a form of therapy, 'just like a tonic, he says
tarian coming out in him and with Mercury also in that sign, he must have literary leanings. 'I've written children's stories, two novels and a film script — I've been having long chats with Paul Hogan in Australia about that. I've also got a great idea for a musical which I could slot into. That sounds like showing off, but it's not. It's confidence. I get a great kick out of writing; it gives me almost as much satisfaction as getting out in front of that crowd.' The mention of film and musicals brings us onto his future plans. 'I've done everything in
The happiest two hours of my day are on a stage.. .
showbusiness except a movie and a musical and they're the two things I think I could do best. I think they are somewhere in the future. I'm not a little boy anymore and I could get a role which would have a bit of substance to it.' Having something to look forward to is an integral part of the O'Connor philosophy. 'If you got up in the morning and there was nothing to look forward to, you'd be very discontented. You wouldn't be able to give any emotional stability or comfort to anyone else because you'd be feeling sorry for yourself. So it's just a case of believing each day that comes is a blessing. It's another day that you may not have been here. Enjoy it, learn something, do something for someone else and improve yourself in a little way. That's what I try to do. It doesn't always work, but I try.'
41
David Quinlan previews the films and Monty Smith the TV movies on screen this week SATURDAY 22nd The Story of Alexander Graham Bell C4, 10.30am-12.15pm A typically professional Hollywood biopic of the late Thirties, this was the film that dogged its star, Don Ameche, for years to come. In later years, he would complain that many people thought that Don Ameche had invented the telephone and not Mr Bell! Henry Fonda surprisingly takes a subordinate role as Bell's co-worker. 1939
r
Bataan
11
C4, 12.55pm-3.05pm A vivid American war film that re-creates a true-life incident in a nicely rough-hewn manner, employing a plot structure reminiscent of those in The Lost Patrol and Sahara, as a few American soldiers are left to fight a hopeless rearguard action against advancing Japanese. 1943
The Secret Policeman's Ball C4, 10.05pm-11.50pm Only nine years old, this record of an Amnesty International concert already looks like an album of classic Pythonesque comedy routines from the past, including John Cleese's discussion of cheeses with Michael Palin, and Rowan Atkinson's miming of extracts from Beethoven piano sonatas. Among the more surprising faces on view are Trades Union leader Clive Jenkins and one-time TV-am star Anna Ford. And, somewhat illat-ease among the array of professional comic talent is the would-be scourge of bad television Clive James. 1979
Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment ITV, 10.15pm-11.55pm A predictable sequel to the first film in this series, with the
r
L_
'TV version' Feature films shown on television are not necessarily in the form originally seen in cinemas. Often several variations are made at the time of production for use according to the intended outlet. In some cases cinema versions may be used, with minor cuts for violence, explicit sex and bad language.
TVM = TVMovie
.
42
accent on sight gags — a store manager has a cardboard cutout of Clint Eastwood on show to deter robbers — and humour that stems from the characters established in the first film. Cheap-looking but very, very cheerful, the film also has some nice by-play in its script, especially between the laid-back police captain and his powerhungry lieutenant. 1985
SUNDAY 23rd Greed C4, 2.00pm-4.35pm The C4 season of silent classics continue with what some argue is the greatest film ever made. Dismissed in its time, after the studio had cut director Erich Von Stroheim's original 26 reels (more than five hours) down to 10 (just under two hours), the film can now be seen as a shattering portrayal of how money can effect break-ups in relationships and bring out the worst in man. Von Stroheim's drive for realism is totally uncompromising, from the teeming poorer quarters of San Francisco to the awesome climax in the desert, the director taking cast and crew on location to Death Valley, where they sweated and sweltered in torrid temperatures. 1924
Comes a Horseman C4, 10.50pm-1.00am A romantic Western directed (by Alan J Pakula) and photographed (by Gordon Willis) with a real feel for time and period — the ranchland of Montana in 1945. It's an elaborate but persuasive treatment of a familiar theme. Jane Fonda holds it together with another magnificent performance as the rancher fighting to make it on her own and not have to sell out to the local cattle baron (Jason Robards) whose affair with her as a girl had been the death of her father. James Caan as the 'horseman' who proves her one helper and the blazing climax, in which they and Robards are involved, brings an interesting film to a very satisfactory conclusion. 1978
MONDAY 24th Three Cases of Murder ITV, 1.30pm-3.25pm This trio of macabre stories is an intermittent disappointment in view of the amount of talent involved, including Orson Welles in rampant form in a
The indomitable frontierswoman who rides a car and not a horse... Jane Fonda as Ella Connors in 'Comes a Horseman' version of Somerset Maugham's Lord Mountdrago. Alan Badel appears (and does well) in all three stories, the most chilling of which concerns a man (the lugubrious Hugh Pryse) who steps inside a painting. 1953
Rain C4, 2.00pm-3.45pm Somerset Maugham's story about fiery South Seas prostitute Sadie Thompson had been filmed only four years previously with Gloria Swanson. Joan Crawford took over the role terrified of comparisons (not only with Swanson but with Jeanne Eagel's stage success). She was unhappy with the results, but time has revealed her Sadie Thompson as vibrant, vulgar and oddly touching. The director was Lewis Milestone. 1932
Reds C4, 8.30pm-12.05am A story of epic proportions, set in America and Russia in the 1915-1921 period. And it is also a love story — on a scale to match Doctor Zhivago and Gone W ith the W ind. Warren Beatty plays an idealistic communist in America, with Diane Keaton as the free-thinking writer who joins his semi-underground movement. Together, they are caught up in momentous events in world history which culminate in her trekking across frozen wastes to find him in Finland, after he has fled the Bolsheviks. When it concentrates on people and not politics, in fact, this film is a winner. Diane Keaton is superb — a tribute to the direction of Beatty, for which he won an Academy Award. 1981
TUESDAY 25th The Thief of Baghdad ITV, 1.30pm-3.25pm Fourth film version of the famous
Arabian Nights story, complete with such ingredients as the magic carpet, the wicked wazir, the All-Seeing Eye and the Temple of Truth. Peter Ustinov does a variation on his baffled panda act as the cuddly caliph. Terence Stamp's wazir, flapping in on his black cloak like a living corpse, is clearly a dry run for his villains in the Superman movies and the stage version of Dracula. French actor Daniel Emilfork also scores with his mischievously grinning genie. The juvenile leads, as in previous versions, are good looking but negligible. 1978
The Gaucho C4, 2.00pm-3.35pm Douglas Fairbanks's Christmas release for 1927 proves to be a lusty pageant whose story he thought up himself, giving his audiences a somewhat less whiter-than-white hero than usual, and sharing the spotlight with the 19-year-old Lupe Velez, jetting the young Mexican actress to 15 years of tempestuous stardom. There are religious overtones to this story of a mountain outlaw, but lots of athletic action to please the star's fans. 1927
Christine ITV, 11.35pm-1.25am This is the one about the demon car and it may make you wary of walking the streets at night. Christine is a beauty all right. Red as the devil, all gleaming chrome and dazzling headlamps, playing tunes on the radio to express her thoughts. But woe betide anyone who comes between her and her young master Arnie. This is a film that believes strongly in action, and its scenario never misses a chance to aim for the lowest common denominator. But, after a longish period of delineating Arnie's many enemies that Christine will eventu-
taries, marked a sombre beginning for him in his new field, with its elements of death, incest and a bleak, isolated existence. Murer himself came from the same kind of Alpine peasant family as those depicted in the film, although the incidents in his upbringing can never have been as vivid as those depicted here, with their curious and disturbing mixture of documentary, fantastic and sexual melodrama. Some of its scenes are not for the squeamish. 1985
FRIDAY 28th Strangers When We Meet
C4, 12.20am-2.25am Like so many show business biographies, the sad thing about jazz genius Bix Beiderbecke's life is that it makes such a good story. Hollywood made a mess of it in 1950 as Y oung Man with a Horn, but Brigitte Berman's documentary reconstruction of the rise and fall of Bix mixes old footage, old records and present-day interviews with real flair. 1981
C4, 2.00pm-4.10pm A searching look at love and life in an upper-class American suburb. Adapted by Evan Hunter from his own best-seller, it finds Kirk Douglas understandably torn between Kim Novak and Barbara Rush while trying to find himself as an architect. Douglas looks pained, Novak expresses pent-up desire quite well, Rush is poignantly pretty and Ernie Kovacs has a few waspishly funny lines though not enough. Walter Matthau, not unexpectedly, steals it from them all with his skilful portrait of a callous neighbour. 1960
Hawk the Slayer
Punch Drunks
Preparing to take the heat... Private eye Burt Reynolds and cop Clint Eastwood get ready to round up the had guys in 'City Heat ally take to the grinder's, there are a few dull spots in the film's lengthy running time, although the final duel between Christine and an excavator doesn't have quite the variation of excitement that it might have done. Arnie is well played by Keith Gordon, who splendidly creates two quite separate characters. 1983 TV version
WEBIVESDAYi26th White Cargo C4, 2.00pm-3.40pm First made as an early British sound film, this Hollywood version of a hoary old classic which silent vamps would surely have given their eye teeth to star in features a suitably tall and taciturn Walter Pidgeon - a top box-office star thanks to his screen partnership with Greer Garson. He is the plantation owner trying to fend off the advances of a (literally) poisonous native charmer who seems to have vamped half the white men within 50 miles of the Equator. The delicious Hedy Lamarr was never more exotic and effective than as Tondelayo, luring men to destruction from under her dusky lids. 1942
City Heat ITV, 100pin-10.00pm 10.35pm-II.35pm A crime romp within whose framework Clint Eastwood and Burt Reynolds can exercise their familiar film characters. The word framework just about sums up the plot, which is set in the early Thirties and concerns the demise of private eye Reynolds' partner and the subsequent battle by Reynolds and cop Eastwood (his former police colleague) to corner the two gang leaders involved. Jane Alexander is (very good as) the wisecracking secretary, Madeline Kahn plays Reynolds' high-society moll and Irene Cara is a frightened witness. Reynolds displays his agility, Eastwood walks down Main Street in the open while others fire at him from cover, there's a lot of fairly inconsequential gunfire and a running gag about a suitcase loaded with dynamite, and it's all pretty enjoyable. Just don't expect any major surprises. 1984
Bix
ITV, 2.00am-3.40am I thought that such medieval romps had died the death when Universal lost its International. But lo! they live, in this ripelysliced chunk of swords, sandals and sorcery. In a land of swirling mists, a motley crew of Equity reservists rides at the shoulder of heroic Hawk (John Terry) through an orange-skied landscape to Ennio Morriconestyle music adapted for rustic flute. They hope to bring peace to the land; but Terrible Jack Palance is a law unto himself as Voltan the Unbelievable, wearing a scowl that would intimidate Giant Haystacks, as he over-and-out-acts an understandably cowed crew of minions, and guards his visage with a semi-visor lest his black acne be revealed before the final reel. Methinks there's a vein of satire to all this and that references to 'legions of darkness making savage cuts to the country' are merely veiled jibes at Government. 1980
THURSDAY 27th Halloween ITV, 11.05pm-12.45am Jamie Lee Curtis, daughter of Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh, made an auspicious film debut in this shocker, in which a killer back from 15 years in the asylum stalks a trio of teenage girls with heavy-breath and hand-held camera, and takes a heck of a while to get about his gory business. 1978
Alpine Fire C4, 11.50pm-2.00am This Swiss picture, the first feature film for director Fredi M Murer after some 20 documen-
C4, 4.10pm-4.30pm The second short The Three Stooges ever made, with some amusing stuff in the boxing ring and an appearance from one of Hollywood's best known portrayers of drunks, Arthur Housman, who wandered through almost all his pictures in a permanent alcoholic haze, although in real life he never touched a drop! 1934
SATURDAY 22 OCTOBER 5.05pm Brookside' 6.45pm Blind Date 7.05pm Hollywood* 8.05pm Game Set & Match' 9.15pm Bust
C4, 12.20am-2.10am Said to be the first Spanish film shot entirely in the United States, this is an oddball and rather endearing romantic comedy about two people who become pen-friends without either realising the other is fat. Although the screenplay, by four Spaniards, including director Manuel Summers, lurches along in rather dis-connected fashion, the American cast - in particular the two 'fatties', Farnham Scott and January Stevens give likeable, low-key performances that keep you involved. One wished they had been given rather more opportunity to exploit the pathos inherent to such a story, but over which the script tends blandly to skip. 1980
26 OCTOBER
MONDAY 24 OCTOBER 1.00pm Make It Count' 1.30pm Write On' 5.45pm News (Mon-Fri) 6.30pm Land Shapes' 7.00pm Channel 4 News' (Mon-Fri) 7.00pm Krypton Factor 7.30pm Coronation Street 8.00pm Brookside* 9.00pm Game Set & Match TUESDAY 25 OCTOBER 1.00pm Tourism* 1.30pm Catering with Care*
1.00pm Interviewing' 1.30pm The Customer Connection* 6.30pm The March of Time' 7.30pm Coronation Street 8.00pm Brookside* THURSDAY 27 OCTOBER 1.00pm Autocare' 1.30pm Powerbase' 3.00pm A People's War' 4.50pm Dangermouse 8.00pm The Bill 9.00pm The Equalizer 10.00pm True Stories' FRIDAY 28 OCTOBER
6.00pm Redbrick' 7.55pm Book Choice' 9.00pm A Taste for Death 9.00pm The Golden Girls' 9.30pm A Houseful of Plants' * denotes C4
INDEX GUIDE
888
WHAT'S NEW 598
Just 119.95 How often do you wish you could sit down and rest whilst waiting M a queue? This lightweight trolley allows you to do just that. It features a fold-down handle plus a carrying handle, a waterproof liner and a padded seat and is strong enough to take 25 stone! Measurements are 24in seat height by 14in x 8in, handle height 33in. Ideal for both young and old alike. Why not take the load off your arms and weight off your feet and order one today.
ake a date wanes with the DIARY
1989
1989 is just around the corner and the new TVTimes diary is perfect for recording all those important dates in the year to come. With a week to a view, there is plenty of space for noting meetings, anniversaries and appointments. And a weekly section on star birthdays means you can find out which of your TV favourites shares your special day. PLUS! Discover star views and tips on holidays, food, home, health and beauty in the diary's informative and fun front section. The TVTimes diary, ideal for pocket or handbag, costs only £3.25 including postage.
How to order Fill in the coupon with the number required and send it, together with your cheque or postal order, crossed and made payable to Independent Television Publications Ltd., to TVTirnes Shopping Trolley Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB. Access and Visa card holders may order direct by telephoning Market Harborough (0858) 410510. If you should be in any way dissatisfied, please return the goods within seven days to the address stated above and a full refund or replacement will be sent to you. — — — — — — — — — — — — —
To TV Times Diary Offer, I PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB
How to order Fill in the coupon with number required and send it, together with your cheque or postal order crossed and made payable to Independent Television Publications Ltd. to TVTimes Diary Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB. Access and Visa card holders may order direct by telephoning Market Harborough (0858) 410510. If you should be in any way dissatisfied, return the goods within 7 days to the address stated above and a full refund or replacement will be sent to you.
To TIrrimes Shopping Trolley Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB
Please indicate number required. Price includes VAT and postage. Allow 28 days for delivery from receipt of order. Offer closes subject to availability. Cost No req Item Shopping Trolley Co £19.95 Total Cost I enclose cheque No Please debit my Access/ Value £ Visa card (delete where not applicable) Account No Signature Name Address
Please indicate number required. Price includes VAT and postage. Please allow 14 days for delivery from receipt of order. Offer closes 31st December 1988. No. Regd.
Item
TVTimes Diary 3.25 TOTAL COST Value £
I enclose cheque No
Please debit my AccessNisa card (delete where not applicable) Account No Signature Name Address Postcode
Postcode
.
A-
real family savings are to be found in our brand-new ,>'..3" The real 1/4.s Summer '89 brochure. Every single week throughout the season, we have bargains on offer which will make your money stretch further At Mo' than you ever imagined. Like the thousands and thousands of 'free child places' which reach right up to the dizzy heights of 19 years of age. And just for good measure, we have the most amazing 2nd child reductions, which also include places for 19 year olds. And it goes without saying, that our adult prices are as appetizing as our long list of sunshine destinations, and flights are now from Manchester, Birmingham, East Midlands, Stansted, Newcastle, Glasgow, Cardiff and Bristol. But to be sure of the best summer bargains, get along to your ABTA Travel Agent and book early with Airtours.
c,
Landshapes Ahoy!
„ot,
TV producer Tim Fell (inset, second from left) spent the equivalent of six days in the air to make the new series Landshapes, (C4, Monday). Never having flown in a helicopter before, he quickly became accustomed to that idea during 146 hours hovering above Britain. 'The programmes shoW What the landscape is made of and the processes which shaped it,' he says. 'To do it we covered 200 locations — we went everywhere, from the Orkneys to Lulworth Cove on the South coast (pictured below)— in 31 days filming.' Tim admits to one minor drawback. 'Helicopters vibrate terribly. After a day in one it took me at least an hour of walking on firm ground to stop myself trembling.' Perhaps the series should have been called Landshakes! -
Catch Police Academy 2 For a man not overly impressed with certain aspects of his profession, Steve Guttenberg has done remarkably well out of acting. His role as Carey Mahoney in the box office hit Police Academy 2, (ITV, Saturday), was a major step along the way to his current stardom — he's pictured clearly taking his training seriously — and the second instalment of a business deal which has made him an extremely wealthy man. He negotiated, and got, a percentage of box office takings for the original Police Academy and its sequels; yet, for all his fame and fortune, Guttenberg remains disenchanted with the workings of the film world. He says: 'People put others down because they don't have the right shape or looks. I'm just one of the fortunate few.'
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
47
Floella's baby bio
In the new series of A
Houseful of Plants, (C4, Friday) there's more growing than meets the eye — co-presenter Floella Benjamin was pregnant throughout filming. 'I wore clothes that flattered the bump, with lots of bows,' giggles Floella. 'The big joke on set was that I was an Easter egg and that when the bow was pulled the baby would pop out.' Now baby Alvina, a sister for seven-year-old Aston, is happily installed in the Benjamin home. Floella insists that Alvina, a genuine hot-house baby, was laughing at fourdays-old. Meanwhile, Floella and family are awash in a houseful of flowers, plants and nappies.
Come star spotting Only one of this week's six acts will go through to the finals of New Faces (ITV, Saturday). Cast your vote on the coupon below. The sender of the first correct entry to be pulled out of the draw will be invited to watch the New Faces final on Friday 3 December.
r
-
- New Faces of '88 Saturday 22 October
Vote for one of the following: Dave Lee Michael; Jon Willy Brown; Sarah Parnell; J J; Mad Hatters; Hanna Starosta My Favourite New Face is: Name Address BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE To New Faces of '88 Box 161, Birmingham 131 1TY Closing date Friday 28 October 1988
TV LETTER LINE Your companies: Anglia Television Ltd, Anglia House, Norwich NRl 3JG (tel: 0603 615151); Channel Four Television Co Ltd and Right to Reply, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2AX (tel: 01-631 4444); and TV-am Ltd, Hawley Crescent, London NW1 8EF (tel: 01-267 4300).
48
TO VLADIMIR'S CREDIT Ingmar Bergman considers it to be the finest film he's ever seen about a living musician, and Allegro: Vladimir
Ashkenazy: The Vital Juices Are Russian (C4, Saturday), certainly features one of the finest musicians alive. Made in 1968, the film follows the self-exiled Russian virtuoso on tour in Europe, and at the time of his move from London to Iceland. The intervening 20 years have been kind indeed to the 51-year-old master pianist (right); he has two homes in Switzerland, another in New York and can command £20,000 a night for his recitals in America. But, as with many true talents, he is not — and never has been — in it for the money. 'I live luxuriously, which I never aimed for,' he says. 'I don't need any more. I don't know what this money is all for — you can't take it with you when you go. But with music, you can leave something behind...' Ashkenazy's fans are in doubt he'll do just that.
Pet subjects There was a time when her popularity overtook even Marilyn Monroe's, but such acclaim is now a distant memory for Kim Novak. Which is just how she likes it. Kim stars alongside Kirk Douglas (they're pictured, right) in the 1960 film Strangers When We Meet, (C4, Friday), but today she prefers animals to other actors. Now 56, she occasionally leaves her ranch in California, to take up film or TV offers; the rest of the time she stays at home with her veterinary husband Bob Malloy and their assorted llamas, dogs, horses, chickens and goats. 'My vocabulary was never very big,' she says, 'and it's even smaller now. That's because I spend more time with animals than people — you don't have to impress animals with words.'
Gloria's glory Gloria Estefan (above) has done as much to popularise Latin-American music as Carmen Miranda and her headful of fruit—although in a far less flamboyant fashion. Last year, for example, she and her group, Miami Sound Machine, were responsible for 11,142 people in Burlington, Iowa, forming the (unofficial) world's largest conga line. Cuban-born Gloria is aware that no such feat will be possible when she appears next Sunday in Live From The Palladium (ITV), but she'll settle for a few toes tapping. 'We sing in Spanish or English,' she says, 'but so long as people are dancing I'll know we're using the right language.' Anything For You, her recent Top 20 hit single, proves the point.
ermission was granted for Game, Set & Match (ITV, Monday and repeated on C4, Saturday) to film on the western half of Berlin's Oberbaum Bridge, which runs between East and West. But the camera crew were given a firm 'Nein' when they wanted actor Ian Holm (pictured right with Mel Martin) to walk across the bridge to the eastern side. How could the problem be resolved?, wondered producer Brian Armstrong. The answer was to build a duplicate of the bridge on the banks of Manchester's River Irwell. Cameras filmed the actors on the eastern half of the replica bridge, then the footage was spliced together with genuine location shots filmed on the western side of the real bridge. Look out for the scene in December's final episode. 'It's my fond belief,' says Armstrong, 'that no viewer will ever detect the join.'
p
Nuts about Monkeys
There's a new-look W ideawake Club (TV-am, Saturday), but the old familiar faces are still there. Jimmy McKay, for example, looks at animals in the wild as well as household pets. jimmy's own household includes three monkeys. Not that he'd encourage viewers to buy exotic animals. As with rainforest trees, he says, wild creatures shouldn't be thoughtlessly uprooted from their natural habitat. 'My three monkeys were all unwanted pets, bought by people who thought they were like toys,' he says. One was even exhibited in a snooker hall until rescued. 'Animals like these should never be sold as pets,' he says.
Time 'n' plaice Back in December 1979, when The Secret Policeman's Ball was first screened on ITV, John Cleese, who directed the stage show for Amnesty International, was not amused by the decision to cut out the naughty bits. Some years later, he decided to quit comedy altogether; 'I felt I'd lost touch with what made audiences laugh.' But now he's bounced right back as writer, director and romantic lead of his film A Fish Called W anda (1988). Romantic lead? 'Well, I play a character called Archie P,:per chase Leach, which was Cary In August, TVTimes reported Grant's real name, and I get the:: What The Papers Say was to kiss Jamie Lee Curtis,' says ending, closing a chapter in the lugubrious Cleese, television and newspaper his/ 'Very nicely put,' said pictured right with her. 'But I Ric d Ingrams, when he don't know if I understand Pry,:ed the final programme women any better than I did. I on 'But not true,' he don't understand fish, either. ch d. He implied that Tv e$ had got it wrong, The fish we eventually hired ate thz show was merely 32 other fish while waiting to MC r to ITV from C4. Very audition. We figured if we didn't nick at, Mr Ingrams. But, ala_ give her the part, she'd also . t true. In fact, after beis,j „rapped by C4, the eat us!' Cleese's spirits programme was reprieved by should lift still higher Lon . Granada and at the prospect of Gs.an ITV regions only (I% C4's Saturday ,iy). Executive Prc Ray Fitzwalker hopes screening of The 'e rentually be Secret tray ted by the entire ITV Policeman's Ball `So that all our loyal — with naughty vie' can smile once again.' bits intact. 1-, 711MES 22-28 October 1988 ,
•
Mississippi gamblers played cards for profit. Southern Comfort was strictly for pleasure.
22 October SATIIIIDAY 10.30am The Story of Alexander Graham Bell
Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News
9.30am How Does Your Garden Grow?
DAVID CASS
1: JACK MURRAY A repeated series in which Philip Wood and David Wilson explore some of Ulster's most fascinating private gardens. This week they visit jack Murray's County Down garden with its fine views of sea and mountain from Dundrum Bay to Slieve Donard, yet incorporating the shelter necessary to grow the camelias which, as Jack says, are `the champions of my garden'. With signing and subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing.
6.00 TV-am 6.00 Saturday Sport Geoff Clark brings you the latest news and interviews from the sporting scene, including a preview of the Skol Cup Final at Hampden Park. Jim McGrath looks at the day's racing at Doncaster and there's a chance to win tickets to a major sporting event in the 'Where Am I?' competition. 7.30 Wideawake Presented by Tommy Boyd, Timmy Mallett and Michaela Strachan. Animal expert Jimmy McKay and Michaela report from a veterinary hospital in North Wales, and science supremo Carol Vorderman explores time and how to make clocks. Guests include travelling author Nick Dazinger. Plus cartoon fun with The Shoe People. Don't miss your WAC favourites in the funpacked W ide A wake Club A nnual 1989 - on sale now, price £3.75.
9.25 to 11.30am Motormouth with ANDREA ARNOLD NEIL BUCHANAN JULIAN BALLANTYNE Get your teeth into this week's Motormouth.. . Trap Door, competition winners and much much more! 9.40 MM2 She-Ra Princess of Power: Glimmer's Story The source of the protective power of Castle Bright Moon is stolen, and if She-Ra fails to recover it the Kingdom will fall to the Horde. 10.05 MM3 At Spin Off, Motormouth comes to you live with the sounds of today. 10.30 MM4 Motormouth is on the case. Which burning issue will it bring you today? 10.55 MM5 The tables are turned and you have your say. Plus more music, chat and surprises. Motormouth comes to you live from the Spin Off Complex. Hilary Rolls Roger Sloman
Sword aloft, `She-Ra Princess of Power' confronts an army of formidable foes at 9.40pm Francesco Fortune Richard Waites
Jimmy Lane Joe Greco Producer/Director (Spin Off) David Crozier You can write to Motormouth at: PO Box 1, Maidstone, Kent ME14 5LL. DESIGNER NEIL POLLARD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JANIE GRACE DIRECTOR MIKE ADAMS PRODUCER TIM EDMUNDS SERIES PRODUCER ADRIAN EDWARDS TV S Production
11.30am America's Top 10 Casey Kasem presents the top ten hits from this week's US pop music charts.
12.00noon The Man From U.N.C.L.E. TEE VIRTUE AFFAIR Robespierre, a fanatic trying to emulate his famous historical namesake, plots to destroy the vineyards of France. Napoleon Robert Vaughn Illy a David McCallum A lexander Leo G Carroll Robespierre Ronald Long
1.00pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG Oracle ITN News Headlines throughout the week, page 101
1.05pm Anglia News and Weather followed by
Saint de Greaysie Ian and Jimmy present their forthright opinions
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
and in-depth reporting on the past week's league football action, plus a preview of the coming week. PRODUCTION TEAM JIM RAMSEY, JAMIE OAKFORD, CHRIS RHYS ASSOCIATE PRODUCER NIALL SLOANE DIRECTOR PATRICIA MORDECAI PRODUCER RICHARD WORTH A n ITV Sport Production
1.35 to 2.15pm Wrestling from Victoria Hall, Keighley, Yorkshire British Lightheavyweight title: Alan Kilby (champion) v Chris Cougar. Kilby is tough but Cougar has bags of determination. British Lightweight title: Kid McCoy (champion) v Ian Wilson. Will McCoy hold off the challenge? COMMENTATOR KENT WALTON DIRECTOR GEOFF HALL PRODUCER MICHAEL ARCHER
PRODUCER/DIRECTOR RUTH JOHNSTON Ulster Television Production
10.00am 4 What It's Worth A repeat of last Tuesday's programme. Susan Osman tracks down the man behind a £7 million investment fraud which has cost hundreds of people in Northern Ireland their life savings. The report examines the extent to which certain investment advisers, who are still in business, contributed to the tragedy. For fact sheet send sae to PO Box 6, Fleet, Hampshire, GU13 9QL.
DON AMECHE LORETTA YOUNG HENRY FONDA CHARLES COBURN In the late 19th century, Scottish-born Alexander Graham Bell emigrates to America and settles in Boston. An inventor by inclination, Bell ekes out a precarious living by teaching deaf-mute children. Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 A lexander Graham Bell Don Ameche Mabel Hubbard Loretta Young Tom W atson Henry Fonda Gardner Hubbard Charles Coburn
Thomas Sanders
Gene Lockhart
Mrs Hubbard
Spring Byington Gertrude Sally Blane Grace Peggy Ann Garner Berta Georgiana Young Sanders Bobs Watson Barrows Russell Hicks Judge Harry Davenport SCREENPLAY LAMAR TROTTI DIRECTOR IRVING CUMMINGS
12.20pm Le Reve de Pygmalion
ITV 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Motormouth 11.30 America's Top 10 12noon The Man from U.N.C.L.E. 1.00pm ITN News 1.05 Saint & Greaysie 1.35 Wrestling 2.15 Darts 4.15 The Return of the Antelope 4.45 Results Service 5.00 ITN News 5.15 Anglia News 5.25 Disney Cartoons 5.45 New Faces of '88 6.45 Blind Date 7.30 Beadle's About 8.00 Murder, She Wrote 8.55 ITN News 9.15 Bust 10.15 Film: Police Academy 2 11.55 Darts 1.00am The Hit Man and Her 1.00am (GMT) Night Network 3.00 American College Football 4.00 The Hit Man and Her
French animation in which a hand models a woman's head out of a piece of clay.
12.25 to 12.55pm Empress Wu BY SOI SUT FONG
When the Emperor visits Empress Wong in prison he feels so sorry for her that he makes plans to free her. English language version. For Paul Nicholas it's smile or 'Bust' at 9.15pm
ITV Production
ITV variations
C4
V iewers in the A nglia region who can receive alternative programmes from adjoining ITV areas will find that transmissions alter as follows: LWT 11.30am Knight Rider; 12.30pm to 1.00 Physical Pursuits; 5.10 to 5.45 Blockbusters; 1.00 Night Network pt 1; 3.00 to 4.00am American College Football. CENTRAL 11.30 The Bionic Woman; 12.25 Cartoon; 12.30 to 1.00 Starfleet; 5.15 to 5.45 Blockbusters; 11.55pm Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.55(GMT) Film Butterfly. Pia Zadora in a provocative story of forbidden love; 1.55 Darts; 3.00 America's Top Ten; 3.30 Superbouts; 4.25 Cover Story; 4.50 to 5.00am Out of Limits. TVS 11.30am The Greatest American Hero; 12.30 to 1.00 Supercross; 5.15 to 5.45 Blockbusters; 1.00 to 2.00 Garrison's Gorillas; 3.00 Late Night Concert; 4.00 Company; 4.05 Rallycross; 4.35 to 5.00am America's Top 10. YORKSHIRE 12.00 to 1.00 U.F.O.; 5.15 to 5.45pm Blockbusters.
9.30am How Does Your Garden Grow? 10.00 ,4 What It's Worth 10.30 Film: The Story of Alexander Graham Bell 12.20pm Le Reve de Pygmalion 12.25 Empress Wu 12.55 Film: Bataan 3.05 Channel 4 Racing 5.05 Brookside 6.00 Right To Reply 6.30 Cities of Islam 7.00 News, Weather 7.05 Hollywood 8.05 Game, Set & Match 9.05 Allegro: Vladimir The Ashkenazy Vital Juices are Russian 10.05 Film: The Secret Policeman's Ball 11.50 Baseball 1.50am Close
'ow Does Y our Garden Grow?' Jack Murray (centre) answers David W ilson (left) and Philip W ood. 9.30am
-
51
SATURDAY 12 G Anglia 2.15pm Darts THE MFI WORLD MATCHPLAY From the Festival Hall, Basildon. Introduced by Dickie Davies. The quarter-final stage of Britain's richest darts event which has a prize money fund of £53,000 plus the incentive of £100,000 for the first perfect nine-dart checkout — precisely 501 to be scored with only nine throws. Joint world No 1 Bob Anderson, the 'Limestone Cowboy' from Swindon, defends this title. Commentary by Dave Lanning. Coverage continues at 11.55pm. See page 22 DIRECTOR TED AYLING EDITOR JEFF FOULSER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STUART McCONACHIE Independent Television Sport Production
4.15pm The Return of the Antelope BY WILLIS HALL
THE SECRET OF THE MUNICIPAL MUSEUM Disguised as a museum attendant, Harwell Mincing closes in on the Lilliputians. Mr Garstanton Richard Vernon Garry Halliday Ernest Emily Erica Sail John Branwell Spelbush John Quentin Fistram Annie Hulley Brelca Fiona McArthur Millie Harwell Mincing Paul Chapman Sarah Mincing Stephanie Cole Pte Tuffnell Michael McNally Rudkin Crumble Michael Maynard DESIGNER PAUL ROWAN PRODUCER/DIRECTOR EUGENE FERGUSON Granada Television Production
Don't forget British Summertime ends at 2am when clocks should be put back one hour to lam.
4.45pm Results Service
10.15pm Movie Premiere:
Elton Welsby reports today's sports results.
JEREMY BEADLE Beadle's back with a new series of wily wind-ups, crafty capers, and cracking good cons. Beadle's bamboozling finds more stars from the unsuspecting public. Script associate is Ian Cross.
STEVE GUTTENBERG POLICE ACADEMY 2: THEIR FIRST ASSIGNMENT Captain Pete Lassard, given 30 days to beat the crime wave in his precinct, takes on six raw recruits from the Police Academy run by his brother, Commandant Lassard. They turn out to be a motley and inept bunch and, adding to the Lassard's problems is the ambitious Lieutenant Mauser who, determined to get the Captain's job, is sabotaging every lawenforcing effort the recruits make... See film guide, beginning page 42
Oracle Sports Headlines, throughout the week, page 130
5.00pm ITN News 5.15pm Anglia News, Sport and Weather 5.25pm Disney Cartoons THE POINTER/ FIGARO AND CLEO
5.45pm New Faces of '88 MARTI CAINE Stubby Kaye Nina Myskow Bruce Welch The show in which you, the viewer, vote for one of six acts new to television to go forward to the All Winners Final on 3 December. Marti Caine introduces Dave Lee Michael, soloist from Newcastle; Jon Willy Brown, Nottingham comic; Sarah Parnell, singer and pianist from London; J J, a different kind of magician; Mad Hatters, a comedy singing group; and Hanna Starosta, violinist from Glasgow. On the judging panel are Stubby Kaye, Nina Myskow and Bruce Welch. Viewers' votes decide the winner — so fill in the coupon on page 48. Music director is Harry Rabinowitz, script associate Howard Imber. See page 48 for voting coupon DESIGNER PAUL GILPIN PRODUCER RICHARD HOLLOWAY DIRECTOR DAVID G HILLIER Central Production
6.45pm Blind Date CILLA BLACK What will happen when boy meets girl and girl meets boy? Produced in association with Talbot Television. Oracle subtitles page 888 DESIGNER ALISON HUMPHRIES ASSOCIATE PRODUCER HELEN WRIGHT DIRECTOR JOHN GORMAN PRODUCER KEVIN ROAST LW T Production
All programmes are in colour unless otherwise stated
52
DIRECTORS CHRIS FOX, TERRY KINANE, SUE McMAHON PRODUCER ROBERT RANDELL LW T Production
8.00pm Murder, She Wrote OLD HABITS DIE HARD Jessica joins forces with her old friend, a Mother Superior, to solve the murder of a nun. Jessica Angela Lansbury Marion Simpson Eileen Brennan Bishop Shea Robert Prosky Rev Mother Claire Jane Powell
8.55pm ITN News and Sport followed by Weather Forecast Summary
9.15pm Bust PAUL NICHOLAS BELINDA LANG with Sarah Neville WEEKEND BREAK BY PHILIP HINCHCLIFFE
Neil decides to take Sheila away for a romantic weekend by the sea. But they encounter an old flame of Neil's... Oracle subtitles page 888 Neil W alsh Paul Nicholas Sheila W alsh Belinda Lang Sally McLaren Shirin Taylor Carol Chapman Sarah Neville Juliet Julia Watson Barry Trevor Byfield Stacy Clarke Tracey Tony Underwood George Irving A dam Ron Emslie Receptionist (seaside) Elizabeth Kettle Man in city building Ronald O'Neill M el Johnny Shannon Nick Radford Gary Olsen Receptionist (London) Juliet Douglas Mr Squigley Eric Kent Chrissie Cotterill Gloria Policeman Edward York EXECUTIVE PRODUCER NICK ELLIOTT PRODUCER PHILIP HINCHCLIFFE DIRECTOR JOHN REARDON DESIGNER BRYAN BAGGE LW T Production
TV Times is a member of the European TV Magazines Association
Carey Mahoney Steve Guttenberg Hightower Bubba Smith David Graf Tackleberry Larvell Jones Michael Winslow Doug Fackler Bruce Mahler Laverne Marion Ramsey Kirkland Colleen Camp Capt Pete Lassard Howard Hesseman Lt Mauser An Metrano Commandant Lassard George Gaynes Zed Bob Goldthwait Julie Brown Chloe V innie Peter Van Norden Merchant Tim Kazurinsky Ed Herlihy Dooley Sistrunk Sandy Ward Lance Kinsey Proctor Mop Christopher Jackson Flack o Church Ortiz Hurst George R Robertson Old Man Kirkland Arthur Batanides Mrs Kirkland Jackie Joseph Bud Kirkland Andrew Paris N am u Monica Parker Japanese chef Kenji Shintani Jennifer Darling Mayor SCREENPLAY BARRY BLAUSTEIN, DAVID SHEFFIELD DIRECTOR JERRY PARIS
11.55pm Darts THE MFI WORLD MATCHPLAY From the Festival Hall, Basildon Dickie Davies introduces the semifinals as the most lucrative darts event in Britain begins to come to the boil. The commentator is Dave Lanning. See the final at 2.30pm tomorrow.
16,_
Cilia Black plays Cupid again as her unattached volunteers look for a chance romance on 'Blind Date' at 6.45pm
showing out' with the best club dancers and giving you the chance to meet a disco date. If you would like to enter 'showing out', or send a message, write to: The Hit Man A nd Her, Music Box, 19-21 Rathbone Place, London Wl. DIRECTOR LUDO GRAHAM PRODUCER NICK WILSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT A Music Box Production for Granada Television
followed by ITN News Headlines British Summertime ends at 2.00arn when clocks go back one hour. Timings on all following programmes revert to Greenwich Mean Time.
L% Iil! III
1.00 to 2.00am The Hit Man And Her
1.00am (GMT) Night Network
Live from Mr Smith's Pete Waterman is the Hit Man playing the hottest dance music around and predicting next month's hits. And her? Michaela Strachan is her, and she'll be
PAUL THOMPSON EMMA FREUD GIAN SAMMARCO THE PARTRIDGE FAMILY Join Paul Thompson for V ideo V iew. Emma Freud hops into bed for
some Pillow Talk with a special guest. Gian Sammarco spools through the videos you can borrow or buy in The Small Screen. There's an episode of the Partridge Family. Plus reviews, news, videos and competitions. The address for your competition entries is: LWT, PO Box 90, London SE1 9PR. DESIGNER JAMES DILLON ASSOCIATE PRODUCER DAVE MORLEY DIRECTOR D. G. HILLIER PRODUCERS VIJAY AMARNANI, JILL SINCLAIR Night Network Production
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.00am American College Football COLORADO v OKLAHOMA followed by ITN News Headlines
4.00 to 5.00am The Hit Man And Her Return to Mr Smith's with Pete Waterman and Michael Strachan.
22-28 October 1988 TV TIMES
SATURDAY 5.05pm Brookside Big changes for Gordon, meanwhile Rod and Tracy are full of disapproval. Oracle subtitles page 888
12.55pm Bataan ROBERT TAYLOR After fighting an heroic rearguard action to cover the evacuation from Bataan, 13 American soldiers are left behind on the island, waiting for the Japanese to close in for the kill. Made in black and white
See film guide beginning page 42 Sgt Bill Dane Robert Taylor Lt Steve Bentley
George Murphy
Cpl Jake Feingold Thomas Mitchell Cpl Barney Todd Lloyd Nolan Capt Henry Lassiter Lee Bowman Leonad Purckett Robert Walker Felix Ramirez Desi Arnaz F X Matowski Barry Nelson Mathew Hardy Phillip Terry Cpl Juan Katigbak Roque Espiritu SCREENPLAY ROBERT D ANDREWS DIRECTOR TAY GARNETT
3.05pm Channel 4 Racing from Doncaster Introduced by Brough Scott. Two-year-olds have their last chance to shine at the highest level today — in the William Hill Futurity Stakes. It's the final Group One race of the season and the possible emergence of the winter favourite for next year's Ever Ready Derby is a fascinating prospect. 3.10 Doncaster EBF H'cap (lm 2f 50yd) 3.45 William Hill Futurity Stakes (./m) 4.15 Long John Scotch Whisky Apprentice H'cap (1m 41) 4.45 Solaglas Energy Savers Stakes (H'cap) (61)
Both sides dread Hightower (Bubba mith, top) and Carey Mahoney (Steve Guttenberg). 'Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment'
Race commentator Graham Goode; paddock commentator, Jim McGrath; interviewer Derek Thompson; betting and results John Tyrrel, John McCririck. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER MARK JACKSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ANDREW FRANKLIN DIRECTOR BOB GARDAM Y orkshire Television Production
6.00pm Right To Reply LINDA AGRAN If you have a point to make about TV (and not just Channel 4 programmes) write to Right To Reply at Channel 4 TV, 60 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2AX (01-631 4444) or use the Video Box in London; or at STV in Glasgow; Tyne Tees TV, Piccadilly, York; Central TV, Birmingham or Albion Place, Oxford; HTV Bath Road, Bristol; or at the National Museum of Photography, Film and TV, Bradford. DIRECTOR KIM McCRODDAN PRODUCER ANDREA COLLETT EDITOR GWYNN PRITCHARD Channel 4 Production
6.30pm Cities of Islam 3: CAIRO In this series of programmes Muslim writers explore from their personal point of view the meaning and significance to them of four historic Islamic cities. When Cairo comes to mind most people think of the pyramids and the Pharaohs. But there is another aspect of this city, for Cairo was at the centre of the great Arab Empire of the Middle Ages. Thanks to her Mameluke rulers and their armies, she was spared the utter devastation of the Mongol invasions which reduced medieval Baghdad and Damascus to rubble. Of all these fabled cities, Cairo alone remains today — an unequalled treasure house of historic Islam. Narrated by Nadim Sawalha.
and Erich von Stroheim — two of Hollywood's legendary directors. Narrated by James Mason, music composed by Carl Davis. This series is linked with Channel Four's season of Thames Silents on Sunday afternoon. Tomorrow, von Stroheim's Greed. Oracle subtitles page 888 FILM EDITOR TREVOR WAITE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MIKE WOOLLER WRITERS/DIRECTORS/ PRODUCERS KEVIN BROWNLOW, DAVID GILL Thames Television Production
8.05pm Game, Set & Match BY LEN DEIGHTON ADAPTED BY JOHN HOWLETT
IAN HOLM HUGH FRASER MICHAEL CULVER MEL MARTIN MICHAEL DEGEN FREDERICK TREVES ANTHONY BATE ALAN MacNAUGHTAN Episode four M16 agent Bernard Samson has sensed the betrayal of his Brahms Network in two cities. In grey, divided Berlin, Werner Volkmann and his wife Zena are playing a curious game of intrigue and deception in the shadow of the Wall. In London, Samson has traced and confronted the Foreign Office suspect, Giles Trent. But his interrogation seems to have been too direct. It has driven Trent to suicide. Shown on ITV last Monday.
Oracle subtitles page 888 Bernard Samson Ian Holm Giles Trent Hugh Fraser Doctor Christopher Saul Celia Trent Thelma Whiteley Dicky Cruyer Michael Culver Ted Riley Mark Mulholland A lbert Anthony Schaeffer Bret Rensselaer Anthony Bate
Rolf Ma user Michael Mellinger W erner V olkmann Michael Degen Fiona Samson Mel Martin Tessa Kozinski Gail Harrison Billy Samson Jamie Valder
Sally Samson Kirsten Valder George Kozinski Gary Whelan Nanny Linda Broughton Director General Alan MacNaughtan Morgan Struan Rodger
Julian MacKenzie John Wheatley Frank Harrington Frederick Treves DESIGNERS CHRIS TRUELOVE, JAMES WEATHERUP DIRECTOR PATRICK LAU ASSOCIATE PRODUCER MILLY PREECE PRODUCER BRIAN ARMSTRONG Granada Television Production
9.05pm Allegro: Vladimir Ashkenazy — The Vital Juices are Russian BY CHRISTOPHER NUPEN
VLADIMIR ASHKENAZY DANIEL BARENBOIM ITZHAK PERLMAN EDO DE WAART THE ROTTERDAM PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA A film about the public and private lives of this Russian born master pianist and his personal battle, after emigrating from the Soviet Union, to come to terms with the West and with the high traditions of Western classical music. Another in the season of Christopher Nupon's work, this film was shot in 1968 when Ashkenazy and his family emigrated for the second time. They had left the Soviet Union in 1963 and in 1968 they moved from London to Iceland.
10.05pm The Secret Policeman's Ball JOHN CLEESE PETER COOK ROWAN ATKINSON BILLY CONNOLLY CLIVE JAMES TERRY JONES This comedy film presents a record of highlights from Amnesty International's third Comedy Gala at Her Majesty's Theatre, London in 1979. 'Slightly directed' by John Cleese, these include Rowan Atkinson as a master at a prep school and Cleese himself trying to buy some cheese. See film guide, beginning page 42 with John Cleese, Peter Cook, Clive James, Eleanor Bron, Rowan Atkinson, Billy Connolly, Michael PalM, Terry Jones, Neil Innes, Anna Ford, Mike Brearley, Clive Jenkins, Suzanne Church, Sylvester McCoy, Marcel Steiner, David Rappaport and Paul Abrahams. DIRECTOR ROGER GRAEF
11.50 to 1.50am Baseball The World Series could be won tonight as the two top teams in Major League Baseball reach game six in the seven game series. This programme may change if the World Series is concluded before transmission. Presented by David Jensen. PRODUCERS DEREK BRANDON, RUPERT RUMNEY A Cheerleader Production supported by Scottish A micable
FILM EDITOR PETER HEELAS PRODUCER/DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER NUPEN A llegro Films
MOO .11119•111•111.111111111111111Id ilid
WRITERS JOHN POOLEY, ZAKI BADAWI DIRECTOR/PRODUCER JOHN DOOLEY Polonius Production
7.00pm News Summary and Weather 7.05pm Hollywood JAMES MASON 4: AUTOCRATS Another close-up view of the early days in the motion picture industry and Cecil B DeMille
Be arrested by the wit of John Cleese and Peter Cook at 'The Secret Policeman's Ball, 10.05pm
53
etects s n it wakes yo p. Then it shows you the door. If a blown fuse has ever left you without lights, you know how difficult it can be to find your way round your own home in the dark. Now imagine doing it in the thick smoke of a fire. Hence the new Plasplugs Escape Light Smoke Alarm, specially designed for your hall, stairs or landing. Built into it there's a powerful light that switches on as soon as the alarm sounds. It directs a penetrating beam of light in just the direction you need it. Namely, the nearest exit. Equally well thought out are the other alarms in our new range. All designed around the philosophy that different rooms need different types of alarm. Our Kitchen Smoke Alarm, for example, features an ingenious override button; press it, and the alarm shuts down for 8-10 minutes, so you can grill, fry and flambe without the smoke setting the alarm off. Still more ingenious, there's an override on the override. So if you left the kitchen
and a serious fire did break out, the alarm would still go off. For the bedroom or lounge, there's the Plasplugs Standard Smoke Alarm. Each and every one is tested before it leaves the factory, and comes with a free 9 volt battery, simple fixing instructions, the screws and wall plugs needed to fix it, an alarm test button, and an automatic battery check that beeps for thirty days when the battery needs changing. Features shared by all three alarms, together with a standard of design and a level of finish that will let them fit in effortlessly with any room setting. Not to mention, of course, that all three are N.E.A. approved and meet B.S. 5446 (part 1) where applicable. Any smoke alarm gives you the chance to save your life. These ones are designed to improve the odds.
PLASPLUGS Plasplugs Limited. Wetmore Road. Burton-upon-Trent. Staffordshire DE14 ISD.
Plasplugs Smoke Alarms are available from: All good DIY and hardware stores, Argos, B&Q, Carpenters, Comet, Debenhams, Dickens, Do-it-All, Fads, Focus, Homebase, John Lewis, Littlewoods, Payless, Ripolin, Robert Dvas, Sava Centre, Selfridges, Tesco, Texas, Wilkinson, Woolworth.
3 October SUNDAY write to Motormouth on Sunday, PO Box 1, Maidstone, Kent, ME14 5LL.
Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News DAVID CASS
6.00 TV-am Introduced by George Spanswick. 6.00 Natural History Film 7.00 ARE YOU AWAKE YET? SALLY DEWHURST PETER GOSLING 7.23 Rowanne Pasco's Sunday Club for Children Children's views on religion. 7.30 The Zoo Family 8.00 DAVID FROST ON SUNDAY David Frost brings you the news as it happens, and discusses the issues of the day with the personalities making the headlines. Paul Reizin continues his offbeat odyssey to find Britain's undiscovered people and places. Plus a review of the Sunday newspapers at 8.30am and full TV-am news bulletins with Beatrice Hollyer at 8.00 and 9.00am.
9.25 to 11.00am Motormouth on Sunday with TONY GREGORY ANDREA ARNOLD
Fraggle Rock THE CAVERN OF LOST DREAMS Cotterpin Doozer searches for the original Cave of the Doozers. Meanwhile, PK and Sprocket go sea fishing. PK is played by John Gordon-Sinclair. PRODUCERS VICTOR PEMBERTON, LAWRENCE S MIRKIN DIRECTORS ALISTAIR CLARK, TERRY MASKELL EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS J NIGEL PICKARD, JIM HENSON TV S Production
9.55am Motormouth The law and you. Do you break the law? What is a criminal offence? What happens if you do get into trouble? Who makes the laws and are they right? Motormouth investigates. You can
DESIGNER NEIL POLLARD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JANIE GRACE DIRECTOR RICK GARDNER ASSOCIATE PRODUCER JOHN COOMBES SERIES PRODUCER ADRIAN EDWARDS TV S Production
10.30am Follyfoot BASED ON AN IDEA BY MONICA DICKENS
THE HUNDRED POUND HORSE BY ROSEMARY ANNE SISSON
Tim Shaw's horse was special - 'It won the Grand National and you can't be more special than that' he tells Dora. It may look like a bedstead to Ron Stryker, but to Dora all horses are special, and dreams are important, too. Tim Shaw Marc Granger Ron Stryker Christian Rodska Dora Gillian Blake The Colonel Desmond Llewelyn Slugger Arthur English Steve Steve Hodson Geoff Shaw Keith Buckley CAMERA PETER JACKSON EDITOR JOHN WATTS DIRECTOR JACK CARDIFF EXECUTIVE PRODUCER TONY ESSEX
11.00am Morning Worship From All Saints, Newcastle upon Tyne The annual All Faiths Service to celebrate the Newcastle upon Tyne People to People Week. Each year, all the religious communities in Newcastle come together for a combined service of celebration. This year the theme for worship is One World, One Family, One God. PRODUCER PAUL BLACK DIRECTOR PAUL DICKIN Tyne Tees Television Production
12.00noon The Walden Interview BRIAN WALDEN In an hour long, one-toone interview, Brian Walden uses his renowned skills at lively, incisive questioning to interrogate not just politicians, but a wide range of the powerful, influential and famous from Britain and abroad. He reveals what motivates them, what impact they're trying to have on the rest of us, and what
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
they think but don't normally say.
action. The lid is lifted on a last major celebrity in Room 113, and Celebrity Sam homes in with the latest Hollywood news. And test your brain with another True or False? Plus hard news stories and lots more.
RESEARCH SIMON GORNICK, LAIN PICTON DIRECTOR DAVID W ROLFE PRODUCERS KAREN THAPAR, CATHI WHEATLEY SERIES PRODUCER JOHN WAKEFIELD LW T Production
1.00pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG
1.10pm Anglia News followed by Weather Forecast Summary
1.15pm Link Kevin Mulhern talks to Nicholas Scott, the minister responsible for the requirements of disabled people, about the need for antidiscrimination legislation for people with disabilities. PRODUCER KEVIN MULHERN A Coffers Bare Production for Central Independent Television
1.30pm Weather Trends followed by
Farming Diary DAVID RICHARDSON OLIVER WALSTON BARRY WILSON The weekly programme with film reports on the farming scene from Teesside to the Thames. Studio topics and up-tothe-minute coverage of EEC developments. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER RICHARD FOXTON PRODUCER WILLIAM SMITH A nglia Television Production
9.25am Orientations The second edition of the topical magazine series focusing on Europe's Oriental communities and bringing the Far East closer to British viewers. This week the programme features private street traders in China and the problems of getting rich under Communism. This is followed by a performance of mask theatre and then a glimpse of Hong Kong's glamorous nightlife. Fully subtitled in English and Chinese. SERIES PRODUCER ANTHONY SHANG DIRECTOR ANDY KEMP
Orientations Production
10.00am NEW
The World This Week GILL PYRAH MICHAEL NICHOLSON The return of television's only 'weekly' devoted to international affairs, news discussion and analysis of the major events and developments in the world outside Britain. Presented by Gill Pyrah and Michael Nicholson. PRODUCER MARTIN HOWE
TV F/ITN Production
2.00 to 2.30pm The Human Factor TED HARRISON PETER WILLIAMS MONI CAMERON FOOD FOR THE SOUL? What are we eating and why are we eating it? That question has never been more pressing than now. In an age of junk food and fast food takeaways, the culture of eating in most Western societies is changing dramatically. Food is becoming just fuel for the body, often to be eaten on the move. At the beginning of One World Week, Ted Harrison looks at some traditional food customs. FILM EDITOR PAUL EVANS RESEARCH PHILIP DAMPIER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PETER WILLIAMS DIRECTOR HANAFI HAYES EDITOR ANDREW BARR TV S Production
11.00am Network 7 For the last programme in the current series, more big news, street style, 100mph talking and early-morning
SERIES EDITOR CHARLES PARSONS EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS JANE HEWLAND, KEITH MACMILLAN
Sunday Production
1.00pm Lost In Space THE GHOST PLANET Hoping to land on Earth, Smith (Jonathan Harris) causes Jupiter 2 to land on an alien planet run by Cyborgs.
2.00 to 4.35pm Greed Another in the series of Thames Silents. McTeague, a goldmine worker, serves an apprenticeship with an itinerant dentist, and later sets up a practice himself. His friend Marcus brings his cousin Trina as a patient. McTeague falls in love with her and Marcus, who also loves her, steps aside to let them marry. This version of the powerful silent classic is some 30 minutes longer than most existing prints. Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 McTeague Gibson Gowland T rina ZaSu Pitts Marcus Shouler Jean Hersholt Mr Sieppe Chester Conklin Mrs Sieppe Sylvia Ashton A ugust Sieppe Austin jewel Maria Dale Fuller Mr Heise Hughie Mack Selina Joan Standing Old Grannis Frank Hayes Gribbons Jack McDonald McTeague Sr Jack Curtis
Ara' L44446 ITV 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Fraggle Rock 9.55 Motormouth 10.30 Follyfoot 11.00 Morning Worship 12noon The Walden Interview 1.00pm ITN News 1.10 Anglia News and Weather 1.15 Link 1.30 Weather Trends f/b Farming Diary 2.00 The Human Factor 2.30 Darts 3.45 Motor Show '88 4.30 The Queen In Spain 5.00 Blockbusters 5.30 A Portrait of My Grandmother 6.00 Bullseye 6.30 ITN News 6.35 Anglia News and Weather 6.40 Appeal 6.45 Highway 7.15 Concentration 7.45 Live from The Palladium 8.45 ITN News f/b Weather 9.05 Piece of Cake 10.00 Hale & Pace 10.30 The South Bank Show 11.30 Prisoner: Cell Block H f/b News 12.25am Married... With Children 12.55 First Exposure 1.25 The Other Side of Midnight f/b News 1.55 Matlock f/b News 3.00 Indy-Cart Racing
Mrs McTeague
Tempe Pigott SCREENPLAY JUNE MATHIS, ERICH VON STROHEIM gm) DIRECTOR ERICH VON STROHEIM
C4 9.25am Orientations 10.00 The World This Week 11.00 Network 7 1.00pm Lost In Space 2.00 Film: Greed 4.35 Obsession 4.40 Stone Monkey 5.10 News, Weather 5.15 The Business Programme 5.45 American Football 7.00 Equinox: Bamboo 8.00 Rebel of the South Seas 9.00 The Media Show TV2000 Special 10.50 Film: Comes a Horseman 1.00am Baseball 4.00. Close -
W hat's happening in 'The W orld This W eek'? Gill Pyrah tells and shows
55
SUNDAY 1 3 Oet Anglia 2.30pm Darts THE MFI WORLD MATCHPLAY From the Festival Hall, Basildon Introduced by Dickie Davies. Who will collect the biggest purse in British darts, the £21,000 winner's prize in the best-of-nine-sets final? Dave Lanning is behind the mike. See page 22
3.45pm Motor Show '88 CHRIS BARRIE PAMELA ARMSTRONG JEAN DENTON JEREMY JUDGE From the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Chris Barrie eyes the astronomic price tags on new Aston Martins, Jaguars, Maseratis and more. Pamela Armstrong and a panel of car buying members of the public try out a selection of vehicles specially chosen by W hich? magazine to meet their needs. ExBritish Women's Racing Champion, Jean Denton, tests the true worth of four-wheel drive and four-wheel steering. From the ad agency that created Vorsprung Durch Technik, Jeremy Judge assesses the importance of style versus engineering. ASSOCIATE PRODUCER IAN WILLOX DIRECTOR BOB MARSLAND PRODUCER JON BLAIR A Jon Blair Film Company Production for Central
4.30pm The Queen in Spain ANTHONY CARTHEW This is the first state visit by the Queen and the Duke of Flinburgh to Spain. The invitation was issued by King Juan Carlos when he came to Britain in 1986. The tour starts with the official welcome by the Spanish royal family in the Palace of Madrid. At the Prado Museum the royal couple view an exhibition of British paintings. Outside the city, in the hills of Madrid, they spend an afternoon at the Escorial
56
Monastery, moving on to the beautiful Andalucian city of Seville. The tour ends in Barcelona viewing the Picasso Museum and the setting for the 1992 Olympics. Presented by Anthony Carthew. See page 6
cover when a mobster recognises they're acting. Writers are Hale & Pace and Laurie Rowley. DESIGNERS ALISON HUMPHRIES, HAZEL LESNIAREK DIRECTOR VIC FINCH PRODUCER ALAN NIXON LW T Production
EDITOR GRAHAM FORRESTER DIRECTOR KIT PLANT ITN Production
10.30pm The South Bank Show
5.00pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS Brains, courage and a 72, sense of humour are all you need to win Blockbusters. 0
a
5.30pm A Portrait Of My Grandmother Sybil, Marchioness of Cholmondeley, is 94 and lives at Houghton Hall in Norfolk. She has an incredible fund of memories and accurate impressions of the statesmen, dictators, diplomats, artists and sportsmen throughout this century. In this film she reminisces with her grandson, David Rocksavage, about the eminent people she has known and also guides us around Houghton, the Palladian stately home built by Sir Robert Walpole, where she has lived for the past 70 years. CAMERA MICHAEL MILES SOUND MERVYN GERRARD EDITOR LESLIE HEALEY DIRECTOR/PRODUCER DAVID ROCKSAVAGE A Golden Eye Production for A nglia Television
6.00pm Bullseye JIM BOWEN TONY GREEN Alan Glazier Jim Bowen hosts a three-way encounter with contestants from Lancashire, Norfolk and the West Midlands who try their luck at the darts game with a difference. It's the turn of professional Alan Glazier to try for the charity challenge. Script associate is Howard Imber. Produced in association with Chatsworth Television. DESIGNER JOHN LAGEU PRODUCER/DIRECTOR RICHARD BRADLEY Central Production
6.30pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG
6.35pm Anglia News and Weather
tr
`The Queen in populace and
6.40pm Appeal LYNNE FAULDS WOOD NATIONAL ECZEMA SOCIETY Lynne Faulds Wood, whose baby son Nicholas has suffered from eczema, appeals on behalf of the National Eczema Society. The society's address is: The National Eczema Society, PO Box 282, London WC1H 9JS. PRODUCER/DIRECTOR KEITH ACKRILL Central Production
6.45pm Highway HARRY SECOMBE from North Donegal Harry visits Glenveagh National Park, Co Donegal, in the northwest corner of Ireland, to meet Father Jimmy Doherty, who, despite suffering from multiple sclerosis has formed a ' successful pop band to raise money for charity. Harry also meets one of Ireland's finest harpists, Brenda Barron. EXECUTIVE PRODUCER BILL WARD PROGRAMME ASSOCIATE RONNIE CASS PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BOB BRIEN Ulster Television Production
7.15pm Concentration NICK JACKSON The game show where a good memory and Concentration help the players win fabulous prizes. By solving the hidden puzzles a contestant can win the trip of a lifetime. Produced in association with Mark Goodson. DESIGNER GREG LAWSON DIRECTOR/PRODUCER GRAHAM C WILLIAMS TV S Production
t with the Ana by K ing Juan Carlos. 4.30prn
7.45pm Live from The Palladium JIMMY TARBUCK with special guest TOM JONES with JOE LONGTHORNE EDDY GRANT MARTI CAINE DARRYL SIVAD MARK WALKER with The Alan Harding Dancers Alyn Ainsworth and his Orchestra Jimmy Tarbuck is your host at the world's most famous variety theatre, The London Palladium, for this series of shows — featuring the best of British and international music and comedy, with the occasional surprise. Writers are Charlie Adams, Garry Chambers, Gerald Mahlowe, Wally Malston and Alan Wightman. See page 106 DESIGNER BILL McPHERSON ASSOCIATE PRODUCER SEAN MURPHY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MARCUS PLANTIN PRODUCER/DIRECTOR IAN HAMILTON LW T Production
8.45pm ITN News FIONA ARMSTRONG followed by Weather Forecast Summary
9.05pm Piece of Cake BY LEON GRIFFITHS, ADAPTED FROM THE NOVEL BY DEREK ROBINSON
Part 4 Piece of Cake follows the adventures, heartaches and rites of passage of RAF fighter pilots during the chaotic first year of the Second World War. It is March 1940 and Hornet Squadron are
billeted with their Spitfires in France, near the German border. With the coming of spring there is a double wedding planned, but will romance stand a chance when the real fighting starts? With only one 'lucky kill' to its name, Hornet Squadron's young pilots begin to doubt their textbook training and their courage to take on the might of the Luftwaffe when the big 'push' comes. See page 10 Oracle subtitles page 888 Pilots of Hornet Squadron: Sqcin Ldr Rex Tim Woodward Trevelyan Jason Calder Chris Hart Boyd Gaines 'Moggy' Neil Dudgeon 'Mother' Cox Patrick Bailey 'Fanny' Barton Tom Burlinson 'Flip' Moran Gerard O'Hare Sticky' Gordon Lovitt 'Fitz' Jeremy Northam 'Pip' Patterson George Anton 'Flash' Gordon Nathaniel Parker Dutton Sam Miller Timothy Lyn Lloyd Officers: 'Skull' Skelton Richard Hope 'Uncle' Rollaway David Horovitch Marriott Stephen MacKenna Bletchley Michael Elwyn Medical Officer Richard Durdon Other ranks: LA C Gullett John Bleasdale Civilians: Mary Helena Mitchell Nicole Corrine Dada Henri Daniel Pageon EXECUTIVE PRODUCER LINDA AGRAN PRODUCER ANDREW HOLMES DIRECTOR IAN TOYNTON Holmes A ssociates Production for LW T
10.00pm Hale & Pace GARETH HALE NORMAN PACE MARGATE VICE Detectives Stubble and Crockery blow their
MELVYN BRAGG An interview with Britain's best-known film producer David Puttnam. Filmed in two parts, the programme first travels to Hollywood to talk to Puttnam the mogul as his stormy period as head of Columbia Studios draws to a close. Puttnam talks about his turbulent 13 months as studio boss during which time he attempted nothing less than a total reworking of the way Hollywood made films. Part two discovers him back in England at his Wiltshire home, preparing to resume his role as Britain's leading film producer. See page 98 PRODUCER DAVID THOMAS DIRECTOR DANIEL WILES RESEARCH FRANCES DICKENSON CAMERA GEOFF HARRISON FILM EDITOR TIM PEARCE LW T Production
11.30pm Prisoner: Cell Block H Drama from the Australian women's prison as two terrorists break into the prison. followed by ITN News Headlines
12.25am Married... With Children JOHNNY BE GONE Al has to make the difficult choice between honouring his commitments to his children or attending the final bash at his favourite hamburger stand. Al Peggy
Steve Marcy
Ed O'Neill Katey Sagal David Garrison Amanda Bearse
12-55am First Exposure First in a series of programmes featuring new comedy acts never before seen on television, hosted by one of Britain's best
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
3 October SUNDAY baseball season finishes. Mick Luckhurst and John Smith report on Bo Jackson, a unique two sport athlete.
alternative cabaret comperes, Arthur Smith. DESIGNER JAMES DILLON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MARCUS PLANTIN DIRECTOR JOHN BIRKIN PRODUCERS JULIET BLAKE, TREVOR HOPKIN LW T Production
1.25am The Other Side Of Midnight ANTHONY WILSON Anthony Wilson meets the stars, analyses the trends and reviews the releases. Your weekly antidote to trendy television. RESEARCH STEVEN LOCK, BRIAN MACHIN PRODUCER/DIRECTOR JULIAN JARROLD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT Granada Television Production
followed by
ITN News Headlines
IL . 5 5 a m Matlock THE COURT MARTIAL: 1 Matlock combats resentment from the military when he defends Private Chris Hughes who's been framed for murder. Ben Matlock Andy Griffith Charlene Matlock Linda Purl Tyler Kene Holliday Hughes Tony Becker
followed by
ITN News Headlines
3.00 to 5.00am Indy-Cart Racing BOSCH SPARK PLUG GRAND PRIX ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: LWT 1.30 LWT Action; 1.90 to 2.00 Link; 5.00 Sunday Sunday; 6.00 to 6.30 The Good Life Guide; 11.30 The Making of Modern London; 12.00 Film - Macho Callahan. A man escapes from an army camp to search for the person responsible for his misfortunes, stars David Janssen, Jean Seberg; 2.00 The Other Side of Midnight; 2.30 to 3.00am Pick of the Week. CENTRAL 1.30 10 2.00 Here and Now; 5.00 to 6.00 Football; 12.00 Author's Disappointment. 2.05 Pick of the Week; 2.35 The Hit Man and Her; 3.55 The Other Side of Midnight; 4.05 to 5.00 Central Jobfinder '88. TVS 5.00 to 6.00 Sunday Sunday; 11.30 Poole Proms; 12.35 to 1.30 Hepburn and Tracey; 2.00 to 4.00 Film - Wonder Man. Danny Kaye plays twins in this colourful comedy; 4.05 Coast to Coast People; 4.35 to 5.00am Island Life. YORKSHIRE 1.00 to 1.15 Calendar News Five Minutes; 1.30 to 2.00 Farming Weather, then Farming Diary; 5.00 The Fall Guy; 6.00 Bullseye; 6.30 News, Calendar News; 6.40 to 6.45 Appeal; 1.30 Scrumdown; 12.30 News Headlines followed by Film - Just Tell Me What You Want Ali MacGraw is a movie mogul's mistress - and so are plenty of other dames. Sidney Lumet directs. 2.30 Pick of the Week; 3.00 Other side of Midnight; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
PRODUCER MIKE WILMOT Cheerleader Production supported by The Daily Telegraph.
4.35pm Obsession A Yugoslav animated film in which a bottle of wine turns into a cat and torments a man.
4.40pm Stone Monkey PORTRAIT OF A ROCK CLIMBER Dynamic movement is the theme of this exciting portrayal of one of Britain's best young climbers, Johnny Dawes. Early boyhood influences are traced as the film moves on to document some of Johnny's unrepeated routes on the Derbyshire Gritstone edges. Then to Wales, and the spectacular Quarryman Groove...
7.00pm Equinox: Bamboo What material can be used in deep drilling for natural gas, the construction of suspension bridges, shipbuilding, paper and scaffolding? The answer is bamboo, the world's fastest growing plant. For thousands of years it has been the mainstay of the Chinese economy and today as China pulls itself towards the 21st century it is playing an increasingly important role in the country's latest economic and industrial revolution. For series booklet send ÂŁ2.50 to C4 address 1, page 75. Oracle subtitles page 888
PRODUCER ALUN HUGHES DIRECTOR HUGH WILLIAMS Hughes Film Productions
ASSOCIATE PRODUCER BARBIE CAMPBELL-COLE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER MICHAEL BLAKSTAD DIRECTOR PATRICK FLEMING W orkhouse Production
5.10pm News Summary and Weather
8.00pm Rebel of the South Seas
5.15pm The Business Programme RICHARD KERSHAW DIARMUID JEFFREYS The series in a live format, presented by Richard Kershaw. Each week, a team of correspondents report from the financial and industrial centres of the world on what is making money, and for whom. DIRECTOR LOUISE CAPELL EDITOR DIARMUID JEFFREYS Business Television Production
5.45pm American Football Last weekend the Los Angeles Raiders played the Kansas City Chiefs and for the Raiders running back Bo Jackson, the game was highly significant. For Bo is the only professional in both American football and baseball, and from April to September he spends his time playing America's summer sport with the Kansas City Royals. He only starts playing for Los Angeles once the
BY PETER YELDHAM
JOHN McENERY ANGELA PUNCH McGREGOR RAY BARRETT The third episode of the series first screened as Tusitala. With civil war raging in his island home of Samoa, Robert
Louis Stevenson is fighting his own battles, to restore his health and that of his muchloved wife, Fanny, who is beset by mental illness. Oracle subtitles page 888 Robert Louis Stevenson John McEnery Fanny Angela Punch McGregor Harry Moors Ray Barrett Belle Strong Julie Nihill Lloyd Osbourne Todd Boyce Rev Clarke Norman Kaye A melia Clarke Lynn Dalby Lady Jersey Olivia Hamnett V on Pilsarch Joseph Furst Dr Eisler John Hamblin Maggie Dorothy Allison Cusack-Smith John Gregg Colvin Alfred Bell Henley Kirk Alexander Lord Rosebery Vincent Ball Dr Marks David Nettheirn Thomas Stevenson Ron Haddrick EXECUTIVE PRODUCER IAN WARREN PRODUCER RAY ALCHIN DIRECTOR DON SHARP Portman Production in association with A BC
9.00pm The Media Show Special - TV 2000
the future - offering a taste of the programmes available now on satellite TV, from the United States and Europe - plus studio guests from the worlds of entertainment and media to discuss the implications for viewers. And you won't need a special dish to receive any of it! PRODUCER VICKI BARRASS DIRECTOR JOHN MAIR DEPUTY EDITOR ANDY LIPMAN SERIES EDITOR ALEX GRAHAM A W all To W all Television Production
10.50pm Comes a Horseman JAMES CAAN JANE FONDA JASON ROBARDS Montana, 1945. Frank a a Athearn has returned from the bloody beaches of Anzio and Sicily to settle on a small piece of the rich western farmland for which he
=
MURIEL GRAY What will be the choice for TV viewers in the year 2000? What kind of programme can we expect - from latenight soft porn to 24hour soap operas? How many new satellite and cable TV channels will there be? Will there be any controls over standards - covering sex, violence or political bias? And what will be the impact on the existing services of the BBC, ITV and Channel Four? Tonight's extended live special promises to be a unique glimpse into
Frank Athearn (fames Caen) joins forces with Ella Connors (Jane Fonda) against landgrabbing J W Ewing (Jason Robards) in the film: 10.50pm
risked his life, but the fighting isn't over... See film guide, beginning page 42 Frank A thearn James Caan Ella Connors Jane Fonda J W Ewing Jason Robards A tkinson George Grizzard Dodger Richard Farnsworth Blocker Jim Davis Billy Joe Mark Harmon Hoverton
Macon McCalman
James Keach
SCREENPLAY DENNIS LYNTON CLARK DIRECTOR ALAN J PAICULA
1.00 to 4.00am Baseball If the World Series goes to seven games, you can see the deciding game live tonight. Presented by David Jensen. The programme may change if the World Series is concluded before transmission. Highlights can be seen on Tuesday at 12.30am, repeated on Thursday at 5.00pm.
THE 41w4b, ROYAL ALBERT CHRISTMAS PLATE Jotefts
-
Heavy 22 carat gold border
CHRISTMAS MAGIC In celebration of a traditional family Christmas English Bone China • The warmth of a traditional family Christmas combined with Royal A lbert's 'Old Country Roses' pattern The magic of a traditional family Christmas is beautifully captured on this exquisite 8 1/2" English bone china plate being launched by Royal Albert in time to celebrate Christmas 1988. The artist, Fred Erroyl, has combined the rich red blooms of Royal Albert 'Old Country Roses' fame with the poignant theme of a true family Christmas. His masterly brush strokes have captured the warmth of a real fire, the contentment of a beloved cat, the alluring sparkle from a gift-laden Christmas tree, a child's toy ... All enchanced with the luxury of 22 carat gold, lovingly lavished by hand upon each individual plate. 'Christmas Magic' is a fine example of the tradition of collectable Christmas plates. A perfect start to a Christmas plate collection or a wonderful addition to one already established. Gift-boxed and complete with a complimentary plate hanger so that it is ready for display, 'Christmas Magic' is available this year from Lawleys by Post. Please send your order to reach us by 1st December at the latest to be sure of your personal share of Christmas magic.
fr.
The Royal A lbert back stamp
A beautiful design by artist Fred Erroyl
Exquisite detail on a rose for Christmas
Plate shown smaller than actual size of 81/2" --
RESERV
I
'OYAL ALBERT CHRISTMAS PLATE NOW
Please enter my order for 'Christmas Magic', the Christmas Plate from Royal Albert, to be sent to me gift boxed and complete with a plate hanger, ready for dis lay, at the inclusive price of £17.95. I enclose cheque payable to Lawleys by Post for £17.95 Please debit my Access/American Express/Diners Club/Visa card for £17.95 ❑ Cardnumber11111111111111111 Expiry date I Name Address Postcode Signature (I am over 18 years of age) Date Send to: Christopher Pearson, Lawleys by Post, FREEPOST, Newcastle, Staffs, ST5 9ZY or telephone (0782) 711888 anytime (answering machine outside office hours) to place your credit card order: Orders received by December 1st 1988 will he despatched in time for Christmas gift giving. For orders received after that date please allow 28 days for deliver) , from acceptance of order. © 1988 Royal Doulton. Registered in England No. 452813.
0
I PLEASE ORDER BY 1ST DECEMBER TO AVOID DISAPPOINTMENT
CN
to I
>
ROYAL ALBERT® Lawleys by Post, Swift House, Liverpool Road, Newcastle, Staffs ST5 9ZY Lawleys by Post is a t/s of Royal Doulton (UK) Ltd.
MONDAY 11.29 Time For a Story W hen the Moon W inked: retold by Sarah and Stephen Corrin. An introduction to reading for 4-6 year olds.
11.41 Science and Technology
Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News
9.30am Schools Half-term repeat of last week's programmes.
DAVID CASS
9.30 Environments W hat is if? It's whatever you want it to be in 'Let's Pretend' at 12.10pm
6.00 TV-am The Morning Programme Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. The latest news with Gordon Honeycombe, sports results and financial news in Money Matters. Plus an early morning workout with Lizzie. 7.00 Good Morning Britain Anne Diamond and Mike Morris present a fastpaced mix of news, views and interviews. Keep up to date with news from Gordon Honeycombe and weather forecasts with Carol Dooley. Plus, celebrity chat, Jimmy Greaves previewing the week's TV highlights, Huckleberry Hound and birthday requests. 9.00 Wacaday Presented by Timmy Mallett. Timmy returns for a week's worth of Wacaday. Watch out for his adventures in Wales, competitions and more.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY Nothing is sacred in this fun quiz - even a lady's age is revealed as contestants try to guess each other's birthdates! The climax of the show sees one person in the hot seat attempting to get nine correct answers in only 75 seconds to win the book of travel vouchers. DESIGNER TIM WILDING RESEARCH MALCOLM QUIGGIN EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STEPHEN LEAHY DIRECTOR STEVE SMITH PRODUCER JANE MACNAUGHT A n A ction Time Production for Granada Television
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Mike Scott starts your week with the lively discussion programme. He'll be travelling the country to find out what
9144441°
Energy: Reducing energy bills by design.
you think about the issues in the news live every weekday morning. PRODUCER ANNA ARKI
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY A new way to spend your mornings. Join husband and wife team, Richard and Judy, for a live and lively look at the home and family. There's everything from food and drink to homes and shopping. There's practical advice on healthy living and money management, and we'll ease your emotional tensions in a problem shared. Lots of familiar faces will be dropping in for a chat. And we want to hear from you on our daily phone-in, so give us a call on 051-555-1000. Special features this morning include:
11.00 to 11.10 Childcare How parents can resolve the conflicting needs of home and career.
11.45.10 11.55 Town Gardens The A-Z of how to cope with the smallest of gardens - from patios to window boxes.
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. Give yourself a break and join Judy and Richard live from Liverpool tomorrow morning for more features and helpful advice.
See page 94 SERIES DIRECTOR DAVID MacMAHON PRODUCERS PETER CONNORS, ANDREW SERRAILLIER, CLARISSA HYMAN DEPUTY EDITOR MAX GRAESSER EDITOR DIANNE NELMES Granada Television Production
TV Tirnes is a member of the European TV Magazines Association
TVIDIES 22-28 October 1988
12.10 to 12.30pm Let's Pretend THE TENT He enjoyed camping, but he hadn't expected his granny, a goose, a cow and a scarecrow to want to share The Tent. Pretenders are Aidan Hamilton, Janet Rawson. Writer is Denis Bond. t DEVISER/PRODUCER MICHAEL JEANS
Villages: How patterns of settlement have come about in the countryside.
9.47 Seeing and Doing Toys with wheels: children create toy models from junk materials and construction sets.
10.04 Videomaths Turning: Looking at turns from our own point of view and through the eyes of others.
10.21 Maths is Fun Five garden gnomes: 'Five', 'Fat', 'Dive', 'Alone', 'Choose', and 'Row' are some of today's key words.
10.33 The English Programme
GCSE Literature: Five Stories of an Hour - Five different interpretations of Kate Chopin's short story.
ITV variations
11.00 Your Living Body
Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 1.30 to 3.25 Film - The Dark Angel. WW1 tale of heartbreak when a woman believes the man she loves has been killed so she marries his cousin, stars Merle Oberon and Fredric March; 6.00 Thames News; 6.30 to 7.00 Reporting London; 10.35 Film - The Red Light Sting. Public funds are used by police to buy a whorehouse to catch a crook, stars Farah Fawcett, Beau Bridges; 12.20am to 1.15 I Spy; 2.00 Film - Never Give An Inch. Paul Newman, Henry Fonda and Lee Remick star in a story about Oregon timberlands; 4.00 to 5.00am 60 Minutes. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 Young Doctors; 1.30 Film - Thin Ice. Kate Jackson, as widowed school teacher who falls in love with a student; 3.30 to 4.00 Hot Property; 6.35 to 7.00 Heart of the Country; 10.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 11.30 Film - Futureworld. Peter Fonda and Ul Brynner in a futuristic adventure; 1.30 Three's Company 2.05 Sportsweek; 3.05 60 Minutes; 4.00 Survival; 4.25 to 5.00am Central Jobfinder '88. TVS 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 1.30 to 3.25 Film Father Dear Father. Comedy starring Patrick Cargill as the harassed father of two teenage girls. With Beryl Reid, Donald Sinden; 6.00 Coast to Coast; 6.30 to 7.00 Country Ways; 10.35 Head to Head; 10.35 Fact to Face; 11.20 Film - Borderline. Murder on the Mexico/US border, stars Charles Bronson; 1.20 Supercross; 1.50 I Spy; 2.50am Hall and Oates. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm The Young Doctors; 1.35 to 3.25 Film - Blithe Spirit. Rex Harrison stars in Noel Coward's classic; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 Calendar; 6.30 to 7.00 The Calendar Fashion; 10.35 Calendar Commentary; 12.00 News Headlines followed by Film - Day for Night. Francois Truffaut's 1973 film-within-a-film showing the highs and lows of romantic movie making; 2.00 News Headlines followed by Trans World Sport; 3.00 Music Box; 4.00 About Britain; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
Looking and listening: Some features of the human eyes and ears.
11.17 Stop, Look, Listen Supermarket: We look behind the scenes at a supermarket.
11.19 History at Hand (Scotland/Grampian/Border)
The Grand Canals: The effect canals have had on the areas through which they pass.
ITV
5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News and Weather 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Let's Pretend 12.30 The Snllivans 1.00 ITN News 1.20 Anglia News and Weather 1.30 Film: Three Cases Of Murder 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 The Young Doctors 4.00 Mother Goose Stories 4.10 The Adventures Of Tintin 4.20 The Real Ghostbusters 4.45 Knightmare 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Survival 7.00 The Krypton Factor 7.30 Coronation Street 8.00 Never The Twain 8.30 World in Action 9.00 Game Set & Match 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia Late News and Weather 10.35 Living Off The Land 11.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H 12.30am 9 to 5 1.00 The Twilight Zone 1.15 Sportsworld Extra 2.00 The Fugitive 2.55 Pop Profile f/b News 3.10 Pick of the Week 3.40 60 Minutes 4.30 Night Beat
12.00noon Sesame Street
'
The Count counts telephone rings. Guest star is Bobby McFerrin, Today's letters are F and Z, and the number is 11.
12.30 to 1.00pm Business Daily SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's only daily business and financial TV news service for businessmen, City professionals and savers and spenders everywhere. Minute by minute, the FTSE 100 index and the £/$ rate come to the screen direct from City computers. There is a full headline news service of major company announcements and price movements, plus interviews with key business news-makers. With City editor Damian Green, industrial editor lain Carson and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson. STUDIO DIRECTORS LOUISE CAPELL, PATRICK HARPUR ASSISTANT EDITOR DAMIAN GREEN EDITOR ANDREW CLAYTON Business Television Production
C4
A toymaker shows how Toys with W heels are made, in today's 'Seeing and Doing' in 'Schools' at 9.47am ,
9.30am Schools 12noon Sesame Street 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Make It Count 1.30 Write On 2.00 Film: Rain 3.45 Years Ahead 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 The Late Late Show 6.00 Landshapes 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Comment f/b Weather 8.00 Brookside 8.30 Film: Reds 12.05am Network 7 , 2.05 Close
59
MONDAY 1 4 October Anglia
jim Henson Presents: Mother Goose Stories
It's one hour after midnight and the three mice are still awake. Their mother's left them to go looking for food. Miss May is played by Laura Goodwin. The puppeteers are Mak Wilson, Karen Prell, Mike Quinby and Angie Passmore.
1.30pm Monday Matinee THREE CASES OF MURDER Three macabre film mysteries: Two members of Parliament fight a 'duel of dreams'; two suitors are suspected when the girl they loved is killed; and a museum guide finds himself trapped inside a painting in his own gallery... Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 Lord Mountdrago Mountdrago Orson Welles Ow en Alan Badel Lady Mountdrago Helen Cherry Andre Morell Dr A udlin
Y ou K illed Elizabeth John Gregson Edgar Emrys Jones George Elizabeth Elizabeth Sellars Jack Lambert Map A cheson B arm an Alan Badel
In the Pictyre Mr X Jarvie Snyder W oman Rooke
Alan Bade! Hugh Pryse Eddie Byrne Lueen McGrath John Salew
SCREENPLAY IAN DALRYMPLE, SIDNEY CARROLL, DONALD WILSON, FROM STORIES BY W SOMERSET MAUGHAM, BRETT HALLIDAY, RODERICK WILKINSON DIRECTORS GEORGE MORE O'FERRALL, DAVID BADY, WENDY TOYE
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm The Young Doctors Dr Piper does some sleuthing. Dr Piper Bartholomew John Alfred Sandor Dr Shaw Lynda Stoner Kim Helen Gordon Lyn James
60
BOB HOLNESS The sixth series of Blockbusters continues with Bob Holness quizzing more contestants eager to make the Gold Run.
Norm feigns unconsciousness in a Dutch hospital for POWs.
and Weather
The Great Brandy from the Romantic Rhine
presented by MARK GRANGER
HICKORY DICKORY DOCK
1.20pm Anglia News
It could easily he argued that Ruedesheim is the gateway to that most beautiful part of the River Rhine with its vineyards and castles. What is beyond dispute is that it is the home of that most sought after German Brandy -Asbach Uralt. For it was here, around the turn of the century that Hugo Asbach founded his world-famous distillery. It takes five litres of the finest wines to produce one single bottle of Asbach Uralt What it also takes is the family skill in distilling; the maturing in Limousin oak barrels; and of course the blending, handed down through generations, to create this soft, mellow, golden brandy. The after dinner brandy that isn't just for after dinner. Discover it in discerning restaurants and off licences, or come and see us here in Ruedesheim from Monday to mid-day Friday for a tasting. For further information write to: Asbach & Co. Brandy Distillery, Am Rottland 2-10, D-6220 Rucdesheim-on-the-Rhinc, West Germany.
5.15pm Blockbusters
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV
BY DAVID ANGUS
DESIGNERS GORDON TOMS, MALCOLM STONE DIRECTOR BRIAN HENSON PRODUCER ROBERTA J KURTZ PRODUCTION EXECUTIVE PAUL STEWART LAING A Jim Henson Production in association with TSW
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin BLACK ISLAND: FUGITIVE Tintin continues his adventures on the mysterious Black Island. Previously shown on Channel Four
4.20pm The Real Ghostbusters THE LONG, LONG GOODBYE The Ghostbusters are called in to investigate when construction workers disturb a sleeping 'Black Shadow' who has been guarding stolen jewels.
ITN News at 5.45 ALASTAIR STEWART Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia Location reports by Charlie Lee-Potter and Rebecca Atherstone (Norwich), Greg Barnes (Cambridgeshire News Centre), Peter Lugg (Bedford), Owen Spencer-Thomas (Northampton), Surrey Beddows (Essex) and Lindsay Brooke (Suffolk). Plus a look at tomorrow's weather. EDITOR JIM WILSON DIRECTORS ALAN BURRELL, PETER TOWNLEY A nglia Television Production
6.30pm Survival ALL AT SEA Seabirds spend most of their time far from land, exploiting the biggest and richest habitat on earth — the open ocean. When they do come ashore, it is to breed, for a short period each year. Survival investigates how they choose their breeding areas, and what factors affect their success. Narrated by Anthony Valentine. EDITOR HOWARD MARSHALL FILMED BY SURVIVAL CAMERA TEAMS WRITER/PRODUCER MALCOLM PENNY A nglia Television Production
4.45pm Knightmare HUGO MYATT TV's award-winning adventure game. Treguard the Dungeon Master (Hugo Myatt) plays host in the computerised catacombs, while John Woodnutt (Merlin the Magician) hands out the rewards in terms of the odd useful spell. Hugo Myatt Treguard Merlin/Mogdred John Woodnutt Lillith/Mildread Mary Miller Folly the Jester Alec Westwood Cedric/Caspar Lawrence Werber Guy Standeven Troll Tom Karol Dwarf/Olaf Gretel the Maid Audrey Jenkinson Sir Gumboil Edmund Dehn DIRECTOR SALLY FREEMAN DEVISER/PRODUCER TIM CHILD A Broadsword Production for A nglia Television
22-28 October 1988 TV TIMES
etobt,-1 MONDAY in his own den. When Percy feels that Emily's privacy is being invaded, he goes into battle with a paint brush!
7.00pm The Krypton Factor GORDON BURNS The first Heat Final. Tonight's contestants are one step closer to becoming the Krypton super-person of 1988, but to achieve this they must join the navy and master the controls of the Sea Harrier jump jet. And there's a bit of Moonlighting', too, as Jessica Martin and Andrew O'Connor — looking not unlike Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis — test the heat finalists, and your powers of observation.
Oracle subtitles page 888 R ita Barbara Knox V era Duckworth Elizabeth Dawn Ivy Brennan Lynne Perrie Don Brennan Geoff Hinsliffe Gloria Todd Sue Jenkins A lec Gilroy Roy Barraclough Jack Duckworth William Tarmey Derek W ilton Peter Baldwin Mavis Riley Thelma Barlow Jenny Sally Ann Matthews Carole Irene Skillington A lan Bradley Mark Eden Deirdre Barlow Anne Kirkbride Emily Eileen Derbyshire Percy Sugden Bill Waddington Martin Platt Sean Wilson A lf Roberts Bryan Mosley Ken Barlow William Roache Sue Nicholls A udrey Bill Lund Milkman
Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR RICHARD SIGNY PRODUCER PATRICIA PEARSON Granada Television Production
7.30 to 8.00pm Coronation Street Jenny is blaming Rita for the outcome of recent sad events, then decides to beard a lion
WRITER BARRY HILL STORIES TOM ELLIOTT, DIANE CULVERHOUSE DESIGNER DAVID BUXTON DIRECTOR SPENCER CAMPBELL PRODUCER BILL PODMORE Granada Television Production
Sadie Thompson (roan Crawford) and Sgt O'Hara (W illiam Gargan) in 'Rain', based on Maugham's powerful parable: 2.00pm
1.00pm Make It Count The fourth programme in the series about dealing with numbers. Today, Fred Harris looks at adding and multiplication and ways to improve your calculating skills. Linked to an Open College course. For further information, write to C4 address 2, page 75, or phone (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 PRODUCER DAVID WILSON Y orkshire Television Production
1.30pm Write On 4: NOTE AND WRITE Writing is not a one-off exercise and this programme looks at how writers need to select their material. Linked to the Open College course 'The Writing Course', price £25 or £49.99. For information see above programme. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR IAN FELL PRODUCER DAVID WILSON Y orkshire Television Production
2.00pm Rain `The Real Ghostbusters' intend to make spirits' spirits sink at 4.20pm
A young knight errant receives timely advice from Master of the Dungeon Treguard (Hugo Myatt) in Ifnightmare', 4.45pm
A tramp steamer is forced to dock at a remote port in the Samoas after a disease breaks out on board. Among the passengers is a prostitute Sadie Thompson whose curves quickly attract the eyes of womenhungry soldiers on the island. Made in black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 Joan Crawford Sadie Rev A lfred Davidson Walter Huston Sgt O'Hara William Gargan Joe Horn Guy Kibbee SCREENPLAY MAXWELL ANDERSON, FROM THE STORY BY W SOMERSET MAUGHAM DIRECTOR LEWIS MILESTONE
3.45pm Years Ahead The topical magazine programme for the over-60s, presented by Robert Dougall. This week, as Britain awaits publication of the Government's white paper on broadcasting, Y ears A head talks to
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Mary Whitehouse about her 25 years of campaigning against violence and sex on TV. Plus a look at a campaign by the Office of Fair Trading and the charity Help The Aged, designed to stop older people becoming the victims of doorstep criminals and con-men. Finally we survey some of the latest travel writing and talk to the veteran writer and walker, John Hillaby. For weekly factsheet write to C4 address 1, page 75. DIRECTOR COLIN FINNIE PRODUCER JOHN KELLEHER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STEVE CLARK-HALL Skyline Film and Television Production
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One WILLIAM G STEWART Of the 22 winners from the last series who have been back, five have won again, but only three with high enough scores to still be on the Finals Board. Two of them are Enid Crispin and Mal Collier joint top with 230 points. MUSIC DIRECTOR PAUL MAGUIRE PRODUCTION DESIGNER COLIN PIGOTT DIRECTORS ROYSTON MAYOR, SIMON PEARCE PRODUCER WILLIAM G STEWART Regent Productions
5.00pm The Late Late Show A mixture of the reverent and irrelevant, of music and chat, hosted by Gay Byrne. RTE/Roberts W ykeham Productions
6.00pm NEW Landshapes
7.50pm Comment
TIM PREECE 1: IN SEARCH OF THE STIPERSTONES Presenter Tim Preece revisits his childhood haunts in Shropshire at the start of this sevenpart series telling the story of our landscape. Filmed from the air, with helicopter pilot Jerry Grayson, throughout the UK, the series shows the building-blocks the landscapes are made of, and the processes that have shaped them. This programme tells how the landscape is not fixed, but constantly changes: in sudden catastrophes, as well as in processes taking hundreds of millions of years like those that have destroyed mountains as big as the Himalayas, to leave the tors of Dartmoor as their only remains. Music by John Keane. For study guide send large sae to address 1, page 75.
A guest speaker gives a personal view on a current issue. Anyone with something thought-provoking to say can appear on Comment. For full details write to Comment, Channel 4, 80 Charlotte Street, London W1P 2AX. followed by
Oracle subtitles page 888 CAMERA CHRIS COX FILM EDITOR AMANDA SMITH PRODUCER TIM FELL Landmark Productions
7.00pm Channel 4 News Presented by Peter Sissons. Oracle subtitles page 888 Oracle News Summary page 401, Oracle City Headlines page SOO, both throughout the week. DIRECTORS LORRAINE JACKSON, ANDREW PETLEY EDITOR RICHARD TAIT ITN Production
Weather 8.00 to 8.30pm Brookside Another visit to the Merseyside housing estate. Today important decisions are made in some quarters whilst elsewhere there are problems, but also romance. Oracle subtitles page 888 A nnabelle Collins Doreen Sloane Paul Collins Jim Wiggins Billy Corkhill John McArdle Rod Corkhill Jason Hope Ralph Hardwick Ray Dunbobbin Terry Sullivan Brian Regan Sheila Grant Sue Johnston Chrissy Roger Eithne Browne Frank Rogers Peter Christian Sammy Rogers Rachael Lindsay Mrs A dams Lesley Daine Cheryl Boyanowsky Jennifer Calvert Kirsty Brown Joanne Black Pc Chalkley Cohn Fay Gordon Collins Mark Burgess Annie Miles Sue Harper Noreen Kershaw Kathy John O'Gorman Tommo WRITER JOHN OAKDEN DESIGNER CAROL SHEERAN DIRECTOR ROB ROHRER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PHIL REDMOND Mersey Television Production
61
When it comes to feeding their pets, most people assume that dogs and cats have similar nutritional needs. However, from a nutritional standpoint, one of these animals is a true carnivore; the other is an omnivore.
Which is which? In the simplest terms cats must have meat in their diet because their bodies cannot derive everything they need from vegetable matter. Therefore, the cat is the true carnivore.
A special animal, a special diet. Cats have much more stringent dietary requirements than dogs and other mammals. They require more protein than dogs, for example. And they need to ingest specific animal tissue such as liver and kidney in order to fulfil their need for vitamin A, taurine (for keen eyesight) and essential fatty acids. 速 Whiskas is a registered trademark to designate food for cats
With Whiskas your cat gets much more than the taste he prefers. At the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition Whiskas recipes are tested to ensure that they meet a cat's unique nutritional needs. This special complete and balanced diet guarantees that Whiskas cats are healthy cats.
Your cat can tell the difference. No matter how much we know about cat nutrition, if your cat doesn't like the taste of his food, he won't eat it. And he won't get the nutrition he needs. That's why Whiskas maintains the highest standards for palatability.
Happy cats make happy owners. It's no surprise that a cat that's fed a variety of Whiskas every day will also be a happy cat. And Whiskas know that happy cats make happy owners.
THE MOST PREFERRED CATFOOD. Pedigree Pettoods 1988
14
AoREIRIlk,
C
of MONDAY independence. However, John follows her and together they cover the biggest story of all — the workers' revolution in Russia... See page 14 and film guide, beginning page 42
Anglia 8.00pm
8.30pm Reds
Never the Twain
WARREN BEATTY DIANE KEATON JACK NICHOLSON GENE HACKMAN An epic film about the love story of renowned journalist and radical John Reed and an aspiring writer, Louise Bryant, set against the turmoil of 1915 America. Intrigued by John's offer to join the artistic and political radicals of New York's Greenwich Village, Louise leaves her husband to go and live with him. Surrounded by many famous intellectuals, Louise has an affair with playwright Eugene O'Neill while John is away. This prompts John to marry her, but soon after America's entrance into the war, Louise flees to France to try and establish her
BY JOHNNIE MORTIMER
DONALD SINDEN WINDSOR DAVIES Tacy Kneale Christopher Morris GRANDFATHERSIN-LAW A new series about the feuding antique dealers. They finally find they have something in common... a grandson. Simon Peel Donald Sinden Oliver Windsor Davies Lyn Peel Tacy Kneale David Christopher Morris Doctor Gordon Peters Baby Martin Ian Finnis DESIGNER JAN CHANEY PRODUCER ANTHONY PARKER DIRECTOR DOUGLAS ARGENT Thames Television Production
8.30pm World in Action A report from the award-winning team. PRODUCERS STEPHEN CLARKE, IAN McBRIDE, DAVID MILLS, LAURIE FLYNN, DEBBIE CHRISTIE, CHARLES TREMAYNE, VYVIAN SIMSON, BRIAN BLAKE, STEPHEN BOULTON, DON JORDAN EDITOR STUART PREBBLE EXECUTIVE PRODUCER RAY FITZWALTER Granada Television Production
9.00pm Game, Set & Match BY LEN DEIGHTON ADAPTED BY JOHN HOWLETT
IAN HOLM MEL MARTIN MICHAEL DEGEN GOTTFRIED JOHN MICHAEL CULVER FREDERICK TREVES ANTHONY BATE The mole, Giles Trent, has been mysteriously shot in London... Oracle subtitles page 888 Bernard Samson Ian Holm V OPO Stefan Gossler Rolf Michael Mellinger Fiona Samson Mel Martin Billy Samson Jamie Valder W alter Dieter Kirchlechner Dicky Michael Culver W erner Michael Degen Julian John Wheatley Sally Kirsten Valder Nanny Linda Broughton Mrs Samson Linden Travers Erich Stinnes Gottfried John Pavel Alexei Jawdokimov Frau V on Munte Petra Peters-Lieven Frank Frederick Treves Chlestakov Seva Novgorodsev
Simon (Donald Sinden) and Oliver (W indsor Davies). Is it still true that the Twain' shall Inapt without
an exchange of insults? See at 8.00pm Tarrant Bret Doris
Shaun Lawton Anthony Bate Barbara Thorn Baz Barker Fletcher Musicians David David Francis Richard Muncy DESIGNERS CHRIS TRUELOVE DIRECTOR KEN GRIEVE ASSOCIATE PRODUCER MILLY PREECE PRODUCER BRIAN ARMSTRONG Granada Television Production
10.00pm News at Ten
12.30am 9 to 5
2.55am Pop Profile
THE INTERNS High school intern Rhonda joins Barkley Foods to study under Bud and is soon after Russ's job.
GEORGE HARRISON — MAKING RECORDS AGAIN After all his problems the ex-Beatle has a right to feel fed up with the music business. So what brought him back into the studio again? followed by ITN News Headlines
Marsha Sally Struthers Judy Valerie Curtin Doralee Rachel Dennison Russ Peter Evans
See page 27
1.00am The Twilight Zone
10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather
EXAMINATION DAY Young Dickie Jordan's birthday wish — to do well in his examinations — makes his parents uneasy.
10.35pm Living Off The Land Britain's farmers have a new surplus problem — a surplus of land. Some experts estimate that by the year 2000 ten million acres, an area twice the size of Wales, will not be needed for food production. Butterfly houses and deer farming, golf courses and leisure parks are the new farm enterprises while, especially in the South East, many farmers have simply cashed in on the development boom. The narrator is John Hedges.
Richard Christopher Allpost R uth Elizabeth Normant Dickie David Mendenhall
1.15am Sportsworld Extra Tony Francis introduces top class sporting action from around the world, including highlights of the weekend's European football. followed by ITN News Headlines
2.00am The Fugitive
11.35pm Prisoner: Cell Block H
NEVER WAVE GOODBYE: 2 Kimble realises he has left an identifiable match where Lt Gerard can find it. In desperation he attempts a daring plan that can give him permanent freedom.
Emergency surgery is set up in the prison hospital.
Kimble Karen Lt Gerard Eric
FILM EDITOR RICHARD KENNAN ASSOCIATE PRODUCER RICHARD FOXTON PRODUCER WILLIAM SMITH
TVT1MES 22-28 October 1988
David Janssen Susan Oliver Barry Morse Robert Duvall
3.10am Pick of The Week
•••••••••
John Reed Warren Beatty Louise Bryant Diane Keaton Eugene O'Neill Jack Nicholson Emma Goldman Maureen Stapleton Pete V an W herry Gene Hackman Louis Fraina Paul Sorvino Speaker at Liberal Club M Emmet Walsh Mr Partlow Ian Wolfe Mrs Partlow Bessie Love Police chief Ramon Bieri Pinkerton guard Jack O'Leary Julius Gerber William Daniels A llan Benson Dave King Joe V olski Joseph Buloff SCREENPLAY WARREN BEATTY, TREVOR GRIFFITHS DIRECTOR WARREN BEATTY
12.05 to 2.05am Network 7 Yesterday's last edition of the 100mph show. Last secrets are revealed in Room 113. Celebrity Sam brings the Hollywood hot news, there's another True or False? hard news stories and lots, lots more...
MOWN.
This week's guest presenter selects the best bits from all ITV's regional programmes. Funny bits, odd bits, even sad bits. They're bits you'll have missed unless you were in the right region at the right time, but you'll be glad you stayed up late for them. And each week, too, there are Pick of The W eek sweatshirts on offer in the phone-in competition. RESEARCH LINDA BARKER EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHRIS MEEHAN PRODUCERS DAVE BEHRENS, GLYNN BRAILSFORD Y orkshire Television Production
3.40am 60 Minutes From America, correspondents Mike Wallace, Morley Safer, Harry Reasoner, Ed Bradley and Diane Sawyer bring you interviews, incisive investigations and illuminating features.
4.30 to 5.00am Night Beat THE UK TOP 10 A lively programme giving a rundown of what's happening in the UK charts.
Tempestuous lovers: John Reed (W arren Beatty) and Louise Bryant (Diane K eaton) in 'Reds' at 8.30pm
They all go rather well together, don't they? And they not only carry the same eye-catching motif, they carry the same 2-year guarantee.
505 MICROWAVE OVEN. 500 watt with turntable. 5 power levels including defrost. ÂŁ119.99.
AUTOMATIC CORDLESS JUG KETTLE. £22.95.
SINGLE SLOT TOASTER.
Takes any thickness. Frozen bread setting. £19.95.
COFFEE MAKER. 8 cup capacity. Re-usable mesh filter. Hot plate. £19.95.
FOOD PROCESSOR. 2 speeds. Pulse action. Chops, slices, shreds and mixes. £52.95.
ELECTRIC KNIFE. Detachable stainless steel blades. Safety lock. £9.95.
A better buy® AVAILABLE FROM LARGER BOOTS STORES ONLY PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO STOCK AVAILABILITY PRICES CORRECT AT TIME OF GOING TO PRESS
Q . 'W hat is a Homeowners Loan Plan?'
A. Quite simply, it's a loan secured by a
mortgage on your property.
Q . 'W ho am I really borrowing from?'
A. From Lloyds Bowmaker, a longestablished reputable company. A subsidiary of Lloyds Bank.
Q
. 'How much can I borrow?'
A. From £5,000 to £30,000 or more.
Q . 'Can I afford the loan?'
A. You should only borrow what you can
thing we can to help you. We suggest you insure your monthly repayments against loss of income, with our Payment Protection Plan. It costs very little, yet it is one of the most sensible ways of protecting yourself against life's uncertainties.
Q 'W hat happens if interest rates go up?' A. The rate at which you take out your loan - currently 17.4% APR (and even lower for loans above £15,000) will be held until 1st January 1990. After that date, the rate may be altered by us.
comfortably afford to repay. We certainly won't encourage you to borrow more than that. But remember, by spreading your 1 repayments over a longer period, you TomoscargigiNF' could limit your monthly outgoings. This, of course, should leave you with some &..eagralr-m-=''''''" welcome extra cash at the end of each month. EXAMPLES OF REPAYMENTS AT 17.4% APR
ANTELT)
RArE GUAR_ _ 990 , 1st JAN
Q. 'How long caul take to repay?'
FIXED UNTIL 1st JANUARY 1990
A.
You can take anything from 5 years to 15 years. And remember, you can reduce your monthly repayments by spreading your loan over a longer period. I'm suddenly unable to Q . 'Suppose make my repayments?'
A. If this should happen we will do every-
F
210.95
185.33
Example: Borrow £10,000 over 5 years, your monthly repayments will be only E244.24 and the total repayment £14,654.40.
finances by paying off existing commitments such as storecard bills and loan agreements at the same time. Make a major purchase, improve your home. In fact, any sensible purpose.
Q . 'A re there any hiddenfees or costs?'
A. None whatsoever. No legal fees. No
surveyor's costs. And life insurance is normally included at no extra cost. (You know exactly where you are with us). can I get affixed Q . 'How repayment low?'
A
Call us free on 0800 373911 or fill in the. application form and send it to: Lloyds Bowmaker (DL), Finance House, FREEPOST, Bournemouth, BH13TQ.
Special Help Desk 9a.m.-9p.m. Today
ciaz Freephone
LO 0800 373911
(Offer applies to U.K. mainland only). Full details of Payment Protection Plan including eligibility criteria and exclusions will be provided. If you apply now, your interest rate will be fixed at 17.4% APR until lstJanuary 1990. After that date, the rate may be altered by us. However, this offer will only be available for a limited period.
YOUR MORTGAGE
Amount of Mortgage outstanding £ Name and address of Building Society
EMPLOYER'S NAME AND ADDRESS Roll No
Forename(s) (Eve) STD
Partner Self Annual Income £ Please state if self-employed years Number of
Monthly repayment £ Name and address of Second Mortgagee
Occupation Number of Years Service PLEASE ENCLOSE MOST RECENT PAY SLIPS FOR EACH APPLICANT
Date of birth
YOUR PROPERTY Address of property offered as security
Amount of Mortgage outstanding £ Please tick if you are interested in payment protection insurance cover Yourself ❑ Self and Partner ❑
I/We do/do not occupy premises
To Lloyds Bowmaker pale confirm that all information shown above is accurate and agree that it shall form the basisof any loan agreement. liWe authorise you to release the information above to any Third Party as may be required in t hecourseof yourbusinessorforthe compilation of general credit reference information. It We authorise you to take up any references you require including information from our existing mortgagee( s). I/We hereby authorise you or your agents to inspect the register of our title at H. M. Land Registry.
Date property purchased Price paid for property £
Signed Signed (Partner)
Estimated value £ Occupation Number of Years Service
A. Entirely up to you. Re-organise your
YOUR PARTNER Forename(s) Annual Income £
YOURSELF Surname Tel. No. (Day) STD
Amount of Loan £
60 MONTHS 90 MONTHS 120 MONTHS 180 MONTHS
Q . 'W hat can I use the loanfor?'
Discount YES/NO Amount
Lloyds Bowmaker
Date
Our furry friend Bungle has to concentrate on more than his book when he tries to pick some out-of-reach apples in Rainbow'
TUESDAY O O
DIRECTOR ALAN RODMAN PRODUCER HOWARD ANDERSON 17W Production
9.30am Schools
Half-term repeat of last week's programmes.
DAVID CASS See page 94
9.35 Start the Day What I'd like to be: Jobs children would like to do, and who they'd like to be.
6.00 TV-am
The Morning
(Ulster only)
Programme Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. Keep up to date with the latest news from Gordon Honeycombe, sports bulletins and Money Matters.
Birds of a feather: The three main groups of wildfowl: swans, geese and ducks.
9.47 Talk, Write and Read Old Mrs Stanton: Children's fears and fantasies about a strange house and an old lady.
7.00 Good Morning Britain Anne Diamond and Mike Morris discuss the issues of the day with a variety of studio guests. Plus, halfhourly news bulletins and weather, plus Gyles Brandreth's 'postbag'. 9.00 Wacaday
10.04 Middle English the family. Phone us on air on 051-555 1000. Special features this morning include: 11.00 to 11.10 The Woolstrand
Presented by Timmy Mallett. Tune in to Timmy for 25 minutes of fun, games and competitions.
Tips, patterns and discussion on all aspects
9.25am Runway
A parents' guide to teaching babies and young children to swim.
RICHARD MADELEY Get away from all the doom and gloom of the news and start your day by switching on to Runway. If after watching the show, you feel that you, too, could be a contestant, then please apply on a postcard to: Runway Contestants, Action Time, PO Box 121, Manchester M60 1EX. You could soon see what it's like to be on the other side of the screen!
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. Give yourself a break and join Judy and Richard live from Liverpool tomorrow morning for more features and helpful advice.
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Presenter Mike Scott travels the country to discuss the issues in the news.
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY A new way to spend your mornings, the magazine show that takes a live and lively look at the home and
interviews, sound coverage of the proceedings of the House of Commons and television coverage of the House of Lords. Reporter is Nicholas Woolley.
of knitting. 11.45 to 11.55 Water babies
12.10pm Rainbow PROBLEM SOLVING TOGETHER Appearing are Geoffrey Hayes, Stanley Bates, Jane Tucker, Rod Burton, Freddy Marks, Roy Skelton and guest John Styles. There are lots of apples on the tree in the Rainbow garden and Geoffrey, Bungle, Zippy and George are going to have one each, but the apples are too high to reach. So how will they get them down? Everyone has an idea, and in the end they solve the problem together. Puppeteers are Ronnie Le Drew and Malcolm Lord. WRITER ROY SKELTON RESEARCH PETER BAILEY DIRECTOR ANDREW THOMAS PRODUCER LESLEY BURGESS EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHARLES WARREN Thames Television Production
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
12.30pm The Sullivans
Nina Bawd en discusses how she includes her own experiences in her writing.
Walter and Tom execute a daring rescue attempt to save Norm's life; Dr Donovan appears at the Sullivan's.
10.21 The German Programme
For cast, see Monday
Partner TV 2: A magazine programme for those learning German. Programme 10 includes: Einkaufen, Der Flohmarkt, Handeln, Klaus and Uli 5.
10.43 History in Action
ITN News at One ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 1.30 to 3.25 Film - High Tide at Noon. Reminiscences on a desert island with Betta St John and William Sylvester; 11.35 Film Short Walk to Daylight. Earthquake leads to terror on the New York Subway, stars James Brolin; 1.00 Donahue; 2.00 Film - The Spirit of the Beehive. Two young sisters become obsessed with Frankenstein, Spanish film with English subtitles; 4.00 to 5.00am Superstars Wrestling. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 1.30 to 3.25 Film - Hostile Witness. Thriller starring Ray Milland and Sylvia Sims; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 to 6.30 Central News; 7.30 to 8.00 Venture; 11.25 Fight Night; 12.30 Film - The Manitou. Supernatural thriller starring Tony Curtis; 2.30 America's Top 10; 3.00 Space; 4.00 Vietnam; 4.25 to 5.00 Central Jobfinder. TVS 1.30 to 3.25 Film - My Teenage Daughter. Anna Neagle has problems as the mother of two girls, one of whom has a boyfriend she disapproves of; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 to 6.20 Coast to Coast; 11.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.20 Donahue; 1.25 to 3.00 Film - Cattle Queen of Montana. Western starring Barbara Stanwyck as a pioneer in struggle to keep her late father's land; 3.05 Night Beat: Off the Wall; 4.05 About Britain; 4.30 to 5.00am The Human Factor. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to I.00pm Young Doctors; 1.30 The Autumn Garden; 2.00 Highway to Heaven; 2.55 The Doctor; 3.00 to 3.25 Who's the Boss?; 3.30 to 4.00 Sons and Daughters; 6.00 to 6.30 Calendar; 11.25 Fight Night; 12.30 News, Scene of the Crime; 2.00 News, The Concert; 3.00 Three's Company; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
Lifeline of the Empire: (Contemporary A ccount) `Police action' or 'Active aggression'? - Britain and the world divided over the Suez Canal crisis.
11.05 Seeing and Doing Toys with Wheels: Repeat of Monday's programme.
11.22 Science - Start Here! Colour: A look at the importance of light and colour in our lives.
11.22 Looking Forward (W ales only)
Clearing Up: How can we undo the harm done to the environment and the quality of our lives by The Industrial Revolution?
11.39 How We Used To Live Easter Holiday: The beginning of CND, and families on holiday.
11.39 Standard Grade Miscellany (Scotland/Grampian/Border)
Cait a bheil na h-eileanaich? (Where are the islanders?): A stimulus for native Gaelic speakers through the written, and spoken word.
12.00noon The Parliament Programme GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART Television's only programme providing up-to-the-minute coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament on a daily basis - with live
5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Rainbow 12.30 The Sullivans 1.00 ITN News 1.20 Anglia News 1.30 Film: The Thief Of Baghdad 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 The Young Doctors 4.00 Tickle on the Tum 4.10 The Adventures of Tintin 420 The Sooty Show 4.45 Count Duckula 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Prove It 7.00 Strike It Lucky 7.30 Rising Damp 8.00 The Bill 8.30 Return of Shelley 9.00 Viewpoint '88 Special 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia News 10.35 Viewpoint '88 Special 11.35 Film: Christine 1.25am At. The Maintenance Shop f/b News 2.00 Ainerica's Top 10 2.30 Throb f/b News 3.00 Quiz Night 3.30 The Outsiders 4.30 Farming Diary
12.30pm Business Daily SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's only daily business and financial TV news service. The FTSE 100 index and the ÂŁ/$ rate come to the screen direct from City computers and there is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the morning. With commentary from industrial editor lain Carson, City editor Damian Green and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
1.00pm Tourism: The Welcome Business 4: DEALING WITH VISITORS If customers can be a problem individually, how can large groups of them be coped with. Linked to the Open College course 'Tourism: The Welcome Business'. For further information, write to C4, address 2, page 75, or phone (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 WRITER ANDREW BARKER DIRECTOR TONY SUTCLIFFE PRODUCER NICK FREETHY V ideotel Production
C4 i"
1.30 to 2.00pm Catering With Care 4: PEST CONTROL The Open College series focusing on the catering industry. Flies, mice, rats and cockroaches are never far away from kitchens. Birds and cats can be closer still. Sensible waste disposal is vital to the control of pests. With Jonathan Powell, Tom Karol and John Bleasdale. Linked to the Open College course 'Focus on Clean Food' price ÂŁ49.95. For further information write to C4 address 2, page 75, or phone (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 WRITER PETER TAYLOR DIRECTOR JEFF DOWSON PRODUCER NICK FREETHY V ideotel Production
9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Tourism: The Welcome Business 1.30 Catering With Care 2.00 Film: The Gaucho 3.35 Magoo's Young Manhood 3.40 The Oprah Winfrey Show 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 American Football 6.00 The Cosby Show 6.30 Design Matters: Cities With A Future? 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Comment f/b Weather 8.00 The Divided Kingdom 8.30 4 What It's Worth 9.00 The Other Europe 10.00 St Elsewhere 11.00 The New Statesman 11.30 American Football 12.30am Baseball 1.30 Beats of the Heart 2.25 Close .
67
GEORDIE ONE IS OP PREMIUM BITT Y UARTER OF TH F THE EQUIPM ND TWICE THE FLAVOUR.
can now make 30 pints of e very best English bitter at home with no fuss and in next to no time at all. Can this be true? Yes. It's the taste that's unbelievable. Instructions 1.Dissolve contents and 3/4 -bag of sugar in pressure barrel. 2.Add the hops and genuine brewers yeast provided. Wait 21 days. 3. Drink 4. Er, .... ttat's it .... NEW GEORDIE ONE STE SO SIMPLE. SO GOOD.
GtORDIE
TUESDAY
2 Anglia 1.20pm Anglia News and Weather
this time with a load of pantomime scenery. It wasn't his fault that the old scenery had fallen down and he really didn't know that the paint pot had been full. But if you want to make a crisis out of a drama, Barney Bodger's your man! Dexter's assistant is John Eccleston. Script by Charlie Moritz. Drawings by Valerie Pye. DESIGNER NICK KING EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT PRODUCER MARTYN DAY DIRECTOR RICHARD SIGNY Granada Television Production
1.30pm Tuesday Matinee RODDY McDOWALL PETER USTINOV THE THIEF OF BAGHDAD
Handsome young Prince Taj is robbed of his worldly goods while travelling to Baghdad, but he refuses to be robbed of what he cherishes most: the beautiful Princess Yasmine. The Caliph, Yasmine's father, offers her hand in marriage to the man who can bring her 'the most valuable thing in the world'. For help, Taj turns to a wily thief named Hasan and they embark on a great adventure aboard their magical flying carpet. lb
See film guide, beginning page 42 Roddy McDowall Hasan The Caliph Peter Ustinov The W azir Terence Stamp Prince Taj Kabir Bedi A bu Bakar Frank Finlay Perizadah Marina Vlady Y asmine Pavla Ustinov Gatekeeper Ian Holm SCREENPLAY A J CAROTHERS DIRECTOR CLIVE DONNER
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm The Young Doctors
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin BLACK ISLAND: INTRIGUE
Tin Tin continues his adventures on the mysterious Black Island. Previously shown on Channel Four
4.20pm The Sooty Show MATTHEW CORBETT CUDDLY TOYS
When Sweep and Sooty ruin Soo's bean bag, all is not well in the Sooty household. Matthew comes to the rescue with his do-it-yourself manual when he makes a cuddly toy machine. However, Sooty isn't so keen when Soo has the idea of making some toy Sootys. Things go very wrong and they all have to rely on the real Sooty and his magic to sort things out. Puppeteers are Judy Palmer, Peter Saxon and Richard Lockwood. Soo's voice, Brenda Longman. WRITER DANNY McCARTHY DIRECTOR STAN WOODWARD PRODUCER CHARLES WARREN Thames Television Production
Drama with the doctors and nurses at the Albert Memorial hospital. A cheque bounces; and an engagement is announced.
4.45pm Count Duckula
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
Tickle on the Turn -
JACQUELINE REDDIN DEXTER THE CAT and TIM HEALY BARNEY BUILDS THE SCENERY BY DORIS M DAY
You'd better lock-up the tool shed and hide the paint because Bodger's back - and
DOWN UNDER DUCKULA
Bill Platypus goes walkabout and Count Duckula goes flyabout in the Australian outback. Animation directors are Carlos Alfonso and Juan R Pina.
5.15pm Blockbusters
7.30pm Rising Damp
BOB HOLNESS More teenagers line up to race either up and down or across the Blockbusters board and hopefully go on to the Gold Run trail and win exciting prizes.
BY ERIC CHAPPELL
ITN News at 5.45 ALASTAIR STEWART Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia HELEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES News, views and features on the serious and lighter sides of life in the East of England. The newscaster is Helen McDermott..
6.30pm Prove It CHRIS TARRANT Chris Tarrant introduces another selection of extraordinary people who claim to have something to prove. Tonight, among those who have said: 'You'll never guess what I can do!' Chris meets a kebab creator, some appetising skirts, a man with a beard, and a peculiar plate-spinner. DIRECTORS MARTIN SCOTT, JOHN GORMAN PRODUCERS DANNY GREENSTONE, RICHARD HEARSEY TV S Production
7.00pm Strike It Lucky MICHAEL BARRYMORE The top-rating quiz game that combines modern technology with a lot of oldfashioned fun now has a jackpot of £3000. As always, the unique Michael Barrymore is in charge. RESEARCH JOANNA STEWART, SHEILA DUANE ASSOCIATE PRODUCER JOHN GRAHAM PRODUCER MAURICE LEONARD DIRECTOR BRIAN PENDERS Thames Television Production
LEONARD ROSSITER RICHARD BECKINSALE FRANCES DE LA TOUR DON WARRINGTON
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
PHYSICIAN OF THE YEAR Theo accepts the prestigious Physician of the Year award on behalf of his Dad.
MOONLIGHT AND ROSES
Another episode from the popular Seventies sitcom about landlord Rigsby, and his tenants. When told there's a new man in Ruth's life, Rigsby quickly decides to tell her of his own feelings. But he arrives too late, she is otherwise engaged. Rigsby Leonard Rossiter Richard Beckinsale A lan Ruth Frances de la Tour Philip Don Warrington Desmond_ Robin Parkinson Brenda Gay Rose DESIGNER COLIN PIGOTT DIRECTOR/PRODUCER RONNIE BAXTER Y orkshire Television Production
8.00 to 8.30pm The Bill HERE WE GO LOOPY LOU BY JULIAN JONES
More danger and excitement in the life of crime in another episode from Sun Hill police station. Cryer, Edwards and Brind investigate reports of a man wearing a flowing white robe. Under closer inspection, they become involved in a dangerous game of hide-and-seek. See page 116 Oracle subtitles page 888 Pc Edwards . Colin Blumenau Sgt Cryer Eric Richard W pc Brind Kelly Lawrence Forem an Phil Horsley Poodle owner Marcia Ashton McGregor Kevin McMonagle Skip driver Ricky Garrett W orried woman V ioletta Y oung woman Juliette Grassby Pc Stamp Graham Cole W orkman Terry Duran Nurse Race Davies Porter Vince Rayner Doctor Mellan Mitchell SERIES ADVISER GEOFF McQUEEN DESIGNERS ROBIN PARKER, COLIN ANDREWS EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PETER CREGEEN PRODUCER MICHAEL FERGUSON DIRECTOR BRIAN FARNHAM Thames Television Production
2.00pm The Gaucho A little girl falls from a ledge into a canyon and appears to have died. But an ethereal force rejuvenates her. In black and white
See film guide, beginning page 42 The Gaucho Douglas Fairbanks The Mountain Girl Lupe Velez The Girl of the Shrine Geraine Greear Girl of the Shrine, as a child Eve Southern Ruiz Gustav von Seyffertitz Ruin's lieutenant Michael Vavitch Gaucho's lieutenant Charles Stevens The padre Nigel de Brulier Black Doom victim Albert MacQuarrie Lady of the Shrine Mary Pickford SCREENPLAY LOTTA WOODS, FROM A STORY BY ELTON THOMAS (DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS) DIRECTOR DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS
`The Adventures of Tintin' take him to Black Island. Follow - if you dare
Oracle subtitles page 888 Cliff Bill Cosby Clair Phylicia Ayers-Allen Denise Lisa Bonet Theodore Malcolm-Jamal Warner V anessa Tempestt Bledsoe Rudy Keshia Knight Pulliam
6.30pm Design Matters: Cities With A Future? 2: GLASGOW 'Glasgow's Miles Better' says the slogan, and this can be seen in the way old Victorian warehouses have been converted into flats; tenements now glow in their red and yellow stone; and radical patterns of tenure and management are affecting even the most notorious estates. And design is playing an increasing part in the rehabilitation of industry. Series consultant Ken Baynes. For series booklet, send £1.50 to C4 address 1, page 75.
3.35pm Magoo's Young Manhood
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER NANCY THOMAS PRODUCER/DIRECTOR CHARLES MAPLESTON Malachite Production
Magoo happily reminisces about his college-boy dates with the famous actress Lilly Larrabee.
7.00pm Channel 4 News
3.40pm The Oprah Winfrey Show
7.50pm Comment
Oprah Winfrey hosts the top-rated US chat show that discusses all the questions you would never dare to ask.
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One More contestants join the semi circle.
5.00pm American Football
Count Duckula David Jason Igor Jack May Nanny Brian Trueman Doctor V on Goosewing Jimmy Hibbert A dditional voices Ruby Wax DIRECTOR CHRIS RANDALL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JOHN HAMBLEY PRODUCERS MARK HALL, BRIAN COSGROVE Thames Television Production
6.00pm The Cosby Show
The big games this week are Houston at Cincinnati, the Los Angeles Raiders at New Orleans and San Francisco at Chicago. Join Mick Luckhurst for all the weekend's news from the National Football League. Repeated later tonight at 11.30.
Oracle subtitles page 888
Another personal view. followed by
Weather 8.00 to 8.30pm The Divided Kingdom 2: THE NORTH IDENTITY IN DOUBT Is the break-up of Britain into its constituent nations and regions, becoming more likely as the 21st century approaches? Kim Howells, from Wales, describes the North/South divide within England, and queries where the North begins. He ends up in Geordieland. Beatrix Campbell, from the North, responds. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR COLIN THOMAS PRODUCER JOHN OSMOND HTV Production
69
SAA.We measure the miles by your smiles. Fly SAA, the No. 1 choice. As specialists on the route, SAA offers excellent in-flight comfort and service and the biggest choice of non- stop flights. Flying SAA entitles you to valuable discounts on hotel accommodation, car hire and our unique `See South Africa' fare.
BUT YOU CAN HELP HER TO LIVE WITH IT
Post the coupon or see your Travel Agent for details.
• 1),- ///4_
SHE CAN'T RUN AWAY FROM CANCER.
- -
SINSISMINI
dji
A sofa you can sit on forever at a lid• II it nf s r 21 days. HENLEY Tremovable. Available in Cold. Brown, Green or Sky.
he frame is upholstered with calico and the outer cotton print covers are fully
Everyone seems to be aware of the physical effects of cancer. It's just the emotional consequences of the disease that are all too often overlooked. But not by Cancer Relief. Our Macmillan nurses are trained to relieve not only the pain caused by the disease, but also the anguish and uncertainty that the patients „and their families have to-live through. Our nurses can, in essence, help
them to regain their confidence and give them the hope of leading an active, normal family life again. We think every cancer patient deserves this kind of hope. But we need your help to make sure they get it. Please send your donations to Sir Hugh DundasC.B.E.,D.S.O.,1).EC.,111..,ROOM TV7 , Cancer Relief Macmillan Fund, 15/19 Britten Street, London SW3 3TZ. Telephone: 01-351 7811.
LEADING THE WAY IN CANCER CARE. Macmillan Fund Registered as the National Society for Cancer Relief Regd.No. 261917
!SEC TH.4
RACtilOPS°: IV ARE/A A A Ar sts g S I/rioN Gofty oR
tE
20 kic ER um, PRI OLIN TI NI QER'S BLLIA NTLY SUCCESS%
£449
11.4. C ZitCr te SHORTLY COMMENCING ITS 5th YEAR OF GROUP OWNERSHIP FULL CIRCLE WAS THE FIRST AND HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE BEST THE ENTERPRISE IS HAVING A MARVELLOUSLY EXCITING TIME WITH
36 WINNERS SO FAR THIS YEAR AGAIN 3rd IN THE BRITISH OWNERS LIST FOR RACES WON OVER 200 OF THE 400 RUNNERS HAVE EITHER WON OR BEEN PLACED - FANTASTIC!
K IR K DA L E LUXURIOUS UPHOLSTERY AT DIRECT-TO-YOU PRICES
THE PRINCIPAL AIMS OF THE ENTERPRISE ARE TO WIN RACES BOTH ON THE FLAT AND OVER JUMPS AND TO GIVE CORRECT ADVICE AND VALUABLE INFORMATION TO ALL CONCERNED. IT COSTS APPROXIMATELY £1 A DAY
(PAYABLE HALF YEARLY) TO BE A SHAREHOLDER only one If you saw this furniture in a shop it would Our 24 page free colour brochure features a share is allowed per person. probably cost you at least twice as much. Quite huge collection of top quality designs and simply shop overheads and profit margins push fabrics. If you have any further queries please prices way up. At Kirkdale, therefore. we only feel free to discuss them with our sales office • HAVE A RUNNER IN THE Grand National MONANORE WAS 3rd THIS YEAR. supply furniture direct, saving you literally over the telephone. Send for the brochure now, hundreds of pounds. What's more Kirkdale and see for yourself how only Kirkdale can • THE WELL KNOWN BLUE AND RED COLOURS CAN BE YOUR COLOURS. furniture is made to last, and comes with a full ly UNEQUA LLED FURNITURE AT two year guarantee against any defect of supp ELIE VAB LEPR IC ES UNB DON'T MISS OUT materials and workmanship. For example, all Please send me your free colour brochure Kirkdale furniture incorporates Serpentine WRITE OR PHONE FOR A BROCHURE TO FULL CIRCLE Sprungedged springs so there are no hard edges and fabric samples. (Please allow 7 days and the solid wood frame is constructed to for delivery). WOODLAND STABLES withstand the toughest treatment. Paying is Name straightforward — we ask you to send 20% with 065 LANGTOPd TEL: 385 512 your order, and pay the balance when we deliver Address MALTON to your home about 6 weeks later. You can settle down with your furniture for N. YORKS. 21 days before deciding to keep it, ar return it to T V 171 9 flOPOStcode us for a full refund. run nonce does not consume ai....eanon to raeCnase Oases. wh n rn votli be made solely on IM1e0a.vs or The terns set 0. in our prospectus"
Kirkdale Mail Order Ltd., Gwalia Works, Factory Road, Brynmawr, Gwent NP3 4DP. I 0495 311147 (A11 featured prices include VAT)
TUESDAY Dr Chandler Denzel Washington Dr A uschlander Norman Lloyd Dr A xelrod Stephen Furst Dr Novino Cindy Pickett Dr Griffin Bruce Greenwood Ellen Craig Bonnie Bartlett Dr K iem France Nuyen
Anglia 8.30pm The Return of Shelley
8.30pm 4 What It's Worth
HYWEL BENNETT EMERGENCY WARD 9
PENNY JUNOR SUSAN OSMAN Bill Breckon David Stafford For investigations, feature reports, best buys and consumer news, watch Channel Four's consumer programme. For factsheet, send sae to PO Box 6, Fleet, Hants GU13 9QL.
BY GUY JENKIN
Shelley finds that London is not dissimilar to New York in this new forceful Britain. You can get banged on the head here just as easily as in America! The difference is America doesn't enjoy the wonderful facilities of the National Health Service, with all its humanitarian potential. Unfortunately, Shelley discovers that the potential part of it is all very well, but the NHS needs treatment, too — an injection of money. No wonder Shelley gets the needle.
the return of
any nearer the truth? Many people disbelieve the official version of what happened that fateful day in Dallas. This programme reveals startling new evidence. Continued after News at Ten.
James Shelley Hywel Bennett Carol Caroline Langrishe Graham Andrew Castell Consultant Geoffrey Whitehead Pc Barnes Christopher Driscoll N urse Gillian Bevan Dr Hall Philippa Haywood Palmer Joseph Marcell Guscott James Goode Robinson James Barron Swift Julia Gilbert
CAMERA STEPHEN McNUTT, JOHN VARNISH SOUND ALGIS KAUPAS, VAUGHAN ROBERTS FILM EDITOR PAUL JACKSON ASSOCIATE PRODUCER SUSAN WINTER PRODUCER/DIRECTOR NIGEL TURNER Central Production
DESIGNER ROBERT IDE PRODUCER/DIRECTOR ANTHONY PARKER Thames Television Production
with ALASTAIR BURNET SANDY GALL
9.00pm Viewpoint '88 Special
10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather
THE MEN WHO KILLED PRESIDENT KENNEDY It is 25 years since the assassination of President John F Kennedy. His death has been the subject of two US Government .commissions, 300 books and countless media investigations. Are we
IBA Family Viewing Policy To help parents decide what children should see, information is provided in TV Times and in on-screen announcements. Up to 9.00pm, ITV and Channel Four seek to provide programmes suitable for viewing by all the family. After 9.00pm, a wider range of material is shown and parents are expected to assume responsibility for what their children see.
10.00pm News at Ten
Bed sore in more ways than one, Shelley (Hywel Bennett) makes a far from patient patient. It's enough to cure Carol (Caroline Langrishe) and Graham (A ndrew Castel]) of hospital visiting for keeps. See 8.30pm
destroy anyone in her way. It is 1978 and meek 17-year-old Arnie Cunningham becomes inexplicably obsessed with the rusty old '58 Fury he buys from strange Mr LeBay. Arnie's family and friends watch helplessly as his personality radically alters under the evil influence of Christine... TV version
See film guide, beginning page 42 A rnie Keith Gordon Dennis John Stockwell Leigh Alexandra Paul Junkins Harry Dean Stanton Darned Robert Prosky Mrs Cunningham Christine Belford LeBay Roberts Blossom Buddy William Ostrander Mr Casey David Spielberg Mr Cunningham Robert Darnell Moochie Malcolm Danare R ich Steven Tash V andenberg Stuart Charno Roseanne Kelly Preston
Pepper Boyd Richard Collier
10.35pm Viewpoint '88 Special THE MEN WHO KILLED PRESIDENT KENNEDY Concluding this programme which reexamines the assassination of President John F Kennedy.
11.35pm Carpenter's Craft HARRY DEAN STANTON CHRISTINE 'She' is not just a car. She is Christine, a red and white 1958 Plymouth Fury whose standard equipment includes a terrifying power to seduce those of her choosing — or to
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
SCREENPLAY BILL PHILLIPS BASED ON THE NOVEL BY STEPHEN KING DIRECTOR JOHN CARPENTER
1.25am At the Maintenance Shop A concert featuring New York born David Bromberg, a guitarist and fiddler who has worked with Bob Dylan and Carly Simon. t followed by ITN News Headlines
2.00am America's Top 10 CASEY KASEM Casey Kasem, the celebrated music historian and radio and television personality, presents the top 10 hits from this week's US pop music charts.
2.30am Throb BRIEF ENCOUNTER Sandy's jogging accident leads to a romantic interlude with a paediatrist who dreams of settling down to married life. Sandy Beatty Diana Canova Zach A rmstrong Jonathan Prince B lue Jane Leeves Phil Richard Cummings Jr
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.00am Quiz Night ROSS KING THE PEARTREE (Wolverhampton) v THE BOOT (Sarratt) A fast-moving competition for quiz enthusiasts. Twentyeight top teams from Quiz Leagues all over Britain compete for the coveted title of Quiz Night Champions 1989. Ross King puts the contestants through their paces with a wide range of questions. PROGRAMME CONSULTANTS DAVID ELIAS, SARA LOW GRAPHICS VALERIE PYE DESIGNER PAUL ROWAN RESEARCH LINDA CLIFFORD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER STEPHEN LEAHY PRODUCER/DIRECTOR CRISPEN EVANS Granada Television Production
3.30am The Outsiders GOLDEN GIRL Charlie and Pete join the staff of a luxurious hotel. Pete Jarrett Sacha Hehn Charlie Cole Andrew Kerr Dicky Michael Craig Susan Wendy Hughes
4.30 to 5.00am Farming Diary A repeat of Sunday's programme.
PRODUCER GERARD MELLING DEPUTY EDITOR ELEANOR STEPHENS DIRECTORS CHRIS BOULD, RANDAL BEATTIE EDITOR MARY McANALLY Thames Television Production
9.00pm The Other Europe JACQUES RUPNIK 2: THE ICE AGE The series about Communist Europe. In 1945 the Red Army had conquered the heart of Europe. Soviet troops were quartered amid the rubble of Berlin, Budapest and Warsaw. By 1953, when Joseph Stalin died, the countries of Central Europe had passed into an Ice Age. Everywhere Soviet-style socialism was installed, it was followed by the transfer of 'The technology of power' — the apparatus of terror accompanied by the promise of Utopia. Presenter Jacques Rupnik, born in Czechoslovakia and an expert on the subject, presents an anatomy of the Stalinist system in the countries of The Other Europe. SERIES EDITOR MICHAEL JONES EXECUTIVE PRODUCER NICK FRASER PRODUCER/DIRECTOR TOM ROBERTS Panoptic Production
10.00pm St Elsewhere SLIP SLIDING AWAY Dr and Mrs Craig's worst dream materializes when the mother of their baby granddaughter recovers enough to return for her infant. Dr W estphall Ed Flanders Dr Morrison David Morse Dr Craig William Daniels Dr Fiscus Howie Mandel Nurse Rosenthal Christina Pickles Dr Ehrlich Ed Begley Jr
11.00pm The New Statesman BY LAURENCE MARKS, MAURICE GRAN
FRIENDS OF ST JAMES Alan organises a parliamentary factfinding expedition to a sun-kissed Caribbean island... whose only export seems to be the world's strongest marijuana! Previously shown on ITV
A lan B'Stard Rik Mayall Norman R R Cooper Piers Michael Troughton Sarah Marsha Fitzalan Lance Trevor Laird Catchpole William Simons Capt Hirsch Angus MacInnes Cy ndy Steffanie Pitt Headmaster Neville Phillips Co-pilot John Jay Police Sgt Chris Turnmings House of Commons Speaker John Carlin DESIGNER ROGER ANDREWS DIRECTOR GEOFFREY SAX PRODUCER DAVID REYNOLDS Y orkshire Television Production
11.30pm American Football Another chance to see the programme shown earlier this evening.
12.30am Baseball One of the world's great sporting events — the World Series — is concluded tonight on Channel Four. Looking back at the climax of the 1988 Major League Baseball season is David Jensen. Programme may change if World Series is concluded before transmission.
1.30 to 2.25am Beats of the Heart RHYTHM OF RESISTANCE — BLACK MUSIC OF SOUTH AFRICA This week's programme depicts, through music, the struggle of black South Africans against apartheid. Jeremy Marre traces the music's roots to remote areas of Zululand, travels secretly to an all-night song contest in a migrant workers' hostel and visits black radio stations controlled by whites with rigid censorship. PRODUCER JEREMY MARRE DIRECTORS CHRIS AUSTIN, JEREMY MARRE Harcourt Films Production
71
Say Hovis Goldenbran. A golden brown loaf made from the most delicious parts of the grain. Then strewn with tasty bran, toasted wheatgerm and cracked wheatgrains. It's a bran loaf people actually
eat for pleasure. And it's just as healthy as the kind of bran loaf that tastes as if it's been hacked from a tree. Goldenbran. The latest thing in brown bread from good old Hovis.
Where can you find videos you can't wait to watch and slimming magazines when you're watching your weight?
We've got an irresistible selection of videos that everyone will love, from children's favourites to blockbusting movies. And if you've been sitting around watching too many films, our great range of slimming and fitness magazines can help you get into shape.
WHSMITH More to discover
Prices correct at time of going to press. Subject to availability. Available at WHSmith Video Departments.
1 Today's special features include: 11.00-11.10 New Country
Anglia
Fiona Armstrong looks at the new face of Britain's countryside.
11.45-11.55 Value for Money How to get the best from your shopping choices.
5.00am ITN Morning News BRENDA ROWE
6.00 TV-am The Morning Programme Presented by Richard Keys. Switch on to regular news bulletins with Gordon Honeycombe, sports reports and Money Matters. 7.00 Good Morning Britain Presented by Kathy Rochford and Mike Morris. Keep up to date with the latest national and international news read by Gordon Honeycombe. For younger viewers, Gyles Brandreth's 'postbag', and there's chat from the world of showbusiness. Plus Huckleberry Hound and birthday requests. 9.00 Wacaday Presented by Timmy Mallett. Catch up on Timmy's tour of Wales and studio fun.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY Get your brain into gear this morning by watching Runway! This fast-moving quiz has a light-hearted look at the three contestants as bouncing babies and later moves on to Dirty Tricks, a taxing round of general knowledge questions where, if correct, the contestant can lower his opponents' score!
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Presenter Mike Scott travels the country to discuss the issues in the news.
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY with FIONA ARMSTRONG The magazine show that takes a lively look at the home and the family. We want to hear from you, so phone us on air on 051-555-1000.
Included in today's programme: ITN News Headlines at 10.55 and Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. join Judy and Richard live from Liverpool tomorrow morning for more features and helpful advice.
12.10pm Allsorts ON MY OWN BY MARTIN RILEY
Natty's gone to visit her auntie and cousin. Dandy comes to stay. Bonzo, Jiffy and Spike go out for the day and the programme explores Castle Allsorts, meets `Ompom' and enters Dandy's secret world. Bonzo Andrew Wightman Jan Alphonse Dandy Jiffy Wayne Jackman Spike Virginia Radcliffe RESEARCH KATY JONES EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DAVID LIDDIMENT PRODUCER/DIRECTOR IAN WHITE Granada Television Production
12.30pm The Sullivans After Walter has been killed by the Germans, Tom shepherds Norm back to the mill to recover from his head injury.
ITN News at One JULIA SOMERVILLE
1.20pm Anglia News and Weather
1.30pm Heirloom JOHN BLY FAMILY ALBUM Some more rummaging around attics by members of the studio audience has produced a wealth of items for the programme. John Bly identifies and values these finds and is joined later by Sotheby's Hilary Kay to look at some music boxes, both large and small. PRODUCER COLIN ELDRED A nglia Television Production All programmes are in colour unless otherwise stated
TV T1MES 22-28 October 1988
60
2.00pm Richmond Hill
12.30pm Business Daily
Mad killer Kevin is captured after a dramatic confrontation which leaves Susan unconscious and Smokey injured. Anne Costello grows more devious...
SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's daily business and financial TV news service with computer links to City securities houses and a network of studios around the Square Mile. There is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the day. With lain Carson, Damian Green and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
Frank Hackett Robert Alexander Janet Bryant Paula Duncan W arren Bryant Tim Elston A ndrew Ryan Marc Gray Dan Costello Ross Higgins Ivy Hackett Maggie Kirkpatrick Connie Ryan Amanda Muggleton Jill W arner Dina Panozzo Marty Bryant Ashley Paske Mum Foote Gwen Plumb Tim Shannon Robert Sampson Susan Miller Felicity Soper A nne Costello Emily Symons Neil Travers Serge Lazareff Rick Reid Martin Maddell Mark Johnson Warren Blondell Roger Lawson Peter Kowitz
2.55pm The Vet STERILISATION Vet John Baxter gives us tips and friendly advice about the care of animals. The best time for sterilisation is when puppies and kittens are small otherwise stand by for a greatly-increased pet population.
3.00 to 3.25pm Take the High Road Dougal avoids an encounter with the iron. Sorry puts his toe in some very muddy waters indeed. Ritchie talks to Sheila about his past and a lot of things start to fall into place. This week's cast: Sorry W atson Ron Paterson Isabel Blair Eileen McCallum A rchie Menzies Paul Kermack Murdoch Robert Trotter Fiona Cunningham Caroline Ashley A lice Taylor Muriel Romanes Lorna Seton Joan Alcorn Sheila Ramsay Lesley Fitz-Simons Mark Ritchie Peter Raffan Peter Cunningham Donald Douglas Dougal Lachlan Alec Monteath Donald Lachlan Steven Brown Fergus Jamieson Frank Wylie Mrs Mack Gwyneth Guthrie Mr McPherson John Young Lady W illiam Madeleine Christie Kalsang Sedhar Chozam Inverdarroch John Stahl Mrs McTaggart Jean Faulds Julie Miller Claire Millar Effie Mary Riggans Carol McKay Teri Lally Joanna Tamara Kennedy WRITER SUE GLOVER DESIGNER NEIL PARKINSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ROBERT LOVE PRODUCER BRIAN MAHONEY DIRECTOR ANDREW GARDNER Scottish Television Production
9.30am Schools Half-term repeat of last week's programmes.
9.30 The French Programme Viddotheque. La table, la sante et le bien-Aire: au cafe, chez un medecin, dans une pharmacie.
9.52 Environments Villages: Repeat of Monday's programme.
10.09 Good Health Healthy eating: the importance of eating sensibly and avoiding too much sugar and salt.
10.26 Mathematical Eye Measurement: Direct and indirect measurement, standards, units, instruments and accuracy.
10.48 Choices A Right Charlie: A dramatised story about smoking, stealing and peer group pressures.
11.05 Middle English Nina Bawden: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
11.22 Picture Box The Kingfisher. Film extracts to stimulate creative work.
11.41 Designing and Making Funfair: The materials and design of rides at a traditional fairground and at an amusement park.
12.00noon The Parliament Programme GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART Television's only programme providing up-to-the-minute coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament on a daily basis - with live interviews, sound coverage of the proceedings in the House of Commons and television coverage of the House of Lords. Reporter is Nicholas Woolley.
C4 addresses Cheques/POs should be made payable to Channel Four TV Ltd. All requests for leaflets should state programme and episode of envelope. Please allow 28 days for delivery. I (Programme title) PO Box 4000, London W3 6Xj or PO Box 4000, Glasgow G12 9JQ or PO Box 4000, Belfast BT2 7FE 2The Open College Freepost, PO Box 35. Abingdon OX14 5RR.
1.00pm Interviewing BY GUY ANDREWS
SARAH KENNEDY 4: GRIEVANCE AND DISCIPLINARY" This fourth programme in the series looks at the type of problems that may arise in the difficult area of grievance and disciplinary interviewing. Careful handling is important as is the need for consistency and fairness. Frequently assumptions and, occasionally, stereotyping, may cloud the interviewer's true perception of the problem, and these two areas are identified in the programme. For details of course material accompanying the series, please contact the Open College on (0235) 555444. Oracle subtitles page 888 RESEARCH MELANIE DAVIS DIRECTOR TAN FELL PRODUCER DAVID WILSON Y orkshire Television Production
1.30 to 2.00pm The Customer Connection: Who Cares Wins 4: THIS ONE'S YOURS Today, customer complaints and how to handle them. Suzie shows an example of how not to react to a customer, and Len shows how to save the situation when things go badly. Plus an inside look at how staff are trained to cope with angry customers. Linked to the Open College course 'Customer Care'. For further information write to C4 address 2, this page or phone (0235) 555444. With Felicity Montague, Jaye Griffiths, Peter Capaldi, Rachel Davies, Nick Orchard. Oracle subtitles page 888 WRITER SALLY JONES DIRECTORS CARRIE THOMAS, ALAN BELL PRODUCER FRANCES BERRIGAN W alberry Production
Ara•
9ITV1444°
'
5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Allsorts 12.30 The Sullivans 1.00 ITN News 1.20 Anglia News 1.30 Heirloom 2.00 Richmond Hill 2.55 The Vet 3.00 Take the High Road 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 Sons and Daughters 4.00 Raggy Dolls 4.10 The Adventures of Tintin 4.20 Dogtanian 4.45 Toksvig 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Emmerdale Farm 7.00 This is Your Life 7.30 Coronation Street 8.00 Des O'Connor Tonight 9.00 Film: City Heat 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia News 10.35 Film: City Heat (cont) 11.35 Crazy Like a Fox 12.30am P.O.V. 1.30 Soap f/b News 2.00 Film: Hawk The Slayer 3.40 Night Gallery 4.00 Wildwatch 4.30 Jack Thompson
C4 9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Interviewing 1.30 The Customer Connection: Who Cares Wins 2.00 Film: White Cargo 3.40 The Oprah Winfrey Show 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 Cartoon Alphabet 5.30 Mork & Mindy 6.00 Family Ties 6.30 The March of Time: Reporting The Dictators 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Party Political Comment f/b Weather 8.00 Brookside 8.30 Dispatches 9.15 Signals 10.20 Friday Night Almost Live 11.20 Lou Grant 12.20am The Late Shift 2.25 Close
75
ge ovilY Paid EIS." a week fov Ly bra bia re2>7oor Woo L ,...... .
C
I *11‘4%mosis~".."Th
I 0610 believR. • it-.
BECOME A BELIEVER FOR ONLY £19.89 A WEEK AND YOU WILL GET A BRAND NEW FOUR DOOR SALOON WITH RECLINING SEATS, HEATED REAR WINDOW, ADJUSTABLE HEADRESTS, HALOGEN HEADLIGHTS, HIGH INTENSITY FOG LAMPS, CIGAR LIGHTER, 20 PIECE TOOL KIT, TWO YEARS FREE ROADSIDE RECOVERY SERVICE, PLUS A 2 YEAR OR 50,000 MILE * WARRANTY. THE LADA RIVA. YOU'LL HAVE TO SEE IT TO BELIEVE IT. APR 19.5
BECOME A RIVA BELIEVER The Lads Rive 12001 On the Road Price 23,639.75. Deposit 2958.75. 42 monthly payments 286.18. 192 equivalent weekly payments 219 89 Total credit price 24,5873.31- APR 19.5 Licensed credit brokers. For written details write to: Lade Cars, Cemaby Industrial Estate, Carnaby, Hr. Bridlington, North Humberside T015 3Q0. Telephone (0262) 678011. Offer applies to UK mainland and Isle of Wight only. Closes 3112.98 •Whichever Is the :moiler.
6 Oc t Buckingham, to the Royal Palace. Richelieu, aware of the Queen's plan, orders Rochefort to kidnap Juliet.
Anglia 3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm Sons and Daughters Beryl is worried that Craig is tempted by the lure of easy money. Wayne discovers that Janice is hiding something from Neville. This week's cast: Gordon Brian Blain W ayne Ian Rawlings Fiona Pat McDonald Charlie Sarah Kemp Caroline Morrell Abigail A lison Can- Belinda Giblin Beryl Palmer Leila Hayes Mr A bbott John Stone Craig Jared Robinson M ay Georgie Sterling Neville Keith Robinson Janice Reid Rina Te Wiata Doug Fletcher Normiw Rowe S usan Oriana Panozzo Glen Y oung Mark Conrad
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
The Raggy Dolls CREATED BY MELVYN JACOBSON
THE TERRIBLE TWINS This week, Mr Grimes's twin nephews come to stay for the weekend, and cause all sorts of trouble. Animation by Roy Evans, voices and music by Neil Innes.
4.45pm Toksvig SANDI TOKSVIG Heather Couper in a space dustbin, and Toksvig with spots! If you're 5ft 3M to 5ft 7in, very hairy with a receding chin and forehead and live in the Urals - if you're about 8ft or taller and live in California or the high Himalayas you probably won't be reading this. But be warned: Almas, Big Foot Yeti - Toksvig is coming to get you! You can write to Toksvig at TVS, Television Centre, Vinters Park, Maidstone, ME14 5NZ. The Rep: Paddy Ward as Marion and Vincent Brimble, Deddie Davies, Janet Spencer-Turner, Christopher Whittingham with Joolz and jim Havilland Researchers: Harriet Llewellyn, Roz Peters WRITERS ELLY BREWER, SANDI TOKSVIG EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JANIE GRACE ASSOCIATE PRODUCER RICHARD MORSS DIRECTOR LIDDY OLDROYD TV S Production
5.15pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS Bob Holness poses the questions that could lead to the Gold Run.
ITN News at 5.45 FIONA ARMSTRONG Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia HALEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES News, views and features. Plus tomorrow's weather.
6.30pm Emmerdale Farm Seth Armstrong is determined to get his old job back at Home Farm. This week's cast: A nnie Sugden Sheila Mercier M att Frederick Pyne A mos Brearly Ronald Magill Henry W ilks Arthur Pentelow Joe Sugden Frazer Hines Dolly Skilbeck Jean Rogers Jackie Merrick Ian Sharrock Kathy Malandra Burrows S andie Jane Hutcheson A lan Turner Richard Thorp Mrs Bates Diana Davies Seth Stan Richards Nick Bates Cy Chadwick A rchie Tony Pitts Kate Hughes Sally Knyvette Phil Pearce Peter Alexander Eric Christopher Chittell Rachel Glenda McKay Mark Hughes Craig McKay Denis Richard K Franklin Hugh Cyril Appleton WRITER BARRY WOODWARD DESIGNER LOU BEAUMONT DIRECTOR JOHN DARNELL PRODUCER STUART DOUGHTY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER KEITH RICHARDSON Y orkshire Television Production
7.00pm This Is Your Life MICHAEL ASPEL Who is going to get the surprise of their life when Michael Aspel opens the famous red book? Programme
W EDNESDAY
consultant is Roy Bottomley. See page 4
6.00pm Family Ties
DIRECTORS DAVID CLARK, BRIAN KLEIN PRODUCER MALCOLM MORRIS Thames Television Production
7.30 to 8.00pm Coronation Street `Sherlock' Sugden investigates when he falls victim to a phantom leg puller! And Mavis is privy to a piece of devastating news. Oracle subtitles page 888 For cast, see Monday WRITER JOHN STEVENSON
ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 12.30 to 1.00pm A Country Practice; 11.30 Film The Riddle of the Sands. Sinister spy story set in 1901, stars Michael York, Simon MacCorkindale and Jenny Agutter; 1.30 America's Top 10; 2.00 Hammer House of Mystery & Suspense; 3.30 Quiz Night; 4.00 Three's Company; 4.30 to 5.00am Fifty Years On. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 11.30 Donahue; 12.30 Film - The Eyes of Charles Sand. Supernatural chiller starring Peter Haskell and Joan Bennett; 1.55 Superstars of Wrestling; 2.45 The Twilight Zone; 3.15 P.O.V.; 4.10 to 5.00am Central Jobfinder '88. TVS 2.55 to 3.00 Gardening Time; 3.30 to 4.00 The Young Doctors; 11.30 Film chosen by viewers - either Mission Galactica: The Cylon Attack, a space adventure starring Richard Hatch and Dirk Benedict; or American Gigolo, with Richard Gere as a gigolo framed for murder; 1.35 The Twilight Zone; 2.00 to 2.55 The Fugitive; 3.00 The Hit Man And Her; 4.00 to 5.00am Night Beat. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm Young Doctors; 6.00 to 6.30 Calendar; 10.00 to 10.35 News, Calendar News, Weather; 11.30 Crazy Like A Fox; 12.30 News, Film - The Executioner. Sam Wannamaker's vision of murder and mayhem in British Intelligence, with George Peppard, Joan Collins. 2.30 News, Pub Quiz Night; 3.00 WKRP in Cincinnati; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
2.00pm White Cargo Harry Witzel, a hard-bitten, determined overseer of an African rubber station, sees his assistant Wilbur Ashley board a boat for England, broken by the demands of the Dark Continent. Arriving on the same boat is his new assistant, Langford, who is determined to maintain his standard of living and not let Africa conquer him. Witzel regards Langford and his ideals with some cynicism and warns him to stay clear of the beautiful Tondelayo.
6.30pm The March of Time: Reporting The Dictators
DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER HALE Flashback Television Production in association with SFM Media Corporation
Quiz show.
5.00pm Cartoon Alphabet
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin
Today - T for Tom and Jerry (but not the cat and mouse). Written and introduced by Ray Alan with Lord Charles.
BLACK ISLAND: MAD MEN Tintin continues his adventures on the mysterious Black Island.
PRODUCER RICHARD EVANS
Previously shown on Channel Four
5.30pm Mork & Mindy
4.20pm Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds
MORK'S NIGHT OUT Mork and neighbour find more excitement than they bargained for when they unwittingly choose a singles bar for a big night out..
Juliet is chosen by the Queen for a very delicate mission - to take the English politician, The Duke of
Meredith Baxter Birney Steven Michael Gross A lex Michael J Fox Jennifer Tina Yothers Mallory Justine Bateman Skippy Marc Price Mrs W illis Doris Belack
9: MISSIONS TO MOSCOW Is Glasnost really new? In the 1930s, The March of Time looked at many sides of the Soviet Made in black and white experience - a See film guide, concern for White beginning page 42 Russians in Exile gives way to a celebration of Harry W itzel Walter Pidgeon Stalin's Five Year Plan. Tondelayo Hedy Lamarr The Nazi-Soviet Pact The doctor Frank Morgan shatters initial Langford Richard Carlson sympathy for the Skipper Reginald Owen Soviets in 1939, but with Rev Roberts Henry O'Neill the German invasion of W ilbur A shley Bramwell Fletcher Russia in June 1941, we Ted Clyde Cook are all Comrades again. But in 1946 The March SCREENPLAY LEON GORDON of Time's hopes for DIRECTOR RICHARD THORPE democracy in Czechoslovakia are illfounded just two years 3.40pm before the Communist The Oprah coup in that benighted Winfrey Show country. Presenter is Murray Sayle. Another edition of the Oracle subtitles page 888 chat show hosted by PRODUCER actress Oprah Winfrey. VICTORIA WEGG-PROSSER
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One
WRITERS JOY WHITBY, NEIL INNES EDITOR STEVE GANNON DIRECTOR/PRODUCER JOHN MARSDEN Y orkshire Television Production
FABRIC SMARTS Mallory's enthusiasm for her part-time job at a boutique causes her school grades to slip even lower than usual and Steve and Elyse agree that she must quit the job. Then Alex comes up with a proposal that could resolve the situation. Elyse
W hy are backroom girls Roz Peters (left) and Harriet Llewellyn, responsible for research, flanking `Toksvig' on screen this week?
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
Mork Mindy Cora
Robin Williams Pam Dawber Elizabeth Kerr Conrad Janis Tom Poston
7.00pm Channel 4 News Oracle subtitles page 888
7.50pm Party Political Comment The regular Wednesday Party Political Comment, this week with a Conservative politician. followed by
Weather 8.00 to 8.30pm Brookside Suspicions are aroused, desires revealed and warnings given on the Close. Oracle subtitles page 888 For cast, see Monday
77
66
I went into once • the I got three months for it:' A lot of people are frightened of going into the red, which is not surprising when you consider the way banks treat their customers when they do so. Look at the extract from the bank statement shown above. We didn't make it up. It was kindly lent to us by a real customer of a real bank whose account dipped into the red for a few days in the middle of last year. How much did he have to pay for the privilege? The bank made a charge for every cheque, standing order and direct debit for 3 months. Plus, as though that wasn't enough, a "Maintenance Charge Fortunately, it is now possible to do something sensible about this seemingly ridiculous state of affairs You can open a Nationwide Anglia
FlexAccount, the first real alternative to an ordinary bank current account. Admittedly, if you reel off the facilities available with a FlexAccount, they sound distinctly familiar. A cheque book, cheque card and cashcard, for instance. As well as useful services such as standing orders, direct debits and direct salary credits. But there the resemblance ends. For instance there are absolutely no transaction charges on a FlexAccount. Even while your account is in the red. No "arrangement fees; no hidden extras of any kind. So much for the unwanted things we've got rid of. What does a FlexAccount offer that the traditional bank current account doesn't? Perhaps most importantly, we pay you interest all the time your account is in credit.
With up to £99 in your account you get 2.75% interest net per annum. On sums between £100 and £499, you receive 4-25%. And when you're £500 or more in credit, 5-50%. Both the higher interest rates are paid on the whole balance, not just the amount over £100 or £500. Interest is calculated daily, such as from the day your salary is credited, and paid out annually. A more attractive proposition, surely, than the financial equivalent of a 3-month sentence. For further information, just call into your local Nationwide Anglia Building
Society branch. Or write today to Claire Adams, at Nationwide Anglia Building Society, Chesterfield House, Bloomsbury Way, London WC1V 6PW.
Nationwide Anglia Buildin g
FlexAccount.We always remember whose money it is. Written credit details available from Nationwide Anglia Building Society, Princes Street, Swindon
crest rates correct at time of going to press and may vary. Cheque guarantee card subject to status.
W EDNESDAY Channel Four's live music and comedy show.
2.00am Cinema 104 Presents Heroes and Villains HAWK THE SLAYER Once upon a time, long ago, there were two brothers: Hawk, the younger, destined for greatness; and Voltan, the elder hideously deformed, who roams the land under a concealing black mask. See film guide, beginning page 42 V oltan Jack Palance John Terry Hawk High A bbot Harry Andrews Eliane Catriona MacColl Gort Bernard Bresslaw Sparrow Graham Stark Crow Ray Charleson Peter O'Farrell Baldin Ranulf Morgan Sheppard Blind witch Patricia Quinn A bbess Annette Crosbie Drogo Shane Briant Sister Monica Cheryl Campbell Fitzwalter Christopher Benjamin Innkeeper Roy Kinnea r ^ Priest Patrick Magee t, SCREENPLAY TERRY MARCEL,
Introducing you to the start of a new series, Des O'Connor Tonight' brings you superstars, songs and miles of smiles and laughs: 8.00pm
8.00pm NEW Des O'Connor Tonight with FREDDIE STARR Join Des for the first of a new 10-week series. There's all-round family entertainment packed with comedy and music and Des meets some of the biggest international names in showbusiness, plus people who are in the news. Music director is Colin Keyes. Script associate is Eric Davidson, special material by Eddie Braben. See page 40 ASSOCIATE PRODUCER JOHN GRAHAM PROGRAMME ASSOCIATE NEIL SHAND PRODUCTION DESIGNER HARRY CLARK PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BRIAN PENDERS Thames Television Production
9.00pm Starring Clint Eastwood... CLINT EASTWOOD BURT REYNOLDS CITY HEAT Kansas City in 1933: Mike Murphy runs a none-too-profitable detective agency with a secretary, Addy, who hasn't been paid for three months and a partner, Dehl Swift, who doesn't know his own limitations. Swift's attempt to play off one criminal kingpin against another ends in a fatal shoot-out,
leaving Murphy to pick up the pieces. Dogging Murphy's footsteps is police lieutenant Speer. Concluded after News at Ten. See film guide, beginning page 42 Clint Eastwood Lt Speer Mike Murphy Burt Reynolds A ddy Jane Alexander Caroline Howley Madeline Kahn Rip Torn Primo Pitt Tony LoBianco Leon Coll Irene Cara Ginny Lee Dahl Swift Richard Roundtree Lonnie A sh William Sanderson Troy Roker Nicholas Worth Robert Davi Nino Jude Farese Dub Slack Fat Freddie John Hancock T uck Tab Thacker Louis Gerald S O'Loughlin Bruce M Fischer Bruisers { Art La Fleur SCREENPLAY SAM 0 BROWN, JOSEPH C STINSON DIRECTOR RICHARD BENJAMIN
10.00pm News at Ten 10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather 10.35pm Starring Clint Eastwood... CITY HEAT Concluding part of the film. indicates Repeat
TV TIMES 22-28 October 1988
HARRY ROBERTSON e DIRECTOR TERRY MARCEL
11.35pm Crazy Like a Fox THE FOX WHO SAW TOO MUCH Harrison and Cindy's plans for a romantic weekend away from Harry are ruined when they spot an old friend who supposedly died years earlier, and find themselves on the trail of an insurance fraud case. Jack Warden Harry Harrison John Rubinstein Cindy Penny Peyser Josh Robby Kiger
12.30am P.O.V. The eighth of nine programmes that use unusual drama, documentary and comedy. This week includes a pastoral comedy, a short film about Feet as well as a documentary about life in Coventry. DEVISER/PRODUCER JOHN DALE TV S Production
1.30am Soap The real murderer of Peter Campbell is revealed after Jessica is sentenced to prison. Jessica Katherine Helmond Robert Mandan Chester Mary Cathryn Damon Richard Mulligan Burt
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.40am Night Gallery JOSEPH WISEMAN KIM HUNTER ROOM WITH A VIEW An invalid schemes to revenge himself of his unfaithful wife. followed by ITN News Headlines
4.00am Wildwatch CHRIS PROBERT SIMON HOOTON HABITATS FOR WILDLIFE Do birds and beasties suffer from a chronic housing shortage? Chris Probert creates and improves all sorts of habitats in the W ildwatch garden, and Simon Hooton creates a village wildlife nature trail. For a free W ildwatch back-up pack, send an A4 sae to Cathy Mason, W ildwatch, Anglia TV, Anglia House, Norwich, NR I 3JG. PRODUCER/DIRECTOR ANDREW THOMAS CAMERA RAY MOORE SOUND NEIL ELPHINSTONE A Lion Styles Production for A nglia Television
4.30 to 5.00am Jack Thompson Down Under Jack Thompson explores the characters and lifestyles in Australia.
DIRECTOR IAN HAMILTON PRODUCTION GEOFFREY PERKINS, GEOFF POSNER LINT Production
11.20pm Lou Grant
8.30pm Dispatches
INHERITANCE A story in the news hits close to home for Billie, who is horrified to learn she could be a cancer victim as a result of a miracle drug taken by her mother while pregnant.
The weekly series of topical documentaries. Each 'dispatch' is selected from the widest range of journalists and each reveals an important story.
9.15pm Signals FASCINATING RHYTHM Steve Reich is a major American composer. Many people fear the prospect of listening to new music, but Steve Reich's lush and shimmering crossrhythmic pieces sell out concert halls and turn his records into best sellers. In Margaret Williams' revealing tour through Reich's captivating rhythms, concerts filmed in England and New York, Signals offers viewers the chance to get to know one of the most exciting composers working today. DIRECTOR MARGARET WILLIAMS PRODUCER MARY JANE WALSH EXECUTIVE PRODUCER ANDREW HOLMES ASSOCIATE EDITOR JOHN ARCHER SERIES EDITOR ROGER GRAEF Holmes A ssociates
10.20pm Friday Night Almost Live BEN ELTON with HARRY ENFIELD ARLOE BARLOE MORAY HUNTER AND JACK DOCHERTY MADNESS THE PROCLAIMERS MICHAEL REDMOND DARRYL SIVAD The best moments from
Lou Grant Edward Asner Joe Rossi Robert Walden Billie Newman Linda Kelsey Charlie Hume Mason Adams A rt Donovan Jack Bannon A nimal Daryl Anderson Mrs Pynchon Nancy Marchand Betty Newman Allyn Ann McLerie Paul Newman Marshall Thompson
12.20 to 2.25am The Late Shift More late-night music ranging from blues to funk, reggae to jazz, and fusion to punk. Tonight:
Six A documentary film on the tragic life of legendary jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke, who drank himself to death at the age of 28, charting his rise to fame against the background of the Big Band era and the misery and poverty of the Depression. Among his friends and associates featured are: Hoagy Carmichael, Artie Shaw, Spiegel Willcox, piano player Jess Stacy, Doc Cheatham, plus the voice of Louis Armstrong. See film guide, beginning page 42 SCREENPLAY BRIGITTE BERMAN, VAL ROSS DIRECTOR BRIGITTE BERMAN
Tune in to American composer Steve Reich's `Signals' at 9.15pm
BRITISH AIRWAYS The world's favourite airline.
Ar
pparently our Haute Cuisine wasn't Haute enough for some of our passengers.
When we found that children weren't impressed with our in-flight cuisine, we decided to offer them fish fingers, burgers and chips instead. With the result that as far as they're concerned, we're back in the Good Food Guide. Ask your travel agent for further details about our new service for children. L
27 obe THURSDAY 12.00noon The Parliament Programme
Make it another wonderful 'W acaday' with madcap Timmy Mallett on TV-am
Anglia
Gravity: Which way is down? Weight and falling objects.
The Morning Programme
9.52 Maths is Fan
Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. Wake up and tune in to the latest news with Gordon Honeycombe, sports results and financial reports.
Five Garden Gnomes: Repeat of Monday's programme.
7.00 Good Morning Britain
Talking With Your Hands: Sign language and learning to sign a song.
Anne Diamond and Mike Morris interview the people making the news and headlines. Catch up on events at home and abroad in half-hourly news bulletins with Gordon Honeycombe, and weather reports with Carol Dooley.
10.23 Teaching CDT
9.00 Wacaday
Join in the fun with Timmy Mallett for more wacky stories and competitions.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Well actually it's... Richard Madeley hosting today's edition of Runway. On the receiving end of his testing questions are three new contestants from Scotland, Worcestershire and Sussex vying with each other to face the final ordeal in the Runway hot seat.
9.55am Anglia News and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Presenter Mike Scott travels the country to discuss the issues in the news. PRODUCER JOHN PLATT
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY The magazine programme that takes a lively look at the home and the family. Phone us on air on 051-555 1000. Features today
10.04 Our World
Control: The importance of controlling components in a project to achieve results.
10.41 World Studies include: 11.00 - 11.10 Family File Positive ways to cope with familiar family problems.
11.45 - 11.55 As Good as New Repair your own furniture and possessions.
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot. Join Judy and Richard tomorrow for more features and helpful advice.
12.10pm Puddle Lane BY RICK VANES
It's a very sad day for Toby and his friends in Puddle Lane because Mr Hooter is going away to Zorn. But Toby and his friends mix up a spell in Barrel to give Mr Hooter a surprise party. Neil Innes plays the magician. Kate Lee is Aunty Flo. Puppeteer is Richard Robinson and stories are by Sheila McCullagh RESEARCH SALLY WELLS DESIGNERS MIKE JOYCE, AGNES HALL DIRECTOR DON CLAYTON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHRIS JELLEY PRODUCER MICHAEL HARRIS Y orkshire Television Production
12.30pm Santa Barbara Sophia (Judith McConnell), as the bag lady, spins a tale about a small metal object she's found in the sand.
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
She gives it to Ted (Todd McKee). He's swept up and charmed by this little old lady.
ITN News at One JULIA SOMERVILLE
1.20pm Anglia News and Weather
1.30pm Nocon on Photography Gene Nocon is photographic adviser to Prince Andrew and recognised as one of the finest photographic printers in the country. He is known and respected throughout the industry and in this series he allows us unique access to some of the world's top photographers. Today he profiles the natural history photographer Heather Angel at work with snakes and deer in the New Forest.
Land: The rich world's responsibility towards political and social change in developing countries.
11.03 Time For a Story W hen The Moon W inkedl - Repeat of Monday's programme.
11.15 All Year Round Keeping Safe: Safety at home, in the street and at play.
11.15 Wrth Reswm (W ales only)
Cylfwynir pontydd ac adeiladwaith tray beirianneg papur. Edrychwn ar bontydd enwog Cymru a'u defnyddiau adeiladu.
11.32 Stop, Look, Listen Supermarket: Repeat of Monday's programme.
11.44 Choices
GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART The programme providing up-to-theminute coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament. Reporter is Nicholas Woolley.
12.30pm Business Daily SUSANNAH SIMONS Britain's daily business and financial TV news service with computer links to City securities houses and a network of studios around the Square Mile. There is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the day. With lain Carson, Damian Green and reporters Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
1.00 to 1.30pm Autocare 4: BODY & SAFETY Britain's top female rally driver, Louise Aitken-Walker takes Steve Blacknell for a spin. Suzanne Dando visits a breakers yard to find out where cars rust and Tony Howarth explains how to deal with rust. Linked to an Open College course, 'Autocare', price £35 or £49.99 with tutorial support. For further information write to C4 address 2 page 75 or phone (0235) 555444.
For cast, see W ednesday
9ITV144446 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Puddle Lane 12.30 Santa Barbara 1.00 • ITN News 1.20 Anglia News 1.30 Nocon on Photography 2.00 Richmond Hill 2.55 Gardening Time 3.00 Take the High Road 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 Sons and Daughters 4.00 Button Moon 4.10 The Adventures of Tintin 4.20 Gilbert's Fridge 4.50 Dangermouse 5.15 -Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 6.30 Emmerdale Farm 7.00 jimmy's 7.30 Chain Letters 8.00 The Bill 8.30 This Week 9.00 The Equalizer 9.55 Party Political Broadcast 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia Late News 10.35 Frontiers 11.05 Film: Halloween 12.45am Jethro Tull 1.45 Pop Profile 2.00am Sportsworld 3.00 The Time... The Place... 3.40 Kojak 4.35 Fifty Years On
Oracle subtitles page 888
A Right Charlie: Repeat of Wednesday's programme.
C4
2.00 to 2.55pm Richmond Hill
WRITER REG WATSON
DIRECTOR ROGER THOMAS PRODUCER STUART CARTER
PRODUCER DAVID MASON DIRECTOR CHRIS BOULD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER JOHN TAGHOLM Thames Television Production
Janet won't give up her new independence and relations with Warren deteriorate.
Ara
Steve Blacknell learns a lot from ace driver Louise Aitken-W alker in 'Autocare', 1.00pm
9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 Autocare 1.30 Powerbase 2.00 Mighty Moments From World History 3.00 A People's War 4.00 Time To Talk 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 Baseball 6.00 The Abbott and Costello Show 6.30 The Sharp End 7.00 C4 News 7.50 Comment f/b Weather 8.00 Hot Property 8.30 A Different World 9.00 Tanner '88 10.00 True Stories: Grey Gardens 11.50 Film: Alpine Fire 2.00am Close
81
you look at it
Sheep Srreer in autumn, by James Priddey
The fallen leaves scurry along the quiet Cotswold street where The Countryman — the famous little green mag — is edited from a one-time coaching inn. The fields start 200 yards from our door. Every year Countryman readers have four chunky issues to enjoy — 240 or more pages each — packed with the places and people, crafts and customs, waysides and wildlife of the British countryside. And we don't talk down to our readers. There is no sentimentalising here — just honest-togoodness writing about honest-to-goodness country things. This is the magazine that half a million devoted readers around the world eagerly await. For more than sixty years The Countryman has been a guaranteed passport to the heart of the British countryside. The secret is that we write of what we know. We come from the country. Take out a subscription for yourself, your friends or relatives, and we'll take you there too.
it's a Sureshot. The latest Sureshot from Canon is the Ace. With over thirteen million Sureshots built so far. it has quite a reputation to live up to. As you would expect it uses the latest technology to achieve the finest results. Tinto unique features have been added to the new SURE SHOT easy-to-hold teardrop shape: a tiny detachable infra-red remote control unit and a second ACE viewfinder located on top of the camera. The result is the Canon Sureshot Ace. It is, in every respect, a Sureshot.
SAVE £1 BY USING THIS COUPON! The Data Protection Register contains descriptions of the sources, uses and disclosures of personal data held by us.
Please send me The Countryman for 1-year at the Special Introductory Offer Price of £6.50 (instead of the regular £7.50). I enclose £ subscription (s). Offer closes 31st December 1988. for
canon CV-TINY)
Name Address Post Code Please commence with Autumn issue ❑ Winter issue ❑ (tick box)
Tv8.8
J
The Countryman, Freepost, Bletchley, Milton Keynes MK1 1YS
SURESHOT ACE: FULLY AUTOMATIC 35MM CAMERA: LENS 35MM F3.5: ACTIVE AUTOFOCUS: AUTO EXPOSURE: DX AUTO FILM LOADING. WINDING AND REWINDING:AUTO FLASH: SELF TIMER: 2 VIEWFINDERS: REMOTE CONTROL FUNCTION.
Canon - Manufacturers of Cameras. Videos. Calculators. Facsimile. Typewriters and Micrographics.
THURSDAY Like the travelling Spoon family, you can fly to 'Button Moon'. So be ready for lift-off at 4.00pm
James Bolam. Oracle subtitles page 888 FILM EDITOR SEAN FULLERTON SERIES PRODUCER RICHARD BROAD PRODUCER LIZ NEESON Thames Television Production
Anglia
4.00pm Time To Talk 1.30pm Powerbase
2.55pm Gardening Time CYCLAMEN
3.00pm Take the High Road Mrs McTaggart has another attack of selective deafness, much to Dougal's chagrin; but Inverdarroch is lucky to have such a wise woman to advise him if he decides to take advice. Mrs Mack catches the minister talking to himself.
W henever needed, Etangermouse' and Pen fold get there fast. See at 4.50pm
For cast, see W ednesday WRITER JANICE RALLY DIRECTOR FIONA CUMMING
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm Sons and Daughters Alison's revenge on Susan and Glen brings her to the brink of disaster. For cast, see W ednesday
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
Button Moon BY IAN ALLEN
DOTTY TEAPOT Mr and Mrs Spoon and Tina fly to Button Moon to join Queenie Jelly who is having a Tea Dance. Dotty Teapot is late, but when she puts on her roller skates to get there quickly a lot of trouble is caused. Jungle Mouse is seen doing some babysitting for Miss Parrot. Playboard puppets by John Thirtle, Ian Allen and Ian Brown. DESIGNER JANE KRALL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER CHARLES WARREN DIRECTOR NEIL STINCHCOMBE Thames Television Production
4.10pm The Adventures of Tintin BLACK ISLAND: TRAPPED This week, Tintin continues his
adventures on the mysterious Black Island. Previously shown on Channel Four
4.20pm Gilbert's Fridge Simon O'Brien gets a misguided tour of London. Commandant Herr Wolfgang Otterholiday shows Sgt Major Leonard Horrible his carpet. There's more fishy business in Benidorm. Marmaduke Smarmy is giving absolutely nothing away. And Dodgy Dudley's being decidedly dodgy.
Kelsey and Brian Trueman. Music by Mike Harding. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR BRIAN COSGROVE PRODUCERS BRIAN COSGROVE, MARK HALL Thames Television Production
5.15pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS Another swarm of contestants face the honeycomb Blockbusters board and try to find the words to match the letters.
ITN News at 5.45
WRITER PHIL CORNWELL RESEARCH NICOLA LONG, AMANDA STEVENS DIRECTOR MALCOLM DICKINSON PRODUCER MICHAEL FORTE Tyne Tees Television Production
FIONA ARMSTRONG
4.50pm Dangermouse
HELEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES News, views and features on life in the East of England. Also, a look at tomorrow's weather.
BY BRIAN TRUEMAN
STATUES/JOURNEY TO THE EARTH'S COR! A compilation of programmes shown previously. In Statues something strange is happening to all the statues in the city. And in Journey To The Earth's Cor!, there's an awful lot of noise coming from the North Pole. Our heroes set out to find what, or who, is causing it. With the voices of David Jason, Terry Scott, Edward
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia
6.30pm Emmerdale Farm When Joe discovers that Alan Turner has stabbed him in the back it's Phil Pearce who bears the full brunt of his fury. For cast, see W ednesday
7.00 to 7.30pm Jimmy's Life in Britain's largest general hospital. The unique collaboration between ITV and St James's University, Leeds, continues to show that real life is as gripping as fiction. The stories continue next Thursday at 7.00pm. CAMERA ALAN WILSON SOUND CHRIS CLARKSON FILM EDITORS STEVE FAIRHOLME, ROBIN McDONELL RESEARCH HELEN MAGEE, DIANA MUIR, HELEN SCOTT, JUDITH WEYMONT DIRECTORS IRENE COCKROFT, NICK GRAY, RICHARD HANDFORD, GWYNETH HUGHES ASSOCIATE PRODUCER PETER A GORDON PRODUCERS IRENE COCKROFT, RICHARD HANDFORD EXECUTIVE PRODUCER GRANT McKEE Y orkshire Television Production
ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES 2.55 to 3.00 Home Cookery Club; 10.35 The City Programme; 11.05 01- For London; 11.35 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.30 A Problem Aired; 1.00 What The Papers Say; 1.15 Rock in the Dock; 2.15 Film - The Tender Years. Peaceful family life is shattered with the arrival of a neighbour who stages dog fights; 4.00 Too Close For Comfort; 4.30 to 5.00am America's Top 10. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 6.00 Central Lobby; 11.05 Return To Eden; 11.55 Film - Blazing Magnum. Stuart Whitman and Carole Laure in murder thriller; 1.55 Sportsworld; 2.50 The Time... The Place. .• 3.30 The Icicle W rks; 4.30. to 5.00am Central o Jobfinder '88. TVS 12.30 to 1.00 The Sullivans; 2.55 to 3.00 Emergency 999; 6.00 to 630 Coast to Coast; 10.35 Facing South; 11.05 Prisoner: Cell Block H; 12.00 Hodson Confidential; 12.30 Film Satan's Triangle. Kim Novak as the only survivor of mysterious death aboard a boat in the Devil's Triangle. With Doug McClure; 2.00 to 2.55 Sports Action Worldwide; 3.40 Quiz Night; 4.10 to 4.40am America's Top 10. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm Young Doctors; 2.55 to 3.00 Home Cookery Club; 6.00 to 6.30 Calendar; 10.40 Leeds Film Festival 100; 11.10 Film - The Music Man. Swindler turns good guy in 1912 Iowa. With Hermoine Gingold; 1.50am Love American Style; 2.00 News, P.O.V.; 3.00 Sledgehammer; 3.30 Music Box; 4.30 to 5.00am Jobfinder.
MICHAEL RODD CAROL VORDERMAN 4: MAGNETIC PERSONALITIES Michael Rodd and Carol Vorderman discover how two of the greatest forces of nature, electricity and magnetism, are related. In a smelting plant there is a look at how huge magnets can be used to melt steel, and Michael explains how Dr Frankenstein made huge sparks climb into the air. With Fenella Hume. Linked to an Open College course, `Powerbase', price £99.95 or £119.94. For further information see billing for previous programme. Oracle subtitles page 888 PRODUCER/DIRECTOR LORNE MACORY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DALE LE VACK Blackrod Production
2.00pm Mighty Moments From World History PATRICK BARLOW ROBERT AUSTIN JACK ROTHSTEIN LAWRENCE OF ARABIA BY PATRICK BARLOW AND JUDE KELLY
Presented by The National Theatre of Brent Not even David Lean in his famous film could match the epic qualities of this production. t Desmond Olivier Dingle Patrick Barlow B ernard Robert Austin Mahmoud Pasha Ibnemouza Jack Rothstein DESIGNER MICHAEL MINAS DIRECTORS JUDE KELLY, JOHN STROUD PRODUCER ANDREW SNELL A n A rtifax Production
3.00pm A People's War 2: BLITZ Second in the series which looks at the impact of World War Two on people on the home front. In 1940 the bombs came. The government expected massive casualties and panic. The reality was different. Narrated by
GERALD PRIESTLAND LESLEY JUDD Gerald Priestland, BBC Religious Affairs Correspondent from 1977 to 1982, talks to Lesley Judd about his life and faith. PRODUCER BARRIE ALLCOTT DIRECTOR MARTIN SMITH CTV C Production
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One WILLIAM G STEWART Fifteen new contestants - up to 200 questions ready and answers required in 3 seconds.
5.00pm Baseball A review of this year's World Series presented by David Jensen in a repeat of Tuesday's late night programme. t
6.00pnt The Abbott and Costello Show THE CHIMP Pets are nice to have but when the landlord objects, you have a problem. Made in black and white
6.30 to 7.00pm NEW
The Sharp End CAROL BARNES The return of the current affairs series about people at work. Carol Barnes, as presenter, joins the teams examining the changes in the modern workplace, the issues behind this week's news and the trends that could make news in the future. With reporters Mark Mardell and Tina Jenkins, she will be testing the attitudes of company and union officials, personnel and training directors - and above all of people both in and out of work. This week: the first of several special reports from Hungary, where perestroika is now a way of life. PRODUCERS RICHARD MAYHEW SMITH, VIRGINIA ASHCOMBE, EMMA WILLIS DIRECTOR CHRIS HEALD EDITOR JOHN BRIDCUT Television V iewpointProduction
83
Flow long I ta to pay bac personal loan is completely up to me." Let's face it, you know how much you can afford to pay back each month better than we do. So, here at Lloyds Bank, we let you decide on your monthly repayments. On a loan of £2,000, they could be anything from £52.11 a month over five years, to £184.51 over twelve months. (1.6% per month, APR 20.9%.)
I REPAYMENTS FOR A £2,000 LOAN Total cost of Loan Monthly Repayments
12 months
£73.52
£52.11
That's with a very competitive interest rate and the option to pay off the loan earlier if you so wish. Lloyds Bank personal loans start at £500 and go up to ...well, however much you want really. All you have to do to apply is call into your local branch of Lloyds Bank and complete the formalities. We'll be able to give you a decision right away and credit your account while you're there. And of course, you'll have all the time in the world to pay it back.
For more information, call freephone 0800 400470 or fill in the coupon below.
r
efo: Ken Sankey, Lloyds Bank Plc, FREEPOST. London 5E1 2;. — Please send me further details and an application form for a Personal Loan.
1
POSTCODE I am'am not a customer of Lloyds Bank.
NT 1
Lloyds Bank
THE THOROUGHBRED ANK. Please note that the final monthly repayment and the total cost of your loan may vary slightly from the figures shown to allow for repayments made earlier or lacer than exact calendar months after the date the loan was opened. Written details of our credit terms are available on request. Lending is at the Bank's discretion and you must be 18 or over to apply. Advice on general insurance is provided by Lloyds Bank Insurance Services Limited. Lloyds Bank Plc is a member of IMRO. Lloyds Bank Plc, 71 Lombard Street, London EC3P 3BS.
I
THURSDAY matter brought to you each week by reporters Peter Gill, Julian Manyon, John Taylor and Denis Tuohy.
Anglia 7.30pm Chain Letters ANDREW O'CONNOR The compulsive word game where contestants are encouraged to make four-letter words! Andrew O'Connor helps the contestants to pit their wits against each other and Wordsworth, the computer, to win their way through to the Superchain final. Excitement is guaranteed as everything can be won on the last press of the buzzer. RESEARCH SIMON ROSS, AMANDA STEVENS DESIGN PETER BINGEMANN DIRECTOR MICHAEL METCALF PRODUCER CHRISTINE WILLIAMS Tyne Tees Television Production
8.00pm The Bill STOP AND SEARCH BY GEOFF McQUEEN
Special constables Ronnie Defoe and Mary Kilnair are learning the ropes at Sun Hill police station — but there's one little fact they would much rather not find out about. Oracle subtitles page 888 Sgt Cryer Eric Richard Pc Edwards Colin Blumenau Pc Smith Robert Hudson W pc A ckland Trudie Goodwin Pc Hollis Jeff Stewart Pc Haynes Eamonn Walker W pc Martella Nula Conwell SC Defoe Chris Samsworth W SC Kilnair Noreen Leighton W pc Brind Kelly Lawrence DI Burnside Christopher Ellison Roger Leach Sgt Penny Mr Baxter Ray Mort Kingsley I William Vanderpuye Junk ie Chris Pitt Kingsley 2 Sylvano Clarke DC Carver Mark Wingett Ch Supt Brownlow Peter Ellis Ch Insp Conway Ben Roberts Insp Frazer Barbara Thorn DC Lines Kevin Lloyd Liz Elsa O'Toole Doctor Daniel Moynihan DS Roach Tony Scannell DC Dash wood Jon Iles
PRODUCERS LORRAINE HEGESSEY, JONATHAN LEWIS, CHRIS OXLEY, STEPHEN SCOTT, ANNE TYERMAN, PAUL WOOLWICH EDITOR ROGER BOLTON Thames Television Production
9.00pm The Equalizer EDWARD WOODWARD THE INNERVIEW Harley Gage receives a job offer to work with Hassan El-Zayat as Director of Intelligence but McCall warns Gage that EI-Zayat's adjutant runs death squads. McCall takes Gage to a meeting with Karen Alden, a psychic whose visions about the Scrapbook Serial Killer led the police to his last victim. Karen then has a vision in which she is one of the killer's victims. Oracle subtitles page 888
McCall Edward Woodward Harley Gage
Richard Jordan Karen A lden Katherine Cortez Sara Hendricks Toni Kalem Jack Cutter Ray Gill Jarrett Paul Hipp Lt Kramer Ron Vawter Shadow man/Carl Lauder Terrence Mann
9.55pm Party Political Broadcast By the Conservative Party.
10.00pm News at Ten 10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather
10.35pm Frontiers DR MARY ARCHER ENERGY Reporters Bob Ledwidge and Su Ingle investigate the latest scientific research being carried out in the Anglia region — areas where the frontiers of knowledge are being extended. This week, Su Ingle looks at some exciting new projects designed to maximise our use of natural energy, and how that power is being harnessed at a time when fossil fuels start to run out. RESEARCHERS ANTOINETTE GRAVES, SARAH TOBIN DIRECTOR GIL EDGELEY EDITOR MALCOLM ALLSOP A nglia Television Production
11.05pm Carpenter's Craft DONALD PLEASENCE JAMIE LEE CURTIS HALLOWEEN The small town of Haddonfield in Illinois endures a night of error as deranged Michael Meyers, on the loose after escaping from an asylum, stalks the streets. His face covered by a chilling white mask, Michael becomes the 'Boogie Man' of children's Hallowe'en nightmares. See film guide, beginning page 42 Dr Loomis Donald Pleasence Laurie Jamie Lee Curtis A nnie Nancy Loomis Michael, aged 6 P J Soles Michael, aged 23 Tony Moran Brackett Charles Cyphers Lindsey Kyle Richards Tommy Brian Andrews Bob John Michael Graham Judy Meyers Sandy Johnson
TVTIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
12.45am Jethro Tull THIS IS... THE FIRST 20 YEARS One of rock's most original bands throughout the last two decades. Included in the programme are rare recordings from Sweden and America, and Ian Anderson's own views on why Jethro Tull have survived.
1.45am Pop Profile FLEETWOOD MAC ARE BACK... After the extraordinary album, Rumours, and the experimental Tusk, the band now feel they have gone through a period of selfexamination... followed by ITN News Headlines
2.00am Sportsworld KEITH DANIELL International boxing plus the final round of the world Superbike Championship from New Zealand. STUDIO DIRECTOR TONY COX PRODUCER JOHN DICKINSON Central Production
followed by ITN News Headlines
3.00am The Time.... The Place...
3.40am Kojak SIEGE OF TERROR Theo Kojak faces a twohour deadline in a daring effort to save the lives of five hostages held by a trio of desperate men.
DESIGNERS ROBIN PARKER, JILL REEDMAN EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PETER CREGEEN PRODUCER RICHARD BRAMALL DIRECTOR TERRY MARCEL Thames Television Production
The issues, the people and the stories that
SCREENPLAY JOHN CARPENTER, DEBRA HILL DIRECTOR JOHN CARPENTER
The programme that travels the country and lets you talk to the nation.
See page 116
8.30pm This Week
Boyfriend David Kyle Marion Nancy Stephens Graveyard keeper Arthur Malet Richie Mickey Yablans Lonnie Brent Le Page Keith Adam Hollander Robert Phalen Dr W ynn Laurie's father Peter Griffith The Shape Nick Castle
Theo Kojak Telly Savalas McNeil Dan Frazer Crocker Kevin Dobson Talaba Harvey Keitel James J Sloyan Murzie Jude Farese A mazeen
He shoots only when necessary. Edward W oodward plays McCall, alias 'The Equalizer': 9.00pm
4.35 to 5.00am Fifty Years On Vintage newsreel clips.
makes it to the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta. Campaign manager TJ Cavanaugh plans the convention strategy...
7.00pm Channel 4 News Oracle subtitles page 888
followed by
Weather 7.50pm Comment Another personel view.
8.00pm Hot Property JUDITH CHALMERS ANDY CRAIG This week — Costa Living. Andy Craig reports from Denia on the Costa Blanca on the boom in Brits buying a second home abroad. He has some useful advice about how to avoid the shady operators when buying a place in the sun. Hot Property continues to follow the fortunes of the Fitzpatrick family in the frustrating search for a new home. Judith Chalmers drops in on The Guccis at home in their medieval farmhouse in Sussex. For series booklet, send £1 to C4 address 1, page 75. DIRECTOR KEITH HALEY PRODUCER GEORGE MITCHELL Central Television Production
8.30pm A Different World RUDY AND THE SNOW QUEEN While visiting Denise at college, Rudy becomes fascinated with Whitley and begins to adopt some of the Southern belle's ways. Denise Lisa Bonet Cliff Bill Cosby Rudy Keshia Knight Pulliam Jaleesa Dawnn Lewis Maggie Marisa Tomei W hitley Jasmine Guy Dwayne Kadeem Hardison Stevie Loretta Devine Andr Jamal Williams JT Spencer John Woodward
9.00pm Tanner '88 BY CARRY TRUDEAU
MICHAEL MURPHY Final episode of the American satirical drama series about Jack Tanner, dark horse in the race for the Democratic nomination. The Tanner campaign
jack Tanner Michael Murphy TJ Cavanaugh Pamela Reed A lex Tanner Cynthia Nixon Stringer Kincaid Daniel Jenkins Emile Berkoff Jim Fyfe A ndrea Spinelli liana Levine Stevie Chevalier Sandra Bowie Barney Kittman Greg Procaccino Molly Hark
Veronica Cartwright
Deke Connors Matt Malloy Joanna Buckley Wendy Crewson John Tanner EG Marshall Bully Ridenhour Harry Anderson With the Rev Jesse Jackson, Andrew Young, Mayor of Atlanta, Jim Wright, Democratic National Convention Chairman, and Kitty Dukakis as themselves PRODUCERS ROBERT ALTMAN, GARRY TRUDEAU DIRECTOR'ROBERT ALTMAN Darkhorse Production
10.00pm True Stories: Grey Gardens Grey Gardens is the Long Island, New York, home of former socialites Edith Bouvier Beale, aunt of Jackie Onassis, and her daughter Edie. The 28room mansion has been allowed to decay so that it is now barely fit to live in. The two women have become completely eccentric but as they reminisce a picture emerges of their lives from their glittering days at the top of society, to the present. Oracle subtitles page 888 PRODUCER/DIRECTORS DAVID MAYSLES, ALBERT MAYSLES Portrait Films Production
11.50 to 2.00am Alpine Fire A film about a family who live on an isolated alpine farm in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The daughter, Belli, has given up any hope of a job as a teacher down in the valleys, and instead concentrates on trying to educate her deaf brother. A Swiss film with English subtitles. See film guide, beginning page 42 The boy Thomas Nock Belli Johanna Lier Mother Dorothea Moritz Father Rolf Illig Grandmother Tim Breidenbach Grandfather Joerg Odermatt SCREENPLAY/DIRECTOR FREDI M MURER
85
'NEW STYLIST. •ST_ GE HEATERS.
with style • With totally co-ordinated designs, across a
Economical heating downstairs.
complete range of heaters. It takes electric heating
'NEW STYLIST. .E.__HEATER, S • •PA N&Th
a whole step forward! There's a heater for every need, in every home. And it's all in the new catalogue. Along with all DRIPLEI ifE ir/1G the established Dimplex favourites. gsfai Ask for your copy now.
.. .0, • „„
ORDERLINE NOW OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK MONDAY•FRIDAY 8am-8pm
FREE!52-PAGE COLOUR CATALOGUE!
Attractive slimline heatin • upstairs.
•NEW STYLIST. -FAN HEATERS.
BROCHU E LINE For a free cata ogue and list of stockists 'phone 0727/3450 anytime 24 hours a day. Or post this coupon.
SATURDAY-SUNDAY 9am-5pm
Send me the new Dinrplex Catalogue
-NEW STYLIST'RADIANT FIRES.
I'm OVER 18 I'D LOVE TO APPLY FOR YOUR LATEST FREEMANS CATALOGUE
Name
A focal poin fire with stunning Optiglo effect.
E Dimplexi
ToDimplex Heating Ltd., Customer Liaison Dept., FREEPOST, Southampton S091BD. All
the warmth you need
'
L
Easiest way to beat stairs. Mum or Dad just sits or stands and glides up and down in complete safety. Saves moving or alterations. Thousands benefiting. See a Stannah stairlift working. Meet satisfied users. Push-button control. Straight or curved staircases. Installed in hours. No mess. Folds back. Nationwide service. Meets British Standards of Safety. Post coupon now.
Lynn Faulds Wood appeals on behalf of the National Eczema Society on ITV, Sunday, 23rd October at 6.40 prn. The skin disease ECZEMA affects 1 in 10 of the population. Do you suffer from eczema? The NES gives practical information and advice. Do you have a relative or friend with eczema? Would you like to help them?
SUPERIOR
annaii
L FREE 0800 300 456
am interested in the following Saga Holidays: UK:Star Rated Hotels 0 Traditional Seaside Hotels 0 University &CollegeCentres HolidayCentres 0 Short Breaks 0 Coach Tours 0 Christmas 0 OVERSEAS: Europe & the Mediterranean 0 Winter Sun 0 Long Haul ID Cruises 00verseasCoachTours ❑ I am also interested in Religious Tours 0
2
iPHONE ^ 01-582 9222 OUOTE REFERENCE F61 A SPECIAL INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE IS AVAILABLE FOR OVERSEAS CUSTOMERS PLEASE SEND L5 FOR YOUR COPY.
Stairs no longer a problem for Mum or Dad
For advice and information on every aspect of holidays for the over 60's, talk direct from the comfort of your own home to the people who plan them especially for you. Call FREE OF CHARGE between 9.30am and 7pm weekdays, and 9.30am and 1 pm on Saturdays. Alternatively, send the reply-paid coupon below.
Your FREE 1988/89 colour brochures are available ONLY from Saga. Request them FREE OF CHARGE by post or phone, then browse at leisure for the holiday of your dreams.
i@Gia@o ...I
Over 60 and going places
To: Saga Holidays Ltd, FREEPOST, Folkestone, Kent CT20 I BR. No stamp is required.
F66 5
Please send FREE colour brochure
Name Address I
Phone Now please post — no stamp needed — to:
Stannah Stairlifts National HQ, Dept8266 FREEPOST, Andover, SP10 3BR • Tel. (0264) 332244 (24 his).
I
VISA EMMEN
A donation from you would enable the NES to: * EXTEND SERVICES — for today's eczema victims. * FUND MORE RESEARCH — to find the causes and a CURE. For more information or to make a donation, please contact: The National Eczema Society PO Box 282 London WC1H 9JS Tel. 01 388 4097 (Access or Visa Card holders)
.1
FRIDAY Anglia 5.00am ITN Morning News BRENDA ROWE
6.00 TV-am The Morning Programme
Presented by Richard Keys and Kathy Rochford. What's been happening and what's going to happen - find out with all the latest news from Gordon Honeycombe, sports results and financial reports in Money Matters. 7.00 Good Morning Britain
Anne Diamond and Mike Morris examine the issues of the day with studio guests. Plus, halfhourly news bulletins with Gordon Honeycombe.
family. Phone us on the air on 051-555 1000. Special features on today's programme include: 11.00 to 11.10 Cash Shop Explores some of the financial problems facing women of today.
11.45 to 11.55 Makers Jan Leeming looks at popular crafts.
Included in today's programme: Anglia News at 11.55 followed by National Weather with Fred Talbot.
12.10pm Rainbow CARING FOR OTHERS George isn't very well today and has to stay in bed. Geoffrey is so busy caring for George and Bungle and Zippy that he gets quite worn out himself. Lines and shapes by Brian Cosgrove and Mark Hall. WRITER GEOFFREY HAYES DIRECTOR DAPHNE SHAD WELL
9.00 Wacaday
Timmy Mallett rounds off the week with more adventures from Wales, plus competitions, games and stories.
9.25am Runway RICHARD MADELEY This morning is your last chance to watch a lively edition of this travel quiz. Richard Madeley will be piloting our last three contestants towards the final Runway round, in the hope that we can go out on a high, and one of them can take off on a holiday!
12.30pm Santa Barbara The memorial service for Summer (Donna Leigh Stack) begins with most of the principal players in attendance, including Peter (Stephen Meadows) who has slipped into a confessional box.
ITN News at One JULIA SOMERVILLE
1.20pm Anglia News
1.00pm On Course
and Weather
ANNA FORD KHALID AZIZ Live from Channel Four's own studio, Anna Ford and Khalid Aziz keep you in touch with the Open College. First, On Course for Success provides news, events and advice for Open College learners, including The Guide to Open Learning with Audrey Shanks; Bulletin Board - latest college events; and In Depth, new courses - are they right for you. At 1.25pm The Training Programme keeps training professionals up to date. From ET to CBT, IV to OC, the programme gets behind the jargon, including Training in A ction; Business End, what training means to a major figure from business and industry; and Toolkit, Hilary Whiteley and the team dissect open learning. You can ring On Course live on 01-436 4771, or write to On Course, Diverse Production, 6 Gorleston Street, London W14 8XS.
1.30pm Gardens For All TERRY UNDERHILL with MARILYN WHITE POTTING SHED If you have ever wanted to grow prize-winning vegetables then learn some of the secrets of successful showing from Terry's guest Clarence Thomas. Marilyn visits top fuchsia exhibitor Fred Collett. For a free information sheet send a large sae to Gardens For A ll, Anglia TV, Anglia House, Norwich NR1 3JG. DIRECTOR JEFF BOOTH TSW Production
2.00pm A Country Practice Simon is busy trying to decide where to go on holiday. Bob and Cookie believe they have stumbled across a magic cure that will make them rich. Simon Bob Cookie V icky
Grant Dodwell Gordon Piper Syd Heylen Penny Cook
and Weather
10.00am The Time... The Place... MIKE SCOTT Another edition of the live show in which Mike Scott travels the country and lets his studio audience discuss a topical subject in the news. PRODUCER JULIE CLIVE
10.40am This Morning JUDY FINNIGAN RICHARD MADELEY with JAN LEEMING The magazine show that takes a lively look at the home and the
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Half-term repeats of last week's programmes.
9.30 Start the Day What I'd like to be: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
9.35 Swings and Roundabouts (Ulster only)
Birds of a feather: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
9.42 Picture Box The Kingfisher. Repeat of Wednesday's programme.
9.59 How We Used To Live Easter Holiday: Repeat of Tuesday's programme.
10.21 Chemistry in Action Limestone: Experiments and demonstrations for GCSE and A-level students.
10.43 Geography Today Coastal Dunes: A study of sand-dunes
11.05 Going Places People and Work: Classifying jobs and looking at how things are made.
11.22 Our World Talking With Your Hands: Repeat of Thursday's programme.
SERIES PRODUCER PAUL CAMPBELL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PHILIP CLARKE Diverse Production
11.39 Mathematical Eye
2.55 to 3.00pm Home Cookery Club CRUMBLY FUDGE For full details, send a large sae to The Home Cookery Club, PO Box 690, London SW1P 4AZ.
Richard Madeley runs the Runway' traffic at 9.25am
9.55am Anglia News
Measurements: Repeat of Wednesday's programme.
11.39 History at Hand (Scottish/Grampian/Border)
The Grand Canals: Repeat of Monday's programme.
12.00noon The Parliament Programme GLYN MATHIAS ALASTAIR STEWART Coverage of the work of both Houses of Parliament, with live interviews, sound coverage of the proceedings of the House of Commons and television coverage of the House of Lords. Reporters are Sue Cameron and Nicholas Woolley.
12.30pm Business Daily DAMIAN GREEN Britain's only daily business and financial TV news service. The FTSE 100 index and the ÂŁ/$ rate come to the screen direct from City computers and there is news and analysis of the main business and industrial stories of the morning. With Damian Green, lain Carson, Jane Alexander and Judith Dawson.
2.00 to 4.10pm Strangers When We Meet KIRK DOUGLAS KIM NOVAK ERNIE KOVACS BARBARA RUSH WALTER MATTHAU HELEN GALLAGHER Larry Coe is an architect who apparently has everything a man could possibly want. Besides a highly promising career, he has a nice home, a beautiful wife and cute children. But when the next-doorneighbour turns out to be an extremely attractive blonde, the architect's moral standards fly straight out of the window. It isn't very long before highly organised secret meetings are taking place between the architect and his blonde neighbour... See film guide, beginning page 42 Larry Coe
Kirk Douglas
Maggie Gault Kim Novak Roger A ltar Ernie Kovacs Eve Coe Barbara Rush Felix A nders
Walter Matthau
Betty A nders Helen Gallagher Stanley Baxter Kent Smith SCREENPLAY EVAN HUNTER DIRECTOR RICHARD QUINE
.A. gumA1 -
ITV 5.00am ITN Morning News 6.00 TV-am 9.25 Runway 9.55 Anglia News and Weather 10.00 The Time... The Place... 10.40 This Morning 12.10pm Rainbow 12.30 Santa Barbara 1.00pm ITN News 1.20 Anglia News and Weather 1.30 Gardens For All 2.00 A Country Practice 2.55 Home Cookery Club 3.00 Take the High Road 3.25 Anglia News 3.30 Sons and Daughters 4.00 Scooby Doo 4.10 Crush A Grape 4.45 Freetime 5.15 Blockbusters 5.45 ITN News 6.00 About Anglia 7.00 Family Fortunes 7.30 Me & My Girl 8.00 Beauty and the Beast 9.00 A Taste For Death 10.00 News at Ten 10.30 Anglia Late News 10.35 Anglia Live 11.35 Film: The Desperate Miles 1.00am The James Whale Radio Show 2.00 Night Network 4.00 Baseball '88
C4 9.30am Schools 12noon The Parliament Programme 12.30pm Business Daily 1.00 On Course 2.00 Film: Strangers When We Meet 4.10 Film: The Three Stooges 4.30 Fifteen-to-One 5.00 Scarecrow and Mrs King 5.55 Murun Buchstansangur 6.00 Redbrick 7.00 C4 News, Weather 7.55 Book Choice 8.00 Irish Reel: Learning To Lose? 9.00 The Golden Girls 9.30 A Houseful of Plants 10.00 Whose Line is it Anyway? 10.30 The Last Resort 11.20 Halfway to Paradise 12.20am Film: Fat Angels 2.10 Close
87
JET BLACK. ONE OF TH
NEW METROS.
METRO 1.0 JET BLACK Total cash price £5,998.00* *Price correct at time of going to press. Includes estimated cost of 12 month's Road Tax, number plates and delivery. Subject to vehicle availability.
Minimum Deposit
Charge fct Total Amount Credit Payable
11.9% APR 1,199.60
Flexible Finance is available on every new Metro car. Which means getting out
CE PLAN
covered by a trade-in on your old car). And you can also choose your own
and about in one is as easy as getting it
repayment schedule. What's more, the
into a parking space.
sclme includethe exciting special edition
Witrifigaillilance
the size of your deposit (it could well be
JetgAAgtio
and its Red Hot twin. 42)
The new Metros. They fit any pocket.
5, CD,
9.7% APR 801.44 8,495.44
8.2% APR 576.88 8,270.88
Available to anyoneaged 18 or Overthrough Austin Rover Finance Ltd.,100 Stratford Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands B90 3BH. These finance plans are not available through the Employee Purchase Plan. ** An Administration Fee of £10 is added to the first payment.
eto
FRIDAY 5.55pm Murun Buchstansangur More adventures with the mucky little creature, who lives in a crack in the kitchen.
Anglia 3.00pm Take the High Road
4.10pm The Three Stooges
Dougal is suffering a deep hunger for meat. He's just not coping With the culture clash. Fiona is learning how long, lonely and sad can be the road she finds herself on. Everyone gets hurt, not just her father. Brian talks to Sorry and we all learn something very surprising indeed. Lady Bill comforts Joanna.
PUNCH DRUNKS
For cast, see W ednesday WRITER PETER MAY DIRECTOR FIONA CUMMING
3.25pm Anglia News 3.30pm Sons and Daughters Glen falls for Susan's ploy and believes she and Wayne are seeing each other. For cast, see W ednesday
4.00 to 5.15pm Children's ITV presented by MARK GRANGER
Scooby Doo A FIT NIGHT OUT FOR BATS
A flat tyre on a rainy night sends Shaggy and the zany dogs for help to a nearby Victorian mansion. The vampiretype inhabitants appear friendly, but our friends soon learn that they plan to have them for dinner - literally.
4.10pm Crush A Grape STU FRANCIS Nikki Ellen Linda Nolan Charlie Cairoli special guest Ward Allen and Roger the Dog Will Stu Francis become the next James Bond? Will Charlie Cairoli become the next gold finger? Will Nikki and Linda become Bond girls? Where do Ward Allen and Roger the Dog come into this? Confused? You won't be if you join Stu and all the gang and Crush
ME
7.30pm Me & My Girl
The Stooges are in the prizefighting game - and with some success. Curly is their fighting man and, every time Larry plays Pop Goes the W easel on the violin, Curly becomes a fighting maniac.
BY COLIN BOSTOCK-SMITH
Made in black and white
RICHARD O'SULLIVAN TIM BROOKE-TAYLOR
See film guide, beginning page 42
WHEN YOU'RE SMILING
with Moe Howard, Larry Fine, Curly Howard, Dorothy Granger and Arthur Housman
Spend some Treetime i at Drusilla's Zoo with Tristan owl's advice at 4.45pm
A Grape - it's licensed to thrill. DESIGNER IAN REED ASSOCIATE PRODUCER TONY NICHOLSON EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PAUL CORLEY PRODUCER/DIRECTOR HARRY KING Border Television Production
4.45pm Freetime ANDI PETERS Steel bands, aerobics, mask-making, and mural painting - join Andi and guest star Andrea Arnold from Motormouth for lots of fun down at the local play centre. Follow some animal lovers who spend their free time helping out at a zoo and take a trip round New York with 11-year-old Sally Foster. RESEARCH JAYANA AUSTIN, MEGAN LANDLER, EMMA WAKEFIELD PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BRIAN SIMMONS ASSOCIATE PRODUCER KATE CARGIN PRODUCER KATE MARLOW Thames Television Production
ITV variations Programmes in adjoining regions are as A nglia except for: THAMES/LWT 1.30prn Casting
Off; 2.00 to 2.55 The Bill; 6.15 to 7.00 Friday Now; 10.35 London Programme; 11.05 to 1.00am Film - The Triple Echo.WW2 subterfuge with Glenda Jackson and Oliver Reed. CENTRAL 12.30pm Home Cookery Club; 12.35 to 1.00 The Young Doctors; 1.30 to 2.00 Gardening Time; 2.55 to 3.00 The Vet; 10.35 Central Weekend; 12.05 to 1.00 Kojak; 2.00 Film - An Eye for an Eye. Chuck Norris stare as ex-undercover narcotics policeman still chasing drugs smugglers; 4.00 to 5.00am Live 'n' Loud. TVS 12.30 to 1.00 A Country Practice; 2.00 to 3.00 Rags to Riches; 3.30 to 4.00 The Young Doctors; 6.00 Coast to Coast: 6.35 to 7.00 Time Out; 10.35 Hunter; 11.30 Police Squad; 1.00 to 2.00 `V'; 4.05 Facing South; 4.35 to 5.00am Jack Thompson Down Under. YORKSHIRE 12.30 to 1.00pm Young Doctors; 1.30 to 3.00 Film
5.15pm Blockbusters BOB HOLNESS The last chance of this week for someone to make an attempt on the Blockbusters Gold Run trail.
ITN News at 5.45 FIONA ARMSTRONG Oracle subtitles page 888
6.00pm About Anglia HELEN McDERMOTT CHRISTINE WEBBER ALASTAIR YATES Switch on for the programme that's really regional. People, places, controversies and curiosities, they're all in today's edition. Gerry Harrison and Stuart Jerrold bring you news, action and comment on the region's sports. Helen McDermott has your letters, comments and criticisms in W rite Now. Send your letters to W rite Now, Anglia Television, Anglia House, Norwich NR1 3JG. Also Patrick's Pantry with another helping of food, fun and Irish blarney. John Bacon presents today's news. Plus, a look at the weekend weather.
7.00pm Family Fortunes
Film - The Death of Me Yet.
LES DENNIS The Morris family from Carmarthen play the Ward family from Kent. Les Dennis mixes facts and fun, the teams play for ÂŁ3000. Produced in association with Mark Goodson and Talbot Television.
Small-town newspaper editor haunted by his past - in the form of a Russian assassin; 12.00 to 1.00 Kojak; 4.00 to 5.00am News followed by Night Heat.
DESIGNER RICHARD PLUMB DIRECTOR MIKE HOLGATE PRODUCER TONY WOLFE Central Production
- The Brave Don't Cry.1952
Scottish drama of 118 men trapped for 36 hours in a gasfilled coal mine; 6.00 Calendar; 6.30 to 7.00 Living it Up; 10.35
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Another episode from this sit-com about a father and his teenage daughter. A silent Simon worries everyone. Daughter Sam and others try to cheer him up, but he's not listening. And if he doesn't listen when everything's all right, what happens when everything goes wrong? Derek Tim Brooke-Taylor Liz Joanne Campbell Simon Richard O'Sullivan Sandra Clark Isobel Samantha Joanne Ridley
SCREENPLAY MOE HOWARD LARRY FINE, CURLY HOWARD DIRECTOR LOU BRESLOW
4.30pm Fifteen-to-One Quiz show.
5.00pm Scarecrow and Mrs King VIGILANTE MOTHERS
DESIGNER MARGARET HOWAT PRODUCER/DIRECTOR JOHN REARDON DIRECTOR NIC PHILLIPS LW T Production
The theft of a deadly nerve gas that could help conquer the world sends Lee and Amanda in search of a ruthless killer.
8.00 to 9.00pm Beauty and the Beast
A manda King Kate Jackson Lee 'Scarecrow' Stetson Bruce Boxleitner Dotty Beverly Garland Billy Melrose Mel Stewart Martha Smith Francine Paul Stout Philip Greg Morton Jamie
LINDA HAMILTON RON PERLMAN ROY DOTRICE The classic tale of unrequited love updated. Set on the island of Manhattan, the series focuses on the adventures of a beautiful prosecuting attorney, Catherine Chandler, and a powerful man/beast, Vincent, who lives in the vast labyrinth beneath New York city. Vincent saved Catherine's life and has become her friend and protector.
6.00pm Redbrick 1: JOIN THE CIRCUS
Another chance to see the series of 12 films looking behind the scenes at a year in the lives of the people of Newcastle University. It is the summer of 1985. Three young men battle through interviews for the post of lecturer in the Politics Department. Meanwhile, two teenagers, Chris Massey from Leicester and Joanne Travers from East London, share with friends their hopes and dreams as they prepare to start life at university. Oracle subtitles page 888 ASSOCIATE PRODUCER ALEX MURCHIE DIRECTOR DAVID THOMASSON PRODUCER STEPHEN GARRETT Tyne Tees Television Production
7.00pm Channel 4 News Oracle subtitles page 888
followed by
Weather 7.55 to 8.00pm Book Choice Historian and biographer John Grigg reviews the first volume of the authorised biography of Harold Macmillan by Alistair Home. Oracle subtitles page 888 EDITOR MIRIAM GROSS Channel 4 Production
London teenager Joanne Travers prepares for a new experience: Newcastle University. 6.00pm
Catherine Chandler Linda Hamilton V incent Ron Perlman Roy Dotrice Father Ren Woods Edie Joe Maxwell Jay Acovone Elliot Burch Edward Albert Mouse David Grenlee James Avery W inslow Mary Rutanya Aida Pascal Armin Shimerman
sure to \/7 Be place a VIM v regular order
89
AND FRUITY
AND FRESH
THE RED WINES OF SPAIN ARE MAKING MORE AND MORE FRIENDS. SO YOU MAY WELL HAVE COME ACROSS SOME WELL-BRED AND DISTINGUISHED RIOJAS. BUT HAVE YOU ENCOUNTERED THE RICH, FULL-BODIED, OAK-AGED RED WINES FROM THE
PENEDES REGION NEAR BARCELONA? THERE'S ALSO A REGION THAT IS LITTLE KNOWN IN BRITAIN, CALLED
RIBERA DEL DUERO, THAT CAN PROVE VASTLY REWARDING. ITS DEEP, RUBY RED WINES ARE BOTH SMOOTH AND ELEGANT.
/1
OR THERE ARE THE WONDERFULLY LIGHT AND FRUITY WINES OF THE HISTORICAL PYRENEAN KINGDOM OF NAVARRA, AND THE ANCIENT VALDEPENAS VINEYARDS ON THE PLAIN OF LA MANCHA. THEN DOWN ON THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST, IN WHAT'S KNOWN AS THE GARDEN OF SPAIN, YOU'LL FIND THE YOUNG AND FRESH REDS OF VALENCIA. NOW ISN'T IT TIME YOU GOT TO KNOW THESE QUALITY WINES FROM SPAIN A LOT BETTER?
TO BE TASTED. 22 MANCHESTER SQ. LONDON ' ,Xi M TAP.
FRIDAY Anglia 9.00pm A Taste For Death BY P D JAMES DRAMATISED BY ALICK ROWE
ROY MARSDEN WENDY HILLER FIONA FULLERTON PENNY DOWNIE The bizarre death of Sir Paul Berowne has brought his family's problem out into the open as Dalgliesh questions the household to try and determine whether it was murder or suicide. He is particularly interested in Lady Ursula's young nurse, Theresa, who appears to have been the dead man's confidante. Theresa knows something that has made her afraid.. .
in the middle of the season of ghosts and ghouls. A recent survey showed that more than half the population of Britain still believes in ghosts. A nglia Live gets on the trail of the supernatural, and there is a spooky song from Jon Benns and Bill Zorn. RESEARCHERS RICHARD BONSER, PHILLIPPA ROBINSON, MICHAEL TALBOT, SARAH TOBIN DIRECTOR GIL EDGELEY PRODUCER MALCOLM ALLSOP
A nglia Television Production
11.35pm The Desperate Miles TONY MUSANTE JOANNA PETTET A disabled Vietnam War veteran, determined to prove that handicapped people are not helpless, goes on a gruelling 130-mile journey in a wheelchair — an
Ent
Oracle subtitles page 888 A dam Dalgliesh Roy Marsden Lady Ursula Berowne Wendy Hiller Barbara Berowne Fiona Fullerton Kate Miskin Penny Downie Emily W harton Avril Elgar Father Barnes Oliver Ford Davies Dominic Swayne Matthew Marsh Sarah Berowne Kate Buffery Ivor Garrod Rob Spendlove Theresa Nolan Rebecca Saire Evelyn Matlock Gabrielle Lloyd Gordon Hailiwell Derek Newark Mrs Nolan Pauline Delany Mr Nolan Kevin Stoney A lan Scully Terence Edmond Gran Constance Chapman A sst Commissioner Nichols David McAlister Miles Kynaston John Ringham Melvin Sam Smart Tracy Kim Benson Reporter Paul Lowther Policeman Bob Appleby
eventful trip in which his life is threatened by a paranoid truck driver. See film guide, beginning page 42
There are studio guests, humour and music with James' TV and radio audience having instant access to him via the telephone on 0532 461000.
Joe Larkin Tony Musante Ruth Merrick Joanna Pettet Mrs Larkin Jeannette Nolan Jill Lynn Loring Dr Bryson John Larch Ruiz Pepe Zerna Ted Michael Richardson Lou Shelly Novack Al Richard Reicheg Mr Rhodes Stacy Keach Snr Truck driver John Chandler with John Elerick, Kathy Cronkite, Previs Atkins
PRODUCTION TEAM MELANIE BENTLEY, VERNON GRANT, CHANTAL RICKARDS, MIKE PEARSON, GRAEME POLLARD PRODUCER IAN BOLT
Y orkshire Television Production
followed by ITN News Headlines
TELEPLAY ARTHUR ROSS, JOEL ROGOSIN DIRECTOR DANIEL HALLER
1.00am The James Whale Radio Show
2.00 to 4.00am Night Network
With legends in their own bed time James Whale is one of the most popular lateMICK BROWN night radio broadcasters PAUL THOMPSON in Great Britain. TV and THE BEATLES radio are brought TIM WESTWOOD together from the Leeds TOM WATT studios of Radio Aire. THE MONKEES MBTV : a magazine of music and news with Mick Brown and guests. Sing-a-long with another fabulous Beatles cartoon. Join Tim Westwood for his fortnightly rap show broadcast from the pirate radio ship N Sign anchored off the coast of East Anglia. Plus live music and competitions. The address for your competition entries is: LWT, PO Box 90, London SE1 9PR. followed by ITN News Headlines
4.00 to 5.00am Baseball '88 BOSTON REDSOCKS v OAKLAN'S A'S
\ n © Independent m e g Television LI 1J PublicatMnsLtd 1988
In Hallowe'en mood: K athleen Eatherton, Dick Condon, Jane Sunderland and Rose Gray. l0.35pm
Reproduction in whole or in part, without permission, of any of the programme details published in this issue is strictly forbidden.
DESIGNER SPENCER CHAPMAN PRODUCER JOHN ROSENBERG DIRECTOR JOHN DAVIES
A nglia Television Production
10.00pm News at Ten 10.30pm Anglia Late News and Weather 10.35pm Anglia Live MALCOLM ALLSOP LUCY MEACOCK Hallowe'en is almost upon us, and we are slap
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Insp Dalgliesh (Roy Marsden) questions quiet Theresa (Rebecca Saire) in 'A Taste For Death' 7 0
NaINNINIMIVA
-,
update of plant care knowledge in Plant of the W eek. For series booklet send £1.50 to C4 address 1, page 75. Oracle subtitles page 888 DIRECTOR CHRISTOPHER KAY PRODUCERS JACKIE BENNwrI', ROSEMARY FORGAN
Bamboo Production
8.00pm Irish Reel: Learning To Lose? This week's film looks at the Emerald Isle — a land of Saints and Scholars, a country with some of the best educated young people in Europe. But the education systems in Ireland are failing to deliver the people that they need to survive in the world outside of the classroom. Learning to Lose? shows how people are being failed in real terms. Many of them are fighting back in an effort to regain what they have lost. Commentary by Damian Gorman. EDITOR GARETH DAVY PRODUCER/DIRECTOR BRENDAN HUGHES SERIES PRODUCER DAVID HAMMOND
DBA Television, Belfast
9.00pm The Golden Girls THE ARTIST Blanche has some exciting news — her artist friend Laszlo has asked her to pose for one of his sculptures. Oracle subtitles page 888 Dorothy Bea Arthur Sophia Estelle Getty Blanche Rue McClanahan Rose Betty White Laszlo Tony Jay
9.30pm NEW A Houseful of Plants FLOELLA BENJAMIN MICHAEL JORDAN Return of the successful weekly series on indoor plants — not only how to grow them but offering inspiration for creating the ultimate indoor garden. There's a weekly visit to Dr Chris Fairweather's popular Plant Doctor surgery — this week the hapless John Ayres seeks the advice of his five foot Yucca. For green-fingered advice nearer home there's a computer programme that can select the right plant for any corner of the house. Moving further afield to the Cote d'Azur, a totally unique method of making beautiful big, terracotta pots is discovered. Plus an
10.00pm Whose Line Is It Anyway? John Sessions and his guests totter and sway precariously amidst a volley of audience suggestions, and chairman Clive Anderson pretends to hold the safety net. See page 103 DIRECTOR PAUL O'DELL EXECUTIVE PRODUCER DENISE O'DONOGHUE PRODUCER DAN PATTERSON
Hat Trick Production
10.30pm The Last Resort with JONATHAN ROSS and STEVE NIEVE AND THE PLAYBOYS Music!! Comedy!! Special guests!! Too many exclamation marks!!! PRODUCER KATIE LANDER DIRECTOR PETER ORTON
Channel X Production
11.20pm Halfway to Paradise Tonight, music from the Jimmy Somerville Orchestra and new American country stars The Waggoners. Plus Scottish post punk novelist Martin Millar, a profile on real soul music from Red Rose Radio and why Glasgow has the funniest taxi drivers in Britain. EXECUTIVE PRODUCER PADDY HIGSON PRODUCER STUART COSGROVE DIRECTOR DON COUTTS
Big Star in a W ee Picture Production
12.20 to 2.10am Fat Angels
i=i
Through a Lonely Hearts column. Mike and Mary become penfriends and, in an equal state of insecure panic, exchange photographs... See film guide, beginning page 42 Mike Mary Frank A llison Jackie
Farnham Scott January Stevens jack Aaron Amy Steel Robert Reynolds
SCREENPLAY JOSEPH GONZALEZ, MANUEL SUMMERS, CHUMMY CHAVEZ, LEON ICHAZO DIRECTOR MANUEL SUMMERS
91
PHILIPS
PHILIPS
FIVE DAYS IN ANY OTHER FRIDGE AND IT WOULDN'T LOOK SO GOOD_ Beautifullyfresh fish after five days. Could your present fridge offer such a guarantee? Or the promise that fillets of beef will still be succulently fresh after six days? The secret of these extended storage times lies in the
to three times quicker than normal after the door has been opened. So milk and cheese etc. stay fresher, longer. Another advantage with the Philips frost free system is that it freezes food much faster — retaining more of its
special 0°C compartment, as can be found only in the new
nutritional value. And, as the name suggests, it is so efficient
revolutionary all frost free Philips ARG 610 fridge freezer.
that defrosting is defunct. The only ice in this freezer are the
Philips, recognising that the ideal storage temperature for meat and fish is 0°C (a temperature
cubes for your gin and tonic. And, for a single payment of {10 when you
not available in conventional fridges), developed
buy the appliance, you can enjoy a ten-year Lifetime.
the frost free system for fridge and freezer. In
Parts Guarantee to assure the future of your fridge
storing fish and meat at this 0°C chill temperature,
freezer into the bargain.
bacterial growth is slowed down dramatically. Two thermostats also constantly regulate
The new frost free fridge freezer from Phil ips. Guaranteed to keep your fresh meat and fresh fish
the temperatures inside the fridge and freezer
in brill condition long after conventional
They provide a return to the ideal temperature up
fridge freezers have started to flounder.
THE PHILIPS FROST FREE FRIDGE FREEZER. ITS FUTURE'S GUARANTEED. AVAILABLE FROM CURRY'S. KETTS. E P LEES. HOUSE OF FRASER. JOHN LEWIS. ALLDERS. MILLER BROTHERS. TOWER RADIO. SELECTED ELECTRICITY BOARDS AND YOUR LOCAL INDEPENDENT DEALER
The wonders of Venice
ere's your chance to dine your way around the world and win a fabulous holiday for two in historic Mexico, magical Venice or fascinating India. In this week's free-toenter competition, TV Times, in association with Fray Bentos, is offering three first prize winners an unforgettable Thomas Cook holiday to any of these exotic locations and there are Thomas Cook weekend breaks for five runners-up. And even if you're not lucky enough to be one of these eight holiday winners, you can still save money on your food shopping bill with our 10p-off voucher for Fray Bentos Ready Meals. Fray Bentos, a top household name for nearly a century, has come up with three exciting ready meals encapsulating flavours from across the globe - Beef Curry, Bolognese and Chilli Con Came. All three dishes are made from best quality beef, vegetables and an original blend of herbs and spices. So, while you contemplate these mouth-watering dishes, try our competition - you could end up eating your curry in India, chilli in Mexico or bolognese in Italy! Win -
PRIZES The three first prize winners choose from a 15-day classical tour of Mexico, a 13-day escorted journey through India, or a relaxing fortnight in Venice. If you opt for Mexico, you'll be taken from the bustle of Mexico City to the glorious East Coast beaches via some of the world's most fascinating archaeological sites, including the Mayan ruins at Palenque and the holy city of Chichen Itza. Or, perhaps you would prefer to discover the jewels of India from the exciting city of Delhi to the magnificent Taj Mahal, and the splendours of Jaipur with its fabled Palace of the Winds and Amber Fort. For something nearer home, what could be more delightful than two weeks amid the treasures and pleasures of Venice? With its wealth of art and fabulous architecture, built around an intricate network of canals and alleyways, Venice is a breathtaking city that can't fail to delight. Visit the Doges' Palace and the Bridge of Sighs, the Basilica of St Mark's and the
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
HOW TO ENTER
Delicious flavours from round the world
All you have to do is match the six dishes listed right to their country of origin. For example, if you think that Sushi comes from India, then write A under I on the coupon and so on. Then add your name and address and send it to TVTimes Rialto Bridge, or simply sit Fray Bentos Competition, and watch the gondolas PO Box 502, Leicester, LEW glide by. OAD, to arrive not later than The three first-prize Friday 4 November 1988. holidays are for two people The senders of the first and each includes return three correct entries flights, accommodation in examined after the closing first-class hotels with date will each be awarded breakfast, and £500 spend- a holiday for two in either ing money. Mexico, India or Venice. Five runners-up will each The next five correct receive a Thomas Cook entries will each win a weekend break for two in weekend break for two in either Amsterdam, Paris, Amsterdam, Paris, Venice Venice or Milan with £100 or Milan, spending money spending money. is also included.
F BENTOS
1 Sushi 2 Tagliatelle 3 Bartsch 4 Moussaka 5 Samosa 6 Enchilada
COUNTRIES A India B Italy C Mexico
D Greece
E Russia F japan
The competition is open to anyone aged. 18 and over who is resident in the UK, except employees and their families of Independent Television Publications Ltd, TVTimes printers, ITV programme companies, and any other companies connected with this competition. The holidays must be taken by 31 December 1989 and are subject to availbUity. No cash substitute for prizes. The decision of the Editor is final. The winners will be =tined by post. A list of winners is available on receipt of a sae, sent separately from your entry, to TIrTimesi Fray Bentos Winners, PP Box 506, Leicester, LE99 °AFL
FT* TT7Tintes Pray Banos Competition, PO Box 502, Leicester LD99 OAD
1 2 3 4 5 6
U
OFF n tit
L
20 THE CUSTOMER This coupon may only be used towards the purchase of any Fray Bentos Ready MeaL One coupon per purchase. It must not be used towards the purchase of any other product. Offer closes 31 March 1989
Fray Bentos Bolognese, Chilli Con f e and L am
Tt) THE RETAILER This coupon will be redeemed at hill face value if it has been presented as part ;payment for the named product. This coupon should be sent to: Fray Bantus Coupon Dept 119 (NCH). Corby. Northants NNI7 INN by 30 April 1989 01112882
_J
Postcode BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE Closing date , 4 November 1988
93
❑
Elevenses Fruit and nut biscuit thins with a coating of plain chocolate. Makes approx 20 2oz/50g butter 2oz/50g sugar 1/zoz/15g glace cherries, chopped 1/2oz/15g mixed peel 2oz/50g flaked almonds loz/25g angelica, chopped ltbsp double cream 6oz/175g plain chocolate, broken into squares
Melt butter, add sugar and bring to the boa Remove from heat and add fruit and nuts. Stir in cream. Place teaspoons of mixture on a buttered baking sheet leaving plenty of room to spread. Bake in batches until all the mixture has been used up. Bake at Gas 4, 350°F/180°C until golden. Remove from oven and scoop into rounds with a round pastry cutter, or palette knife. Remove from tray and leave to set until hard. Melt chocolate in a bowl over a pan of simmering water. Carefully spread chocolate over undersides of florentines. Leave until chocolate has set.
Funny Faces A favourite snack for kids, these fun biscuits are cheap and easy to make. The children can help decorate the faces by sticking on the cherry noses. Makes approx 15 Biscuits: 8oz/225g plain flour 5oz/150g butter 6oz/175 caster sugar 1 egg, beaten
Icing: 1 egg white Toz/200g icing sugar, sifted 1-2tsp lemon juice glace cherries to decorate
Sieve flour into a bowl and nib in butter to breadcrumb stage. Stir in sugar. Bind mixture with enough egg to make a smooth but stiff dough. Wrap and chill for 30min. Roll out biscuit mix on a lightly floured surface and cut into rounds. Place on a baking sheet and bake at Gas 6, 400F/200°C for 8min or until biscuits are golden brown and firm to the touch. Remove from tray and leave to cool. Put egg white into a bowl, Gradually stir in icing sugar and lemon juice until stiff. Pipe icing faces and hair onto biscuits and add a cherry for the nose. more recipes, page 97 ^
94
T
ITV, Monday-Friday: This Morning
he big kitchen boasts everything you expect to find. „ and more! Next to the kitchen is a family room which has french windows overlooking a wide lawned garden with weeping willow and fruit trees. There is a separate, more formal sitting room for relaxing for grown-ups and guests. Judy and Richard met while copresenting an early evening news programme for Granada TV - and discovered an instant rapport. Working together means they spend more time than most couples in each other's company. We really enjoy the closeness of it all,' says Richard. It's certainly evident in the way they present This Morning, With four children, Tom and Dan, 11-year-old twins, Jack, 21/2, and baby Chloe, 14 months, they are certainly well qualified to fill the programme with family matters. Subjects like health, gardening, DIY, cookery and fashion, plus special topical features are treated in a visual, women's magazine style. And while the children occasionally pop up on film - Chloe recently appeared learning how to swim both Richard and Judy are deter-
mined not to turn their family into a media showpiece. The daily schedule is arduous. They leave home at around 7.30am after nanny Julie arrives. They check in at Albert Dock studios in Liverpool at 8.30am and go straight into wardrobe and make-up. An on-the-hoof briefing provides them with the programme's content and running order. At 9.25am they're on screen with a promotional snippet about that day's topics. The programme itself lasts for 90 minutes, and at the end of transmission there's a post mortem followed by a snatched lunch before they launch into the content of the next day's edition. They make sure they're home every day by 5.00pm to have tea with Jack (nick-named Jackie Pots) and Chloe (Coco Pots); then Judy starts thinking about the evening meal they both share with the twins. All this hectic activity means there's little time for shopping and cooking; although Judy says she
enjoys a session in the kitchen when she has the time. We usually shop once a week on Saturday mornings,' says Richard. 'Jack and I do the shopping. But we need a huge list. You have to be phenomenally organised when time is short.' `During the week,' says Judy, we rely on ready meals; they're so good. And I'm forever grateful for the microwave and freezer anything that saves time. But at weekends I do try to cook' Richard also does his bit; they take it in turns to do a traditional Sunday roast. But he's full of praise for Judy. 'She's a great cook,' says Richard. `Her treacle tart could make a man weep, it's so good. The pastry is fantastic!' Judy admits to being a competent "plain cook'. Her talent for pastry was learned from her mother. 'She stressed how everything should be kept as cool as possible and I think I'm lucky in having naturally cold hands!' This of course is quite a bonus in making biscuits - or any other coffee-time snack. Try our selection of crisp, delicious biscuits, Elevenses, Coffee Breaks and Currant Affairs, with a pot of fresh coffee - for when you relax in front of the TV to watch This Morning, of course! wr
MORNING, STORY If you spotted a certain togetherness between the co-presenters of ITV's new magazine programme, 'This Morning', that's because Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan are also husband and wife. JILL COX visited them in their Edwardian home outside Manchester to find out more about this mid-morning couple. Picture DAVID MAGNUS Time for a break, and in our main picture, Richard and Judy share a selection of coffee-time snacks with three quarters of their family: 14-month-old Chloe, Jack, 20, and twin Dan whose brother Tom came home to find the table bare
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
95
The fully fitting answer to a perfect night's sleep The Sunbeam Bedwarmer is a fully fitted, electrically heated underblanket. It is a new and unique concept combining an advanced pre-heating underblanket with a quilted mattress cover. Elasticated corners give a simple, snug fit; bed-wide warmth ensures all over comfort and as the Sunbeam Bedwarmer is machine washable its luxurious material stays luxurious. For the perfect start to a perfect nights sleep the Sunbeam g Bedwarmer takes some beating. Its elasticated corners allow it to be positioned like a fitted sheet so that it won't move around your bed. And this close fitting keeps the full width . and length of the bed warm and cosy. If you suffer from cold feet the Sunbeam Bedwarmer is the one offering an extra warmth area at the foot of the bed. And so no one gets the cold shoulder, the kingsize model has dual controls for him and her. At the heart of the Sunbeam Bedwarmer is our unique Personal Monitoring System. A heating element so advanced, nothing competes with Bedwarmer for comfort, economy or safety. The Sunbeam Bedwarmer is not only the ultimate in warmth and comfort, it is practical too. It is fully machine washable, carries a 3 year guarantee, total overheat protection and BEAB approval.
The new Sunbeam Bedwarmer... Beds are made for it. From Argos, Index, most Electricity Boards, House of Fraser, John Lewis, Currys, Makro, Lewis's ... and all good electrical retailers.
^ continued from page 94
Family Favourites
Spicy Bites
Chocolate slabs topped with frosting and white icing. Makes approx 10 4oz/100g plain chocolate, broken into squares 4oz/100g butter 4oz/100g caster sugar 1 egg, beaten Vztsp vanilla essence 5oz/150g flour Vztsp baking powder 2oz/50g walnuts, finely chopped ltbsp milk
Crisp gingernuts with a delicate ginger taste.
Makes approx 24 4oz/100g plain flour pinch salt ltsp baking powder ltsp bicarbonate of soda ltsp ground ginger
2oz/50g butter 2oz/50g sugar 3tbsp golden syrup Sift flour, salt, baking powder, bicarbonate of soda, spices into a large bowL Rub in butter to breadcrumb stage. Stir in sugar. Warm syrup and gradually incorporate into mixture to make a stiff consistency. Break off teaspoonfuls of mixture and roll into small balls. Place on a lightly greased baking sheet. Bake at Gas 5, 375°F/190°C for 8min or until set and golden.
Currant Affairs Chewy oat bars filled with nuts and currants.
3oz/75g walnuts, chopped 4oz/100g currants Melt butter in a pan. Stir in remaining ingredients and mix thoroughly. Press mixture into a lightly greased 8in/20cm square tin and press to flatten and smooth surface. Bake at Gas 4, 350°F/180°C for 30min or until browned and firm. Mark into slices with a knife and leave to cool completely. Break flapjacks into slices to serve.
Makes approx 14 6oz/150g butter 2oz/50g demerara sugar 2tbsp honey ltbsp golden syrup 6oz/150g porridge oats
Use only one set of measures. Do not mix metric and imperial.
Icing and decoration; 6o7/175g plain cooking chocolate, in pieces 5tbsp black coffee 6oz/175g icing sugar, sifted 1/2 egg white 4oz/100g icing sugar, sifted Melt chocolate in a bowl over simmering water. Cool slightly. Beat remaining ingredients until thoroughly mixed. Gradually beat in chocolate. Pour into an 8in/20cm greased and lined square tin. Bake at Gas 4, 350°F/ 180°C for 30min or until firm to the touch. Cool and mark into slabs. For chocolate icing, put chocolate and coffee into a bowl over a pan of simmering water. Stir until chocolate has melted. Remove and beat in icing sugar. Spread mixture over cooked cake, and smooth surface with a palette knife. Leave to set for 1 hour. For decoration, put egg white in a bowl and gradually beat in sifted icing sugar until stiff but still easy to pipe. Pipe patterns.
O
Coffee Break Crisp and dainty buttery biscuits, perfect for coffee time.
Makes 8 portions 4oz/100g plain flour 2oz/50g cornflour 2oz/50g caster sugar 4o7/100g butter caster sugar for sprinkling Sieve flours into a bowl. Add sugar, and rub in butter with fingertips until mixture starts to bind. Knead lightly until smooth, then press into a lightly floured 7in/18cm sandwich tin or shortbread mould. If using a mould turn out on to a baking sheet, before cooking, then prick with a fork Bake at Gas 3, 325°F/160°C for 45min or until firm and golden. If using a sandwich tin, cool before turning out. Remove from oven and mark into eight triangles. Sprinkle with caster sugar.
Gives you a taste for healthy living Cutting down on fat, but not flavour makes good sense. Today's answer — new Primula Low Fat. Half the fat of ordinary cheese spreads and the fresh taste you expect from Primula. Choose from Plain, Garlic and Herb or Mixed Seafood. The very first in tubes. Celery and Apple, Chicken and Mushroom or Primula Plain in tubs. Primula gives you a taste for healthy living.
Primula from Kavli. The Cheese in a Tube.
Kavli Ltd., Kingsvray, Team Valley Trading Estate, Tyne & Wear, NE11 OST.
97
C::] ITV, Sunday: The South Bank Show
Local Hero makes
David Puttnam, the quiet mogul of the movies, was born and bred a townie. Now, the North London lad — featured in 'The South Bank Show' this week — is a self-styled hit-man for rural conservation. BARBARA Y OUNG meets producer Puttnam at his home in deepest W iltshire. Picture DE ZITTER
scar winning film rnaker David Puttnam is a man with a mission. At 47, he is not only the most successful film producer of his generation, but a staunch and tireless campaigner in the fight to preserve the beauty of England's countryside. He sits cross-legged on the floor of his elegant beamed drawing-room. Puttnam pours fresh coffee into china cups and looks around him with pride. It has taken four long years to restore this 15th-century former watermill to the home that Puttnam and wife Patsy call their 'little bit of paradise'. 'I organised and did everything on the outside of the house and Patsy did everything you see inside it was a division of responsibility,' he explains. When we bought the mill six years ago, it was fine, except that it was only just holding together. There was every kind of rot imaginable - it didn't bear too much investigation. Ostensibly, it had been kept together with a lot of love but just hadn't had the money it needed spent on it. A house of this age periodically needs to be stripped back and you have to start again. 'I enjoy doing manual things, but I'm not someone who's clever with their hands at all. I love the excitement of trying things and experimenting, and
98
we've certainly made a few mistakes. We've planted more than 10,000 trees and shrubs here - some of them have worked and others haven't. We've actually had a low failure rate and have lost about five per cent. I've treated this home in some respects the way I treat a film. It's not enough that the end titles are beautifully typed or that the music is perfect. I like to think that one hallmark of the films I produce is that they are beautifully made and immaculate productions - whether you like them or not.' A self-confessed perfectionist with an eagle eye for detail, Puttnam has thoughtfully arranged a perfect welcome. On this soft, late summer's day, a swan glides elegantly through tranquil waters and, inside, the distant sound of soothing classical music provides an ideal backdrop for the interview. When we set out to look for a house in the country, I was a total urban being,' says Puttnam. 'I was born in North London and had lived in the West End for 20 years - I still can't explain where the idea to move out came from. When our friends heard of our plans, they said to Patsy: "You're mad! He's never going to settle in the country - he'll hate it." I don't know if she believed them or not, but I think now she's finally accepted that it wasn't true.' Puttnam grew up in what
David Puttnarn's screen productions will last as long as people love films. But he's just as proud of his latest creation, the 15th century watermill home he has restored from ruin in rural W iltshire
he calls 'a typical middleclass environment' - a modest, three-bedroom semi-detached house in Southgate, a pleasant London suburb. He can remember joining in a great debate at school on the advantages of living in town and countryside. 'I was a cinema freak, so it was impossible for anyone to describe to me what advantages the countryside had to offer,' he recalls. 'At the time, I argued that it wasn't for me because you couldn't see four different films in a week anywhere out of London, and anyway,' he laughs, 'the jazz clubs were too far away.' David Puttnam, the man who last year was elected president of the Council for the Protection of Rural England, (CPRE) speaks with the same conviction and passion as David Puttnam the film maker and producer of memorable Eighties screen classics such as Chariots of Fire, Local Hero and The Killing
Fields. Straight-talking but charming, he has attracted almost as much media interest as some of his leading actors. Almost exactly a year ago he hit the headlines when he resigned his position as studio boss of Columbia Pictures in Hollywood after serving 12 months of his three-year contract. Earlier this year, he fought and won a battle to divert a footpath that ran uncomfortably close to his rural retreat. And then, of course, there were the inevitable gossip column stories about the state of Puttnam's marriage when his name was linked with that of the massage parlour made famous by Major Ronald Ferguson, father of the Duchess of York. The Puttnams were childhood sweethearts who married when he was 20, and his bride just 17. Today, they are the proud parents of daughter Debbie, 26 (married to TV presenter Loyd Grossman), and son Sasha, 22. 'Certainly, it's been a wonderful marriage for me,' says Puttnam. 'We've never bored each other and I think perhaps that it's because I've always spent three, maybe four months a year travelling. We've been able to retain a real interest for each other because we've never really had a
routine. The thing that also kills a lot of relationships is rootlessness. Patsy is a brilliant homemaker. She's always made places cosy and welcoming - the kinds of places you really want to live in. 'Children obviously were also a big factor. Like any other marriage, you go through your good years and bad years, and the fact that you've got children helps bind it together. Children make you absolutely aware that marriage is a compromise and anyone who thinks otherwise is a fool. 'I'm lucky enough to be married to someone who is perfectly happy to spend the evening sitting in the same room, both reading -
I've treated this home in some respects the way I treat a film,
some couples just couldn't do that. 'This may sound paradoxical and it may surprise you, but I have to confess I love solitude. I have a tremendous yearning for being on my own. I think all sane people need to be on their own. I find I'm dealing with people who can't bear to be alone more and more, and that's tragic.' Although the Puttnams have a small London base close to the offices of his company, Enigma Productions, they have tried hard to retain their country house as the one place they can really call home. But it hasn't been easy. The house in Wiltshire is identically equipped to match his London office. His personal secretary commutes between the two. 'Recently, Patsy and I have been looking for a little cottage in Scotland,' says Puttnam. 'This may sound a bit silly, but I feel in a way we've made this too much of an adjunct to the London office and, in doing that, I've invaded my own privacy. 'Now, we're looking for a
continued overpage ^
99
Pi- continued from page 99 little, secluded cottage with nothing more than water and electricity, to make Patsy's life easier. When we first bought the mill six years ago we spent the first two years living in the little cottage down the lane. It was just two rooms and a kitchen, but it was lovely - small enough to switch on the TV or pick up a book without moving from the chair. 'The mill has, unfortunately become a rural work-centre, so it's now much harder to switch off. There's a real need to find a place where you just can't be contacted.' Earlier this year, the Puttnams took six days off from their hectic life to drive around the west coast of Scotland - a place that has always held a special fascination for Puttnam. 'Ever since we did Chariots, I've felt secure and comfortable in Scotland,' he says. 'Local Hero was the film which really sealed it for me. I don't have any Scottish blood, but I physically feel extraordinarily drawn to the place. One of the things I most love about it is the romance of the moors and glens. I find them very soothing.' These days, the Puttnams shy away from the glamorous lifestyle usually associated with movie moguls, preferring to spend time together in their magnificent home. 'I don't like parties,' says Puttnam. 'The truth is, I'm a little uncomfortable at them, so we don't tend to go to many. In the country, we haven't really become part
of the community because, although I'm not anti-social, I'm non-social, for the reason that I come here to be quiet, because we have more of. a social life in London than we'd both like in an ideal world. We had a terrific strain on us for about two years over this footpath. After Chariots, people began behaving in this really bizarre manner. The footpath wasn't just a footpath it was a convenient excuse for people to come in and nose around. Originally, the footpath ran just 8in from the front door, so not only did we have people looking at us through the window, some of them came into the house as well. My son Sasha woke up one morning to find a chap in his room who claimed he'd lost his way. 'In the end, it was the police who insisted that something was done for security reasons. Now we've had the path officially moved 20 yards and the dust is finally settling. We're opening the gardens of the house for the first time this weekend - it's our way of trying to patch things up after winning the footpath battle. I don't plan to hide away on the day - I'll just have to grin and bear it.' Two years ago, the Puttnams swapped their idyllic country lifestyle for the ritzy glamour of the Hollywood film set when David took on Columbia Pictures. It was a decision that took a lot of soul-searching and produced some longlasting effects. 'Looking back, I've no regrets at all,' he says. 'I guess I'm quietly relieved
Californian `Spa'-kle Sheila Cluff flew all the way from California to present TV Times Flymo winner Ivy Mison with her prize. She has won a week at the exclusive Palms at Palm Springs health spa, owned by Ms Cluff. Ivy is taking along three members of her family with her on the prize trip; which is being organised by Spa Finders Travel, America's leading health holiday specialists. Eighty second-prize winners each won a Flymo Multi-Trim garden trimmer, and 120 runners-up each received a Flymo Mini-Trim. The correct answers were: 1 G, 2 D, 3 A, 4 B
`Part of my plan was to create . . .a sort of rural Disneyland,
was once owned by Greta Garbo. But it was a non-life. I used to work from seven in the morning until I went to bed, with only a short break for dinner. We worked a six-and-a-half-day week for 15 hours a day and I was shattered. 'I became seriously ill immediately after leaving. My doctor said later that being forced to resign probably saved my life. I think I take things too seriously, you know - it's always been a real problem for me. I can never do half a job. I can become pretty obsessed.' Puttnam's love affair with
the countryside has also become something of an obsession. His bedside reading is a mixture of gardening reference books, nursery catalogues and agricultural reports. As president of the CPRE, he sees his job as ensuring that vital conservation issues get a proper airing. 'When I first started going around the countryside looking for houses to buy, I realised that I had a vision which was England before World War Two. My rural ideal just wasn't there any more and I had to adjust my thinking. I got such a jolt that I joined the CPRE. Td read a booklet about their aims and knew they were quite different. They are an organisation that is as interested in urban plight and improving urban situations as it is in the countryside. 'Things have hotted up recently and it's a very frontline organisation. Nicholas Ridley, the Secretary of State for the Environment, has created the most successful membership drive for us because people are genuinely frightened,' he says, revealing a wry sense of humour. 'I think what he's trying to do, however, isn't all wrong. I know I joke about him, but there is an element of truth in it. 'I think the flaws lie in the presentation and not in the policies. I don't believe the Minister doesn't really care. I know him to be a countryman and he's a fanatical fisherman. 'I believe that it is the fundamental responsibility
W ho'swonwhat? Sunny smiles all round from just some of our readers who found
that winning streak in recent competitions.. . Sweet Dreams Denise Barnett and husband Rob of Underwood, Notts, will soon be waking up to a new-look bedroom as winners of the TV Times Room for Change competition. Their prize included £2000 worth of Ducal furniture, £1000 worth of Slumberland products including a luxury new bed as well as £1000 worth of Sanderson
Pictured from left to right: Ivy Meson - our Flymo winner - receives her ticket to ride from health and fitness expert, Sheila Cluff. Slumberland Ted overwhelms the Barnetts, while Rae Borthwick gets a mighty cheque from Mighty W hite's Martin Hersov
100
that I'm back here in one piece. I think in some respects the Coca-Cola experience damaged me. [Columbia is owned by the multi-million dollar soft drinks company.] I'll never be able to be quite as trusting of anyone again. 'I think, by nature, I am a survivor and it also comes back to the marriage. I think, as a couple, Patsy and I are survivors. 'In Hollywood, we had a nice house at the top of Coldwater Canyon which
fabrics, wall-coverings, carpets and bedlinens. The couple were also given a cuddly Slumberland Ted for their baby daughter Stephanie. The correct answers were: 1B, 2C, 3A.
Mighty Money Rae Borthwick of Edinburgh used her loaf and won the £10,000 first prize
of any human, whoever you are and wherever you live, to leave behind you a better physical and sociological environment than the one you were born into. Therefore, to do the opposite - to go along willingly with the deterioration of the environment, so that your children and grandchildren inherit a less human world than the one you were born into, is insane and very wrong. 'With the work we've done here, I'll leave behind an environmentally sensational place. We've planted a complete arboretum (botanical tree garden), lye bought a fantastic collection of 24 English oaks, which will be a unique collection for people to come and see. Tm lucky that our son, daughter and son-in-law love to spend time down here. Sasha was one of the people responsible for bringing this place back to its former glory. He spent six months just taking down barbed wire, so I think he's paid his dues. 'Part of my plan,' says countryman David Puttnam, 'was to recreate an adventure playground for our grandchildren. It was part of our grand scheme that one day we'd have the kind of place to which our grandchildren would love to come and visit - a sort of rural Disneyland. What kept us going was the thought that one day we would have the satisfaction of creating an environmental jewel, something which would last beyond our own lifetime. Yes, I think this has been one of our greatest productions...'
ivr
in the TV Times Mighty White competition. The 10 second-prize winners, who each won a Sharp video camera, were: A Ward of Berwick, E Lothian; A Glossop of Bognor Regis; M A Madeley of Shenstone, Staffs; A limes of Elie, Fife; S Hampson of Runcorn; G Smith of South Anstone, S Yorks; J V Thomas of Gomersal, W Yorks; M Dobson of Glossop; R Blinncowe of Leeds; and M Littlewood of Sheffield. 90 third-prize winners each won a Nikkai 14" colour TV. 50 fourth-prize winners won £100 each and 200 runners-up were given a Light 'n' Easy toaster. The correct Sandwich answers were: 1 Judith Chalmers, 2 Jimmy Greaves, 3 Michael Aspel, 4 Bruce Forsyth, 5 Jimmy Tarbuck, 6 Anne Diamond.
Talkback winner The first-prize winner of the June '88 TV Times Talkback competition is S Moss of Derby.
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
caz
MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW! MORE VALUE NOW! MORE QUALITY NOW! MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW!
LEADING LIGHTS.
PRICES THAT WON'T MAKE YOU BLINK.
0 /3.
0
If YANGSTE. Japanese influence table amp, available in black NOW ONLY and burgundy Normal Price £34.99 £29.99
0
PENDLE7ON. Brass ceiling fitting with decorative ceramic body and subtle tinted, scalloped shades. £29.99
CALEDONIA Amber panelled ceiling fitting, with 3 lights.
£69.99
ALEXANDER 5 light sherry glass ceiling fittin6with crystal pendant trimmings. £9 .99
-
AAOSZeSSSOMMASMSSMAAsoved,VMSISi&OW.MAS::
Take a look at our huge collection of lighting and pick up some bright ideas on different ways to light your rooms. Lights can change the way your decor looks.
0
Add to the atmosphere. Highlight points of interest or be things of beauty in themselves. With the nights drawing in it's the perfect time to switch on to our leading lights.
TAKER LOOK AT US NOW! O U Lu
O
2
SHOPPING HOURS
MON 10-8 THURS 10-8 10-6 FRI 10-8 TUES WED 10-6 SAT 9-6 Scottish storesopenSun 10-5 N. Ireland exceptions Mon 10.6, YVed,Thurs, Fri 10-9
*Ring 01-2000200 for the location of your *Up to £2000 Instant Credit is available with nearest MFI Lighting store the MR Credit Card, subject to status. *Access, Visa, Connect, American Express APR 32.9% variable (with Bankers Order). and Diners Cards accepted. Written Quotations from any branch upon request. MFI are licensed Credit Brokers.
0 Pi
ui
fc 0
Lighting prices do not include bulbs or plugs. Some items may not be available in all stores. 'Normal Price' is the price charged in all MFI stores not necessarily for 28 consecutive days in the last 6 months.
MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW! MORE VALUE NOW! MORE QUALITY NOW! MORE CHOICE NOW! MORE STYLE NOW! :1.1:1•11
The biggest procession in Spain isn't always down to the beach.
Cs Ca'
The Spanish are great believers in celebrating religion with pleasure. With over 3000 fiestas a year scarcely a day goes by without some cause for enjoyment. Whether it's to mark the end of harvest time (blessing grapes in front of the church) or celebrating Easter (beautifully crafted statues are unceremoniously burnt) anyone can be part of a Spanish fiesta. In Cadiz even the horses join in. But next time you're in Spain, go and see a fiesta for yourself. It'll make a change from worshipping the sun.
The Spanish National Tourist Office, 57 St.James's Street. London SWIA ILO. Telex 888135. Prestel 34429.
Spain. Everything under the sun.
â?‘ C4: W hose Line Is It Anyway? John Sessions driven by a terror of failure,' he says
he new C4 game show W hose Line Is It A nyway? is dangerous, off the cuff stuff. Four players have to ad-lib their way through scenes suggested by the studio audience, and there's no safety net. .. Will the lines hold or will the performers fall? The only certainty is that John Sessions, actor and writer and a regular in the series, never puts a foot wrong. His pleasure at the proceedings is easy to see and enjoy. 'I try to be as relaxed as possible when I do it,' he says, 'but you have to keep the engine running and it's irritating when you have to hold back while someone else has a go. Basically I'd like to be doing the whole programme myself. I once said jokingly that the reason I did one-man shows is that in plays you spend too much time standing around on-stage waiting for other actors to finish speaking. I might have been joking, but there's certainly an element of truth in it.' We met on one of those sunny autumnal Sundays in his book-strewn, nut-shell of a flat just down the road from Putney Bridge in south-west London. He had been in Harrogate during the week shooting a film for ITV. Later that afternoon he would be enjoying himself again, recording another
Actor, comic, team leader in `W hose Line Is It Anyway?' — John Sessions is certainly talented but also a misfit. Here, he tells CORDELL MARK S why.. .
yIcan't enjoymysel enjoy
W hose Line Is It A nyway? He continually smokes a certain brand of low tar cigarettes; a dumb-bell, with which he occasionally exercises, was being used as a door-stop; and on the table in this main room was a script he had been working on that morning, all in longhand, for another one-man show. He said that he's known worse Sundays. He said that as a child, brought up in Sessions' character in Torterhouse Blue' had a crush on his bedder, played by Paula Jacobs
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
I B37 IC EP 0300110K0
Ayrshire by Presbyterian Church-going parents, he had believed that one seventh of your life was to be written off and the seventh was Sundays. 'There was a funereal misery about our Sundays. Enjoyment was out. 'I still have the inability to enjoy myself. I find it extremely difficult to be carefree and abandoned.' Perhaps, but when he performs he is able to let any constraints fly out the window. 'I'd love to be really abandoned occasionally. I don't mean lolling on a couch with 15 concubines...I don't particularly want to do that all the time, maybe once a week. . . but I do find enjoying myself difficult. I'm terribly caught up with the work ethic. I'm one of those people always pacing up and down rooms; always having to work. If I don't work, I don't sleep.' He was in the West End last year with his show The Life Of Napoleon in which he was not only the Emperor, but some 30 other characters too. He is the voices of Norman Tebbit and Terry Wogan and Lord Olivier in Spitting Image, but, for the moment, he is best know as the sexuallyfrustrated student, the condom-inflating Zipster in
Porterhouse Blue. At 35 he has some stray grey hairs which he has dyed away. 'I thought: "You've got to give way to vanity eventually." Some people look good when they go grey - Frank Finlay, Paul Scofield - but I'm just going to go grey in a boring, dreary way.' Somewhere there is an actress girlfriend, but he wouldn't talk about her, nor even give her name. Before acting there was an academic career which brought him a degree, followed by four years in Canada, where his twin sister lives, studying to be a doctor of philosophy. He will fly back to see his
continued on page 104 111.
103
01*- continued from page 103
rI CHOOSE A FREE GIFT -
1_L
Tower Electric Deep Fryer K7164
Double Duvet K7185
35mm Camera .5 piece Luggage Set167166
Betacorn Phoenix
Built-in Flash io Case 26719A
Black Mantle Clock K719D
C utlery n Sot Mugs
Thick tk Thin Toaster K71913
Sessions made his point as neurotic Napoleon sister, but he loathes the place. Canada is just blandness. 'I spent four deeply unhappy years there - like doing a prison stretch One of the reasons I work so hard now is that I feel Tye time to make up. I didn't go to RADA till I was 26. I have to work that much harder to run that much quicker. I'm very ambitious, but driven less by a desire to succeed than by a terror of failure' His parents, he said worried at his change of direction 'At 30 I was still at RADA. But later when they came to see me in Napoleon they felt better. And then there was Porterhouse and being on W ogan and so a few laurels of success have sort of alighted on me to make them feel, well, he's probably done the right thing.' He smiles Not all the laurels have alighted yet. I haven't got an Oscar. I haven't been lc-lighted yet.' There seem to have been several unhappy moments in his life. At school he was repeatedly bullied 'It's an animal thing,' he says. If, as a child you are susceptible to being bullied the others will smell it out in the way a shark will smell blood I suppose I became high profile in a way that wasn't safe. It's safe if you're a ladies man or the captain of games or that sort of nonsense, but because you've taken the mickey out of a lot of people or hung around with the sixth formers while only being in the third form, then it's not safe. There comes a pay day and it did
come. It was terrible. I was beaten up, laughed at, teased. It had an effect on me for years.' Nowadays, he says, he feels a misfit. He would love to have the same selfassurance that many of the performers from Cambridge, like his friend Stephen Fry, possess. 'They have astonishing, enviable, almost tangible confidence. But I don't quite belong so the best thing I can do is just carry on ploughing my own little farrow.' He smiles again. 'And if that means doing shows about great megalomaniacs such as Napoleon, then so be it' Out on stage, he said, he comes alive. What I can't do is all that sort of smarty chat between the teams and the quizmaster. I can't do anything like that I wish I could When I did Wogan, I was just left there looking a bit daft actually. I can't be larger than life at times like that If I was, I suppose I'd be like... Christopher Biggins.' During interviews like this one, he is sometimes asked if he knows who is the real John Sessions Did coming alive being other characters make him forget his identity? This makes him laugh Er. I know who I am. I know where I live. I remember my address. All that stuff is a bit too dramatic. I mean there are some extremely unbalanced performers around and I suppose I have my fair share of neuroses like anybody else, but that's all' And more than his fair share of talent, too. WT 22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
Dry toilet paper alone is not enough.
Now moist toilet tissues, th e modern approac h t to tal mess. Dry and moist for real cleanliness.
The Hakle Moists system is simple and quick. 1. First use dry toilet paper as you normally would. 2. One Hakle Moists from the dispenser ensures total cleanliness. An important step forward in personal hygiene.
Families the world over are concerned about personal hygiene. They know that thorough cleanliness prevents inflammation, irritation and related complications.
Hakle Moists really clean where dry paper only wipes. This cleansing also helps prevent irritation and discomfort.
Airtight dispenser and 70-tissue refill. In regular, or camomile version for extra sensitive skin. Available from supermarkets, chemists, drugstores and department stores.
<-36 Used in millions of European households.
Responding to the need, the famous Hakle Laboratories in West Germany, in collaboration with experienced dermatologists, have perfected a new dry/moist cleansing system.
In healthy families, hygiene is an essential part of cleanliness and personal freshness from childhood onwards.
Total cleanliness and freshness, gentle even in cases of extra sensitivity or inflammation.
Hakle Moists toilet tissues are impregnated with a gentle cleansing lotion. They contain neither soap nor alcohol. Moists are just the right size and not excessively moist, so they clean effectively with just one wipe, leaving the body completely clean and fresh. Hakle Moists are completely flushable and biodegradable.
â?‘NTV, Sunday: Live from the Palladium W hen you've trodden its well-worn boards, that's when you know you've arrived in showbusiness. Over the past 78 years its billboards have been plastered with the biggest names from the world of entertainment, as the pictures on these pages testify. ANTHONY DAVIS looks behind the scenes of this theatreland legend: the London Palladium
e
famous the won]. Nellie W allace
Gracie Fields
oreign visitors and the British public alike see the Palladium as much a part of London as Big Ben. Jimmy Tarbuck, who presents Live from the Palladium on Sunday, says: 'If you're going to do a live variety show, the London Palladium is the greatest theatre in the world.' Yet the Palladium is not that old - it will be 78 next birthday. Nor is it the biggest, even in London. It has 2325 seats, but the Coliseum has more. Nor is it the grandest, though it is impressive. The stage is 80ft x 40ft and 52ft high - but its most famous feature is that revolving stage, divided into three concentric rings. The outer two can be turned in opposite directions, while the centre can be raised 5ft and lowered 6ft. But it's the international stars who have really attracted the attention. 'Everyone in showbiz has appeared there,' says Tarbuck. 'Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, Gracie Fields, Judy Garland, Liberace, Max Bygraves, Morecambe and Wise, Tommy Cooper. . The almost infinite list also includes Jack Benny, Ethel Merman, Danny Kaye, Fats Waller, Duke Ellington, Frank Sinatra, Noel Coward, Laurence Olivier, Cliff Richard, Bette Davis, Julie Andrews, Neil Diamond, John Denver and many more. The site of the Palladium was originally occupied by the town houses of the Dukes of Argyll and Marl-
borough (who gave their names to nearby streets), but these were demolished in the late 19th century. For 20 years the area was the home of a circus, before the present theatre was built. The Palladium - a music hall - opened on Boxing Day 1910, with Nellie Wallace, Ella Shields, Ella Retford and 'Mr Martin Harvey and his full company' in a mixed bill including melodrama and even opera. For three months in 1928 the Palladium was used as a cinema, but showman George Black took it over, opening with Gracie Fields, comedian Dick Henderson (father of Dickie), and Ivor Novello in a one-act play called The Gate Crasher. In the Thirties, it was the annual home of Peter Pan. Elsa Lanchester and Anna Neagle were among the fliers. The Thirties also saw the Crazy Weeks, which later developed into the Crazy Gang Shows. The Gang were practical jokers - their favourite Rosemary Clooney
Happy and Glorious. Trinder, also starring in a film about the fire service, The Bells Go Down, once heckled, as was his habit, two Palladium latecomers: 'This isn't a cinema, you know,' he shouted from the stage. 'You can't stay and see the beginning through again. If you want to see a
continued on page 109 ^
Parts in the theatre 1 Upper Circle 2 Royal Circle 3 Variety bar 4 Advance Bookings 5 Cinderella bar 6 Stalls 7 Box C 8 Her Majesty's refreshment and rest MOM
9 Box B 10 Orchestra pit 11 Revolving stage 12 Dressing room B 13 Dressing room A 14 Stage door 15 Stage exit
Ivor sorelio
Tommy Mader Bob Hope Jane Russell
106
tricks included nailing chorus girls' shoes to the floor and smearing jugglers' clubs with grease. Jimmy Nervo once put two smouldering cigarettes in Charlie Naughton's hat, which burst into flames on stage! During World War Two, Irving Berlin starred in This Is the A rmy, and Tommy Trinder had long runs in Best Bib and -Tucker and
16 Exit a to rGot Marlborough ugh Str"t 17 Scene dock Property room 18 19 Stage 20 Spotlight chamber 21Boxes 22 Spotlight banks
y TarbliCIC
107
Body' shouldhave one! fips-
...and DP have one for evervbo No-one has a more comprehensive range of high' quality fitness equipment, and that ensures a system to suit you. The Bodytone 326 Multigym featured here is a good example. More than a rowing machine the Bodytone 326 is a complete aerobic fitness centre for the home, offering the whole family a range of horizontal & vertical exercises to keep you in good shape. All DP equipment is • ergonomically designed, handbuilt and beautifully finished, truly state of the art. Sturdy, yet compact, many machines feature telescopic frames for convenient storage in remarkably small spaces. Designed and built by the world's leading manufacturer of fitness equipment, you can be sure of DP quality and see the Bodytone in action at most good sports stores. Competitive products at competitive prices. -
Ever home should nave one! y
FITNESS EQUIPMENT
•
liversified Products Corporation-UK Phoenix Way, Garngoch Industrial Estate, Gorseinon, Swansea, UK Phone: (0792) 898081 Telex: 48687 DIVPRO G See the 326 and other DP products at:- Harrods, Argos, AstralSports, Liiiywh Lewis Partnership, Iltdewoods, Empire Stores, Grattan, ChampidtiSporti, linersport GUS and most leading sports stores.
i
Duefo the 'extensive range of DP products, a single retailer may not guarantee to stock every hem manufactured
Agein.;,
^ continued from page 106
All the stars have a story to tell. . . good film, go round the corner to the Empire they're showing one of mine.' To which one retorted: No thanks. If rm going to see you die, rd rather it was here at the Palladium!' The war years also saw the shortest run of any show. Top of the W orld lasted just four nights, but that was in 1940. The Palladium achieved its biggest audiences with
Sunday Night at the Palladium, which ran for 12 years from 1955 and was shown on ITV. At its peak, the show was watched by nearly half of the country's population. The first show starred Gracie Fields and Guy Mitchell and was compered by Trinder. During a later show, a power failure blacked out the television network and Trinder stayed on stage for nearly two hours, ad libbing for the theatre audience, before greeting viewers with: Welcome to Monday at the Palladium.' Later comperes included Dickie Henderson, Bob
Monkhouse, Hughie Green, Robert Morley, Bruce Forsyth and Norman Vaughan. Jimmy Tarbuck first swaggered on stage in 1963. An unknown 23-yearold, he was an instant hit. 'I was meant to go on for six minutes and carried on for nine, but I was just a boy and had no idea,' he says. Xavier Cugat and his band, who were topping the bill with singer Abbe Lane, had to cut their act to make time for him. Just two years later, Tarbuck took over as compere. The biggest stars were booked for the Sunday shows: Ella Fitzgerald, Jane Russell, Howard Keel, Nat King Cole, Connie Francis, Jo Stafford, Rosemary Clooney, Eartha Kitt and Pat Boone among them. When The Beatles appeared in 1963, fans beseiged the theatre and the word Beatlemania was coined. During one show, Judy Garland sat in her dressing room, apparently deciding whether or not to go on. Meanwhile, the band
Which
iThe best theatre in the world is the Palladium,
played her introductory music, Over the Rainbow, again and again. It was Tarbuck who eventually coaxed her on. On another occasion, however, Tarbuck forgot Petula Clark's name and introduced her as 'someone who needs no introduction'. When Shirley MacLaine played the Palladium in 1976, London was plagued by bomb threats. She was heading for the stage when she overheard one stagehand say to another: 'There's been a bomb scare, but we've been told not to say anything to Miss MacLaine.' A suspicious brief case had been found under an empty seat. But the decision to carry on with the show turned out to be the right one - the case was later claimed by a couple who had stayed too long in the bar. All the stars have stories about the Palladium. Harry Secombe plummeted through a prematurely opened trap door; scenery fell on Hughie Green's head; Norman Vaughan
dropped a rifle and nearly broke his toe; Betty Hutton was so dynamic she knocked over a row of microphones; Jimmy Durante, tossing a stool to his drummer, smashed a 20ft mirror. There's been drama offstage, too. Mario Lanza, in an outburst of temper, knocked his manager halfunconscious, and a mentally disturbed fan of Val Doonican stabbed a props manager when he refused to let her backstage to see her idol. Recently, the Palladium has been home to a number of other successful shows. Barnum with Michael Crawford ran from 1981 to 1983; Singin' in the Rain with Tommy Steele from 1983 to 1985; La Cage aux Folles from 1986 to 1987. Dean Martin and Rudolf Nureyev were among others who performed there last year. Now, after the recent departure of the musical Zeigfeld, the theatre is preparing for the 'Allo ',4110 cast's imminent arrival. The Palladium lives on... wr
is your cup of tea?
ORIGINAL
ORIGINAL
111PER1.1 1 ;LE''f )
W hichever pack you choose, whatever A lpen taste you prefer, you'll find the quality and enjoyment of your altogether tastier breakfast cereal perfectly complemented by the delicate flavour of Ridgways Imperial Blend tea. Look for the free offer on all special packs of A lpen Original, A lpen with Tropical Fruit and New A lpen No A dded Sugar and send for your 80's pack of Ridgways tea bags chosen from the exclusive Imperial Blend range. A lpen and Ridgways together offer you a start to the day that will be justyour cup of tea.
Alpen. Altogether a tastier breakfast. TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
IMPERIA L 'BLEW
Ridgways. Teas of character Imperial A unique blend Refreshing
at all times of the day. Breakfast A special blend of Assam and Kenya with a distinctive 'Malty' flavour. Kenya 1 A rich bright colour and full rounded flavour. Ceylon Golden leaves selected for their delicate, light and fragrant flavour.
109
things get on top of you
alms
the natural ingredients in Kalms can help you relax TABLETS We all have times of worry, stress and strain. But some people seem better able to cope than others. If things get on top of you, there is a natural, herbal remedy to help you relax and get things back in perspective.
Kalms is a blend of four herbs that have helped generations of people weather life's storms. Kalms helps soothe away tenseness, strain, irritability, and it is nonhabit forming. Kalms help you cope. Naturally.
Relieves periods of nerve strain and tenseness,so allowing restful sleep.
A gentle blend of herbs to help you relax. Naturally.
LCOW S -Leaders
A non habit forming natural plant remedy
in
The Ultimate Game, The Ultimate Challenge
n
Farmhouse 14-Pce. Ovenware 4- 1601-1
20 - pce Towel Bale
Slirriline Executive Case - Black 41603-8
Pine Clock (Quartz)
ifs quickestby phone
Longllotloaster or more players
Level 3 Offers an exciting game for children and by simply introducing a third dimension, creates an impressive executive challenge. Level 3 Provides real life uncertainty through a unique electronic third player. Winning is achieved by creating the most lines on or across the playing surfaces. Level 3 Has 4 stages of challenge to ensure hours of mind blowing fun. Level 3 The ultimate game, the ultimate challenge.
To Grump Ltd. 27 Holmvilte Road, Higher 8ebington, Reg No 2227545 Wirral, Merseyside L63 2FU. Garnets) at 534.95 ea. Please send me (Price includes P&P in U.K and Channel Islands) I enclose cheque/P.O. E._
Sandwich, Toaster
Coffee Maker
41613-.1
Yes Please! Send my free catalogue Fill in and send complete advertisement to: without obligation plus details of how my Littlewoods, FREEPOST, gift choice can be mine FREE when I Bolton BL3 5YZ-7 start shopping with you. ( I am over 18 ) Please tick your choice of gift
(no cash please)
or charge my Access card. Signed
Block Letters Please
Card No. Card expiry date: Month:
Year:
n11
nn nI n
n WITH nittlewoods r 48 HOURS DELIVERY n ___A, SERVICE AVAILABLE n n n 1 r.
(Block capitals please) Name:
POS1code
Address: Post code:
Order using the coupon opposite or call 051-608 0555 and state your Access Card No. Please allow up to 28 days for delivery. We guarantee a furl refund if not delighted on receipt and returned undamaged within 10 days.
11.1111
4- 1611-1
Level 3 The exciting new game for two
The widest Tray to recast ycw Cataltgue is!, Arena 0204 flialton1391511 stalIng the Name ald tilgOer of your Free Gll Chalte.
20) 27 Hoimville Road, Higher Sebington, Wirral, Merseyside L63 ZPU.
HOME SHOPPING , Haveyou a phone? YES ❑ NO ❑, Applications from BFPO and N. Ireland most welcome. The 'milt to refuse any apphcahon antVer change the one . reserved
II.
SPEZ/VERY
DonlyronyatoatCatabgereorgcodsdelimrybecauserelurreouronn NaliormideliataelefneryServce- accdscanbe delivered in48 boars Plan rash
III 11.1 Liltiosoods Warehouses Ltd...I. M. Centre. Old Hall Street. Liverpool X 170 106 Beg. No 637089 London III 1111
es
Tune into our television/radio/alarm clock for £99.95
take it an
THE
ionel Blair, star of Give Us A Clue, which comes back to the screen next week, and soon to be seen on the panel of W hat's My Line, was delighted to try out our latest offer The System' by Sunagor - a portable lightweight black and white television with AM/FM radio and alarm clock facility. In fact Lionel's six-year-old son, Matthew, wouldn't part with it once he'd seen it. You can take 'The System' anywhere - its built-in-telescopic aerial ensures superb TV or radio reception indoors or out. Use it in the bedroom, kitchen, garden, park, office, or even the car. Susan, Lionel's attractive wife, was taken with the idea that she need never miss a tennis match again. 'The System' is powered either by batteries or 240V mains, 12V DC (car cigarette lighter cord supplied). 'The System' even features a built-in battery-charger. The built-in clock allows the TV or radio to switch on or off automatically, so you can use it as an alarm to wake you with a choice of TV, radio or alarm bleep. Similarly, you can set the TV or radio to switch off automatically. The clock can be illuminated for night use. 'The System' measures 10Ain wide X 51/2in high x 71/2in deep and weighs just 51b. It costs £99.95 and comes with clear instructions and full guarantee. Batteries are not included. Lionel has bagged The System' for his dressing room when he stars as Buttons in Cinderella at the Kings Theatre, Southsea this Christmas - if Matthew will let him borrow it! We believe you'll be as thrilled as the Blair family with 'The System'. It's not yet available in the shops, so send for yours today!
TELL
here at
The Blair family: totally at home with `The System' To TVTimes 'System' Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB Please indicate number required Price includes VAT and delivery. Please allow 28 days for delivery from receipt of order. Offer closes subject to availability. No req Cost Item The System @ £9995 Total cost
How to order Fill in the coupon with number required and send it, together with your cross cheque and made payable to Independent Television Publications Ltd, to TVTimes The System' Offer, PO Box 501, Leicester LE99 OAB. Access and Visa card holders may order direct by telephoning Market Harborough (0850) 410510. If you are in any way dissatisfied, return the goods within 14 days and a full refund or replacement will be sent to you.
TVTIMES 22-28 October 1988
Value £ I enclose cheque No Pleae debit my Access/Visa card (delete where not applicable) Account No Signature. Name Address Postcode BLOCK LETTERS, PLEASE
111
❑
udging from the amount of fan mail he receives, Andi Peters has made a big impact as the presenter of ITV's children's programme, Freetime. And his young viewers are more than happy to share their hobbies with the enthusiastic, good-natured Peters, who at 18, admits to enjoying the chance of a second childhood. 'I have a great time travelling around the country joining in the fun,' he says. Tye tackled things that rve never done before - such as the time I went riding - and rve learned a thing or two about coin collections, lizards and Lego.' Andi had, in fact, just returned
from Denmark where he'd been filming in the famous Legoland. 'Unfortunately, it was a rather wet day and there weren't many children around - and those I did interview didn't speak English!' Before joining the Thames Television team, however, Andi had plenty of practice at holding the attention of a critical teenage audience. As a DJ for Radio Top Shop in the large Oxford Circus branch of London's West End, he knew all about the whims of a youthful general public. 'In the music business, you have to be very alert to shifts of allegiance and know which new talent has the pulling power. rm still involved with the music for Freetime: I get to choose all the records.' By the very nature of his work, Suits are 'a very good investment'. This one is £130 from Next branches. W ool jumper, £17.99 and hat, £19.99, both from Marks & Spencer. Silk cravat, £19.99 from Zy. Belt, EZO from Moss Bros
'11110% , 7 like to wear Denim now and again it's fashion that never dates and always looks good in a rough and ready way,' says Andi. Cotto shirts by fled Perry, £15.99 from sports shops and department stores. Denim jacket, £49.99 from Zy branches. Denim jeans by Ciao, £49 from Zy. The shoes are Audi's very own
ITV, Fridays Freetime
ANDI PETERS The voice
who became alum Andi Peters, Treetime' front-man, was plucked from relative obscurity as a DJ in a W est End chain store and given the real chance Ata lifetime as a TV presenter. This week he gets another lucky break when, with the help offashion writer JANET IMPEY , lw models some of his favourite outfits. Pictures MARTIN PALMER
Andi Peters is image conscious and not just about clothes. `rm very aware that children could use me as a role model, so I suppose you could describe me as clean living,' he grins. 'I don't smoke and I don't drink alcohol, but that doesn't stop me enjoying myself!' His clothes reflect his bubbly personality, 'I live in casual separates while rm working, but rm not averse to a few sharp suits, as long as they don't look too formal,' says the lad from Balham, south London. He still lives at home with his sister and two brothers, so there's little chance of his successful television debut making him too big for his boots. 'My only regret is that rm so busy tracking other people's hobbies that I don't have any free time for my own.'
wr
Above: 'My idea of a comfortable outfit.' Cotton shirt, £17.99 from Henries branches. Suede jacket by ID, £79.99 from Burton. Trousers by Ciao, £66 from Moss Bros. Belt, £16.99 from Zy. And a 'great outfit for someone like me who's always on the go,' includes that fantastic 'Fifties look', (left). Jacket by Ciao, £122 from Moss Bros. Cotton denim shirr, £14-99 from Zy. Trousers by Ciao, £58 from Moss Bros. Belt, £9-99 from The Tie Rack branches
'Casual jackets are fine but it's the choice of tie which stops them looking staid.' Tweed jacket, £59•99 from Hennes branches. Cotton shirt, £14.99 from Burton. Trousers by Ciao, £58 from Moss Bros. Silk tie by CM CM, £7.99 from The Tie Rack. Belt by Croquet, around £20 from Moss Bros
113
• sold direct at HALF the = approximately
of comparative size glass greenhouses
AND it's clad with the wonder material, ultra violet stabilised Flexi
ALL PRICES INCLUDE VAT. AND DELIVERY TO YOUR DOOR
5 FOR ONLY 99p1
GLASS-CLEAR POLY VINYL CHLORIDE SHEETING Which retains = heat better than glass but -=CANNOT = BREAK like glass=
THANK GOODNESS FOR SPAR.
All sizes quoted are = approx. Fully illustrated step by = step instructions = supplied with = all models. =
ROTUNDA ==
Height 8ft. 2ins. = Dia. 6ft.
- GREENHOUSES 7' 6" WIDE. 7FT HIGH
_ = _ = = =
FAMILY 5ft (1-Vent) £55 ESTATE 71/2ft(1-Vent) £70 GROWER 10ft (2 Vents)£85 NURSERYMAN15ft (4 Vents)£110
£75 AN — ELEGANT = OCTAGONAL = REENHOUSE = ,WITH BUILT-IN = lir STAGING — =
7 SPACE SAVING LEAN TO'S =7 FROME39
=
For a wall site we = have the traditional 7=1- style lean-to. = All 5' wide 7' high. Doors fit either end. = 5' Long (1-Vent) £39 = 10' Long (2-Vents) £60
GREENHOUSE = STAGING TAKES STANDARD SEED 3i ° TRAYS FITS ALL = + MODELS
59" ----'– '1;
HEAT YOUR GREENHOUSE WITH A CHEAP TO RUN GROWARM HEATER
GARDEN FRAME 4' 6" wide x 2' 5" deep 72-72 2'2" high -
a.- at back
= WITH CLASS 1 FIRE CERTIFICATE MINI
= 4' x 2' 6"
GALVANISED STEEL FRAMES CLAD WITH °ARK GREEN SOUARE PROFILE RIGID PVC
NO FOUNDAT1ONS-NO PAINTING NO MAINTENANCE-ROT/ROST PROOF
1 £99
=7- UTILITY MK 2 7' 6 "x 6,(includes) window --1. = = WORKSHOP MK 2E1 20 includes = 7' 6" x 7' 6" ,w window and clear F.- BARN 10' x 7' 6" roof panels = = 17'3" x 9'9" x 8'6" high £350 = GARAGES MAJOR STANDARD 12'3" x 9'9" x 8'6" high £275
£158
ALL 7ft. H GH w'th doub e doors.
AN EXTRA ROOM TO YOUR HOUSE FOR = Expand your living space .
Have a Garden Room. Al are 7' 6" wide and 7' 9' = high at back and 6' at front COTTAGE 7' 6" Long = COUNTY 10' Long
£
NHM Griston Road, Watton, Norfolk IP25 6DL PLEASE SUPPLY I enclose £ No. is NAME ADDRESS
or my AccessNisa card
-11111W
S PAR NEAR FOR NEARLY EVERYTHING
OPEN WHEN YOU NEED US MOST. A 10. 28 cl.Tis la? dewen, Norfolk Horheugural Manufacture , 5 Reg UK No 1338259
TVT19/10
Product subject to availability until 29th October where you see the 'Open when you need us most - door
sign
s
Getting read-y for Christmas
tars in your stockin W orried about this year's Christmas presents? Look no further — there's something for everyone in the 1989 collection from ITV Books
How TO MAKE AWILL AND ARRANGE A FUNERAL. This FREE book answers your questions.
id you know that Fiona Fullerton's most cherished possession was a battered old teddy bear, or that Claire Raynefs favourite memory is being pulled out of the rubble (after being buried for 28 hours) during an airraid in 1940? These and other delightful insights into your favourite TV celebrities can be found in W ho's W ho On Television (£7.95), available at all bookshops. Inside, you'll find 1000 names and photographs of the most famous faces on British television. The new fourth edition also includes a special section, Unforgettables, that recalls such memorable personalities as Irene Handl, Eric Morecambe, Noele Gordon and Sid James. Plus, it's packed full of contact addresses, agents, birthdays and career details - a must for all telly addicts. Planning a party? More than 250 gastronomic delights from your favourite stars are featured in the new TVTimes A ll Star Cookery by Jill Cox (£10.95). Learn how to rustle up Dame Edna's Saddle of Dingo, or find out how Derek Jameson serves up an Exclusive. Covering starters, main courses, desserts, Christmas and party fare, A ll Star Cookery, published by Boxtree in association with ITV Books, can be found in bookshops everywhere. For kids, there's the great new
TVTIMES 22 28 October 1988 -
W ide A wake Club A nnual 1989 and the Look-In Television Annual 1989, both crammed full of your children's favourite TV stars. Priced at just £3.75 each, and available from newsagents and stationers they are perfect stocking fillers. Look-In's exciting mixture of features, pop pin-ups, puzzles and picture strips will keep them engrossed for hours - and they can find out all about Bros, Cannon and Ball, Gary Lineker, Five Star, A.L.F. and many others.. Of course, the only way to describe the new W ide A wake Club A nnual 1989 is `utterly, utterly brilliant'! Based on the awardwinning TV-am programme, it makes the perfect present for all kids interested in puzzles, things to make and do, and pop interviews with stars such as Marti from Wet, Wet, Wet and Shakin' Stevens. Finally, don't forget to make a date with the bright new TVTimes 1989 Diary. It's perfect for recording all those important dates, anniversaries and appointments. A weekly section on stars' birthdays means you can find out which of your favourite TV stars shares your special day. A nd you can discover stars' tips on holidays, food, home, health and beauty - all for only £3.25. It's available from all good stationers and newsagents, or through the circulation department at TVTimes on 01-323 3222. 1VT
No-one likes to think about making their final arrangements. l'ft/k„ Yet it's very important that all .„,\‘\t your affairs are concluded in the way that you want them to be. Now there's an invaluable free guide to making a Will and arranging a funeral, published by Sun Life. In sympathetic, easy to understand language, this free book answers all your questions and provides positive, practical advice. One aspect of those final arrangements which worries many people is the cost of a decent funeral. With your free book, Sun Life will send full details of particular plans which may be appropriate to your circumstances. But there's no obligation of any kind on your part, no-one will call on you at home. Your free book is yours to keep whether or not you are interested in the plan details we send. Send for your free copy today. No stamp is needed. If you have any queries call us on our SERVICELINE 0800 37-37-30 at no cost to you. Sun Life Direct Marketing Limited, One Bridewell Street, Bristol BSI 2QD. POST TODAY NO STAMP NEEDED. To: Sun Life Direct Marketing Limited, P.O. Box 529, FREEPOST, Bristol BS99 1SL Please send me my FREE copy of "Your Guide to Making a Will and Arranging a Funeral; together with full details of any plans which may be appropriate. I understand I am under no obligation of any kind, that no-one will call on me at home and that the free book is mine to keep. Surname (Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss)
BLOCK LETTERS PLEASE
Helping you through life 12 j
â?‘ ITV, Tuesday and Thursday: The Bill
Barbara Thorn has been mad about acting since she was picked for the school play. Her new-found success in 'The Bill' means that the years of struggling have now paid off but, as she tells CORDELL MARK S, there were struggles a-plenty
As Inspector Frazer, Barbara's a force to be reckoned with - but she'd hate the job in real life he was driven to the Savoy Hotel, where we had drinks, and then afterwards chauffeured home to her modest one-bedroom flat in a Neighbourhood Watch area of south-east London. For Barbara Thorn, an actress who has been struggling for 15 years, with only candle-powered flickers of success, there are treats to be had now that she is a regular in ITV's The Bill, playing Inspector Christine Frazer. There are the cars to deliver her to appointments, invitations to open fetes, and fan letters from women viewers delighted to see an actress playing a character who is also a boss. (There are occasional letters from men disapproving of that fact, but as Barbara Thorn quite rightly says: 'That's their problem.') She is likely to be in the series for at least a year and the greatest treat, she says, is that she can rise each morning and go to work as an actress. 'After all the struggles, that's a wonderful feeling. There's never been anything else I've wanted. I've been passionate about acting since I was in the first
116
school play. I've been completely single-minded about it, but rm 34 now and it does become more and more difficult to keep persisting as you grow older. 'You see friends in other jobs progressing up their ladders, but an actor doesn't really have a career structure. You just hope that one day there'll be a lucky break. I was out of work for 10 months once and that's terribly depressing. You have to invent things in your day to get you out of bed. You have to think of the situation long-term. I could have done something else, but could I have lived with myself when I was 65? 'rd have gone on pushing even if The Bill hadn't happened. But it has - lucky break time - and yes, I'll have a gin and tonic.' There were tears when she told her mother she had the part. We both ended up crying. Relief really. My parents were very moved because they'd been through all my ups and downs. The night my first episode of The Bill went out, my brother and parents all gathered together and we had a wonderful cake and champagne. No, no one else in the family acts. I
6 If men
disapprove of women bosses, that's their problem think my mother would haVe liked to. My father's a sales manager and my brother sells bricks. New or second hand bricks? I don't know. My brother isn't very forthcoming about his bricks.' As a treat to herseff, she flew to Kentucky a few months ago to see a friend she was with at drama school. She travelled alone. 'The best way to travel. I've always been brought up to fend for myself. And from working in this business I know how to stand in my corner and fight. I've always wanted to stay in control of my own life, which is probably why I've never got near to marriage. I've had some strong relationships, but as I've grown older there have always been other things I've
wanted to achieve. Female liberation, I suppose. rm not anti-marriage, but the thought of it doesn't gnaw away at me. I was never one of those girls at school who just had to have a boyfriend. I wouldn't rule out marriage, but I do enjoy life as it is at the moment.' A woman writer described Barbara as having the bearing of a netball captain and slightly schoolmarmy looks. But though as Inspector Frazer her eyes can laser a look of dissatisfaction that could turn a police constable to stone, she comes across as much jollier than that. 'Netball captain. Schoolmarmy looks,' she says slowly. 'Hmmm. Well, I'm glad you don't think so. I suppose I'm quite an organised person, though
and friends do say rm bossy. My mother says rm bossy.' Before the series, she spent time with a woman chief inspector from Notting Hill Gate. 'You realise that though they're dealing with the most awful of crimes, they don't get hardened to it. I remember she was talking about a local rapist and she talked as a woman who could relate precisely to what it means, the enormous fear and the terrible suffering of such a crime. Before, I'd thought of the police as superhuman, but they can be as vulnerable as the rest of us. Good policewomen, and policemen, can be very caring, though understandably they don't suffer fools gladly. 'I wouldn't like to earn my living like that at all. I'm sure the rewards can be great, helping people, making lives better, but so much of it I'd find too upsetting and I'd get too emotionally involved. Much of the job is horrible. Accidents, breaking the news to relatives, even having to deal with drunks - it takes someone special to work in the police force.' Inspector Christine Frazer would agree with every word...
22-28 October 1988 TVTIMES
EIS VOUCHER
K. C01,75
Post Code Return to MARSHALL WARD, FREEPOST, LONDON ROAD, PRESTON PRI ..tER. OR OIAL.A.CATALOGUE PHONE 061.273 7171 end quote the Dept. No. for the gift of your choice. The right to refuse rho application is reserved. Starts one landed and we reserve the right to supply o suitable alterreive where necessary to ovoid dcsopprontmerd. as
X Marshall Ward
""PRIZES i v re • ft'
Llhe smart way to save money. 11111 .
_J
"
Durable, lightweight high power spray: Useful for clearnng the car, patio or windows. With FREE soap.
£5. 99
Morphy Richards Cordless Iran gives fatal freedom in ironing, with dry or steam spray
f9.99
£9. 99
Fitness Cycle. Light, foldable and easy to store. Use for all the family for toning muscles and increased vitality.
BOOKING . FORM
full price tickets at £ Please reserve and children/senior citizens tickets at £ for the pm performance on (day and date). 2nd choice if not available pm on Name (Mr/Mrs/Miss) Address
Telephone No: (DAY)
FITNESS 71 CYCLE N3174 L-1
F 1
CLOCK ❑ N3I75 L-1 RADIO 53177 L—I
Arnin Fast free delivery. Phone 7 days a week on (02741 579335 for your catalogue Vie quoting the gift number of your choice. We reserve the ri g ht to refuse
POST TODAY NO STAMP NEEDED. Grattan, Freepost, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD99 78R
any opplication and/o change the design of the offer.
POST CODE
itolwa.444
Miriam Stoppard 247 Tottenham Court Road London W 1P OAU Sound advice If you have a relative or special friend about to go into hospital, do make sure that the staff are told if he or she has a nickname. My brotherin-law went into a coma after an operation and didn't respond to the name William, as since he was tiny he has been called Ron. Once the nurses found this out, he began to improve and with time and patience should make a full recovery. Mrs H R Hardy W are, Hertfordshire
This is a very good tip and doesn't apply just to names. A ll kinds of familiar sounds, either live or recorded, can speed recovery and cut down a patient's time in regaining consciousness. Play a favourite piece of music or the sound of some special hobby, like tennis balls bouncing over the net or horses' hooves clip-clopping. Record the bark or miaow of the patient's pet. V aried voices can be helpful, so encourage as many relatives and friends to take turns to sit by the bedside and talk. (A best friend is ideal) For some reason we do not understand, sound seems to get very deep into the brain, stirring up all kinds of memories and bringing back consciousness.
I want a son Can you please tell me if it is possible to influence the sex of a baby at conception? We are already parents of two lovely little girls, but it is my husband's dearest wish to have a son Marilyn Fielding Colchester, Essex
Y es, it is possible, though by no means foolproof. In the past, sons were so valued that all kinds of tricks were devised to have a male baby. Some ancient writings, including the Bible, give advice which today sounds like witchcraft. Here are a couple more practical tips. Make a note of the day you ovulate (14 days after the day your last period started). Have a few days' abstinence from love-making
11
8
It's my life, too As a 14-year-old girl of recently divorced parents, I am experiencing great conflict with my father. He expects to see me and my sisters on the day he suggests and gets hurt when we refuse. Could I appeal to all fathers and mothers who live away from their teenage children to remember that we, too, have lives to lead. It is often centred on the friends who comforted us while our parents were too emotionally involved in their own problems. We are not making excuses if we say we are busy, but stressful evenings being asked about school and what the other parent is up to are not much fun. How can we tell them without hurting their feelings? Debbie R Harrogate, Yorkshire
I am sending you £10 for my Topic of the W eek. Y our father is making the mistake of treating you like the children you used to be, which is unreasonable of him. This may stem from natural insecurity after the divorce, but the best way to show him you are adults is to act as if you are. .Arrange a meeting with your mother and father and tell them that though you love them and always will, present arrangements do not take into consideration the way you want to lead your lives. Say they should be proud of you having been mature enough to cope with the divorce, and that wanting early independence shows what a terrific job they made of bringing you up. They, too, may find those evenings heavy going and be relieved to make other arrangements. Let them put their case and listen sensibly. I am sure they will understand you need more freedom. beforehand and douche with a solution of bicarbonate of soda one teaspoon to a pint on that day. Girl babies are said to be more likely if you make love on the 12th and 13th days, and douche with a solution of very weak vinegar - one teaspoon to a pint.
My hernia hurts: For years I have suffered with indigestion, heartburn and a nasty acid taste from food I have eaten before I go to bed. Eventually, the pain behind my chest bone got so bad I went to see my doctor who arranged a barium meal. They tell me I have hiatus hernia. What does this mean, and how can I treat it? M G Sharpe
Newcastle Upon Tyne
It means that the valve
which acts as a 'divider' between your stomach and gullet has become slack, W hen you raise the pressure in your abdomen by coughing, lifting heavy weights, straining in the loo or lying down, it no longer keeps the food down. The stomach contents are acid, but although its lining is protected from burning, the gullet is not - hence that extremely unpleasant sensation. But take heart - you can help yourself quite a lot. Have a chronic cough treated, for instance, and avoid getting constipated or crying that extra carrier bag from the supermarket. A t night, prop yourself up with about four pillows; keep a glass of milk and a biscuit by the bed. Eaten and sipped slowly, these can ease the pain. Eat little and often, never overloading your
healthiest way would be to gain muscle mass by increasingly strenuous Quick query exercising. Join a local Q I am very keen to gym and ask the instructor for a recycle as much of my programme to gradually rubbish as possible, but build up different groups am not sure how to find out what to do. of muscles. It is hard A Good for you! Contact and youll need the administration offices determination, but you of your local council who should see a change will have a list of after, say, 9-12 months. If you're not prepared to locations and collection points. For names make this effort, just try and addresses of to accept yourself the organisations running re- way you are. It would be cycling schemes, send wrong if we could an sae to A ddis A -Z of change ourselves at will to conform to our own Rubbish, A ddis Ltd, personal ideas of W are Road, Hertford perfection. Our SG13 7HL. individuality is one of the most precious qualities we possess. W e should preserve it. stomach, and suck antacid tablets or sip a half glass of milk She won't pay whenever you feel When I take my new queasy.
Weight worry At 19, I am worried that I am underweight. I weigh eight and a half stone and my height is five foot ten inches. Please do not ask me to see my GP. He has already taken a blood test and said he sees nothing wrong. I do not drink or smoke, but am very anxious to gain weight in a healthy and controlled way. Hamish Glasgow
I don't think extra food is the answer. Y ou sound as if you are one of those people whose metabolism is turned up high, and no matter how much you eat, you'll burn ft off very quickly. There is no way in which we can tamper with the metabolism God gave us - indeed it would be very dangerous to try. If you're really unhappy with your shape, the
Tip of the Week
girlfriend out she never offers to pay anything towards the evening. We are both 18 and have similar jobs. How can I suggest to her that it would be a good idea? Or should I simply not expect it? Alan Harvey Colchester, Essex
Rather a ticklish subject to raise, but raise it you must. I think it's only right that if boy and girl are earning approximately the same amount of money, you go Dutch - that is, each pay half. I think you have the right to expect that. Be straightforward and cool about it. W hy not just say: Do you think we could split the expenses for the evening?' She could pay for the cinema, the disco or the petrol and you could pay for the meal. If she gets upset, well, perhaps you're better off without her. Eighty-six-year old Mrs J W att of Glasgow wins a fiver for our Tip of the W eek It was not until this autumn, when flying to visit my son in the south, I found I could book a wheelchair at the airport to transport me to and from the plane. It made all the difference to my journey.
Plea for peace I am at my wits end because my two young daughters aged two and a half and 18 months, will not go to bed and stay there. They do not go to sleep until after midnight and we can't even have a cup of coffee in peace. What can we do? Mrs AG Ludlow, Salop
I know you must long for privacy, but I can only tell you what worked for us and our two energetic sleepless toddlers. W e did not put them to bed, we let them play contentedly around our feet until they literally dropped off, usually at about 8.30pm. W e made them comfy, left them until we went to bed ourselves, and carried them to their rooms. I don't believe it matters where they sleep. W hen mine reached four or five, they toddled upstairs on their own and got into bed without us even knowing. If this doesn't sound as if it would work for you, try restricting the children's sleep during the day, give them a warm bath, a warm drink and a nottoo-exciting story at bedtime. If you really are at the end of your tether, contact Crysis, Heath Cottage, Patmore Heath, Albury, Herts SG11 zra Enclose a cheque/PO for 50p plus a large sae for a leaflet on children's sleep problems.
Stop Press The much maligned common old aspirin may turn out to be a lifesaver. A recent study confirms that if it is taken intermittently by patients who have had a heart attack, it can prevent a recurrence, It thins the blood and opens the arteries, both crucial to those people who have had one - but healthy people should leave well alone.
There's always £10 for the Topic of the Week, and £5 for a Tip of the Week. Miriam regrets that she is unable to enter into individual correspondence.
Production by Waterlow Ltd, Dunstable, C & S Studios Ltd, Luton, Petty & Sons Ltd, Leeds, Parnell & Sons Ltd, Poulton, nr Bristol, Carlisle Webb Offset, CoAkle, °awns-San Printers Ltd, Watford (Members of BPCC plc), Severn Valley Press Ltd, Caerphilly, McCorguodale Vamicoat Ltd, Pershore and Jarrold Printing, Norwich. Registered as a newspaper at the Post Office. Published by Independent Television Publications Ltd, 1988.
NATURALLY.
ESSENTIAL VITAMINS, MINERALS AND AMINO ACIDS. AND IT ALSO CONTAINS A MYSTERIOUS SUBSTANCE
UR UNIQUE FORMULATIONS: REGINA ROYAL
ENHANCED BY HONEY AND WHEATGERM OIL. REGINA ROYAL CONCORDE - FRESH ROYAL
JELLY, GINSENG. HERBS AND HONEY. SPECIALLY
WHICH STILL DEFIES SCIENTIFIC
BLENDED FOR AN INSTANT ENERGY BOOST.
ANALYSIS. SO IT CAN NEVER BE CREATED
REGINA ROYAL 5 - FRESH ROYAL JELLY,
ARTIFICIALLY. THE REMARKABLE PROPERTIES OF ROYAL JELLY WERE FIRST DISCOVERED AND DEVELOPED BY IRENE STEIN. SHE ENSURES THAT REGINA ROYAL JELLY RETAINS ALL ITS NATURAL POTENCY. UNLIKE FREEZE-DRIED SUP-
POLLEN AND VITAMIN C. BLENDED IN A HONEY BASE. IDEAL FOR ALL AGES. REGINA ROYAL JELLY & VITAMIN E CREAM - FRESH ROYAL JELLY. JOJOBA OIL AND NATURAL VITAMIN E. UNIQUELY BLENDED TOGETHER FOR SPECIALISED SKIN PROTECTION. YOUR SPECIAL INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW-LOOK
PLEMENTS. BECAUSE IT
COMES TO YOU FRESH FROM
MENTS. 10 DAYS' SUPPLY OF
THE HIVE.
THE REGINA ROYAL JELLY RANGE NOW HAS A
SULES FREE WITH EVERY PACK
DELIGHTFUL NEW LOOK. BUT YOU'LL FIND IT'S AS
OF 30, FOR JUST £12.95.
REMARKABLE AS EVER. NATURALLY.
REGINA - THE QUEEN OF ROYAL JELLY.
P
LEASE TELL ME MORE ABOUT REGINA ROYAL JELLY. WITH DETAILS
OF MY NEAREST STOCKIST.
| i don't know |
There were two years in the twentieth century when two General Elections were held in the UK. One was 1910. When was the other? | Where we come from
Where we come from
Prepared by the Liberal Democrat History Group
The Liberal Democrats are the successors to two great reformist traditions in British politics – those of liberalism and of social democracy, which became separated from each other in the early part of the twentieth century, but are now reunited, in the shape of the Liberal Democrats. This page provides a concise history of the Liberal Party, SDP and Liberal Democrats; for a longer version, see the website of the Liberal Democrat History Group at www.liberalhistory.org.uk .
Origins
Whilst the history of the Liberal Democrats stretches back 150 years to the formation of the Liberal Party in 1859, Liberal political thought goes back a further 200 years to the ferment of the English Civil War and the struggles with the monarchy over the power of Parliament. The following century saw the gradual establishment of two parliamentary groupings, the Whigs and the Tories. Broadly speaking, the Tories were defenders of the Crown and the established Anglican Church, while the Whigs drew their inspiration from the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which established the supremacy of parliament over the monarchy.
In the late eighteenth century the revolt of the American Colonies and the French Revolution opened up a renewed debate about the ideological basis of government. Under Charles James Fox, the Whigs resisted Pitt’s authoritarian measures during the Napoleonic Wars and a prolonged period in opposition also encouraged them to embrace a more popular agenda, in the form of religious toleration and electoral reform. A Whig government under Lord Grey passed the Great Reform Act of 1832, which began the process of extending the franchise and, also, the need for politicians to engage with both ordinary electors and radical elements outside Parliament.
Out of this process grew the political parties that we recognise today. The Conservative Party came into existence in 1835 but it took longer for a cohesive liberal party to emerge. Uneasy alliances between the aristocratic Whigs and the middle-class liberals, elected after 1832 to represent the newly enfranchised industrial regions, could not be relied upon. There was also the problem of how to accommodate radical opinion, barely represented in the Commons. The glue to bind the various factions together was provided by the Peelites, a small but influential band of free-trade Conservatives who broke with their party in 1846 over the abolition of the Corn Laws (duties on the imports of grain). Free trade, which appealed both to the radicals and the working classes (because it kept food cheap) and the industrial manufacturers (because it made it easier for them to export) became a pre-eminent Liberal cause well into the twentieth century.
The Liberal ascendancy
The Liberal Party finally came together on 6 June 1859, when Whigs, Peelites and Radicals met at Willis’ Rooms in St. James, London, to agree to overthrow a minority Conservative government. The Liberals governed Britain for most of the following thirty years, benefiting from further extensions of the franchise in 1867 and 1885.
Liberal leader and four-times Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone dominated British politics. In the 1850s he established his reputation for prudent financial innovation by sweeping away tariffs in the interests of free trade, replacing taxes on goods and customs duties with income tax, and by establishing parliamentary accountability for government spending. Gladstone won strong support from Nonconformists for his attitude to religious questions, which at that time deeply affected basic liberties and education. After victory in the 1868 general election, Gladstone’s government disestablished the Church of Ireland, passed the first Education Act and established the secret ballot.
Gladstone returned to power in 1880, partly because of the renown he had won for defending the rights of oppressed minorities in the Balkans. The Liberal government became increasingly concerned with bringing peace to Ireland, where sectarian differences and economic problems were intermingled. Gladstone made an unsuccessful attempt to navigate a home rule bill on to the statute book, and in the process split the Liberal Party, losing the 1886 election and keeping the party out of power for the next twenty years, apart from a minority administration in 1892–95.
Ireland was not the only source of dissension. There was no obvious successor to Gladstone and when he eventually retired in 1894, his replacement, Lord Rosebery, proved to be weak and indecisive. The party was split between those who thought the government should keep out of economic and social affairs and those – the ‘New Liberals’ – who argued for intervention to help the poorer sections of society. The new leader Henry Campbell-Bannerman helped heal the rifts in the party, and led it to the spectacular electoral landslide of 1906, exploiting Conservative splits over free trade and education. A further factor, secret at the time, was an electoral pact with the new Labour Party, which ensured that the impact of the progressive vote was maximised.
The Liberal government of 1906–15 was one of the great reforming administrations of the twentieth century. Led by towering figures such as Asquith, Lloyd George and Churchill, it laid the foundations of the modern welfare state. Labour exchanges were introduced, old-age pensions were paid by the state for the first time, and the national insurance system was created. This was the realisation of the New Liberal programme – removing the shackles of poverty, unemployment and ill health so as to allow people to be free to exercise choice and realise opportunity.
From the outset the Liberals had difficulty passing legislation through the Tory-dominated House of Lords. The crunch came when the Lords rejected Lloyd George’s 1909 ‘People’s Budget’, which introduced a supertax on high earners to raise revenue for social expenditure and naval rearmament. Two elections were fought in 1910 on the issue of ‘the peers versus the people’. In both, the Liberals triumphed, but lost their majority, remaining in power with the support of Labour and Irish Nationalist MPs. In 1911, with the King primed to create hundreds of new Liberal peers if necessary, the Lords capitulated and the primacy of the House of Commons was definitively established.
Decline
The strains of fighting the First World War, however, brought the Liberal ascendancy to an end. The disastrous split in 1916 over the direction of the war, which saw Lloyd George supplant Asquith as Prime Minister, left the Liberal Party divided and demoralised. In the 1918 and 1922 elections, factions led by the two former colleagues fought each other. The party’s grassroots organisation fell apart, allowing the Labour Party to capture the votes of the new working-class and women voters enfranchised in 1918; many of those who could later be identified as social democrats left the Liberals for the more evidently successful progressive alternative, the Labour Party.
The Liberals reunited around the old cause of free trade to fight the 1923 election, which left them holding the balance of power in the Commons. Asquith’s decision to support a minority Labour government, however, placed the party in an awkward position and effectively polarised the political choice between Conservatives and Labour; the disastrous 1924 election relegated the party to a distant third place as the electorate increasingly opted for a straight choice between the other two parties.
Despite a renewed burst of energy under Lloyd George, which saw the party fight the 1929 general election on a radical platform of Keynesian economics, the Liberals were by then too firmly established as the third party to achieve much influence on government. They split again in the 1930s, in the wake of the upheaval brought by the Great Depression, and continued to decline, although the party participated in Churchill’s wartime coalition.
By 1957 there were only five Liberal MPs left, and just 110 constituencies had been fought at the previous general election. Despite the political irrelevance of the party itself, however, the huge impact of the Liberal thinkers Keynes and Beveridge, whose doctrines underpinned government social and economic policy for much of the post-war period, showed that Liberalism as an intellectual force was still alive and well.
Revival
Revival came with the election of Jo Grimond as party leader in 1956. His vision and youthful appeal were well suited to the burgeoning television coverage of politics, and he was able to capitalise on growing dissatisfaction with the Conservatives, in power since 1951. In 1958, the Liberal Party won its first by-election for thirty years, at Torrington in Devon, and in 1962, Eric Lubbock (later Lord Avebury) won the sensational by-election victory of Orpington. Although the upswing receded under Wilson’s Labour government in the 1960s, a second revival came in the 1970s with Jeremy Thorpe as leader, peaking in the two general elections of 1974, with 19 and 18 per cent of the vote (though only 14 and 13 seats, respectively, in Parliament).
One reason for the revival in Liberal fortunes was the development of community politics, in which Liberal activists campaigned intensively to empower local communities. This strategy was formally adopted by the party in 1970 and contributed to a steady growth in local authority representation, and a number of parliamentary by-election victories.
Following Labour’s defeat in the 1979 election, the internecine strife and growing success of the left within the party alienated many MPs and members. Moderate Labour leaders had worked with the Liberal Party during the referendum on membership of the European Community, and during the Lib-Lab Pact which kept Labour in power in 1977–78. On 26 March 1981 a number of them broke away from Labour to found the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The new party attracted members of both the Labour and Conservative parties and also brought many people into politics for the first time. The Liberal Party and SDP formed the Alliance later the same year, agreeing to fight elections on a common platform with joint candidates.
The Alliance’s political impact was immediate, wining a string of by-election victories and topping the opinion polls for months. The two parties won 25 per cent of the vote in the 1983 general election, the best third-party performance since 1929, and only just behind Labour, on 27 per cent.
The Alliance gained further by-election victories in the 1983–87 Parliament, and made significant progress in local government, but tension between the leaderships of the two parties also became apparent. David Owen, the SDP’s leader from 1983, was personally less sympathetic towards the Liberals under David Steel than had been his predecessor Roy Jenkins, and was also more determined to maintain a separate (and in practice more right-wing) identity for his party; differences emerged most notably on defence. The Alliance’s share of the vote dropped to 23 per cent in the 1987 general election.
A new party
The Alliance parties spent the following eight months in lengthy negotiations over merger; the new party’s constitution and even its name both proved to be subjects of sometimes bitter controversy. The Social & Liberal Democrats were born on 3 March 1988, with Paddy Ashdown elected as the party’s first leader in July. Owen led a significant faction of Social Democrats opposed to merger, but after a couple of encouraging by-election results, the ‘continuing SDP’ declined into irrelevance and wound itself up in 1990.
After a difficult birth, the new party suffered a troubled infancy. Membership, morale and finances all suffered from the in-fighting over merger; the nadir was reached in the 1989 European elections, when the party secured just 6 per cent of the vote, being beaten decisively into fourth place by the Green Party. The merger did allow the resolution of the policy differences highlighted by the Alliance, however, and agreement was finally reached on ‘Liberal Democrats’ as the party name.
Under Ashdown’s leadership, slowly the party recovered. In 1990 the Liberal Democrats re-established themselves on the political scene by winning the Eastbourne by-election, and local election advances resumed in 1991. In the 1992 general election the party won 18 per cent of the vote and 20 seats. Paddy Ashdown was consistently described in opinion polls as the most popular party leader, and the party’s policies, especially its pledge to raise income tax to invest extra resources in education, and its clear commitment to environmentalism, were widely praised.
Five years of weak and unpopular Conservative government after 1992 paved the way for further advances. In 1995, the Liberal Democrats became the second party of local government, and in many urban areas became the main opposition to Labour. The party won its first-ever seats in the European Parliament in 1994, and by-election successes continued, even after Tony Blair’s election as Labour leader, which had seen many political commentators predicting that New Labour would destroy the Liberal Democrats. In the 1997 election, the party won 46 seats, the highest number won by a third party since 1929. Whilst its overall share of the vote fell slightly, to 17 per cent, ruthless targeting of resources on winnable constituencies showed how the detrimental effects of the first-past-the-post electoral system could be countered.
Ashdown saved the party from oblivion; but the more controversial part of his legacy was ‘the project’, his attempt to work with Labour to defeat the Conservatives’ seemingly endless political hegemony. Ashdown and Blair even discussed a formal coalition between their parties, but the scale of Labour’s triumph in 1997 made such an arrangement impossible. Nevertheless, a pre-election agreement on constitutional reform helped ensure that the Blair government introduced devolution for Scotland and Wales, started to reform the House of Lords and brought in proportional representation for European elections. Blair’s refusal to stick to his commitment to hold a referendum on electoral reform for Westminster, however, helped convince Ashdown that the project was finished, and he stood down as leader in August 1999 – after seeing the party’s representation in the European Parliament rise from two to ten MEPs (the largest national contingent in the European Liberal group), and a Labour – Liberal Democrat coalition established in the new Scottish Parliament (followed by a similar coalition in the Welsh Assembly in 2000).
Changing leaders
From the outset Ashdown’s successor, Charles Kennedy, was less inclined to work with Labour, focusing instead on replacing the Conservatives as the principal party of opposition. The Liberal Democrats began to benefit from the electorate’s disillusionment with New Labour, gaining ground in by-elections and local elections, and increasing their vote share in the 2001 general election to 18 per cent, with six net gains.
The terrorist attacks in the US on 11th September 2001, and the Labour government’s decision to join the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, transformed the political situation. The Liberal Democrats were the only one of the three main parties to oppose the war, and also to attack the steady infringements of civil liberties perpetuated by New Labour in the name of the war on terror. The party’s policy platform was popular and distinctive, with its critique of over-centralised and micro-managed public services, its proposals for a fairer tax system, its consistent support for strong environmental policies, and its opposition to Labour’s introduction of tuition fees for university students.
By-election and local election gains continued, and the Liberal Democrats emerged from the 2005 general election with 62 seats, the highest number of Liberal MPs since 1923, and 22 per cent of the vote. Despite this, there was a widespread feeling amongst party members that in the wake of a deeply unpopular war, and with the Conservatives still not mounting effective opposition, they should have done better. Amidst mounting dissatisfaction with Kennedy’s laid-back leadership style, MPs became increasingly concerned over the party’s drift and lack of direction, and also the leader’s rumoured alcoholism. Following two attempts to persuade Kennedy to resign, he finally stood down in January 2006. In March, Sir Menzies Campbell, the party’s deputy leader, was elected as the third leader of the Liberal Democrats.
The Campbell leadership, which lasted just nineteen months, was not, in general, a happy period. Campbell was a well-respected foreign affairs spokesman, but found it difficult to adjust to the rough and tumble of Prime Minister’s questions. Although he restored a sense of purpose and professionalism to the party organisation and drove through important reforms of party policy, local election results under his leadership were not encouraging. The party’s slide in the opinion polls throughout 2007 caused panic amongst some parliamentarians and led to a systematic undermining of his leadership. Prime Minister Gordon Brown’s decision not to call an election in autumn 2007 signalled the end, and Campbell announced his resignation in October.
After a hard-fought election, Nick Clegg narrowly beat Chris Huhne for the leadership; both men had been MEPs from 1999 to 2004, and both had been newly elected to the House of Commons in 2005.
Into government
Clegg’s assumption of the leadership stopped the slide in the opinion polls and stabilised party morale, and the Liberal Democrats performed strongly in the local elections in 2008 and 2009. However, the world-wide credit crunch and the bail-out of a series of major banks by the government in 2008–09 resulted in a major deterioration in British public finances, and a transformation in the political scene.
Liberal Democrat policy clearly had to change: the party’s 1990s’ pledge of higher public expenditure in key areas was no longer viable, and Labour’s record of costly, ineffective and increasingly centralised public services measures had in any case undermined support for central state activity.
This process led to some tensions within the party, particularly between the so-called ‘economic liberals’ (aligned with the proposals published in 2004 in The Orange Book: Reclaiming Liberalism), who argued for a smaller state and less government intervention, and the so-called ‘social liberals’ who in their turn pointed to the need for continued government action, in particular to reduce inequality and deal with the growing environmental challenge (set out in 2007 in Reinventing the State: Social Liberalism for the 21st Century). The divisions between the two groups were never as hard and fast, or as deep-rooted, as the media liked to pretend, however, and in general the leadership won support for its proposals for cutting the public deficit and prioritising public expenditure more sharply.
The Liberal Democrats entered the 2010 election with a programme based on fairness, including redistributive taxation, a ‘pupil premium’ to improve school education for children from poorer families, an economic stimulus package focused on low-carbon investment, and a far-reaching programme of political and constitutional reform. After a dramatic campaign, featuring the country’s first-ever television debates between the three main party leaders – in which Nick Clegg performed strongly – and wild swings in the opinion polls, the Liberal Democrats ended with a small increase in their total vote, to 23 per cent, although the vagaries of the electoral system delivered a net loss of six seats.
The election outcome of a hung parliament gave the Liberal Democrats their first real chance of power, and negotiations for a coalition began with both Conservative and Labour parties. In the end, a coalition programme containing a substantial portion of the Liberal Democrat manifesto was agreed with the Conservatives. On 11 May 2010, the Liberal Democrat parliamentary party and Federal Executive voted almost unanimously to enter coalition, a decision endorsed overwhelmingly by party members at a special conference five days later.
For the first time in 65 years, Liberal ministers sat on the government benches of the House of Commons. Five Liberal Democrats entered the cabinet, including Nick Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister, and a further fourteen became junior ministers.
Coalition
Coalition was an unfamiliar political arrangement in Britain, and against a background of economic crisis and a record budget deficit, many speculated that it would be short-lived. Yet the coalition provided stable government for a full five-year term, managed a partial recovery in government finances and oversaw a faster rate of economic growth than any other G7 country at that time.
Key Liberal Democrat policies from the party’s 2010 manifesto were implemented: a significant rise in the income tax threshold took an estimated three million low-paid people out of tax altogether; the ‘pupil premium’ provided more resources for schools to teach children from deprived backgrounds; and significant investment was made in renewable energy. Liberal Democrat influence led to increases in the state pension, a higher priority to mental health, legislation for same-sex marriage, the development of an industrial strategy, the creation of the world’s first Green Investment Bank, and an expansion in the apprenticeship programme. In addition, Liberal Democrat ministers blocked or ameliorated Conservative proposals that would otherwise have adversely affected workers’ rights, disability benefits, support for young people and immigration. They also blocked a referendum on EU membership, and extensions to covert surveillance – policies which were promptly reinstated by the Conservative government elected in 2015.
The party’s constitutional reform agenda saw major failures, however, with a change in the voting system being blocked by referendum defeat in 2011, reform of the House of Lords by a Conservative rebellion in 2012, and party funding reform by Conservative ministers’ desire to protect their own donors. Offsetting these disappointments were the introduction of fixed-term parliaments and the devolution of greater powers to Scotland.
The challenging economic climate, and the Conservative Party’s austerity programme, meant that difficult compromises had to be made. Liberal Democrat ministers fought, often successfully, to slow down or reverse cuts in public services and to soften their impact, but this work was not generally visible to the electorate. Particularly damaging was the raising of university tuition fees, which led to a disastrous loss of trust in the party and its leadership, because the party had consistently campaigned against such fees, and in the 2010 election all Liberal Democrat candidates had pledged to vote against any rise.
Support for the party fell sharply. Between 2011 and 2015 every round of local elections saw hundreds of Liberal Democrat councillors lose their seats, and Liberal Democrat members were toppled in elections to the Scottish Parliament, the European Parliament, and finally in the 2015 general election. For five years, the Liberal Democrats had proved that they could handle power competently, but their efforts and successes had been inadequately communicated to the public and were swamped by the false perception that the party had colluded wholesale in a Conservative agenda. In addition, during the 2015 election campaign fears of a Labour and Scottish Nationalist coalition in the event of a hung parliament swayed many voters towards the ‘safer’ option of a Tory vote, and the Conservatives won with a small overall majority. The Liberal Democrats shrank from 57 MPs in 2010 (with 23 per cent of the vote) to eight in 2015 (with just 7.9 per cent of the vote).
Could the party have handled coalition better? The debate continues, but the party’s experience of a fall from favour mirrors that of other smaller partners in coalition governments across Europe.
Survival and Recovery
The morning after the 2015 general election, Nick Clegg resigned as leader of the party, and was replaced in July by Tim Farron.
Throughout the rest of 2015 and 2016, support for the party in opinion polls remained low, but there are growing signs that the Liberal Democrats have the foundations in place for revival.
In the 2016 local elections the party made a net gain in council seats for the first time since 2009, though in London the party lost one of its two remaining Assembly Members. In Scotland the party retained five seats, whereas in Wales it was reduced to just one, though the Welsh Liberal Democrats subsequently joined Labour in coalition government in Cardiff.
Party membership surged after the 2015 election, indicating a determination to keep the Liberal flame alive, and leapt again after the EU referendum in June 2016, with new members being drawn to the party’s pro-European stance in the wake of the country’s vote to leave the EU. A string of Liberal Democrat gains in local government by-elections after the referendum was capped, in December 2016, by victory in the Richmond Park by-election after a campaign fought overwhelmingly on the Brexit issue; Sarah Olney became the ninth Liberal Democrat MP.
Not for the first time in the party’s history, Liberals are reviving from disaster and near-disappearance. At a time of turmoil in national politics, with the breakdown of traditional voting patterns and the other major parties suffering internal divisions, the Liberal Democrat slogan ‘open, tolerant and united’ offers a clear beacon round which to rebuild the party and champion the cause of Liberalism once again.
About Us
Facebook Twitter YouTube Search
Published and promoted by Tim Gordon on behalf of the Liberal Democrats , 8-10 Great George Street, London, SW1P 3AE. Hosted by NationBuilder .
The Liberal Democrats and their elected representatives may use the information you’ve given to contact you. By providing your data to us, you are consenting to us making contact with you in the future by mail, email, telephone, text, website and apps, even though you may be registered with the Telephone Preference Service. You can always opt out of communications at any time by contacting us or visiting www.libdems.org.uk/optout. For more information go to www.libdems.org.uk/privacy .
| 1974 |
The island of Réunion, an overseas department of France lies in which Ocean? | A History of Women's Rights
A BRIEF HISTORY OF WOMEN'S RIGHTS
By Tim Lambert
Women's Rights in the Ancient World
In the Ancient World women's rights varied from one civilization to another. In Ancient Egypt women had a great deal of freedom. They could own property and they could sign contracts. (There is evidence that in Ancient Egypt some women could read and write). A famous woman Pharaoh called Hatshepsut once ruled Egypt.
In Ancient Israel the father had authority over his family. He could divorce his wife if he wished. He could also arrange marriages for his children. Girls in Israel got married very young. A girl could marry when she was 12.
When a father died his sons inherited his property. The oldest son was given a double share. Daughters could only inherit property if there were no sons.
In Ancient Greece people worshiped goddesses as well as gods. Women did participate in some religious ceremonies but not in politics or warfare. In a wealthy family women were women were kept apart from men. They were usually confined to the back or upper part of the house. Girls married when they were about 15. Marriages were arranged for them and often their husband was much older than them.
In a rich Greek family the wife was expected to run the home and, sometimes, to manage the finances. However rich women would normally stay indoors and send slaves to do the shopping. Poor women, of course, had no choice. They might also have to help their husbands with farm work. Women, even rich ones, were expected to spin and weave cloth and make clothes. However in Sparta women could own and inherit property.
Sappho, a Greek woman poet lived around 600 BC. Theano of Crotona was a great mathematician born about 546 BC. About 150 BC Aglaonike was a woman astronomer.
In Rome women could not vote or hold public office. However women were allowed to own and inherit property and some ran businesses. (In the New Testament there is a woman named Lydia who sold purple cloth).
Meanwhile Celtic women had a good deal of freedom and many rights. Celtic women could rule in their own right. One famous woman of the ancient world was Bouddica. She was queen of the Iceni, a Celtic tribe who lived in what is now Norfolk in England. She led a rebellion against Roman rule.
Another famous woman of the Ancient world was Hypatia (355?-415 AD). She was a mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who lived in Alexandria in Egypt.
Women's Rights in the Middle Ages and 16th and 17th Century
Well off Saxon women had considerable freedom (although both men and women could be slaves). Saxon women were allowed to own and inherit property and to make contracts. In Viking society too women had a good deal of freedom. However life was hard for everyone in Saxon Times and the Middle Ages and women as well as men had to work hard to survive.
In the Middle Ages it was not unusual for middle class women to run their own businesses. In England the mystic Margery Kempe ran a brewery and later a horse mill, using horses to grind corn. Women married to craftsmen usually learned their husband's trade and carried it on if their husband died.
Famous women of the Middle Ages
In the 16th century women were martyred for their religious beliefs. They refused to compromise even if tortured.
In 1513 Henry VIII went to war in France. He made the queen, Catherine of Aragon, Governor of the Realm and Captain-General of the home forces in his absence. In other words he was willing to entrust the kingdom to her.
In 1544 Henry went to war in France again. This time he made Catherine Parr regent in his absence.
In the 16th and 17th centuries the professions (teacher, lawyer, doctor) were closed to women. However some women had jobs. Some of them worked spinning cloth. Women were also tailors, milliners, dyers, shoemakers and embroiderers. There were also washerwomen. Some women worked in food preparation such as brewers, bakers or confectioners. Women also sold foodstuffs in the streets. A very common job for women was domestic servant. Other women were midwives and apothecaries.
However most women were housewives and they were kept very busy. Most men could not run a farm or a business without their wife's help. Poor and middle class wives were kept very busy but rich women were not idle either. In a big house they had to organize and supervise the servants. Also if her husband was away the woman usually ran the estate. Very often a merchant's wife did his accounts and if he was travelling she looked after the business. Often when a merchant wrote his will he left his business to his wife - because she would be able to run it.
In the 16th century girls did not go to school. However girls from well off families were usually educated at home. Tutors taught upper class girls. Their mothers taught middle class girls reading, writing, arithmetic and skills like sewing. Merchant's daughters were very often taught to run their father's business.
In the early 16th century some upper class women were highly educated. Two of Henry VIII's wives, Catherine of Aragon and Catherine Parr were well educated. Queen Elizabeth I was also well educated and she liked reading. Wealthy girls learned music and dancing and needlework. They also learned to read and write and they learned languages like Greek and Latin, Spanish, Italian and French.
However towards the end of the 16th century girls spent less time on academic subjects and more time on skills like music and embroidery. Moreover during the 17th century boarding schools for girls were founded in many towns. In them girls were taught subjects like writing, music and needlework.
In the 16th century marriages were usually arranged, except for the poorest people. Divorce was unknown. Legally girls could marry when they were 12 years old. However normally it was only girls from rich families who married young. The majority of women married in their mid-20s.
Famous women of the 16th century
Women's Rights in the 18th Century
There was little change in women's rights in the 18th century. Girls from well off families went to school but it was felt important for them to learn 'accomplishments' like embroidery and music rather than academic subjects.
Nevertheless there were a number of famous women writers and scientists in the 18th century. Maria Kirch was a famous astronomer. So was Caroline Herschel . Laura Bassi became professor of anatomy at Bologna University in 1732. Maria Agnesi was a famous mathematician and Emilie du Chatelet was a woman physicist and mathematician. In 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft published a book called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Women's Rights in the 19th Century
In the 19th century women gained more opportunities for employment. In the 19th century most working class girls began to get some education. In the early and mid 19th century the churches provided some schools. After 1870 the state provided them.
In early 19th century Britain working conditions were often appalling but parliament passed laws to protect women and children. In 1842 a law banned women and boys under 10 from working underground. Then in 1847 a Factory Act said that women and children could only work 10 hours a day in textile factories. In 1867 the law was extended to all factories. (A factory was defined as a place where more than 50 people were employed in a manufacturing process). An act of 1878 said women in any factories could not work more than 56 hours a week.
In 1874 the first successful typewriter went on sale and the telephone was invented in 1876. These two new inventions meant more job opportunities for women. Ultimately technological and economic change transformed the lives of women.
There were many famous women in the 19th century. Two of them were Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole . They reformed nursing.
There were also many famous women writers in the 19th century. Among them were Jane Austen , the Bronte sisters, Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans).
There were many milestones for women in the 19th century. In 1865 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson became the first woman doctor in Britain. Then in 1872 Victoria Woodhull became the first woman to run for president of the USA. The first American woman to be elected a mayor was Susanna Mador Salter in 1887. The first woman in Britain to qualify as a dentist was Lilian Murray in 1895. The first woman to qualify as an architect in Britain was Ethel Charles in 1898.
Meanwhile laws were passed against domestic violence. In 1853 in Britain a law made the punishment for wife beating up to 6 months in prison with or without hard labor. In the USA Tennessee passed a law making wife beating a crime in 1850. By 1870 it was illegal in most US States. Maryland was the last US state to pass such a law, in 1882. Meanwhile in Britain in 1878 a law allowed a woman to obtain a separation order from a magistrate if her husband was violent.
In the late 19th century women gained opportunities in higher education. In the USA in 1841 three women gained bachelor degrees from Oberlin College. They were the first American women to gain bachelor degrees. In 1877 Helen Magill White became the first woman in the USA to gain a PhD. London University was the first British university to award women degrees in 1880.
Until the late 19th century in Britain everything a married woman had was, legally her husbands property. However the 1870 Married Women's Property act stated that a married woman's earnings belonged to her. Further Married Woman's Property Acts were passed in 1882 and 1893. They allowed married women to own, buy and sell property the same as a single woman.
Meanwhile in the USA the first women's rights convention was held at Seneca Falls in 1848. The same year astronomer Maria Mitchell became the first woman member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Life in the 19th Century
Women's Rights in the 20th Century
During the 20th century women gained equal rights with men. Technological and economic changes made it inevitable that women would be given the same rights as men.
At the beginning of the 19th century only a small minority of men could vote. During the 19th century the right to vote was gradually extended to more and more men. (Although in Britain not all men could vote until 1918). Once most men could vote movements began to get women the right to vote as well.
In 1897 in Britain local groups of women who demanded the vote joined to form the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). The organisation was moderate and its members were called suffragists.
However in 1903 a more radical organisation was formed called the Women�s Social and Political Union (WSPU). It was led by Emmeline Pankhurst and its members were called suffragettes. Suffragettes committed crimes like vandalism and arson. They also planted bombs. However the suffragettes halted their campaign when the first World War began in 1914.
Many men supported the suffragists and wanted women to be allowed to vote. In 1907 they formed the Men's League for Women's Suffrage.
However not all women wanted to be able to vote. In Britain the Women's National Anti-Suffrage League was formed in 1908. Its president was a famous writer named Mary Humphry Ward.
Finally in 1918 in Britain women over 30 were allowed to vote. In 1928 women in Britain were allowed to vote at the age of 21 (the same as men). In 1919 Nancy Astor became the first female MP and in 1929 Margaret Bondfield became the first female cabinet minister. In 1979 Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister of Britain.
In the USA the campaign for women's right to vote was led by Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1869 Stanton and Anthony founded the National Woman Suffrage Association. Also in 1869 Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell founded the American Woman Suffrage Association. The two joined forces in 1890 as the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
However in the USA as in Britain some women were anti-suffragists and they opposed women being allowed to vote.
Meanwhile the territory of Wyoming allowed women to vote in 1869. When Wyoming joined the union in 1890 it became the first state in the USA to allow women to vote. Some other states followed. Finally in 1920 the 19th amendment gave women in all states the right to vote.
Meanwhile in 1917 Jeannette Rankin became the first woman to serve in Congress (in the House of Representatives). Then in 1922 Rebecca Latimer Felton became the first woman US senator. In 1925 Nellie Tayloe Ross became the first woman governor of a US state (Wyoming). In 1981 Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman judge on the US supreme court. Madeleine Albright became the first US secretary of state in 1997.
Other countries also granted women the right to vote. New Zealand was the first country in the world to allow women to vote in national elections in 1893. In Australia women were granted the right to vote in federal elections in 1902. In Canada women were allowed to vote in federal elections in 1918. Canada gained its first woman MP in 1921. Her name was Agnes Macphail.
From 1906 Finnish women were allowed to vote. Furthermore in 1907 Finnish women became the first in the world to win seats in a national parliament. In Norway women were given the vote in local elections in 1907 and in national elections in 1913. Denmark allowed women to vote in 1915. Germany and Austria granted women the right to vote in 1918. The Netherlands followed in 1919. Sweden gave all women the right to vote in 1921. In Spain women gained the vote in 1931. In Turkey women gained full voting rights in 1934. However in France women were not allowed to vote until 1944. Women in Italy were given the right to vote in 1945. Women in Greece were allowed to vote in 1952 but in Switzerland they were not allowed to until 1971.
The first woman to become prime minister of a country was Sirimavo Bandaranaike in Sri Lanka in 1960. The first woman to be president of a country was Isabel Peron in Argentina in 1974. (Although she was originally vice president and became president on the death of the president). The first woman to be elected president was Vigdis Finnbogadottir in Iceland in 1980.
In the 20th century more occupations were opened to women. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson became the first woman mayor in Britain in 1908. In 1913 Emily Dawson became the first woman magistrate in Britain. Meanwhile In 1910 the first policewoman was appointed in Los Angeles. The first policewomen in Britain went on duty in 1914. The 1919 Sex Disqualification Removal Act allowed women to become lawyers, vets and civil servants. (The first female solicitor was Carrie Morrison in 1922). Also in 1922 Irene Barclay became the first female chartered surveyor.
In 1917 the WRNS (Women's Royal Naval Service) was formed. So was the WRAF (Women's Royal Air Force). In 1938 the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the female branch of the British army was formed.
In 1958 Hilda Harding became the first woman bank manager in Britain.
Nevertheless in the early 20th century it was uncommon for married women to work (except in wartime). However in the 1950s and 1960s it became common for them to do so - at least part-time. New technology made it easier for married women to do paid work. Before the 20th century housework was so time consuming it left married women no time for work. The economy also changed. Manufacturing industry became less important but service industries grew, which created more job opportunities for women.
In the USA the Equal Pay Act 1963 compelled employers to give equal pay for equal work. In Britain in 1970 an Equal Pay Act made differences in pay and conditions between men and women illegal. In 1973 women were admitted to the stock exchange. From 1975 it was made illegal to sack women for becoming pregnant. Also in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act made it illegal to discriminate against women in employment, education and training. In 1984 a new law stated that equal pay must be given for work of equal value. In the late 20th century the number of women in managerial and other highly paid jobs greatly increased.
Meanwhile in 1930 Amy Johnson became the first women to fly from Britain to Australia. In 1963 Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space. The first American woman in space was Sally Ride in 1983. The first British woman in space was Helen Sharman in 1991.
| i don't know |
Which brewery introduced the Party Seven can in 1968 to complement its Party Four can? | Watneys Red Barrel
Watneys Red Barrel
Perhaps the most well known beer of the 60s and 70s, the much maligned Watneys Red Barrel, can trace its origins back to the 30s; in fact Watneys claimed 1931. Red Barrel was originally developed as an export beer that could be transported for long distances by sea.
Red Barrel, like all keg bitter, was filtered, to remove the yeast. It was then pasteurised and carbon dioxide was added. The "keg" was linked to a tank of carbon dioxide which effectively forced the beer up from the cellar. There was no need for the traditional long-handled beer pump. Keg was usually served chilled and was fizzy, with froth on the top.
Red Barrel was tentatively trialled at the East Sheen Lawn Tennis Club where Watneys' Master Brewer, Bert Hussey, was a member. He was convinced that once sampled it would be instantly popular. By the early sixties, Watneys were able to claim that it was the country's most popular keg bitter. It was also the first.
Red Barrel today is regarded with distain; in the 60s it was a premium product. Watneys negotiated a contract with BEA for Red Barrel to be supplied to passengers. Given that air travel, especially on scheduled flights, was still a privilege of the few, this must have been quite an achievement for Watneys and must say something about the quality image that the brand then had. Watneys were also able to sell Red Barrel at all bars on the new luxury liner, the QE2.
As well as supplying to non-traditional outlets, Watneys also had a fair share of the Free Trade market, selling over one million barrels of beer, mainly Red Barrel and Watneys Pale Ale. So their products must have had some sort of following outside Watney Mann pubs where it might have been the only choice. Against this, however, "Which" reported on 1972 on keg bitters and their view was that there was little to choose between one keg and another. All were bland tasting and fizzy. There was also little reason for preferring keg over traditional beers such as Watneys own Special Bitter, which was somewhat cheaper. Keg, though, had the image and at the time, people preferred its consistent quality. More traditional brews were considered downmarket.
Part of that image was a strong advertising campaign and Watneys were very astute at linking their products with the pop world. The Liverpool group, The Scaffold, famous for drinking to "Lily the Pink" drank to Watneys Pale Ale. Watneys Red Barrel was promoted with a television campaign and a slogan "Roll out the barrel". The campaign was supposed to suggest that drinking Red Barrel would promote "good fellowship, friendliness and happiness associated with beer drinking".
Join Watneys Red Army
For the seventies, Watneys decided to change the name of Red Barrel to just Watneys Red. Advertising was based on the Russian Revolution. This billboard, left, is from London in the summer of 1971. Khrushchev, Mao and Castro all enjoying a pint of Watneys Red!
Does anyone remember "Join Watneys RED army"?!
Watneys' other brews
Red Barrel was by no means Watneys only product. Watneys Special Bitter had been available in London for many years. In 1969 they took the decision to market it nationally in all Watney Mann houses. It was a traditional draught bitter, cheaper than Red Barrel.
The late sixties was a time of rapid change in the brewing industry. New trends seemed to come and go quickly. Draught stout was quickly gaining a following. Watneys tried to compete head to head with Guinness for a time with a trial of Colonel Murphy's Stout. It did not prove successful. They had to accept that Guinness had cornered the market and sell draught Guinness in their houses.
An agreement with Carlsberg Lager in 1969 was, however, more successful. Watneys were surprising latecomers to the lager market. Carling Black Label had been on sale in the UK at Bass Charrington houses for several years and Whitbread linked up with Heineken as long ago as 1961. However, Watneys jumped at the right time and joined the lager market before it really took off in the 70s.
Another feature of drinking in the late sixties and early seventies were strong ales available in small bottles. The most well known is Whitbread's Gold Label - "Strong as a double scotch, less than half the price". Watneys produced two beers in this category "Export Gold" and "Stingo" barley wine.
Watneys Party Four and Watneys Party Seven
Of course that other well known name from the 60s was Watneys Party Seven. Its smaller brother Party Four had been available for some time when in 1968 Party Seven was introduced. As a promotion Watneys sold a Sparklets Beertap with a free voucher for a can of Party Seven for 59s 9d. Watneys Party Seven initially sold for 15s. You could have your own bar at home! Read about 70s Party .
Watneys Party Seven became a staple for parties in the seventies and was available until the early eighties. The beer mat (left) was to encourage customers to take home a Party Seven for later!
Competitors
Watneys were by no means the only brewer in the sixties and Red Barrel was by no means the only beer. Most of the major breweries had their own keg bitters. Whitbread entered the keg market with Tankard in in 1957. By the early 70s the following keg bitters were on the market.
Watneys Red
Ind Coope Double Diamond (Allied)
Younger's Tartan (Scottish and Newcastle)
Worthington 'E' (Bass Charrington)
Courage Tavern
As well as keg bitter most of the major players offered a "best" as an alterative. These beers were often cheaper than the kegs. Once again these a few of the most well known:
Whitbread Trophy
| James Watney |
Which venue will host the Athletics events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games? | The 60s and 70s Beer Guide
60s and 70s Beer Guide
Changing fashions ruled beer drinking in the 50s, 60s and 70s. First bottled pale ale challenged draught mild as the Nation's favourite drink. Then a few years later, everyone was drinking draught keg bitter, with Watneys Red Barrel the best known brand.
Lager was the drink of the 70s. The hot summer of 1976 provided a reason to try the beverage, but tastes were changing. In 1971 there was a backlash against the relentless spread of keg bitter and lager when CAMRA, the Campaign for Real Ale, formed. In the latter part of the seventies there was a resurgence of some traditional brews; real ale, though, still remained a minority taste.
From mild to bitter
Mild was the working man's drink for the first half of the twentieth century. The only choice was between mild and stout; bitter was a luxury. In 1900 best bitter was almost unknown and in 1929 it was still only a tiny fraction total beer sales.
At the start of the sixties, mild was the dominant beer. Around 40% of the output of Bass Charrington, Britain's largest brewer, was mild. By 1967 this had fallen to 30%. Mild was losing favour, though it was the cheapest beer. It did have strongholds in the Midlands (notably M & B Mild), but the majority chose best bitter.
Best bitter on draught and its bottled equivalent, best pale ale, were the favourite beers of the 60s. Pale ale was sold as a premium beer; it was a popular luxury.
From cask to keg
Keg bitter is pasteurised to stop any fermentation. Carbon dioxide is added to give the beer sparkle. The pressure of carbon dioxide is used to draw the beer up from the cellar. So keg beer does not need a traditional long handled beer pump.
The first keg beer was Watneys Red Barrel , developed in the 30s. The big brewers though, did not heavily promote keg bitter until the late 50s. The first brewer to use the term keg and to promote sales of keg beer was Flowers (later taken over by Whitbread). Many of the others followed suit and each launched their own brand of keg bitter: Worthington 'E', Whitbread Tankard, Ind Coope Double Diamond, Youngers Tartan and Courage Tavern.
Sales of keg beer increased steadily throughout the sixties. In 1960 it was 1% of the total beer market, by 1965 7% and by 1971 18%. Keg beer was most popular with the young. It was the natural choice for the new themed pubs and disco pubs of the 60s. Keg bitter was more expensive than traditional cask conditioned ales and was marketed as a premium brand.
There was a tendency for brewers to reduce the strength and original gravity (a measure of the proportion of ingredients, hops, barley etc to water) of cask beers. The keg beers were the best the brewery had to offer so there was no need to spend as much on the cask conditioned beers. Throughout the sixties people suspected that that beer was getting weaker; they were right.
By the latter part of the sixties, carbon dioxide was often added to cask beers as well; they were drawn up from the cellar under pressure in much the same way as keg beer. For the drinker at the bar, there was little to choose between them. The more discerning opted for keg.
Bottled and canned beer
The rise of keg bitter in the sixties stopped a trend that had begun after the War of increasing sales of bottled beer. It even appeared that sales of bottled beer might overtake draught beer. Reasons for choosing it over traditional ales were consistency, brightness, a clean palette and sparkle. Keg bitter provided all these qualities at a cheaper price.
Canned beer was in its infancy in the late 50s. Ind Coopes Long Life was one of the first. The brewer picked up on concerns about the quality of cask ales and claimed Long Life was brewed for the can and never varied. Canned beer sales increased throughout the sixties, but did not become important until the seventies. Watneys Party Seven was a new take on canned beer.
National brands
Before the 60s, the supply of beer had been regional. There were a few exceptions with bottled Guinness, Bass and Worthington sold throughout the country. In the sixties other national names emerged, namely Double Diamond (bottled), Mackeson Stout (bottled) and draught and bottled Watneys Red Barrel. Watneys Red Barrel was making inroads into the free trade. Double Diamond, Bass Worthington and most notably Guinness, were becoming increasingly available as draught. The success of Guinness encouraged Watneys to compete with Colonel Murphy's Stout. After a test marketing campaign, they abandoned it and stocked draught Guinness in Watneys' houses instead.
By the end of the sixties, lager too was more popular. Draught Carlsberg was available at Watneys' pubs and Whitbread had linked up with Heineken. Sales of lager, though, did not become significant until the 70s.
Strong beers
Strong ales were often sold in nip bottles (one third of a pint). The most famous was Tennant's Gold Label; it was in the Guinness Book of Records as the strongest beer on regular sale in the UK. Later it was brewed as Whitbread Gold Label. 70s advertisements told drinkers that it was "Strong as a double Scotch, less than half the price". It is still available today.
The 70s keg beer and lager
At the beginning of the 70s, the most popular brands of keg bitter dominated British beer drinking. They were more expensive than cask bitters, so people must have liked the taste or bought the advertising.
Advertising of keg bitters made extravagant claims. Whitbread Tankard was supposed to help you excel, how, was not made clear. Beer had long been advertised as a drink to improve heath. The "Guinness is Good for You" and "Guinness for Strength" campaigns are famous. Was a touch of parody intended?
Rivals made equally bold claims. Worthington 'E' was "the taste that satisfies". Courage Tavern was "What your right arm's for". Double Diamond "worked wonders".
Keg bitter's popularity was challenged in the 70s by lager. Sales of lager increased from only 2% of the market in 1965 to 20% in 1975.
Lager had been sold in Britain long before the 60s. It was brewed here as early as the 1890s, but was a very small part of the beer market. It had a reputation as a ladies' drink. When mixed with lime it was considered as an alternative shandy.
Today's well known brands of lager were introduced in Britain from the 50s. The brewery magnate E P Taylor brought Carling Black Label to Britain, from Canada, in 1953. Starting from small beginnings, brewed under licence by the tiny Hope and Anchor Brewery, a series of mergers left Carling Black Label part of the Bass Charrington empire.
The other big brewers introduced their own brands. Guinness launched Harp Irish Lager in 1960. Whitbread signed an agreement to import Heineken in 1961; Watneys linked up with Carlsberg in 1968.
Whitbread brewed Heineken under licence in the UK in 1968. The Whitbread directors thought a weaker version of the Dutch beer would sell better - they were right. Later the Belgian beer, Stella Artois, joined the Whitbread stable as their premium lager.
It was the long hot summer of 1976 that firmly established Britain's taste for lager. Cool and refreshing, it was the beer to beat the drought. By the end of the decade, lager took 29% of beer sales.
There are many reasons for the rise in the popularity of lager. Package holidays in Europe gave people a chance to try lager and they associated it with relaxation and warmer climates. It goes better with more exotic food. Continental dishes - French and Italian - were popular in the 70s, as were Chinese and Indian food and there is no better accompaniment to a curry than a pint of lager.
From keg to cask
The aggressive promotion of keg bitters finally resulted in a backlash. CAMRA, the Campaign for Real Ale, was founded in 1971.
In the 70s, sales of cask beers began to rise as there was a growing appreciation for the traditional methods of brewing. It is a testament to the success of CAMRA that the "classic" keg bitters of the sixties are now extinct.
Beers from the past
There were more than 4,000 different brews available in the 60s, so we cannot list them all. This is a list of the most important ones.
Keg bitters on draught
Flowers Keg Bitter
Draught bitters
Some of these were not available for the whole of the period. I have added John Smith's because of its popularity today. It was very much a regional beer in the 60s.
Bass Red Triangle
| i don't know |
In December 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was signed to end which War? | War of 1812 ends - Dec 24, 1814 - HISTORY.com
War of 1812 ends
Publisher
A+E Networks
The Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America is signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812. By terms of the treaty, all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada.
In June 1812, the United States declared war against Great Britain in reaction to three issues: the British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier. A faction of Congress, made up mostly of western and southern congressmen, had been advocating the declaration of war for several years. These “War Hawks,” as they were known, hoped that war with Britain, which was preoccupied with its struggle against Napoleonic France, would result in U.S. territorial gains in Canada and British-protected Florida.
In the months following the U.S. declaration of war, American forces launched a three-point invasion of Canada, all of which were repulsed. At sea, however, the United States was more successful, and the USS Constitution and other American frigates won a series of victories over British warships. In 1813, American forces won several key victories in the Great Lakes region, but Britain regained control of the sea and blockaded the eastern seaboard.
In 1814, with the downfall of Napoleon, the British were able to allocate more military resources to the American war, and Washington, D.C., fell to the British in August. In Washington, British troops burned the White House, the Capitol, and other buildings in retaliation for the earlier burning of government buildings in Canada by U.S. soldiers. The British soon retreated, however, and Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor withstood a massive British bombardment and inspired Francis Scott Key to pen the “Star-Spangled Banner.”
On September 11, 1814, the tide of the war turned when Thomas Macdonough’s American naval force won a decisive victory at the Battle of Plattsburg Bay on Lake Champlain. A large British army under Sir George Prevost was thus forced to abandon its invasion of the U.S. northeast and retreat to Canada. The American victory on Lake Champlain led to the conclusion of U.S.-British peace negotiations in Belgium, and on December 24, 1814, the Treaty of Ghent was signed, ending the war. Although the treaty said nothing about two of the key issues that started the war–the rights of neutral U.S. vessels and the impressment of U.S. sailors–it did open up the Great Lakes region to American expansion and was hailed as a diplomatic victory in the United States.
News of the treaty took almost two months to cross the Atlantic, and British forces were not informed of the end of hostilities in time to end their drive against the mouth of the Mississippi River. On January 8, 1815, a large British army attacked New Orleans and was decimated by an inferior American force under General Andrew Jackson in the most spectacular U.S. victory of the war. The American public heard of the Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent at approximately the same time, fostering a greater sentiment of self-confidence and shared identity throughout the young republic.
Related Videos
| War of 1812 |
Hoy and Sanday are in which island group in the British Isles? | War of 1812
War of 1812
War of 1812 - Content Management System
Experience
| i don't know |
Which opera singer did conductor Richard Bonynge marry in 1954? | Joan Sutherland, celebrated opera singer, dies aged 83 | Culture | The Guardian
Joan Sutherland, celebrated opera singer, dies aged 83
Tributes paid to Australian soprano, known in her heyday as 'la stupenda', whose career spanned four decades
Joan Sutherland pictured in 2004. Antonio Pappano, music director of the Royal Opera House, described her as 'one of the true greats. Photograph: J Scott Applewhite/AP
Charlotte Higgins , chief arts writer
Monday 11 October 2010 13.27 EDT
First published on Monday 11 October 2010 13.27 EDT
Close
This article is 6 years old
Joan Sutherland , the opera star known in her heyday as 'la stupenda', and Maria Callas's successor as the most celebrated soprano in the world, has died at her home in Switzerland, aged 83.
Sutherland shot to fame in 1959 in Franco Zeffirelli's production of Lucia di Lammermoor , with its famous mad scene. By then, she had been singing at the Royal Opera House since 1952, and continued to do so until her last production, Donizetti's Anna Bolena, in 1988. She was also a mentor and friend to the young Luciano Pavarotti .
Sutherland, who was born in Sydney in 1926, married the Australian conductor Richard Bonynge in 1954. With his guidance, she began to specialise in the Italian bel canto repertoire, especially Donizetti, Bellini and Verdi roles such as Violetta in La Traviata.
Antonio Pappano, the music director of the Royal Opera House, paid tribute. "I had the opportunity to work with Joan on two occasions: [Francesco Cilea's] Adriana Lecouvreur – I was the lowly prompter – and Anna Bolena. She actually was 'stupenda'. A lovely human being who could sing anybody off the stage – and I mean anybody. What she did for bel canto music and its technique cannot be underestimated. We have lost one of the true greats."
Author and music blogger Norman Lebrecht described her as a "simple, friendly woman, happiest in a dressing room with a magazine and her knitting. She avoided tantrums, had no airs and graces, and in retirement shunned the limelight. For all her unassuming personal modesty, her voice defined an operatic era."
Ahead of a Guardian interview in 2002 , which was to take place at the Royal Opera House, she said: "I don't think anyone remembers me there now."
Fortunately she was quite wrong: she was stopped by staff members asking for her autograph as she walked through the building.
| Joan Sutherland |
What nationality is the wife of UKIP leader Nigel Farage? | Famed opera singer Joan Sutherland dies | Variety
Famed opera singer Joan Sutherland dies
October 11, 2010 | 01:47PM PT
'La Stupenda' soprano singer was successor to Maria Callas
Joan Sutherland, the famed coloratura soprano often mentioned in the same breath as her operatic contemporary Maria Callas, died Oct. 10 in Geneva after a long illness. She was 83.
Known as La Stupenda to Italian fans, Kolaturawunder in Germany and the Incomparable to English-speaking buffs, Sutherland was a star of the opera stage from the ’50s through her retirement in 1990.
A specialist in the Italian bel canto repertory, she was featured with all of the greatest international companies, directed by such notables as Franco Zeffirelli and working opposite leading men like tenor Luciano Pavarotti, who toured Australia with Sutherland in 1963 and made his 1965 U.S. debut opposite her.
Born in Australia, Sutherland first studied voice and piano with her mother. She made her concert debut at 20 in 1947 as Dido in Purcell’s “Dido and Aeneas,” and made her stage debut in Sydney in 1951.
Sutherland moved to London in 1951; after further studies, she joined the Covent Garden opera company the following year. She would work frequently with conductor Richard Bonynge, whom she married in 1954.
Originally schooled as a Wagnerian soprano, she developed the upper end of her vocal range with Bonynge’s encouragement, and attained acclaim for her peerless high-register work.
She rose to world fame after her 1959 performance in the title role of Donizetti’s “Lucia di Lammermoor” in a Covent Garden production directed by Zeffirelli, who also helmed her 1960 Venice debut in Handel’s “Alcina.” She bowed in the Donizetti role at New York’s Metropolitan Opera in 1960. She took five leading roles at Milan’s La Scala from 1961-66.
Her best-known roles included the titular lead in Bellini’s “Norma” and Cleopatra in Handel’s “Giulio Cesare”; she also performed all three soprano parts in Offenbach’s “The Tales of Hoffman.” In a 2002 interview, she said she viewed her performance in Massenet’s “Esclarmonde” as her greatest achievement.
She was feted at the 2004 Kennedy Center Honors and Queen Elizabeth honored her as a dame of the British Empire in 1978.
She is survived by Bonynge, a son and two grandchildren.
| i don't know |
Which English novelist and travel writer wrote the book In Patagonia published in 1977? | Bruce Chatwin (Author of In Patagonia)
edit data
Charles Bruce Chatwin was an English novelist and travel writer. He won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel On the Black Hill (1982). In 1972, Chatwin interviewed the 93-year-old architect and designer Eileen Gray in her Paris salon, where he noticed a map of the area of South America called Patagonia, which she had painted. "I've always wanted to go there," Bruce told her. "So have I," she replied, "go there for me." Two years later in November 1974, Chatwin flew out to Lima in Peru, and reached Patagonia a month later. When he arrived, he left the newspaper with a telegram: "Have gone to Patagonia." He spent six months in the area, a trip which resulted in the book In Patagonia (1977). This work established his reputation as Charles Bruce Chatwin was an English novelist and travel writer. He won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel On the Black Hill (1982). In 1972, Chatwin interviewed the 93-year-old architect and designer Eileen Gray in her Paris salon, where he noticed a map of the area of South America called Patagonia, which she had painted. "I've always wanted to go there," Bruce told her. "So have I," she replied, "go there for me." Two years later in November 1974, Chatwin flew out to Lima in Peru, and reached Patagonia a month later. When he arrived, he left the newspaper with a telegram: "Have gone to Patagonia." He spent six months in the area, a trip which resulted in the book In Patagonia (1977). This work established his reputation as a travel writer. Later, however, residents in the region contradicted the account of events depicted in Chatwin's book. It was the first time in his career, but not the last, that conversations and characters which Chatwin presented as fact were alleged to have been fictionalised. Later works included a novel based on the slave trade, The Viceroy of Ouidah, which he researched with extended stays in Benin, West Africa. For The Songlines (1987), a work combining fiction and non-fiction, Chatwin went to Australia. He studied the culture to express how the songs of the Aborigines are a cross between a creation myth, an atlas and an Aboriginal man's personal story. He also related the travelling expressed in The Songlines to his own travels and the long nomadic past of humans. Winner of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, his novel On the Black Hill (1982) was set closer to home, in the hill farms of the Welsh Borders. It focuses on the relationship between twin brothers, Lewis and Benjamin, who grow up isolated from the course of twentieth century history. Utz (1988), was a novel about the obsession that leads people to collect. Set in Prague, the novel details the life and death of Kaspar Utz, a man obsessed with his collection of Meissen porcelain. Chatwin was working on a number of new ideas for future novels at the time of his death from AIDS in 1989, including a transcontinental epic, provisionally titled Lydia Livingstone. ...more
| Bruce Chatwin |
In which county were politician Dennis Skinner and artist Joseph Wright born? | The 86 Greatest Travel Books of All Time - Condé Nast Traveler
The 86 Greatest Travel Books of All Time
by CNTraveler.com
August 8, 2007
Chosen by a literary all-star jury that included: Monica Ali; Vikram Chandra; Jared Diamond; Peter Mayle; John McPhee; Francine Prose; Paul Theroux; Gore Vidal; and more.
**Along the Ganges
**Ilija Trojanow (2006)
An emigrant from Cold War Bulgaria now living in Cape Town, Trojanow brings a pan-religious enthusiasm to his writings on Asia, and in his journey from the Ganges's source to the chaotic cities along its course, he treats the river and its Hindu devotees with fascination, respect, and an eye for detail. Nominated by Nuruddin Farah (Haus Publishers, $20).
Arabian Sands
Wilfred Thesiger (1959)
Born in Ethiopia to a British diplomat, the writer-explorer was disenchanted with the West and spent five years traveling among the bedouins of southern Arabia, detailing their disappearing way of life. For his dedication and his eloquence, Paul Theroux puts him "on my classics list" (Penguin, $15).
**An Area of Darkness
**V. S. Naipaul (1965)
This is old-school Naipaul—the Subcontinental chronicle that made his name and expertly defined the India of the early sixties (even the writer's former protégé turned nemesis Paul Theroux confesses admiration). Linh Dinh calls it "penetrating, taut, and funny," with the caveat that "the only flaw with Naipaul is the fact that he does not drink alcohol, which curtails his access to many social situations" (Vintage, $14).
**As They Were
**M.F.K. Fisher (1982)
Peter Mayle, who has credited the brilliant food writer's Provence books with inspiring him to first visit the region, nonetheless recommends the book that comes closest to being Fisher's complete memoir. "She has the rare gift of letting the reader know exactly what it was like to see what she saw, hear what she heard, taste what she tasted, and feel what she felt," says Mayle. "A book not to be missed" (Vintage, $14).
A Barbarian in Asia
Henri Michaux (1933)
For those who would have liked to imagine Rimbaud as a reporter, the louche French poet Michaux might make the perfect guide to the East in the thirties. John Wray calls the book "hilarious, bizarre, and wildly self-indulgent"—not always a bad thing. "He was apparently hell-bent on alienating half the planet, or at least those parts he traveled through. Not to be read by anyone looking to get a feel for what life is like in India, China, or Japan" (New Directions, $15).
**The Bird Man and the Lap Dancer
**Eric Hansen (2004)
From Manhattan to the Maldives, the Riviera to Vanuatu, Hansen has been everywhere and swallowed it all whole—as this dizzying collection proves. His stint as a volunteer in Mother Teresa's Calcutta poorhouse is a highlight. "The stories he spins are full of humor and savvy," says Julia Alvarez. "These are perfect-pitch stories, mischievous, daring—perfect for the armchair traveler who wouldn't dare" (Vintage, $14).
**Bitter Lemons of Cyprus
**Lawrence Durrell (1957)
What begins as a romantic Peter Mayle–style romp quickly becomes something much deeper, says Robert D. Kaplan: "a study of, among other things, how frustrated young men turn to violence on 'an agricultural island being urbanized too quickly.' The perfect blend of travel and informed reportage. While The Alexandria Quartet made Durrell famous, this is the better work" (out-of-print).
Black Lamb and Grey Falcon
Rebecca West (1942)
The writer's chronicle of Yugoslavia on the eve of World War II enjoyed a boost in popularity when that country finally dissolved a half-century later. Robert D. Kaplan calls it "a sprawling world unto itself—an encyclopedic inventory of Yugoslavia and a near-scholarly thesis on Byzantine archaeology, pagan folklore, Christian and Islamic philosophy, and the nineteenth-century origins of fascism and terrorism. It all unfolds with the meticulous intricacy of an expert seamstress." Also nominated by Francine Prose and John Wray (Penguin, $25).
Blue Highways
William Least Heat-Moon (1982)
Impelled by the loss of his job and his wife, Least Heat-Moon set off in a van he christened Ghost Dancing to cross the country along its back roads. "There's a real honesty to the authorial voice, as well as tact," says Peter Hessler. "He lets us know where he's coming from, and then he steps back and allows the places and people to carry the book." Also nominated by Erik Larson (Back Bay, $16).
Captain John Smith: Writings (2007)
The Jamestown founder's journals and other primary accounts of the colony were collected on the four hundredth anniversary of its creation. Matthew Sharpe, author of the surrealist novel Jamestown, says that "if one were to use modern categories, his accounts might be said to include travelogue, memoir, ethnography, cartography, zoology and botany, military history, and a bit of James Frey–style fiction. He's part of America's DNA" (Library of America, $45).
Chasing the Monsoon
Alexander Frater (1993)
The ultimate foul-weather traveler, Frater crosses India during its summer monsoon. Akhil Sharma feels "there is a joy to his quest—whether interviewing Saudi tourists who come to India to be pounded by the rain or while discussing how exactly to bury a body when the ground is basically mud—that turns what could be a series of set pieces into a great and loving adventure" (out-of-print).
Chasing the Sea
Tom Bissell (2003)
Memoir, travelogue, and cultural history mix in the young writer's tale of his journey to post-Soviet central Asia's rapidly disappearing Aral Sea. Then there's his idea of doing penance for dropping out of the Peace Corps, and for failing to live up to such literary forefathers as Paul Theroux. "It's so many things," says Stephen Elliott, "but the travelogue is what gives it narrative momentum." Also nominated by Stewart O'Nan (Pantheon, $15).
Cross Country
Robert Sullivan (2006)
Claiming to have traveled cross-country 27 times, Sullivan finds a fresh approach to a travel-writing staple by making part of his subject the history of the road-trip genre itself. "Sullivan's books are like Borges's story 'The Aleph,'" says Matthew Sharpe. "He presents you with a little chunk of something that doesn't look like anything and shows you how the world is contained in it" (Bloomsbury, $15).
Dark Star Safari
Paul Theroux (2003)
Stephen Elliott prefers this cantankerous account of an overland journey—from Cairo to Capetown via canoe, cattle truck, armed convoy, and more—to other Theroux books that tread more familiar ground. "It was a fun way for me to learn about a lot," says Elliott. "It's a cynical book, but it really makes you want to take that journey" (Mariner, $15).
Democracy in America
Alexis de Tocqueville (1835)
What Tom McCarthy treasures most about this landmark outsider document of American mores, and what makes it a travel book, are "his impressions of the land itself as something dark, brooding, and inscrutable." Jennifer Egan adds, "His observations still resonate—in part as a measure of how much we've changed. He wrote, 'What an admirable position of the New World, that man has yet no enemies but himself.' Imagine" (Penguin, $10).
Down and Out in Paris and London
George Orwell (1933)
Written while Orwell struggled to survive in Paris, this is no Lost Generation reverie—which is what Adrienne Miller loves about it. "It's the gritty, squalid Paris of the poor, one of the least romanticized visions of it ever put on paper," she says. "After you read it, you'll never be able to eat in a St-Germain bistro without thinking of young Orwell toiling away miserably in the kitchen" (Harcourt, $14).
Down the Nile: Alone in a Fisherman's Skiff
Rosemary Mahoney (2007)
The novelist's allusive account—contrasting her lonely rowboat ride with the sumptuous Nile journeys made by Flaubert and Florence Nightingale—just came out in July. But Jan Morris raves about reading it in galleys. "It's the sort of title that usually makes me reach for the wastepaper basket," she says. But she's glad she didn't, "because it is utterly frank; sometimes rather scary; often extremely witty, brave, and revealing in its generalizations; and above all essentially kind" (Little, Brown; $24).
The Emperor
Ryszard Kapuściński (1978; translated by William R. Brand and Katarzyna Mroczkowska-Brand)
As Haile Selassie's regime in Ethiopia collapsed in 1974, the intrepid Polish journalist interviewed various functionaries and compiled a complete (if composite) picture of that mysterious kingdom, right down to the emperor's dog, which had a habit of peeing on the shoes of dignitaries. "As scathing and witty and sharp-eyed a portrait of autocracy as there is in print," says Jim Shepard (Vintage, $13).
Endurance
Alfred Lansing (1959)
The Jon Krakauer of his day, Lansing gave shape and understated precision to the story of Ernest Shackleton's white-knuckle escape from Antarctica in 1915 after his boat had become locked in ice. Mary Karr says it "reminds me how ill-advised all travel is, and why it's best to stay at home in warm pajamas with a book" (Carroll & Graf, $15).
Eothen
Alexander William Kinglake (1844)
The writer whom Winston Churchill recommended for lessons in prose style gives a subtly self-mocking account of his travels in the Middle East. "It's in many ways the portrait of a considerably dislikable young man, a colonial type who takes a superior air toward the locals he meets," says Jonathan Raban. "Edward Said utterly detested it, but I think he deliberately misread it and didn't catch the irony" (Adamant, $24).
"Exterminate All the Brutes"
Sven Lindqvist(1996)
A Saharan travel diary tracing the routes of British colonial forces becomes an oddly suspenseful meditation on atrocities and genocide, drawing a line from African imperialism to the Holocaust. "The travel writing and historical analysis are equally haunting," says Monica Ali (New Press, $15).
Farthest North: The Voyage and Exploration of the Fram, 1893–1896
Fridtjof Nansen (1898)
The author, a scientist who went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize, was also bold (or crazy) enough to try to reach the North Pole by getting his boat stuck in ice and drifting north. It didn't work, and he was found a year later, alive and farther north than anyone had ever been. "One of the great works of Arctic exploration," says Akhil Sharma. "Despite the hair-raising story, there are many charming details" (Interlink, $30).
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
Hunter S. Thompson (1972)
Thompson's exuberant, drug-fueled twist on New Journalism reaches its apotheosis in an account aptly subtitled "A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream." "I think it's the first book that ever made me laugh out loud," says Francine Prose. "It's travel as hallucinatory nightmare, a mode of travel that I think is underreported" (Vintage, $13).
The Fearful Void
Geoffrey Moorhouse (1974)
Hoping to recover from a failing marriage, Moorhouse sets out to cross the Sahara on foot and by camel, from west to east. He fails there, too, but "it's the failures that make the book so riveting and so humane," says Jim Crace. Paul Theroux admires its "fortitude and fine writing" (out-of-print).
From a Chinese City
Gontran De Poncins (1957; translated by Bernard Frechtman)
A Frenchman's portrait of Cholon, a Chinese section of Saigon, in the 1950s is "very vivid and true," according to Linh Dinh, who spent two years there himself as a child. "His Cholon is a 24/7 Rabelaisian carnival where every door is flung open, where privacy and its attendant brooding are not tolerated, where laughing strangers lean on you in the theater" (out-of-print).
Great Plains
Ian Frazier (1989)
The deadpan novelist's circuitous 25,000-mile drive through the heartland—with stops at the site of the Clutter mass murder and Sitting Bull's cabin—is a popular favorite. "Great Plains has an excruciatingly satisfying molecular approach," says Robert Sullivan. "You see the infinity of the wide stretching center of the country through its small and dusty museum-remembered particulars." Luis Alberto Urrea calls it "a haiku master's journey through perception, both inward and outward." Also nominated by John McPhee and Stewart O'Nan (Picador, $14).
The Great Railway Bazaar
Paul Theroux (1975)
Some travel writers prefer to hoof it or take a boat. But in this, his first travel book, Theroux proves himself a train man. As he goes from London to Tokyo—mostly by rail—his main subjects are the passengers he meets. "It's the perfect travel book," says Peter Hessler. "There's a simple idea behind the journey, but an incredible range of landscapes and people. The book has a wonderful sense of freedom—not at all the feel of a project undertaken to fulfill a book contract" (Mariner, $15).
Hindoo Holiday
J. R. Ackerley (1932)
Holiday is the British colonialist's clearly embellished account of his service as secretary to the Maharaja Sahib of Chhokrapur, an eccentric with a retinue of male lovers. Evelyn Waugh praised Ackerley's "high literary skill." Uzodinma Iweala agrees, adding that it's "totally hilarious and also sad, because you hear firsthand how relations are colored by colonialism" (New York Review of Books Classics, $14).
The Histories
Herodotus (circa 440 b.c.)
This history, may well be the first. As ever after, it's written by the winners, and the Greeks come off well in war with the Persians (recently retold in the film 300). But there is so much more, notes Robert D. Kaplan: "Natural history, geography, and comparative anthropology. Because of Herodotus, history is, in spirit, a verb: 'to find out for yourself.' Along with Joseph Conrad, he is our greatest foreign correspondent" (Prometheus, $16).
The Impossible Country
Brian Hall (1994)
One of the last American journalists allowed into Yugoslavia before its collapse, Hall captures its deterioration with intimate portraits of religious and ethnic tribes. Geraldine Brooks calls this "one of the finest travel books ever written. The journey he makes is unique in that it describes places and ways of being that ceased to be almost the moment he left them behind. The writing is exquisite" (Godine, $24).
In a Sunburned Country
Bill Bryson (2000)
The David Sedaris of travel writing makes Australia, home to some of the oddest and most dangerous of earth's creatures, endlessly entertaining. "I love it," says Erik Larson, "first because it made me laugh out loud and second because I read it the week after 9/11, when I sorely needed some cheering up. It did the job" (Broadway, $15).
India: A Million Mutinies Now
V. S. Naipaul (1991)
At least according to Akhil Sharma, "the last of Naipaul's trilogy of nonfiction works on India is also his greatest." It might have to do with the country's progress, by this point in the writer's life, toward throwing off the bonds of religion and caste. "The book combines great psychological depth with a painterly eye," says Sharma. "Probably more than any book about India, this one gives the reader a sense of place" (out-of-print).
The Innocents Abroad
Mark Twain (1869)
Journeying through Europe to the Holy Land with some hilariously insular fellow Americans, Twain mocks both tourist and native, sometimes subtly but always mercilessly. "It's a book you laugh out loud at," says Robert Sullivan, "and that eventually—in the description of coffee with a guy the vigilantes have deemed a no-good killer and will soon hang—makes you see that America is a dark place, a place we have to be careful about" (Modern Library, $14).
In Patagonia
Bruce Chatwin (1977)
Chatwin's meandering masterpiece about visiting the arid South American plains in search of a mythical brontosaurus relic—and finding instead a lonely haven of European refugees—scored nominations from six writers. Peter Hessler says, "It's hard to figure out how the thing is structured and how it holds together so well." Anthony Doerr loves its "pewter-colored distances and lonesome winds and apocrypha. It is about the unseen, the unknowable, about remoteness itself." Also nominated by Jennifer Egan, John McPhee, Adrienne Miller, and Francine Prose (Penguin, $15).
In the Country of Country
Nicholas Dawidoff (1997)
This series of biographies of country musicians (Merle Haggard, Doc Watson, Johnny Cash, and others) becomes a travel memoir almost accidentally, as the writer hits America's back roads and small towns in search of the genre's origins as well as the roots he feels are being discarded in country's rush into the slick mainstream. "The story of country music," says Jim Shepard, "and the country that created it" (Vintage, $16).
In Trouble Again
Redmond O'Hanlon (1988)
Before setting off deep into the Amazon to meet and "party" with the Yanomami, reputedly the most violent tribe on earth, the author has to find a companion. His warning about a dreadfully invasive parasite doesn't help make his case. "It's a great book because it raises the stakes so high," says Francine Prose. "Nothing bad ever happens to him, but you're on the edge from the very beginning." There's depth, too, as Luis Alberto Urrea attests: "All of his books are beautiful in a subtly apocalyptic way" (Vintage, $14).
Iron & Silk
Mark Salzman (1986)
A common expat experience—teaching English abroad—becomes fodder for a book of unusual scope and point of view, capturing the confusion of a China transitioning from Maoist directives to capitalist imperatives. "It's a personal book," says Geraldine Brooks, "but Salzman's self is in the narrative to help us see the Chinese rather than for the purpose of poking at his own psyche, which I find tedious in many travel narratives" (Vintage, $13).
I See by My Outfit
Peter S. Beagle (1965)
Before becoming a science-fiction writer (The Last Unicorn), Beagle brought his strange perspective to a bizarre cross-country journey via scooter. It was the first travel book Luis Alberto Urrea ever picked up—back when he was a kid stuck in San Diego. "He's a honey-voiced storyteller; an old-line, deep-thinking liberal," he says. "It's a very special book. You can really see it as a precursor to Ian Frazier's Great Plains" (Centro, $15).
The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
America's bicentennial brought renewed interest in completing a definitive edition of these seminal American diaries, which Gary Moulton edited into 13 volumes supplemented with notes and maps. For Luis Alberto Urrea, it was the birth of "the big road book—a classic American writing form." Since then, "we've always had this burning urge." Also nominated by John McPhee (University of Nebraska, $25).
Journey to Portugal
José Saramago (1981)
The Nobel Prize–winning novelist's early work doesn't take him far afield; instead, he digs deep, unearthing the bones of a country too often considered an afterthought. His use of the third person remains a strange choice, but the book was an important guide for Monica Ali, who set a recent novel here. "Not always a smooth read," she says, "but it's drenched in so much history and culture that it's an essential read" (Harcourt, $17).
_Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs and Condition of the North American Indians
George Catlin_ (1841)
Interspersed with Catlin's own illustrations of the Native Americans he met, documented, and mythologized, this is a culture's advance epitaph. "I know that the literal truth of his accounts has been questioned," says Graham Robb, "but he says memorable things about the West, and especially about the frontier zone of filth and degradation that precedes civilization" (Kessinger, $56).
Letters from Egypt: A Journey on the Nile, 1849–1850
Florence Nightingale (1854; published 1987)
Traveling upriver, the future nurse wrote copious letters to family and friends—finally published more than a century later. "I was astonished when I read it," says Rosemary Mahoney. "I know the name doesn't conjure big laughs or big adventure, but this book has both. She was incredibly well-traveled and erudite, had a wicked sense of humor, and was a truly gifted writer. A very valuable look at Egypt at the dawn of tourism there" (Parkway, $19).
Life on the Mississippi
Mark Twain (1883)
The Old Man has infused most of Twain's writing, but here is his distillation of what it means to him. It does extra duty as a cultural history, a memoir of his steamboat days, and an early taste of the stories and influences that would inform his greatest fiction. "I've always loved Twain's descriptions of the river," says Peter Hessler, "as well as the way he portrays a way of life that is gone" (Penguin, $10).
London Perceived
V. S. Pritchett (1962)
The novelist, critic, and traveler wrote books on Spain, New York, and Dublin, but Darin Strauss's favorite "may be his strangest": this insider's guide for visitors. It contains what Strauss considers the single best paragraph describing London (comparing it to "the sight of a heavy sea from a rowing boat"). "His stock on the literary-fame index has taken a fall in the past few years," Strauss laments, "but Pritchett wrote some of the best travel books of the twentieth century" (Godine, $20).
The Long Walk
Slavomir Rawicz (1956)
Unlike most writers—adventurers with a bit of a death wish—Rawicz crossed from Yakutsk, Siberia, to British India on foot with six others because he had no choice: They were escaping from a brutal Stalin-era gulag during World War II, and they endured inhuman suffering along the way. Sebastian Junger, who wrote the introduction for a recent edition, calls it "devastating" and "one of the great books of the century" (Lyons Press, $17).
The Lycian Shore
Freya Stark (1956)
Other Stark adventure books are more popular (like the suddenly timely Baghdad Sketches), but Colin Thubron prefers this slim, deliberative story about sailing off the coast of Turkey in the manner of the ancient traders. "She was attempting an imaginative study of the cultural origins of the West," but in an intuitive way, forsaking scholarship for experience. It's all rendered with "a poignant lyricism that would now be almost impossible to reproduce," says Thubron (out-of-print).
Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found
Suketu Mehta (2004)
An Indian-American returns to the city of his youth and finds it an unrecognizable megalopolis in this Pulitzer Prize–nominated compendium of stories. "An absolutely terrific work," says Akhil Sharma. "Organized around the industries that give Mumbai its reputation—movies, gangsters, prostitutes, and the highest of high finance—the book seems to answer any question one might have." For instance, you'll find out that hit men are terribly paid; one of the coterie asks to use Mehta's shower because he has no running water at home (Vintage, $16).
The Muses Are Heard
Truman Capote (1956)
A decade before In Cold Blood, the legendary writer followed an American theater troupe to the Soviet Union, where they were putting on Porgy and Bess. Peter Hessler likes the mildly satirical portrait "for the way it depicts a group journey. It's interesting there aren't more travel books like this. Capote had the perfect vehicle with that book" (out-of-print).
The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Other Travel Sketches
Matsuo Basho (1694)
In 1689, the master of the haiku walked through northern Japan for several months, inspired by his devotion to Zen Buddhism. His diary "has much to teach us now," says Julia Alvarez. "He traveled light, kept his eyes open, wrote concise and vivid portraits, and, lacking a camera, when a scene was totally overwhelming he left off the prose and punctuated the moment with a haiku" (Penguin, $13).
News from Tartary
Peter Fleming (1936)
Ian Fleming's brother was in many ways his alter ego. He writes with understatement of crossing on foot from Peking to Kashmir with a Bond-girlish Swedish woman he doesn't much like. "He was a journalist, so it's very pacey," says Colin Thubron. What makes it a classic is Fleming's irony and restraint. "He was making little of it," says Thubron, "while Ian Fleming was making a lot of what little he did" (Birlinn Ltd., $16).
The Nomad: Diaries of Isabelle Eberhardt (1987)
Eberhardt's story is reason enough to read these collected memoirs: Born in Geneva in 1877, she moved with her mother to Algeria, converted to Islam, and lived her life as a man. She had many friends, lovers, and enemies, and died in a mysterious desert flood at age 27. Lynne Tillman says that the diaries "contain extraordinary descriptions of the land she sees and the people she meets" (Interlink, $13).
No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo
Redmond O'Hanlon (1997)
What is it about travel writers and mythic dinosaurs? One such beast, said to live in an extremely shallow lake, entices the comedian of errors into a realm of forbidding swamps, leopards, and crazed soldiers. "Along with laughing at the misadventures," says Akhil Sharma, "there is the deep relief that at least one isn't stupid enough to try this." It encouraged Tom Bissell, though, who calls it "the book that made me want to be a travel writer." Also nominated by Monica Ali and Jim Shepard (Vintage, $16).
Notes from the Century Before
Edward Hoagland (1969)
A prolific essayist favored by novelists from Updike on down, Hoagland spent three months in the wilds of British Columbia and produced a rich, contemplative portrait. To Robert Sullivan, the book "feels as clear-watered and pristine as British Columbia was in 1966, the last Western frontier of the North American continent" (Modern Library, $14).
Old Glory
Jonathan Raban (1981)
The British writer pilots a 16-foot aluminum motorboat along the Mississippi. What he finds is much less bucolic than what he read about in Huckleberry Finn at age seven, but that only helps make Old Glory, as Akhil Sharma puts it, "one of the essential travel books about America. Along with the dangers of tugboats and running aground, the book captures the psychological workings of the small towns on the river" (Vintage, $15).
The Pillars of Hercules
Paul Theroux (1995)
Touring a well-worn patch of the world—the Mediterranean coast—Theroux came up with fresh insights by roaming with no itinerary, hitting villages and stretches of beach untouched by tourist and travel writer alike. "A great book," says Linh Dinh, who warns that "going for memorable characterizations, he sometimes oversimplifies" but is often dead-on, as in: "Since arriving in Albania, I had not seen a straight line" (Ballantine, $16).
The Pine Barrens
John McPhee (1968)
For a writer who makes botany and geology transcendent, New Jersey's forgotten and sparsely populated wilderness—"what is even now a secret place," says Robert Sullivan—is a perfect fit. "I guess that most people would not think of McPhee as a travel writer," says Peter Hessler. "But he should be included in a broader definition of a genre that is interested in place and movement" (FSG, $11).
The Places in Between
Rory Stewart (2006)
Rarely does a timely travel book attain classic status as quickly as Stewart's has. The journalist had the luck (good and bad) of wandering through Afghanistan weeks after the Taliban was deposed. "Stewart's clipped, terse style belongs to a bygone era," says Tom Bissell, "but his sensibility is entirely modern." His books, Peter Hessler adds, "come out of a deeper commitment to his subjects than we have traditionally seen in travel literature. I think this is where the genre is going." Also nominated by Stephen Elliott (Harcourt, $14).
Riding the Iron Rooster
Paul Theroux (1988)
Of all Theroux's works, this vast survey of late-eighties China impressed Rosemary Mahoney most. Reading it just after living there, she "was amazed by how accurate and intimate a picture it is. He was also "very prescient about the whole Tiananmen event. Theroux gets a lot of criticism for his opinions, for not always writing about the beautiful. But he's writing about the truth" (Mariner, $16).
The Rings of Saturn
W. G. Sebald (1998)
"All right, this book gets shelved with fiction," Matthew Sharpe concedes, but he wasn't the only one to argue that the writer's walk through the eastern coast of England is a breakthrough in travel writing. "Nothing beats Sebald's descriptions of these small towns and the people there," says Uzodinma Iweala. Sharpe says, "It is melancholy and weirdly funny on occasion and contains striking insights, like the one about how the history of humans is the history of combustion" (New Directions, $16).
The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Sudan
Winston Churchill (1899)
The young would-be prime minister's work is a travel book masquerading as triumphalist military history. "Here is geography the way it was supposed to have been taught," says Robert D. Kaplan. "Churchill proves the point that travel writing at its best offers a technique for discussing other, more serious subjects in an interesting narrative format" (BiblioBazaar, $15).
The Road to Oxiana
Robert Byron (1937)
Byron's eclectic, architecture-obsessed quest to find this ancient land in Afghanistan is credited with perfecting what would become the faux-casual tone of modern travel writing. Jonathan Raban calls it "a work of fantastic craft and artifice and calculation, though it pretends to be just scribbled off on the spur of the moment." It has, says Colin Thubron, "the most exact and poetic descriptions of Afghan and Iranian architecture. Some of these buildings are gone and just live through Byron's descriptions." Also nominated by Tom Bissell (Oxford University Press, $15).
Rome and a Villa
Eleanor Clark (1952)
Clark came to Rome on a Guggenheim fellowship to write a novel. Instead, says Anthony Doerr, "she walked, she looked, and she unleashed her tremendous intelligence. The result is…intimate, explosive, swimming with memory." Jim Shepard cites the book's middle section, about Hadrian's ancient villa, as "the best meditation I've ever read on a work of art situated in its place and culture" (Zoland, $18).
Roughing It
Mark Twain (1872)
The ironist made this journey west between 1861 and 1865 along with his brother, the secretary of the Nevada Territory. Twain had enlisted on the Confederate side in the Civil War but quickly defected. "Somewhere back east, a war is happening," says Jonathan Raban. "At the back of the book, there is the hum and buzz of the war from which Twain is on the run, and it sort of darkens a splendid ironic comedy" (Penguin, $7).
Sandstorms: Days and Nights in Arabia
Peter Theroux (1990)
Paul Theroux's brother also wrote a great travel book, but his is a slow burner, not a whirlwind tour. It begins as a search for a vanished Lebanese imam but focuses more on understanding Saudi culture from within. "Theroux actually lived and worked in Saudi Arabia," says Geraldine Brooks, "and is therefore able to riff mercilessly on the inadequacies of most writing by Western blow-ins who purport to understand that most inscrutable country. It's hilarious and chilling by turns" (Norton, $14).
Sea and Sardinia
D. H. Lawrence (1921)
A nine-day visit to the island spawned the author's most memorable nonfiction work. "Lawrence brings his hallucinatory skills to every mile of the journey," says Anthony Doerr. "The sunbaked towns; the sparkling, forlorn sea; the wildness and humanity of the island. Lawrence never stops paying attention, and in his prose everything—sunlight, a steamship, a vegetable market—becomes ecstatic" (Penguin, $15).
Shah of Shahs
Ryszard Kapuściński (1982; translated by William R. Brand and Katarzyna Mroczkowska-Brand)
What always separated the journalist from other foreign correspondents (aside from his eloquence and his liberties with the facts) was his deep engagement with history. In Iran around the time of the shah's overthrow, he does the job of documenting the revolution's chaos and its many ironies (e.g., it was originally led by democrats) but also gives bountiful context to an earth-shattering event that still resonates today. Nominated by Tom Bissell (Vintage, $13).
A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush
Eric Newby (1958)
Actually, a very long one. The self-effacing adventurer's first book describes his unsuccessful attempt to climb a remote 19,800-foot peak in northeastern Afghanistan. At the time, he was a fashion buyer with no mountaineering experience—apart from a trip to some rocky Welsh countryside. "Consistently hilarious," says Akhil Sharma, "the book is also about a turning point in history, right before all the bitterness that we see today set in" (Lonely Planet, $13).
Siren Land
Norman Douglas (1911)
Long before escaping to Italy became the thing everyone did, wrote about, and parodied, Austrian-born Englishman Douglas documented the experience beautifully—particularly in this survey of the Naples region. "It's just one of the great works of travel writing," says Gore Vidal, who made the same move. "He was a superb writer. If you really want to see how these things should be written, read this" (out-of-print).
Skating to Antarctica
Jenny Diski (1997)
Perhaps echoing Moby-Dick, Diski begins with a lyrical description of whiteness, which summons her time in a mental hospital and fuels her odd passion for the icy continent. Of course she decides to go there. "It's very beautiful and very funny," says Francine Prose, "and she also does a marvelous job of capturing the people on the trip with her. Of all the travel writers around today, she's my absolute favorite" (HarperPerennial, $14).
Slowly Down the Ganges
Eric Newby (1966)
Newby, whose understatement extended to his book titles, had to travel a good distance overland along the river when his rowboat ran aground 200 yards from the starting point. Rosemary Mahoney calls it a "very funny story with just the right mix of history and personal interactions with the locals. His portrait of his sometimes skeptical and often deadpan wife is superb. As a rower, I loved this one" (Lonely Planet, $15).
The Songlines
Bruce Chatwin (1987)
The narrative, which begins with a trip to the Outback, soon breaks for new territory, using Aboriginal song as a metaphor for the evolution of human culture—about which Chatwin has strange, beautiful theories. "After reading this book, you will be convinced that the land you step on, whether at home or abroad, is alive with stories which we need to respect and listen for," says Julia Alvarez, who frequently gives it to traveling friends. Also nominated by Peter Hessler (Penguin, $15).
Southern Baroque Art
Sacheverell Sitwell (1924)
The art critic, baron, and literary scion wrote this survey of the art that arose in the seventeenth century in such creative cauldrons as Lecce, Italy—criticism as imaginative travel. "Some of us are really turned on by good writing—and we're not turned on very often, I can tell you," says Gore Vidal—this being one of his rare examples (Kessinger, $32).
Their Heads Are Green and Their Hands Are Blue
Paul Bowles (1963)
Not long after settling in Tangier, the visionary novelist was charged with recording obscure Moroccan music for the Library of Congress and came away with a series of essays that Francine Prose considers "as dispassionate and odd and beautifully written as his fiction." Lynne Tillman sees Bowles as "an unreconstructed Orientalist to his death," but adds that "his appreciation of Moroccan music and literature was deep and genuine" (HarperPerennial, $14).
A Time of Gifts
Patrick Leigh Fermor (1977)
This is book one of a planned trilogy about the writer's journey on foot from Holland to Istanbul in 1933—the concluding part has not yet been published and Fermor is over 90. No matter, says Colin Thubron: This volume is perfect. "His notes were stolen, but he did the whole thing from memory," Thubron says. That makes it "more natural, looser in a way" than the second volume, but never careless. "It's very Mandarin, a rich sort of prose" (New York Review of Books Classics, $17).
To a Distant Island
James McConkey (1984)
One of Stewart O'Nan's favorites is a very unusual kind of travel book. Having moved to Florence in flight from his depression, the author writes a speculative but deeply researched account of Chekhov's mysterious journey to the remote prison colony on Sakhalin Island in 1890 (Paul Dry Books, $15).
Travels in Arabia Deserta
Charles M. Doughty (1888)
Readers might be better served by a modern distillation of this nearly 1,200-page study of life with the desert nomads in the 1870s—put to paper decades later. The ornate style makes Doughty a must-read despite his Victorian attitude toward non-Christians. He was beloved in his day, too. "England was considered rather dull in the twenties and thirties," says Colin Thubron. "This feeling of excitement was all abroad" (Dover, $18).
Travels in the Interior of Africa
Mungo Park (1799)
The Scottish explorer who "discovered" the Niger River (and drowned in it a decade later) wrote this perennially popular log of his journey. "An iconic work," says Peter Godwin, "and probably the best description of pre-colonial life in Africa. It has inspired a host of writers from Hemingway to T. C. Boyle" (Kessinger, $16).
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville (circa 1355)
There's a good chance this medieval Englishman's journey to Egypt and the Holy Land was entirely fabricated, but it was widely influential in its day and remains, according to Uzodinma Iweala, a "great point of departure for anybody interested in the history of travel writing." Tom Bissell, who recently discovered it, is "deeply ashamed I did not know of it earlier. It is a wonderfully funny, exciting, and profoundly weird account of a pre-modern consciousness at play in what was then an unimaginably huge world" (Dover, $10).
Travels Through France and Italy
Tobias Smollett (1766)
The Scottish author left for southern climes in his middle age and, as Peter Mayle says, "found so much to offend him that he wrote a wonderfully pithy and cantankerous book. He epitomizes a particular kind of English traveler—critical, superior, and deeply suspicious of foreign food and foreign ways. His views on garlic are particularly scathing" (Kessinger, $22).
Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes
R. L. Stevenson (1879)
The author of classic swashbucklers was also a crack travel writer, as in this ass-assisted journey—which, according to Graham Robb, "gives one of the very few accurate views of remote France, not seen through a coach or a train window." Jim Crace thinks credit is due to Stevenson's trusty donkey, Modestine: "It's not where you go. It's the company you keep" (Kessinger, $29).
Travels with Myself and Another
Martha Gellhorn (1978)
Gellhorn's husband Ernest Hemingway is the unnamed "another" in this collection of essays from the intrepid and savvy traveler, but Rosemary Mahoney recommends it for a section in which she treks alone through Africa. "This is an inspired piece of writing with some beautiful characterizations," says Mahoney, "witty, political, vivid, and thoroughly enjoyable" (Tarcher, $16).
**Two Towns in Provence
**M.F.K. Fisher (1983)
This collection of two separate pieces—a sixties portrait of Aix-en-Province and a late-seventies look at Marseille—works for the contrasts they evoke. "Fisher wrote about food and cooking, yes," says Rosemary Mahoney, "but she also beautifully wrote about the places she visited. She had an almost mysterious ability to convey the mood of a place in just a few simple sentences" (Vintage, $17).
A View of the World
Norman Lewis (1986)
Peter Godwin recommends "anything" by this midcentury traveler—"deservedly recognized by Graham Greene as one of the best writers of the twentieth century"—but says this compilation of 20 pieces spanning 30 years is an excellent place to start. As great a journalist as he was a writer, Lewis manages an interview with an executioner for Castro and a report on the genocide of Brazilian Indians (out-of-print).
West with the Night
Beryl Markham (1942)
A bush pilot and the first person to fly solo, east to west, across the Atlantic, Markham writes vividly about her discoveries, explorations, and narrow escapes. "Hemingway called this 'a bloody wonderful book,'" says Peter Mayle, "and so it is." Recent evidence that her husband may have written it casts doubt on her legacy but not on the power of her story (North Point, $15).
The Worst Journey in the World
Apsley Cherry-Garrard (1922)
The adventurer's retelling, from inside the expedition, of Captain Scott's disastrous last attempt to reach the South Pole (made more so by Roald Amundsen's arrival there a month earlier) is "justifiably famous—and well named," says Jim Shepard. Paul Theroux considers it a classic because he is "partial to travel books where a certain amount of difficulty is involved." Also nominated by Mary Karr (Narrative Press, $30).
Wrong About Japan
Peter Carey (2004)
The novelist's account is as much about the generation gap as it is about the disorientation of travel. Carey's inability to grasp Japanese pop culture is magnified by his 12-year-old son's easy embrace of it. "There's this subgenre of books that are much more faithful to what's often the real experience of travel," explains Francine Prose, "which is that you don't understand a thing of what you see" (Vintage, $12).
The Methodology
So many great travel books. How to choose? We asked 45 of our favorite writers for their favorite nonfiction travel titles—the ones that changed the way they considered a certain culture or place or people, that inspired them both to write and to get out into the world themselves. Their nominations—everything from Hunter S. Thompson's 1972 acid trip Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas to Herodotus's 440 b.c. Histories—follow, all of them passionately endorsed and beloved.
The original date of publication follows the title; the current publisher and the price follow each entry.
Here, our all-star literary jury:
André Aciman, Monica Ali, Julia Alvarez, Tom Bissell, Geraldine Brooks, Vikram Chandra, Jim Crace, Jared Diamond, Linh Dinh, Anthony Doerr, Jennifer Egan, Stephen Elliott, Nuruddin Farah, Nell Freudenberger, Peter Godwin, Peter Hessler, Uzodinma Iweala, Sebastian Junger, Robert D. Kaplan, Mary Karr, Erik Larson, Rosemary Mahoney, Peter Mayle, Tom McCarthy, John McPhee, Adrienne Miller, Jan Morris, Stewart O'Nan, Francine Prose, Jonathan Raban, Graham Robb, Akhil Sharma, Matthew Sharpe, Jim Shepard, Darin Strauss, Robert Sullivan, Manil Suri, Paul Theroux, Colin Thubron, Lynne Tillman, Luis Alberto Urrea, Gore Vidal, Sean Wilsey, John Wray, and Lawrence Wright.
Video Highlights
| i don't know |
Sodium bicarbonate consists of sodium, carbon, oxygen and which other element? | sodium (Na) | chemical element | Britannica.com
chemical element
hydrogen (H)
Sodium (Na), chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table (the alkali metal group). Sodium is a very soft, silvery-white metal . Sodium is the most common alkali metal and the sixth most abundant element on Earth, comprising 2.8 percent of the Earth’s crust. It occurs abundantly in nature in compounds , especially common salt —sodium chloride (NaCl)—which forms the mineral halite and comprises about 80 percent of the dissolved constituents of seawater.
Properties and production
Sodium is the most abundant of the alkali metals. Sodium chloride (table salt) is the most common compound of sodium, but many others also are known. Sir Humphry Davy first prepared sodium in its elemental form (1807) by the electrolysis of fused sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium is an important constituent of a number of silicate materials, such as feldspars and micas. There are huge deposits of rock salt in various parts of the world, and sodium nitrate deposits exist in Chile and Peru. Because sodium is extremely reactive, it never occurs in the free state in the Earth’s crust. The sodium content of the sea is approximately 1.05 percent, corresponding to a concentration of approximately 3 percent of sodium halides. Sodium has been identified in both the atomic and ionic forms in the spectra of stars, the Sun, and the interstellar medium . Analysis of meteorites indicates that the silicate material present has an average content of approximately 4.6 atoms of sodium for every 100 atoms of silicon .
alkali metal:
Lighter than water, it can be cut with a knife at room temperature but is brittle at low temperatures. It conducts heat and electricity easily and exhibits the photoelectric effect (emission of electrons when exposed to light) to a marked degree.
Sodium is by far the most commercially important alkali metal. Most processes for the production of sodium involve the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Inexpensive and available in tank-car quantities, the element is used to produce gasoline additives, polymers such as nylon and synthetic rubber, pharmaceuticals, a number of metals such as tantalum , titanium , and silicon; it is also widely used as a heat exchanger and in sodium vapour lamps. The yellow colour of the sodium vapour lamp and the sodium flame (the basis of an analytical test for sodium) is identified with two prominent lines in the yellow portion of the light spectrum.
Significant uses
neptunium (Np)
Two of the earliest uses of metallic sodium were in the manufacture of sodium cyanide and sodium peroxide. Significant quantities were used in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead as a gasoline additive, a market that disappeared with the advent of unleaded gasoline. Substantial amounts of sodium are used in the manufacture of sodium alkyl sulfates as the principal ingredient in synthetic detergents.
Sodium also is used as a starting material in the manufacture of sodium hydride (NaH) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). In addition, sodium is employed in the production of dyes and dye intermediates, in the synthesis of perfumes, and in a wide variety of organic reductions. It is used in the purification of hydrocarbons and in the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. In many organic applications, sodium is used in the form of dispersions in hydrocarbon liquid media.
Molten sodium is an excellent heat-transfer fluid, and because of this property it has found use as coolant in liquid-metal fast-breeder reactors. Sodium is used extensively in metallurgy as a deoxidant and as a reducing agent for the preparation of calcium , zirconium , titanium, and other transition metals. Commercial production of titanium involves reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with sodium. The products are metallic Ti and NaCl.
Principal compounds
Sodium is highly reactive, forming a wide variety of compounds with nearly all inorganic and organic anions. It normally has an oxidation state of +1, and its single valence electron is lost with great ease, yielding the colourless sodium ion (Na+). Compounds that contain the sodium anion, Na-, have also been synthesized. The principal commercial sodium compounds are the chloride, carbonate , and sulfate .
Britannica Stories
Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent
The most important and familiar sodium compound is sodium chloride, or common salt, NaCl. Most other sodium compounds are prepared either directly or indirectly from sodium chloride, which occurs in seawater, in natural brines, and as rock salt. Large quantities of sodium chloride are employed in the production of other heavy (industrial) chemicals as well as being used directly. During the period 2001–06, for example, American salt sales averaged about 28 million tons per year, of which about 16 million tons were used for ice and snow removal, 3.4 million tons for water conditioning, 1.6 million tons for food, and 2.2 million tons for the production of agricultural and industrial chemicals.
Periodic Table of the Elements
Other major commercial applications of sodium chloride include its use in the manufacture of chlorine and sodium hydroxide by electrolytic decomposition and in the production of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) by the Solvay process. The electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride produces sodium hypochlorite , NaOCl, a compound of sodium, oxygen , and chlorine used in large quantities in household chlorine bleach. Sodium hypochlorite is also utilized as an industrial bleach for paper pulp and textiles, for chlorination of water, and in certain medicinal preparations as an antiseptic and a fungicide. It is an unstable compound known only in aqueous solution.
The carbonates contain the carbonate ion (CO32–). Sodium bicarbonate , also called sodium hydrogen carbonate, or bicarbonate of soda, NaHCO3, is a source of carbon dioxide and so is used as an ingredient in baking powders, in effervescent salts and beverages, and as the main constituent of dry-chemical fire extinguishers. Its slight alkalinity makes it useful in treating gastric or urinary hyperacidity and acidosis. It is also employed in certain industrial processes, as in tanning and the preparation of wool. Sodium carbonate , or soda ash, Na2CO3, is widely distributed in nature, occurring as constituents of mineral waters and as the solid minerals natron, trona , and thermonatrite . Large quantities of this alkaline salt are used in making glass , detergents, and cleansers. Sodium carbonate is treated with carbon dioxide to produce sodium bicarbonate. The monohydrate form of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3·H2O, is employed extensively in photography as a constituent in developers.
Connect with Britannica
Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest
Sodium sulfate , Na2SO4, is a white crystalline solid or powder employed in the manufacture of kraft paper, paperboard, glass, and detergents and as a raw material for the production of various chemicals. It is obtained either from deposits of the sodium sulfate minerals mirabilite and thenardite or synthetically by the treatment of sodium chloride with sulfuric acid. The crystallized product is a hydrate, Na2SO4·10H2O, commonly known as Glauber’s salt. Sodium thiosulfate (sodium hyposulfite), Na2 S 2O3, is used by photographers to fix developed negatives and prints; it acts by dissolving the part of the silver salts coated onto film which remain unchanged by exposure to light.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a corrosive, white crystalline solid that readily absorbs moisture until it dissolves. Commonly called caustic soda, or lye, sodium hydroxide is the most widely used industrial alkali. It is highly corrosive to animal and vegetable tissue. The alkaline solutions it forms when dissolved in water neutralize acids in various commercial processes: in petroleum refining, it removes sulfuric and organic acids; in soapmaking, it reacts with fatty acids. Solutions of NaOH are used in the treatment of cellulose and in the manufacture of many chemicals.
Sodium nitrate , or soda nitre, NaNO3, is commonly called Chile saltpetre , after its mineral deposits in northern Chile, the principal source. Sodium nitrate is used as a nitrogenous fertilizer and as a component of dynamite.
Chemical properties
Generally, elemental sodium is more reactive than lithium , and it reacts with water to form a strong base , NaOH. Its chemistry is well explored.
Reaction with air, water, and hydrogen
Sodium is ordinarily quite reactive with air, and the reactivity is a function of the relative humidity, or water-vapour content of the air. The corrosion of solid sodium by oxygen also is accelerated by the presence of small amounts of impurities in the sodium. In ordinary air, sodium metal reacts to form a sodium hydroxide film, which can rapidly absorb carbon dioxide from the air, forming sodium bicarbonate. Sodium does not react with nitrogen , so sodium is usually kept immersed in a nitrogen atmosphere (or in inert liquids such as kerosene or naphtha). It is significantly more reactive in air as a liquid than as a solid, and the liquid can ignite at about 125 °C (257 °F). In a comparatively dry atmosphere, sodium burns quietly, giving off a dense white caustic smoke, which can cause choking and coughing. The temperature of burning sodium increases rapidly to more than 800 °C (1,500 °F), and under these conditions the fire is extremely difficult to extinguish. Special dry-powder fire extinguishers are required, since sodium reacts with carbon dioxide, a common propellant in regular fire extinguishers.
Britannica Lists & Quizzes
Eyjafjallajökull volcano
Generally, alkali metals react with halogen gases, the degree of reactivity decreasing with increasing atomic weight of the halogen. Sodium is no exception to this statement. Under certain conditions of reaction, sodium and halogen vapours react to produce light (chemiluminescence). Halogen acids, such as hydrochloric acid, react vigorously with sodium, yielding the sodium halides. The reactions are highly exothermic, with heats of reaction (energy given off) of −71.8 and −76.2 kcal, respectively, for the reactions with hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids. Sodium is attacked by other strong mineral acids to form the corresponding salts. It reacts with the fumes of nitric acid at 15 °C (59 °F) to form sodium nitrate and with acetic and sulfuric acids to form sodium acetate and sodium sulfate. With molten sulfur it reacts violently to produce polysulfides; under more controlled conditions it reacts with organic solutions of sulfur. Liquid selenium and tellurium both react vigorously with solid sodium to form selenides and tellurides.
Sodium shows relatively little reactivity with carbon, although lamellar (layerlike) materials can be prepared in which sodium is present between graphite layers. At 625 °C (1,157 °F) carbon monoxide reacts with sodium to form sodium carbide and sodium carbonate.
With the exception of the oxides of the Group 4 (IVb) metals (titanium, zirconium, and hafnium), the oxides of the transition metals are all reduced to the respective metals with elemental sodium. Sodium also reacts with a large number of metallic halides, displacing the metal from the salt and forming a sodium halide in the process. This reaction is used in the preparation of several of the transition metals themselves, including titanium and tantalum.
Sodium and all the other alkali metals dissolve in liquid ammonia to give intense blue solutions, and at ordinary temperatures a slow reaction between sodium and ammonia occurs to form sodamide, NaNH2, and hydrogen, similar to the reaction of sodium with water to give NaOH and hydrogen. The reactions are
Na + NH3 → NaNH2+ 1/2 H2
Na + H2O → NaOH + 1/2 H2
The reaction of alkali metal-ammonia solutions to form the amide and hydrogen can be catalyzed by the addition of many metals and metal oxides.
Liquid ammonia is often used as a solvent for sodium, allowing a number of reactions to occur at ordinary temperatures that would otherwise need heat. Sodium superoxide (NaO2), for example, can be formed by passing oxygen through ammonia solutions of sodium at −77 °C (−107 °F). Ammonia also serves as a solvent for reactions of sodium with arsenic , tellurium, antimony , bismuth , and a number of other low-melting metals. Sodium-ammonia solutions are used to blacken polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) to prepare its surface for cementing to other materials. The high reducing power of sodium-ammonia solutions makes them useful in a number of organic reactions known as Birch reductions.
Organic reactions
The organic reactions of sodium have been studied to a greater extent than those of any of the other alkali metals. Sodium reacts with anhydrous alcohols to form the respective alcoholates (or alkoxides) according to
Na + ROH → RONa + 1/2 H2,
in which R is the organic portion of the alcohol (R = CH3- for methanol, CH3CH2- for ethanol , etc.). The reaction is most vigorous with methanol and decreases with increasing molecular weight of the alcohol. Sodium methoxide is produced on an industrial scale by reaction of sodium with excess methanol. Organic acids react with sodium to form sodium salts.
The large negative free energy of formation of sodium halides permits the dehalogenation of a number of organic halides, the formation of the sodium halide being energetically favoured. The so-called Wurtz reaction—based on this principle—is used in organic synthesis to a considerable extent:
2RCl + 2Na → R−R +2NaCl.
By this reaction, octane can be made from bromobutane and sodium. Organosodium compounds include a number in which the sodium atom is bonded directly to a carbon atom; an example is methylsodium, Na–CH3. Such compounds can be prepared by the action of sodium on mercury dialkyls or diaryls, as in the following equation:
Hg(CH3)2 + 2Na → 2NaCH3 + Hg.
Sodium reacts violently with a number of halogenated hydrocarbons. For example, a violent explosion occurs when a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and sodium is subjected to shock. Even when the sodium is diluted to a considerable extent—as in sodium amalgam—a brisk reaction with carbon tetrachloride occurs.
Reaction with metals
Sodium is completely miscible with the alkali metals below it in the periodic table (potassium, rubidium , and cesium). A eutectic (that is, an alloy that melts lower than its components) melting at −10 °C (14 °F) is formed in the sodium-potassium system and is known commercially as NaK. Its composition is approximately 78 percent potassium, and it is used as a heat-transfer fluid and as an organic reactant. The eutectics formed in the sodium-rubidium and sodium-cesium binary systems melt, respectively, at −4.5 and −30 °C (24 and −22 °F). Sodium is the minor component with potassium and cesium of the ternary alloy NaKCs, melting at −78 °C (−108 °F). This fluid is the lowest-melting liquid alloy yet isolated.
Sodium also forms alloys with the alkaline-earth metals. Beryllium is soluble in sodium only to the extent of a few atomic percent at approximately 800 °C (1,500 °F). Liquid sodium and magnesium are only partially miscible. The degree of solubility in sodium of the alkaline-earth metals increases with increasing atomic weight, with the result that the solubility of calcium is 10 percent by weight at 700 °C (1,300 °F). In the sodium-strontium system, there is a considerable degree of miscibility. Sodium forms a number of compounds with barium , and several eutectics exist in the system.
The precious metals, such as silver, gold , platinum , palladium , and iridium , and the white metals, such as lead , tin , bismuth, and antimony, alloy to an appreciable extent with liquid sodium. Cadmium and mercury also react with sodium, and a number of compounds exist in both binary systems. Seven sodium-mercury compounds, or amalgams, exist, with Hg2Na having the highest melting point (354 °C, or 669 °F). Sodium amalgams are used chiefly for carrying out reactions in situations in which pure elemental sodium would be violently reactive and difficult to control. The solubility of transition metals in alkali metals is generally very low, often in the 1–10-parts per million range even at temperatures in excess of 500 °C (930 °F).
Nuclear properties
Natural sodium is the stable isotope of mass 23. Of the radioactive artificial isotopes, sodium-22 (2.6-year half-life, the longest half-life of a sodium isotope) is used as a radioactive tracer for natural sodium. Sodium-24 (15-hour half-life) is limited in use by its short life and is produced by irradiation in a nuclear reactor. Because of this reaction, a sodium-cooled reactor must have a second heat-transfer loop so that radioactive sodium does not come in contact with the environment . Other isotopes have half-lives of a minute or less.
Biological properties
Sodium salts, particularly sodium chloride, are found almost everywhere in biological material. Sodium is an essential element for life, as is potassium, and the two elements maintain a definite balance within the cell structure. Electrolyte balance between the inside of the cell and the outside is maintained by “active transport” of potassium ions into the cell and sodium ions out of the cell. Most of the biological effects of sodium salts are the result of the cation (Na+), with the negative counter-ion apparently not playing a dominant role.
The presence of salinity in soils is often detrimental to plant growth. Sodium ions replace calcium and other ions in clay complexes, transforming the clay to a sticky mass; water percolation is then drastically reduced, and the basicity of the soil rises markedly.
The tolerance of fish to changes in salinity is often quite remarkable. Many marine bacteria and diatoms are able to tolerate salt concentrations as great as 25 percent. The minimum sodium requirement for mammals appears to be 0.05 percent of the diet, corresponding in a normal adult to a requirement of 1–2 grams (0.04–0.07 ounce) of salt per day, which results in an average sodium content of body tissues of 0.24 percent. There is a wide variation of sodium content in the different tissues, with whole blood containing approximately 0.62 percent sodium chloride, whereas skin has a sodium content of less than 0.1 percent. There is a relationship between salt content and water balance of the body; a low salt intake causes loss of water. Considerable quantities of sodium are lost through the skin by perspiration, and considerable quantities can be excreted in the urine.
Element Properties
sodium - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
Life could not exist without compounds of sodium. These compounds hold water in body tissues, and a severe deficiency of sodium can cause death. Blood contains sodium compounds in solution. Sodium compounds are used in industry in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, in metallurgy, in sodium vapor lamps, and in the production of hundreds of everyday products. One of the most common sodium compounds is table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl). In its pure form sodium is a silver-white, soft and waxy metallic element. It is the sixth most abundant element on Earth and occurs in more than trace amounts in the stars and sun.
Article History
| Hydrogen |
In which city is the football match known as Derby della Madonnina played between I Nerazzurri and I Rossoneri? | The Chemistry of Carbon
The Chemistry of Carbon
Inorganic Carbon
For more than 200 years, chemists have divided compounds into two categories. Those that were isolated from plants or animals were called organic, while those extracted from ores and minerals were inorganic. Organic chemistry is often defined as the chemistry of carbon. But this definition would include calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and graphite, which more closely resemble inorganic compounds. We will therefore define organic chemistry as the study of compounds, such as formic acid (HCO2H), methane (CH4), and vitamin C (C6H8O6), that contain both carbon and hydrogen.
The chemistry of carbon is dominated by three factors.
1. Carbon forms unusually strong C-C single bonds, C=C double bonds, and carbon-carbon triple bonds.
2. The electronegativity of carbon (EN = 2.55) is too small to allow carbon to form C4- ions with most metals and too large for carbon to form C4+ ions when it reacts with nonmetals. Carbon therefore forms covalent bonds with many other elements.
3. Carbon forms strong double and triple bonds with a number of other nonmetals, including N, O, P, and S.
Carbon occurs as a variety of allotropes. There are two crystalline forms
diamond and graphite
and a number of amorphous (noncrystalline) forms, such as charcoal, coke, and carbon black.
References to the characteristic hardness of diamond (from the Greek adamas, "invincible") date back at least 2600 years. It was not until 1797, however, that Smithson Tennant was able to show that diamonds consist solely of carbon. The properties of diamond are remarkable. It is among the least volatile substances known (MP = 3550oC, BP = 4827oC), it is also the hardest substance known, and it expands less on heating than any other material.
The properties of diamond are a logical consequence of its structure. Carbon, with four valence electrons, forms covalent bonds to four neighboring carbon atoms arranged toward the corners of a tetrahedron, as shown in the figure below. Each of these sp3-hybridized atoms is then bound to four other carbon atoms, which form bonds to four other carbon atoms, and so on. As a result, a perfect diamond can be thought of as a single giant molecule. The strength of the individual C-C bonds and their arrangement in space give rise to the unusual properties of diamond.
In some ways, the properties of graphite are like those of diamond. Both compounds boil at 4827oC, for example. But graphite is also very different from diamond. Diamond (3.514 g/cm3) is much denser than graphite (2.26 g/cm3). Whereas diamond is the hardest substance known, graphite is one of the softest. Diamond is an excellent insulator, with little or no tendency to carry an electric current. Graphite is such a good conductor of electricity that graphite electrodes are used in electrical cells.
The physical properties of graphite can be understood from the structure of the solid shown in the figure below.
Graphite consists of extended planes of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in which each carbon is tightly bound to three other carbon atoms. (The strong bonds between carbon atoms within each plane explain the exceptionally high melting point and boiling point of graphite.) The distance between these planes of atoms, however, is very much larger than the distance between the atoms within the planes. Because the bonds between planes are weak, it is easy to deform the solid by allowing one plane of atoms to move relative to another. As a result, graphite is soft enough to be used in pencils and as a lubricant in motor oil.
"Lead" pencils do not, incidentally, contain lead. (This is fortunate because many people chew pencils and lead compounds are toxic.) Lead pencils contain graphite, or "black lead" as it was once known, which is mixed with clay (20% to 60% by weight) and then baked to form a ceramic rod. Increasing the percentage of clay makes the pencil harder, so that less graphite is deposited on the paper.
The characteristic properties of graphite and diamond might lead you to expect that diamond would be more stable than graphite. This is not what is observed experimentally. The standard enthalpy of formation of diamond (
Hof = 2.425 kJ/mol) is slightly larger than the enthalpy of formation of graphite, which is the most stable form of carbon at 25oC and 1 atm pressure. At very high temperatures and pressures, diamond becomes more stable than graphite. In 1955 General Electric developed a process to make industrial-grade diamonds by treating graphite with a metal catalyst at temperatures of 2000 to 3000 K and pressures above 125,000 atm. Roughly 40% of industrial-quality diamonds are now synthetic. Although gem-quality diamonds can be synthesized, the costs involved are prohibitive.
Both diamond and graphite occur as regularly packed crystals. Other forms of carbon are amorphous
they lack a regular structure. Charcoal, carbon black, and coke are all amorphous forms of carbon. Charcoal results from heating wood in the absence of oxygen. To make carbon black, natural gas or other carbon compounds are burned in a limited amount of air to give a thick, black smoke that contains extremely small particles of carbon, which can be collected when the gas is cooled and passed through an electrostatic precipitator. Coke is a more regularly structured material, closer in structure to graphite than either charcoal or carbon black, which is made from coal.
Carbides: Covalent, Ionic, and Interstitial
Although carbon is essentially inert at room temperature, it reacts with less electronegative negative elements at high temperatures to form compounds known as carbides. When carbon reacts with an element of similar size and electronegativity, a covalent carbide is produced. Silicon carbide, for example, is made by treating silicon dioxide from quartz with an excess of carbon in an electric furnace at 2300 K.
SiO2(s)
+
2 OH-
At one time, miners' lamps were fueled by the combustion of acetylene prepared from the reaction of calcium carbide with water.
Interstitial carbides, such as tungsten carbide (WC), form when carbon combines with a metal that has an intermediate electronegativity and a relatively large atomic radius. In these compounds, the carbon atoms pack in the holes (interstices) between planes of metal atoms. The interstitial carbides, which include TiC, ZrC, and MoC retain the properties of metals. They act as alloys, rather than as either salts or covalent compounds.
Although the different forms of carbon are essentially inert at room temperature, they combine with oxygen at high temperatures to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
2 C(s)
+
H2(g)
Because this mixture of gases is formed by the reaction of charcoal or coke with water it is often referred to as water gas. It is also known as town gas because it was once made by towns and cities for use as a fuel. Water gas, or town gas, was a common fuel for both home and industrial use before natural gas became readily available. The H2 burns to form water, and the CO is oxidized to CO2. Eventually, as our supply of natural gas is depleted, it will become economical to replace natural gas with other fuels, such as water gas, that can be produced from our abundant supply of coal.
CO and CO2 are both colorless gases. CO boils at -191.5oC, and CO2 sublimes at -78.5oC. Although CO has no odor or taste, CO2 has a faint, pungent odor and a distinctly acidic taste. Both are dangerous substances but at very different levels of exposure. Air contaminated with as little as 0.002 grams of CO per liter can be fatal because CO binds tightly to the hemoglobin and myoglobin that carry oxygen through the blood. CO2 is not lethal until the concentration in the air approaches 15%. At that point, it has replaced so much oxygen that a person who attempts to breathe this atmosphere suffocates. The danger of CO2 poisoning is magnified by the fact that CO2 is roughly 1.5 times more dense than the air in our atmosphere. Thus, CO2 can accumulate at the bottom of tanks or wells.
CO2 In the Atmosphere
CO2 influences the temperature of the atmosphere through the greenhouse effect, which works as follows. CO2 absorbs some of the lower energy, longer wavelength infrared radiation from the sun that would otherwise be reflected back from the surface of the planet. Thus, CO2 in the atmosphere traps heat. Although there are other factors at work, it is worth noting that Venus, whose atmosphere contains a great deal of CO2, has a surface temperature of roughly 400oC, whereas Mars, with little or no atmosphere, has a surface temperature of -50oC.
There are many sources of CO2 in the atmosphere. Over geologic time scales, the largest source has been volcanoes. Within the last century, the combustion of petroleum, coal, and natural gas has made a significant contribution to atmospheric levels of CO2 (see figure below). Between 1958 and 1978, the average level of CO2 in the atmosphere increased by 6%, from 315.8 to 334.6 ppm.
At one time, the amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere was not a matter for concern because natural processes that removed CO2 from the atmosphere could compensate for the CO2 that entered the atmosphere. The vast majority of the CO2 liberated by volcanic action, for example, was captured by calcium oxide or magnesium oxide to form calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate.
CaO(s)
It then reacts with water to form carbonic acid, H2CO3.
CO2(aq)
H2O(l)
H2CO3(aq)
As a result of these reactions, the sea contains about 60 times more CO2 than the atmosphere.
Can the sea absorb more CO2 from the atmosphere, or is it near its level of saturation? Is the rate at which the sea absorbs CO2 greater than the rate at which we are adding it to the atmosphere? The observed increase in the concentration of CO2 in recent years suggests pessimistic answers to these two questions. A gradual warming of the earth's atmosphere could result from continued increases in CO2 levels, with adverse effects on the climate and therefore the agriculture of at least the northern hemisphere.
The Chemistry of Carbonates: CO32- and HCO3-
Egg shells are almost pure calcium carbonate. CaCO3 can also be found in the shells of many marine organisms and in both limestone and marble. The fact that none of these substances dissolve in water suggests that CaCO3 is normally insoluble in water. Calcium carbonate will dissolve in water saturated with CO2, however, because carbonated water (or carbonic acid) reacts with calcium carbonate to form calcium bicarbonate, which is soluble in water.
CaCO3(s)
+
2 HCO3-(aq)
When water rich in carbon dioxide flows through limestone formations, part of the limestone dissolves. If the CO2 escapes from this water, or if some of the water evaporates, solid CaCO3 is redeposited. When this happens as water runs across the roof of a cavern, stalactites, which hang from the roof of the cave, are formed. If the water drops before the carbonate reprecipitates, stalagmites, which grow from the floor of the cave, are formed.
The chemistry of carbon dioxide dissolved in water is the basis of the soft drink industry. The first artificially carbonated beverages were introduced in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. Carbonated soft drinks today consist of carbonated water, a sweetening agent (such as sugar, saccharin, or aspartame), an acid to impart a sour or tart taste, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and preservatives. As much as 3.5 liters of gaseous CO2 dissolve in a liter of soft drink. The CO2 contributes the characteristic bite associated with carbonated beverages.
Carbonate chemistry plays an important role in other parts of the food industry as well. Baking soda, or bicarbonate of soda, is sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, a weak base, which is added to recipes to neutralize the acidity of other ingredients. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a weak acid, such as tartaric acid or calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4). When mixed with water, the acid reacts with the HCO3- ion to form CO2 gas, which causes the dough or batter to rise.
HCO3-(aq)
+
CO2(g)
Before commercial baking powders were available, cooks obtained the same effect by mixing roughly a teaspoon of baking soda with a cup of sour milk or buttermilk. The acids that give sour milk and buttermilk their characteristic taste also react with the bicarbonate ion to give CO2.
Fullerenes
In 1985 Richard Smalley and co-workers at Rice University made a uniquely stable form of carbon by vaporizing graphite with a laser. The apparatus in which this experiment was performed was designed to create small molecules that were clusters of atoms. In this cluster generator, a pulse of helium gas was swept over the surface of the graphite as it was excited with the laser. The mixture of helium and carbon atoms that vaporized from the graphite surface cooled as the gas expanded, and molecules with the formula C60 were formed that have a structure that has the symmetry of a soccer-ball. Because this structure resembles the geodesic dome invented by R. Buckminster Fuller, C60 was named buckminsterfullerene, or "buckyball" for short.
Although it was formally a new form of pure carbon, C60 seemed to be nothing more than a laboratory curiosity until 1990, when Wolfgang Kratschmer and Konsantinos Kostiropoulos, at the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg, reported that this material could be made by heating a graphite rod in an atmosphere of helium until the graphite evaporated. Once it was known that C60 could be synthesized in large quantities, researchers looked for, and found it, in such common sources as the flame of a sooty candle. It has even been found in the black soot that collects on the glass screen in front of a fireplace.
Some of the excitement chemists experienced when C60 was synthesized can be understood by contrasting this form of pure carbon with diamond and graphite. C60 is unique because it exists as distinct molecules, not extended arrays of atoms. Equally important, C60 can be obtained as a pure substance, whereas the surfaces of diamond and graphite are inevitably contaminated by hydrogen atoms that bind to the carbon atoms on the surface.
C60 is now known to be a member of a family of compounds known as the fullerenes. Other compounds in this family include C32, C44, C50, C58, and C70. C60
may be the most important of the fullerenes because it is the most perfectly symmetric molecule possible, spinning in the solid at a rate of more than 100 million times per second. Because of their symmetry, C60 molecules pack as regularly as Ping-Pong balls. The resulting solid has unusual properties. Initially, it is as soft as graphite, but when compressed by 30%, it becomes harder than diamond. When this pressure is released, the solid springs back to its original volume. C60 therefore has the remarkable property that it bounces back when shot at a metal surface at high speeds.
C60 also has the remarkable ability to form compounds in which it is an insulator, a conductor, a semiconductor, or a superconductor. By itself, C60 is a semiconductor. When mixed with just enough potassium to give a compound with the empirical formula K3C60, it conducts electricity like a metal. When excess potassium is added, this solid becomes an insulator. When K3C60 is cooled to 18 K, the result is a superconductor. The potential of fullerene chemistry for both practical materials and laboratory curiosities is large enough to explain why this molecule can be described as "exocharmic"
it exudes charm.
| i don't know |
Which bear has the scientific name Ursus maritimus? | Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear)
Home » Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear)
Ursus maritimus
Synonym(s):
Thalarctos maritimus (Phipps, 1774)
Taxonomic Source(s): Wilson, D.E. 1976. Cranial variation in polar bears. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 3: 447-453. Taxonomic Notes:
Phipps (1774) first described the Polar Bear as a distinct species and named it Ursus maritimus. Other names were suggested including Thalassarctos, Thalarctos, and Thalatarctos. Erdbrink (1953) and Thenius (1953) ultimately settled on Ursus (Thalarctos) maritimus because of interbreeding between Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Polar Bears in zoos. Based on the fossil record, Kurtén (1964) recommended the Phipps (1774) name Ursus maritimus, which was promoted by Harington (1966), Manning (1971) and Wilson (1976) and is used today (see DeMaster and Stirling 1981, Amstrup 2003, Wilson and Reeder 2005).
2015-08-27
Assessor(s):
Wiig, Ø., Amstrup, S., Atwood, T., Laidre, K., Lunn, N., Obbard, M., Regehr, E. & Thiemann, G.
Reviewer(s):
Akçakaya, H.R., Holmes, E., Reynolds, J., Stern, H., Schliebe, S. & Derocher, A.E
Justification:
Loss of Arctic sea ice due to climate change is the most serious threat to Polar Bears throughout their circumpolar range (Obbard et al. 2010, Stirling and Derocher 2012, USFWS 2015). We performed a data-based sensitivity analysis with respect to this threat by evaluating the potential response of the global Polar Bear population to projected sea-ice conditions. Our analyses included a comprehensive assessment of generation length (GL) for Polar Bears; development of a standardized sea-ice metric representing important habitat characteristics for the species; and population projections, over three Polar Bear generations, using computer simulation and statistical models representing alternative relationships between sea ice and Polar Bear abundance.
Our analyses highlight the potential for large reductions in the global Polar Bear population if sea-ice loss continues, which is forecast by climate models and other studies (IPCC 2013). Our analyses also highlight the large amount of uncertainty in statistical projections of Polar Bear abundance and the sensitivity of projections to plausible alternative assumptions. Across six scenarios that projected polar bear abundance three generations forward in time using the median and 95th percentile of estimated GL, the median probability of a reduction in the mean global population size greater than 30% was approximately 0.71 (range 0.20-0.95; see Table 4 in the attached Supporting Material). The median probability of a reduction greater than 50% was approximately 0.07 (range 0-0.35), and the probability of a reduction greater than 80% was negligible. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List Guidelines suggests that assessors consider nearly the full range of uncertainty in potential outcomes, and adopt a precautionary but realistic attitude toward risk tolerance (Section 3.2.3, IUCN 2014). In light of the significant probability, across scenarios, of a reduction in mean global population size greater than 30%, and the relatively low probability of a reduction greater than 50%, we conclude that Polar Bears currently warrant listing as Vulnerable under criterion A3c (IUCN 2014).
For further information about this species, see 22823_Ursus_maritimus.pdf .
A PDF viewer such as Adobe Reader is required.
Previously published Red List assessments:
2008 – Vulnerable (VU)
Geographic Range [top]
Range Description:
Polar Bears live throughout the ice-covered waters of the circumpolar Arctic (Obbard et al. 2010, www.pbsg.npolar.no ). Although some occur in the permanent multi-year pack ice of the central Arctic basin, they are most common in the annual ice over the continental shelf and inter-island archipelagos that surround the polar basin. Polar Bears that have continuous access to sea ice are able to hunt throughout the year. However, in those areas where the sea ice melts completely each summer, Polar Bears are forced to spend several months on land, where they primarily fast on stored fat reserves until freeze-up. Use of land by Polar Bears during the ice-free season appears to be increasing at least in some areas where sea ice duration has declined (e.g., Schliebe et al. 2008, Herreman and Peacock 2013). The southern extent of the range of Polar Bears occurs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost documented observation of a Polar Bear was at 89°46’N, 25 km from the North Pole (van Meurs and Splettstoesser 2003). Currently, the most southerly known denning area is on Akimiski Island in James Bay, Canada, at about 52°35’N (Kolenosky and Prevett 1983).
The species is found in Canada (Manitoba, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Quebec, Yukon Territory, Ontario), Greenland/Denmark, Norway (including Svalbard), Russian Federation (North European Russia, Siberia, Chukotka, Sakha (Yakutia), Krasnoyarsk), United States (Alaska). Also, vagrants occasionally reach Iceland.
Countries occurrence:
Native:
Canada (Labrador, Manitoba, Newfoundland I, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec, Yukon); Greenland; Norway; Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk, North European Russia, West Siberia, Yakutiya); Svalbard and Jan Mayen; United States (Alaska)
FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Population [top]
Population:
At present, 19 subpopulation units of Polar Bears are recognized by the Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG) of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (Obbard et al. 2010). Genetic studies have shown that gene flow occurs among the various subpopulations (Paetkau et al. 1999, Crompton et al. 2008, Peacock et al. 2015) and there is no evidence that any of the units have been evolutionarily separated for significant periods of time. Although demographic exchange may be limited between subpopulations (Mauritzen et al. 2002, Crompton et al. 2008, Peacock et al. 2015), some demographic and genetic exchange occurs. Consequently, the Polar Bear subpopulations cannot be considered as distinct demographic units and the term “management units” may be more accurate. Ongoing reductions in the duration, distribution, and quality of sea ice due to climate change (Sahanatien and Derocher 2012) may result in different levels of genetic and demographic exchange among subpopulations in the future (Derocher et al. 2004, Molnár et al. 2010), which could lead to new metapopulation dynamics or to functionally isolated subpopulations.
The PBSG summarized the best-available scientific information on the status of the 19 subpopulations of Polar Bears in 2014 (PBSG 2015) including an assessment of current trend (i.e., estimated change in population size over a 12-year period, centred on the time of assessment). The PBSG concluded that one subpopulation (M’Clintock Channel) has increased, six were stable (Davis Strait, Foxe Basin, Gulf of Boothia, Northern Beaufort Sea, Southern Hudson Bay, and Western Hudson Bay), three were considered to have declined (Baffin Bay, Kane Basin, and Southern Beaufort Sea) and, for the remaining nine (Arctic Basin, Barents Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Greenland, Kara Sea, Lancaster Sound, Laptev Sea, Norwegian Bay, and Viscount Melville Sound) there were insufficient data to provide an assessment of current trend. The type, precision, and time span of data used to estimate trends varies among subpopulations (PBSG 2015).
Estimating Polar Bear abundance is expensive and difficult because the animals often occur at low densities in remote habitats. Although abundance estimates have generally improved in recent decades (Obbard et al. 2010), information remains poor or outdated for some subpopulations. Summing across the most recent estimates for the 19 subpopulations (Table 3 in the Supplementary Material) results in a total of approximately 26,000 Polar Bears ( 95% CI = 22,000-31,000 ). We note that this number differs from what would be obtained by summing abundance estimates in PBSG (2015), because criteria were not the same for including abundance estimates in the two sources (section Population projections). The total number presented here does not include the Arctic Basin subpopulation, for which no information on abundance is available. The 95% confidence intervals presented here were generated using simulation based on estimates of uncertainty in Table 3 and an assumption that the abundance of every subpopulation is independent of the others (see the section Population projections in the Supplementary Material). The mixed quality and even lack of available information on each subpopulation means caution is warranted when establishing and reporting a single estimate of the number of polar bears across the circumpolar Arctic. Therefore we used the abundance data in Table 3 in a relative manner, to scale subpopulation-specific changes to changes in the global population size, rather than in an absolute manner.
For further information about this species, see 22823_Ursus_maritimus.pdf .
A PDF viewer such as Adobe Reader is required.
Current Population Trend:
Habitat and Ecology [top]
Habitat and Ecology:
Polar Bears occur at low densities throughout the circumpolar Arctic and are more abundant in shallower, ice-covered waters associated with the continental shelf where currents or upwellings increase biological productivity. Seasonally, in the summer open water season, Polar Bears may be found on land in higher densities.
The Polar Bear is a K-selected species with late sexual maturity, small litter size, high maternal investment and high adult survival. The Polar Bear’s reproductive rate is among the lowest in all mammals (Bunnell and Tait 1981) although similar to that of other ursids. Females generally mature at 4-5 years, and enter a prolonged oestrus between late March and early June, although most mating occurs in April and early May. Ovulation is induced by mating (Stirling 2009), and implantation is delayed until autumn. The total gestation period ranges between 195-265 days (Uspenski 1977, Amstrup 2003). Whether or not the embryo implants and proceeds to develop is likely determined by body condition. Pregnant females enter dens in snow drifts or slopes on land, close to the sea (Andersen et al. 2012), or on sea ice (in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas) as early as September/October, but more typically in late autumn (Lentfer and Hensel 1980, Amstrup and Gardner 1994, Wiig 1998). Females give birth inside the den, usually in late December to early January (Derocher et al. 1992, Amstrup 2003). Polar Bears most often give birth to twin cubs; singleton and triplet litters are less frequent. Newborn Polar Bears are blind, sparsely haired and weigh approximately 0.6 kg (Blix and Lentfer 1979). They grow rapidly, fed on rich milk from their mother (36% fat; Derocher et al. 1993), and when they emerge from the den sometime between early March and late April (Pedersen 1945, Wiig 1998), they weigh 10-12 kg (Amstrup 2003). In some regions, after emerging from the den, the female may not have fed for a period up to 8 months, which may be the longest period of food deprivation for any mammal (Watts and Hansen 1987).
Cub mortality is high in the first year (Larsen 1985, Amstrup and Durner 1995, Wiig 1998), with the probability of cub survival largely determined by maternal condition. Mothers with larger fat stores in the fall emerge in the spring with larger cubs which are more likely to survive (Atkinson and Ramsay 1995, Derocher and Stirling 1998, Robbins et al. 2012a). The young usually stay with their mother for two years (Lønø 1970, Stirling et al. 1976, Amstrup and Durner 1995, Wiig 1998), and consequently females on average do not enter a new reproductive cycle more often than every third year most places (Amstrup 2003). In contrast to their low reproductive rates, adult Polar Bears have high survival rates (Obbard et al. 2010).
Polar Bears are the most carnivorous of the extant species of bears. Throughout their range, Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida), preferably young-of-the-year, and to a lesser extent Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus) are their primary prey (Derocher et al. 2002, Thiemann et al. 2008). In some areas they are also known to take Harp Seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus), Hooded Seals (Cystophora cristata), and even larger species such as Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) and Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) (Thiemann et al. 2008). Polar Bears digest fat more efficiently than protein (Best 1984). Polar Bears are large when compared to other ursid species, which is a consequence of their energy-rich diet. Although birds, fish, vegetation and kelp are eaten where locally available during the ice free-season (Pedersen 1945, Russell 1975, Dyck and Romberg 2007, Born et al. 2011, Gormezano and Rockwell 2013), it is unlikely that Polar Bears would be capable of gaining enough nutritional benefit to survive on a primarily terrestrial diet (Ramsay and Hobson 1991, Hobson et al. 2009, Rode et al. 2010b, Rode et al. 2015).
Systems:
Use and Trade [top]
Use and Trade:
The US, Canada, and Greenland allow and manage a subsistence harvest of Polar Bears; harvest is prohibited in Norway and Russia. The principal use of Polar Bears is for subsistence purposes (Obbard et al. 2010, www.pbsg.npolar.no ), including consumption of meat; use of hides for clothing; and small scale handicrafts. Whole hides may be used for subsistence needs, kept as trophies, or sold on open markets. The financial return from the sale of legally taken Polar Bear hides can provide important income for local people in Canada and Greenland. Sport hunting of Polar Bears only occurs in Canada and must be guided by local Inuit hunters. While communities can decide whether or not to allow sport hunts, these hunts must be accounted for within the annual quota assigned to a community; sport hunts are not additive to the quota. Sport hunting can be a major source of income for remote settlements because the financial return from the hunt greatly exceeds that of the hide value (Foote and Wenzel 2009). This often provides an important infusion into local, cash limited, economies.
Annual legal harvest of Polar Bears is between 700 and 800 or 3-4% of the estimated size of the total population of about 20-25,000 animals. The harvest level has been thought to be sustainable in most subpopulations (PBSG 2010). Although poaching, or illegal hunting of Polar Bears, is not thought to be of major concern, recent reports suggest that illegal hunting in eastern Russia may be as high as 100-200 bears per year (Kochnev 2004). At present, the PBSG is assessing the status of this problem in all jurisdictions. Mortality of bears in defence of life and property occur throughout the Polar Bears’ range and are probably inevitable in areas where Polar Bears and people co-exist.
Polar Bear based tourism, including public viewing and photography is increasing. Well established in Churchill, Canada, it is increasing in other remote areas, including Svalbard, Norway, and to a some extent in locations on the north coast of Alaska (primarily Kaktovik and to a lesser degree Barrow).
Polar Bear products are in trade. The range of different products and units of measure used in records makes it difficult to relate trade data to number of polar bears in trade. Export of Polar Bear products from Canada, where most polar bear products in trade originate, represented between 207 (2014) and 404 (2013) individuals in the period 2010-2014 (Canadian CITES authorities pers. comm.). Greenland introduced a voluntary temporary ban on export of Polar Bear products in 2007. All international trade in polar bear parts is surveyed and regulated by CITES. The polar bear is listed by CITES on Appendix II.
Threats [top]
Major Threat(s):
Anthropogenic and natural changes in Arctic environments, as well as recognition of the shortcomings of our knowledge of Polar Bear ecology, are increasing the challenges for Polar Bear conservation and management. Higher ambient temperatures and erratic weather fluctuations, symptoms of anthropogenic climate change, are increasing across the range of polar bears. Polar Bears are dependent upon Arctic sea ice for access to their prey. Their dependence on an ephemeral habitat that exists as a function of sea surface and atmospheric temperatures means that climate warming poses the single most important threat to the long-term persistence of Polar Bears (Obbard et al. 2010). Arctic sea ice loss has thus far progressed faster than most climate models have predicted (Stroeve et al. 2007) with September sea extent declining at a linear rate of 14% per decade from 1979 through 2011 (Stroeve et al. 2012, Stroeve et al. 2014). Because changes in sea-ice are known to alter Polar Bear abundance, productivity, body condition, and distribution (Stirling et al. 1999, Fischbach et al. 2007, Schleibe et al. 2008, Durner et al. 2009, Regehr et al. 2010, Rode et al. 2010a, 2012, 2014b, Bromaghin et al. 2015), continued climate warming will increase future uncertainty and pose severe risks to the welfare of Polar Bear subpopulations (Stirling and Derocher 2012, Derocher et al. 2013). Arctic sea ice extent is linearly related to global mean temperature, which in turn, is directly related to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (Amstrup et al. 2010). Population and habitat models predict substantial declines in the distribution and abundance of Polar Bears in the future (Durner et al. 2009, Amstrup et al. 2008, Hunter et al. 2010, Castro de la Guardia et al. 2013, Hamilton et al. 2014). Although Polar Bears living in historically colder regions of the Arctic might derive transient benefit from a climate-driven transition away from multi-year ice (Derocher et al. 2004), the annual sea ice must persist long enough for Polar Bears to derive benefit from associated changes in seal availability and biological productivity. Recent sea ice simulations suggest large regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago will be ice free for >5 months by the late 21st century (Hamilton et al. 2014). In other parts of the Arctic, the 5-month ice-free threshold may be reached by the middle of the 21st century (Atwood et al. 2015). These studies are based on sea-ice data obtained from the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) ( http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/ ). An annual ice-free period of ≥5 months is likely to lead to extended fasting, which is predicted to lead to increased reproductive failure and starvation (Molnár et al. 2011, 2014a, Robbins et al. 2012b). Nevertheless, uncertainty and regional variability in the near-term effects of climate change must be included in Polar Bear management and conservation plans.
Although there have been local and regional studies on polar bear denning habitat (Kolenosky and Prevett 1983, Messier et al. 1994, Lunn et al. 2004, Richardson et al. 2005, Durner et al. 2003, 2006, 2013, Andersen et al. 2012), large scale mapping of Polar Bear denning habitat across the Arctic has not occurred. It is also unknown how climate change will change denning locations and habitats, though predicted increases in forest fires may have adverse effects on maternity denning habitat in sub-Arctic regions (Richardson et al. 2007). Declining sea ice availability can impair the ability of pregnant females to reach traditional denning areas (Derocher et al. 2011, Cherry et al. 2013) and increases of rain events will be detrimental for denning Polar Bears (Stirling and Derocher 1993, Derocher et al. 2004).
The occurrence of diseases and parasites in Polar Bears is rare compared with occurrences in other ursids. However, with warming Arctic temperatures, altered climate could influence infectious disease epidemiology through mechanisms such as novel pathogen introduction due to range expansion of carrier animals and arthropod vectors; modification of host susceptibility; changes in pathogen evolution, transmission, and number of generations per year; host immunosuppression; shifts in main food sources; altered behaviour; and co-infections with multiple agents (Harvell et al. 2002, Parmesan 2006, Burek et al. 2008, Hueffer et al. 2011). As a result, the potential for exposure to pathogens and resulting disease outbreaks may become more significant threats as Polar Bears experience the cumulative effects of multiple stressors (Patyk et al. 2015).
The warming climate has been associated with an increase in pathogens in other Arctic marine and terrestrial organisms. Parasitic agents that have developmental stages outside the bodies of warm-blooded hosts (e.g., nematodes: Laaksonen et al. 2010) will likely benefit from the warmer and wetter weather projected for the Arctic. Improved conditions for such parasites have already adversely affected the health of some Arctic mammals (Kutz et al. 2013). Bacterial parasites also are likely to benefit from a warmer and wetter Arctic (e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Baker-Austin et al. 2012). As the effects of climate change become more prevalent, there is concern about the emergence of new pathogens within polar bear range, new threats from existing pathogens that may be able to infect immuno-compromised/stressed bears, and the potential for new and existing pathogens to cross human–animal boundaries (e.g., giardia). Because of the previous limited exposure of Polar Bears to diseases and parasites (Fagre et al. 2015), researchers have as yet been unable to determine whether they will be more susceptible to new pathogens. However, concern is exacerbated by the fact that Polar Bears appear to have a naïve immune system (Weber et al. 2013), which may make them particularly vulnerable to infection. Many different pathogens have been found in seal species that are Polar Bear prey; the potential therefore exists for transmission of these diseases to Polar Bears (Kirk et al. 2010). If Polar Bears become nutritionally stressed, altered foraging behaviours such as increased feeding on the internal organs of their primary prey and use of alternative foods (e.g., Prop et al. 2015) may increase the potential for exposure to pathogens. Ensuring the long-term persistence of Polar Bears will necessitate understanding how a rapidly changing physical environment modulates exposure to disease risk factors and, ultimately, population health.
Persistent organic pollutants, which reach Arctic regions via long range transport by air and ocean currents as well as river run off, also increase uncertainty for the welfare of polar bears (Obbard et al. 2010, www.pbsg.npolar.no ). Although Polar Bears live in relatively pristine Arctic regions, a variety of industrial toxic substances are brought into Polar Bear management areas from human anthropogenic activities around the world. Polar Bears are apex predators and are therefore exposed to high levels of pollutants, which magnify with each step in the food web resulting in high concentrations in polar bear tissue (Letcher et al. 2010). A key characteristic of these pollutants is that they persist in the environment due to low biotic and abiotic degradation. The contaminant burdens among Polar Bears are known to vary among regions (e.g., Letcher et al. 2010, McKinney et al. 2011). Even where contaminant burdens may be known, their effects on Polar Bear physiology and health are not well understood (Letcher et al. 2010, Sonne et al. 2012). However, Dietz et al. (2015) showed that the risk for reproductive, immune suppressive and carcinogenic effects in polar bear subpopulations across the Arctic are high due to PCB and perflourinated compounds (PFCs) exposure.
Many of the contaminants are lipophilic and bond tightly to lipophilic tissues. Polar Bears are particularly vulnerable to organochlorines because they eat a fat rich diet. Ringed, bearded, and harp seals comprise the main food of Polar Bears and the blubber layer is preferentially eaten by the bears and subsequently, the intake of pollutants is high (Letcher et al. 2010). Recent studies have documented new pollutants in polar bear tissues which expose the species to even more toxic and complex combination of industrial chemicals (Verreault et al. 2005, 2006; Muir et al. 2006; Smithwick et al. 2006; McKinney et al. 2009, 2011; Gebbink et al. submitted). The potential for contaminants to impact Arctic systems is predicted to increase as climate warming alters global circulation and precipitation patterns (Macdonald et al. 2005, Jenssen et al. 2015) and predicting local and regional effects will become more complicated and uncertain.
A three decade study (1983-2010) of East Greenland Polar Bears revealed both declines of conventional POPs and increases in brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PFCs (Dietz et al. 2008, 2013a,b; Riget et al. 2013). The last decade has showed climate related increases in PCBs as well as peaks of BFRs and PFCs due to recent industrial reductions (Dietz et al. 2013b McKinney et al. 2013).
Although the effects of pollutants on polar bears are only partially understood, levels of such pollutants in some subpopulations are already sufficiently high that they may interfere with hormone regulation, immune system function, and possibly reproduction (Wiig et al. 1998; Bernhoft et al. 2000; Skaare et al. 2000, 2001; Gustavson et al. 2015; Henriksen et al. 2001; Derocher et al. 2003; Derocher 2005; Dietz et al. 2015; Sonne et al. 2015). There are suggestions that species with delayed implantation are more vulnerable to the effects of pollution through endocrine (hormone) disruption (Knott et al. 2011). Further, because female Polar Bears are food deprived during gestation, their pollution load increases in their blood, when energy and pollutants are mobilized from their adipose tissue. Because the cubs are nursed on fat rich milk they are exposed to very high pollution loads from their mother (Polishuk et al. 2002, Bytingsvik et al. 2012). This may pose the greatest threat to the species as the vulnerability of pre- and neonatal polar bears is the most sensible to life-long health effects from long-range transported pollution which decreases immunity, survival and reproductive success (Letcher et al. 2010, Sonne 2010).
An additional emerging threat to Polar Bears is the increase in resource exploration and development in the Arctic along with increased ice-breaking and shipping. There are currently no data on the effects of ice-breaking on habitat use by Polar Bears. Although some studies suggest that Polar Bears are sensitive to localized disturbance at maternity den sites (Lunn et al. 2004, Durner et al. 2006), our knowledge about potential effects of large scale development is lacking.
Oil development in the Arctic poses a wide of range of threats to Polar Bears ranging from oil spills to increased human-bear interactions. It is probable that an oil spill in sea ice habitat would result in oil being concentrated in leads and between ice floes resulting in both Plar Bears and their main prey (Ringed Seal and Bearded Seal) being directly exposed to oil. Polar Bears are often attracted by the smells and sound associated with human activity. Polar Bears are known to ingest plastic, styrofoam, lead acid batteries, tin cans, oil, and other hazardous materials with lethal consequences in some cases (Lunn and Stirling 1985, Amstrup et al. 1989, Derocher and Stirling 1991). Another concern is that seals covered in oil may be a major source of oil to polar bears. Although the biological threats and impacts of oil and gas activities on Polar Bears are reasonably well understood (Øritsland et al. 1981; Hurst and Øritsland 1982; Stirling 1988, 1990; Isaksen et al. 1998; Amstrup et al. 2006), mitigation and response plans are currently lacking (but see Wilson et al. 2014). Moreover, how Polar Bears will be affected by other types of human activity are less well known (Vongraven et al. 2012).
Significant portions of the Polar Bear’s range already are being developed and exploration is proposed for many other areas. With warming induced sea ice decline, previously inaccessible areas will be exposed to development and other forms of anthropogenic activities (e.g., trans-Arctic shipping, tourism). The direct effects of human activities, the increased potential for negative human-bear encounters, and the potential for increased local pollution are all concerns that must be understood if we are to understand and manage impacts on the future for Polar Bears.
Our understanding of Polar Bear population dynamics has improved with ongoing development and refinement of analytical methods (e.g., Taylor et al. 1987, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008a,b, 2009; Amstrup et al. 2001; McDonald and Amstrup 2001; Regehr et al. 2007, 2010, 2015; Aars et al. 2009; Stapleton et al. 2014). These improved and new tools suggest that previous estimates of population parameters and numbers can be biased. Vital rates are subpopulation specific, and different from the generalized rates that were often used to generate previous status reports (Taylor et al. 1987). For the two subpopulations (Southern Beaufort Sea, Western Hudson Bay) that are known to have been impacted by climate change and where a long time series of abundance exist, harvest represents an additive impact. Illegal take of polar bears in Russia, combined with legal subsistence harvest in the U.S., may exceed sustainable limits for the Chukchi subpopulation ( pbsg.npolar.no ). In many cases harvest documentation and the population data necessary to assess the impact of harvest both are insufficient to allow managers to provide the desired balance between potential yield and take. Given the cultural and economic importance of Polar Bear hunting in many regions, understanding the potential for and the impact of hunting continues to be a critical part of management (Obbard et al. 2010, Vongraven et al. 2012, pbsg.npolar.no ).
It is important that subpopulation estimates and projections are based on substantiated scientific data. In some areas, studies to estimate abundance occur infrequently so if the harvest rate is either initially set above the sustainable level or it becomes so, the subpopulation may be reduced before the next inventory is made. In addition, harvest practices may have to be reconsidered given recent knowledge about long-term environmental trends and fluctuations that can affect sustainable removal rates. In some jurisdictions in Canada, the governance system includes aboriginal co-management boards and aboriginal hunting organizations. In some of these co-management systems, both local knowledge and science are to be considered equally in both management and research decisions. Although scientific studies have concluded that the long-term effects of capturing and collaring polar bears are minimal (Ramsay and Stirling 1986, Messier 2000, Thiemann et al. 2013, Rode et al. 2014a), some local groups nevertheless consider these techniques disrespectful or harmful to the animals. As a result, population inventory and ecological studies have been delayed or not permitted. On the other hand, alternative research techniques such as aerial surveys and genetic biopsy capture-recapture methods were designed and implemented. Reduced monitoring will constrain governments’ ability to assess sustainability of harvest especially if abundance is estimated from aerial surveys which cannot provide data on vital rates (Aars et al. 2009, Stapleton et al. 2014).
Human caused habitat change and increasing human-bear interactions also must be incorporated into polar bear population projections (e.g., Hunter et al. 2010) and polar bear harvest management in the future. Due to increased access to previously isolated areas, Polar Bears will face increased risks from a variety of human–bear interactions. New settlements are possible with industrial development, and expansion of tourist visitations is assured. Although the fact of human–bear interactions can be reasonably measured, we have a long way to go to understand the effect of such interactions. The added stresses, resulting from a “more crowded” Arctic, may play an important role in the future welfare of Polar Bears.
Conservation Actions [top]
Conservation Actions:
Conservation actions for Polar Bears vary by jurisdiction and detailed information can be found in Obbard et al. (2010) and at www.pbsg.npolar.no . The International Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears that was signed in 1973 by the five nations Canada, Denmark (Greenland) Norway, Soviet Union (Russian Federation) and USA, provides guidance. Article II of the Agreement states that each contracting party “…shall manage polar bear populations in accordance with sound conservation practices based on the best available scientific data,…” and according to Article VII, “The Contracting Parties shall conduct national research programs on Polar Bears…” and “...consult with each other on the management of migrating Polar Bear populations...”. These articles have been important for stimulating governments to support applied research to answer management questions regarding Polar Bears throughout their range.
In light of the growing concern over Polar Bear conservation in relation to climate change and a number of other issues, such as oil- and gas activities, shipping and tourism, the five Parties have agreed to initiate a process that would lead to a coordinated approach to conservation and management strategies for Polar Bears. A key aspect of this approach is the recognition that plans for action should be developed at a national level leading up to development of comprehensive circumpolar plan for action that address Polar Bear conservation. The Circumpolar Action Plan for Polar Bear is planned to be signed by the parties in autumn 2015.
The Parties recognize that Article VII of the Agreement calls for all Parties to conduct national research programs, particularly relating to the conservation and management of Polar Bears, and that they shall coordinate such research and exchange information on research programs, results, and data on bears taken. The Parties continue to be committed to carrying out research in support of Polar Bear conservation. The Parties also recognize that the technical support and scientific advice on Polar Bear conservation provided by the PBSG supports the 1973 Agreement and is a vital part of the decision making process that the competent authorities should consider in making management decisions. The PBSG has accepted to serve as an independent science advisory body to the Parties.
The PBSG regards the 1973 Agreement as the cornerstone and basis for any action plan on Polar Bears. The PBSG has identified the following research elements to be included in all action plans (Vongraven et al. 2012):
Assessment of subpopulation size and/or trend and projection of future status
Monitoring harvest and other removals
Understanding movements and distribution patterns and how they are changing with ongoing habitat changes
Establishing trends in physical condition and why they are changing
Documenting human-bear conflicts
Documenting trends in habitat use, availability and trends
Documenting trends in pollution and disease
Vital rates estimation, evaluating trends and projection
The PBSG recognizes that particular elements (for example, monitoring of pollution and sea ice habitat) are of inter-jurisdictional concern and would benefit from multi-jurisdictional cooperation. Further, the Parties shall consult with each other on the management of shared Polar Bear subpopulations, and exchange information on research and management programs. The PBSG has reiterated that all management actions be based on the best scientific information. The PBSG has identified these management elements to be included in all action plans (Vongraven et al. 2012):
Protection of essential habitats
Monitoring, prevention and sound management of human-bear conflicts
Development of inter-jurisdictional agreements for shared populations
Development of management strategies to minimize impacts of human activities (e.g. mining, shipping, oil and gas activities, tourism and other human-caused disturbance)
Management of sustainable harvest
Ensure the active involvement of the local public living in polar bear areas in developing and achieving the goals of the action plan
Citation:
Wiig, Ø., Amstrup, S., Atwood, T., Laidre, K., Lunn, N., Obbard, M., Regehr, E. & Thiemann, G. 2015. Ursus maritimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T22823A14871490. . Downloaded on 20 January 2017.
Disclaimer:
| Polar bear |
The name of which railway company is contained in the full title of the Turner painting Rain, Steam and Speed? | Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus
Other Names for Ursus maritimus
Vernacular Names: Polar Bear
References
Shields, GF, Adams, D, Garner, G, Labelle, M, Pietsch, J, Ramsay, M, Schwartz, C, Titus, K, Williamson, S. 2000. Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15:319-326.
Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Scientific Name
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0 .
Copyright
About This Page
Page copyright © 2008
Page: Tree of Life Ursus maritimus. Polar Bear. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0 . Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies .
First online 12 October 2008
Content changed 12 October 2008
Citing this page:
Tree of Life Web Project. 2008. Ursus maritimus. Polar Bear. Version 12 October 2008 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Ursus_maritimus/123667/2008.10.12 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
| i don't know |
Who duetted with Robbie Williams on the 2001 Christmas Number One Somethin’ Stupid? | Christmas Number 1 2001 - Robbie Williams & Nicole Kidman - Capital
Christmas Number 1 2001 - Robbie Williams & Nicole Kidman
Robbie Williams and Nicole Kidmans festive No. 1, a cover of Frank and Nancy Sinatra's 1967 hit.
Robbie and Nicole's take on what is a 'love song standard' did very little to mess with the original formula. Keeping the same two-part harmony, flamenco guitar intro and strings. Robbie sung the song straight with any of the over-the-top Robbie vocal acrobatics we've got used to. Nicole Kidman showed us that the singing voice she cracked open whilst starring in Moulin Rouge was something she should perhaps show us more often.
Taken from Robbie's album 'Swing When You're Winning' the single was a huge hit for Robbie and Academy Award winning actress Nicole Kidman, selling over 366,000 copies and was the 30th best selling single of 2001.
Take a look at the video for 'Somethin' Stupid' and let us know what you think below...
Call On Me (Ryan Riback Remix)
Starley
Say You Won't Let Go
James Arthur
| Nicole Kidman |
Which is the next letter in the Greek alphabet – omicron, pi, rho, ______? | BBC News | MUSIC | Robbie and Nicole heading for top
Thursday, 13 December, 2001, 18:03 GMT
Robbie and Nicole heading for top
Williams and Kidman face a battle for the top spot
Robbie Williams and Nicole Kidman's cover of the Sinatra classic Somethin' Stupid is on course to enter the charts at number one this Sunday, midweek sales figures suggest.
If he achieve this, Williams will have a double number one, as his Swing When You're Winning album is still soaring and looks set to remain at number one for a fourth consecutive week.
It could be one of the closest finishes for a long time - coming down to just a few hundred sales
HMV
But despite the indicators, HMV is predicting that Gordon Haskell, with his gentle ballad, How Wonderful You Are, might just jump in and steal the Christmas crown.
Current sales at HMV and other stores suggest Somethin' Stupid will sell in excess of 100,000 copies this week to comfortably overtake Daniel Bedingfield's Gotta Get Thru This.
Newcomer Bedingfield has so far topped the charts for the last fortnight.
HMV top 5 Christmas Predictions:
SINGLES
1. Gordon Haskell / How Wonderful You Are
2. Robbie Williams and Nicole Kidman / Somethin' Stupid
3. Daniel Bedingfield / Gotta Get Thru This
4. Sophie Ellis Bextor / Murder on the Dancefloor
5. Stereophonics / Handbags and Gladrags
Sales of the rest of the top five are very close and difficult to predict, but Sophie Ellis Bextor (Murder on the Dancefloor), Ian Van Dahl (Will I) and Stereophonics (Handbags & Gladrags) are likely to make up the rest of the top five on Sunday.
With just 10 days to go before the Christmas chart is announced, the big question is whether Williams and Kidman can hang on to claim the number one.
Real challenge
Unexpected competition could come from Gordon Haskell, after some 250,000 pre-orders of his single were placed by retailers.
Nicole Kidman sings 'Somethin' Stupid' with Robbie Williams
The single has been popularised primarily by BBC Radio 2, who have made it their record of the week.
A spokesman for HMV said: "We know from previous experience that anything is possible when it comes to the Christmas number one.
"However, HMV will stick its neck out and plump for Gordon Haskell - just.
"If this virtual unknown does pull it off to deny Robbie, it will be one of the biggest upsets in charts history."
| i don't know |
Paul Jones was vocalist with which group until going solo in 1966? | Paul Jones | New Music And Songs |
Paul Jones
About Paul Jones
As lead singer of Manfred Mann from 1963 to 1966, Paul Jones was one of the best vocalists of the British Invasion, able to put over blues, R&B, and high-energy pop/rock with an appealing mix of polish and soul. That made the mediocre, at times appalling quality of his late-'60s solo recordings, on which he pursued a far more MOR direction, an all the more perplexing disappointment.
As early as 1965, the press was speculating that Jones -- the only one of the Manfreds with any conventional heartthrob appeal -- would be leaving the group for a solo career. Jones and the group denied these rumors for quite some time, but Paul did in fact hand in his notice around late 1965, although he stayed with Manfred Mann through much of 1966 while they arranged for a replacement. The lure of going solo was not purely musical; Jones also wanted to pursue opportunities in the acting field, landing a big role right away as a lead in the '60s cult movie Privilege, which unsurprisingly cast him as a pop singer. Jones also sang a few songs in the film, the best of which was the ominous, hymn-like "Set Me Free," which was covered by Patti Smith in the mid-'70s.
Jones rang up a couple of British Top Ten hits in late 1966 and early 1967 with "High Time" and "I've Been a Bad Bad Boy," although his solo recording career would never get off the ground in the U.S. Both of these were straight MOR pop tunes that sounded much closer to Tom Jones than the Paul Jones of old. Unfortunately, the brassy British pop arrangements of Mike Leander (most noted for his work on Marianne Faithfull's early records) and weak -- at times perversely selected -- material characterized his late-'60s records. After those first two Top Ten singles, he wasn't even that successful in Britain, let alone America, where he was soon forgotten.
Jones at least wasn't starving for work, moving his focus from records to acting in the theater, which he continued to do steadily over the next few decades. He did eventually re-embrace his blues roots as singer for the low-key Blues Band, as well as participating in some Manfred Mann reunion performances. A new album, Showcase, appeared in 2001 from Hallmark Records, followed eight years later in 2009 by Starting All Over Again from Collectors' Choice. ~ Richie Unterberger, Rovi
Hear more of
| Manfred Mann |
Brenda Blethyn and Marianne Jean-Baptiste appeared on a stamp issued last month in a scene from which 1996 film? | Paul Jones — Listen for free on Spotify
Paul Jones
Play on Spotify
As lead singer of Manfred Mann from 1963 to 1966, Paul Jones was one of the best vocalists of the British Invasion, able to put over blues, R&B, and high-energy pop/rock with an appealing mix of polish and soul.
That made the mediocre, at times appalling quality of his late-'60s solo recordings, on which he pursued a far more MOR direction, an all the more perplexing disappointment.
As early as 1965, the press was speculating that Jones -- the only one of the Manfreds with any conventional heartthrob appeal -- would be leaving the group for a solo career. Jones and the group denied these rumors for quite some time, but Paul did in fact hand in his notice around late 1965, although he stayed with Manfred Mann through much of 1966 while they arranged for a replacement. The lure of going solo was not purely musical; Jones also wanted to pursue opportunities in the acting field, landing a big role right away as a lead in the '60s cult movie Privilege, which unsurprisingly cast him as a pop singer. Jones also sang a few songs in the film, the best of which was the ominous, hymn-like "Set Me Free," which was covered by Patti Smith in the mid-'70s.
Jones rang up a couple of British Top Ten hits in late 1966 and early 1967 with "High Time" and "I've Been a Bad Bad Boy," although his solo recording career would never get off the ground in the U.S. Both of these were straight MOR pop tunes that sounded much closer to Tom Jones than the Paul Jones of old. Unfortunately, the brassy British pop arrangements of Mike Leander (most noted for his work on Marianne Faithfull 's early records) and weak -- at times perversely selected -- material characterized his late-'60s records. After those first two Top Ten singles, he wasn't even that successful in Britain, let alone America, where he was soon forgotten.
Jones at least wasn't starving for work, moving his focus from records to acting in the theater, which he continued to do steadily over the next few decades. He did eventually re-embrace his blues roots as singer for the low-key Blues Band , as well as participating in some Manfred Mann reunion performances. A new album, Showcase, appeared in 2001 from Hallmark Records, followed eight years later in 2009 by Starting All Over Again from Collectors' Choice. ~ Richie Unterberger, Rovi
Read More Show less
| i don't know |
Founded in 1088 in which Italian city is the University said to be the oldest in continuous operation? | Top 10 Oldest Universities Around the World
Top 10 Oldest Universities Around the World
by Ejaz Khan
The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning “community of teachers and scholars”. The term was coined by the Italian University of Bologna, which, with a traditional founding date of 1088, is considered the first university. The following list of ten oldest universities in the world shows, through their brief histories and trend.
Here is a list of the Top 10 oldest universities in the world which are in continuous operation.
10. University of Valladolid (Valladolid, Spain, Founded in 1241)
University of Valladolid, Salamanca, Spain and Canary Islands
The University of Valladolid is a public university in the city of Valladolid, province of Valladolid, in the autonomous region of Castile-Leon, Spain. The university currently has 31,780 undergraduate students and more than 2,000 teachers.
At 10th position among the oldest universities in the world, The University of Valladolid (UVa) is a Spanish public university founded in 1241 as removal of studies at the University of Palencia, founded by Alfonso VIII of Castile, between 1208 and 1212. He is currently responsible for teaching higher education in seven campuses distributed through four cities of Castile and Leon: Valladolid, Palencia, Soria and Segovia.
One hypothesis is that its foundation is the result of the transfer of Palencia General Survey between 1208 and 1241 by Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and Bishop Tello Téllez de Meneses.
9. University of Siena (Siena, Italy, Founded in 1240)
University of Siena in Arezzo, Italy
The University of Siena in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest universities and first publicly funded universities in Italy. Originally called Studium Senese, the University of Siena was founded in 1240. The University had around 20,000 students in 2006 nearly half of Siena’s total population of around 54,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schools of Law and Medicine.
Originally called Studium Senese, was founded by Commune of Siena in 1240. In 1321, the studium was able to attract a larger number or pupils due to a mass exodus from the prestigious neighbouring University of Bologna. Closed temporarily in 1808–1815 when Napoleonic forces occupied Tuscany. On November 7, 1990 the university celebrated its 750th anniversary.
8. University of Toulouse (Toulouse, France, Founded in 1229)
Université Toulouse 1 Capitole – The Oldest Universities
The Université de Toulouse is a consortium of French universities, grandes écoles and other institutions of higher education and research, named after one of the earliest universities established in Europe in 1229, and including the successor universities to that earlier university. This article describes the institutions that have been called the “Université de Toulouse”.
The formation of the University of Toulouse was imposed on Count Raymond VII as a part of the Treaty of Paris in 1229 ending the crusade against the Albigensians. As he was suspected of sympathizing with the heretics, Raymond VII had to finance the teaching of theology. Bishop Foulques de Toulouse was among the founders of the University. Among its first lecturers were: Jean de Garlande, Roland of Cremona. Other faculties (law, medicine) were added later. Initially, the University was located in the center of the city, together with the ancestors of student residences, the colleges.
7. University of Naples Federico II (Naples, Italy, Founded in 1224)
The University of Naples Federico II is maybe one of the the oldest universities
Founded by Frederick II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
The University of Naples Federico II is a university located in Naples, Italy. It was founded in 1224 and is organized into 13 faculties. It is the world’s oldest state university and one of the oldest academic institutions in continuous operation. The university is named after its founder Frederick II.
The University of Naples Federico II was founded by emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Frederick II on 5 June 1224. It is the most ancient state-supported institution of higher education and research in the world. One of the most famous students of this university was Roman Catholic theologian and philosopher Thomas Aquinas.
6. University of Padua (Padua, Italy, Founded in 1222)
University of Padua. Department of Structural and Transportation Engineering
Founded by scholars and professors after leaving Bologna.
The University of Padua (Italian Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law and was one of the most prominent universities in early modern Europe. It is among the earliest universities of the world and the second oldest in Italy. As of 2010 the university had approximately 65,000 students.
The university is conventionally said to have been founded in 1222 (which corresponds to the first time when the University is cited in a historical document as pre-existing, therefore it is quite certainly older) when a large group of students and professors left the University of Bologna in search of more academic freedom (‘Libertas scholastica’). The first subjects to be taught were law and theology. The curriculum expanded rapidly, and by 1399 the institution had divided in two: a Universitas Iuristarum for civil law and Canon law, and a Universitas Artistarum which taught astronomy, dialectic, philosophy, grammar, medicine, and rhetoric. There was also a Universitas Theologorum, established in 1373 by Urban V.
5. University of Salamanca (Salamanca, Spain, Founded in 1218)
The University of Salamanca, Spanish higher education institution
The University of Salamanca is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid, in the autonomous community of Castilla and León. It was founded in 1134 and given the Royal charter of foundation by King Alfonso IX in 1218. It is the oldest founded university in Spain and the third oldest European university in continuous operations. It was the first European institution to receive the formal title of “University” as such; it was granted by King Alfonso X in 1254 and recognized by Pope Alexander IV in 1255.
It is the oldest university in operation in Spain. Although there are records of the University granting degrees many years before (James Trager’s People’s Chronology sets its foundation date in 1134), it only received the Royal chart of foundation as “Estudio General” in 1218, making it possibly the fourth or even the third oldest European university in continuous operations. However, it was the first European university to receive the title of “University” as such, granted by king of Castile and León Alfonso X and the Pope in 1254. Having been excluded from the University in 1852 by the Spanish government, the Faculties of Theology and Canon Law became the Pontifical University of Salamanca in 1940.
4. University of Cambridge (Cambridge, England, Founded in 1209)
The University of Cambridge is one of the world’s oldestuniversities
Founded by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute caused by the execution of two scholars in 1209, and royal charter was granted in 1231. The university takes 1209 as its official anniversary.
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world (after the University of Oxford), and the seventh-oldest in the world. In post-nominals the university’s name is abbreviated as Cantab, a shortened form of Cantabrigiensis (an adjective derived from Cantabrigia, the Latinised form of Cambridge).
The university grew out of an association of Cambridge scholars that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two “ancient universities” have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.
3. University of Oxford (Oxford, England, Founded in 1167)
Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
“Claimed to be the oldest university in the world, there is no clear date of foundation of Oxford University, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.” Teaching suspended in 1209 (due to town execution of two scholars) and 1355 (due to the St. Scholastica riot), but was continuous during the English Civil War (1642–1651) – the University was Royalist. All Souls College and University College have repeatedly claimed that they own documents proving that teaching in Oxford started in the year 825, but these documents have never seen the public light (allegedly, John Speed dated his famous 1605 Oxford maps based on these documents). However, it was not until 1254 that Pope Innocent IV granted to Oxford the University charter by papal bull (“Querentes in agro”).
2. University of Paris (Paris, France, Founded in 1150)
The Old Sorbonne on fire in 1670.
It was founded in the mid-12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1170 (or, possibly, as early as 1150). After many changes, including a century of suspension (1793–1896), it ceased to exist as such in 1970 and 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII) were created from it. The university is often referred to as the Sorbonne or La Sorbonne after the collegiate institution (Collège de Sorbonne) founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. In fact, the university as such was older and was never completely centered on the Sorbonne. Of the 13 current successor universities, the first 4 have a presence in the historical Sorbonne building, and three include “Sorbonne” in their names.
1. University of Bologna (Bologna, Italy, Founded in 1088)
The College of Bologna, founded in 1088, may be the earliest academic institution from the Civilized world. At top the Oldest Universities
The first university in the sense of a higher-learning, degree-awarding institute, the word university having been coined at its foundation. At top of the list of ten oldest universities in the world which are in continuous operation.
The Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna is a university located in Bologna, Italy founded in 1088. As of 2000 the University’s motto is Alma mater studiorum (Latin for “nourishing mother of studies”) The University has about 100,000 students in its 23 schools. It has branch centers in Imola, Ravenna, Forlì, Cesena and Rimini and a branch center abroad in Buenos Aires. Moreover, it has a school of excellence named Collegio Superiore di Bologna.
The date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088. The university received a charter from Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, but in the 19th century, a committee of historians led by Giosuè Carducci traced the founding of the University back to 1088, which would make it one of the oldest universities in the world.
kaash………! our leaders take interest on this side???????????
jack
| Bologna |
Former racing driver Johnny Dumfries, born at Rothesay in 1958, is the 7th Marquess of _______ where? | Wall
Aug 9, 2013 at 6:00 pm
ITALY IS COOL! (interesting facts):
- A 2007 UNICEF ranked Italy as the best country for family relationships.
- Two of Europe's smallest countries, San Marino and the Vatican, are enclaved within Italy.
- Italy is the 4th most visited country with 40 million visitors/year.
- The city of Syracuse in Sicily was once the largest Ancient Greek city in the world.
- The world's largest Christian edifice is the Basilica of Saint Peter in Rome. The construction took 120 years.
- The world’s first true pizzeria, Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba, opened in Naples in 1830.
- Each Italian consumes in average 25kg of pasta each year.
- The oldest European university in continuous operation is the University of Bologna, founded in 1088.
- Many of the world's most famous artists were Italian: Botticelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Raphael..
| i don't know |
M C C were the appropriate initials of which former England cricket captain? | Peter May | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo
ODI statistics
Profile
Peter Barker Howard May, CBE, died at his home in Hampshire on December 27, 1994, four days short of his 65th birthday. In the 1950s PBH May - the initials were part of the style of the man - came to represent the beau ideal of English batsmanship and sportsmanship. He was tall and handsome with a batting style that was close to classical, and he was the hero of a generation of schoolboys. To his contemporaries at Charterhouse he was a heroic figure much earlier: from a very young age it was clear that he was going to play for England and he glided towards greatness in an effortless-looking manner.
Peter May was born at Reading on December 31, 1929. He was an instinctive cricketer, though there was no background of the game in his family. When he was 13, the headmaster of Charterhouse barred him from the First XI for his own good, but as a 14-year-old in 1944 he made 108 against Harrow, an innings that had an extraordinary impact on the school. In four years in the school First XI he made 1,794 runs, averaging 54.36. He was advised, but not all that much, by the former England player George Geary. By 1947, his last year at school, he was clearly the best schoolboy batsman in the country, scoring an unbeaten 183 against Eton and 148 and 146 in the representative matches at Lord's.
He then had to do two years' national service as Writer May of the Royal Navy - the scorecard abbreviation Wtr puzzling at least one MCC member who thought he must be the mess waiter. By his second year, his clerical duties were being heavily interspersed with cricket and in 1949 he played enough to come third in the national averages behind Hardstaff and Hutton. That autumn he went up to Cambridge: in 1950 their batting side was as strong as any in the country and he was not immediately dominant, but he scored an unbeaten 227 against Hampshire, stepped into the Surrey team and quickly won his county cap.
By 1951 he had made enough runs in every type of cricket - including a century for the Gentlemen- to be picked for the Fourth Test against South Africa at Headingley. He scored 138, an innings that seemed like a revelation. He played in all four Tests against India in 1952 and, though he was dropped for the three middle Ashes Tests of 1953, he returned to score 39 and 37, important in context, at the Oval and was picked for the West Indies tour, where he made his second Test century, a far more dogged 135 on a matting pitch at Port-of-Spain to earn a draw.
This secured May's place once and for all, and he became a crucial member of two of the most successful teams English cricket has ever seen: Surrey, who won the Championship every year between 1952 and 1958, and an England team that never lost a series in the same period. May adapted his method and his mental approach to Test cricket and moved from being a promising batsman to a great one. Once Gubby Allen saw him get out at Fenner's and muttered: "That was the most unconscious stroke I have ever seen." After his Headingley century Allen sent him a telegram: "Charge of unconsciousness unconditionally withdrawn".
In Australia in 1954-55, May was Hutton's vice-captain, and the following year, when Hutton became ill, inherited the leadership. He captained England in 41 Tests, still a record despite the later growth of Test cricket, and was an unchallenged figure of authority. England won 20 of those Tests and lost only ten. May's stature as a batsman increased each year, even on the indifferent pitches of 1956. In the First Test at Edgbaston against West Indies in 1957, he scored 285 not out, sharing a stand of 411, England's highest ever, with Colin Cowdrey, saving the match and blunting Sonny Ramadhin's mastery of English batsmen once and for all. England went on to win the series 3-0. In 1958, in the wettest, most bowler-friendly summer of the century, he averaged almost 64, 17 more than any other batsman. In both these years, he followed on where Stuart Surridge had left off in 1956 and captained Surrey to the Championship.
That was May's apogee. England went to Australia in 1958-59 as hot favourites, but were met by bowlers widely suspected of throwing, and slumped to a 4-0 defeat. May was greatly upset by newspaper criticism of the presence on tour of his fiancée, Virginia Gilligan, especially when one report said they had been secretly married. They actually married that April, and from then on his enthusiasm for the game semed to wane. He missed much of the 1959 season with an abscess, which also forced him home from the West Indies tour that winter. It was 1961 before he returned to cricket and, when he was bowled round his legs by Richie Benaud at Old Trafford, his dismissal sealed the fate of the Ashes. Three weeks later he played his last Test and in 1962 effectively retired from first-class cricket, though there was always the hope, in other minds, that he might return, and Wisden delayed its retirement tribute until 1971.
May became an insurance broker and underwriter at Lloyd's and concentrated on his growing family: four girls, all of them sharing their mother's love of horses, which their father, though no horseman, happily took on. For many years his cricketing involvement was low-profile, though he served as a Test selector from 1965 to 1968, and was president of MCC in 1980-81. However, in 1982 he agreed to return to the limelight by becoming chairman of selectors with a specific brief to get a grip on the players' behaviour. He never gained a rapport with a new generation of cricketers and did not seem to have much disposition to choose between them. Had he stuck to the original plan and retired after the 1985 Ashes series, his reputation would have been largely undamaged, but he stayed on until 1988, working through four captains in the last summer alone. By the end, players were being picked and dropped with bewildering rapidity.
England were less strong relative to other countries in the 1980s than in the 1950s. Both as a batsman and as a captain, May had the advantage that the best bowlers were nearly always on his side. His failure against Heine and Adcock in South Africa in 1956-57 has led some to wonder whether he could have coped with the sustained battering that modern batsmen receive. But, 18 months earlier in England, he dealt with the same bowlers so effectively that he was close to a century in every match. Richie Benaud, perhaps his most formidable opponent, called him not merely the greatest English batsman to emerge since the war - which is the conventional judgment - but the only great one. As a captain, May was a hard but unfailingly courteous competitor. He was not an imaginative tactician but his resources meant this was not a serious disadvantage. He was helped too by the presence of a great chairman of selectors in Gubby Allen.
Peter May will be remembered best as a batsman, upright in everything he did, especially the on-drive which, famously, he perfected as a schoolboy. In 66 Tests he scored 4,537 runs at 46.77; in first-class cricket he scored 27,592 runs at 51.00 with 282 catches. He scored 85 centuries, his early retirement preventing him becoming the first amateur since WG Grace to score a hundred hundreds. His gifts were sublime, indeed mysterious, and he bore them with honour, modesty and distinction. The fear that we will never see his like again meant his early death was felt all the more keenly.
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
| Colin Cowdrey |
Yorkshire Bank is a subsidiary of Clydesdale Bank which itself is a subsidiary of the National Bank of which country? | Cricinfo - England
England
Cricket Manager
MC COWDREY 1932-2000
Former England captain Lord Cowdrey died in the early hours of the morning on Tue 5th December after a long battle against illness. He was 67. CricInfo has received many tributes.
William Burke ( Loughton, Essex )
A great loss. I went to Lord's bookshop in the mid 1970's and went to buy a copy of his biography. The assistant asked me if I wanted a signed copy and to my surprise he called Mr Cowdrey from a back room. I had a short and very pleasant conversation with a very polite man. My condolences to his family.
Steve ( Kent )
A man as gracious off the field as he was elegant with the bat on it. He'll be much missed by cricket followers everywhere, but especially by followers of his beloved county.
Paul Aspin ( Kent England )
I remember as an eleven year old sitting under the tree at Canturbury in the company of Les Ames. As the seventeen year old schoolboy came down the steps for his first innings for the county Ames said 'watch this young man; he'll captain England in his day'. How right he was. As an exponent of all that is good in the game he was without peer. He will be sorely missed throughout the cricket world, but nowhere more than Canterbury where it all began
Barry Freeman ( Faversham, Kent )
As a young boy in the 1950's, before the invention of Sunday League cricket, Kent County Cricket Club would play an annual Sunday fixture at the Belmont ground in Whitstable in August. I remember being one of a crowd of boys who followed a Kent cricketer carrying his own brown leather cricket bag, with the embossed black initials M.C.C. to his car. He happily signed autograph books for us all. In 1967 I have fond memories of being at Lord's with my father to see Kent win the Gillette Cup Final against Somerset and a wonderful ovation for that same cricketer. Almost 30 years later our paths crossed at Arundel where the Aussies were playing the traditional opening match of their tour against the Duchess of Norfolk's XI. He stopped me from taking a hurried photo of him and asked me where I would like him to stand to get a better photo of him! Despite becoming a cricketing legend he remained a true gentleman representing all that is good in the game. Condolences to his family.
Bob & Gill Woolmer ( South Africa )
Words fail me. My sincere condolonces to his family especially to Chris & Graham who I had played with as children and cricketers. He was the most lovely person one could wish to meet and i unashamedly modelled my batting on his example. He was full of information and a joy to listen to. I shall miss him dearly . Fortunately his legacy to cricket will live on for ever. Bob & Gill Woolmer
Bikash Purkayastha ( Canada )
Words cannot describe the loss of one of the most elegant and accomplished batsmen the world has ever produced. Colin Cowdrey will remain as a living legend in the memories of world cricket.
Raj Vishwanathan ( India/USA )
This is a great loss! Aeons ago I was a subscriber to sportstar, an Indian Magazine, and I read about Cowdrey going to bat with a fractured arm and drew the game! Symbolizes cricket, it does!
Mallikarjuna ( Bangalore )
My Deepest Condolence to the Cowdrey family.It's indeed a great loss to the cricketing world. It was a nice Gentleman, We truly miss him. May his soul rest in peace.
Matt Skalicky ( Hobart, Australia )
I think if more people played cricket with the manner and attitude of a Colin Cowdrey, we would not be having the current round of scandals plaguing our great game. A wonderful sportsman and gentleman. A brave player. An innovative administrator. He will be missed.
Aasim Saeed ( Lahore, Pakistan )
Well, What I know is that he was a legend, He is only one I could remember who scored more than 1 thousand runs in 36 Seasons in his life time, mind it 36 times...He wasnt only a great Cricketer but an excellent Sportsman.)
Hafiz Abid Qadeer ( Pakistan )
It is great loss for the world of cricket. He played cricket in its true spirit. The cricketing world will miss him.
Mark J Hobson ( Greensboro, N.C. USA )
My passion for cricket started watching Colin playing in great style and doing my best to copy him with friends in the park. Now living in the States for over 20 years (where cricket IS played nationwide, by the way),his passing signifies a true end to an era of batting style we will likely never see again. He will be missed greatly.
Niraj Tamarkar ( Sydney )
I'm a new follower of world cricket, but had known lots of stories about Sir Cowdrey, it�s a great loss, my respect to Sir Cowdrey.
Jim Preece ( Sydney Australia )
We have lost some great cricketers over the past couple of years - non greater and non finer than this man. In a time when cricket is blighted by corruption, it's good to reflect on how wonderful the game can be and on the achievments of one of its finest. Who will ever forget him coming out of international retirement to help an England team in dire straits against the speed and venom of Lillie and Thomson. If a mould was cast to represent the game of cricket, along with Bill Woodfull, Brian Statham and Mark Taylor - Colin Cowdrey would provide the inspiration. Colin Cowdrey is already standing tall in heaven's Long Room.
Siddharth Poonja ( Houston, USA )
My heartfelt condolences to the Cowdrey Family. He was a great player and a true gentlemen. May his soul rest in Peace.
Radeen Kabir ( Atlanta, GA, USA )
The cricket world won't be the same without one of its legendary batsman as well as patron.
Leelagith Wickramasinghe ( Sydney, Australia )
Colin Cowdrey was not only a great Cricketer but also a real gentleman of Cricket. It is really sad to lose this kind of honest sportsman in an era where the game is sold for money. I will always remember Colin Cowdrey as a very talented Cricketer who was admired and well respected not only in his Home Country England but also all over the world where cricket is played. May he rest in peace.
Jim Metcalfe ( Nottingham )
Many condolences to the Cowdrey family at this difficult time. Lord Cowdrey was one of his country's finest players, a perfect batsman with the best defence yet seen in the game. He was the finest young cricketer to have graced Lord's, and completely fulfilled all expectations - England's most professional gentleman player.
Joseph Cadelis ( NEW ZEALAND )
Colin was a great cricketer. Espeacially when he had to face Lillee and Thompsom in 1975 at the age of 42. May his soul rest in peace and condolence to his family.
faizool khan ( New York )
Colin was a master cricketer whose professionalism everyone should follow. he was a graceful batsman and his career would long be remembered. condolences to his family.
Krishna Prasad ( Guyana now residing in U.S.A )
My deepest sympathy and heartfelt condolence to the family and friends of Lord Cowdrey on his passing. He was indeed a wonderful person and a brilliant batsman. I was present at Bourda, Guyana when he and Allan Knott played their match saving innings against the West Indies in the fifth test of the 1967/1968 tour--a superb performance.
Krishnan ( USA )
I remember Cowdrey touring India in 1964 tour, when I used to reside in Bombay. He was a thorough gentlemanly great batsman. Cowdrey being born in India, I had always supported his team and his exploits on the cricket field. My condolences to his family.
Shahid Khan ( New York )
The death of this great cricketer comes at a time when this things like matchfixing and betting has entered this game.It is my sincere wish that all cricketers follow the example of this great personality of this game.I studied in University of Kent at Canterbury and I remember a road next to Canterbury cricket ground named Cowdrey Place.The whole world of cricket will miss this great cricketer.
Joseph Williams ( Trinidad And Tobago W.I. )
M.C.C. was a great entertainer on the field whose enjoyment of life made him a champion of it.
Arvind Patel ( India )
It's really a bad news about Colin. He was one of my favourite cricket players. I have always seen him as a respected sportsman. God bless his soul.
Murtuza Pardawala ( Mumbai )
Though I've never seen him play, I've known him to be a great cricketer, a man who always valued his principles, a person very much popular amongst his colleagues, an individual who gave english cricket one of its treasures to be remembered forever...
narinder maloni ( L`orignal,ontario,canada )
i was sad to hear that the Great cricketer has passed on, I can still see his slow walk to the pitch to bat. Mr Cowdrey you played the game well!!!
Shameran Abed ( Bangladesh )
Lord Cowdrey personified everything good about cricket. His dignity, grace and love for the game is unmatched and cricket will miss it's true gentleman.
Omar Nawaz ( Paris. France )
Sir Colin Cowdrey: Friend and Admirer of Sri Lanka It was during Sir Colin Cowdrey's tenure as the first Chairman of the ICC that Sri Lanka were admitted to the international fold which he described as "one of my proudest moments". In an article published in Ian Botham's Cricket World Cup under the title "The Brotherhood of World Cricket" Cowdrey paid ample tribute to Sri Lanka stating "I have a soft corner for Sri Lanka. My love affair with them started in..." and goes on "I shall follow them each time they play and hope they lose in the final against England". How many Sri lankans are aware of Colin Cowdrey's sentiments to them ? I had the personal pleasure of watching Cowdrey play in a whistle stop tour of the MCC in Colombo where he made 40 odd runs. His exquisite cover drives are still etched in my memory. Somehow Cowdrey and Cricket became synonymous. Sir Colin Cowdrey terminated the article referred to above with these words "May the sun shine for us". The sun has set but the shine is eternal.
Alexander Griffin ( London, England )
Although I never had the opportunity to watch Lord Cowdrey play his reputation as a great and corageous player is well known among my generation. As a cricketer and a gentleman he was a role model. It is with much pride that my father received his prizes for Headboy and Dux from him. I am sad that the man in the photograph from that day is no longer with us. Condolendes to his family.
Rakesh ( New Zealand )
Whenever I think of English cricket in its purist form, Lord Cowdrey at the crease is the first image to come to mind. He defined the graceful way cricket is meant to be played. God bless his soul.
Shivaji Sengupta ( New York City )
Three memories stand of Colin Cowdrey, the scourge of bowlers, and the object of my boyhood nightmare. As a schoolboy in my native India, in 1959, when I was only 13 years old, I remember to this day the auditory-spectre of Cowdrey walking out to bat in Leeds after an already long, century partnership. I remember gluing my ear to the radio, listening to the broad cokney accent of the irascible Nobby Clarke telling us what a formidable form Colin Cowdrey was in. He rattled off a couple of consecutive centirues with which the batsman had prepared him in the preceding county matches. Then came the ultimate insult: "And this Indian bowling is feeble compared to the likes of Surrey and Yorkshire... If I were the Indians, I'd be shivering!" he said. I don't know about Subash Gupte and his fellow bowlers. I was shivering. Cowdrey went on to score 160. The other memory is of watching Cowdrey bat for a much weaker MCC team (England Team's overseas name) in the third test at Eden Gardens, Calcutta. Happily for us, the Indians under Pataudi were on much more of an equal footing with Mike Smith's side though frustratingly unable to win against them. Cowdrey had been flown in when Ken Barrington got injured and unable to continue. I think it is fair to say that the master batsman, recuperating from a severe wrist facture, put an end to any hopes of India's victory with a slow, literally painstaking innings of 107. Now, I am 57, far away from the postcolonial Indian cricket scene, but thanks to Cricinfo and other Internet cricket sites, I am able to at least read and write about cricket. Colin Cowdrey no longer threatens me. Instead, I am able to appreciate his consumate professionalism and the science he brought to batting. He is a part of English cricketing legend, better, I think than Peter May, who also recently passed away, in the sense the former was more consistent and utterly reliable. Who can forget the test match he drew for England in the West Indies once again batting with an injured wrist? England won the rubber because Cowdrey preserved them with heroic batting. Tha passing of these batsman (May, Barrington, Conrad Hunte) reminds me of that line from Tennyson's poem on King Arthur, "The sequence of today unsolders all the/ goodliest fellowship of my young knights..." I am saddened by Colin Cowdrey's passing.
Ramesh Bhandari ( Chandigarh (India) )
I have not seen him playing but heard a lot of him. I also saw him in the presentation ceremony of 1992 world cup won by Pakistan. Its a great loss to the cricketing world.
Mr Mukulesh Roychowdhury ( Surrey )
Apart from the old BBC archive footages I never saw Colin Cowdrey play;However I remember vividly as a very young cricket lover in India listening to radio commentary from the Ashes series in Australia (1974/75) as Cowdrey (aged 42) stood up bravely to the fearsome duo of Lillee and Thomson. It is very sad that he is no more but the name Colin Cowdrey will always be synonymous with the best that English cricket has to offer. Best wishes to all his family and close friends.
Vijay ( London )
He will be greatly missed and was a wonderful ambassador of this game. The most elegant cover drive in cricket history! I remember him in an interview in mid seventies stating that cricket is such a simple game for a batsman, as his sole objective is to protect the three stumps behind him - which are at the most coming to his mid -thigh region. This helped in ones appreciation and playing of a most complex game. He will be missed.
Jo Morley ( Den Haag (Netherlands) )
Very sorry to hear about MCC. He was my hero in the 60s. So much so that I copied his handwriting and I still sign the "ey" of my surname the same way that he did!
Mohammad Imran ( Hong Kong )
Mr.Colin was a great player of cricket. I think that we have lost a great man as well. He will be always in our hearts.
Gordon A Wilson ( Washington USA )
Condolences to the Cowdrey family. Colin Cowdrey was a class act as a batsman and also as a human being. The memories of his great batting and sportsmanship will always be remembered by cricket fans throughout the world.
Derek Barnard ( Tunbridge Wells )
My boyhood hero. He gave me a treasured cricketing memory by scoring 99not out on a difficult Dover wicket against Gloucestershire in August 1965. All the other batsmen just could not cope. I just had to name my son after him because he was quite simply a gentleman in the true sense of the word.
Devon Ramoo ( Trinidad )
Cricket has lost a legend and england lost their possibly best bastsman.This is a great loss to the cricketing fraternity.Although i've never seen him play i've heard that he was a real class act full of strokes and a true gentleman cricket needs more players like this nowadays.
Francis Whitefoot ( South Wales )
MCC was a great man and also a great batsman. The world will miss this ambassador of the game and I feel sorry to his family for their loss.
Neil Dibbs ( Australia )
MCC v Queensland at the Gabba, way back some time in the early 70s. Colin Cowdrey was fielding at first slip. He caught a quick nick with soft and fast hands, stuffed the ball into his pocket in a flash, and turned around and looked to the boundary as if he had missed the ball completely. The batsman, who didn't see the catch, was totally mystified and refused to leave the crease until Cowdrey politely produced the ball from his pocket. One of the funniest incidents I've ever seen on a cricket field.
Hiten Vaya ( Nairobi, Kenya )
Undoubtedly a great loss for cricket as a whole. In these days of match-fixing, Lord Cowdrey was a shining beacon as to what a cricketer should behave like on & off the pitch. May the almighty rest his soul in peace. Lord Cowdrey, you have now gone but may your legacy live on. Condolences to the Cowdrey family.
Sheikh ( Pakistan )
How can i ever forget this person, he was the one who handed Imran Khan the world cup'92 during the presentation. If my memory serves me, i think he might have been Imran Khan's first ever wicket in 1974 also. May God bless his soul.
Andrew Reed ( Country South Australia )
Colin Cowdrey will be remembered for much in the Cricket World, but for me, I've never forgotten how he came out of retirement to face Lillee and Thomson at their devastating best in Australia. They had cowed many of the Englishmen, but not Colin Cowdrey. He took body blow after body blow after body blow! They COULD NOT subjugate him! I was so very proud of the man. He stood for all that was good in cricket. Vale Lord Cowdrey.
Ian Travis ( Bolton )
Very sad to hear of Lord Cowdrey's passing. The man's playing of the fast bowling of Lillee and Thompson in 1974/75 defined the term 'grace under pressure'. He will be much missed around the world, and my thoughts are with his family. A wonderful man.
Ram Vinod Parigi ( Kawasaki, Japan )
A great loss to the world cricket in General and English cricket in specific. Hearing about Lord Cowdrey's demise will make any cricket fan saddened. I was not lucky enough to watch him play. I pray god to rest his soul in peace.
Stuart Hall ( Australia )
Condolences to the Cowdrey family on the passing of a great cricketer and a great man. Cricket will be the poorer for his loss.
L.Sathyanarayan ( Chennai. India )
It is really a great loss to the world of cricket. A man with an indomitable spirit and fierceless while playing fast bowlers, he truly is a person worthy of being emulated by the current crop of cricketers. With heads bowed down in sorrow I pray for his soul.
Adil Aslam ( The Netherlands )
The cricket world has lost it's left hand, and it will be truly missed for a long time.
Ruth Merchant nee Tetley ( Perth, Western Australia )
I am feeling somewhat bereft... he was a great man and a fighter and someone that I shall always be proud that he was British and "took it to the Australians" (shame there aren't more of him around today) He will be greatly missed both at home and abroad ... my sympathy's go out to his family and friends I'm sure they are all aware of his "presence" within the fraternity of cricketers and cricket lovers all around the world.
Dr Geoffrey Orr ( Brisbane, Australia )
With Lord Cowdrey's passing, I am again reminded that despite all the advances witnessed in the modern game - player competencies notwithstanding, almost all of those playing test cricket today have not mastered the true etiquette of the game which undoubtedly was a Cowdrey trademark.
Gary MacLennan ( Australia )
I was saddened by the death of Colin Cowdrey. I remember him as the most exquisite timer of the ball especially in one series against South Africa. The ball sped to the long on boundary yet Cowdrey seemed just to have given it the most gentle of strokes. He was not however a great captain. I recall in this context how when Sobers came into bat he immediately set a defensive field. The contrast with the aggressive tactics of Brian Close could not be more marked. Having said that he was a supreme exponent of what was once the most beautiful of games.
Tariq N Ahmed ( Pakistan )
The end of a Legend Cowdrey is no longer will be seen among us but the World will never forget him, And the history of cricket will never be complete without Cowdrey. Condolences to his Family and fans.
David Rajander ( Perth, Western Australia )
A truly great loss to cricket. His courage under fire will remain legendary. Condolences to family and friends.
A. Eugin ( Chennai )
Condolences to the Cowdrey family.
James Montgomery ( Canberra )
I was 11 when I saw an old man waddle out to face Thommo and Lillee bowling at their deadly best. Already the English top order looked shell shocked and were firmly on the back foot, literally, and at times the square leg umpire looked in trouble of being backed into. And then came Cowdrey. And this portly figure got in line, got hit, scored slowly, but showed no fear, just an incredible determination. He was 42 I believe. A sad loss to cricket all over the world.
RAMDATT BALMICK ( U.S.A )
I am very saddened to hear the passing of a cricketing legend. I saw this great man during the 1967-68 tour of the West Indies. I vividly remember how he and Allan Knott saved that test match at Bourda, against Gibbs, Sobers and company. I remember how he stood up to Lillie and Thompson in the 75-76 tour when he was sent out as a replacement. May he rest in peace.
I Subahar ( Chennai-Tamil Nadu, India )
It is a great loss to the world of cricket. My deepest condolences to the demise of Colin Cowdrey.
Andy Yadav ( Atlanta, Georgia US )
A great loss for cricket. I remember as a little boy watching Colin fielding in the slips and batting in Kanpur test. He was a real entertainer on the field. His attitude on the field, his smiling face, his behaviour, was a example to others. He will be sadly missed.
Chris Stubbs (British Officers Cricket Club USA) ( Philadelphia USA )
Colin Cowdrey was a great cricketer and the master of the delicate and effortless batting stroke. He will be sorely missed. Condolences to his family from the British Officers Cricket Club of Philadelphia.
Stephen Cook ( Australia - formerly Yorkshire )
Although Colin Cowdrey had long since finished his succesfull career as an England batsman before I was old enough to appreciate the game to the full, as a Yorkshireman I was brought up to admire the great men who had brought so much to the game during their career. Colin Cowdrey was and always will be remembered by all - young and old. Condolences to the Cowdrey family.
shiraz lalani ( uganda )
cricketing world has lost a wonderful human being .I have been following Cever since I was a little boy in Uganda. I last saw him in Toronto during the Sahara Cup . May his soul rest in eternal peace.
R Sivasubramaniam ( Singapore )
My first recollections was watching him play at Colombo and thereafter listening to the radio commentaries when he toured Australia with Len Hutton's team. Many years later in 1990, I was privileged to meet him at the dinner held for the teams taking part in the ICC Tournament in the Hague, Holland. He took the trouble to come round and wish all the players the very best in the tournament and spent time talking to the Singapore players. To us it was one of the highlights of the tour. His loss is a loss to cricket - for he was one of those to whom the game and the way it should be played mattered more than anything else. On behalf of the cricketing fraternity of Singapore, I send my heartfelt condolences to his family. May his soul rest in peace.
Humayun Mustafa ( Pakistan )
Its very sad on the demise death of Sir Colin Cowdrey, he was a great batsman and a great player. He would be remembered ever I remember him especially in 1992 World Cup if I am right he presented the trophy to Pakistani Captain Imran Khan.
Nash ( London )
A great loss of cricket. Sir Colin Cowdrey was a great cricketer. In my young days he was my ideal and still specially his temper on the wicket. He was the master of of cricketing technique during his peak days. Nobody can forget his magnificent batting performance in Lahore in 1969, still in my memory. A gentle personality whose career is neat and crystal. He always remember a great messenger of cricketing world. Please convey my condolences to the Sir Cowdrey family.
Wijay Senathirajah ( Canada )
It is a great lost to the cricketing world. We did not lose a cricketer, we lost a great gentlemen. We hope all the cricketers in the world carry the torch as he did.
Darren Reynolds ( Australia )
When one thinks of Colin Cowdrey, one immediately thinks of grace, elegance and England to the very back of one's teeth!
Raj Srivatsan ( Wilmington, Delaware, USA )
It is tragic to lose, not just a player of great stature, but a great captain and a great historical figure, from an earlier world in which the game was played in a fair and gentlemanly flavor, in the best traditions of the game. King Cowdrey... you will be missed. As a young lad in the 50's and 60's my cricket diet was largely laced with your feats.
David Walsh ( Walton on Thames, England )
The many hundreds of tributes you have reported receiving typify the high regard felt by countless numbers within the cricket loving fraternity of the world, of which I am proud to be a member. Colin Cowdrey exemplified the highest principles of professionalism, courage and integrity, attributes which are so special in a world of declining moral values. I extend my heartfelt sympathies to the Cowdrey family, heightened by no small degree of personal poignancy, since I too was born in Ootacamund, two years earlier, and like Colin I was the son of a pioneer tea planter. May the life of Colin be an inspiration to all who seek to achieve the highest ideals in life which he so vividly demonstrated during his dedicated career.
Sheik Mohamad )
A great loss to cricket. His service and dedication to English cricket will surely be missed. I had the opportunity of watching him in my home country Guyana batting and still remembers his application with the bat and pad style that save England from losing the match. My condolences go out to his family and the Kent Cricket Club on this huge loss.
Noel Halley ( Toronto, Canada )
I'm very sadden by the news of one of the best batsman of all time Colin Cowdrey. England has lost one of her sons and the cricket world has lost a friend .My condolences go out to the Cowdrey family.
Sreevatsa Nippani ( India )
My heartfelt condolences to the Cowdrey family. We have truly lost a leading light in Cricket. Sir Colin would have been an asset in taking the game through the rough it is going through right now. His impeccable talent and bravery need to be emulated in future. Very much an incomparable gentleman. May his soul rest in peace.
Pervez A ( Sydney, Australia )
Bowlers beware! That great firm of Cowdrey and May are about to renew their partnership.
Karthikeyan Kumarasamy ( Dallas, Texas, USA )
It is a great loss to the whole cricketing world, to England in particular. His heroics would be remembered for the days to come.
Gerry Morgan ( Fleet, Hants )
My father who stood as umpire in a match Tonbridge Under 14s vs. King's Canterbury Under 14s shortly after the war ended never forgot the little leg-break bowler with whom he was hugely impressed, nor did Colin Cowdrey ever forget him through all Colin's years of fame and achievement.
Maurice Morrison ( New York U.S.A. )
Michael Colin Cowdrey epitomized cricket. Pure class! As a boy growing up in Barbados, it was because of him that I became a Kent supporter. I shall forever remember chatting with him on a flight from Trinidad to Barbados, and telling him of my hope to one day play for Kent. The world of cricket will be poorer as a result of his passing. Condolences to the Cowdrey family and Kent County Cricket Club.
Marc Ross ( Conwy, Wales )
Lord Cowdrey was quite simply was the living embodiment of cricket. The shining light of romance and style that cricket induces in all those who love and play the game has dimmed a little. I would like to extend the condolences of my club, Conwy CC, to the Cowdrey family.
syed fasih bukhari ( Sydney, Australia )
its a great loss for the world of cricket. I forward my condolences to his family. I actually never saw him playing but it would be great if I had. He will always be remembered as a true cricketing legend. May he rest in peace.
John Ross ( Australia )
To The Cowdrey My deepest sympathies goes out to the Cowdrey family, I met Sir Colin Cowdrey as a kid way back in the early 70's when England toured Sri Lanka, he was one of the most respectable characters i have ever came across, I can remember I was around 6 years standing near the boundary line to trying to get Sir Colin's autograph, noticing my self and some of my cousins Sir Colin during the drinks break walked down to the Mid wicket Boundary and said Hi Guys I bet you, you want my Autograph, and eventually we did. From that day I was a follower of the Cowdrey family even when his son Chris Toured India in the 80's I respected the Cowdrey Family for the gamesmanship and sportsmanship, May god bless you and keep you smiling where ever you may be Colin
Phil Nuttall ( Peterborough Canada )
Having watched Colin for many years as the backbone of English batting, particularly against the new generation of quick bowlers from West Indies and Australia, I am saddened to hear of his passing. A great Cricketer and a wonderful ambassador of this the greatest game. Perhaps the "one great Scorer " will look down on How Colin played " The Game"... he will be missed by all who new him.
Deepak Nityanandam ( Fort Collins, Colorado )
I am greatly saddened by the loss of another great cricketing personality. My sincere condolences to the Cowdrey family. He will be definitely missed in the cricketing fraternity as he was truly a great ambassador for the game.
Robert Deed ( Luxembourg )
I have memory of Kent playing at Maidstone about 1970. Colin was in, but having one of his famously introverted starts. At the other end Asif Iqbal had raced to 50 in about 20 minutes. A pensioner joins his friend on a bench up on the bank. "How are they getting on?" - " The great man's in" - "How many's he got?" - "Seven" - pause as Asif hits six over extra cover - "Who's the other bloke?" Condolences to all the Cowdrey family, especially to Graeme, whose visit to Luxembourg we remember well.
Stafford Henderson Byers ( New York, U.S.A )
As a child growing up in Antigua, West Indies, it seems as if the West Indies Cricket Team was always playing against England. One of the most illustrious batsmen England ever sported was the venerable Colin Cowdrey. He has inspired untold thousands of youngsters, even in the West Indies. His place has been reserved in cricket greatness and in our hearts. He was truly a gentleman-cricketer. Our heartfelt and sincerest condolences to his family, relatives friends and loved-ones.
Anthony Baretto ( India, presently in Kuwait )
Lord Cowdrey was a class act as a batsman and as a human being. He had so much time to spare that he made batting look like a sublime skill.
Paul A. Hewlett ( Tortola British Virgin Islands )
On behalf of the BVICA our deepest condolences goes out to the family and friends of Mr. Cowdrey. He may be gone but will never be forgotten. May his soul rest in peace and thank you for the great years of cricket you gave to us here in the West Indies. We look forward to playing a match with you on the other side.
Sameer Pathak ( Laramie, USA )
I am grieved by the news of Death of Mr. Cowdrey. Cricket has lost a great son and he will be missed by all cricket lovers of the world.
Vineesh Vedsen ( Mumbai, India )
A great gentleman and a great cricketer has left the world. He was an embodiment of physical fitness and endurance. This was simply manifested by the fact when he became the first player to represent his team in more than 100 tests, scoring more than 7500 runs and more than 100 catches. That apart he was a great human as reflected by his close colleagues, whether or not from England.
Pradeep nagar ( Mountain View , USA )
One of the Great Legend of all times. Cowdrey was the first Englishman to play 100 tests. A great man and equally great cricket administrator
Richard Reid ( Canada )
When in school in Trinidad, I had the great fortune of bowling to this great man ,when he came to visit back in the late 60s. He was so kind and gentle, giving useful tips on cricket. He will be missed. Could England do with a man of his guts and talent right now!!! Lord Cowdrey Rest in Peace!!!
John McSkimming ( Wellington, New Zealand )
I remember writing to Colin as a very young boy after watching him score a century against Wellington in 1959. I was impressed that he had time to reply. I have had much pleasure in keeping up with his progress throughout his career and was pleased to see him honoured for his services to cricket. I wish his family my sympathy in the loss and thank all for the pleasure of watching him play.
Rod Stark ( Bloomington, IN 47404 )
My earliest memory of cricket as a child growing up in England was when I was nine years old watching Colin Cowdrey walk out with his arm in a sling to save the Lords test in 1963. From that moment on, Cowdrey was my boyhood hero.
Mick Macve ( West Sussex )
Colin Cowdrey was the best timer of a ball I have ever seen. During a John Player match at Beckenham in May 1970 he casually flicked at a ball bowled on his leg stump and the next thing I saw was the ball bounce off the pavilion roof.
Ilyas Anwar ( Pakistan )
I remembered Colin Cowdrey ever since he came to Pakistan in the sixties when I was a teenager and how he stood like a rock against our Cricket team and earned our respect. The last time I saw him was when he presented the 1992 World Cup trophy to Imran Khan. He will be fondly remembered in Pakistan and our condolence to his family.
Ketan Kurani ( USA )
I am deeply sad to hear about the great loss. My condolences to the Cowdrey family.
David M. Paul ( Grenada W.I. - Living in Washington DC )
I am very sad to learn of the passing of Lord Cowdrey. As a young man I followed his career, especially when the West Indies played England. I admire his great skill his grace and gentlemanness. My heartfelt condolences to his family. May his memory live on.
Adnan Ahmed ( Pakistan )
I saw him bat in 1970 against the Rest of the World. You could tell that he was technically very sound and a very good timer of the ball. A real gentleman as well. He was from a breed of Oxford/Cambridge Blues which are, unfortunately, extinct in English cricket. What we won't do to have the likes of Peter May, Colin Cowdery and Ted Dexter today.
Michael Menof ( DALLAS, TEXAS )
Looking back to the 50s and 60s with Peter May batting at number 3, Michael Colin Cowdrey at number 4 and Dennis Compton at number 5 gave England such pride and talent, sorely missed today and never to be repeated. These 3 rank, in my opinion, as the greatest 3 English cricketers ever produced in their time. Every opposing international side was in awe of them. It was an era that will never be repeated and all three will certainly go down in the annals of cricketing history as the finest gentlemen and players the game and England in particular has ever seen.
Robert Maughan ( Brentwood, Essex, England )
Colin will be missed by all true cricket lovers throughout the world, a true English gentleman. Condolences to his family & close friends. His light will shine while the great game is played.
Sherley Southworth ( Johannesburg via Kent )
Colin was a great childhood hero of mine and I loved watching him play for Kent and England, but, like Jon Wheeler my clearest memories are of Colin playing in those wonderful charity matches at Bickley, and of him collecting Chris and Jeremy from nursery school in Chislehurst. He was always so friendly and unerringly polite, a real gentleman. I met Chris again in Johannesburg when he was here before South Africa was re-admitted to international cricket, and was struck how like his father he was. Chris, Jeremy and Graham, condolences to you all, how proud you must all be to have had a father like Colin.
Carl Myatt ( Honolulu, Hawaii )
More than a great cricketer and a genuine gentleman, Colin Cowdrey was, with Peter May and Ken Barrington, the rock solid foundation of English teams of that era. I am sure cricketers from all walks of life are profoundly saddened by his passing. I once had the privilege of playing for Hong Kong against Lord Cowdrey's MCC team at Lords. It was a great experience made more extraordinary by being able to watch the master in action close up. May he rest in peace.
Praveen Kumar ( usa )
I have first heard of Cowdrey when I was young as the distinct way of naming he has got. its really a loss for world of cricket. May his soul rest in peace.
Jahangir J. Kabir ( Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US )
The cricket world has lost one of its greatest sons. As a master batsman and a perfect gentleman he delighted the cricket lovers over the world for two decades. He has been a role model for many aspiring cricketers irrespective of the national boundaries. The cricket world will miss him dearly.
John Willmott ( Burnley , Lancashire. )
Condolences to the Cowdrey family and to KCCC. It was privilege to have seen a master of the game, such timing, grace and indeed courage. My memories of Kent Cricket will always be laced by the nonchalant lean on his bat as the ball, with perfect placement split the field. Memories of a personal nature; of giving me the time of day on a rail journey. A gentleman who gave pleasure to all in or outside the noble game
Donald McKenzie ( Nashville, Tennessee )
Lord Cowdrey's death brings sadness to many but I recall how, in October 1956, he brought great joy to a 10-year old boy. I'd heard that "Kipper" had a fondness for food, so I prevailed upon my mother to cook him a Christmas mincemeat pie. He wasn't playing against Rhodesia at the Salisbury Sports Club ground but at practice on the day before the match he arranged to meet me in the clubhouse. He was there at the appointed time. I was thrilled to hand over the pie. He announced with glee to his companion, Denis Compton, "Look what we've got to eat!" Later in that MCC tour, Colin Cowdrey took ill with a stomach virus during a Test ( I think at the Wanderers, in Johannesburg). For years, my father kidded me that his illness was due to my mother's cooking! Along with the rest of the cricketing world, I'll miss a true gentleman.
Umer Malik ( Lahore, Pakistan )
Colin was a class cricketer as a batsman and as a human being. He had so much time to spare that he made batting look like a sublime skill. I still remember his magnificent 100 in Lahore in 1969 amidst crowd turmoil. His like will not be seen. Wonderful cricketer to watch.
Tushar Trivedi ( Ahmedabad,India )
It's very unfortunate for the cricket world. Sir Colin was a great cricketer and also great administrator the game have ever produced. Unfortunately his demise is a very day when Indian cricket board slap ban on it's cricketer. Sir Colin would have been happy if he listen about this decision which has been taken to clean the image of the game which he loved for ever.
Syed J Hussain ( USA )
My heart goes to Lord Cowdrey family. He was a great human being. I have great memories of listening and watching his wonderful batting in Pakistan. May Allah Almighty bless and rest his soul.
Ram Sundar (India) ( US )
Deep condolences to the bereaved family. His name will be in the Cricketing history for ever.
Raghu Iyer ( San Diego, CA, USA )
Very sadly, it is the end of an era. Definitely, one of the towering personalities in cricket for all times. A brilliant cricketer and a thorough gentleman, he will be really missed. But his name, his cricketing talent and his feats will remain etched in gold with the biggest names in cricket, forever ! May his family find all courage in this extremely difficult hour!
Michael Greathead ( Originally Rhodesia (now USA) )
Growing up as a young boy in Africa one of my first memories of Colin Cowdrey was him playing against the West Indies at Lords in 1963. I listened on the radio as he went out with his arm in plaster to save the test for England. I was lucky to see him live once at Canterbury in 1974 in his latter playing days and he personified everything that is great about cricket. My hero then and now as one of crickets finest players.
Raghu Iyer ( San Diego, CA, USA )
Very sadly, it is the end of an era. Definitely, one of the towering personalities in cricket for all times. A brilliant cricketer and a thorough gentleman, he will be really missed. But his name, his cricketing talent and his feats will remain etched in gold with the biggest names in cricket, forever! May his family find all courage in this extremely difficult hour!
Nathan Thuraisamy ( Canada )
I enjoyed his batting talent with Peter May, Ken Barrington. It was the finest time batsman waits at the crease for long time & save matches. He was a very dependable bat & his style of batting is fantastic.
Derek Smith ( Hurstpierpoint, West Sussex )
I am now 45 and have followed Kent CCC all my life. My first memories of the great game of Cricket as an 8 year old boy were of Colin Cowdrey and how lucky we were in Kent that he was both our Captain and that of England. There is a massive feeling of emptiness inside me now that we have lost one of the truly great sporting Gentlemen of all time. Thank you Colin for providing me with some great cricketing memories that will always remain with me.
Andrew Freedman ( UK )
What a great man. I think the World knows what a sublime batsman, slipper and captain Colin was and that he was an excellent president of the ICC in a period of immense change and no little dissension. What he must also be remembered for is his contribution to the development and promotion of cricket amongst children and the under-privileged. He just adored the game.
Abdulrazak S. Fazal ( Tanzania )
Indeed it's a sad day. I vividly recall that day in Zanzibar in 1963 as i was glued to my radio listening to the cricket commentary on BBC. West Indies needed just a wicket and only 2 balls remained when Cowdrey with his arm in plaster came in to bat. It was a real tense moment.
James Babb ( USA )
My condolences to the family. Cricket has lost one of the great men, who played the game brilliantly and as a gentleman unlike the new breed of cricketer, He will be missed.
ravishankar ( bangalore, india )
Sir, I am grieved to hear about the death of Michael Colin Cowdrey. The man whose initials match the organisation, MCC was a superb batsman and served English cricket for years. Was it not Cowdrey who batted with a broken hand and helped England save face in a match against Australia? If memory serves me right Cowdrey's inclusion in that side to tour Australia was criticised strongly but he proved his critics wrong with that fighting display. He has some roots from this city and was a student of Bishop Cotton School here. His death is a great loss to English cricket. My condolences to his son and survivors. Ravi Shankar Bangalore
James ( London )
Although I am too young to remember Colin's playing days, I know how much he meant to the sport, he will be remembered by many people.
Vineet Lal ( USA )
Even though I never saw you playing I have heard many a stories about your playing and captaincy from my Dad. My condolences with the family.
Ian Slotki ( Israel (formerly Manchester, UK) )
In addition to the memorable courageous acts described in Rick Eyres' obit. I remember fondly the grace and fluency of Colin Cowdrey' batting. He always seemed to have loads of time to play the fastest of bowlers. He was the perfect role model for us schoolchildren of his era.
Michael Bailey ( Vienna, Austria )
I was deeply saddened to hear of the death of Sir Colin Cowdrey this morning, whose contribution to cricket both on and off the pitch has been immeasurable.
Rev. Terry Bahadur ( Trinidad, West Indies )
Lord Cowdrey represented a time when there was nobility in the game of cricket. Always appeared stately, and played the game when it was an honor to represent one's country. I had the pleasure of seeing him at the Queens Park Oval in Port-of-Spain. Oh how the game need's his type.
Hubert Gray ( United States )
Colin Cowdrey was not only an elegant player but he never seemed to be in any discomfort and he sported a very broad bat. He along with Peter May and Tom Graveney were among the highest class of English batting in the 50s. And he was a gentleman in the truest sense of the word. He will be missed.
Pranay Bhagat ( Pittsfield )
I never got a chance to see him play, as he played his last test match when I was a year old, but when I see his figures they are amazing. He played 114 test matches for my favourite country England, when there was less test cricket. I know that he was an excellent ICC Chairman in the late eighties. We all will miss you Colin.
Ashok ( Bombay, India )
What a great tragedy it is. Sir Colin Cowdrey, one of the legends of his time and easily one of the most respected cricketers of all time is no more. Unfortunately his playing days were well before my birth and yet I can still feel the grief and the loss that this great game has suffered with his sad demise. Goodbye Colin, thank you for gracing the game with your presence and may I hope that many a legend like you follow.
Hanumantha Rao Kurudi ( USA )
It is a sad loss to everyone and My deep condolences go to the Cowdrey family. I wish them well in their grief.
Ram ( India )
A great loss to cricket, a greater loss to England.
Muhammad A.Ariff ( Pakistan now live in the USA )
Even though I was a little child when Lord Cowdrey was playing, my father told me that he was one of the best batsman who ever played test and first class cricket and the best slip fielder. Later in life I read a lot about Lord Cowdrey and wished I had seen him bat and field. I offer my condolences to his family, it is indeed a very sad day for cricket lovers all over the world.
Manas ( Pune (India) )
May Lord Bless the soul of Lord Cowdrey
Gary Headley ( UK )
I joined the MCC Young Cricketers Staff in 1985 and on my 5th day Lord Cowdrey was walking from the nursery end to the pavilion and we crossed each other. He stopped me and asked how I was enjoying myself at Lords and was geniunely interested in my game and background. I met him again in Barbados a few years later and he recognised me straight away and spoke to me as if we had only spoke days earlier. I am honoured to have met such a nice man who was also a great player and my condolences go out to his family at this very sad time. God Bless
Balu ( Washington, DC )
Though Colin Cowdrey ended his career a little before the time I started following cricket, his mark was indelible. He had a permanent charisma, especially when we saw the English cricketers in India. The game has changed much since then but Colin Cowdrey has been the beacon to cricket that we have lost forever.
Balu ( Washington, DC )
Though Colin Cowdrey ended his career a little before the time I started following cricket, his mark was indelible. He had a permanent charisma, especially when we saw the English cricketers in India. The game has changed much since then but Colin Cowdrey has been the beacon to cricket that we have lost forever.
N.Nayar ( London )
A real loss to any one who has ever played cricket. Lord Cowdrey epitomised the best of the sport. A tragic day.
Prasanta Datta ( USA )
One of the best that the cricketing world has ever seen. I had an opportunity to meet him through a friend of mine. Cricket will miss him.
M. AIJAZ HUSAIN ( Chicago, Illinois, USA )
The death of Lord Cowdrey is a great loss to the game of cricket. I feel a great sense of personal loss. Although I only met him once or twice, I have followed his entire career, from his Oxford days to the SOS call to Australia and later as chief of ICC. He was a great cricketer and an even greater gentlemen. We will all miss him. My deepest sympathies and condolences to his family.
Richard W Kenyon ( England/ USA )
Deeply saddened as anyone who is a cricket lover I remember meeting MCC when OLD England and Australia combined to meet the England Women's team back in 1980. My mother, father and I really came to meet Frank Tyson whom Dad knew from his younger, Lancashire days. Lord Cowdrey was batting and we were looking away from the field of play when the leather really hit the willow. It was a privilege to watch a master at work in the environment he and all of us loved. The sun shone that day and its great memories that I will remember always especially when my mum who doesn't really understand the finer points sat on Mr. Godfrey Evans chair and he made a great fuss of her had us all in stitches she liked that fun.
James Kemsley ( Welby NSW )
He was a good bloke and fine cricketer. The game will miss him.
Ravi Thonse ( India )
Its an big blow for the world cricket, His contribution to cricket is priceless as an player, as an cricketer and as an president of ICC he worked his best. May his demised body rest in peace.
Craig Macredie ( Notts )
he will be greatly missed by everybody in the cricket world
tww ( UK )
Always a tragedy to hear one of the past greats die. What a great batsman, and slip fielder. At least he lived to see a stronger England begin to develop once again.
Sharon Baldwin ( Chatham, Kent )
It was a shock to hear of Lord Cowdrey's death this morning. My thoughts go out to his family at this very sad time.
Kamalnayan Asarpota ( India, Ahmedabad )
My sole condolences on the death of the former English player. May his soul rest in peace.
Phil Harding ( Harvey Grammar School, Kent )
One of the true icons of English cricket. In July 1997 he visited the Harvey Grammar School to open our new cricket pavilion in memory of Les Ames, an old boy of the School. He made the occasion a really memorable one for everyone present.
John Bird ( Switzerland )
Thank you for the inspiration and the many memorable moments.
Akhtar Hassan ( Pakistan )
Lord M. C. Cowdrey was a thorough gentleman and a great cricketer. he was respected immensely in world cricket circles. Cricket in general will be poorer without him. I as a Pakistani remember him giving World Cup crystal trophy to Imran Khan in 1992 and asking him humorously not to drop it. He belonged to an era when cricket was a gentleman's game without any betting or match fixing. He faced the fury of Lillee with a lot of courage in perhaps his last series when he was over 40. With his retirement he took with him all the niceties of the game and left behind the likes of Lillee and Marsh who are the pioneers of betting in cricket. May his soul rest in peace.
Vic Watson ( Berkshire UK )
A sad day for the cricket world. Memories of a relaxed, elegant batsman and a superb slip fielder. Condolences to his family and friends.
Jeff Green ( London )
Colin Cowdrey is one of those figures that occupy two places in the mind of cricket fans of my age. Along with Sobers, Truman Benaud and a few others they live in their deeds in the record books but then again as living legends we were privileged to watch play. When he came to the wicket you knew that whatever else happened he would give every ounce of his talents to the team he was playing for, if England that made us glad, if Kent rather less so! In an era of fragile and wayward international batting what country's selectors would not sell their souls for a chance to pick a modern MCC. A familiar figure at any first class ground and unlike quite a few old players one sees at matches always seeming to be keen on the game he was watching. I am sure he will be missed by all cricket fans everywhere.
Tuhin ( Bangladesh )
I am very sad to hear that lord Cowdrey is no more.
umar ( pakistan )
the only words I can say are "Fall of a legend"
John Reed ( Berkshire )
I had the great pleasure of knowing Lord Cowdrey through his sons Chris and Graham during their playing days at Kent. If ever a human soul embodied the great game of cricket it was him. Talent, presence, humour and not least grace. An immense loss to all those who were privileged to have known him. He will be greatly missed.
Dave Liverman ( Canada )
I saw Colin Cowdrey play many times, but the innings that remains in my mind is a rather belligerent knock at Blackheath against Surrey - ultimately a match winning innings. He scored maybe 60 or so, in a mixture of typical Cowdrey elegance, and more rustic methods, including memorably a six swung over square leg that landed smack on the bonnet of a Rolls... A lovely bat to watch, and a brave one too - like many the spectacle of him facing Lillee and Thommo in 74-75 was memorable indeed. He will be missed in Kent
Patrick Briggs ( Kent, but currently living in Dubai )
I am fourteen years younger than Colin, so as I was beginning to take an interest in cricket in the 1950's he was moving towards his prime. I was born in Orpington in Kent and lived there as a child. Colin and his family were near neighbours and we went to the same church. I was (and am!) a passionate supporter of Kent and England cricket and for me Colin was the true star of both. He was an extraordinary batsmen in that he never seemed to need physical strength to propel the ball to the boundary. It was all in the timing and in his special skill in seeing the ball early. He was also a very good captain - undemonstrative and highly intelligent he motivated men in a very subtle way. Colin was undersestimated as a captain and the more extrovert Ted Dexter was preferred as captain for an England (M.C.C. then) tour to Australia. This hurt Colin, but he never really complained. Winning the county championship for Kent in 1970 after decades of no success was one of Colin's highspots. it was an emotional time and all true men of Kent (and Kentish men) rejoiced. A year or two later Colin was summonsed to Australia to face Lillee and Thompson at the age of nearly 40. He did this with great courage and even the hard Ozzie public was impressed. I am devasted at Colin's passing. I saw Raman and Ann Subba-Row in Sharjah earlier this year and they told me that Colin was not well. Then he had his stroke, but all the recent reports were that he was making good progress. I feel that a light has gone out. And (cliche or not) I really do not feel that we shall see his like again. Paddy Briggs
Rodney ( Queensland, Australia )
The passing of a legend, he will be well remembered in the anals of cricket
K. "Billy" Ibadulla ( Dunedin, New Zealand )
To play against Colin Cowdrey was a pleasure; to know him a privilege. To read that he has passed away is a shock.
Peter Tomlinson ( Mittagong NSW Australia )
As a young Australian growing up and falling in love with Cricket in the early 1970's. Colin Cowdrey represented one of the great images of not only ASHES cricket but the sport in general. I am sure many cricket people are greatly saddened with his passing.
Ken Shearman ( Costa Rica )
While in England, there were certain players that became 'fixed' in my memory, Lord Cowdrey was such a player. Pure grace and totally unique - I did not know the man, I read with some great fondness that he was a 'gentleman' to those that knew him. A very sad day indeed, and my thoughts are firmly with his family and friends now. - a quite unrepeatable man. Thank you Colin, for providing the wonderfully warm memories that I carry.
John Thurbiin ( London )
To sit on the grass at Canterbury in the early 1970's and see him stoke the ball through the covers, all grace and with seemingly no effort-defying force. The picture is with me now-The sun seemed warmer. It feels a little colder today
Stephen Chalmers ( St. Patricks C.C. Albury, Australia )
What a player! I remember as a nipper watching him on TV in the twilight of his career, playing against the odds. Look at his average in international and County cricket - a true champion when the word is so loosely used nowadays. Vale.
James Mountjoy ( New Zealand )
A batsman of the highest class. He stood out as being exceptional in an era blessed with class players such as Peter May,Tom Graveney, Grahame Pollock and the like. I used to marvel @ the way he timed the ball to the fence...so elegant..
Shiva ( Singapore )
When I started following cricket in 1963, Colin Cowdrey's name began etched in my memory. I had a Wisden 1950 and his name was mentioned time and again as a star player of Tunbridge Wells school team and a star to watch out for; he never disappointed the countless fans all over the world, not least from India where he was born. His father wanted his name to follow MCC and he lived up to to that hallow name as well. Oh, how much we miss players like him - so dedicated to the game. My condolences to the family.
Peter ( London, England )
I would just like to pass on my condolences to the family of one of the great post-war cricketers. Although I am too young to have seen him play in his prime, as a lifetime supporter of Kent I have always known of his skill. I often saw him around the St Lawrence ground during the '90's and he was unfailingly polite and courteous to whoever spoke to him. He was a true gentleman and a great cricketer and will be sorely missed.
Wasif Rashid ( Pakistan )
I saw him play twice against Pakistan at Lord's in '67 and '71. And now he has retired to the great pavilion in the sky!
Adam Harchuk ( Nottingham )
What a player, what a man, I'm 16 yrs old and appreciate what a good player he was and it was a shock to me that he has died, what a tragedy.
Clive Elliott ( London )
He was a true gentleman on and off the field.
Sal ( Enfield )
A true legend of English batting and a true gentleman.
bharathan sivarajah ( Norway )
condolence to his family & this time we can remember him as a cricket hero. I don't know to much about him, but anyway he done a lot to the cricket. A corruptionless cricketer that is wonderful. Our little nation in cricket will deeply miss a cricket star.
Martin Reed ( Treasurer, Association of Cricket Umpires and Scorers )
One aspect of Colin Cowdrey's administrative career which should not be overlooked is his Presidency of the Association of Cricket Umpires and Scorers. He succeeded Sir George Allen and, like Gubby before him, fervently championed the role of the umpire in a game where respect for officials was rapidly becoming a thing of the past. We shall always remember the wise words spoken during his attendance at our Annual General Meetings and the clarion call to our members to uphold with dignity and impartiality our role in the great game.
Stuart Whitehead ( Chairman of The Club Cricket Conference and Secretary of the Forester Kent Cricket League. )
Colin Cowdrey was the epitome of a true gentleman of cricket, with the emphasis being on GENTLE MAN. For those of us who were privileged to watch Colin's prowess at the crease, this will never be forgotten. He will be sadly missed by all Cricketers in his beloved County of Kent
Ken Bakon ( Sydney Australia )
My memories of Colin Cowdrey; 1.Catch in the slips-straight into the pocket as if nothing had happened. 2.Coming onto the old hill at the SCG during a game between NSW and the MCC (circa 1974/75) and having a beer with the lads. R.I.P. Colin
Nazshar ( Malaysia )
Way back in the 70's when I was a little boy trying to understand this game called cricket, your name would zap across my eyes whenever.
P. S. Murali ( India )
Heartfelt Condolences to his berieved family. He will be remembered for his great batsmanship and his contribution to England (and World) cricket.
Alun Davies ( Australia )
I remember when the England team were fairly weak and they had to tour Australia during the time when Lillee and Thompson were wreaking havoc. Colin was bought out of retirement to be in the squad for his experience and copped a real battering physically, but he never took a backward step and took it very bravely, England and his family should be very proud of him.
Shadab Raza ( Karachi, Pakistan )
This is very sad new to me. I was very keen to see him playing but it was not possible coz of not having much cricket available on video tape. At last I could see in cricket the 60s of BBC production. And I'm really very sad to hear this. My words are least coz of my less english vocabulary. Take my sympathy to his family members.
Paul Tyler ( Glasgow )
A true gentleman and professional on and off the pitch, Lord Cowdrey will be hugely missed but never forgotten by all true cricket lovers.
Simone Gambino ( Italy )
It is more than a sad coincidence the Lord Cowdrey of Tonbridge should pass away as the world of cricket is going through its most difficult moment of turmoil. Cowdrey represented the best possible example of the traditional values of the old school, the one that prior to the abolition of the Gentlemen - Players barrier and the advent of the Packer era governed cricket, albeit conservatively but unquestionably fairly. What was "cricket" and what was not cricket were clearcut values for a man like Cowdrey and I believe that the best way possible the cricketing world can honour him will consist in remembering that not necessarily cricket's adaptation to the laws of the international business market must imply turning back on those values that are at the root of the game.
Dhimant ( India )
I haven't yet believed that Lord Colin Cowdrey is no more. it was a heart shattering news. Sir Colin was one of the greatest cricketers England ever produced and world has ever seen. I wasn't lucky enough to see him bat because I wasn't born then, but from what I heard of him and read about him, I think he was extra special. the first cricketer to be given the title of lord was not a joke. he deserved it the most. Sir Lord Colin Cowdrey was a great cricketer, great captain and a great person. he will be remembered for his skills for a long time. I pray god to give his family strength to bear this huge shock.
AK Bhattacharya. ( Mumbai. )
Great player, Captain. Long live MCC.
S.Kiritharan ( Brunei )
Please accept my condolence
Richard Kent ( Chichester )
A very great gentleman of the game. All players of today should follow the example he set in sportsmanship, honour and playing for pleasure, to ensure that we can pass the game on to future generations in a healthy state.
Chandra Ganapathy ( Chennai, India )
Cricket has lost one of its greatest sons.
Vignesh Vellandhurai ( Sri Lanka )
It's a great loss to the Cricketing World. Lord Cowdrey may be out at 67. but his representation to the game of cricket will never get out. Let his achievements be remembered
Krishnakanth.M.S ( India )
It is very sorry to here such about a great loss - my deep condolence to his family and friends.
Mohammad Talha Mohsen ( Dhaka, Bangladesh )
This is one of the darkest days that cricket has seen so far...I hope late Lord Cowdrey...I hope his soul rests in peace for eternity...
Daniel Brettig ( Australia )
Farewell Mr. Cowdrey, you were one of cricket's great people besides your obvious batting talent, which was considerable. RIP.
M.P Kishore Kumar ( Bangalore )
Indian cricket loving people, also more so that he was born in India, and the whole cricketing world will miss a great gentleman of cricket. May his soul rest in peace, from all of us here, in Bangalore and rest of India. We love u dear MCC.
Benjamin ( India )
very few have brought joy to cricket lovers as Colin Cowdrey did. Many national teams miss players of his calibre. His contribution to the game has been so great that anyone who has cricket connections will remember him fondly always
Justin Ryan ( Norway )
I wish to send my condolences to Lord Cowdrey's family for this sad happening. He was always a good player and a good person as I have seen him before.
Paul Bunn ( Bickley, Kent )
cricket is a sadder place today. My condolences
Krish Warrior ( India )
Sad to see you go, Mr Cowdrey....a man of guts...and a gentleman to the core.....We loved you in India....Rest in Peace.
W.T.Addison ( Hong Kong )
You were always my cricketing idol. You set my standards. Thank you for the memories. RIP- from a sad supporter,
Suthesh Nair ( India )
All the cricket lovers in the world will remember him as one of the greatest ever player to have born. I offer condolence to the grieved family.
Naveen Kumar ( India )
My heartfelt condolences.
Mohan.T.S. ( India )
You were my cricket idol in my school days, May your soul rest in piece Your heartfelt fan
Debashis Chatterjee ( San Jose, CA )
I never saw him play, but read so much about him. The courage he showed in facing Lillee and Thomson at the age of 42 was legendary. May his soul rest in peace.
Suman Dev Panta ( KAthmandu, Nepal )
Sorry to hear untimely demise of a great cricketer. May god keep his soul in peace.
Prakash ( India )
The world of cricket has lost one of its greatest cricketers
Saikumar ( India )
He is truly a Legend. He personified all the good qualities the game of cricket stood for. Elegance, sporting, technique above all a wonderful ambassador the game of cricket ever had. Cricket would miss him now more than anytime as the current imbroglio of match fixing is ravaging cricket. A quote from Abert Einstein on Mahathma Gandhi comes to mind. When a reporter asked Einstein about Mahathma Gandhi, he replied The World will look with awe that a man of such simplicity and greatness ever walked on earth. I feel the same of Colin Cowdrey on Cricket. The name of Colin Cowdrey will forever be remembered for the quality he exemplified on and off the field. The game of cricket will sourly miss him May his soul rest in peace.
Neil Patel ( Hadleigh Essex )
A great loss to the Cowdrey family and cricket . god give strength to the Cowdrey's in this sad time
P.Sriram ( India )
I deeply condole the death of one of greatest English cricketers Lord Cowdrey with my heartfelt condolences to his family,sons Colin and Graham, the English and Wales cricket board and the entire cricketing fraternity. Though I haven't seen him play words of praise about him have always cherished by me and I really feel that his loss irreplaceable to the cricketing world
muhammad Ali Rizwan ( Lahore Pakistan )
I was very shocked when I listen the news of Lord Cowdrey's death but God known better. I like Lord Cowdrey. He was such a good English player.
Karan S ( Toronto, Canada )
my deepest felt condolences to the friends and family of Lord Colin Cowdrey, I hope he may find lasting peace in his heavenly abode.
Murthy Ranjit ( India )
Though I did not get a chance to see Colin Cowdrey's game, I have read a lot about him in books, and heard a lot about him. His death is a great loss to Cricketing world. May his soul rest in Peace.
N S ( India )
Sorry to hear about the passing away of this great stylist. My most sincere condolences to the bereaved family.
Ivor W A Henry )
I have just heard of the sad death of Mr. Collin Cowdrey. I am deeply sorry to say the least. I had a great admiration for Mr. Cowdrey, and I hope that his family will find some slight consolation in the knowledge that the cricket world are grieving at their loss. In deepest sympathy, Yours sincerely, Ivor W.A.Henry
Kish Keswani ( India )
may your soul rest in peace....amen
Pat Lavender ( Australia )
Condolences to the Cowdrey family. As a Man Of Kent living down under for the past 20 years or so, I was saddened to hear of Lord Cowdrey's death. I have many memories of his great batting and sportsmanship and know he will be fondly remembered by cricket fans throughout the world.
Mowahid Shah ( Pakistan )
Colin was a class act as a batsman and as a human being. He had so much time to spare that he made batting look like a sublime skill. I still remember his magnificent 100 in Lahore in 1969 amidst crowd turmoil. His like will not be seen.
Sridhar Narsimhan ( Melbouirne, Australia )
A great loss for cricket. I remember as a little boy watching Colin fielding in the slips, a sharp edge and before you could wink the ball was in his pocket, and everyone was wondering where the ball had gone to. His attitude on the field, his smiling face, his behaviour, was something that I tried to take to the cricket ground every time that I played, and it did me a lot of good. He will be sadly missed. Sridhar.
Jon Wheeler ( Bromley Kent now Farnborough Hants )
A wonderful man who had plenty of time for people. My memories are of him at our local charity cricket matches at Bickley in Kent. A joy to watch at the crease.
M. K. Venkateswaran ( Croydon, Surrey )
I started following Lord Cowdrey's cricketing career since his first tour of 1954-55. I had watched him play with Peter May and later with Ken Barrington. It is a great loss for Cricket considering that he could have had many more years of service to the game he loved.
Kelum Wickramarachchi ( Sri Lanka )
Thank you great cricketer for the great entertainment you've added to the game of cricket. And also the service you've given to the cricketing world as a chairman of ICC over the years was excellent. Being the first cricketer to play 100 test matches you've emphasize how great cricketer you had been. You are one of the all time legends of the game. Once again thank you and good bye for ever great cricketer.
James F. Goater ( England )
Deeply saddened to hear of the death of Colin Cowdrey who epitomized the term 'gentleman-cricketer' and was at one time the world record run-maker in tests. Wherever cricket is played and loved, his name will be remembered with affection and respect. Heartfelt condolences to his family and friends.
Brett Beckner ( Charlottesville, VA, USA )
Whenever I think of English cricket in its purist form, Lord Cowdrey at the crease is the first image to come to mind. He defined the graceful way cricket is meant to be played. God bless his soul.
T.Sugadev )
It is great loss to the cricketing world. His contribution & the exploits would be remembered by all the cricket lovers in the days to come.
| i don't know |
MINT is a term which refers to the economies of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and which other country, all members of the Next Eleven grouping? | BRIC and MINT the next Frontier - JTC
BRIC and MINT the next Frontier
Published 13 Aug 2014
By Philip Burgin
Philip Burgin, Group Head of Client Services at JTC, gives his views on the world's fast growing emerging markets and most promising investment destinations in the August edition of ePrivate Client.
Coined by Goldman Sachs’ economist Jim O’Neill, the term ‘BRICS’ has become commonplace amongst private client professionals, with the combined growth of Brazil, Russia, India and China, anticipated to shape the world economy in the coming decades.
In 2011, a new term was introduced - ‘MINT’, grouping Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey together as the next emerging economic giants, whilst more recently the ‘N-11’ has entered popular parlance, referring to the ‘next eleven’ emerging countries.
Keeping tabs on these new acronyms and making sure you have the most up to date intelligence on these geographically diverse markets is a complex thing, but it’s a challenge well worth tackling - these large, fast growing emerging markets are predicted to be the most promising investment destinations over the next decade.
Trends
The Boston Consulting Group predict that wealth creation and profit pools are evolving and that private wealth will grow significantly in these new emerging economic countries. According to the IMF, in 2014 emerging markets will overtake developed economies in terms of share of global GDP.
Which is why, as a business offering internationally-focused private wealth and family office as well as funds and corporate services, it’s been essential for us to invest our time in cementing client relationships in all of the BRIC and MINT countries.
With more billionaires now coming from emerging economies than European ones, the demand for high quality wealth management services is a key trend for rapid growth markets. For some time, this has been the case in the Asian growth markets, where banking and finance professionals are expressing significant levels of optimism surrounding growth in the private wealth sector.
However, global trends also show that Sub-Saharan Africa is destined to be the top emerging market over the next twelve months and the most attractive investment destination, according to the Emerging Markets Private Equity Association (EMPEA).
As one of the MINT countries, Nigeria is of key interest to wealth professionals at the moment, but other African nations also merit attention, including Ghana, South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya – something that has become increasingly clear to the team at JTC during the twenty years they have been visiting clients and intermediaries and delivering services in the region.
African Opportunities
There are compelling reasons for continuing to explore opportunities in Africa, with the continent as a whole offering attractive new sources of return away from the slower paced developed markets. Increasingly we are seeing Kenya and Nigeria providing more and more investment opportunities, and as a result of elevated economic growth rates generating higher than expected returns along with diversification benefits.
For instance, New World Wealth statistics show the total wealth in Nigeria for 2013 was an impressive USD$227.5 billion, whilst the country has been referenced as having profited the most from Africa’s rapid economic development, being central to Africa’s trade route and making it geographically very attractive.
This inward investment and growth in African economies has of course also had an impact on the number of wealthy African resident individuals and families looking for specialist support. The Knight Frank Wealth Report predicts that the number of multimillionaires in Africa will grow at a faster rate than anywhere else in the world over the next 10 years, for example.
A common feature of all MINT countries is that they boast rapidly growing young populations, which in turn tends to lead to a rapid rise in entrepreneurialism and domestic consumption; both benefiting the economy as a whole. Africa now has the fastest growing middle class in the world, and seven out of ten of the fastest growing countries by real GDP growth, in the world are African.
Given its strength in international wealth management services, its strong rule of law and commitment to high standards of regulation, and its position at the cutting edge of trust legislation, Jersey has found itself in a strong position when it comes to supporting this rise in an African middle class and wealthy population.
Indeed, Jersey Finance has identified Africa as a key region for investment in the coming years, particularly Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. Recognising the huge potential in these exciting African regions, investment – through market visits and attendance at major conferences and events – has already been made by Jersey in all three markets.
In particular, there is a growing trend for real estate investment work on the private client side in Africa growth markets, involving both inward investment into property within Africa and outward investment by African clients into overseas real estate, most frequently in major cities like London. As a specialist jurisdiction for structuring real estate investment vehicles, Jersey is well positioned to cater for these kinds of cross-border transactions involving Africa.
Jersey Expertise
Wealth structuring through Jersey these days is more about asset protection and security than it is about anything else. Given the potential for political instability and risk in Africa, from an African private client point of view the emphasis is very much on creating structures in supportive and stable jurisdictions where they know their money is safe and being managed professionally.
Jersey is fast becoming a preferred jurisdiction within Africa, thanks to its political and economic stability, range of vehicles, on-tap expertise, substance, experience and simple tax neutrality. Striking an appropriate level of privacy and confidentiality is also very important for high net worth individuals and their families, and Jersey offers high levels of security and confidentiality whilst at the same time adopting a cooperative stance with tax authorities globally.
Furthermore, with its wide range of flexible products and an established framework of agreements to enable seamless trade worldwide, Jersey is well placed to support clients seeking to make the most of the growing number of inward and outward investment opportunities in all asset classes arising from the continued development of the emerging market economies.
Complementing this is a steady rise in the number of mining companies in Jersey, many of whom have African links. Jersey’s reputation as a respected business centre within the African market is positioning it perfectly as a location for mining executives to base their operations in and enable their companies to invest, grow and prosper. One African-focused gold mining and exploration company with listings on the London Stock Exchange and New York’s NASDAQ has successfully operated from Jersey for almost 20 years and has grown to become one of the 100 largest companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Jersey’s strong company law, range of specialist law firms, ability to list on global stock exchanges and attractive corporate environment provides a welcome additional dimension for private clients considering Jersey as their partner jurisdiction.
There’s no doubt that meeting the needs of clients has always been the main driver for a private wealth service provider, but in exploring opportunities in the emerging BRIC and MINT countries, including those in Africa, the need to adapt and provide tailored services becomes even more apparent. This is a reason why the JTC Group decided to establish a presence in Mauritius - to cater for the specific needs of Sub Saharan African clients who can, amongst other things, utilise the large treaty network in Mauritius, alongside the attractive holding structures offered in Jersey.
Key for the years to come, as those rapidly growing economies continue to produce wealthy families, will be Jersey’s ability to stay ahead of the game, fend off competition from other centres and differentiate itself in terms of the quality of specialist cross-border services it can provide.
| Turkey |
Who is the mother of French actress Lou Doillon, the half-sister of Charlotte Gainsbourg? | The Big Apple: BRIC (Brazil + Russia + India + China)
Entry from March 21, 2011
BRIC (Brazil + Russia + India + China)
"BRIC” is an acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China. The term was coined by Jim O’Neill, head of Goldman Sachs’ Global Economic Research Group, in his 2001 paper, “Building Better Global Economic BRICs.”
O’Neill’s report concluded:
. Over the next 10 years, the weight of the BRICs and especially China in world GDP will grow, raising important issues about the global economic impact of fiscal and monetary policy in the BRICs.
. In line with these prospects, world policymaking forums should be re-organised and in particular, the G7 should be adjusted to incorporate BRIC representatives.
“BRIC” was given the backronym (back acronym) of “Bloody Ridiculous Investment Concept” in 2011.
Similar acronymns include “MINT” (Mexico + Indonesia + Nigeria + Turkey), “PIIGS” (Portugal + Italy + Ireland + Greece + Spain) and “PITS” (Phlippines + Indonesia + Thailand + Singapore).
Wikipedia: BRIC
In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. It is typically rendered as “the BRICs” or “the BRIC countries” or alternatively as the “Big Four”.
The acronym was coined by Jim O’Neill in a 2001 paper entitled “Building Better Global Economic BRICs”. The acronym has come into widespread use as a symbol of the shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world.
According to a paper published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered already more developed, as they were already members of the OECD.
Several of the more developed of the N-11 countries, in particular Turkey, Mexico, Nigeria and Indonesia, are seen as the most likely contenders to join the BRICs. Some other developing countries that have not yet reached the N-11 economic level, such as South Africa, aspire to BRIC status. Economists at the Reuters 2011 Investment Outlook Summit, held on 6–7 December 2010, dismissed the notion of South Africa joining BRIC. Jim O’Neill told the summit that he was constantly being lobbied about BRIC status by various countries. He said that South Africa, at a population of under 50 million people, was just too small an economy to join the BRIC ranks.
Goldman Sachs has argued that, since the four BRIC countries are developing rapidly, by 2050 their combined economies could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries of the world. These four countries, combined, currently account for more than a quarter of the world’s land area and more than 40% of the world’s population.
Goldman Sachs did not argue that the BRICs would organize themselves into an economic bloc, or a formal trading association, as the European Union has done. However, there are some indications that the “four BRIC countries have been seeking to form a ‘political club’ or ‘alliance’”, and thereby converting “their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout”. On June 16, 2009, the leaders of the BRIC countries held their first summit in Yekaterinburg, and issued a declaration calling for the establishment of an equitable, democratic and multipolar world order. Since then they have met in Brasília in 2010 and will meet in China in 2011.
Investopedia
What Does Brazil, Russia, India And China - BRIC Mean?
An acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China combined. The general consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these four economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers.
Wikipedia: Jim O’Neill (economist)
Jim O’Neill is presently the Chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. He was previously head of global economic research and commodities and strategy research at Goldman Sachs. He is best known for his prominent economic thesis regarding the economically related nations referred to as BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China). He coined the phrase in a 2001 paper entitle “The World Needs Better Economic BRICs.”
Building Better Global Economic BRICs
GLOBAL INVESTMENT RESEARCH - November 2001
. In 2001 and 2002, real GDP growth in large emerging market economies will exceed that of the G7.
. At end-2000, GDP in US$ on a PPP basis in Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) was about 23.3% of world GDP. On a current GDP basis, BRIC share of world GDP is 8%.
. Using current GDP, China’s GDP is bigger than that of Italy.
. Over the next 10 years, the weight of the BRICs and especially China in world GDP will grow, raising important issues about the global economic impact of fiscal and monetary policy in the BRICs.
. In line with these prospects, world policymaking forums should be re-organised and in particular, the G7 should be adjusted to incorporate BRIC representatives.
Building Better Global Economic BRICs, November, 2001 [PDF, 178 KB]
Follow the yellow BRIC road
Welcome to tomorrow’s economic giants
Oct 9th 2003 | from the print edition
(...)
A new study by Goldman Sachs focuses on the so-called BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Today their combined GDP (at market exchange rates) is one-eighth of the output of the G6 (Goldman leaves out Canada, which accounts for only 3% of the G7’s GDP) But the study concludes that the total output of the four economies will overtake that of the G6 in less than 40 years. Of today’s G6, only America and Japan would then still be among the world’s six biggest economies.
Google News Archive
23 October 2003, Toledo (OH) Blade, “Space launch a glimmer of what the future holds” by Gwynne Dyer, pg. A15, col. 2:
The Goldman Sachs paper is a sophisticated exercise in prediction that takes into account factors like population growth and changing age structures, capital accumulation and likely productivity growth, rather than just doing straight-line projections of current trends. It focuses on what it calls the “Brics”: four lower-middle-income countries—Brazil, Russia, India, and China—that have big populations and already have significant industrial and technological skills and resources. And it tells us where it thinks we will all be in 2050.
Let Us Praise Slow Growers
By DANIEL GROSS
Published: April 17, 2005
THE next big thing in investing is what the strategists and economists at brokerage houses have taken to calling the BRIC’s - Brazil, Russia, India and China. These developing countries sport high growth rates, and produce and consume prodigious quantities of commodities, from oil to soybeans.
BRIC economies : opportunities and challenges (Brazil, Russia, India and China)
Author: B Sujatha
Publisher: Hyderabad, India : ICFAI University Press, 2006.
Series: ICFAI books.
Has the perfect storm reached a tipping point? Does the black swan have a long tail?
Nov 15th 2007 | from The World In 2008 print edition
(...)
BRIC-speak
It’s a big world out there but jargon helps to break it down into manageable chunks. The “BRIC countries” (Brazil, Russia, India and China) is a term that emerged in 2003, courtesy of Goldman Sachs, as shorthand for the world’s biggest emerging markets. Mutations include BRICET, bringing eastern Europe and Turkey into the mix, and BRICS, which adds South Africa. Time-pressed executives have found other creative ways to save microseconds when talking about the world: why faff around saying China and India when you can say “Chindia”? Watch for more elision in 2008: with luck, growing links between Spain and Latin America will go Splat.
(Trademark)
Word Mark GOLDMAN SACHS BRICS
Goods and Services IC 036. US 100 101 102. G & S: FINANCIAL SERVICES, NAMELY, INVESTMENT AND ASSET ADVISORY SERVICES; FINANCIAL ANALYSIS SERVICES; FINANCIAL RESEARCH SERVICES; PROVIDING ONLINE DATABASES IN THE FIELDS OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENT, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL PLANNING, FINANCIAL RESEARCH, INVESTMENT ADVICE, AND ASSET ALLOCATION
Standard Characters Claimed
Mark Drawing Code (4) STANDARD CHARACTER MARK
Serial Number 77476451
Filing Date May 16, 2008
Current Filing Basis 1B
Original Filing Basis 1B
Published for Opposition November 4, 2008
Owner (APPLICANT) Goldman, Sachs & Co. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and The Goldman, Sachs & Co., LLC, a Delaware limited liability company LIMITED PARTNERSHIP NEW YORK 200 West Street New York NEW YORK 10282
Attorney of Record Steven T. Shelton
Disclaimer NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO USE “BRICS” APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN
Type of Mark SERVICE MARK
Register PRINCIPAL
(Trademark)
Word Mark BRIC STRATEGY FUND
Goods and Services (ABANDONED) IC 036. US 100 101 102. G & S: Financial services, specifically, investment services, namely asset acquisition, consultation, development and management services, pertaining to investment in Brazil, Russia, India and China. FIRST USE: 20040907. FIRST USE IN COMMERCE: 20040907
Standard Characters Claimed
Mark Drawing Code (4) STANDARD CHARACTER MARK
Serial Number 78604379
Filing Date April 7, 2005
Current Filing Basis 1A
Original Filing Basis 1A
Owner (APPLICANT) Breeze Ventures Management, LLC Colin Breeze, United States Citizen (sole Member) LTD LIAB CO DELAWARE 750 Hamilton Ave. Palo Alto CALIFORNIA 94301
Disclaimer NO CLAIM IS MADE TO THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO USE “Strategy Fund” APART FROM THE MARK AS SHOWN
Type of Mark SERVICE MARK
Register PRINCIPAL
| i don't know |
Who plays the title role in the 2013 film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom? | Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013) - News
17 January 2017 8:34 AM, PST
NEWS
19 December 2016 8:00 AM, PST | Indiewire | See recent Indiewire news »
Actor Idris Elba has spent the past year lending his voice to three of the year’s most acclaimed animated films, including Disney’s “ Zootopia ,” Pixar’s “ Finding Dory ” and the live-action/CGI film “ The Jungle Book ” as Shere Khan, the fearsome, villainous tiger. But when he’s not performing voiceover work or starring in the latest “ Star Trek ” film, he’s leading the powerful ensemble drama “100 Streets,” about three interwoven stories in one square mile of modern day London.
Read More: ‘100 Streets’ Trailer: Idris Elba Plays a Retired Rugby Player Who Spirals Out of Control
Elba stars as Max, a former rugby player who struggles to find a life off the field while fighting to save his marriage to former actress Emily ( Gemma Arterton ). Alongside Max and Emily, there’s the stories of Kingsley ( Franz Drameh ), a small time drug dealer desperately searching for a way off the street, »
- Vikram Murthi
24 November 2016 7:00 AM, PST | Indiewire | See recent Indiewire news »
So often, actors and actresses are lauded for undertaking jaw-dropping physical changes to play what frequently amounts to their most important roles. Time and again, performers who are willing to mold their bodies to a part – think Christian Bale in “ The Machinist ,” Charlize Theron in “ Monster ” or Matthew McConaughey in “ Dallas Buyers Club ,” just to name a very recent few – reap the biggest rewards.
For “ Moonlight ” star Naomie Harris , her greatest challenge wasn’t of the physical variety, it was the emotional. In order to play Paula, the mother of the film’s central character Chiron, over three different time periods, the British actress didn’t need to make adjustments to her body, but to her own heart.
Harris has worked steadily in both film and television since she was a kid – as a youngster, she had recurring roles on British series like “Simon and the Witch” and “ Runaway Bay , »
- Kate Erbland
28 October 2016 1:30 AM, PDT | Variety - Film News | See recent Variety - Film News news »
The British Independent Film Awards has revealed that Naomie Harris will receive this year’s Variety Award at the ceremony on Dec. 4. The award recognizes a director, actor, writer or producer who has made a global impact and helped to focus the international spotlight on the U.K.
Previous recipients of the award include Benedict Cumberbatch , Jude Law , Kenneth Branagh , Keira Knightley , Liam Neeson , Michael Caine , Daniel Craig , Helen Mirren and, last year, Kate Winslet .
Harris said: “I am touched and honored to be included alongside such an inspiring and talented group of filmmakers. Working in film has given me the chance to tell stories from around the world — and I’m incredibly proud to represent British filmmaking when doing so.”
Harris is best known to global audiences as Eve Moneypenny in “ Spectre ” and “ Skyfall ,” and Tia Dalma in the “Pirates of the Caribbean” films. This year, she has appeared in the awards contender “ Moonlight , »
- Leo Barraclough
24 October 2016 1:44 PM, PDT | ScreenDaily | See recent ScreenDaily news »
CEO Brian O’Shea announced the new signing on Monday ahead of next week’s Afm in Santa Monica .
Justin Chadwick will direct The Lady And The Panda, a UK-China co-production that Laura Bickford and Europe China Picture Group CEO Michelle Qi are producing.
The story centres on 1930s New York socialite Ruth Harkness , who ventured into the Chinese interior after the death of her explorer husband and rescued an orphan panda.
Production is scheduled to begin in November all over the Sichuan region in the foothills of the Himalayas in China.
Chadwick, Bickford and Holly Gent Palmo wrote the screenplay based on Harkness’ detailed correspondence.
Joe Simpson of Miscellaneous Entertainment, Andrew Mann and Fiona Druckenmiller serve as executive producers.
The Exchange’s sales line-up includes documentary Gleason, A Street »
- [email protected] (Jeremy Kay)
21 October 2016 7:30 AM, PDT | Indiewire | See recent Indiewire news »
There was one thing Naomie Harris never wanted to do. Although the classically trained British actress’ resume is enviably varied, complete with a two-film turn as James Bond’s ever-reliable right-hand gal Moneypenny, a recurring role in the “Pirates of the Caribbean” franchise and a lauded performance as Winnie Mandela in the 2013 biopic “ Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ,” Harris had long made it plain that there were roles she just wouldn’t take.
“I set out my career thinking that there were enough stereotypes about black women, so I wanted to make a difference in this arena,” Harris recently told IndieWire. “The only area where I have power is in the roles I choose, so I want to portray progressive images of women.”
Read More: ‘ Moonlight ’ Review: Barry Jenkins Delivers a Mesmerizing Look at Black Life in America
And that stance boiled down to one – very firm – no-go: “I drew the line at crack addiction. »
- Kate Erbland
6 July 2016 4:02 AM, PDT | We Got This Covered | See recent We Got This Covered news »
You might say that Idris Elba currently has the wind at his back, in terms of career fortunes within the filmmaking industry. But, the truth is, he is an exceptional talent, who works very hard to improve and excel. Anyone that has been watching his onscreen output over the years – from his early guest spots in UK drama The Bill, to his performance as Nelson Mandela in Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom – has seen a young actor gradually honing his skills and achieving his potential. This development now continues, with confirmation that Elba will be making his directorial debut with the drama, Yardie.
The project was recently mentioned by the UK CEO of Studiocanal , Danny Perkins , in conversation with Screen Daily. It is a film adaptation of the 1992 debut novel of author Victor Headley, which weaves a tale of organized crime and drug trafficking in 1980s London.
“D, a courier »
20 June 2016 8:05 PM, PDT | Variety - Film News | See recent Variety - Film News news »
South African super-producer Anant Singh has unveiled plans for a sprawling studio complex in the heart of Durban that will transform the film industry in this sunny seaside city.
At a cost of roughly $500 million, eThekwini Film City – which takes its name from the Zulu name for Durban – will combine world-class studio facilities with a tourist resort and residential properties, sitting on 50 acres of prime beachfront property.
As planning with local government enters its final stages, Singh says he hopes to begin moving on site by early 2017.
For Singh, whose Videovision is responsible for such iconic South African films as “Cry, the Beloved Country,” “Sarafina!,” “ Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ,” and Oscar nominee “ Yesterday ,” it’s the culmination of a dream more than a decade in the making.
“It gives Durban a home for the film industry,” he says.
Mock-ups for the proposed site are divided into sections that reflect the underlying mantra to “live, »
- Christopher Vourlias
British filmmaker Justin Chadwick (" Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ," " Tulip Fever ") is in negotiations to helm an untitled biopic about lawyer Johnnie Cochran that stars Anthony Mackie (" Captain America: Civil War ") in the role.
David McMillan penned the script which deals with the 1981 wrongful death case of college football star Ron Settles who hung himself in a city jail cell in despair over his arrest for speeding.
Cochran suspected foul play and persuaded the Settles family to request that the body be exhumed for an autopsy, which showed Settles had been choked to death and his family was subsequently awarded $1 million in a civil suit.
Cochran remains best known for his defense of O.J. Simpson in the 1995 murder case and was memorably played by Courtney B. Vance in FX's recent " American Crime Story " series.
Source: Variety »
14 June 2016 7:26 PM, PDT | MovieWeb | See recent MovieWeb news »
After starring as The Falcon for the third time in Marvel's Captain America: Civil War , Anthony Mackie is lining up a much different project. The actor has come aboard to star as legendary defense lawyer Johnnie Cochran in an untitled project centering on his landmark Signal Hill police brutality case in 1981. Justin Chadwick ( Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ) has come aboard to direct the Johnnie Cochran Signal Hill Project, which is being set up by The Firm.
Deadline has the news on this project, which will center on the case that put Johnnie Cochran on the map. While the lawyer is most well known for his work in the O.J. Simpson trial, he first made a name for himself with a 1981 police brutality case in the Los Angeles County neighborhood of Signal Hill . The lawyer represented Cal State Long Beach football star Ron Settles, who had been arrested for speeding in Signal Hill . Shortly after his arrest, he was found hung in his cell, which the police called a suicide.
After persuading the family to exhume Ron Settles' body, an autopsy showed that he had in fact been choked to death. The family was awarded a $765,000 civil settlement and the town's police chief resigned although no one was charged in Ron Settles' death. The Signal Hill case is one of many throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s that lead to reform in how police departments handle prisoners.
Justin Chadwick is directing from a script by David McMillan , with Anthony Mackie producing alongside Jason Spire and Robbie Brenner , whose company The Firm is financing and producing. Kevin McKeon and Jeff Kwatinetz will also produce, with David McMillan set to executive produce. Justin Chadwick most recently directed Tulip Fever and Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom .
Anthony Mackie most recently starred in Captain America: Civil War and the HBO movie All the Way, where he portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. alongside Bryan Cranston as Lyndon B. Johnson . The actor is believed to be returning as The Falcon for the Avengers: Infinity War movies, which start production in November. It isn't known when filming will begin on this untitled Johnnie Cochran / Signal Hill movie, but we'll be sure to keep you posted as soon as more details come in. »
- MovieWeb
Chadwick directed 2013’s “ Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ,” “ The Other Boleyn Girl ” and the upcoming “ Tulip Fever .” David McMillan penned the script for the Cochran project.
The film will be centered on the 1981 wrongful death case of college football star Ron Settles. Signal Hill police ruled that Settles had hung himself in a city jail cell in despair over his arrest for speeding, but Cochran suspected foul play and persuaded the Settles family to request that the body be exhumed for an autopsy, which showed Settles had been choked to death.
The Settles family was subsequently awarded $1 million in a civil suit against the Southern California city. Cochran is best known for his defense of O.J. Simpson in the 1995 murder case in which Simpson was acquitted.
Robbie Brenner , The Firm’s president of film, will produce along with Mackie and Jason Spire . Jeff Kwatinetz will be exec producer, along with McMillan.
Mackie was most recently seen in “ Captain America: Civil War .”
Chadwick is represented by UTA. Mackie is repped by UTA and Inspire.
»
1 May 2016 3:00 AM, PDT | The Guardian - Film News | See recent The Guardian - Film News news »
The modern Eve Moneypenny and star of forthcoming Le Carré adaptation Our Kind of Traitor on female directors, posh actors and why theatre’s not for her
“Oh gosh, someone’s had an accident there,” says actor Naomie Harris , sounding concerned. She’s in a car en route to the Dior show at Paris fashion week; such invitations have tumbled in since she played Winnie Mandela in 2013’s Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom and updated Eve Moneypenny in the Bond films Skyfall and Spectre . Harris, 39, began acting professionally aged nine, and after university (Cambridge) and drama school (Bristol Old Vic) she was cast by Danny Boyle in the dystopian 28 Days Later. Her new movie is Our Kind of Traitor , an adaptation of the John le Carré novel, in which she and Ewan McGregor are an ordinary couple caught up with the Russian mafia while on holiday in Marrakech.
Is going »
1 May 2016 3:00 AM, PDT | The Guardian - Film News | See recent The Guardian - Film News news »
The modern Eve Moneypenny and star of forthcoming Le Carré adaptation Our Kind of Traitor on female directors, posh actors and why theatre’s not for her
“Oh gosh, someone’s had an accident there,” says actor Naomie Harris , sounding concerned. She’s in a car en route to the Dior show at Paris fashion week; such invitations have tumbled in since she played Winnie Mandela in 2013’s Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom and updated Eve Moneypenny in the Bond films Skyfall and Spectre . Harris, 39, began acting professionally aged nine, and after university (Cambridge) and drama school (Bristol Old Vic) she was cast by Danny Boyle in the dystopian 28 Days Later. Her new movie is Our Kind of Traitor , an adaptation of the John le Carré novel, in which she and Ewan McGregor are an ordinary couple caught up with the Russian mafia while on holiday in Marrakech.
Is going »
29 April 2016 1:13 AM, PDT | The Hollywood News | See recent The Hollywood News news »
The first trailer for the upcoming drama Tulip Fever has just been released by The Weinstein Company.
The period drama, which stars Alicia Vikander , Dane DeHaan , Christoph Waltz , Holliday Grainger , Jack O’Connell, Zach Galifianakis , Dame Judi Dench , Matthew Morrison , Tom Hollander , Cara Delevingne , Cressida Bonas , and David Harewood , will be delivered to cinemas later this year, and already we’re hearing awards buzz.
Justin Chadwick ( Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom ) directs the film, which is set in 17th century Amsterdam. The film follows a married woman ( Alicia Vikander ) who begins a passionate affair with an artist ( Dane DeHaan ) hired to paint her portrait. The lovers gamble on the booming market for tulip bulbs as a way to raise money to run away together.
Tulip Fever has a release date set for July 15th, 2016 in the U.S. It is still awaiting a U. K. date . Watch the first trailer, »
- Paul Heath
28 April 2016 11:53 AM, PDT | We Got This Covered | See recent We Got This Covered news »
Completing the one-two punch following yesterday’s release date announcement, The Weinstein Company have premiered the first trailer for Tulip Fever , the long-in-development period drama that chronicles a forbidden romance that brews between Dane DeHaan and the seemingly omnipresent Alicia Vikander .
It’s the latter who finds herself trapped in a loveless marriage at the beginning of Justin Chadwick ’s ( Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ) feature film. Housed up with Christoph Waltz ’s powerful dutchman, Vikander indulges in a love affair with Dane DeHaan ’s aspiring artist. Commissioned by her husband to paint a portrait of their frigid romance, the young pair then seize control of their own futures by plotting an escape during a time when the country was revelling in an economic boom.
Much of that can be traced back to the Tulip mania that gripped the Netherlands during the midst of the 17th century, and it’s »
- Michael Briers
28 April 2016 7:49 AM, PDT | ScreenDaily | See recent ScreenDaily news »
Exclusive: All-female production stars Canadian actress Natalie Krill and Swedish model Erika Linder .
Elle Driver has acquired world sales to all-female production Below Her Mouth , about a passionate, unexpected fling between two women that changes their lives forever.
It is the latest production from Toronto-based Serendipity Point Films, which previously produced Atom Egoyan ’s Remember , Oscar-nominated Barney’s Version and Being Julia , and is made in association with South African outfit Distant Horizon.
The film, which was shot with an all-female crew, stars Canadian actress Natalie Krill and Swedish model Erika Linder in her first acting role. Serendipity’s Melissa Coghlan is lead producer.
Actress and director April Mullen directs from a screenplay by Stephanie Fabrizi .
Described by its producers as a “bold, uninhibited drama”, the feature kicks off with a steamy, weekend affair between two women: Dallas, a roofer, and Jasmine, a fashion editor. But the powerful connection they ignite derails their lives.
Linder is known »
28 April 2016 7:39 AM, PDT | The Film Stage | See recent The Film Stage news »
Before The Light Between Oceans and Jason Bourne, Alicia Vikander will take the lead in another feature this year. While Tulip Fever is technically the actress’ first film after winning an Oscar for The Danish Girl , the drama shot two summers ago, but will finally see a release this year. Coming from The Weinstein Company, the first trailer has arrived today.
Also starring Christoph Waltz , Dane DeHaan , Cara Delevingne , Jack O’Connell, Judi Dench , Zach Galifianakis , and Tom Hollander , the film is based on Deborah Moggach ‘s novel of romance, paintings, and 17th-century Netherlands. Directed by Justin Chadwick ( Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ), it follows a love affair between a man and a woman at a time when Dutch painters were creating paintings that would go on to become dubbed masterpieces.
Check out the trailer below.
Set in 17th century Amsterdam, Tulip Fever follows a married woman ( Alicia Vikander ) who »
- Jordan Raup
| Idris Elba |
Which word completes the tile of a Kerry Greenwood novel about a visit to Sydney to watch cricket by her detective character Phryne Fisher – Death before ________? | ‘Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom’ With Idris Elba - The New York Times
The New York Times
Movies |The High Road Through a Struggle Is Never Easy to Navigate
Search
The High Road Through a Struggle Is Never Easy to Navigate
‘Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom’ With Idris Elba
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
NYT Critics’ Pick
'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'
The Times critic Stephen Holden reviews “Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.”
By Gabe Johnson on Publish Date December 6, 2013. . Watch in Times Video »
embed
Hard moral decisions weigh heavily. And in “Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom,” Justin Chadwick ’s stately screen biography of Nelson Mandela , the British actor Idris Elba conveys the agony as well as the nobility of Mr. Mandela’s quest for South African racial equality. Much of that pain is suppressed rage at the cruelty and injustice of apartheid. As Mr. Mandela looks beyond the fury of the moment and calculates the cost of urging violence, you sense his frustration at having to make the only reasonable choice and taking the high road.
Mr. Elba doesn’t look much like Mr. Mandela. He is considerably beefier. But he has the same sharp, hyper-alert gaze that acknowledges the world’s horrors while looking above and beyond toward a humanitarian ideal. He also captures Mr. Mandela’s distinctive accent with an uncanny accuracy. Mr. Elba is completely convincing as a natural leader with a ferocious drive. He makes you feel the almost unimaginable personal price Mr. Mandela paid by spending 27 years in prison, separated from his family and the anti-apartheid movement on an island off Cape Town. His lowest moment comes when he is forbidden to leave the island to bury his eldest son.
The performances of Mr. Elba and of Naomie Harris — who plays his wife Winnie, a volatile firebrand whose simmering anger can erupt at any moment — give a crucial human dimension to this streamlined, panoramic, would-be epic. The Mandelas are the only significant roles in a movie in which everyone else, including white South African leaders, is a bit player.
“Long Walk to Freedom” sustains the measured, inspirational tone of a grand, historical pageant. Events that are worth films of their own are compressed into a sweeping, generalized history. Gripping, dynamically choreographed scenes of street violence are harrowing but short, as the story hurtles forward at breakneck speed.
If the lack of specifics about politics is frustrating, how could it be otherwise? Mr. Mandela’s biography and South African history are so rich and inextricably linked that it is impossible to reduce it to a nearly two-and-a-half-hour movie without it feeling rushed and incomplete. “Winnie Mandela,” Darrell J. Roodt’s recent much inferior film, in which Mr. Mandela made only brief appearances, had the same problem.
Photo
Idris Elba, left, and Naomie Harris in “Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom,” based on Nelson Mandela’s autobiography. Credit Keith Bernstein/The Weinstein Company
Still, to their credit, Mr. Chadwick ( “The Other Boleyn Girl” ) and the screenwriter, William Nicholson, who adapted the script from Mr. Mandela’s autobiography, have created a movie with the flow and grandeur of a traditional Hollywood biopic. “Long Walk to Freedom” barely glosses Mr. Mandela’s youth. We meet him as a teenager in his Xhosa village completing a ritual initiation into manhood.
Minutes later, he is a dashing hot-shot defense lawyer and amateur boxer, whose first wife, Evelyn, leaves him because of his womanizing. He meets his match in Winnie, and they are immediately aware of themselves as a power couple bound together in a common struggle for racial equality.
Advertisement
Continue reading the main story
Mr. Mandela’s dalliance with violence leads to his arrest and sentence of life imprisonment on Robben Island, where he breaks rocks in a quarry. The movie speeds through his prison years, taking just enough time to show the diabolical ways that punishment is meted out and small privileges extended. When he and his fellow African National Congress leaders arrive there, they are obliged to wear shorts. He wages a successful campaign for the prisoners to be given long pants, a symbolic but small victory. That’s how the movie picks and chooses its humanizing moments, and there are enough to keep its tone from seeming stuffily reverent.
Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box.
Invalid email address. Please re-enter.
You must select a newsletter to subscribe to.
Sign Up
Privacy Policy
“Long Walk to Freedom” warms up once Mr. Mandela is released from prison, warily reunites with Winnie and negotiates an end to apartheid with the white power structure. The compelling scenes of the Mandelas, no longer youthful, bitterly disagreeing over policy and separating, are so powerfully acted that every accusatory glance exchanged by the couple conveys accumulated years of struggle and sacrifice. Intransigently radical, Winnie Mandela endorsed retaliation against black South Africans who collaborated with the apartheid regime. One scene shows a young man about to be burned alive. During this final third, the film comes the closest to shedding its lofty airs.
Mr. Elba’s towering performance lends “Long Walk to Freedom” a Shakespearean breadth. His Mandela is an intensely emotional man whose body quakes in moments of sorrow and whose face is stricken with a bone-deep anguish. The carefully chosen words in his eloquent declarations of principle, spoken with gravity and deliberation, are deeply stirring.
“Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom” is rated PG-13 (Parents strongly cautioned) for scenes of intense violence, sexual content and strong language.
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
NYT Critics’ Pick
| i don't know |
Which hormone controls the supply of sugar from the blood to the muscles? | e.hormone | Endocrine System : Hormone Glands
Endocrine System
Hormone Function: Develop & maintain female sex organs & characteristics; Initiates building of uterine lining
Hormone Regulator: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Ovary (Corpus Luteum)
Hormone Released: Progesterone & Estrogens
Hormone Structure: Steroid
Hormone Function: Influences breast development and menstrual cycles; Promotes growth and differentiation of uterine lining; Maintains pregnancy
Hormone Regulator: FSH & Luteinizing hormone
Hormone Released: Androgens (mainly testosterone)
Hormone Structure: Steroid
Hormone Function: Develop & maintain male sex organs & characteristics; aid sperm production
Hormone Regulator: FSH & LH
Hormone Function: Lowers blood sugar; Increases glycogen storage in liver; Stimulates protein synthesis
Hormone Regulator: Blood glucose concentrations
Hormone Released: Glucagon
Hormone Function: Stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver; Increases blood sugar (glucose) concentration
Hormone Regulator: Blood glucose & amino acid concentrations
Hormone Released: Somatostatin
Hormone Function: Suppresses release of insulin & glucagon
Hormone Regulator: Nervous system, feedback from growth hormone
Adrenal Glands (Medulla And Cortex)
Hormone Released: Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Hormone Structure: Amino Acid Derivative (Catecholamine)
Hormone Function: Constricts blood vessels in skin, kidneys and gut which increases blood supply to heart, brain and skeletal muscles and leads to increased heart rate & blood pressure; Stimulates smooth muscle contraction; Raises blood glucose levels which increases available energy
Hormone Regulator: Sympathetic nervous system
Hormone Released: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Hormone Structure: Amino Acid Derivative (Catecholamine)
Hormone Function: Constricts blood vessels throughout the body; Increases heart rate & contraction of cardiac muscles; Increases metabolic rate
Hormone Regulator: Sympathetic nervous system
Hormone Released: Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol & corticosterone)
Hormone Structure: Steroids
Hormone Function: Regulates blood glucose concentrations by affecting many aspects of carbohydrate metabolism; Affects growth; Decreases effects of stress and anti-inflammatories
Hormone Regulator: Corticotopin- releasing hormone (CRH) from hypthalamus; Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Hormone Released: Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)
Hormone Structure: Steroid
Hormone Function: Regulates sodium, water & potassium excretion by the kidney
Hormone Regulator: Renin & Angiotensin
Hormone Released: Gonadocorticoids (mainly androgens (male sex hormones))
Hormone Structure: Steroid
Hormone Function: Contribute to secondary sex characteristics (particularly after menopause in women)
Hormone Regulator: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
| Insulin |
Which county town stands at the confluence of the A5 and A49? | Endocrine System: Discover the Anatomy and Function of Glands
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
All of the releasing and inhibiting hormones affect the function of the anterior pituitary gland. TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone. GHRH and GHIH work to regulate the release of growth hormone—GHRH stimulates growth hormone release, GHIH inhibits its release. GnRH stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone while CRH stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The last two hormones—oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone—are produced by the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and later released.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland , also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus of the brain. Many blood vessels surround the pituitary gland to carry the hormones it releases throughout the body. Situated in a small depression in the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica, the pituitary gland is actually made of 2 completely separate structures: the posterior and anterior pituitary glands.
Posterior Pituitary: The posterior pituitary gland is actually not glandular tissue at all, but nervous tissue instead. The posterior pituitary is a small extension of the hypothalamus through which the axons of some of the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus extend. These neurosecretory cells create 2 hormones in the hypothalamus that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary:
Oxytocin triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breastfeeding.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents water loss in the body by increasing the re-uptake of water in the kidneys and reducing blood flow to sweat glands.
Anterior Pituitary: The anterior pituitary gland is the true glandular part of the pituitary gland. The function of the anterior pituitary gland is controlled by the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces 6 important hormones:
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), as its name suggests, is a tropic hormone responsible for the stimulation of the thyroid gland.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex, the outer part of the adrenal gland, to produce its hormones.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the follicle cells of the gonads to produce gametes—ova in females and sperm in males.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the gonads to produce the sex hormones—estrogens in females and testosterone in males.
Human growth hormone (HGH) affects many target cells throughout the body by stimulating their growth, repair, and reproduction.
Prolactin (PRL) has many effects on the body, chief of which is that it stimulates the mammary glands of the breast to produce milk.
Pineal Gland
The pineal gland is a small pinecone-shaped mass of glandular tissue found just posterior to the thalamus of the brain. The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin that helps to regulate the human sleep-wake cycle known as the circadian rhythm. The activity of the pineal gland is inhibited by stimulation from the photoreceptors of the retina. This light sensitivity causes melatonin to be produced only in low light or darkness. Increased melatonin production causes humans to feel drowsy at nighttime when the pineal gland is active.
Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck and wrapped around the lateral sides of the trachea. The thyroid gland produces 3 major hormones:
Calcitonin
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin is released when calcium ion levels in the blood rise above a certain set point. Calcitonin functions to reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood by aiding the absorption of calcium into the matrix of bones. The hormones T3 and T4 work together to regulate the body’s metabolic rate. Increased levels of T3 and T4 lead to increased cellular activity and energy usage in the body.
Parathyroid Glands
The parathyroid glands are 4 small masses of glandular tissue found on the posterior side of the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands produce the hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is involved in calcium ion homeostasis. PTH is released from the parathyroid glands when calcium ion levels in the blood drop below a set point. PTH stimulates the osteoclasts to break down the calcium containing bone matrix to release free calcium ions into the bloodstream. PTH also triggers the kidneys to return calcium ions filtered out of the blood back to the bloodstream so that it is conserved.
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands are a pair of roughly triangular glands found immediately superior to the kidneys. The adrenal glands are each made of 2 distinct layers, each with their own unique functions: the outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla.
Adrenal cortex: The adrenal cortex produces many cortical hormones in 3 classes: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.
Glucocorticoids have many diverse functions, including the breakdown of proteins and lipids to produce glucose. Glucocorticoids also function to reduce inflammation and immune response.
Mineralocorticoids, as their name suggests, are a group of hormones that help to regulate the concentration of mineral ions in the body.
Androgens, such as testosterone, are produced at low levels in the adrenal cortex to regulate the growth and activity of cells that are receptive to male hormones. In adult males, the amount of androgens produced by the testes is many times greater than the amount produced by the adrenal cortex, leading to the appearance of male secondary sex characteristics.
Adrenal medulla: The adrenal medulla produces the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine under stimulation by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Both of these hormones help to increase the flow of blood to the brain and muscles to improve the “fight-or-flight” response to stress. These hormones also work to increase heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure while decreasing the flow of blood to and function of organs that are not involved in responding to emergencies.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a large gland located in the abdominal cavity just inferior and posterior to the stomach . The pancreas is considered to be a heterocrine gland as it contains both endocrine and exocrine tissue. The endocrine cells of the pancreas make up just about 1% of the total mass of the pancreas and are found in small groups throughout the pancreas called islets of Langerhans. Within these islets are 2 types of cells—alpha and beta cells. The alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, which is responsible for raising blood glucose levels. Glucagon triggers muscle and liver cells to break down the polysaccharide glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream. The beta cells produce the hormone insulin, which is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal. Insulin triggers the absorption of glucose from the blood into cells, where it is added to glycogen molecules for storage.
Gonads
The gonads—ovaries in females and testes in males—are responsible for producing the sex hormones of the body. These sex hormones determine the secondary sex characteristics of adult females and adult males.
Testes: The testes are a pair of ellipsoid organs found in the scrotum of males that produce the androgen testosterone in males after the start of puberty. Testosterone has effects on many parts of the body, including the muscles, bones, sex organs, and hair follicles. This hormone causes growth and increases in strength of the bones and muscles, including the accelerated growth of long bones during adolescence. During puberty, testosterone controls the growth and development of the sex organs and body hair of males, including pubic, chest, and facial hair. In men who have inherited genes for baldness testosterone triggers the onset of androgenic alopecia, commonly known as male pattern baldness.
Ovaries: The ovaries are a pair of almond-shaped glands located in the pelvic body cavity lateral and superior to the uterus in females. The ovaries produce the female sex hormones progesterone and estrogens. Progesterone is most active in females during ovulation and pregnancy where it maintains appropriate conditions in the human body to support a developing fetus. Estrogens are a group of related hormones that function as the primary female sex hormones. The release of estrogen during puberty triggers the development of female secondary sex characteristics such as uterine development, breast development, and the growth of pubic hair. Estrogen also triggers the increased growth of bones during adolescence that lead to adult height and proportions.
Thymus
The thymus is a soft, triangular-shaped organ found in the chest posterior to the sternum. The thymus produces hormones called thymosins that help to train and develop T-lymphocytes during fetal development and childhood. The T-lymphocytes produced in the thymus go on to protect the body from pathogens throughout a person’s entire life. The thymus becomes inactive during puberty and is slowly replaced by adipose tissue throughout a person’s life.
Other Hormone Producing Organs
In addition to the glands of the endocrine system, many other non-glandular organs and tissues in the body produce hormones as well.
Heart: The cardiac muscle tissue of the heart is capable of producing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to high blood pressure levels. ANP works to reduce blood pressure by triggering vasodilation to provide more space for the blood to travel through. ANP also reduces blood volume and pressure by causing water and salt to be excreted out of the blood by the kidneys.
Kidneys: The kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) in response to low levels of oxygen in the blood. EPO released by the kidneys travels to the red bone marrow where it stimulates an increased production of red blood cells. The number of red blood cells increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, eventually ending the production of EPO.
Digestive System: The hormones cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, and gastrin are all produced by the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. CCK, secretin, and gastrin all help to regulate the secretion of pancreatic juice, bile, and gastric juice in response to the presence of food in the stomach. CCK is also instrumental in the sensation of satiety or “fullness” after eating a meal.
Adipose: Adipose tissue produces the hormone leptin that is involved in the management of appetite and energy usage by the body. Leptin is produced at levels relative to the amount of adipose tissue in the body, allowing the brain to monitor the body’s energy storage condition. When the body contains a sufficient level of adipose for energy storage, the level of leptin in the blood tells the brain that the body is not starving and may work normally. If the level of adipose or leptin decreases below a certain threshold, the body enters starvation mode and attempts to conserve energy through increased hunger and food intake and decreased energy usage. Adipose tissue also produces very low levels of estrogens in both men and women. In obese people the large volume of adipose tissue may lead to abnormal estrogen levels.
Placenta: In pregnant women, the placenta produces several hormones that help to maintain pregnancy. Progesterone is produced to relax the uterus, protect the fetus from the mother’s immune system , and prevent premature delivery of the fetus. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) assists progesterone by signaling the ovaries to maintain the production of estrogen and progesterone throughout pregnancy.
Local Hormones: Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are produced by every tissue in the body (except for blood tissue) in response to damaging stimuli. These two hormones mainly affect the cells that are local to the source of damage, leaving the rest of the body free to function normally.
Prostaglandins cause swelling, inflammation, increased pain sensitivity, and increased local body temperature to help block damaged regions of the body from infection or further damage. They act as the body’s natural bandages to keep pathogens out and swell around damaged joints like a natural cast to limit movement.
Leukotrienes help the body heal after prostaglandins have taken effect by reducing inflammation while helping white blood cells to move into the region to clean up pathogens and damaged tissues.
Physiology of the Endocrine System
Endocrine System vs. Nervous System Function
The endocrine system works alongside of the nervous system to form the control systems of the body. The nervous system provides a very fast and narrowly targeted system to turn on specific glands and muscles throughout the body. The endocrine system, on the other hand, is much slower acting, but has very widespread, long lasting, and powerful effects. Hormones are distributed by glands through the bloodstream to the entire body, affecting any cell with a receptor for a particular hormone. Most hormones affect cells in several organs or throughout the entire body, leading to many diverse and powerful responses.
Hormone Properties
Once hormones have been produced by glands, they are distributed through the body via the bloodstream. As hormones travel through the body, they pass through cells or along the plasma membranes of cells until they encounter a receptor for that particular hormone. Hormones can only affect target cells that have the appropriate receptors. This property of hormones is known as specificity. Hormone specificity explains how each hormone can have specific effects in widespread parts of the body.
Many hormones produced by the endocrine system are classified as tropic hormones. A tropic hormone is a hormone that is able to trigger the release of another hormone in another gland. Tropic hormones provide a pathway of control for hormone production as well as a way for glands to be controlled in distant regions of the body. Many of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, such as TSH, ACTH, and FSH are tropic hormones.
Hormonal Regulation
The levels of hormones in the body can be regulated by several factors. The nervous system can control hormone levels through the action of the hypothalamus and its releasing and inhibiting hormones. For example, TRH produced by the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce TSH. Tropic hormones provide another level of control for the release of hormones. For example, TSH is a tropic hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4. Nutrition can also control the levels of hormones in the body. For example, the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 require 3 or 4 iodine atoms, respectively, to be produced. In people lacking iodine in their diet, they will fail to produce sufficient levels of thyroid hormones to maintain a healthy metabolic rate. Finally, the number of receptors present in cells can be varied by cells in response to hormones. Cells that are exposed to high levels of hormones for extended periods of time can begin to reduce the number of receptors that they produce, leading to reduced hormonal control of the cell.
Classes of Hormones
Hormones are classified into 2 categories depending on their chemical make-up and solubility: water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones. Each of these classes of hormones has specific mechanisms for their function that dictate how they affect their target cells.
Water-soluble hormones: Water-soluble hormones include the peptide and amino-acid hormones such as insulin, epinephrine, HGH, and oxytocin. As their name indicates, these hormones are soluble in water. Water-soluble hormones are unable to pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and are therefore dependent upon receptor molecules on the surface of cells. When a water-soluble hormone binds to a receptor molecule on the surface of a cell, it triggers a reaction inside of the cell. This reaction may change a factor inside of the cell such as the permeability of the membrane or the activation of another molecule. A common reaction is to cause molecules of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to be synthesized from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) present in the cell. cAMP acts as a second messenger within the cell where it binds to a second receptor to change the function of the cell’s physiology.
Lipid-soluble hormones: Lipid-soluble hormones include the steroid hormones such as testosterone, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Because they are soluble in lipids, these hormones are able to pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and bind directly to receptors inside the cell nucleus. Lipid-soluble hormones are able to directly control the function of a cell from these receptors, often triggering the transcription of particular genes in the DNA to produce "messenger RNAs (mRNAs)" that are used to make proteins that affect the cell’s growth and function.
Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor
| i don't know |
What type of creature is a 'Spanish Fly'? | Absurd Creature of the Week: The Spanish Fly Is Real, and It’s Ridiculously Dangerous | WIRED
Absurd Creature of the Week: The Spanish Fly Is Real, and It’s Ridiculously Dangerous
The Spanish fly won't get you horny, but it will get you dead.
K. Hinze/Corbis
In 1869, a French military doctor got what we can confidently say was one of the stranger cases of his career. A group of soldiers were complaining of weakness, stomach problems, dry mouths, and aggressively persistent erections. The problem, it seemed, was that they’d been eating frogs that had themselves been eating the fabled Spanish fly .
In reality, it’s not a fly. It’s actually one of the 3,000 species of so-called blister beetles. And the bug’s defensive secretion, cantharidin, has been used as an “aphrodisiac” since ancient times. Yeah, it doesn’t actually work, unless your idea of sexy is dying a horrible death. Still, throughout history men often laced women’s drinks with it (alleged rapists like Bill Cosby still joke about it ) or took it themselves.
Anger one of these insects and it’ll leak cantharidin right out of its leg joints. Do something dumb like touch it and that cantharidin will make your skin bubble up into nasty yellow blisters (or, like this poor bastard , you could slap one that’s landed on your neck). Do something even dumber like eat the stuff and it may be your last meal—it’s as powerful as cyanide and has no antidote. It strips away the lining of your stomach and you bleed internally. As your kidneys struggle to purge the cantharidin, it inflames your urinary tract, giving you what you think is an erection, but is actually just severe inflammation.
More Absurd Creatures
And browse the full archive here.
One particularly strange story of cantharidin poisoning comes from a fishing trip gone terribly awry . The fisherman, for whatever reason, had the idea that his prey would be attracted to cantharidin, so he mixed some of the stuff up with water in a bottle, using his thumb to plug the hole. Unfortunately, he just so happened to prick that same thumb, then suck on it. A half hour later, he started vomiting. Then came the diarrhea, which continued for the two days he delayed going to the hospital. Once there, weakness and a racing heart set it, and just five hours later, he perished.
It’s not just humans that fall victim to the blister beetle’s incredible toxicity. Horses in particular are highly susceptible to the toxin, according to entomologist Dan Marschalek of San Diego State University. “What will happen is that there are some species that feed on alfalfa, and they’ll get incorporated into the hay. And even if the beetles are dead, that toxin still remains within the dead body.” Horses gobble up the alfalfa and the hitchhiking beetles, begin bleeding internally, and drop dead. Cows and sheep seem to be less susceptible to the poison.
That’s cantharidin-packed blood leaking out of the Meloe campanicollis’ leg joint. And the red and blue on its back aren’t natural spots—they’re fingernail polish (the specimen was the subject of a marking study).
Dan Marschalek
You’d think that with such a reputation surrounding blister beetles, the initiated would go out of their way to avoid cantharidin, and you’d certainly think that it has no place in medicine. But in fact physicians have used it for thousands of years— in varying degrees of ridiculousness . Not that I should have to tell you, but no, cantharidin won’t cure rabies as some ancients believed. It is, however, effective at treating warts and skin bumps manifested by the molluscum virus, and has long been used in modern medicine (when applied properly it apparently isn’t even all that painful). And, again, not that I should have to tell you, but our lawyers would probably appreciate it if I mentioned that under no circumstances should you self-medicate by rubbing a blister beetle on your warts.
You’re welcome, lawyers.
The Cold-Blooded Antics of the Baby Blister Beetle
Only male blister beetles synthesize cantharidin, but out of the kindness of their hearts, they’ll transfer some to the females when they come together to mate. This is known as a nuptial gift , and all kinds of insects do it, though it’s typically a nutritious package, not a weaponized one. The males of some species will transfer an energy-rich fluid, while others present the females with prey items. The most extreme nuptial gift of all, though, is when the male himself turns into the gift as the female simply devours him. So he does not live happily ever after. Or at all, for that matter.
OK, maybe male blister beetles aren’t transferring the cantharidin out of the kindness of their hearts. Like with species that exchange nutritious packages, this is a male’s strategy to ensure the survival of his offspring. “The female will use the cantharidin to coat the eggs,” says Marschalek, “so it’ll provide some protection for the eggs before they develop.” Thus can the male help ensure the survival of his young without having to directly care for the ingrates.
Epicauta pensylvanica, a species common in the eastern US. Some blister beetles mate by mounting, while others take this bum-to-bum approach.
Dan Marschalek
Once the eggs hatch into tiny larvae, though, the young don’t need no help surviving. Their mother will have laid them at the base of a plant, and the clever little things make their way up the stem en masse and get into flowers. When a solitary species of bee lands, the tiny larvae swarm onto it. Somehow they can tell the difference between male and female bees, which is important considering they’re trying to hitch a ride back to a nest, which only females maintain. If they get a female, great—it’s straight to the nest. But if they get a male, they have to pray that he’s about to mate with a female. When that happens, the larvae swarm from him onto the female to get to the nest. There they’ll first devour her supply of pollen that she intended to save for her own kids. Once she lays her eggs, they’ll eat those too, and if those eggs manage to hatch into larvae, they’ll eat those too. Unfortunately for momma bee, they’re positively insatiable.
But there are a couple species of blister beetle whose larvae get even cleverer. When they climb up the plant they don’t look for flowers, but instead form into a squirming mass on the stem (see the BBC video on it below). “So there’ll be tens to hundreds of these small larvae in a ball, and so kind of visually that mimics a bee,” says Marschalek. “But they’re also producing some kind of chemical cue to attract the male bees, and so they’ll bring the bee in, they’ll grab onto it, and then do the transfer to a female while the bees are mating.” Then it’s off to the bee buffet.
Thus the wildly dangerous legend of the Spanish fly perpetuates itself. And again, please don’t eat them. There are plenty of pills for that sort of thing that almost never kill their users in excruciating ways.
Big thanks to MaLisa Spring for suggesting this week’s critter. You can browse the full Absurd Creature of the Week archive here . Know of an animal you want me to write about? Are you a scientist studying a bizarre creature? Email [email protected] or ping me on Twitter at @mrMattSimon .
| Beetle (disambiguation) |
The three main constituents of glass are sand, soda, and what else? | Spanish Fly: Is it real safe? | Germany Sex Drops - Best Spanish Fly Alternative
Spanish Fly: How Serious Are The Risks?
Spanish Fly = Danger?
Aphrodisiacs, named after the Greek goddess of love Aphrodite, have one single purpose – to increase the amount of sexual desire you’re feeling at that point in time, and ideally for several hours afterwards. The use of these “love potions” dates back thousands of years to when humans first started tinkering with medicine, and when they first realized what a potent weapon sex and sexual energy can be. Of all the aphrodisiacs that have come into, and vanished out of existence over the centuries, Spanish Fly features as the single most famous, and ultimately the most dangerous, product designed to allegedly increase female arousal and sexual desire.
Spanish Fly itself is not actually made from flies (thankfully I hear you say!), but is instead made from a type of green beetle called the Lytta vesicatoria. Basically the dried remains of these beetles are ground into a fine powder, which is then mixed with a number of other ingredients and then placed in a water or alcohol base. So this allegedly potent aphrodisiac is made from dead insects – there’s no sexual magic or alchemy involved.
There are some historical records which say that Spanish Fly was originally used as a form of anesthetic given to men on their wedding night. At that time it was an ointment which was applied to the male genitals to numb them long enough to allow the man to perform sexually for longer, impressing his new wife in the process. It was never, ever designed to be taken internally though, and this is where the health issues really start. Now this goes against everything you see when in adverts for this female libido enhancer, because it’s always supplied as either drops, or sometimes pills, to be taken orally.
There’s a serious problem here because the active ingredient in this aphrodisiac is something called cantharadin, which is actually a severe irritant and blistering agent. In fact they’re so potent that simply placing a substance containing cantharadin on your skin can cause it to blister almost immediately, so it’s obviously not something you would ever want to drink or take orally.
Try Now Risk FREE
The most commonly held belief around Spanish Fly is that it was originally used to encourage farm animals to mate (and it was reasonably effective in making this happen), so somebody, somewhere decided that it could be used for the same purpose for human beings. The reason why people think this aphrodisiac might actually work to enhance your sex drive is because it causes irritation in the urinary tract, which then causes blood to rush to your genitals – this rush of blood then being mistaken for sexual arousal. What’s actually happening is that the toxic ingredients in Spanish Fly are poisoning your body in a number of different ways.
The only real reason Spanish Fly has managed to retain some kind of mystical significance as an aphrodisiac is because it’s been banned from sale in most civilized countries – simply because it’s so dangerous. Unfortunately some people think it’s been banned because it actually works and this makes them all the more eager to try it. The fact that this product has been banned has created a kind of weird viral marketing campaign for it – which people are still falling for even today.
So are there any health risks associated with taking Spanish Fly?
Folks the list is almost endless, but what we’re going to do is to list the most common and most serious side effects of this aphrodisiac, as a warning to any woman considering taking this “sexual stimulant”, even just experimentally.
Miscarriage
Spanish Fly has been used for centuries by back alley abortionist to terminate pregnancies, so any woman who is currently pregnant or trying to get pregnant needs to avoid this product like the plague itself. There is a very strong risk that using this product in even the smallest of doses could cause you to accidentally abort your child.
Try Now Risk FREE
Kidney Damage
There are numerous verifiable cases of Spanish Fly causing severe damage to the kidneys of people taking it. This is based on the fact that the irritant contained in this product goes to work on your urinary tract causing inflammation and infection there, which then spreads elsewhere. If you do decide to use Spanish Fly you should be prepared to visit the nearest hospital shortly afterwards.
Neurological Issues
Taking Spanish Fly in even small doses can result in anything from delirium, confusion and borderline psychosis to actual loss of consciousness. People who use this product often complain of not feeling in control of their own thoughts and emotions and, believe it or not, some people become so confused they actually start barking like a dog. So if you like the idea of developing potentially long-term neurological problems then Spanish Fly is ideal for you (we’re kidding obviously).
Frequent Urination
The irritation of your urinary tract will be so severe that you’ll literally need to urinate every few minutes, ruining any potential for sexual fun you might have been looking forward to. The most commonly reported side effect of using this product is that you constantly feel the need to urinate after taking it.
Eyesight
One of the other side effects of using this product is that you’ll also experience a burning sensation in your eyes, and there’s even a possibility that your vision will develop a yellow hue to it. There is no information available on how long these vision-related side effects actually last.
Try Now Risk FREE
Digestive Problems
Within just minutes of taking a few drops of this “stimulant” you’ll begin to experience a burning sensation in your throat and then your stomach. The irritation can become so severe that it will eventually require professional medical assistance. Many people also report feeling incredibly thirsty, but that drinking any kind of fluid has no effect on this thirst, making it unbearable as a result.
Death
In large doses Spanish Fly can kill you – it’s literally that toxic. Most of the genuine Spanish Fly products contain a very small amount of a poison called strychnine, and absorbed in small doses this would make you feel extremely unwell. In larger doses however it will kill you very quickly, and what’s worse strychnine poisoning can be hard to trace except when it’s present in your body in massive quantities.
So as you can see Spanish Fly is about as dangerous a substance as you would ever dare take, with side-effects so serious that you’re probably wondering what it hasn’t been banned completely? Unfortunately human beings have a tendency to believe myth and lore rather than actual science, which is why rhinos are still being hunted for their horns, which is then turned into an aphrodisiac product for men, for example. Basically Spanish Fly will not only do absolutely nothing for your sex drive, but it can and will endanger your health.
The reason why you started reading this article in the first place though is because, as a woman, you’re struggling with your current lack of sexual desire and you’re no doubt desperate to find a way to treat this “problem”. It’s impossible for anyone to understand what it feels like to lose your sex drive, unless they’ve actually experienced it themselves. This sense of desperation is what drives so many people to try crazy lotions and potions like Spanish Fly to reignite the flames of passion in their life, and in their body, all over again.
Obviously Spanish Fly that can be found everywhere for dirt cheap isn’t an option for boosting your libido, but you might want to take a look at a product called Germany Sex Drops instead. It’s a 100% natural (it contains water, fructose and melatonin for example) way to increase your sex drive and put your libido into high gear.
Why not check out Germany Sex Drops here right now?
SHARE
| i don't know |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.